When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of dissolved gases. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas and water-temperature data at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2009. Significant findings from the data include:
\nApproximately 300 kg/day of food-grade CO2 was injected through a perforated pipe placed horizontally 2–2.3 m deep during July 9–August 7, 2008 at the MSU-ZERT field test to evaluate atmospheric and near-surface monitoring and detection techniques applicable to the subsurface storage and potential leakage of CO2. As part of this multidisciplinary research project, 80 samples of water were collected from 10 shallow monitoring wells (1.5 or 3.0 m deep) installed 1–6 m from the injection pipe, at the southwestern end of the slotted section (zone VI), and from two distant monitoring wells. The samples were collected before, during, and following CO2 injection. The main objective of study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of major, minor, and trace inorganic and organic compounds during and following CO2 injection. The ultimate goals were (1) to better understand the potential of groundwater quality impacts related to CO2 leakage from deep storage operations, (2) to develop geochemical tools that could provide early detection of CO2 intrusion into underground sources of drinking water (USDW), and (3) to test the predictive capabilities of geochemical codes against field data. Field determinations showed rapid and systematic changes in pH (7.0–5.6), alkalinity (400–1,330 mg/l as HCO3), and electrical conductance (600–1,800 μS/cm) following CO2 injection in samples collected from the 1.5 m-deep wells. Laboratory results show major increases in the concentrations of Ca (90–240 mg/l), Mg (25–70 mg/l), Fe (5–1,200 ppb), and Mn (5–1,400 ppb) following CO2 injection. These chemical changes could provide early detection of CO2 leakage into shallow groundwater from deep storage operations. Dissolution of observed carbonate minerals and desorption-ion exchange resulting from lowered pH values following CO2 injection are the likely geochemical processes responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of solutes; concentrations generally decreased temporarily following four significant precipitation events. The DOC values obtained are 5 ± 2 mg/l, and the variations do not correlate with CO2 injection. CO2 injection, however, is responsible for detection of BTEX (e.g. benzene, 0–0.8 ppb), mobilization of metals, the lowered pH values, and increases in the concentrations of other solutes in groundwater. The trace metal and BTEX concentrations are all significantly below the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Sequential leaching of core samples is being carried out to investigate the source of metals and other solutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Kakouros, E., Ambats, G., Herkelrath, W.N., Beers, S.R., Birkholzer, J., Apps, J.A., Spycher, N.F., Zheng, L., Trautz, R.C., Rauch, H.W., and Gullickson, K., 2010, Changes in the chemistry of shallow groundwater related to the 2008 injection of CO2 at the ZERT field site, Bozeman, Montana: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 60, no. 2, p. 273-284, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Bozeman","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c749e4b034bf6a7f543e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ambats, Gil","contributorId":205841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambats","given":"Gil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37174,"text":"Volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beers, Sarah R.","contributorId":209331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beers","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Birkholzer, J.T.","contributorId":18596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkholzer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Apps, J. A.","contributorId":60386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apps","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spycher, Nicholas F.","contributorId":209332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spycher","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zheng, Liange","contributorId":209333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Liange","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Trautz, Robert C.","contributorId":171754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trautz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":26941,"text":"Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rauch, Henry W.","contributorId":209334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rauch","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gullickson, K.S.","contributorId":26907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullickson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70156094,"text":"70156094 - 2010 - Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T12:27:10","indexId":"70156094","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams","docAbstract":"1. Water abstraction strongly affects streams in arid and semiarid ecosystems, particularly where there is a Mediterranean climate. Excessive abstraction reduces the availability of water for human uses downstream and impairs the capacity of streams to support native biota.
\n2. We investigated the flow regime and related variables in six river basins of the Iberian Peninsula and show that they have been strongly altered, with declining flows (autoregressive models) and groundwater levels during the 20th century. These streams had lower flows and more frequent droughts than predicted by the official hydrological model used in this region. Three of these rivers were sometimes dry, whereas there were predicted by the model to be permanently flowing. Meanwhile, there has been no decrease in annual precipitation.
\n3. We also investigated the fish assemblage of a stream in one of these river basins (Tordera) for 6 years and show that sites more affected by water abstraction display significant differences in four fish metrics (catch per unit effort, number of benthic species, number of intolerant species and proportional abundance of intolerant individuals) commonly used to assess the biotic condition of streams.
\n4. We discuss the utility of these metrics in assessing impacts of water abstraction and point out the need for detailed characterisation of the natural flow regime (and hence drought events) prior to the application of biotic indices in streams severely affected by water abstraction. In particular, in cases of artificially dry streams, it is more appropriate for regulatory agencies to assign index scores that reflect biotic degradation than to assign ‘missing’ scores, as is presently customary in assessments of Iberian streams.
\nPhytoplankton variability is a primary driver of chemical and biological dynamics in the coastal zone because it directly affects water quality, biogeochemical cycling of reactive elements, and food supply to consumer organisms. Much has been learned about patterns of phytoplankton variability within individual ecosystems, but patterns have not been compared across the diversity of ecosystem types where marine waters are influenced by connectivity to land. We extracted patterns from chlorophyll-a series measured at 84 estuarine–coastal sites, using a model that decomposes time series into an annual effect, mean seasonal pattern, and residual “events.” Comparisons across sites revealed a large range of variability patterns, with some dominated by a recurrent seasonal pattern, others dominated by annual (i.e., year-to-year) variability as trends or regime shifts and others dominated by the residual component, which includes exceptional bloom events such as red tides. Why is the partitioning of phytoplankton variability at these three scales so diverse? We propose a hypothesis to guide next steps of comparative analysis: large year-to-year variability is a response to disturbance from human activities or shifts in the climate system; strong seasonal patterns develop where the governing processes are linked to the annual climate cycle; and large event-scale variability occurs at sites highly enriched with nutrients. Patterns of phytoplankton variability are therefore shaped by the site-specific relative importance of disturbance, annual climatology, and nutrient enrichment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12237-009-9195-3","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Jassby, A.D., 2010, Patterns and scales of phytoplankton variability in estuarine: Coastal ecosystems: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 33, no. 2, p. 230-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9195-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9195-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c749e4b034bf6a7f5444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043198,"text":"70043198 - 2010 - Seamount mineral deposits: A source of rare metals for high technology industries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:28:03","indexId":"70043198","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seamount mineral deposits: A source of rare metals for high technology industries","docAbstract":"The near exponential growth in Earth’s population and the global economy puts increasing constraints on our planet’s finite supply of natural metal \nresources, and, consequently, there is an increasing need for new sources to supply high-tech industries. To date, effectively all of our raw-metal resources are produced at land-based sites. Except for nearshore placer deposits, the marine environment has been largely excluded from metal mining due to technological difficulties, even though it covers more than 70% of the planet. The case can be made that deep-water seabed mining is inevitable in the future, owing to the critical and strategic metal needs for human society. In this paper, we evaluate the case that seamounts offer significant potential for mining.","language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","publisherLocation":"Rockville, MD","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2010.70","issn":"10428275","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Conrad, T., and Staudigel, H., 2010, Seamount mineral deposits: A source of rare metals for high technology industries: Oceanography, v. 23, no. 1, p. 184-189, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.70.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-016104","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.70","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372210e4b02ab8869c0028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, Tracey A.","contributorId":52540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"Tracey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staudigel, Hubert","contributorId":31013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudigel","given":"Hubert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044275,"text":"70044275 - 2010 - Representing pump-capacity relations in groundwater simulation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T11:19:35","indexId":"70044275","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Representing pump-capacity relations in groundwater simulation models","docAbstract":"The yield (or discharge) of constant-speed pumps varies with the total dynamic head (or lift) against which the pump is discharging. The variation in yield over the operating range of the pump may be substantial. In groundwater simulations that are used for management evaluations or other purposes, where predictive accuracy depends on the reliability of future discharge estimates, model reliability may be enhanced by including the effects of head-capacity (or pump-capacity) relations on the discharge from the well. A relatively simple algorithm has been incorporated into the widely used MODFLOW groundwater flow model that allows a model user to specify head-capacity curves. The algorithm causes the model to automatically adjust the pumping rate each time step to account for the effect of drawdown in the cell and changing lift, and will shut the pump off if lift exceeds a critical value. The algorithm is available as part of a new multinode well package (MNW2) for MODFLOW.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00619.x","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 2010, Representing pump-capacity relations in groundwater simulation models: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 1, p. 106-110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00619.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-013889","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270859,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00619.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd707ae4b0b2908510711a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189906,"text":"70189906 - 2010 - The influence of topology on hydraulic conductivity in a sand-and-gravel aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T20:48:12.732002","indexId":"70189906","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of topology on hydraulic conductivity in a sand-and-gravel aquifer","docAbstract":"A field experiment consisting of geophysical logging and tracer testing was conducted in a single well that penetrated a sand‐and‐gravel aquifer at the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology research site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Geophysical logs and flowmeter/pumping measurements were obtained to estimate vertical profiles of porosity ϕ, hydraulic conductivity K, temperature, and bulk electrical conductivity under background, freshwater conditions. Saline‐tracer fluid was then injected into the well for 2 h and its radial migration into the surrounding deposits was monitored by recording an electromagnetic‐induction log every 10 min. The field data are analyzed and interpreted primarily through the use of Archie's (1942) law to investigate the role of topological factors such as pore geometry and connectivity, and grain size and packing configuration in regulating fluid flow through these coarse‐grained materials. The logs reveal no significant correlation between K and ϕ, and imply that groundwater models that link these two properties may not be useful at this site. Rather, it is the distribution and connectivity of the fluid phase as defined by formation factor F, cementation index m, and tortuosity α that primarily control the hydraulic conductivity. Results show that F correlates well with K, thereby indicating that induction logs provide qualitative information on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity. A comparison of α, which incorporates porosity data, with K produces only a slightly better correlation and further emphasizes the weak influence of the bulk value of ϕ on K.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00646.x","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., LeBlanc, D.R., and Troutman, B., 2010, The influence of topology on hydraulic conductivity in a sand-and-gravel aquifer: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 2, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00646.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","ipdsId":"IP-013164","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.5596923828125,\n 41.58360681482734\n ],\n [\n -70.51986694335938,\n 41.58360681482734\n ],\n [\n -70.51986694335938,\n 41.62673502076991\n ],\n [\n -70.5596923828125,\n 41.62673502076991\n ],\n [\n -70.5596923828125,\n 41.58360681482734\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819317e4b0e2f5d463b7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":706725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192422,"text":"70192422 - 2010 - Quantifying human disturbance in watersheds: Variable selection and performance of a GIS-based disturbance index for predicting the biological condition of perennial streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:23:41","indexId":"70192422","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying human disturbance in watersheds: Variable selection and performance of a GIS-based disturbance index for predicting the biological condition of perennial streams","docAbstract":"Characterizing the relative severity of human disturbance in watersheds is often part of stream assessments and is frequently done with the aid of Geographic Information System (GIS)-derived data. However, the choice of variables and how they are used to quantify disturbance are often subjective. In this study, we developed a number of disturbance indices by testing sets of variables, scoring methods, and weightings of 33 potential disturbance factors derived from readily available GIS data. The indices were calibrated using 770 watersheds located in the western United States for which the severity of disturbance had previously been classified from detailed local data by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The indices were calibrated by determining which variable or variable combinations and aggregation method best differentiated between least- and most-disturbed sites. Indices composed of several variables performed better than any individual variable, and best results came from a threshold method of scoring using six uncorrelated variables: housing unit density, road density, pesticide application, dam storage, land cover along a mainstem buffer, and distance to nearest canal/pipeline. The final index was validated with 192 withheld watersheds and correctly classified about two-thirds (68%) of least- and most-disturbed sites. These results provide information about the potential for using a disturbance index as a screening tool for a priori ranking of watersheds at a regional/national scale, and which landscape variables and methods of combination may be most helpful in doing so.