Documentation of spatial genetic discordance among breeding populations of Arctic-nesting avian species is important, because anthropogenic change is altering environmental linkages at micro- and macrogeographic scales. We estimated levels of population subdivision within Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) breeding on 12 barrier islands in the western Beaufort Sea, Alaska, using molecular markers and capture—mark—recapture (CMR) data. Common Eider populations were genetically structured on a microgeographic scale. Regional comparisons between populations breeding on island groups separated by 90 km (Mikkelsen Bay and Simpson Lagoon) revealed structuring at 14 microsatellite loci (F ST = 0.004, P < 0.01), a nuclear intron (F ST = 0.022, P = 0.02), and mitochondrial DNA (ΦST = 0.082, P < 0.05). The CMR data (n = 34) did not indicate female dispersal between island groups. Concordance between genetic and CMR data indicates that females breeding in the western Beaufort Sea are strongly philopatric to island groups rather than to a particular island. Despite the apparent high site fidelity of females, coalescence-based models of gene flow suggest that asymmetrical western dispersal occurs between island groups and is likely mediated by Mikkelsen Bay females stopping early on spring migration at Simpson Lagoon to breed. Alternatively, late-arriving females may be predisposed to nest in Simpson Lagoon because of the greater availability and wider distribution of nesting habitat. Our results indicate that genetic discontinuities, mediated by female philopatry, can exist at microgeographic scales along established migratory corridors.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics during storm events has received considerable attention in forested watersheds, but the extent to which storms impart rapid changes in DOM concentration and composition in highly disturbed agricultural watersheds remains poorly understood. In this study, we used identical in situ optical sensors for DOM fluorescence (FDOM) with and without filtration to continuously evaluate surface water DOM dynamics in a 415 km2agricultural watershed over a 4 week period containing a short-duration rainfall event. Peak turbidity preceded peak discharge by 4 h and increased by over 2 orders of magnitude, while the peak filtered FDOM lagged behind peak turbidity by 15 h. FDOM values reported using the filtered in situ fluorometer increased nearly fourfold and were highly correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (r2 = 0.97), providing a highly resolved proxy for DOC throughout the study period. Discrete optical properties including specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), spectral slope (S290–350), and fluorescence index (FI) were also strongly correlated with in situ FDOM and indicate a shift toward aromatic, high molecular weight DOM from terrestrially derived sources during the storm. The lag of the peak in FDOM behind peak discharge presumably reflects the draining of watershed soils from natural and agricultural landscapes. Field and experimental evidence showed that unfiltered FDOM measurements underestimated filtered FDOM concentrations by up to ∼60% at particle concentrations typical of many riverine systems during hydrologic events. Together, laboratory and in situ data provide insights into the timing and magnitude of changes in DOM quantity and quality during storm events in an agricultural watershed, and indicate the need for sample filtration in systems with moderate to high suspended sediment loads.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2009JG000989","usgsCitation":"Saraceno, J.F., Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Boss, E., Bachand, P., and Bergamaschi, B., 2009, High-frequency in situ optical measurements during a storm event: Assessing relationships between dissolved organic matter, sediment concentrations, and hydrologic processes: Journal of Geological Research, v. 114, no. G4, Article G00F09; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG000989.","productDescription":"Article G00F09; 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012904","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jg000989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"G4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3db9e4b0d96de256455d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820 saraceno@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":2328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John","email":"saraceno@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franco","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boss, Emmanuel","contributorId":10143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"Emmanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, Philip A. M.","contributorId":139733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Philip A. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12895,"text":"Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035849,"text":"70035849 - 2009 - Using shakecast and shakemap for lifeline post-earthquake response and earthquake scenario planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035849","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using shakecast and shakemap for lifeline post-earthquake response and earthquake scenario planning","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeCast system is a freely-available, post-earthquake situational awareness application that automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares intensity measures against users' facilities, sends notifications of potential damage to responsible parties, and generates facility damage assessment maps and other Web-based products for emergency managers and responders. The ShakeMap/ShakeCast combined system allows a consistent approach for the evaluation of facility performance using the ShakeMap methodology by combining observations with ground motion predictions and covers major geographic regions and earthquakes, real-time, historical, and scenario, worldwide. We present common approaches to assessing facility impact estimates by combining measured or estimated ground-motion parameters with vulnerability functions. Vulnerability functions can be pre-computed, use one of these ground-motion parameters as input, and produce a multi-state discrete output of damage likelihood (or, inspection priorities). Two custom modules for evaluating Arias Intensity and Newmark landslide displacements are presented as examples of using the ShakeCast application with more advanced, customized damage functions. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment","conferenceTitle":"2009 ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Conference, TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment","conferenceDate":"28 June 2009 through 1 July 2009","conferenceLocation":"Oakland, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41050(357)103","isbn":"9780784410509","usgsCitation":"Lin, K., Wald, D., and Turner, L., 2009, Using shakecast and shakemap for lifeline post-earthquake response and earthquake scenario planning, in TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment, v. 357, Oakland, CA, 28 June 2009 through 1 July 2009, https://doi.org/10.1061/41050(357)103.","startPage":"103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41050(357)103"}],"volume":"357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc09ee4b08c986b32a220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, K.-W.","contributorId":64775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"K.