As part of tagging and ecologic research efforts in 1997 and 1998, apparently healthy sea otters of four age-sex classes in six locations in Alaska and three in California were sampled for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other chemicals of ecologic or environmental concern (COECs). Published techniques for the detection of POPs (specifically Σpolychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], ΣDDTs, Σhexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs], Σpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], Σchlordanes [CHLs], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], dieldrin, and mirex) in the tissue of dead otters were modified for use with serum from live sea otters. Toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for POPs with proven bioactivity. Strong location effects were seen for most POPs and COECs; sea otters in California generally showed higher mean concentrations than those in Alaska. Differences in contaminant concentrations were detected among age and sex classes, with high levels frequently observed in subadults. Very high levels of ΣDDT were detected in male sea otters in Elkhorn Slough, California, where strong freshwater outflow from agricultural areas occurs seasonally. All contaminants except mirex differed among Alaskan locations; only ΣDDT, HCB, and chlorpyrifos differed within California. High levels of ΣPCB (particularly larger, more persistent congeners) were detected at two locations in Alaska where associations between elevated PCBs and military activity have been established, while higher PCB levels were found at all three locations in California where no point source of PCBs has been identified. Although POP and COEC concentrations in blood may be less likely to reflect total body burden, concentrations in blood of healthy animals may be more biologically relevant and less influenced by state of nutrition or perimortem factors than other tissues routinely sampled.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":851232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dodd, Erin","contributorId":91058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodd","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ziccardi, Michael H.","contributorId":16677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziccardi","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70209190,"text":"70209190 - 2010 - Historical seismograms for unravelling a mysterious earthquake: The 1907 Sumatra Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:35:19","indexId":"70209190","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T09:24:57","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical seismograms for unravelling a mysterious earthquake: The 1907 Sumatra Earthquake","docAbstract":"History of instrumental seismology is short. Seismograms are available only for a little more than 100 years; high-quality seismograms are available only for the last 50 years and the seismological database is very limited in time. To extend the database, seismograms of old events are of vital importance. Many unusual earthquakes are known to have occurred, but their seismological characteristics are poorly known. The 1907 Sumatra earthquake is one of them (1907 January 4, M= 7.6). Gutenberg and Richter located this event in the outer-rise area of the Sunda arc. This earthquake is known to be anomalous because of its extensive tsunami, which is disproportionate of its magnitude. The tsunami affected the coastal areas over 950 km along the Sumatran coast. We investigated this earthquake using the historical seismograms we could collect from several seismological observatories. We examined the P-wave arrival times listed in the Strassburg Bulletin (1912) and other station bulletins. The scatter of the Observed−Computed traveltime residuals ranges from –30 to 30 s, too large to locate the event accurately. The uncertainty of the epicentre estimated from an S-P grid-search relocation study is at least 1° (∼110 km). We interpreted the Omori seismograms from Osaka, Mizusawa and Tokyo, and the Wiechert seismograms from Göttingen and Uppsala by comparing them with the seismograms simulated from modern broad-band seismograms of the 2002, 2008 and two 2010 Sumatra earthquakes which occurred near the 1907 earthquake. From the amplitude of Rayleigh waves recorded on the Omori seismograms we conclude that the magnitude of the 1907 earthquake at about 30 to 40 s is about 7.8 (i.e. 7.5 to 8.0). The SH waveforms recorded on the Göttingen and Uppsala seismograms suggest that the 1907 earthquake is a thrust earthquake at a shallow depth around 30 km. The most likely scenario is that the 1907 earthquake initiated on the subduction interface, and slowly ruptured up-dip into the shallow sediments and caused the extensive tsunami. Although their quantity and quality are limited, historical seismograms provide key quantitative information about old events that cannot be obtained otherwise. This underscores the importance of preserving historical seismograms.
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The use of this dual inner-outer scale parameterization (with inner parameters constituting multipliers for outer parameters) allowed smooth transition of hydraulic conductivity from the site scale, where greater spatial variability of hydraulic properties exists, to the regional scale where less spatial variability was necessary for model calibration. While the model is highly parameterized to accommodate potential aquifer heterogeneity, the total number of pilot points is kept at a minimum to enable reasonable calibration run times.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"PEST Conference 2009 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"PEST Conference","conferenceDate":"2009-11-02T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Potomac, MD","language":"English","publisher":"S.S. 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We examined three P fractions including labile, moderately labile, and occluded as determined by a modified Hedley fractionation technique. The P fractions were compared to texture measurements and total elemental concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Labile P related to the absence of materials involved in P sorption. Moderately labile P was most strongly associated with high total Al & Fe content that we interpret to represent oxides and 1:1 clay minerals. The occluded P fraction was strongly associated with low total Al & Fe environments and interpreted to represent 2:1 clay minerals where ligand exchange tightly sequesters P. The results indicate that the controls on P fraction distribution are initially closely tied to the chemical and physical properties of the bedrock units that contribute to soil formation. Further, these results suggest that the progression of stabilized P forms in dryland areas differs from the progression observed in mesic environments. Soil development in dryland settings, such as the formation of pedogenic carbonates, may lead to differing controls on P availability and the proportional size of the moderately labile fraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9408-7","usgsCitation":"Buckingham, S.E., Neff, J., Titiz-Maybach, B., and Reynolds, R.L., 2010, Chemical and textural controls on phosphorus mobility in drylands of southeastern Utah: Biogeochemistry, v. 100, p. 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9408-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.5499267578125,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -109.12170410156249,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -109.12170410156249,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -110.5499267578125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -110.5499267578125,\n 37.483576550426996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckingham, Susan E.","contributorId":184077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckingham","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, Jason","contributorId":167084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":6709,"text":"University of Colorado, Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titiz-Maybach, Behan","contributorId":224205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titiz-Maybach","given":"Behan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":147880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043523,"text":"70043523 - 2010 - To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T18:15:05.312539","indexId":"70043523","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T10:44:13","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager’s conundrum","docAbstract":"This is the second progress report detailing the research about Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) and fire which has been ongoing for two years. We highlight the further results from three components of the study: 1) Susceptibility of different habitats to invasion of Oriental bittersweet, 2) The impact of fire on established individuals of Oriental bittersweet, and 3) Modeling Oriental bittersweet invasion proliferation and presence on the basis of fire history and vegetation.