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.05.005","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., Carlisle, D.M., and Weber, L.C., 2010, Quantifying human disturbance in watersheds: Variable selection and performance of a GIS-based disturbance index for predicting the biological condition of perennial streams: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 2, p. 264-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.05.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"273","ipdsId":"IP-004681","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Western United States","volume":"10","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f61fe4b09af898c8cdef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":173496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Lisa C.","contributorId":124586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200487,"text":"70200487 - 2010 - Testing independent and interactive effects of corticosterone and synergized resmethrin on the immune response to West Nile virus in chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T20:46:52.78838","indexId":"70200487","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-28T09:28:20","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3610,"text":"Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing independent and interactive effects of corticosterone and synergized resmethrin on the immune response to West Nile virus in chickens","docAbstract":"Public health agencies utilize aerial insecticides to interrupt an active West Nile virus (WNV) transmission cycle, which may expose WNV-infected birds to these agents. Although resmethrin has been considered benign to birds, no studies have evaluated whether the environmentally employed form of resmethrin with PBO synergist (synergized resmethrin (SR)) can suppress avian immunity to WNV infection and enhance a bird's host competence. Recognizing that wild birds confront toxicological stressors in the context of various physiological states, we exposed four groups (n = 9–11) of 9-week-old chickens (Gallus domesticus) to drinking water with either SR (three alternate days at 50 μg/l resmethrin + 150 μg/l piperonyl butoxide), CORT (10 days at 20 mg/l to induce subacute stress), the combination of SR and CORT, or 0.10% ethanol vehicle coincident with WNV infection. Compared to controls, SR treatment did not magnify but extended viremia by 1 day, and depressed IgG; CORT treatment elevated (mean, 4.26 log10 PFU/ml) and extended viremia by 2 days, enhanced IgM and IgG, and increased oral virus. The combination of SR and CORT increased the number of chickens that shed oral virus compared to those treated with CORT alone. None of the chickens developed a readily infectious viremia to mosquitoes (none ≥5 log10 PFU/ml), but viremia in a CORT-exposed chicken was up to 4.95 log10 PFU/ml. Given that SR is utilized during WNV outbreaks, continued work toward a complete risk assessment of the potential immunotoxic effects of SR is warranted. This would include parameterization of SR exposures with immunological consequences in wild birds using both replicating (in the laboratory) and non-replicating (in the field) antigens. As a start, this study indicates that SR can alter some immunological parameters, but with limited consequences to primary WNV infection outcome, and that elevated CORT mildly enhances SRs immunotoxicity in chickens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.010","usgsCitation":"Jankowski, M.D., Franson, J.C., Mostl, E., Porter, W.P., and Hofmeister, E.K., 2010, Testing independent and interactive effects of corticosterone and synergized resmethrin on the immune response to West Nile virus in chickens: Toxicology, v. 269, no. 1, p. 81-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2861826","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c749e4b034bf6a7f544c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankowski, Mark","contributorId":149535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":17765,"text":"Present address: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road N., St. Paul, MN 55155","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":177499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mostl, Erich","contributorId":209932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mostl","given":"Erich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, Warren P.","contributorId":87281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-6360-3912 ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-3912","contributorId":3230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98215,"text":"ds495 - 2010 - Perchlorate data for streams and groundwater in selected areas of the United States, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T21:38:50.646344","indexId":"ds495","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"495","title":"Perchlorate data for streams and groundwater in selected areas of the United States, 2004","docAbstract":"This report presents data collected as part of a reconnaissance study to evaluate the occurrence of perchlorate in rivers and streams and in shallow aquifers in selected areas of the United States. Perchlorate, a component in rocket fuels, fireworks, and some explosives is soluble in water and persists in soils and water for long periods. It is biologically active at relatively low-levels in the environment, and has been identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. The purpose of this reconnaissance was to determine the occurrence of perchlorate in agricultural areas of the Midwestern and North-Central United States and in arid Central and Western parts of the United States.\r\n\r\nSamples were collected from 171 sites on rivers and streams and 146 sites from wells during the summer and early fall of 2004. Samples were collected from surface-water sites in 19 states and from wells in 5 states. Perchlorate was detected in samples collected in 15 states and was detected in 34 of 182 samples from rivers and streams and in 64 of 148 groundwater samples at concentrations equal to or greater than 0.4 micrograms per liter. Perchlorate concentrations were 1.0 micrograms per liter or greater in surface-water samples from seven states and in groundwater samples in four states. Only one surface-water and one groundwater sample had concentrations greater than 5.0 micrograms per liter. Perchlorate concentrations in followup samples collected from 1 to 3 months after the initial sample were unchanged at four of five stream sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds495","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., Stetson, S., Lund, K.D., Wanty, R.B., and Linder, G.L., 2010, Perchlorate data for streams and groundwater in selected areas of the United States, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 495, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds495.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92002.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13474,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetson, Sarah J.","contributorId":100963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Kris D. kdlund@usgs.gov","contributorId":1958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Kris","email":"kdlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linder, Gregory L.","contributorId":35843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98213,"text":"ds480 - 2010 - A Compilation of Spatial Datasets to Support a Preliminary Assessment of Pesticides and Pesticide Use on Tribal Lands in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"ds480","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"480","title":"A Compilation of Spatial Datasets to Support a Preliminary Assessment of Pesticides and Pesticide Use on Tribal Lands in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains spatial datasets that describe natural and anthropogenic features and county-level estimates of agricultural pesticide use and pesticide data for surface-water, groundwater, and biological specimens in the state of Oklahoma. County-level estimates of pesticide use were compiled from the Pesticide National Synthesis Project of the U.S. Geological Survey, National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Pesticide data for surface water, groundwater, and biological specimens were compiled from U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database. These spatial datasets that describe natural and manmade features were compiled from several agencies and contain information collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. The U.S. Geological Survey datasets were not collected specifically for this compilation, but were previously collected for projects with various objectives.