In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program began a series of studies in the contiguous United States to examine the effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of streams. Small streams in the Texas Blackland Prairie level III ecoregion in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area were the focus of one of the studies. The principal objectives of the study, based on data collected in 2003-04 from 28 subbasins of the Trinity River Basin, were to (1) define a gradient of urbanization for small Blackland Prairie streams in the Trinity River Basin on the basis of a range of urban intensity indexes (UIIs) calculated using land-use/land-cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic characteristics; (2) assess the relation between this gradient of urbanization and the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams; and (3) evaluate the type of relation (that is, linear or nonlinear, and whether there was a threshold response) of the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams to the gradient of urbanization. Of 94 water-chemistry variables and one measure of potential toxicity from a bioassay, the concentrations of two pesticides (diazinon and sima-zine) and one measure of potential toxicity (P450RGS assay) from compounds sequestered in semipermeable membrane devices were significantly positively correlated with the UII. No threshold responses to the UII for diazinon and simazine concentrations were observed over the entire range of the UII scores. The linear correlation for diazinon with the UII was significant, but the linear correlation for simazine with the UII was not. No statistically significant relations between the UII and concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, or any major ions were indicated. Eleven of 59 physical variables from streamflow were significantly correlated with the UII. Temperature was not significantly correlated with the UII, and none of the physical habitat measurements were significantly correlated with the UII. Seven physical variables categorized as streamflow flashiness metrics were significantly positively correlated with the UII, two of which showed a linear but not a threshold response to the UII. Four flow-duration metrics were significantly negatively correlated with the UII, of which two showed a linear response to the UII, one showed a threshold response, and one showed neither. None of the fish metrics were significantly correlated with the UII in the Blackland Prairie streams. Two qualitative multi-habitat benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, predator richness and percentage filterer-collector richness, were significantly correlated with the UII; predator richness was negatively correlated with the UII, and percentage filterer-collector richness was positively correlated with the UII. No threshold response to the UII was observed for either metric, but both showed a significant linear response to the UII. Three richest targeted habitat (RTH) benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, Margalef's richness, predator richness, and omnivore richness were significantly negatively correlated with the UII. Margalef's richness was the only RTH metric that indicated a threshold response to the UII. The majority of unique taxa collected in the periphytic algae samples were diatoms. Six RTH periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII and five of the six showed no notable threshold response to the UII; but all five showed significant linear responses to the UII. Only the metric OT_VL_DP, which indicates the presence of algae that are tolerant of low dissolved oxygen conditions, showed a threshold response to the UII. Six depositional target habitat periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII, five of which showed no threshold response to the UII; three of the five showed significant linear responses to the UII, one showed a borderline significant
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in six metropolitan areas of the United States (Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065101C","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2009, Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065101C.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5101_c.jpg"},{"id":394048,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86419.htm"},{"id":327273,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/pdf/sir2006-5101-C.pdf"},{"id":12394,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas-Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Blackland Prairie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.2833,\n 31.6508\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 31.6508\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 33.4244\n ],\n [\n -97.2833,\n 33.4244\n ],\n [\n -97.2833,\n 31.6508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. 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Antarctica is Earth's largest reservoir of glacial ice. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet would cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m), and the potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). The mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is highly complex, responding differently to different climatic and other conditions in each region (Vaughan, 2005). In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although it is known to be thickening in the west, it is thinning in the north. The mass balance of the East Antarctic ice sheet is thought by Davis and others (2005) to be positive on the basis of the change in satellite-altimetry measurements made between 1992 and 2003. \r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the cryospheric coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) images (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images), RADARSAT images, aerial photography, and other data where available, to compare changes that occurred during a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps (I-2600) (Williams and others, 1995; Swithinbank and others, 2003a,b, 2004; Ferrigno and others, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and in press; and Williams and Ferrigno, 2005) (available online at http://www.glaciers.er.usgs.gov).\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2600C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the British Antarctic Survey, the Scott Polar Research Institute, and the Bundesamt fur Kartographie und Geodasie ","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Cook, A.J., Mathie, A., Williams, R., Swithinbank, C., Foley, K.M., Fox, A.J., Thomson, J.W., and Sievers, J., 2009, Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Palmer Land Area, Antarctica: 1947-2009 : U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, pamphlet iv, 28 p. ; map sheet (40.59 inches x 31.77 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600C.","productDescription":"pamphlet iv, 28 p. ; map sheet (40.59 inches x 31.77 inches)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1947-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2600-c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar Stereographic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80,-74 ], [ -80,-68 ], [ -57,-68 ], [ -57,-74 ], [ -80,-74 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d6bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Alison J.","contributorId":42665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathie, Amy M.","contributorId":82803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathie","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fox, Adrian J.","contributorId":68413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thomson, Janet W.","contributorId":32212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sievers, Jorn","contributorId":101753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievers","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70268184,"text":"ofr20081225 - 2008 - Alaska resource data file, new and revised records version 1.7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T13:25:08.360822","indexId":"ofr20081225","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-16T11:34:15","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1225","displayTitle":"Alaska Resource Data File, New and Revised Records Version 1.7","title":"Alaska resource data file, new and revised records version 1.7","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081225","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska resource data file, new and revised records version 1.7: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225, 2605 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081225.","productDescription":"2605 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490794,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1225/ofr20081225.