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, L.L.","contributorId":30793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032786,"text":"70032786 - 2009 - Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032786","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California","docAbstract":"Aim: Several studies have found that more accurate predictive models of species' occurrences can be developed for rarer species; however, one recent study found the relationship between range size and model performance to be an artefact of sample prevalence, that is, the proportion of presence versus absence observations in the data used to train the model. We examined the effect of model type, species rarity class, species' survey frequency, detectability and manipulated sample prevalence on the accuracy of distribution models developed for 30 reptile and amphibian species. Location: Coastal southern California, USA. Methods: Classification trees, generalized additive models and generalized linear models were developed using species presence and absence data from 420 locations. Model performance was measured using sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plot based on twofold cross-validation, or on bootstrapping. Predictors included climate, terrain, soil and vegetation variables. Species were assigned to rarity classes by experts. The data were sampled to generate subsets with varying ratios of presences and absences to test for the effect of sample prevalence. Join count statistics were used to characterize spatial dependence in the prediction errors. Results: Species in classes with higher rarity were more accurately predicted than common species, and this effect was independent of sample prevalence. Although positive spatial autocorrelation remained in the prediction errors, it was weaker than was observed in the species occurrence data. The differences in accuracy among model types were slight. Main conclusions: Using a variety of modelling methods, more accurate species distribution models were developed for rarer than for more common species. This was presumably because it is difficult to discriminate suitable from unsuitable habitat for habitat generalists, and not as an artefact of the effect of sample prevalence on model estimation. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x","issn":"13669","usgsCitation":"Franklin, J., Wejnert, K., Hathaway, S., Rochester, C., and Fisher, R., 2009, Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California: Diversity and Distributions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 167-177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x.","startPage":"167","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487763,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x"},{"id":241296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a060ae4b0c8380cd510be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, J.","contributorId":81546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wejnert, K.E.","contributorId":30048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wejnert","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hathaway, S.A.","contributorId":56990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rochester, C.J.","contributorId":93851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochester","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033983,"text":"70033983 - 2009 - The Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary record in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Implications for climate and sea-level changes on the western Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-02T14:11:41.951625","indexId":"70033983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary record in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Implications for climate and sea-level changes on the western Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"A multidisciplinary investigation of the Eocene-Oligocene transition in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville core from the Chesapeake Bay impact basin was conducted in order to document environmental changes and sequence stratigraphic setting. Planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy indicate that the Eyreville core includes an expanded upper Eocene (Biozones E15 to E16 and NP19/20 to NP21, respectively) and a condensed Oligocene-Miocene (NP24-NN1) sedimentary sequence. The Eocene-Oligocene contact corresponds to a =3-Ma-long hiatus. Eocene- Oligocene sedimentation is dominated by great diversity and varying amounts of detrital and authigenic minerals. Four sedimentary intervals are identified by lithology and mineral content: (1) A 30-m-thick, smectite- and illite-rich interval directly overlies the Exmore Formation, suggesting long-term reworking of impact debris within the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. (2) Subsequently, an increase in kaolinite content suggests erosion from soils developed during late Eocene warm and humid climate in agreement with data derived from other Atlantic sites. However, the kaolinite increase may also be explained by change to a predominant sediment input from outside the Chesapeake Bay impact structure caused by progradation of more proximal facies belts during the highstand systems tract of the late Eocene sequence E10.Spectral analysis based on gamma-ray and magnetic susceptibility logs suggests infl uence of 1.2 Ma low-amplitude oscillation of the obliquity period during the late Eocene. (3) During the latest Eocene (Biozones NP21 and E16), several lithological contacts (clay to clayey silt) occur concomitant with a prominent change in the mineralogical composition with illite as a major component: This lithological change starts close to the Biozone NP19/20-NP21 boundary and may correspond to sequence boundary E10-E11 as observed in other northwest Atlantic margin sections. It could result from a shift to more distal depositional environments and condensed sedimentation during maximum fl ooding, rather than refl ecting a climatic change in the hinterland. The distinct 1% increase of the oxygen isotopes may correspond to the short-term latest Eocene \"precursor isotope event.\" (4) The abrupt increase of sediment grainsize, carbonate content, and abundance of authigenic minerals (glauconite) across the major unconformity that separates Eocene from Oligocene sediments in the Eyreville core refl ects deposition in shallower settings associated with erosion, winnowing, and reworking. Sediments within the central crater were affected by the rapid eustatic sea-level changes associated with the greenhouse-icehouse transition, as well as by an abrupt major uplift event and possibly enhanced current activity on the northwestern Atlantic margin. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(35)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Schulte, P., Wade, B., Kontny, A., and Self-Trail, J., 2009, The Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary record in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Implications for climate and sea-level changes on the western Atlantic margin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 458, p. 839-865, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(35).","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Staes","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -74.59716796875,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -74.59716796875,\n 40.16208338164617\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 40.16208338164617\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba71fe4b08c986b321393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, P.","contributorId":48792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wade, B.S.","contributorId":34742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kontny, A.","contributorId":80919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontny","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":535163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034885,"text":"70034885 - 2009 - Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T07:39:17","indexId":"70034885","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study","docAbstract":"Joint measurements of ground deformation and micro-gravity changes are an indispensable component for any volcano monitoring strategy. A number of analytical mathematical models are available in the literature that can be used to fit geodetic data and infer source location, depth and density. Bootstrap statistical methods allow estimations of the range of the inferred parameters. Although analytical models often assume that the crust is elastic, homogenous and isotropic, they can take into account different source geometries, the influence of topography, and gravity background noise. The careful use of analytical models, together with high quality data sets, can produce valuable insights into the nature of the deformation/gravity source. Here we present a review of various modeling methods, and use the historical unrest at Long Valley caldera (California) from 1982 to 1999 to illustrate the practical application of analytical modeling and bootstrap to constrain the source of unrest. A key question is whether the unrest at Long Valley since the late 1970s can be explained without calling upon an intrusion of magma. The answer, apparently, is no. Our modeling indicates that the inflation source is a slightly tilted prolate ellipsoid (dip angle between 91° and 105°) at a depth of 6.5 to 7.9 km beneath the caldera resurgent dome with an aspect ratio between 0.44 and 0.60, a volume change from 0.161 to 0.173 km3 and a density of 1241 to 2093 kg/m3. The larger uncertainty of the density estimate reflects the higher noise of gravity measurements. These results are consistent with the intrusion of silicic magma with a significant amount of volatiles beneath the caldera resurgent dome.