\r\n\r\nThe spatial datasets were created by different agencies from sources with varied quality. As a result, features common to multiple layers may not overlay exactly. Users should check the metadata to determine proper use of these spatial datasets. These data were not checked for accuracy or completeness. If a question of accuracy or completeness arise, the user should contact the originator cited in the metadata. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds480","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VI","usgsCitation":"Mashburn, S.L., and Winton, K.T., 2010, A Compilation of Spatial Datasets to Support a Preliminary Assessment of Pesticides and Pesticide Use on Tribal Lands in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 480, CD-ROM; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds480.","productDescription":"CD-ROM; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13471,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/480/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4950e4b0b290850ef0bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, Kimberly T.","contributorId":32264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98217,"text":"fs20103008 - 2010 - Assessing groundwater availability in the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T18:26:09.753383","indexId":"fs20103008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3008","title":"Assessing groundwater availability in the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Resources Program is conducting an assessment of groundwater availability to gain a clearer understanding of the status of the Nation's groundwater resources and the natural and human factors that can affect those resources. The goals of this national effort are to define the current status and improve understanding of the Nation's groundwater resources, to better estimate availability and suitability of those resources for use in the future, and to provide tools to estimate the future availability of ground-water for its various uses. Assessments will be completed for regional aquifer systems across the Nation to help characterize how much water we have, where groundwater resources are most stressed, how groundwater availability is changing, and where groundwater resources are most available for future use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103008","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Qi, S.L., and Christenson, S., 2010, Assessing groundwater availability in the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3008, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103008.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3008.jpg"},{"id":403666,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92018.htm","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13475,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 31.5167\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 31.5167\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 31.5167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott","contributorId":59128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98214,"text":"ofr20101042 - 2010 - Biological Evaluations of an Off-Stream Channel, Horizontal Flat-Plate Fish Screen-The Farmers Screen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"ofr20101042","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1042","title":"Biological Evaluations of an Off-Stream Channel, Horizontal Flat-Plate Fish Screen-The Farmers Screen","docAbstract":"Screens are commonly installed at water diversion sites to reduce entrainment of fish. Recently, the Farmers Irrigation District in Hood River, Oregon, developed a new flat-plate screen design that offers passive operation and may result in reduced operation and installation costs to irrigators. To evaluate the performance (its biological effect on fish) of this type of screen, two size classes of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kistuch) were released over a small version of this screen in the field-the Herman Creek screen. The performance of the screen was evaluated over a range of inflow [0.02 to 0.42 m3/s (cubic meters per second)] and diversion flows (0.02 to 0.34 m3/s) at different weir wall heights. The mean approach velocities for the screen ranged from 0 to 5 cm/s (centimeters per second) and mean sweeping velocities ranged from 36 to 178 cm/s. Water depths over the screen surface ranged from 1 to 25 centimeters and were directly related to weir wall height and inflow. Passage of juvenile coho salmon over the screen under a variety of hydraulic conditions did not severely injure them or cause delayed mortality. For all fish, the mean percentage of body surface area that was injured after passage over the screen ranged from about 0.4 to 3.0%. This occurred even though many fish contacted the screen surface during passage. No fish were observed becoming impinged on the screen surface (greater than 1 second contact with the screen). When operated within its design criteria (diversion flows of about 0.28 m3/s), the screen provided safe and effective downstream passage of juvenile salmonids under a variety of hydraulic conditions. However, we do not recommend operating the screen at inflows less than 0.14 m3/s (5 ft3/s) because water depth can get quite shallow and the screen can completely dewater, particularly at very low flows.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101042","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., Rose, B.P., and Copeland, E.S., 2010, Biological Evaluations of an Off-Stream Channel, Horizontal Flat-Plate Fish Screen-The Farmers Screen: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1042, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101042.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1042.png"},{"id":13472,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Brien P. brose@usgs.gov","contributorId":3493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Brien","email":"brose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Copeland, Elizabeth S.","contributorId":82415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98205,"text":"sir20105025 - 2010 - Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189667,"text":"sir20105025D - 2010 - Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","indexId":"sir20105025D","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","title":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98205,"text":"sir20105025 - 2010 - Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","indexId":"sir20105025","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T10:46:38","indexId":"sir20105025","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5025","title":"Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","docAbstract":"On July 21, 2009, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar proposed a two-year withdrawal of about 1 million acres of Federal land near the Grand Canyon from future mineral entry. These lands are contained in three parcels: two parcels on U.S. Bureau of Land Management land to the north of the Grand Canyon (North and East Segregation Areas) and one on the Kaibab National Forest south of the Grand Canyon (South Segregation Area). The purpose of the two-year withdrawal is to examine the potential effects of restricting these areas from new mine development for the next 20 years. This proposed withdrawal initiated a period of study during which the effects of the withdrawal must be evaluated. At the direction of the Secretary, the U.S. Geological Survey began a series of short-term studies designed to develop additional information about the possible effects of uranium mining on the natural resources of the region. Dissolved uranium and other major, minor, and trace elements occur naturally in groundwater as the result of precipitation infiltrating from the surface to water-bearing zones and, presumably, to underlying regional aquifers. Discharges from these aquifers occur as seeps and springs throughout the region and provide valuable habitat and water sources for plants and animals. Uranium mining within the watershed may increase the amount of radioactive materials and heavy metals in the surface water and groundwater flowing into Grand Canyon National Park and the Colorado River, and deep mining activities may increase mobilization of uranium through the rock strata into the aquifers. In addition, waste rock and ore from mined areas may be transported away from the mines by wind and runoff.