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2000-1225"},{"id":490793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1225/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":940512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045798,"text":"70045798 - 2008 - Mycobacteriosis in striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:56:02.29995","indexId":"70045798","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":359,"text":"Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"displayTitle":"Mycobacteriosis in Striped Bass","title":"Mycobacteriosis in striped bass","docAbstract":"Mycobacteriosis is a bacterial disease in which striped bass (rockfish) may be disfigured as a result of skin ulcers and internal lesions. The bass may also be skinny or in extremely poor condition due to the chronic nature of this wasting disease. Stripers are a highly prized target species for both recreational anglers and commercial fishermen. As such, the economic impact of diseased and devalued fish could be significant. In addition, some of the mycobacteria that commonly infect fishes can cause infections in people and therefore are a human health concern. The total extent to which the disease is occurring along the Eastern seaboard is unknown but the disease has been reported from stripers taken from North Carolina to New York. During 1998-99, skin ulcers attributed to mycobacterial infection were observed in up to 28% of the striped bass from some Virginia tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Data obtained during 2002—2003 from fish harvested in Virginia and Maryland waters indicated that, at least in some areas, over 80% of striped bass may be infected with the mycobacteria that are associated with the disease. Given the persistence over the last 8 years of this mycobacteriosis outbreak, this does not appear to be a short-term problem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045798","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., 2008, Mycobacteriosis in striped bass: Fact Sheet, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045798.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271869,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045798/fs_bass_march2008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"138 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045798/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Original contributing office: Leetown Science Center","contact":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e4e4b023d2d75b9a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank fpanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank","email":"fpanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81004,"text":"ofr20081087 - 2008 - Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T09:59:06.667856","indexId":"ofr20081087","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-14T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1087","displayTitle":"Basin Characteristics for Selected Streamflow-Gaging Stations In and Near West Virginia","title":"Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia","docAbstract":"Basin characteristics have long been used to develop equations describing streamflow. In the past, flow equations used in West Virginia were based on a few hand-calculated basin characteristics. More recently, the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate basin characteristics from existing datasets has refined the process for developing equations to describe flow values in the Mountain State. These basin characteristics are described in this document for streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia. The GIS program developed in ArcGIS Workstation by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI?) used data that included National Elevation Dataset (NED) at 1:24,000 scale, climate data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), streamlines from the National Hydrologic Dataset (NHD), and LandSat-based land-cover data (NLCD) for the period 1999-2003. Full automation of data generation was not achieved due to some inaccuracies in the elevation dataset, as well as inaccuracies in the streamflow-gage locations retrieved from the National Water Information System (NWIS). A Pearson?s correlation examination of the data indicates that several of the basin characteristics are correlated with drainage area. However, the GIS-generated data provide a consistent and documented set of basin characteristics for resource managers and researchers to use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management and the West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Highways","usgsCitation":"Paybins, K.S., 2008, Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia (Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1087, Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Table; Version History; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081087.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Table; Version History; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10867,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":386965,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/ofr20081087_table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in West Virginia and adjacent areas of Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky"},{"id":386966,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/ofr20081087_table1.csv","text":"Table 1","size":"95.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":386963,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/ofr20081087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2008-1087"},{"id":386964,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/versionHist.txt","size":"849 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,37 ], [ -84,41 ], [ -76,41 ], [ -76,37 ], [ -84,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 E. Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Oceanographic Time-Series Measurement Database contains oceanographic observations made as part of studies designed to increase understanding of sediment transport processes and associated dynamics. Analysis of these data has contributed to more accurate prediction of the movement and fate of sediments and other suspended materials in the coastal ocean. The measurements were collected primarily by investigators at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC) and colleagues, beginning in 1975. Most of the field experiments were carried out on the U.S. continental shelf and slope.
This report describes the instrumentation and platforms used to make the measurements; the methods used to process, apply quality-control criteria, and archive the data; the data storage format, and how the data are released and distributed. The report also includes instructions on how to access the data from the online database at http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/. As of 2016, the database contains about 5,000 files, which may include observations of current velocity, wave statistics, ocean temperature, conductivity, pressure, and light transmission at one or more depths over some duration of time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071194","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, E.T., Martini, M.A., Lightsom, F.L., Butman, B., Nowacki, D.J., and Suttles, S.E., 2008, Documentation of the U.S. Geological Survey Oceanographic Time-Series Measurement Database (ver. 3.0, April 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1194, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071194.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Version History","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384733,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1194/versionHist.txt","size":"15.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":11280,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1194/index.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2007-1194","linkHelpText":"- Version 3.0"},{"id":195692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1194/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: January 2008; Version 1.1: February 2009; Version 2.0: June 2016; Version 3.0: April 2021","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
Measurement of pH is critical to the understanding of the viability and vulnerability of environmental waters and is considered a master variable in determining the aqueous geochemistry of an aqueous system. pH is a measure that represents the hydrogen-ion concentration (activity) of a solution. This section of the National Field Manual (NFM) describes U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) guidance and protocols for measurement of pH in ground and surface waters. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9, chap.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6.4","usgsCitation":"Ritz, G., and Collins, J.A., 2008, Chapter A6. Section 6.4. pH (Version 1.3): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6.4, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.4.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363012,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_Section6.4_ver1.2.pdf","text":"Report July 2003","size":"160 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Version 1.2"},{"id":363011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_6.4_ver1.3.pdf","text":"Report January 2006","size":"296 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Version 1.3"},{"id":363700,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-AO","linkHelpText":"- General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":363013,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_Section6.4.pdf","text":"Report April 1998","size":"91.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a64/twri9a_6.4_ver2.0.pdf","text":"Report","size":"194 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 9A6.4"}],"edition":"Version 1.3","contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5a68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritz, George F. ","contributorId":214882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritz","given":"George F. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, J. A.","contributorId":213074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85811,"text":"sir20085102 - 2008 - Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85811,"text":"sir20085102 - 2008 - Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania","indexId":"sir20085102","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70205087,"text":"sir20195094 - 2019 - Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania","indexId":"sir20195094","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70205087,"text":"sir20195094 - 2019 - Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania","indexId":"sir20195094","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Development of regression equations for the estimation of flood flows at ungaged streams in Pennsylvania"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T14:41:10","indexId":"sir20085102","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-28T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5102","title":"Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Regression equations were developed for estimating flood flows at selected recurrence intervals for ungaged streams in Pennsylvania with drainage areas less than 2,000 square miles. These equations were developed utilizing peak-flow data from 322 streamflow-gaging stations within Pennsylvania and surrounding states. All stations used in the development of the equations had 10 or more years of record and included active and discontinued continuous-record as well as crest-stage partial-record stations. The state was divided into four regions, and regional regression equations were developed to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence-interval flood flows. The equations were developed by means of a regression analysis that utilized basin characteristics and flow data associated with the stations. \r\n\r\nSignificant explanatory variables at the 95-percent confidence level for one or more regression equations included the following basin characteristics: drainage area; mean basin elevation; and the percentages of carbonate bedrock, urban area, and storage within a basin. The regression equations can be used to predict the magnitude of flood flows for specified recurrence intervals for most streams in the state; however, they are not valid for streams with drainage areas generally greater than 2,000 square miles or with substantial regulation, diversion, or mining activity within the basin. Estimates of flood-flow magnitude and frequency for streamflow-gaging stations substantially affected by upstream regulation are also presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Pennsylvania State Association of Township Supervisors, and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Roland, M.A., and Stuckey, M.H., 2008, Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5102, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085102.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,39 ], [ -81,42.5 ], [ -74.5,42.5 ], [ -74.5,39 ], [ -81,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5102 is superseded by Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5094.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roland, Mark A. 0000-0002-0268-6507 mroland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-6507","contributorId":2116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Mark","email":"mroland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckey, Marla H. 0000-0002-5211-8444 mstuckey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-8444","contributorId":1734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Marla","email":"mstuckey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201048,"text":"70201048 - 2008 - Assessment of 2006 and 2007 drought patterns in the vegetation drought response index across Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T09:44:43","indexId":"70201048","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-26T15:40:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of 2006 and 2007 drought patterns in the vegetation drought response index across Nebraska","docAbstract":"The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI) is a hybrid geospatial drought indicator and monitoring tool that provides timely drought severity information with relatively higher spatial resolution (1-km2) than the traditional drought monitoring maps. The VegDRI model integrates climate-based drought index data, satellite-based vegetation index information, and several biophysical parameters. During the 2008 growing season, VegDRI was produced in near-real time for 22 states in the central and western United States. Coverage will expand across the conterminous United States in 2009. Validating the results of large-area, operational monitoring tools such as VegDRI requires extensive ground truth information across space and time and to date, only a limited number of assessments of this index have been conducted. This study initiates a comprehensive assessment of historical VegDRI for two summer row crops identified using crop and irrigation masks in an effort to better characterize the accuracy and performance of this index for agricultural drought monitoring. The assessment evaluated drought severity information provided by VegDRI for Nebraska in 2006 and 2007, which represented drought and non-drought conditions over much of the state in those years, respectively. Spatial and statistical comparisons of VegDRI and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) crop yield data were conducted for both years. For this initial study, comparisons were restricted to Nebraska’s two predominant crops, corn and soybeans. Irrigated and non-irrigated row crops were analyzed separately. Preliminary results showed that non-irrigated corn yields had a stronger relationship to late-season VegDRI than non-irrigated soybeans. Moderate drought impacts in 2006 were also highlighted by this analysis.
","conferenceTitle":"Pecora 17 Symposium","conferenceDate":"November 16 - 20, 2008 ","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.F., Wardlow, B.D., Pervez, M., and Tadesse, T., 2008, Assessment of 2006 and 2007 drought patterns in the vegetation drought response index across Nebraska, Pecora 17 Symposium, Denver, CO., November 16 - 20, 2008 , CD-Rom: Paper 0009.","productDescription":"CD-Rom: Paper 0009","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1473e4b0815414ca3910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":176609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D.","contributorId":75845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":752053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004157,"text":"70004157 - 2008 - A landscape scale decision support tool for monitoring bird and bat migration across Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-05T10:16:38","indexId":"70004157","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-12T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"A landscape scale decision support tool for monitoring bird and bat migration across Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This project was initiated to begin addressing the question, “Are there patterns in timing, location, and direction among migrating landbirds?” that have been at the forefront of discussion with our Federal, State, and County partners with regard to siting wind energy projects. Our goal was to explore the use of Nexrad weather data to see if examining 5 or more years’ worth of data would provide us with a sense of the general timing, movement patterns and habitat use by migrating landbirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Suarez, M.J., Heglund, P.J., Kratt, R., and Kirsch, E., 2008, A landscape scale decision support tool for monitoring bird and bat migration across Wisconsin, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011093","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","tableOfContents":"Public Service Commission of Wisconsin
& The Statewide Energy Efficiency and Renewables
Administration
Environmental and Economic Research and
Development Program
Final Report
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563c8bb9e4b0831b7d61efe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, Manuel J. msuarez@usgs.gov","contributorId":3086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"Manuel","email":"msuarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heglund, Patricia J.","contributorId":149499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heglund","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17755,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratt, Robert 0000-0003-3314-7669 rkratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-7669","contributorId":3012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratt","given":"Robert","email":"rkratt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirsch, Eileen","contributorId":43205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70120735,"text":"70120735 - 2008 - Sediment transport measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T17:16:00.548615","indexId":"70120735","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T16:18:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"110","chapter":"5","title":"Sediment transport measurements","docAbstract":"Sediment erosion, transport, and deposition in fluvial systems are complex processes that are treated in detail in other sections of this book. Development of methods suitable for the collection of data that contribute to understanding these processes is a still-evolving science. Sediment and ancillary data are fundamental requirements for the proper management of river systems, including the design of structures, the determination of aspects of stream behavior, ascertaining the probable effect of removing an existing structure, estimation of bulk erosion, transport, and sediment delivery to the oceans, ascertaining the long-term usefulness of reservoirs and other public works, tracking movement of solid-phase contaminants, restoration of degraded or otherwise modified streams, and assistance in the calibration and validation of numerical models.