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.040","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., and Hill, D., 2009, Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study: Tectonophysics, v. 471, no. 1-2, p. 45-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.040.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.040"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mono County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.91258239746092,\n 37.70229391925025\n ],\n [\n -118.64891052246092,\n 37.70229391925025\n ],\n [\n -118.64891052246092,\n 37.769629187677\n ],\n [\n -118.91258239746092,\n 37.769629187677\n ],\n [\n -118.91258239746092,\n 37.70229391925025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"471","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb6ce4b0c8380cd48dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70161736,"text":"70161736 - 2009 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T09:57:57","indexId":"70161736","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5651,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) has conducted lake-wide surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973 using standard 12-m bottom trawls towed along contour at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index transects. The resulting data on relative abundance, size structure, and condition of individual fishes are used to estimate various population parameters that are in turn used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. All seven established index transects of the survey were completed in 2008. The survey provides relative abundance and biomass estimates between the 5-m and 114-m depth contours of the lake (herein, lake-wide) for prey fish populations, as well as burbot, yellow perch, and the introduced dreissenid mussels. Lake-wide biomass of alewives in 2008 was estimated at 8.27 kilotonnes (kt) (1 kt = 1000 metric tons), which was the smallest biomass estimate in the entire time series and 29% lower than the 2007 estimate. Lake-wide biomass of bloater in 2008 was estimated at 3.33 kt, which was the lowest estimate since 1977 and 38% lower than the 2007 estimate. Rainbow smelt lake-wide biomass equaled 0.89 kt, which was only 0.01 kt higher than 2007, which is the lowest estimate in the time series. Deepwater sculpin lake-wide biomass equaled 5.23 kt, which is the fourth straight year of declining biomass. The 2008 estimate is the second smallest in the time series, and 39% lower than the 2007 estimate. Slimy sculpin lake-wide biomass remained relatively high in 2008 (2.75 kt), increasing 25% over 2007. Ninespine stickleback lake-wide biomass equaled only 0.50 kt in 2008, which was 79% lower than the 2007 estimate. The final prey fish, exotic round goby, increased two orders of magnitude between 2007 and 2008, from 0.02 to 4.65 kt. Round gobies now represent 18% of the prey fish biomass. Burbot lake-wide biomass (0.91 kt in 2008) has remained fairly constant since 2002. Numeric density of age-0 yellow perch (i.e., < 100 mm) equaled 0.7 fish per ha, which is indicative of a relatively poor year-class. Lake-wide biomass of dreissenid mussels dropped precipitously in 2008, down to 9.47 kt, and a 96% decline from the 2007 biomass estimate. Overall, the total lake-wide prey fish biomass estimate (sum of alewife, bloater, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, round goby, and ninespine stickleback) in 2008 was 25.62 kt, which was the lowest observed since the survey began in 1973.","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Michigan Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., Holuszko, J.D., Desorcie, T.J., and Adams, J.V., 2009, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012350","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313817,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/1692671905"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fdbd1be4b0074928294491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holuszko, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":104429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668 tdesorcie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":3672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"tdesorcie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032751,"text":"70032751 - 2009 - Acid rock drainage and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:57:06","indexId":"70032751","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rock drainage and climate change","docAbstract":"Rainfall events cause both increases and decreases in acid and metals concentrations and their loadings from mine wastes, and unmined mineralized areas, into receiving streams based on data from 3 mines sites in the United States and other sites outside the US. Gradual increases in concentrations occur during long dry spells and sudden large increases are observed during the rising limb of the discharge following dry spells (first flush). By the time the discharge peak has occurred, concentrations are usually decreased, often to levels below those of pre-storm conditions and then they slowly rise again during the next dry spell. These dynamic changes in concentrations and loadings are related to the dissolution of soluble salts and the flushing out of waters that were concentrated by evaporation. The underlying processes, pyrite oxidation and host rock dissolution, do not end until the pyrite is fully weathered, which can take hundreds to thousands of years. These observations can be generalized to predict future conditions caused by droughts related to El Ni??o and climate change associated with global warming. Already, the time period for dry summers is lengthening in the western US and rainstorms are further apart and more intense when they happen. Consequently, flushing of inactive or active mine sites and mineralized but unmined sites will cause larger sudden increases in concentrations that will be an ever increasing danger to aquatic life with climate change. Higher average concentrations will be observed during longer low-flow periods. Remediation efforts will have to increase the capacity of engineered designs to deal with more extreme conditions, not average conditions of previous years.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002","issn":"03756","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2009, Acid rock drainage and climate change: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 100, no. 2-3, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e694e4b0c8380cd474fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033921,"text":"70033921 - 2009 - Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","docAbstract":"A study of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediment samples from a former uranium mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, was conducted under oxic conditions as a function of pH, U(VI), Ca, and dissolved carbonate concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed using <2mm size sediment fractions, a sand-sized fraction, and artificial groundwater solutions prepared to simulate the field groundwater composition. To encompass the geochemical conditions of the alluvial aquifer at the site, the experimental conditions ranged from 6.8 ?? 