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105025","usgsCitation":"2010, Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5025, iii, 353 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105025.","productDescription":"iii, 353 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":529,"text":"Pacific Southwest Regional Executive Office","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5025.jpg"},{"id":13448,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35.5 ], [ -114,37.083333333333336 ], [ -111.5,37.083333333333336 ], [ -111.5,35.5 ], [ -114,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60521e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alpine, Andrea E.","contributorId":54927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98204,"text":"ds494 - 2010 - Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1999–2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T18:45:41.08495","indexId":"ds494","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"494","title":"Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1999–2005","docAbstract":"The Cedar River alluvial aquifer is the primary source of municipal water in the Cedar Rapids, Iowa area. Municipal wells are completed in the alluvial aquifer at approximately 40 to 80 feet deep. The City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have been conducting a cooperative study of the groundwater-flow system and water quality near the well fields since 1992. Previous cooperative studies between the City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have documented hydrologic and water-quality data, geochemistry, and groundwater models. Water-quality samples were collected for studies involving well field monitoring, trends, source-water protection, groundwater geochemistry, evaluation of surface and ground-water interaction, assessment of pesticides in groundwater and surface water, and to evaluate water quality near a wetland area in the Seminole well field. Typical water-quality analyses included major ions (boron, bromide, calcium, chloride, fluoride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, and sulfate), nutrients (ammonia as nitrogen, nitrite as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and orthophosphate as phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, and selected pesticides including two degradates of the herbicide atrazine. In addition, two synoptic samplings included analyses of additional pesticide degradates in water samples. Physical field parameters (alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance and water temperature) were recorded with each water sample collected. This report presents the results of water quality data-collection activities from January 1999 through December 2005. Methods of data collection, quality-assurance samples, water-quality analyses, and statistical summaries are presented. Data include the results of water-quality analyses from quarterly and synoptic sampling from monitoring wells, municipal wells, and the Cedar River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds494","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., and Schnoebelen, D.J., 2010, Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1999–2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 494, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds494.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_494.jpg"},{"id":403668,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_91654.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13447,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/494/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.74837112426758,\n 41.981186979424656\n ],\n [\n -91.66666030883789,\n 41.981186979424656\n ],\n [\n -91.66666030883789,\n 42.03373934666248\n ],\n [\n -91.74837112426758,\n 42.03373934666248\n ],\n [\n -91.74837112426758,\n 41.981186979424656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db54654f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004065,"text":"70004065 - 2010 - Suspended-sediment sources in an urban watershed, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T20:03:50.765662","indexId":"70004065","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended-sediment sources in an urban watershed, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Maryland","docAbstract":"Fine sediment sources were characterized by chemical composition in an urban watershed, the Northeast Branch Anacostia River, which drains to the Chesapeake Bay. Concentrations of 63 elements and two radionuclides were measured in possible land-based sediment sources and suspended sediment collected from the water column at the watershed outlet during storm events. These tracer concentrations were used to determine the relative quantity of suspended sediment contributed by each source. Although this is an urbanized watershed, there was not a distinct urban signature that can be evaluated except for the contributions from road surfaces. We identified the sources of fine sediment by both physiographic province (Piedmont and Coastal Plain) and source locale (streambanks, upland and street residue) by using different sets of elemental tracers. The Piedmont contributed the majority of the fine sediment for seven of the eight measured storms. The streambanks contributed the greatest quantity of fine sediment when evaluated by source locale. Street residue contributed 13% of the total suspended sediment on average and was the source most concentrated in anthropogenically enriched elements. Combining results from the source locale and physiographic province analyses, most fine sediment in the Northeast Branch watershed is derived from streambanks that contain sediment eroded from the Piedmont physiographic province of the watershed. Sediment fingerprinting analyses are most useful when longer term evaluations of sediment erosion and storage are also available from streambankerosion measurements, sediment budget and other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7604","usgsCitation":"Devereux, O.H., Prestegaard, K.L., Needelman, B.A., and Gellis, A., 2010, Suspended-sediment sources in an urban watershed, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Maryland: Hydrological Processes, v. 24, no. 11, p. 1391-1403, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7604.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1391","endPage":"1403","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.94103240966797,\n 38.94445718138944\n ],\n [\n -76.95064544677734,\n 38.941653403182116\n ],\n [\n -76.95596694946289,\n 38.916280846543984\n ],\n [\n -76.94257736206055,\n 38.90946877327506\n ],\n [\n -76.93416595458984,\n 38.92402711565758\n ],\n [\n -76.94103240966797,\n 38.94445718138944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba315e4b08c986b31fb8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H.","contributorId":97238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prestegaard, Karen L.","contributorId":23266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestegaard","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Needelman, Brian A.","contributorId":19693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needelman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98199,"text":"ds487 - 2010 - A Seamless, High-Resolution, Coastal Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:13","indexId":"ds487","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"487","title":"A Seamless, High-Resolution, Coastal Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Southern California","docAbstract":"A seamless, 3-meter digital elevation model (DEM) was constructed for the entire Southern California coastal zone, extending 473 km from Point Conception to the Mexican border. The goal was to integrate the most recent, high-resolution datasets available (for example, Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) topography, multibeam and single beam sonar bathymetry, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) topography) into a continuous surface from at least the 20-m isobath to the 20-m elevation contour. \r\n\r\nThis dataset was produced to provide critical boundary conditions (bathymetry and topography) for a modeling effort designed to predict the impacts of severe winter storms on the Southern California coast (Barnard and others, 2009). The hazards model, run in real-time or with prescribed scenarios, incorporates atmospheric information (wind and pressure fields) with a suite of state-of-the-art physical process models (tide, surge, and wave) to enable detailed prediction of water levels, run-up, wave heights, and currents. Research-grade predictions of coastal flooding, inundation, erosion, and cliff failure are also included. The DEM was constructed to define the general shape of nearshore, beach and cliff surfaces as accurately as possible, with less emphasis on the detailed variations in elevation inland of the coast and on bathymetry inside harbors. As a result this DEM should not be used for navigation purposes. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds487","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., and Hoover, D., 2010, A Seamless, High-Resolution, Coastal Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 487, Report: iii, 8 p.; Metadata folder (HTML, HTML in FAQ, ASCII, XML); Data folder , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds487.