This chapter presents techniques for measuring bed-material properties and suspended and bed-load discharges. Well-established and relatively recent, yet adequately tested, sampling equipment and methodologies, with designs that are guided by sound physical and statistical principles, are described. Where appropriate, the theory behind the development of the equipment and guidelines for its use are presented.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentation engineering: Processes, measurements, modeling, and practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784408148.ch05","usgsCitation":"Diplas, P., Kuhnle, R., Gray, J., Glysson, D., and Edwards, T., 2008, Sediment transport measurements, chap. 5 of Sedimentation engineering: Processes, measurements, modeling, and practice, p. 307-353, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784408148.ch05.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed8e4b0bfa1f993f015","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":114196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509946,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Diplas, P.","contributorId":108411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diplas","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuhnle, R.","contributorId":71897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhnle","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, J.","contributorId":100683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glysson, D.","contributorId":98649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, T.","contributorId":59743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120727,"text":"70120727 - 2008 - Estimating sediment discharge: Appendix D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T16:25:39","indexId":"70120727","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T16:07:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"110","title":"Estimating sediment discharge: Appendix D","docAbstract":"Sediment-discharge measurements usually are available on a discrete or periodic basis. However, estimates of sediment transport often are needed for unmeasured periods, such as when daily or annual sediment-discharge values are sought, or when estimates of transport rates for unmeasured or hypothetical flows are required. Selected methods for estimating suspended-sediment, bed-load, bed- material-load, and total-load discharges have been presented in some detail elsewhere in this volume. The purposes of this contribution are to present some limitations and potential pitfalls associated with obtaining and using the requisite data and equations to estimate sediment discharges and to provide guidance for selecting appropriate estimating equations.
Records of sediment discharge are derived from data collected with sufficient frequency to obtain reliable estimates for the computational interval and period. Most sediment- discharge records are computed at daily or annual intervals based on periodically collected data, although some partial records represent discrete or seasonal intervals such as those for flood periods. The method used to calculate sediment- discharge records is dependent on the types and frequency of available data. Records for suspended-sediment discharge computed by methods described by Porterfield (1972) are most prevalent, in part because measurement protocols and computational techniques are well established and because suspended sediment composes the bulk of sediment dis- charges for many rivers. Discharge records for bed load, total load, or in some cases bed-material load plus wash load are less common.
Reliable estimation of sediment discharges presupposes that the data on which the estimates are based are comparable and reliable. Unfortunately, data describing a selected characteristic of sediment were not necessarily derived—collected, processed, analyzed, or interpreted—in a consistent manner. For example, bed-load data collected with different types of bed-load samplers may not be comparable (Gray et al. 1991; Childers 1999; Edwards and Glysson 1999). The total suspended solids (TSS) analytical method tends to produce concentration data from open-channel flows that are biased low with respect to their paired suspended-sediment concentration values, particularly when sand-size material composes more than about a quarter of the material in suspension. Instantaneous sediment-discharge values based on TSS data may differ from the more reliable product of suspended- sediment concentration values and the same water-discharge data by an order of magnitude (Gray et al. 2000; Bent et al. 2001; Glysson et al. 2000; 2001). An assessment of data comparability and reliability is an important first step in the estimation of sediment discharges.