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2010 - Assessing survival of Mid-Columbia River released juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam, Washington, 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1237","title":"Assessing survival of Mid-Columbia River released juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam, Washington, 2008-09","docAbstract":" Few studies have evaluated survival of juvenile salmon over long river reaches in the Columbia River and information regarding the survival of sockeye salmon at lower Columbia River dams is lacking. To address these information gaps, the U.S. Geological Survey was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to evaluate the possibility of using tagged fish released in the Mid-Columbia River to assess passage and survival at and downstream of McNary Dam. Using the acoustic telemetry systems already in place for a passage and survival study at McNary Dam, fish released from the tailraces of Wells, Rocky Reach, Rock Island, Wanapum, and Priest Rapids Dams were detected at McNary Dam and at the subsequent downstream arrays. These data were used to generate route-specific survival probabilities using single-release models from fish released in the Mid-Columbia River.\r\nWe document trends in passage and survival probabilities at McNary Dam for yearling Chinook and sockeye salmon and juvenile steelhead released during studies in the Mid-Columbia River. Trends in the survival and passage of these juvenile salmonid species are presented and discussed. However, comparisons made across years and between study groups are not possible because of differences in the source of the test fish, the type of acoustic tags used, the absence of the use of passive integrated transponder tags in some of the release groups, differences in tagging and release protocols, annual differences in dam operations and configurations, differences in how the survival models were constructed (that is, number of routes that could be estimated given the number of fish detected), and the number and length of reaches included in the analysis (downstream reach length and arrays). Despite these differences, the data we present offer a unique opportunity to examine the migration behavior and survival of a group of fish that otherwise would not be studied. This is particularly true for sockeye salmon because little information is available about their survival as they pass hydroelectric dams in the lower Columbia River.\r\nCollecting information on fish released in the Mid-Columbia River, as well as on fish released 8 kilometers upstream of McNary Dam, allowed us to evaluate similarities and differences in passage and survival probabilities. In general, juvenile salmonids released in the Mid-Columbia River and detected at and downstream of McNary Dam showed trends in passage and survival probabilities that were similar to fish released 8 kilometers upstream of McNary Dam. This suggests that increased migration time or length of migration had little effect on behavior and survival of Mid-Columbia River released juvenile salmonids detected at McNary Dam.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Evans, S.D., Walker, C.E., Brewer, S.J., and Adams, N.S., 2010, Assessing survival of Mid-Columbia River released juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam, Washington, 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1237, vi, 48 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101237.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1237.jpg"},{"id":14159,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,45.5 ], [ -121,48.25 ], [ -117,48.25 ], [ -117,45.5 ], [ -121,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6726c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Christopher E.","contributorId":65938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewer, Scott J. sbrewer@usgs.gov","contributorId":4407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Scott","email":"sbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98748,"text":"ofr20101232 - 2010 - Stratiform chromite deposit model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101232","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1232","title":"Stratiform chromite deposit model","docAbstract":"Stratiform chromite deposits are of great economic importance, yet their origin and evolution remain highly debated. Layered igneous intrusions such as the Bushveld, Great Dyke, Kemi, and Stillwater Complexes, provide opportunities for studying magmatic differentiation processes and assimilation within the crust, as well as related ore-deposit formation. Chromite-rich seams within layered intrusions host the majority of the world's chromium reserves and may contain significant platinum-group-element (PGE) mineralization. \r\nThis model of stratiform chromite deposits is part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey's Mineral Resources Program to update existing models and develop new descriptive mineral deposit models to supplement previously published models for use in mineral-resource and mineral-environmental assessments. The model focuses on features that may be common to all stratiform chromite deposits as a way to gain insight into the processes that gave rise to their emplacement and to the significant economic resources contained in them.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101232","usgsCitation":"Schulte, R., Taylor, R.D., Piatak, N., and Seal, R., 2010, Stratiform chromite deposit model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1232, i, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101232.","productDescription":"i, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1232.jpg"},{"id":14158,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 15,-35 ], [ 15,-15 ], [ 35,-15 ], [ 35,-35 ], [ 15,-35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, Ruth F.","contributorId":68604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"Ruth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98746,"text":"sir20105175 - 2010 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the northern San Joaquin Basin, 2005: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T20:08:50.837427","indexId":"sir20105175","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5175","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the northern San Joaquin Basin, 2005: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the 2,079 square mile Northern San Joaquin Basin (Northern San Joaquin) study unit was investigated from December 2004 through February 2005 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 that was passed by the State of California and is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\r\nThe Northern San Joaquin study unit was the third study unit to be designed and sampled as part of the Priority Basin Project. Results of the study provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw (untreated) groundwater, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 61 wells in parts of Alameda, Amador, Calaveras, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, and Stanislaus Counties; 51 of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based approach to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and 10 of the wells were sampled to increase spatial density and provide additional information for the evaluation of water chemistry in the study unit (understanding/flowpath wells).\r\nThe primary aquifer systems (hereinafter, primary aquifers) assessed in this study are defined by the depth intervals of the wells in the California Department of Public Health database for each study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to contamination from the surface. Two types of assessments were made: (1) status, assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource; and (2) understanding, identification of the natural and human factors affecting groundwater quality.