10-8 to 10-5 M in [U(VI)]tot, 7.2 to 8.0 in pH, 3.0 ?? 10-3 to 6.0 ?? 10 -3 M in [Ca2+], and 0.05 to 2.6% in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Surface area normalized U(VI) adsorption Kd values for the sand and <2 mm sediment fraction were similar, suggesting a similar reactive surface coating on both fractions. A two-site two-reaction, nonelectrostatic generalized composite surface complexation model was developed and successfully simulated the U(VI) adsorption data. The model successfully predicted U(VI) adsorption observed from a multilevel sampling well installed at the site. A comparison of the model with the one developed previously for a uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado, indicated that possible calcite nonequilibrium of dissolved calcium concentration should be evaluated. The modeling results also illustrate the importance of the range of data used in deriving the best fit model parameters. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es902164n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Hyun, S., Fox, P., Davis, J., Campbell, K., Hayes, K., and Long, P., 2009, Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9368-9373, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902164n.","startPage":"9368","endPage":"9373","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902164n"},{"id":241880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9ce4b08c986b31e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyun, S.P.","contributorId":88164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyun","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.M.","contributorId":47949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, K.M.","contributorId":42438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, K.F.","contributorId":103089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032784,"text":"70032784 - 2009 - A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T11:08:34","indexId":"70032784","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California","docAbstract":"The Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), active intermittently from 1873–1957 and now a USEPA Superfund site, was previously estimated to have contributed at least 100 metric tons (105 kg) of mercury (Hg) into the Clear Lake aquatic ecosystem. We have confirmed this minimum estimate. To better quantify the contribution of the mine in relation to other sources of Hg loading into Clear Lake and provide data that might help reduce that loading, we analyzed Inputs and Outputs of Hg to Clear Lake and Storage of Hg in lakebed sediments using a mass balance approach. We evaluated Inputs from (1) wet and dry atmospheric deposition from both global/regional and local sources, (2) watershed tributaries, (3) groundwater inflows, (4) lakebed springs and (5) the mine. Outputs were quantified from (1) efflux (volatilization) of Hg from the lake surface to the atmosphere, (2) municipal and agricultural water diversions, (3) losses from out-flowing drainage of Cache Creek that feeds into the California Central Valley and (4) biotic Hg removal by humans and wildlife. Storage estimates include (1) sediment burial from historic and prehistoric periods (over the past 150–3,000 years) from sediment cores to ca. 2.5m depth dated using dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), 210Pb and 14C and (2) recent Hg deposition in surficial sediments. Surficial sediments collected in October 2003 (11 years after mine site remediation) indicate no reduction (but a possible increase) in sediment Hg concentrations over that time and suggest that remediation has not significantly reduced overall Hg loading to the lake. Currently, the mine is believed to contribute ca. 322–331 kg of Hg annually to Clear Lake, which represents ca. 86–99% of the total Hg loading to the lake. We estimate that natural sedimentation would cover the existing contaminated sediments within ca. 150–300 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1","issn":"00496","usgsCitation":"Suchanek, T., Cooke, J., Keller, K., Jorgensen, S., Richerson, P., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Harner, E., and Adam, D., 2009, A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 51-73, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e9e4b0c8380cd45d18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suchanek, T.H.","contributorId":20682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, J.","contributorId":6447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, K.","contributorId":25322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, S.","contributorId":67301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richerson, P.J.","contributorId":100619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richerson","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harner, E.J.","contributorId":16230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harner","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032841,"text":"70032841 - 2009 - Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:50:29","indexId":"70032841","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","docAbstract":"1. We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO3−) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an in situ optical NO3− sensor and discrete sampling during a 5‐day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO3− isotopes (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (δ18ODO) were measured over 2 days to assess NO3− sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time‐scales.
2. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and δ18ODOwere consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O2 exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge.
3. Surface water NO3− concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5‐day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO3− variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO3− variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time‐varying physical transport of NO3− from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River.
4. The application of an in situ optical NO3− sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x","issn":"00465","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Kendall, C., Dahlgren, R., Kraus, T.E., Saraceno, J., Spencer, R., and Bergamaschi, B., 2009, Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 376-387, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf0e4b0c8380cd49b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032942,"text":"70032942 - 2009 - Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032942","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"Non-native marine species have been and continue to be introduced into Puget Sound via several vectors including ship's ballast water. Some non-native species become invasive and negatively impact native species or near shore habitats. We present a new methodology for the development and testing of taxon specific PCR primers designed to assess environmental samples of ocean water for the presence of native and non-native bivalves, crustaceans and algae. The intergenic spacer regions (IGS; ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S) of the ribosomal DNA were sequenced for adult samples of each taxon studied. We used these data along with those available in Genbank to design taxon and group specific primers and tested their stringency against artificial populations of plasmid constructs containing the entire IGS region for each of the 25 taxa in our study, respectively. Taxon and group specific primer sets were then used to detect the presence or absence of native and non-native planktonic life-history stages (propagules) from environmental samples of ballast water and plankton tow net samples collected in Puget Sound. This methodology provides an inexpensive and efficient way to test the discriminatory ability of taxon specific oligonucleotides (PCR primers) before creating molecular probes or beacons for use in molecular ecological applications such as probe hybridizations or microarray analyses. This work addresses the current need to develop molecular tools capable of diagnosing the presence of planktonic life-history stages from non-native marine species (potential invaders) in ballast water and other environmental samples. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030","issn":"00220","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Hoy, M., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2009, Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 369, no. 2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030"}],"volume":"369","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cffe4b0c8380cd700b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J.B.J.","contributorId":90116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J.B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, M.S.","contributorId":85780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033839,"text":"70033839 - 2009 - Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033839","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1251,"text":"Climate of the Past Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction","docAbstract":"A snapshot of the thermal structure of the mid-Piacenzian ocean is obtained by combining the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM3) multiproxy sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction with bottom water tempera-5 ture estimates produced using Mg/Ca paleothermometry. This reconstruction assumes a Pliocene water mass framework similar to that which exists today, with several important modifications. The area of formation of present day North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) was expanded and extended further north toward the Arctic Ocean during the mid-Piacenzian relative to today. This, combined with a deeper Greenland-Scotland Ridge, allowed a greater volume of warmer NADW to enter the Atlantic Ocean. In the Southern Ocean, the Polar Front Zone was expanded relative to present day, but shifted closer to the Antarctic continent. This, combined with at least seasonal reduction in sea ice extent, resulted in decreased Antarctic BottomWater (AABW) production (relative to present day) as well as possible changes in the depth of intermediate wa15 ters. The reconstructed mid-Piacenzian three-dimensional ocean was warmer overall than today, and the hypothesized aerial extent of water masses appears to fit the limited stable isotopic data available for this time period. ?? Author(s) 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate of the Past Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"18149340","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., Robinson, M., and Foley, K., 2009, Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction: Climate of the Past Discussions, v. 5, no. 4, p. 1901-1928.","startPage":"1901","endPage":"1928","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c7fe4b0c8380cd79a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foley, K.M.","contributorId":41846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033038,"text":"70033038 - 2009 - Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T13:19:02","indexId":"70033038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","docAbstract":"Infection levels of eastern oysters by the unicellular pathogen Perkinsus marinus have been associated with anthropogenic influences in laboratory studies. However, these relationships have been difficult to investigate in the field because anthropogenic inputs are often associated with natural influences such as freshwater inflow, which can also affect infection levels. We addressed P. marinus-land use associations using field-collected data from Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, a developed, coastal estuary with relatively minor freshwater inputs. Ten oysters from each of 30 reefs were sampled quarterly in each of 2 years. Distances to nearest urbanized land class and to nearest stormwater outfall were measured via both tidal creeks and an elaboration of Euclidean distance. As the forms of any associations between oyster infection and distance to urbanization were unknown a priori, we used data from the first and second years of the study as exploratory and confirmatory datasets, respectively. With one exception, quarterly land use associations identified using the exploratory dataset were not confirmed using the confirmatory dataset. The exception was an association between the prevalence of moderate to high infection levels in winter and decreasing distance to nearest urban land use. Given that the study design appeared adequate to detect effects inferred from the exploratory dataset, these results suggest that effects of land use gradients were largely insubstantial or were ephemeral with duration less than 3 months.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9","issn":"09639","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Bushek, D., Drane, J.W., and Porter, D., 2009, Associations between land use and Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary: Ecotoxicology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 259-269, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee94e4b0c8380cd49e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushek, David","contributorId":23766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushek","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drane, J. Wanzer","contributorId":90943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wanzer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, Dwayne","contributorId":7506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Dwayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034390,"text":"70034390 - 2009 - Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034390","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations","docAbstract":"Porosity of stream sediments has a direct effect on hyporheic exchange patterns and rates. Improved estimates of porosity heterogeneity will yield enhanced simulation of hyporheic exchange processes. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) velocity measurements are strongly controlled by water content thus accurate measures of GPR velocity in saturated sediments provides estimates of porosity beneath stream channels using petrophysical relationships. Imaging the substream system using surface based reflection measurements is particularly challenging due to large velocity gradients that occur at the transition from open water to saturated sediments. The continuous multi-offset method improves the quality of subsurface images through stacking and provides measurements of vertical and lateral velocity distributions. We applied the continuous multi-offset method to stream sites on the North Slope, Alaska and the Sawtooth Mountains near Boise, Idaho, USA. From the continuous multi-offset data, we measure velocity using reflection tomography then estimate water content and porosity using the Topp equation. These values provide detailed measurements for improved stream channel hydraulic and thermal modelling. ?? 2009 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.","largerWorkTitle":"Near Surface Geophysics","language":"English","issn":"15694445","usgsCitation":"Brosten, T., Bradford, J., McNamara, J.P., Gooseff, M., Zarnetske, J., Bowden, W., and Johnston, M., 2009, Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations, in Near Surface Geophysics, v. 7, no. 4, p. 247-257.","startPage":"247","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fbae4b0c8380cd710d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosten, T.R.","contributorId":35985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, J.H.","contributorId":22606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, J. P.","contributorId":105551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNamara","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zarnetske, J.P.","contributorId":11032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, M.E.","contributorId":92081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033231,"text":"70033231 - 2009 - Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Coral reefs, the foundation and primary structure of many highly productive and diverse tropical marine ecosystems, have been degraded by human activity in much of the earth's tropical oceans. To contribute to improved understanding of this problem, the potential relation between river sediment and nutrient discharges and degradation of coral reefs surrounding Puerto Rico was studied using streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data. Mean annual runoff for the 8711 km2 island is 911 mm, about 57% of mean annual precipitation (1600 mm). Mean annual suspended-sediment discharge from Puerto Rico to coastal waters is estimated at 2.7-9.0 million metric tonnes. Storm runoff transports a substantial part of sediment: the highest recorded daily sediment discharge is 1-3.6 times the mean annual sediment discharge. Hurricane Georges (1998) distributed an average of 300 mm of rain across the island, equivalent to a volume of about 2.6 billion m3. Runoff of more than 1.0 billion m3 of water and as much as 5 to 10 million metric tonnes of sediment were discharged to the coast and shelf. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in river waters are as much as 10 times the estimated presettlement levels. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations in many Puerto Rico rivers are near or above regulatory limits. Unlike sediment discharges, which are predominantly episodic and intense, river-borne nutrient and fecal discharge is a less-intense but chronic stressor to coral reefs found near the mouths of rivers. Negative effects of riverderived sediment and nutrient discharge on coral reefs are especially pronounced on the north, southwest, and west coasts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0920.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Webb, R., 2009, Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 189-208, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1.","startPage":"189","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476232,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1"},{"id":240894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edee4b0c8380cd7a7d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035932,"text":"70035932 - 2009 - Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level2H-,13C- and15N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035932","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level2H-,13C- and15N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Accurate determinations of stable isotope ratios require a calibration using at least two reference materials with different isotopic compositions to anchor the isotopic scale and compensate for differences in machine slope. Ideally, the S values of these reference materials should bracket the isotopic range of samples with unknown S values. While the practice of analyzing two isotopically distinct reference materials is common for water (VSMOW-SLAP) and carbonates (NBS 19 and L-SVEC), the lack of widely available organic reference materials with distinct isotopic composition has hindered the practice when analyzing organic materials by elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). At present only L-glutamic acids USGS40 and USGS41 satisfy these requirements for ??13C and ??13N, with the limitation that L-glutamic acid is not suitable for analysis by gas chromatography (GC). We describe the development and quality testing of (i) four nicotine laboratory reference materials for on-line (i.e. continuous flow) hydrogen reductive gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-IRMS), (ii) five nicotines for oxidative C, N gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS, or GC-IRMS), and (iii) also three acetanilide and three urea reference materials for on-line oxidative EA-IRMS for C and N. Isotopic off-line calibration against international stable isotope measurement standards at Indiana University adhered to the 'principle of identical treatment'. The new reference materials cover the following isotopic ranges: ??2Hnicotine -162 to -45%o, ??13Cnicotine -30.05 to +7.72%, ?? 15Nnicotine -6.03 to +33.62%; ??15N acetanilide +1-18 to +40.57%; ??13Curea -34.13 to +11.71%, ??15Nurea +0.26 to +40.61% (recommended ?? values refer to calibration with NBS 19, L-SVEC, IAEA-N-1, and IAEA-N-2). Nicotines fill a gap as the first organic nitrogen stable isotope reference materials for GC-IRMS that are available with different ??13N values. Comparative ??13C and ??15N on-line EA-IRMS data from 14 volunteering laboratories document the usefulness and reliability of acetanilides and ureas as EA-IRMS reference materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rcm.4277","issn":"09514198","usgsCitation":"Schimmelmann, A., Albertino, A., Sauer, P., Qi, H., Molinie, R., and Mesnard, F., 2009, Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level2H-,13C- and15N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 23, no. 22, p. 3513-3521, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4277.","startPage":"3513","endPage":"3521","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4277"},{"id":244345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6652e4b0c8380cd72d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albertino, A.","contributorId":43597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertino","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, P.E.","contributorId":76335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, H.","contributorId":107910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Molinie, R.","contributorId":105557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molinie","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mesnard, F.","contributorId":30480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesnard","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036723,"text":"70036723 - 2009 - Feature pruning by upstream drainage area to support automated generalization of the United States National Hydrography Dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036723","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1317,"text":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feature pruning by upstream drainage area to support automated generalization of the United States National Hydrography Dataset","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey has been researching generalization approaches to enable multiple-scale display and delivery of geographic data. This paper presents automated methods to prune network and polygon features of the United States high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) to lower resolutions. Feature-pruning rules, data enrichment, and partitioning are derived from knowledge of surface water, the NHD model, and associated feature specification standards. Relative prominence of network features is estimated from upstream drainage area (UDA). Network and polygon features are pruned by UDA and NHD reach code to achieve a drainage density appropriate for any less detailed map scale. Data partitioning maintains local drainage density variations that characterize the terrain. For demonstration, a 48 subbasin area of 1:24 000-scale NHD was pruned to 1:100 000-scale (100 K) and compared to a benchmark, the 100 K NHD. The coefficient of line correspondence (CLC) is used to evaluate how well pruned network features match the benchmark network. CLC values of 0.82 and 0.77 result from pruning with and without partitioning, respectively. The number of polygons that remain after pruning is about seven times that of the benchmark, but the area covered by the polygons that remain after pruning is only about 10% greater than the area covered by benchmark polygons. ?? 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.07.004","issn":"01989715","usgsCitation":"Stanislawski, L., 2009, Feature pruning by upstream drainage area to support automated generalization of the United States National Hydrography Dataset: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, v. 33, no. 5, p. 325-333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.07.004.","startPage":"325","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.07.004"},{"id":245852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f45e4b0c8380cd53841","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanislawski, L.V.","contributorId":73442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislawski","given":"L.