There are two approaches to obtaining values describing sediment loads in streams. One is based on direct measurement of the quantities of interest, and the other on relations developed between hydraulic parameters and sediment- transport potential. In the next sections, the most common techniques for both approaches are briefly addressed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentation engineering: processes, measurements, modeling, and practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Simões, F., 2008, Estimating sediment discharge: Appendix D, chap. of Sedimentation engineering: processes, measurements, modeling, and practice, p. 1065-1086.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ecee4b0bfa1f993ef48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simões, Francisco J. M.","contributorId":23855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simões","given":"Francisco J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047867,"text":"ds383C - 2008 - National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01) Tile 3, Southwest United States: NLCD01_3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T13:59:56","indexId":"ds383C","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-30T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"383","chapter":"C","title":"National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01) Tile 3, Southwest United States: NLCD01_3","docAbstract":"This 30-meter data set represents land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for the 2001 time period. The data have been arranged into four tiles to facilitate timely display and manipulation within a Geographic Information System (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-partition.jpg).The National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land Cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution. For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer and others (2004), (see: http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp). The NLCD 2001 was created by partitioning the United States into mapping zones. A total of 68 mapping zones (see http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nlcd01-mappingzones.jpg), were delineated within the conterminous United States based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge-matching features, and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics. Mapping zones encompass the whole or parts of several states. Questions about the NLCD mapping zones can be directed to the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Mapping Team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds383C","usgsCitation":"LaMotte, A., 2008, National Land Cover Database 2001 (NLCD01) Tile 3, Southwest United States: NLCD01_3: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 383, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds383C.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277111,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nlcd01_3.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.305923,22.736542 ], [ -123.305923,39.874012 ], [ -97.818040,39.874012 ], [ -97.818040,22.736542 ], [ -123.305923,22.736542 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1beae4b0f8bf2b07614c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew","contributorId":70006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045285,"text":"70045285 - 2008 - Estimating pore-space gas hydrate saturations from well log acoustic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T14:07:28","indexId":"70045285","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating pore-space gas hydrate saturations from well log acoustic data","docAbstract":"Relating pore-space gas hydrate saturation to sonic velocity data is important for remotely estimating gas hydrate concentration in sediment. In the present study, sonic velocities of gas hydrate–bearing sands are modeled using a three-phase Biot-type theory in which sand, gas hydrate, and pore fluid form three homogeneous, interwoven frameworks. This theory is developed using well log compressional and shear wave velocity data from the Mallik 5L-38 permafrost gas hydrate research well in Canada and applied to well log data from hydrate-bearing sands in the Alaskan permafrost, Gulf of Mexico, and northern Cascadia margin. Velocity-based gas hydrate saturation estimates are in good agreement with Nuclear Magneto Resonance and resistivity log estimates over the complete range of observed gas hydrate saturations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002081","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Waite, W., 2008, Estimating pore-space gas hydrate saturations from well log acoustic data: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 7, Q07008; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002081.","productDescription":"Q07008; 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-003367","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2327","text":"External Repository"},{"id":272203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd580ce4b0b290850f7d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045663,"text":"70045663 - 2008 - Exploration review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T08:49:08","indexId":"70045663","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration review","docAbstract":"This summary of international mineral exploration activities for the year 2007 draws upon available information from industry, literature and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) specialists. 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These archival products supplement direct access to current and historical water data provided by NWISWeb. Beginning with Water Year 2006, annual water data reports are available as individual electronic Site Data Sheets for the entire Nation for retrieval, download, and localized printing on demand. National distribution includes tabular and map interfaces for search, query, display and download of data. From 1962 until 2005, reports were published by State as paper documents, although most reports since the mid-1990s are also available in electronic form through this web page. Reports prior to 1962 were published in occasional USGS Water-Supply Papers and other reports.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdr2008","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Water-resources data for the United States: water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report 2008, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdr2008.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr2008.jpg"},{"id":269334,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/"},{"id":269333,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2008/search.jsp"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5142f18be4b073a963ff661d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042764,"text":"pp171312 - 2008 - A four-dimensional petroleum systems model for the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 12 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T11:54:34","indexId":"pp171312","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713-12","title":"A four-dimensional petroleum systems model for the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 12 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California","docAbstract":"A calibrated numerical model depicts the geometry and three-dimensional (3-D) evolution of petroleum systems through time (4-D) in a 249 x 309 km (155 x 192 mi) area covering all of the San Joaquin Basin Province of California. Model input includes 3-D structural and stratigraphic data for key horizons and maps of unit thickness, lithology, paleobathymetry, heat flow, original total organic carbon, and original Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen index for each source rock. The four principal petroleum source rocks in the basin are the Miocene Antelope shale of Graham and Williams (1985; hereafter referred to as Antelope shale), the Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation, the Eocene Tumey formation of Atwill (1935; hereafter referred to as Tumey formation), and the Cretaceous to Paleocene Moreno Formation. Due to limited Rock-Eval/total organic carbon data, the Tumey formation was modeled using constant values of original total organic carbon and original hydrogen index. Maps of original total organic carbon and original hydrogen index were created for the other three source rocks. The Antelope shale was modeled using Type IIS kerogen kinetics, whereas Type II kinetics were used for the other source rocks. Four-dimensional modeling and geologic field evidence indicate that maximum burial of the three principal Cenozoic source rocks occurred in latest Pliocene to Holocene time. For example, a 1-D extraction of burial history from the 4-D model in the Tejon depocenter shows that the bottom of the Antelope shale source rock began expulsion (10 percent transformation ratio) about 4.6 Ma and reached peak expulsion (50 percent transformation ratio) about 3.6 Ma. Except on the west flank of the basin, where steep dips in outcrop and seismic data indicate substantial uplift, little or no section has been eroded. Most petroleum migration occurred during late Cenozoic time in distinct stratigraphic intervals along east-west pathways from pods of active petroleum source rock in the Tejon and Buttonwillow depocenters to updip sandstone reservoirs. Satisfactory runs of the model required about 18 hours of computation time for each simulation using parallel processing on a Linux-based cluster.