\r\nRelative-concentrations (sample concentrations divided by benchmark concentrations) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. Benchmarks used in this study were either health-based (regulatory and non-regulatory) or aesthetic based (non-regulatory). For inorganic constituents, relative-concentrations were classified as high (equal to or greater than 1.0), indicating relative-concentrations greater than benchmarks; moderate (equal to or greater than 0.5, and less than 1.0); or, low (less than 0.5). For organic and special- interest constituents [1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and perchlorate], relative- concentrations were classified as high (equal to or greater than 1.0); moderate (equal to or greater than 0.1 and less than 1.0); or, low (less than 0.1).\r\nAquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric in the status assessment for groundwater quality. High aquifer- scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the primary aquifer with relative-concentrations greater than 1.0; moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions are defined as the percentage of the primary aquifer with moderate and low relative- concentrations, respectively. The methods used to calculate aquifer-scale proportions are based on an equal-area grid; thus, the proportions are areal rather than volumetric. Two statistical approaches - grid-based, which used one value per grid cell, and spatially weighted, which used the full dataset - were used to calculate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. The spatially weighted estimates of high aquifer-scale proportions were within the 90-percent confidence intervals of the grid-based estimates in all cases. The understanding assessment used statistical correlations between constituent relative-concentrations and","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105175","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Jurgens, B., 2010, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the northern San Joaquin Basin, 2005: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5175, x, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105175.","productDescription":"x, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-12-01","temporalEnd":"2005-02-28","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5175.jpg"},{"id":393787,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94308.htm"},{"id":14156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.8528,\n 37.5667\n ],\n [\n -120.6439,\n 37.5667\n ],\n [\n -120.6439,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -121.8528,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -121.8528,\n 37.5667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e02d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L. V","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003941,"text":"70003941 - 2010 - Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: A global synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T13:32:04.303837","indexId":"70003941","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: A global synthesis","docAbstract":"Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from 14C-dated sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial climates. The data allow climate variables related to growing-season warmth, winter cold, and plant-available moisture to be reconstructed. Continental-scale reconstructions have been made for the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka), allowing comparison with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The synthesis of the available MH and LGM climate reconstructions and their uncertainties, obtained using modern-analogue, regression and model-inversion techniques, is presented for four temperature variables and two moisture variables. Reconstructions of the same variables based on surface-pollen assemblages are shown to be accurate and unbiased. Reconstructed LGM and MH climate anomaly patterns are coherent, consistent between variables, and robust with respect to the choice of technique. They support a conceptual model of the controls of Late Quaternary climate change whereby the first-order effects of orbital variations and greenhouse forcing on the seasonal cycle of temperature are predictably modified by responses of the atmospheric circulation and surface energy balance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00382-010-0904-1","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P., Harrison, S.P., Brewer, S., Connor, S., Davis, B., Gajewski, K., Guiot, J., Harrison-Prentice, T.I., Henderson, A., Peyron, O., Prentice, I.C., Scholze, M., Seppa, H., Shuman, B., Sugita, S., Thompson, R., Viau, A., Williams, J., and Wu, H., 2010, Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: A global synthesis: Climate Dynamics, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 775-802, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0904-1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"802","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0904-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68460c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, P. 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P.","contributorId":78488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewer, Sandra","contributorId":55121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connor, S.","contributorId":55664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, B.A.S.","contributorId":15035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"B.A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gajewski, K.","contributorId":73389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gajewski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guiot, J.","contributorId":13831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guiot","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harrison-Prentice, T. I.","contributorId":56471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison-Prentice","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henderson, A.","contributorId":72225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Peyron, O.","contributorId":48788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peyron","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Scholze, M.","contributorId":18199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholze","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Seppa, H.","contributorId":42454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seppa","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shuman, B.","contributorId":85386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuman","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sugita, S.","contributorId":96113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugita","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thompson, R.S.","contributorId":106516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Viau, A.E.","contributorId":20138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viau","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Williams, J.","contributorId":76270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wu, H.","contributorId":12707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70157334,"text":"70157334 - 2010 - Using selective drainage methods to hydrologically-condition and hydrologically-enforce lidar-derived surface flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T16:08:28","indexId":"70157334","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using selective drainage methods to hydrologically-condition and hydrologically-enforce lidar-derived surface flow","docAbstract":"The methods to extract surface flow from coarse elevation data are well documented; however, the methods to extract surface flow from high-resolution, high-vertical accuracy digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) are less documented, but yet more complex. As lidar data are increasingly used to generate DEMS, the demand for lidar-derived surface flow escalates. Thus, the US Geological Survey has developed semi-automated selective drainage methods to extract continuous surface flow from lidar-derived DEMs. This integrated network is important in understanding surface water movement and runoff, flood inundation, and erosion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing and hydrology","conferenceTitle":"International Commission on Remote Sensing of IAHS","conferenceDate":"September 27-30 2010","conferenceLocation":"Jacksonhole, Wyoming","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Press","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., Worstell, B., Stoker, J.M., and Greenlee, S., 2010, Using selective drainage methods to hydrologically-condition and hydrologically-enforce lidar-derived surface flow, in Remote sensing and hydrology, v. 352, Jacksonhole, Wyoming, September 27-30 2010, p. 329-332.