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036925,"text":"70036925 - 2009 - On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036925","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2464,"text":"Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models","docAbstract":"In hierarchical mixture models the Dirichlet process is used to specify latent patterns of heterogeneity, particularly when the distribution of latent parameters is thought to be clustered (multimodal). The parameters of a Dirichlet process include a precision parameter ?? and a base probability measure G0. In problems where ?? is unknown and must be estimated, inferences about the level of clustering can be sensitive to the choice of prior assumed for ??. In this paper an approach is developed for computing a prior for the precision parameter ?? that can be used in the presence or absence of prior information about the level of clustering. This approach is illustrated in an analysis of counts of stream fishes. The results of this fully Bayesian analysis are compared with an empirical Bayes analysis of the same data and with a Bayesian analysis based on an alternative commonly used prior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009","issn":"03783758","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., 2009, On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models: Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, v. 139, no. 9, p. 3384-3390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009.","startPage":"3384","endPage":"3390","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009"}],"volume":"139","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dace4b0c8380cd75277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035959,"text":"70035959 - 2009 - Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035959","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization","docAbstract":"The relationships among urbanization, stream hydraulics, and aquatic biology were investigated across a gradient of urbanization in 30 small basins in eastern Wisconsin, USA. Simulation of hydraulic metrics with 1-dimensional unsteady flow models was an effective means for mechanistically coupling the effects of urbanization with stream ecological conditions (i.e., algae, invertebrates, and fish). Urbanization, characterized by household, road, and urban land density, was positively correlated with the lowest shear stress for 2 adjacent transects in a reach for the low-flow summer (p < 0.001) and autumn (p < 0.01) periods. Urbanization also was positively correlated with Reynolds number and % exposed stream bed during months with moderate to low flows. Our study demonstrated the value of temporally and spatially explicit hydraulic models for providing mechanistic insight into the relationships between hydraulic variables and biological responses. For example, the positive correlation between filter-feeding invertebrate richness and minimum 2-transect shear stress observed in our study is consistent with a higher concentration of water-column particulates available for filtration. The strength of correlations between hydraulic and biological metrics is related to the time period (annual, seasonal, or monthly) considered. The hydraulic modeling approach, whether based on hourly or daily flow data, allowed documentation of the effects of a spatially variable response within a reach, and the results suggest that stream response to urbanization varies with hydraulic habitat type. ?? North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/08-157.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Steuer, J.J., Bales, J., and Giddings, E., 2009, Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 28, no. 4, p. 955-976, https://doi.org/10.1899/08-157.1.","startPage":"955","endPage":"976","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/08-157.1"},{"id":244285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a779e4b0e8fec6cdc494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giddings, E.M.P.","contributorId":36348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"E.M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035824,"text":"70035824 - 2009 - Spectral distance decay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-09T15:25:14.763781","indexId":"70035824","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral distance decay","docAbstract":"Remotely sensed data represents key information for character-izing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance may allow us to quantitatively estimate how beta-diversity in species changes with respect to spectral and ecological variability. In classical regression analysis, the residual sum of squares is minimized for the mean of the dependent variable distribution. However, many ecological datasets are characterized by a high number of zeroes that can add noise to the regression model. Quantile regression can be used to evaluate trend in the upper quantiles rather than a mean trend across the whole distribution of the dependent variable. In this paper, we used ordinary least square (OLS) and quantile regression to estimate the decay of species similarity versus spectral distance. The achieved decay rates were statistically nonzero (p < 0.05) considering both OLS and quantile regression. Nonetheless, OLS regression estimate of mean decay rate was only half the decay rate indicated by the upper quantiles. Moreover, the intercept value, representing the similarity reached when spectral distance approaches zero, was very low compared with the intercepts of upper quantiles, which detected high species similarity when habitats are more similar. In this paper we demonstrated the power of using quantile regressions applied to spectral distance decay in order to reveal species diversity patterns otherwise lost or underestimated by ordinary least square regression.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/pers.75.10.1225","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Rocchinl, D., Nagendra, H., Ghate, R., and Cade, B., 2009, Spectral distance decay: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 10, p. 1225-1230, https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.10.1225.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1225","endPage":"1230","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.10.1225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953ce4b08c986b31ae01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocchinl, D.","contributorId":40825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocchinl","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagendra, H.","contributorId":69809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagendra","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghate, R.","contributorId":12289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghate","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035820,"text":"70035820 - 2009 - A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035820","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers is presented as an alternative to two or three-dimensional distributed-parameter models, which are data intensive and require knowledge of conduit locations. This model can be applied for cases where water temperature in a well or spring receives all or part of its water from a phreatic conduit. Heat transport in the conduit is simulated by using a physically-based heat-transport equation that accounts for inflow of diffuse flow from smaller openings and fissures in the surrounding aquifer during periods of low recharge. Additional diffuse flow that is within the zone of influence of the well or spring but has not interacted with the conduit is accounted for with a binary mixing equation to proportion these different water sources. The estimation of this proportion through inverse modeling is useful for the assessment of contaminant vulnerability and well-head or spring protection. The model was applied to 7 months of continuous temperature data for a sinking stream that recharges a conduit and a pumped well open to the Madison aquifer in western South Dakota. The simulated conduit-flow fraction to the well ranged from 2% to 31% of total flow, and simulated conduit velocity ranged from 44 to 353 m/d.