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (PP 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp171312","usgsCitation":"Peters, K., Magoon, L.B., Lampe, C., Scheirer, A.H., Lillis, P.G., and Gautier, D.L., 2008, A four-dimensional petroleum systems model for the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: Chapter 12 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713-12, Chapter 12: 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp171312.","productDescription":"Chapter 12: 35 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_12.jpg"},{"id":266299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/12/pp1713_ch12.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 12 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California. Please see Professional Paper 1713 for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51011472e4b033b1feeb2bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Kenneth E.","contributorId":10897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Kenneth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":472204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lampe, Carolyn","contributorId":21840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheirer, Allegra Hosford","contributorId":93985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","middleInitial":"Hosford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045167,"text":"70045167 - 2008 - Finite-fault analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake using Pnl waveforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T14:57:47","indexId":"70045167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-fault analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake using Pnl waveforms","docAbstract":"We apply a kinematic finite-fault inversion scheme to Pnl displacement waveforms recorded at 14 regional stations (Δ<2°) to recover the distribution of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake using both synthetic Green’s functions (SGFs) calculated for one-dimensional (1D) crustal-velocity models and empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) based on the recordings of a single Mw 5.0 aftershock. Slip is modeled on a rectangular fault subdivided into 2×2 km subfaults assuming a constant rupture velocity and a 0.5 sec rise time. A passband filter of 0.1–0.5 Hz is applied to both data and subfault responses prior to waveform inversion. The SGF inversions are performed such that the final seismic moment is consistent with the known magnitude (Mw 6.0) of the earthquake. For these runs, it is difficult to reproduce the entire Pnl waveform due to inaccuracies in the assumed crustal structure. Also, the misfit between observed and predicted vertical waveforms is similar in character for different rupture velocities, indicating that neither the rupture velocity nor the exact position of slip sources along the fault can be uniquely identified. The pattern of coseismic slip, however, compares well with independent source models derived using other data types, indicating that the SGF inversion procedure provides a general first-order estimate of the 2004 Parkfield rupture using the vertical Pnl records. The best-constrained slip model is obtained using the single-aftershock EGF approach. In this case, the waveforms are very well reproduced for both vertical and horizontal components, suggesting that the method provides a powerful tool for estimating the distribution of coseismic slip using the regional Pnl waveforms. The inferred slip model shows a localized patch of high slip (55 cm peak) near the hypocenter and a larger slip area (~50 cm peak) extending between 6 and 20 km to the northwest.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120080111","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., and Hartzell, S., 2008, Finite-fault analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake using Pnl waveforms: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 6, p. 2746-2755, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080111.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2746","endPage":"2755","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-006329","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272281,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080111"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.452654,35.879686 ], [ -120.452654,35.919686 ], [ -120.412654,35.919686 ], [ -120.412654,35.879686 ], [ -120.452654,35.879686 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5966e4b0b290850f8ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045585,"text":"70045585 - 2008 - Development of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T09:57:14","indexId":"70045585","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response)","docAbstract":"The Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System plays a primary alerting role for global earthquake disasters as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) response protocol. We provide an overview of the PAGER system, both of its current capabilities and our ongoing research and development. PAGER monitors the USGS’s near real-time U.S. and global earthquake origins and automatically identifies events that are of societal importance, well in advance of ground-truth or news accounts. Current PAGER notifications and Web pages estimate the population exposed to each seismic intensity level. In addition to being a useful indicator of potential impact, PAGER’s intensity/exposure display provides a new standard in the dissemination of rapid earthquake information. We are currently developing and testing a more comprehensive alert system that will include casualty estimates. This is motivated by the idea that an estimated range of possible number of deaths will aid in decisions regarding humanitarian response. Underlying the PAGER exposure and loss models are global earthquake ShakeMap shaking estimates, constrained as quickly as possible by finite-fault modeling and observed ground motions and intensities, when available. Loss modeling is being developed comprehensively with a suite of candidate models that range from fully empirical to largely analytical approaches. Which of these models is most appropriate for use in a particular earthquake depends on how much is known about local building stocks and their vulnerabilities. A first-order country-specific global building inventory has been developed, as have corresponding vulnerability functions. For calibrating PAGER loss models, we have systematically generated an Atlas of 5,000 ShakeMaps for significant global earthquakes during the last 36 years. For many of these, auxiliary earthquake source and shaking intensity data are also available. Refinements to the loss models are ongoing. Fundamental to such an alert system, we are also developing computational and communications infrastructure for rapid and robust operations and worldwide notifications. PAGER’s methodologies and datasets are being developed in an open environment to support other loss estimation efforts and provide avenues for outside collaboration and critique.