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"332","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022623","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35c2e4b05d6c4e502c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836 spoppenga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":3327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"spoppenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce 0000-0001-8927-3336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":90676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenlee, Susan","contributorId":48137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98768,"text":"sim3122 - 2010 - Marine benthic habitat mapping of Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, with an evaluation of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard III","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"sim3122","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3122","title":"Marine benthic habitat mapping of Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, with an evaluation of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard III","docAbstract":"Seafloor geology and potential benthic habitats were mapped in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, using multibeam sonar, ground-truth information, and geological interpretations. Muir Inlet is a recently deglaciated fjord that is under the influence of glacial and paraglacial marine processes. High glacially derived sediment and meltwater fluxes, slope instabilities, and variable bathymetry result in a highly dynamic estuarine environment and benthic ecosystem. We characterize the fjord seafloor and potential benthic habitats using the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) recently developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NatureServe. Substrates within Muir Inlet are dominated by mud, derived from the high glacial debris flux. Water-column characteristics are derived from a combination of conductivity temperature depth (CTD) measurements and circulation-model results. We also present modern glaciomarine sediment accumulation data from quantitative differential bathymetry. These data show Muir Inlet is divided into two contrasting environments: a dynamic upper fjord and a relatively static lower fjord. The accompanying maps represent the first publicly available high-resolution bathymetric surveys of Muir Inlet. The results of these analyses serve as a test of the CMECS and as a baseline for continued mapping and correlations among seafloor substrate, benthic habitats, and glaciomarine processes. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3122","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Trusel, L.D., Cochrane, G.R., Etherington, L.L., Powell, R.D., and Mayer, L.A., 2010, Marine benthic habitat mapping of Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, with an evaluation of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard III: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3122, iii, 26 p.; 4 Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 42.18 inches x 31.72 inches, Sheet 2: 40.24 inches x 35.00 inches, Sheet 3: 40.63 inches x 36.00 inches, Sheet 4: 38.76 inches x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3122.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.; 4 Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 42.18 inches x 31.72 inches, Sheet 2: 40.24 inches x 35.00 inches, Sheet 3: 40.63 inches x 36.00 inches, Sheet 4: 38.76 inches x 36.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3122.jpg"},{"id":14178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -136.66666666666666,59 ], [ -136.66666666666666,57.833333333333336 ], [ -135.66666666666666,57.833333333333336 ], [ -135.66666666666666,59 ], [ -136.66666666666666,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusel, Luke D.","contributorId":66552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusel","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Etherington, Lisa L.","contributorId":103375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etherington","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Ross D.","contributorId":89768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, Larry A.","contributorId":69583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98765,"text":"ofr20101182 - 2010 - Streamflow, suspended-sediment, and soil-erosion data from Kaulana and Hakioawa watersheds, Kaho'olawe, Hawai'i, 2006 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T20:29:25.356823","indexId":"ofr20101182","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1182","title":"Streamflow, suspended-sediment, and soil-erosion data from Kaulana and Hakioawa watersheds, Kaho'olawe, Hawai'i, 2006 to 2010","docAbstract":"Various events over the last two centuries have destroyed the vegetation and caused rapid soil erosion on large areas of the small, arid, windy tropical shield-volcano island of Kaho`olawe, Hawai`i. These activities were largely halted in the 1990s, and efforts have been made to restore the island's vegetation in order to stem erosion. In 2003, the Kaho`olawe Island Reserve Commission (KIRC) began restoration efforts using native vegetation. In 2006 to 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the KIRC, monitored streamflow, fluvial suspended-sediment transport, and erosion rates in the Hakioawa and Kaulana watersheds on northeastern Kaho`olawe to provide information needed to assess the effectiveness of restoration efforts. This report presents the results from this monitoring. \r\n\r\nResults.-Hakioawa and Kaulana gulches were dry about 90 percent of the time during the monitoring period; mean annual flow was 0.06 ft3/s at Hakioawa Gulch gage and 0.01 ft3/s at the Kaulana Gulch gage. For the period when the sediment gages on both gulches were operating concurrently (October 2007 to September 2009), sediment discharge was higher from Hakioawa Gulch than from Kaulana Gulch. The annual suspended-sediment loads for the concurrent period averaged 1,880 tons at the Hakioawa Gulch gage and 276 tons at the Kaulana Gulch gage. \r\n\r\nOf the 77 erosion-monitoring sites in the Hakioawa and Kaulana watersheds, 50 had overall rates of change indicating erosion for the monitoring period, ranging from -1 to -10 mm/yr and averaging -3 mm/yr. Seven sites had rates of change indicating overall deposition, ranging from 1 to 15 mm/yr and averaging 5 mm/yr. Twenty had rates of change below detection (less than ?1 mm/yr). \r\n\r\nThe average rate of change for the 26 sites in areas that have undergone restoration by the KIRC was below the detection limit of the erosion-monitoring method. In comparison, the 51 sites in nonrestoration areas averaged -2 mm/y. Both of these averages, however, include sites that showed overall erosion as well as sites that showed overall deposition. \r\n\r\nThe average rate of change was -1 mm/yr for both the 32 sites on rills and the 42 sites on interfluves; both categories include sites that showed deposition as well as sites that showed erosion. All three sites on hummocks showed overall erosion, with an average rate of -8 mm/yr. Both the Hakioawa and Kaulana watersheds showed an average rate of change of -1 mm/yr, and both included sites that showed erosion and sites that showed deposition. \r\n\r\nFor sites with negative rates of change indicating erosion, the average rate of change during the monitoring period was -2 mm/yr in restoration areas and -3 mm/yr in nonrestoration areas. For sites with positive rates of change indicating deposition, the average rate of change was 5 mm/yr in restoration areas and 6 mm/yr in nonrestoration sites. The average rate of change for rills was 1 mm/yr in restoration areas and -2 mm/yr in nonrestoration sites. The average rate of change for interfluves was below detection in restoration areas and -1 mm/yr in nonrestoration areas. \r\n\r\nPotential Use and Limitation of Data.