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Metadata folder (HTML, HTML in FAQ, ASCII, XML); Data folder ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_487.jpg"},{"id":13443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/487/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4968e4b0b290850ef231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoover, Daniel","contributorId":79841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98201,"text":"ds488 - 2010 - Data Used in Analyses of Trends, and Nutrient and Suspended-Sediment Loads for Streams in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"ds488","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"488","title":"Data Used in Analyses of Trends, and Nutrient and Suspended-Sediment Loads for Streams in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005","docAbstract":"Water-quality data from selected surface-water monitoring sites in the Southeastern United States were assessed for trends in concentrations of nutrients, suspended sediment, and major constituents and for in-stream nutrient and suspended-sediment loads for the period 1973-2005. The area of interest includes river basins draining into the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Tennessee River-drainage basins in Hydrologic Regions 03 (South Atlantic - Gulf) and 06 (Tennessee). This data assessment is related to studies of several major river basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which was designed to assess national water-quality trends during a common time period (1993-2004).\r\n\r\nIncluded in this report are data on which trend tests could be performed from 44 U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System (NWIS) sampling sites. The constituents examined include major ions, nutrients, and suspended sediment; the physical properties examined include pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and streamflow. Also included are data that were tested for trends from an additional 290 sites from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storage and Retrieval (STORET) database. The trend analyses of the STORET data were limited to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. Data from 48 U.S. Geological Survey NWIS sampling sites with sufficient water-quality and continuous streamflow data for estimating nutrient and sediment loads are included. \r\n\r\nThe methods of data compilation and modification used prior to performing trend tests and load estimation are described. Results of the seasonal Kendall trend test and the Tobit trend test are given for the 334 monitoring sites, and in-stream load estimates are given for the 48 monitoring sites. Basin characteristics are provided, including regional landscape variables and agricultural nutrient sources (annual variations in cropping and fertilizer use). The data and results presented in this report are in tabular format and can be downloaded and used by environmental researchers and water managers, particularly in the Southeast.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds488","usgsCitation":"Staub, E.L., Peak, K.L., Tighe, K., Sadorf, E.M., and Harned, D.A., 2010, Data Used in Analyses of Trends, and Nutrient and Suspended-Sediment Loads for Streams in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 488, Data Tables; Report: HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds488.","productDescription":"Data Tables; Report: HTML","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/488/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers, Meters, Datum","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,26.6 ], [ -89,39.15 ], [ -75.46666666666667,39.15 ], [ -75.46666666666667,26.6 ], [ -89,26.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staub, Erik L. elstaub@usgs.gov","contributorId":2244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staub","given":"Erik","email":"elstaub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peak, Kelly L.","contributorId":81056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peak","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tighe, Kirsten C.","contributorId":99930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tighe","given":"Kirsten C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sadorf, Eric M. emsadorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadorf","given":"Eric","email":"emsadorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98198,"text":"sir20095197 - 2010 - Implementation and Evaluation of the Streamflow Statistics (StreamStats) Web Application for Computing Basin Characteristics and Flood Peaks in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20095197","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5197","title":"Implementation and Evaluation of the Streamflow Statistics (StreamStats) Web Application for Computing Basin Characteristics and Flood Peaks in Illinois","docAbstract":"Illinois StreamStats (ILSS) is a Web-based application for computing selected basin characteristics and flood-peak quantiles based on the most recently (2010) published (Soong and others, 2004) regional flood-frequency equations at any rural stream location in Illinois. Limited streamflow statistics including general statistics, flow durations, and base flows also are available for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations. ILSS can be accessed on the Web at http://streamstats.usgs.gov/ by selecting the State Applications hyperlink and choosing Illinois from the pull-down menu.\r\n\r\nILSS was implemented for Illinois by obtaining and projecting ancillary geographic information system (GIS) coverages; populating the StreamStats database with streamflow-gaging station data; hydroprocessing the 30-meter digital elevation model (DEM) for Illinois to conform to streams represented in the National Hydrographic Dataset 1:100,000 stream coverage; and customizing the Web-based Extensible Markup Language (XML) programs for computing basin characteristics for Illinois. The basin characteristics computed by ILSS then were compared to the basin characteristics used in the published study, and adjustments were applied to the XML algorithms for slope and basin length. Testing of ILSS was accomplished by comparing flood quantiles computed by ILSS at a an approximately random sample of 170 streamflow-gaging stations computed by ILSS with the published flood quantile estimates. Differences between the log-transformed flood quantiles were not statistically significant at the 95-percent confidence level for the State as a whole, nor by the regions determined by each equation, except for region 1, in the northwest corner of the State. In region 1, the average difference in flood quantile estimates ranged from 3.76 percent for the 2-year flood quantile to 4.27 percent for the 500-year flood quantile. The total number of stations in region 1 was small (21) and the mean difference is not large (less than one-tenth of the average prediction error for the regression-equation estimates). The sensitivity of the flood-quantile estimates to differences in the computed basin characteristics are determined and presented in tables. A test of usage consistency was conducted by having at least 7 new users compute flood quantile estimates at 27 locations. The average maximum deviation of the estimate from the mode value at each site was 1.31 percent after four mislocated sites were removed. A comparison of manual 100-year flood-quantile computations with ILSS at 34 sites indicated no statistically significant difference. ILSS appears to be an accurate, reliable, and effective tool for flood-quantile estimates.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095197","usgsCitation":"Ishii, A., Soong, D., and Sharpe, J.B., 2010, Implementation and Evaluation of the Streamflow Statistics (StreamStats) Web Application for Computing Basin Characteristics and Flood Peaks in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5197, viii, 25 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095197.","productDescription":"viii, 25 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5197.jpg"},{"id":13442,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.51666666666667,36.96666666666667 ], [ -91.51666666666667,42.5 ], [ -87.5,42.5 ], [ -87.5,36.96666666666667 ], [ -91.51666666666667,36.