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEM","usgsCitation":"Wald, D., Earle, P., Allen, T., Jaiswal, K., Porter, K., and Hearne, M., 2008, Development of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response), in The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178fee7e4b0d842c705f6f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earle, P.S.","contributorId":17011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, T.I.","contributorId":6659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaiswal, K.","contributorId":89260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Porter, K.","contributorId":14930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hearne, M.","contributorId":86873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043456,"text":"70043456 - 2008 - Thiamine Deficiency Complex Workshop final report: November 6-7, 2008, Ann Arbor, MI","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-31T14:20:38","indexId":"70043456","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":208,"text":"Research Status Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Thiamine Deficiency Complex Workshop final report: November 6-7, 2008, Ann Arbor, MI","docAbstract":"Fry mortality which was first observed in the late 1960s in Great Lakes salmonines and in Baltic Sea salmon in 1974 has now been linked to thiamine deficiency (historically referred to as Early Mortality Syndrome, or EMS and M74, respectively). Over the past 14 years significant strides have been made in our understanding of this perplexing problem. It is now known that thiamine deficiency causes embryonic mortality in these salmonids. Both overt mortality and secondary effects of thiamine deficiency are observed in juvenile and adult animals. Collectively the morbidity and mortality (fry and adult mortality, secondary metabolic and behavior affects in juveniles and adult fish) are referred to as Thiamine Deficiency Complex (TDC). A workshop was held in Ann Arbor, MI on 6-7 November 2008 that brought together 38 federal, state, provincial, tribal and university scientists to share information, present data and discuss the latest observations on thiamine status of aquatic animals with thiamine deficiency and the causative agent, thiaminase. Twenty presentations (13 oral and 7 posters) detailed current knowledge. In Lake Huron, low alewife Alosa pseudoharengus abundance has persisted and egg thiamine concentrations in salmonines continue to increase, along with evidence of natural reproduction in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Lake Michigan Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha appear to have a lower thiamine requirement than other salmonids in the lake. Lake Ontario American eel Anguilla rostrata foraging on alewife have approximately one third the muscle thiamine compared to eels not feeding on alewife, suggesting that eels may be suffering from thiamine deficiency. Secondary effects of low thiamine exist in Great Lakes salmonines and should not be ignored. Thiaminase activity in dreissenid mussels is extremely high but a connection to TDC has not been made. Thiaminase in net plankton was found more consistently in lakes Michigan and Ontario than other lakes evaluated. The biological role of thiaminase I, associated with thiamine deficiency, remains to be determined whereas thiaminase II has been reported to be part of a salvage pathway leading to thiamine synthesis. The use of gene array technology and 3-dimensional histology is adding new understanding to the affects of thiamine deficiency. Research is needed to determine the thiamine status of species feeding on dreissenids, the environmental sources of thiaminase and the biological role of thiaminase I.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Honeyfield, D.C., Tillitt, D.E., and Riley, S., 2008, Thiamine Deficiency Complex Workshop final report: November 6-7, 2008, Ann Arbor, MI: Research Status Report, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012780","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273047,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/research/reports/2008_TDC_workshop.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a9c690e4b0140a577ae6f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honeyfield, Dale C. 0000-0003-3034-2047 honeyfie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":2774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"Dale","email":"honeyfie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C.","contributorId":84183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042063,"text":"70042063 - 2008 - Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:18:39","indexId":"70042063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review","docAbstract":"Metals pollution in surface waters from point and non-point sources (NPS) is a widespread problem in the United States and worldwide (Lofts et al., 2007; USEPA, 2007). In the western United States, metals associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) from hardrock mines in mountainous areas impact aquatic ecosystems and human health (USEPA, 1997a; Caruso and Ward, 1998; Church et al., 2007). Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds is sometimes needed for assessment and restoration of surface waters, including mining-impacted streams (Runkel and Kimball, 2002; Caruso, 2003; Velleux et al., 2006). The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP; Wool et al., 2001), developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is an example of a model used for such analyses. Other approaches exist and appropriate model selection depends on site characteristics, data availability and modelling objectives. However, there are a wide range of assumptions, input parameters, data requirements and gaps, and calibration and validation issues that must be addressed by model developers, users and decision makers. Despite substantial work on model development, their successful application has been more limited because they are not often used by decision makers for stream and watershed assessment and restoration. Bringing together scientists, model developers, users and decision makers should stimulate the development of appropriate models and improve the applicability of their results. To address these issues, the USEPA Office of Research and Development and Region 8 (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming) hosted a workshop in Denver, Colorado on February 13–14, 2007. The workshop brought together approximately 35 experts from government, academia and consulting to address the state of the art for modelling metals fate and transport, knowledge gaps and future directions in metals modelling. It focused on modelling metals in high-altitude streams, rivers and watersheds impacted by mine waste that are common in the western United States and require remediation. For example, there are over 100 000 abandoned or inactive mining sites across the United States, encompassing over 500 000 acres of land that may eventually require characterization and remediation, including the possible application of stream or watershed metals fate and transport modelling (USEPA, 1997a). This article provides a general overview of the state of the science on modelling metals fate and transport in streams and watersheds, including a review of presentations and discussions at the USEPA workshop. It builds on previous summaries of metals fate and transport models in aquatic systems, including USEPA (1997b, 2007), Allen (2002), Paquin et al. (2003), Nordstrom (2004) and Maest et al. (2005).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7114","usgsCitation":"Caruso, B., Cox, T., Runkel, R.L., Velleux, M., Bencala, K.E., Nordstrom, D.K., Julien, P., Butler, B.A., Alpers, C.N., Marion, A., and Smith, K.S., 2008, Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 19, p. 4011-4021, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7114.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4011","endPage":"4021","temporalStart":"2007-02-13","temporalEnd":"2007-02-14","ipdsId":"IP-008246","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264974,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.21,39.54 ], [ -105.21,40.0 ], [ -104.49,40.0 ], [ -104.49,39.54 ], [ -105.21,39.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d16ae4b0a4aa5bb0b27b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caruso, B.S.","contributorId":82999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, T.J.","contributorId":98121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velleux, M.L.","contributorId":46852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velleux","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Julien, P.Y.","contributorId":36820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julien","given":"P.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Butler, B. A.","contributorId":49425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marion, A.","contributorId":40487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70038006,"text":"70038006 - 2008 - Discrimination of lichen genera and species using element concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-24T13:35:53.975591","indexId":"70038006","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2616,"text":"Lichenologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination of lichen genera and species using element concentrations","docAbstract":"The importance of organic chemistry in the classification of lichens is well established, but inorganic chemistry has been largely overlooked. Six lichen species were studied over a period of 23 years that were growing in 11 protected areas of the northern Great Lakes ecoregion, which were not greatly influenced by anthropogenic particulates or gaseous air pollutants. The elemental data from these studies were aggregated in order to test the hypothesis that differences among species in tissue element concentrations were large enough to discriminate between taxa faithfully. Concentrations of 16 chemical elements that were found in tissue samples from Cladonia rangiferina, Evernia mesomorpha, Flavopunctelia flaventior, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata, and Punctelia rudecta were analyzed statistically using multivariate discriminant functions and CART analyses, as well as t-tests. Genera and species were clearly