-Additional statistical comparisons of various subsets of erosion data can be used to assess the effectiveness of restoration efforts or how existing landforms, vegetation, climate, and other physical basin characteristics affect erosion and fluvial sediment transport in the watersheds. Further investigation to identify what factors cause the Kaulana watershed to have much lower runoff and sediment loads than the Hakioawa watershed may yield valuable information for developing and modifying restoration strategies. Continued monitoring of streamflow, sediment transport, and erosion is key to assessing the long-term effectiveness of restoration and can provide insight to the island's recovery since the eradication of feral goats and cessation of use as a military bombing range; the results of this study provide the","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101182","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., and Abbott, L.L., 2010, Streamflow, suspended-sediment, and soil-erosion data from Kaulana and Hakioawa watersheds, Kaho'olawe, Hawai'i, 2006 to 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1182, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101182.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1182.jpg"},{"id":391528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94316.htm"},{"id":14175,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaho'olawe, Kaulana and Kahioawa watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6,\n 20.5583\n ],\n [\n -156.55,\n 20.5583\n ],\n [\n -156.55,\n 20.5833\n ],\n [\n -156.6,\n 20.5833\n ],\n [\n -156.6,\n 20.5583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, Lyman L.","contributorId":78842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98760,"text":"ofr20101180 - 2010 - Description of extreme-wave deposits on the northern coast of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:44","indexId":"ofr20101180","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1180","title":"Description of extreme-wave deposits on the northern coast of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles","docAbstract":"To develop a better understanding of the origins of extreme-wave deposits and to help assess the potential risk of future overwash events, a field mapping survey was conducted in November 2006 on the northern coast of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. Deposits were mapped and analyzed to help develop a systematic sedimentological approach to distinguish the type of extreme-wave event (tsunamis or storms) or combination of events that formed and modified the deposits over time. \r\n\r\nExtreme-wave deposits on the northern coast of Bonaire between Boka Onima and Boka Olivia have formed sand sheets, poly-modal ridge complexes, and boulder fields on a Pleistocene limestone platform 3?8 meters above sea level. The deposits exhibit characteristics that are consistent with both large storm and tsunami processes that often overlap one another. Sand sheets occur as low-relief features underlying and incorporated with boulder field deposits. The seaward edge of ridge complexes are deposited up to 70 m from the shoreline and can extend over 200 m inland. Over 600 clasts were measured in fields and range in size from coarse gravel to fine block, weigh up to 165 metric tons, and are placed over 280 m from the shoreline. \r\n\r\nOur analyses indicate that the deposits may have been produced by a combination of hurricane and tsunami events spanning 10s to 1000s of years. Comparing the different deposit morphologies between study sites highlights the importance of shoreline orientation to the distribution of extreme-wave deposits onshore. However, further investigation is required to fully understand the processes that have produced and modified these deposits over time. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101180","usgsCitation":"Watt, S.G., Jaffe, B.E., Morton, R., Richmond, B.M., and Gelfencaum, G., 2010, Description of extreme-wave deposits on the northern coast of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1180, vi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101180.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1180.jpg"},{"id":14170,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Steven G.","contributorId":48675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfencaum, Guy","contributorId":96389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfencaum","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98756,"text":"ofr20101212 - 2010 - Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks-A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:44","indexId":"ofr20101212","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1212","title":"Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks-A preliminary report","docAbstract":"A compilation of data on global Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks refines previous descriptive models for their occurrence and provides important information for mineral resource assessments and exploration programs. This compilation forms the basis for a new classification of such deposits, which is speculative at this early stage of research. As defined herein, the Co-Cu-Au deposits contain 0.1 percent or more by weight of Co in ore or mineralized rock, comprising disseminated to semi-massive Co-bearing sulfide minerals with associated Fe- and Cu-bearing sulfides, and local gold, concentrated predominantly within rift-related, siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of Proterozoic age. Some deposits have appreciable Ag ? Bi ? W ? Ni ? Y ? rare earth elements ? U. Deposit geometry includes stratabound and stratiform layers, lenses, and veins, and (or) discordant veins and breccias. The geometry of most deposits is controlled by stratigraphic layering, folds, axial-plane cleavage, shear zones, breccias, or faults. Ore minerals are mainly cobaltite, skutterudite, glaucodot, and chalcopyrite, with minor gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, and bismuth; some deposits have appreciable tetrahedrite, uraninite, monazite, allanite, xenotime, apatite, scheelite, or molybdenite. Magnetite can be abundant in breccias, veins, or stratabound lenses within ore or surrounding country rocks. Common gangue minerals include quartz, biotite, muscovite, K-feldspar, albite, chlorite, and scapolite; many deposits contain minor to major amounts of tourmaline. Altered wall rocks generally have abundant biotite or albite. Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary successions constitute the predominant geologic setting. Felsic and (or) mafic plutons are spatially associated with many deposits and at some localities may be contemporaneous with, and involved in, ore formation. Geoenvironmental data for the Blackbird mining district in central Idaho indicate that weathering of abundant Fe, S, As, Co, and Cu in sulfide minerals of the deposits produces acidic waters, especially in pyrite-rich deposits; mine runoff has high concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Mn that exceed U.S. drinking water or aquatic life standards.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101212","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Causey, J., Eppinger, R., Gray, J.E., Johnson, C.A., Lund, K., and Schulz, K.J., 2010, Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks-A preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1212, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101212.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1212.jpg"},{"id":14166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bce4b07f02db5cf5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Causey, J. D.","contributorId":64652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lund, K.I.","contributorId":57450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"K.