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f85b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ishii, Audrey L. alishii@usgs.gov","contributorId":1818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Audrey L.","email":"alishii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98202,"text":"sir20095239 - 2010 - Groundwater Hydrology and Chemistry in and near an Emulsified Vegetable-Oil Injection Zone, Solid Waste Management Unit 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2004-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:27:49","indexId":"sir20095239","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5239","title":"Groundwater Hydrology and Chemistry in and near an Emulsified Vegetable-Oil Injection Zone, Solid Waste Management Unit 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2004-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast investigated the hydrology and groundwater chemistry in the vicinity of an emulsified vegetable-oil injection zone at Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina. In May 2004, Solutions-IES initiated a Phase-I pilot-scale treatability study at SWMU17 involving the injection of an edible oil emulsion into the aquifer near wells 17PS-01, 17PS-02, and 17PS-03 to treat chlorinated solvents. The Phase-I injection of emulsified vegetable oil resulted in dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), but the dechlorination activity appeared to stall at cDCE, with little further dechlorination of cDCE to vinyl chloride (VC) or to ethene. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the groundwater hydrology and chemistry in and near the injection zone to gain a better understanding of the apparent remediation stall. It is unlikely that the remediation stall was due to the lack of an appropriate microbial community because groundwater samples showed the presence of Dehalococcoides species (sp.) and suitable enyzmes. The probable causes of the stall were heterogeneous distribution of the injectate and development of low-pH conditions in the injection area. Because groundwater pH values in the injection area were below the range considered optimum for dechlorination activity, a series of tests was done to examine the effect on dechlorination of increasing the pH within well 17PS-02. During and following the in-well pH-adjustment tests, VC concentrations gradually increased in some wells in the injection zone that were not part of the in-well pH-adjustment tests. These data possibly reflect a gradual microbial acclimation to the low-pH conditions produced by the injection. In contrast, a distinct increase in VC concentration was observed in well 17PS-02 following the in-well pH increase. Adjustment of the pH to near-neutral values in well 17PS-02 may have made that well relatively favorable to VC production compared with much of the rest of the injection zone, possibly accounting for acceleration of VC production at that well. Following a Phase-II injection in which Solutions-IES, Inc., injected pH-buffered emulsified vegetable oil with an improved efficiency injection approach, 1,1-dichloroethene, TCE, and cDCE rapidly decreased in concentration and are now (2009) undetectable in the injection zone, with the exception of a low concentration (43 micrograms per liter, August 2009) of cDCE in well 17PS-01. In August 2009, VC was still present in groundwater at the test wells in concentrations ranging from 150 to 640 micrograms per liter. The Phase-II injection, however, appears to have locally decreased aquifer permeability, possibly resulting in movement of contamination around, rather than through, the treatment area.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095239","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., Lowery, M.A., Conlon, K.J., and Casey, C.C., 2010, Groundwater Hydrology and Chemistry in and near an Emulsified Vegetable-Oil Injection Zone, Solid Waste Management Unit 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2004-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5239, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095239.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2009-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5239.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"North Charleston","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.03333333333333,32.88333333333333 ], [ -80.03333333333333,33.03333333333333 ], [ -79.88333333333334,33.03333333333333 ], [ -79.88333333333334,32.88333333333333 ], [ -80.03333333333333,32.88333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casey, Clifton C.","contributorId":15140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98200,"text":"sir20105004 - 2010 - Interpretation of Flow Logs from Nevada Test Site Boreholes to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity Using Numerical Simulations Constrained by Single-Well Aquifer Tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105004","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5004","title":"Interpretation of Flow Logs from Nevada Test Site Boreholes to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity Using Numerical Simulations Constrained by Single-Well Aquifer Tests","docAbstract":"Hydraulic conductivities of volcanic and carbonate lithologic units at the Nevada Test Site were estimated from flow logs and aquifer-test data. Borehole flow and drawdown were integrated and interpreted using a radial, axisymmetric flow model, AnalyzeHOLE. This integrated approach is used because complex well completions and heterogeneous aquifers and confining units produce vertical flow in the annular space and aquifers adjacent to the wellbore. AnalyzeHOLE simulates vertical flow, in addition to horizontal flow, which accounts for converging flow toward screen ends and diverging flow toward transmissive intervals. Simulated aquifers and confining units uniformly are subdivided by depth into intervals in which the hydraulic conductivity is estimated with the Parameter ESTimation (PEST) software. Between 50 and 150 hydraulic-conductivity parameters were estimated by minimizing weighted differences between simulated and measured flow and drawdown. Transmissivity estimates from single-well or multiple-well aquifer tests were used to constrain estimates of hydraulic conductivity. The distribution of hydraulic conductivity within each lithology had a minimum variance because estimates were constrained with Tikhonov regularization.\r\n\r\nAnalyzeHOLE simulated hydraulic-conductivity estimates for lithologic units across screened and cased intervals are as much as 100 times less than those estimated using proportional flow-log analyses applied across screened intervals only. Smaller estimates of hydraulic conductivity for individual lithologic units are simulated because sections of the unit behind cased intervals of the wellbore are not assumed to be impermeable, and therefore, can contribute flow to the wellbore. Simulated hydraulic-conductivity estimates vary by more than three orders of magnitude across a lithologic unit, indicating a high degree of heterogeneity in volcanic and carbonate-rock units. The higher water transmitting potential of carbonate-rock units relative to volcanic-rock units is exemplified by the large difference in their estimated maximum hydraulic conductivity; 4,000 and 400 feet per day, respectively. Simulated minimum estimates of hydraulic conductivity are inexact and represent the lower detection limit of the method. Minimum thicknesses of lithologic intervals also were defined for comparing AnalyzeHOLE results to hydraulic properties in regional ground-water flow models.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105004","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., Halford, K.J., and Laczniak, R.J., 2010, Interpretation of Flow Logs from Nevada Test Site Boreholes to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity Using Numerical Simulations Constrained by Single-Well Aquifer Tests: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5004, Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendices , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105004.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Appendices ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5004.jpg"},{"id":13444,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.7,36.416666666666664 ], [ -116.7,37.36666666666667 ], [ -115.81666666666666,37.36666666666667 ], [ -115.81666666666666,36.416666666666664 ], [ -116.7,36.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98189,"text":"ofr20101014 - 2010 - Simulation of Runoff and Reservoir Inflow for Use in a Flood-Analysis Model for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, 2004-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:20:38","indexId":"ofr20101014","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1014","title":"Simulation of Runoff and Reservoir Inflow for Use in a Flood-Analysis Model for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, 2004-2006","docAbstract":"A model was developed to simulate inflow to reservoirs and watershed runoff to streams during three high-flow events between September 2004 and June 2006 for the main-stem subbasin of the Delaware River draining to Trenton, N.J. The model software is a modified version of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a modular, physically based, distributed-parameter modeling system developed to evaluate the impacts of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on surface-water runoff and general basin hydrology. The PRMS model simulates time periods associated with main-stem flooding that occurred in September 2004, April 2005, and June 2006 and uses both daily and hourly time steps. Output from the PRMS model was formatted for use as inflows to a separately documented reservoir and riverrouting model, the HEC-ResSim model, developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center to evaluate flooding. The models were integrated through a graphical user interface.