Relationships among landscape structure, stochastic disturbance, and genetic diversity were assessed by examining interactions between watershed-scale environmental factors and genetic diversity of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in 27 barrier-isolated watersheds from western Oregon, USA. Headwater populations of coastal cutthroat trout were genetically differentiated (mean FST = 0.33) using data from seven microsatellite loci (2232 individuals), but intrapopulation microsatellite genetic diversity (mean number of alleles per locus = 5, mean He = 0.60) was only moderate. Genetic diversity of coastal cutthroat trout was greater (P = 0.02) in the Coast Range ecoregion (mean alleles = 47) than in the Cascades ecoregion (mean alleles = 30), and differences coincided with indices of regional within-watershed complexity and connectivity. Furthermore, regional patterns of diversity evident from isolation-by-distance plots suggested that retention of within-population genetic diversity in the Coast Range ecoregion is higher than that in the Cascades, where genetic drift is the dominant factor influencing genetic patterns. Thus, it appears that physical landscape features have influenced genetic patterns in these populations isolated from short-term immigration. ?? 2008 NRC.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-090","usgsCitation":"Guy, T., Gresswell, R., and Banks, M., 2008, Landscape-scale evaluation of genetic structure among barrier-isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1749-1762, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-090.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1749","endPage":"1762","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-090"}],"volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b145c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, T.J.","contributorId":38087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banks, M. A.","contributorId":96631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000288,"text":"70000288 - 2008 - Evaluation of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering ducks in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T18:01:17.297523","indexId":"70000288","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering ducks in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Researchers have successfully designed aerial surveys that provided precise estimates of wintering populations of ducks over large physiographic regions, yet few conservation agencies have adopted these probability-based sampling designs for their surveys. We designed and evaluated an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini) other than mallards, diving ducks (tribes Aythini, Mergini, and Oxyurini), and total ducks in western Mississippi, USA. We used design-based sampling of fixed width transects to estimate population indices (Î), and we used model-based methods to correct population indices for visibility bias and estimate population abundance (N̂) for 14 surveys during winters 2002–2004. Correcting for bias increased estimates of mallards, other dabbling ducks, and diving ducks by an average of 40–48% among all surveys and contributed 48–61% of the estimated variance of N̂. However, mean-squared errors were consistently less for N̂ than Î. Estimates of N̂ met our goals for precision (CV ≤ 15%) in 7 of 14 surveys for mallards, 5 surveys for other dabbling ducks, no surveys for diving ducks, and 10 surveys for total ducks. Generally, we estimated more mallards and other dabbling ducks in mid- and late winter (Jan–Feb) than early winter (Nov–Dec) and determined that population indices from the late 1980s were nearly 3 times greater than those from our study. We developed a method to display relative densities of ducks spatially as an additional application of survey data. Our study advanced methods of estimating abundance of wintering waterfowl, and we recommend this design for continued monitoring of wintering ducks in western Mississippi and similar physiographic regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.2193/2007-471","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., Dinsmore, S., Kaminski, R.M., and Reinecke, K.J., 2008, Evaluation of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering ducks in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 6, p. 1413-1419, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-471.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1419","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.3506529084705,\n 34.8155049576614\n ],\n [\n -91.16265886235584,\n 33.804792398733014\n ],\n [\n -91.18356048811279,\n 33.03680764466297\n ],\n [\n -91.00234230882234,\n 32.525992065614446\n ],\n [\n -90.04531989694982,\n 33.13430838520391\n ],\n [\n -89.92175342496049,\n 34.38245463409882\n ],\n [\n -90.3506529084705,\n 34.8155049576614\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinsmore, Stephen J.","contributorId":61718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, Richard M.","contributorId":78205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaminski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000547,"text":"70000547 - 2008 - Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000547","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1527,"text":"Environmental Bioindicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"Blackbirds share wetland habitat with many waterfowl species in Bird Conservation Region 11 (BCR 11), the prairie potholes. Because of similar habitat preferences, there may be associations between blackbird populations and populations of one or more species of waterfowl in BCR11. This study models populations of red-winged blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds as a function of multiple waterfowl species using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey within BCR11. For each blackbird species, we created a global model with blackbird abundance modeled as a function of 11 waterfowl species; nuisance effects (year, route, and observer) also were included in the model. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in WinBUGS 1.4.1. Waterfowl abundances were weakly associated with blackbird numbers, and no single waterfowl species showed a strong correlation with any blackbird species. These findings suggest waterfowl abundance from a single species is not likely a good bioindicator of blackbird abundance; however, a global model provided good fit for predicting red-winged blackbird abundance. Increased model complexity may be required for accurate predictions of blackbird abundance; the amount of data required to construct appropriate models may limit this approach for predicting blackbird abundance in the prairie potholes. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Bioindicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15555270802275434","issn":"15555275","usgsCitation":"Forcey, G., Linz, G., Thogmartin, W., and Bleier, W., 2008, Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada: Environmental Bioindicators, v. 3, no. 2, p. 124-135, https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802275434.","startPage":"124","endPage":"135","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15555270802275434"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69975c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcey, G.M.","contributorId":57998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcey","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linz, G.M.","contributorId":70877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linz","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleier, W.J.","contributorId":79194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleier","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000558,"text":"70000558 - 2008 - Investigation of hydrophobic contaminants in an urban slough system using passive sampling - Insights from sampling rate calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000558","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of hydrophobic contaminants in an urban slough system using passive sampling - Insights from sampling rate calculations","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in the Columbia Slough, near Portland, Oregon, on three separate occasions to measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) in the slough. Concentrations of PAHs and OCs in SPMDs showed spatial and seasonal differences among sites and indicated that unusually high flows in the spring of 2006 diluted the concentrations of many of the target contaminants. However, the same PAHs - pyrene, fluoranthene, and the alkylated homologues of phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluorene - and OCs - polychlorinated biphenyls, pentachloroanisole, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, and the metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) - predominated throughout the system during all three deployment periods. The data suggest that storm washoff may be a predominant source of PAHs in the slough but that OCs are ubiquitous, entering the slough by a variety of pathways. Comparison of SPMDs deployed on the stream bed with SPMDs deployed in the overlying water column suggests that even for the very hydrophobic compounds investigated, bed sediments may not be a predominant source in this system. Perdeuterated phenanthrene (phenanthrene-d10). spiked at a rate of 2 ??g per SPMD, was shown to be a reliable performance reference compound (PRC) under the conditions of these deployments. Post-deployment concentrations of the PRC revealed differences in sampling conditions among sites and between seasons, but indicate that for SPMDs deployed throughout the main slough channel, differences in sampling rates were small enough to make site-to-site comparisons of SPMD concentrations straightforward. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-007-0014-7","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K., 2008, Investigation of hydrophobic contaminants in an urban slough system using passive sampling - Insights from sampling rate calculations: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 145, no. 1-3, p. 31-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0014-7.","startPage":"31","endPage":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0014-7"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db530fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70000305,"text":"70000305 - 2008 - Q for P waves in the sediments of the Virginia Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000305","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Q for P waves in the sediments of the Virginia Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"The seismic quality factor Q for P waves in Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments is estimated using data from the 2004 U.S. Geological Survey seismic survey in eastern Virginia. The estimates are based on spectral ratios derived from reflections and sediment-guided P waves in Late Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments within the annular trough of the Late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The estimates of Q for the frequency range of 10-150 Hz are from 75 to 100, with the best estimate of 80 based on multichannel stacking of spectral ratios from receivers in the offset range of 200-2000 m. This result is approximately a factor of 2 larger than the results previously reported for the Charleston, South Carolina, area, and it is approximately one-half of that recently reported for the Mississippi Embayment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070170","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M., Beale, J., and Catchings, R.D., 2008, Q for P waves in the sediments of the Virginia Coastal Plain: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 2022-2032, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070170.","startPage":"2022","endPage":"2032","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18777,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070170"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, M.C.","contributorId":13727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beale, J.N.","contributorId":66827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beale","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000286,"text":"70000286 - 2008 - Effect of soil disturbance on recharging fluxes: Case study on the Snake River Plain, Idaho National Laboratory, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000286","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of soil disturbance on recharging fluxes: Case study on the Snake River Plain, Idaho National Laboratory, USA","docAbstract":"Soil structural disturbance influences the downward flow of water that percolates deep enough to become aquifer recharge. Data from identical experiments in an undisturbed silt-loam soil and in an adjacent simulated waste trench composed of the same soil material, but disturbed, included (1) laboratory- and field-measured unsaturated hydraulic properties and (2) field-measured transient water content profiles through 24 h of ponded infiltration and 75 d of redistribution. In undisturbed soil, wetting fronts were highly diffuse above 2 m depth, and did not go much deeper than 2 m. Darcian analysis suggests an average recharge rate less than 2 mm/year. In disturbed soil, wetting fronts were sharp and initial infiltration slower; water moved slowly below 2 m without obvious impediment. Richards' equation simulations with realistic conditions predicted sharp wetting fronts, as observed for disturbed soil. Such simulations were adequate for undisturbed soil only if started from a post-initial moisture distribution that included about 3 h of infiltration. These late-started simulations remained good, however, through the 76 d of data. Overall results suggest the net effect of soil disturbance, although it reduces preferential flow, may be to increase recharge by disrupting layer contrasts. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-007-0261-2","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., and Perkins, K., 2008, Effect of soil disturbance on recharging fluxes: Case study on the Snake River Plain, Idaho National Laboratory, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 16, no. 5, p. 829-844, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0261-2.","startPage":"829","endPage":"844","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18762,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0261-2"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, K. S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":77557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000266,"text":"70000266 - 2008 - An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000266","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species","docAbstract":"The genetic impacts of hybridization between native and introduced species are of considerable conservation concern, while the possibility of reticulate evolution affects our basic understanding of how species arise and shapes how we use genetic data to understand evolutionary diversification. By using mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) sequences and 467 amplified fragment-length polymorphism nuclear DNA markers, we show that the introduced white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) has hybridized with two species native to the Colorado River Basin - the flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) and the bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus). Hybrids between the flannelmouth sucker and white sucker have facilitated introgression between the two native species, previously isolated by reproductive barriers, such that individuals exist with contributions from all three genomes. Most hybrids had the mitochondrial haplotype of the introduced white sucker, emphasizing its pivotal role in this three-way hybridization. Our findings highlight how introduced species can threaten the genetic integrity of not only one species but also multiple previously reproductively isolated species. Furthermore, this complex three-way reticulate (as opposed to strictly bifurcating) evolution suggests that seeking examples in other vertebrate systems might be productive. Although the present study involved an introduced species, similar patterns of hybridization could result from natural processes, including stream capture or geological formations (e.g., the Bering land bridge). ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0712002105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"McDonald, D., Parchman, T., Bower, M., Hubert, W., and Rahel, F., 2008, An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 31, p. 10837-10842, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712002105.","startPage":"10837","endPage":"10842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476487,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2504823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712002105"}],"volume":"105","issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, D.B.","contributorId":82032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parchman, T.L.","contributorId":78063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchman","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bower, M.R.","contributorId":14094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahel, F.J.","contributorId":82037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahel","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}