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98755,"text":"fs20103036 - 2010 - PAGER--Rapid assessment of an earthquakes impact","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80797,"text":"fs20073101 - 2007 - PAGER - Rapid Assessment of an Earthquake's Impact","indexId":"fs20073101","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"PAGER - Rapid Assessment of an Earthquake's Impact"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98755,"text":"fs20103036 - 2010 - PAGER--Rapid assessment of an earthquakes impact","indexId":"fs20103036","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"PAGER--Rapid assessment of an earthquakes impact"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-11T07:23:23","indexId":"fs20103036","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3036","title":"PAGER--Rapid assessment of an earthquakes impact","docAbstract":"PAGER (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response) is an automated system that produces content concerning the impact of significant earthquakes around the world, informing emergency responders, government and aid agencies, and the media of the scope of the potential disaster. PAGER rapidly assesses earthquake impacts by comparing the population exposed to each level of shaking intensity with models of economic and fatality losses based on past earthquakes in each country or region of the world. Earthquake alerts--which were formerly sent based only on event magnitude and location, or population exposure to shaking--now will also be generated based on the estimated range of fatalities and economic losses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103036","usgsCitation":"Wald, D., Jaiswal, K., Marano, K.D., Bausch, D., and Hearne, M., 2010, PAGER--Rapid assessment of an earthquakes impact: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3036, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103036.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3036.jpg"},{"id":14165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaiswal, K.","contributorId":89260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marano, K. D.","contributorId":92390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marano","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bausch, D.","contributorId":90423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bausch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hearne, M.","contributorId":86873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98741,"text":"ofr20061192 - 2010 - U.S. Geological Survey Rewarding Environment Culture Study, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:44","indexId":"ofr20061192","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1192","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Rewarding Environment Culture Study, 2002","docAbstract":"In its 2001 review of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Research Council (NRC, p. 126) cautioned that ?high-quality personnel are essential for developing high-quality science information? and urged the USGS to ?devote substantial efforts to recruiting and retaining excellent staff.?\r\nRecognizing the importance of the NRC recommendation, the USGS has committed time and resources to create a rewarding work environment with the goal of achieving the following valued outcomes:\r\n? USGS science vitality\r\n? Customer satisfaction with USGS products and services\r\n? Employee perceptions of the USGS as a rewarding place to work\r\n? Heightened employee morale and commitment\r\n? The ability to recruit and retain employees with critical skills\r\nTo determine whether this investment of time and resources was proving to be successful, the USGS Human Resources Office conducted a Rewarding Environment Culture Study to answer the following four questions.\r\n? Question 1: Does a rewarding work environment lead to the valued outcomes (identified above) that the USGS is seeking?\r\n? Question 2: Which management, supervisory, and leadership behaviors contribute most to creating a rewarding work environment and to achieving the valued outcomes that the USGS is seeking?\r\n? Question 3: Do USGS employees perceive that the USGS is a rewarding place to work?\r\n? Question 4: What actions can and should be taken to enhance the USGS work environment?\r\nTo begin the study, a conceptual model of a rewarding USGS environment was developed to test assumptions about a rewarding work environment. The Rewarding Environment model identifies the key components that are thought to contribute to a rewarding work environment and the valued outcomes that are thought to result from having a rewarding work environment. The 2002 Organizational Assessment Survey (OAS) was used as the primary data source for the study because it provided the most readily available data. Additional survey data were included as they became available\r\nThe dividends of creating a rewarding work environment can be great. As the results of the USGS Rewarding Environment Culture Study of 2002 indicate, creating a rewarding work environment is an investment that can have an important impact on the outcomes that the USGS values?the vitality of our science, the satisfaction of our customers, and the morale, commitment, and performance of our employees.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061192","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.C., Paradise-Tornow, C.A., Gray, V.K., Griffin-Bemis, S.P., Agnew, P.R., and Bouchet, N.M., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Rewarding Environment Culture Study, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1192, vi, 36 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061192.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":500,"text":"Office of Organizational and Employee Development","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1192/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2006_1192.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612b30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, Janis C.","contributorId":37855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"Janis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paradise-Tornow, Carol A.","contributorId":93161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradise-Tornow","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Vicki K.","contributorId":19664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin-Bemis, Sarah P.","contributorId":41557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin-Bemis","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agnew, Pamela R.","contributorId":50628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bouchet, Nicole M.","contributorId":11308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchet","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032384,"text":"70032384 - 2010 - Permeability profiles in granular aquifers using flowmeters in direct-push wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T14:57:10","indexId":"70032384","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability profiles in granular aquifers using flowmeters in direct-push wells","docAbstract":"Numerical hydrogeological models should ideally be based on the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity (K), a property rarely defined on the basis of sufficient data due to the lack of efficient characterization methods. Electromagnetic borehole flowmeter measurements during pumping in uncased wells can effectively provide a continuous vertical distribution of K in consolidated rocks. However, relatively few studies have used the flowmeter in screened wells penetrating unconsolidated aquifers, and tests conducted in gravel-packed wells have shown that flowmeter data may yield misleading results. This paper describes the practical application of flowmeter profiles in direct-push wells to measure K and delineate hydrofacies in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers having low-to-moderate K (10−6 to 10−4 m/s). The effect of direct-push well installation on K measurements in unconsolidated deposits is first assessed based on the previous work indicating that such installations minimize disturbance to the aquifer fabric. The installation and development of long-screen wells are then used in a case study validating Kprofiles from flowmeter tests at high-resolution intervals (15 cm) with K profiles derived from multilevel slug tests between packers at identical intervals. For 119 intervals tested in five different wells, the difference in log K values obtained from the two methods is consistently below 10%. Finally, a graphical approach to the interpretation of flowmeter profiles is proposed to delineate intervals corresponding to distinct hydrofacies, thus providing a method whereby both the scale and magnitude of K contrasts in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers may be represented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00761.