\r\n\r\nThe study area is the 6,780 square-mile watershed of the Delaware River in the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York that drains to Trenton, N.J. A geospatial database was created for use with a geographic information system to assist model discretization, determine land-surface characterization, and estimate model parameters. The USGS National Elevation Dataset at 100-meter resolution, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), was used for model discretization into streams and hydrologic response units. In addition, geospatial processing was used to estimate initial model parameters from the DEM and other data layers, including land use. The model discretization represents the study area using 869 hydrologic response units and 452 stream segments. The model climate data for point stations were obtained from multiple sources. These sources included daily data for 22 National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Climate Station network stations, hourly data for 15 stations from the National Climatic Data Center, hourly data for 1 station from the NWS Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center records, and daily and hourly data for 7 stations operated by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection. The NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimate data set for 2001-2007 was used for computing daily precipitation for the model and for computing hourly precipitation for storm simulation periods.\r\n\r\nCalibration of the PRMS model included regression and optimization algorithms, as well as manual adjustments of model parameters. The general goal of the calibration procedure was to minimize the difference between discharge measured at USGS streamgages and the corresponding discharge simulated by the model. Daily streamflow data from 35 USGS streamgages were used in model calibration. The streamflow data represent areas draining from 20.2 to 6,780 square miles.\r\n\r\nThe PRMS model simulates reservoir inflow and watershed runoff for use as input into HECResSim for the purpose of evaluating and comparing the effects of different watershed conditions on main-stem flooding in the Delaware River watershed draining to Trenton, N.J. The PRMS model is useful as a planning tool to simulate the effects of land-use changes and different antecedent conditions on local runoff and reservoir inflow and, as input to the HEC-ResSim model, on flood flows in the main stem of the Delaware River. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101014","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Koerkle, E.H., Hoffman, S.A., Regan, R., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2010, Simulation of Runoff and Reservoir Inflow for Use in a Flood-Analysis Model for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, 2004-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1014, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101014.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.33333333333333,40.166666666666664 ], [ -76.33333333333333,42.5 ], [ -74.16666666666667,42.5 ], [ -74.16666666666667,40.166666666666664 ], [ -76.33333333333333,40.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f3020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koerkle, Edward H. ekoerkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koerkle","given":"Edward","email":"ekoerkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Scott A. shoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Scott","email":"shoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, R. Steve 0000-0003-4803-8596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":58736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R. Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98190,"text":"ofr20101010 - 2010 - The Quaternary Silver Creek Fault Beneath the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T10:15:27","indexId":"ofr20101010","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1010","title":"The Quaternary Silver Creek Fault Beneath the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"The northwest-trending Silver Creek Fault is a 40-km-long strike-slip fault in the eastern Santa Clara Valley, California, that has exhibited different behaviors within a changing San Andreas Fault system over the past 10-15 Ma. Quaternary alluvium several hundred meters thick that buries the northern half of the Silver Creek Fault, and that has been sampled by drilling and imaged in a detailed seismic reflection profile, provides a record of the Quaternary history of the fault. We assemble evidence from areal geology, stratigraphy, paleomagnetics, ground-water hydrology, potential-field geophysics, and reflection and earthquake seismology to determine the long history of the fault in order to evaluate its current behavior. \r\n\r\nThe fault formed in the Miocene more than 100 km to the southeast, as the southwestern fault in a 5-km-wide right step to the Hayward Fault, within which the 40-km-long Evergreen pull-apart basin formed. Later, this basin was obliquely cut by the newly recognized Mt. Misery Fault to form a more direct connection to the Hayward Fault, although continued growth of the basin was sufficient to accommodate at least some late Pliocene alluvium. Large offset along the San Andreas-Calaveras-Mt Misery-Hayward Faults carried the basin northwestward almost to its present position when, about 2 Ma, the fault system was reorganized. This led to near abandonment of the faults bounding the pull-apart basin in favor of right slip extending the Calaveras Fault farther north before stepping west to the Hayward Fault, as it does today. Despite these changes, the Silver Creek Fault experienced a further 200 m of dip slip in the early Quaternary, from which we infer an associated 1.6 km or so of right slip, based on the ratio of the 40-km length of the strike-slip fault to a 5-km depth of the Evergreen Basin. This dip slip ends at a mid-Quaternary unconformity, above which the upper 300 m of alluvial cover exhibits a structural sag at the fault that we interpret as a negative flower structure. This structure implies some continuing strike slip on the Silver Creek Fault in the late Quaternary as well, with a transtensional component but no dip slip. \r\n\r\nOur only basis for estimating the rate of this later Quaternary strike slip on the Silver Creek Fault is to assume continuation of the inferred early Quaternary rate of less than 2 mm/yr. Faulting evident in a detailed seismic reflection profile across the Silver Creek Fault extends up to the limit of data at a depth of 50 m and age of about 140 ka, and the course of Coyote Creek suggests Holocene capture in a structural depression along the fault. No surface trace is evident on the alluvial plain, however, and convincing evidence of Holocene offset is lacking. Few instrumentally recorded earthquakes are located near the fault, and those that are near its southern end represent cross-fault shortening, not strike slip. The fault might have been responsible, however, for two poorly located moderate earthquakes that occurred in the area in 1903. Its southeastern end does mark an abrupt change in the pattern of abundant instrumentally recorded earthquakes along the Calaveras Fault-in both its strike and in the depth distribution of hypocenters-that could indicate continuing influence by the Silver Creek Fault. In the absence of convincing evidence to the contrary, and as a conservative estimate, we presume that the Silver Creek Fault has continued its strike-slip movement through the Holocene, but at a very slow rate. Such a slow rate would, at most, yield very infrequent damaging earthquakes. If the 1903 earthquakes did, in fact, occur on the Silver Creek Fault, they would have greatly reduced the short-term future potential for large earthquakes on the fault. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101010","usgsCitation":"Wentworth, C.M., Williams, R., Jachens, R.C., Graymer, R.W., and Stephenson, W.J., 2010, The Quaternary Silver Creek Fault Beneath the Santa Clara Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1010, ii, 50 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101010.","productDescription":"ii, 50 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.41666666666667,37 ], [ -122.41666666666667,37.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37 ], [ -122.41666666666667,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}