separated in element space, and elemental discriminant functions were able to classify 91-100 of the samples correctly into species. At the broadest level, a Zn concentration of 51 ppm in tissues of four of the lichen species effectively discriminated foliose from fruticose species. Similarly, a S concentration of 680 ppm discriminated C. rangiferina and E. mesomorpha, and a Ca concentration of 10 436 ppm discriminated H. physodes from P. sulcata. For the three parmelioid species, a Ca concentration >32 837 ppm discriminated Punctelia rudecta from the other two species, while a Zn concentration of 56 ppm discriminated Parmelia sulcata from F. flaventior. Foliose species also had higher concentrations than did fruticose species of all elements except Na. Elemental signatures for each of the six species were developed using standardized means. Twenty-four mechanisms explaining the differences among species are summarized. Finally, the relationships of four species based on element concentrations, using additive-trees clustering of a Euclidean-distance matrix, produced identical relationships as did analyses based on secondary product chemistry that used additive-trees clustering of a Jaccard similarity matrix. At least for these six species, element composition has taxonomic significance, and may be useful for discriminating other taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"The British Lichen Society","doi":"10.1017/S0024282908007445","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 2008, Discrimination of lichen genera and species using element concentrations: Lichenologist, v. 40, no. 2, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282908007445.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -92.1533203125,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -89.2529296875,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -77.9150390625,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 46.55886030311719\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 49.781264058178365\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 50.00773901463687\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 49.696061819115634\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 49.49667452747045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01fbe4b0c8380cd4fe20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038408,"text":"fs20083042 - 2008 - Streamflow of 2007--Water year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-26T01:01:37","indexId":"fs20083042","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3042","title":"Streamflow of 2007--Water year summary","docAbstract":"The maps and graphs appearing in this summary describe streamflow conditions for water-year 2007 (October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007) in the context of the 78-year period 1930-2007, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program. The period 1930-2007 was used because prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.\r\nIn the summary, reference is made to the term \"runoff,\" which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a single year was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation's rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another. The runoff value for a geographic area is computed as the median runoff value for all streamgages in that geographic area. For example, the runoff value for a State is the median for all streamgages in that State, and the median for the Nation is the median value for all streamgages in the Nation.\r\nEach of the maps and graphs below can be expanded to a larger view by clicking on the image. In all the graphics, a rank of 1 indicates the highest flow of all years analyzed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083042","usgsCitation":"Xiaodong, J., Wolock, D.M., and Lins, H.F., 2008, Streamflow of 2007--Water year summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3042, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083042.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3042.gif"},{"id":256936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b10e4b08c986b31cc66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiaodong, Jian","contributorId":10260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiaodong","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037969,"text":"70037969 - 2008 - Topographic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037969","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Topographic mapping","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produced its first topographic map in 1879, the same year it was established. Today, more than 100 years and millions of map copies later, topographic mapping is still a central activity for the USGS. The topographic map remains an indispensable tool for government, science, industry, and leisure. Much has changed since early topographers traveled the unsettled West and carefully plotted the first USGS maps by hand. Advances in survey techniques, instrumentation, and design and printing technologies, as well as the use of aerial photography and satellite data, have dramatically improved mapping coverage, accuracy, and efficiency. Yet cartography, the art and science of mapping, may never before have undergone change more profound than today.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70037969","collaboration":"Archived Publication--Most of the information contained in this publication is no longer current and is not expected to be updated.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Topographic mapping: General Information Product, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70037969.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254441,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/topomapping/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb4d2e4b08c986b326576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038741,"text":"70038741 - 2008 - Isotopic evidence for the diversity of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Glaciogenic and nonglaciogenic sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"70038741","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evidence for the diversity of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Glaciogenic and nonglaciogenic sources","docAbstract":"Pb isotope compositions of detrital K-feldspars and U-Pb ages of detrital zircons are used as indicators for determining the sources of Peoria Loess deposited during the last glacial period (late Wisconsin, ca. 25–14 ka) in Nebraska and western Iowa. Our new data indicate that only loess adjacent to the Platte River has Pb isotopic characteristics suggesting derivation from this river. Most Peoria Loess in central Nebraska (up to 20 m thick) is non-glaciogenic, on the basis of Pb isotope ratios in K-feldspars and the presence of 34-Ma detrital zircons. These isotopic characteristics suggest derivation primarily from the Oligocene White River Group in southern South Dakota, western Nebraska, southeastern Wyoming, and northeastern Colorado. The occurrence of 10–25 Ma detrital zircons suggests additional minor contributions of silt from the Oligocene-Miocene Arikaree Group and Miocene Ogallala Group. Isotopic data from detrital K-feldspar and zircon grains from Peoria Loess deposits in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa suggest that the immediate source of this loess was alluvium of the Missouri River. We conclude that this silt probably is of glaciogenic origin, primarily derived from outwash from the western margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Identification of the White River Group as the main provenance of Peoria Loess of central Nebraska and the Missouri River valley as the immediate source of western Iowa Peoria Loess indicates that paleowind directions during the late Wisconsin were primarily from the northwest and west, in agreement with earlier studies of particle size and loess thickness variation. In addition, the results are in agreement with recent simulations of non-glaciogenic dust sources from linked climate-vegetation modeling, suggesting dry, windy, and minimally vegetated areas in parts of the Great Plains during the last glacial period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B26222.1","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Muhs, D.R., Bettis, E., Johnson, W.C., Fanning, C., and Benton, R., 2008, Isotopic evidence for the diversity of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Glaciogenic and nonglaciogenic sources: GSA Bulletin, v. 120, no. 11-12, p. 1362-1377, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26222.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1362","endPage":"1377","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26222.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","volume":"120","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3faee4b0c8380cd64718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. 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