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paradis, D., Lefebvre, R., Morin, R.H., and Gloaguen, E., 2010, Permeability profiles in granular aquifers using flowmeters in direct-push wells: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 4, p. 534-547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00761.x.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"534","endPage":"547","ipdsId":"IP-020518","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -68.64257812499999,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -68.64257812499999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 47.025206001585396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76b2e4b0c8380cd7827c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paradis, D.","contributorId":16662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lefebvre, R.","contributorId":52408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gloaguen, E.","contributorId":106322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloaguen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70259344,"text":"70259344 - 2010 - Broad accommodation of rift-related extension recorded by dyke intrusion in Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-04T12:03:49.072847","indexId":"70259344","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-26T06:55:20","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broad accommodation of rift-related extension recorded by dyke intrusion in Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The extensive harrat lava province of Arabia formed during the past 30 million years in response to Red Sea rifting and mantle upwelling. The area was regarded as seismically quiet, but between April and June 2009 a swarm of more than 30,000 earthquakes struck one of the lava fields in the province, Harrat Lunayyir, northwest Saudi Arabia. Concerned that larger damaging earthquakes might occur, the Saudi Arabian government evacuated 40,000 people from the region. Here we use geologic, geodetic and seismic data to show that the earthquake swarm resulted from magmatic dyke intrusion. We document a surface fault rupture that is 8 km long with 91 cm of offset. Surface deformation is best modelled by the shallow intrusion of a north-west trending dyke that is about 10 km long. Seismic waves generated during the earthquakes exhibit overlapping very low- and high-frequency components. We interpret the low frequencies to represent intrusion of magma and the high frequencies to represent fracturing of the crystalline basement rocks. Rather than extension being accommodated entirely by the central Red Sea rift axis, we suggest that the broad deformation observed in Harrat Lunayyir indicates that rift margins can remain as active sites of extension throughout rifting. Our analyses allowed us to forecast the likelihood of a future eruption or large earthquake in the region and informed the decisions made by the Saudi Arabian government to return the evacuees.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is in the final phase of the most recent assessment of the undiscovered technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and state waters. Ongoing geologic, geochemical, and petrophysical framework studies have defined the total petroleum systems and assessment units (AUs) in the Gulf Coast region. Current studies examine the Mesozoic (Jurassic and Cretaceous) source rocks and reservoir units, and recent studies have assessed the undiscovered resources in Tertiary and certain Jurassic and Cretaceous units. The Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group and Lower Cretaceous Hosston and Travis Peak formations, as well as the Upper Cretaceous Taylor and Navarro groups and the Tuscaloosa and Woodbine groups downdip shelf-margin deltas, were assessed in 2006. Tertiary strata were assessed in 2007. Jurassic strata presently under evaluation include the Upper Jurassic Norphlet, Smackover, Haynesville, and Bossier
formations. Lower Cretaceous units to be assessed in the present study include the Knowles Limestone, Sligo Formation, Trinity Group, Fredericksburg Group, and lower
part of the Washita Group. Upper Cretaceous rocks being assessed include the Buda Limestone of the Washita Group, Eagle Ford Group (Eagle Ford shale, and the updip Tuscaloosa and Woodbine groups), Austin Chalk (Group), and Tokio and Eutaw formations. For each AU, a geologic model is developed to define hydrocarbon source, charge, migration, trap, and reservoir, and to estimate technically recoverable undiscovered oil and gas resources. The USGS assessment is focused on evaluating conventional clastic and carbonate deposystems, as well as resource volumes in emerging unconventional gas, shale gas, and shale oil plays currently attracting global attention.
Although the use of artificial fertilizer has supported increasing food production to meet the needs of a growing population, increases in nutrient loadings from agricultural and, to a lesser extent, urban sources have resulted in nutrient concentrations in many streams and parts of aquifers that exceed standards for protection of human health and (or) aquatic life, often by large margins.
Do NAWQA findings substantiate national concerns for aquatic and human health?
National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) findings indicate that nutrient concentrations in streams and groundwater in basins with significant agricultural or urban development are substantially greater than naturally occurring or “background” levels. For example, median concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural streams are about 6 times greater than background levels. Findings also indicate that concentrations in streams routinely were 2 to 10 times greater than regional nutrient criteria recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to protect aquatic life. Such large differences in magnitude suggest that significant reductions in sources of nutrients, as well as greater use of land management strategies to reduce the transport of nutrients to streams, are needed to meet recommended criteria for streams draining areas with significant agricultural and urban development.
Nitrate concentrations above the Federal drinking-water standard—or Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)—of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L, as nitrogen) are relatively uncommon in samples from streams used for drinking water or from relatively deep aquifers; the MCL is exceeded, however, in more than 20 percent of shallow (less than 100 feet below the water table) domestic wells in agricultural areas. This finding raises concerns for human health in rural agricultural areas where shallow groundwater is used for domestic supply and may warn of future contamination of deeper groundwater pumped from public‑supply wells.
Are levels of nutrients in water increasing or decreasing?
A decadal assessment of trends in concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus from about 1993 to 2003 shows minimal changes in those concentrations in the majority of studied streams across the Nation, and more upward than downward trends in concentrations at sites with changes. These findings underscore the need for reductions in nutrient inputs or management strategies that would reduce transport of nutrients to streams. Upward trends were evident among all land uses, including those only minimally affected by agricultural and (or) urban development, which suggests that additional protection of some of our Nation’s most pristine streams warrants consideration.