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.024","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Gilcrease, P., 2009, A one-dimensional heat-transport model for conduit flow in karst aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 378, no. 3-4, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.024.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.024"}],"volume":"378","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4cae4b0c8380cd4692b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilcrease, P.C.","contributorId":58116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilcrease","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036564,"text":"70036564 - 2009 - Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036564","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers","docAbstract":"There are a small number of commercially available sensors to measure rotational motion in the frequency and amplitude ranges appropriate for earthquake motions on the ground and in structures. However, the performance of these rotational seismometers has not been rigorously and independently tested and characterized for earthquake monitoring purposes as is done for translational strong- and weak-motion seismometers. Quantities such as sensitivity, frequency response, resolution, and linearity are needed for the understanding of recorded rotational data. To address this need, we, with assistance from colleagues in the United States and Taiwan, have been developing performance test methodologies and equipment for rotational seismometers. In this article the performance testing methodologies are applied to samples of a commonly used commercial rotational seismometer, the eentec model R-1. Several examples were obtained for various test sequences in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Performance testing of these sensors consisted of measuring: (1) sensitivity and frequency response; (2) clip level; (3) self noise and resolution; and (4) cross-axis sensitivity, both rotational and translational. These sensor-specific results will assist in understanding the performance envelope of the R-1 rotational seismometer, and the test methodologies can be applied to other rotational seismometers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080247","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Nigbor, R., Evans, J., and Hutt, C., 2009, Laboratory and field testing of commercial rotational seismometers: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 2 B, p. 1215-1227, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080247.","startPage":"1215","endPage":"1227","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080247"},{"id":245844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4101e4b0c8380cd65212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nigbor, R.L.","contributorId":30699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigbor","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, C. R. 0000-0001-9033-9195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":61910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036713,"text":"70036713 - 2009 - Developing collaborative classifiers using an expert-based model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-11T12:48:47.131424","indexId":"70036713","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing collaborative classifiers using an expert-based model","docAbstract":"This paper presents a hierarchical, multi-stage adaptive strategy for image classification. We iteratively apply various classification methods (e.g., decision trees, neural networks), identify regions of parametric and geographic space where accuracy is low, and in these regions, test and apply alternate methods repeating the process until the entire image is classified. Currently, classifiers are evaluated through human input using an expert-based system; therefore, this paper acts as the proof of concept for collaborative classifiers. Because we decompose the problem into smaller, more manageable sub-tasks, our classification exhibits increased flexibility compared to existing methods since classification methods are tailored to the idiosyncrasies of specific regions. A major benefit of our approach is its scalability and collaborative support since selected low-accuracy classifiers can be easily replaced with others without affecting classification accuracy in high accuracy areas. At each stage, we develop spatially explicit accuracy metrics that provide straightforward assessment of results by non-experts and point to areas that need algorithmic improvement or ancillary data. Our approach is demonstrated in the task of detecting impervious surface areas, an important indicator for human-induced alterations to the environment, using a 2001 Landsat scene from Las Vegas, Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.7.831","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Mountrakis, G., Watts, R., Luo, L., and Wang, J., 2009, Developing collaborative classifiers using an expert-based model: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 7, p. 831-843, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.7.831.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"843","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.7.831","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Las Vegas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000ee4b0c8380cd4f56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mountrakis, G.","contributorId":53204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountrakis","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, R.","contributorId":15442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luo, L.","contributorId":51515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Jingyuan","contributorId":10771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jingyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036972,"text":"70036972 - 2009 - Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T07:23:32","indexId":"70036972","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach","docAbstract":"Flow path delineation is a valuable tool for interpreting the subsurface hydrogeochemical environment. Different types of data, such as groundwater flow and transport, inform different aspects of hydrogeologic parameter values (hydraulic conductivity in this case) which, in turn, determine flow paths. This work combines flow and transport information to estimate a unified set of hydrogeologic parameters using the Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach. Parameter flexibility is allowed by using a highly parameterized approach with the level of complexity informed by the data. Despite the effort to adhere to the ideal of minimal a priori structure imposed on the problem, extreme contrasts in parameters can result in the need to censor correlation across hydrostratigraphic bounding surfaces. These partitions segregate parameters into facies associations. With an iterative approach in which partitions are based on inspection of initial estimates, flow path interpretation is progressively refined through the inclusion of more types of data. Head observations, stable oxygen isotopes (18O/16O ratios), and tritium are all used to progressively refine flow path delineation on an isthmus between two lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, United States. Despite allowing significant parameter freedom by estimating many distributed parameter values, a smooth field is obtained.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007431","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Hunt, R., Krabbenhoft, D., and Clemo, T., 2009, Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 8, W08405; 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007431.","productDescription":"W08405; 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b0fe4b0c8380cd744cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":105948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R.","contributorId":101080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D.","contributorId":84106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemo, T.","contributorId":82952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemo","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}