The median of nitrate concentrations in groundwater from 495 wells also increased significantly from 3.2 to 3.4 mg/L (6 percent) during about the same period, and the proportion of wells with concentrations of nitrate greater than the MCL increased from 16 to 21 percent. Nitrate concentrations in water in deep aquifers are likely to increase during the next decade as shallow groundwater with elevated concentrations moves downward. The potential for future contamination of the deep aquifers requires attention because these aquifers commonly are used for public water supply, and because restoration of groundwater is costly and difficult.
Long-term and consistent monitoring of nutrients, improved accounting of nutrient sources, and improved tracking and modeling of climatic and landscape changes will be essential for distinguishing trends in nutrient concentrations, understanding the causes of those trends, and accurately tracking the effectiveness of strategies implemented to manage nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1350","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Dubrovsky, N.M., Burow, K.R., Clark, G.M., Gronberg, J.M., Hamilton, P.A., Hitt, K.J., Mueller, D.K., Munn, M.D., Nolan, B.T., Puckett, L., Rupert, M.G., Short, T.M., Spahr, N.E., Sprague, L.A., and Wilber, W.G., 2010, The quality of our nation's waters: Nutrients in the nation's streams and groundwater, 1992-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1350, v, 174 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1350.","productDescription":"v, 174 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14144,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1350/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":354855,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1350/pdf/circ1350.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389364,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94267.htm"},{"id":126384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1350.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 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Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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largest and best characterized lake in Titan's south polar region. In June and July 2009, the Cassini RADAR acquired its first Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of the area. Together with closest approach altimetry acquired in December 2008, these observations provide a unique opportunity to study the lake's nearshore bathymetry and complex refractive properties. Average radar backscatter is observed to decrease exponentially with distance from the local shoreline. This behavior is consistent with attenuation through a deepening layer of liquid and, if local topography is known, can be used to derive absorptive dielectric properties. Accordingly, we estimate nearshore topography from a radar altimetry profile that intersects the shoreline on the East and West sides of the lake. We then analyze SAR backscatter in these regions to determine the imaginary component of the liquid's complex index of refraction (κ). The derived value, κ = (6.1−1.3+1.7) × 10−4, corresponds to a loss tangent of tan Δ = (9.2−2.0+2.5) × 10−4 and is consistent with a composition dominated by liquid hydrocarbons. This value can be used to test compositional models once the microwave optical properties of candidate materials have been measured. In areas that do not intersect altimetry profiles, relative slopes can be calculated assuming the index of refraction is constant throughout the liquid. Accordingly, we construct a coarse bathymetry map for the nearshore region by measuring bathymetric slopes for eleven additional areas around the lake. These slopes vary by a factor of ∼5 and correlate well with observed shoreline morphologies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JE003557","usgsCitation":"Hayes, A., Wolf, A., Aharonson, O., Zebker, H., Lorenz, R., Kirk, R.L., Paillou, P., Lunine, J., Wye, L., Callahan, P., Wall, S., and Elachi, C., 2010, Bathymetry and absorptivity of Titan's Ontario Lacus: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 115, no. E9, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003557.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009je003557","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"E9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f2f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, A. G.","contributorId":31098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, A.S.","contributorId":7821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aharonson, O.","contributorId":105030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aharonson","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenz, R.","contributorId":49503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirk, R. L.","contributorId":94698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paillou, P.","contributorId":45043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillou","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lunine, J.","contributorId":42335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wye, L.","contributorId":40333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wye","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Callahan, P.","contributorId":22889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wall, S.","contributorId":103774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":98724,"text":"sir20105137 - 2010 - Methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak streamflows for unregulated streams in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105137","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5137","title":"Methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak streamflows for unregulated streams in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Peak-streamflow regression equations were determined for estimating flows with exceedance probabilities from 50 to 0.2 percent for the state of Oklahoma. These regression equations incorporate basin characteristics to estimate peak-streamflow magnitude and frequency throughout the state by use of a generalized least squares regression analysis. The most statistically significant independent variables required to estimate peak-streamflow magnitude and frequency for unregulated streams in Oklahoma are contributing drainage area, mean-annual precipitation, and main-channel slope. The regression equations are applicable for watershed basins with drainage areas less than 2,510 square miles that are not affected by regulation. The resulting regression equations had a standard model error ranging from 31 to 46 percent. \r\n\r\nAnnual-maximum peak flows observed at 231 streamflow-gaging stations through water year 2008 were used for the regression analysis. Gage peak-streamflow estimates were used from previous work unless 2008 gaging-station data were available, in which new peak-streamflow estimates were calculated. The U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats web application was used to obtain the independent variables required for the peak-streamflow regression equations. Limitations on the use of the regression equations and the reliability of regression estimates for natural unregulated streams are described. Log-Pearson Type III analysis information, basin and climate characteristics, and the peak-streamflow frequency estimates for the 231 gaging stations in and near Oklahoma are listed. \r\n\r\nMethodologies are presented to estimate peak streamflows at ungaged sites by using estimates from gaging stations on unregulated streams. For ungaged sites on urban streams and streams regulated by small floodwater retarding structures, an adjustment of the statewide regression equations for natural unregulated streams can be used to estimate peak-streamflow magnitude and frequency. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J.M., 2010, Methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak streamflows for unregulated streams in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5137, v, 23 p.; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105137.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.; Table","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5137.jpg"},{"id":14132,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,34 ], [ -104,38 ], [ -94,38 ], [ -94,34 ], [ -104,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Jason M. 0000-0001-5337-1890 jmlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1890","contributorId":3854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jason","email":"jmlewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}