We use data from two seismic networks and satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery to characterize the 22 December 2003 Mw 6.5 San Simeon earthquake sequence. Absolute locations for the mainshock and nearly 10,000 aftershocks were determined using a new three-dimensional (3D) seismic velocity model; relative locations were obtained using double difference. The mainshock location found using the 3D velocity model is 35.704° N, 121.096° W at a depth of 9.7±0.7 km. The aftershocks concentrate at the northwest and southeast parts of the aftershock zone, between the mapped traces of the Oceanic and Nacimiento fault zones. The northwest end of the mainshock rupture, as defined by the aftershocks, projects from the mainshock hypocenter to the surface a few kilometers west of the mapped trace of the Oceanic fault, near the Santa Lucia Range front and the >5 mm postseismic InSAR imagery contour. The Oceanic fault in this area, as mapped by Hall (1991), is therefore probably a second-order synthetic thrust or reverse fault that splays upward from the main seismogenic fault at depth. The southeast end of the rupture projects closer to the mapped Oceanic fault trace, suggesting much of the slip was along this fault, or at a minimum is accommodating much of the postseismic deformation. InSAR imagery shows ∼72 mm of postseismic uplift in the vicinity of maximum coseismic slip in the central section of the rupture, and ∼48 and ∼45 mm at the northwest and southeast end of the aftershock zone, respectively. From these observations, we model a ∼30-km-long northwest-trending northeast-dipping mainshock rupture surface—called the mainthrust—which is likely the Oceanic fault at depth, a ∼10-km-long southwest-dipping backthrust parallel to the mainthrust near the hypocenter, several smaller southwest-dipping structures in the southeast, and perhaps additional northeast-dipping or subvertical structures southeast of the mainshock plane. Discontinuous backthrust features opposite the mainthrust in the southeast part of the aftershock zone may offset the relic Nacimiento fault zone at depth. The InSAR data image surface deformation associated with both aseismic slip and aftershock production on the mainthrust and the backthrusts at the northwest and southeast ends of the aftershock zone. The well-defined mainthrust at the latitude of the epicenter and antithetic backthrust illuminated by the aftershock zone indicate uplift of the Santa Lucia Range as a popup block; aftershocks in the southeast part of the zone also indicate a popup block, but it is less well defined. The absence of backthrust features in the central part of the zone suggests range-front uplift by fault-propagation folding, or backthrusts in the central part were not activated during the mainshock.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120070088","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McLaren, M.K., Hardebeck, J.L., van der Elst, N., Unruh, J.R., Bawden, G.W., and Blair, J.L., 2008, Complex faulting associated with the 22 December 2003 Mw 6.5 San Simeon California, earthquake, aftershocks and postseismic surface deformation: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 1659-1680, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070088.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1680","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaren, Marcia K.","contributorId":139042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaren","given":"Marcia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12624,"text":"PG&E","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van der Elst, Nicholas 0000-0002-3812-1153 nvanderelst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-1153","contributorId":147858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Elst","given":"Nicholas","email":"nvanderelst@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unruh, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":12122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blair, J. Luke 0000-0002-6980-6446 lblair@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-6446","contributorId":4146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J.","email":"lblair@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Luke","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000293,"text":"70000293 - 2008 - The decline of winter monsoon velocity in the South China Sea through the 20th century: Evidence from the Sr/Ca records in corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000293","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The decline of winter monsoon velocity in the South China Sea through the 20th century: Evidence from the Sr/Ca records in corals","docAbstract":"A modern massive Porites coral was collected from the Longwan Bay (19??20???N, 110??39???E) on the east coast of the Hainan Island, China. The coral was sectioned vertical to the growth axis into discs of double density-bands representing annual growth. The samples were analyzed for the Sr/Ca ratio by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The history of winter sea-surface temperature (SST) is reconstructed using the Sr/Ca ratio in winter bands of corals. The winter SST at Xisha in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS) is weakly correlated with the instrument-measured winter monsoon velocity (WMV) with a correlation coefficient of 0.19. The winter SST data from corals at Longwan Bay, Hainan, in the northern SCS are moderately correlated with the WMV (r = 0.40). Interestingly we found that the difference of winter SSTs between the two sites (Xisha and Longwan Bay, Hainan) (the X-H index) is significantly negatively correlated with the WMV (r = - 0.73). This negative correlation may be related to the intrusion of the warm Kuroshio Current into the SCS through the Luzon Strait promoted by the strong northeastern monsoon winds in the winter. Using the relationship between our coralline data and observed WMV, the calculated winter monsoon velocity (WMVc) was obtained for 87??years. This data set in combination with the instrument-measured data between 1993 and 1998 generate a record of WMVc for a period of 93??years from 1906 to 1998. The WMVc in the 20th century shows significant interannual and decadal variability with a trend of persistent decline in the whole 20th century at the rate of decrease of - 0.02 (m/s)/a. The lowest wind velocity occurred during the last two decades of the 20th century. The WMVc has decreased significantly by about 30% from the early to the late of 20th century. The 20th century decline of winter monsoon velocity evidenced from the SCS coral records is consistent with the atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) simulations for monsoon response to increasing temperatures. In addition, an obvious decline shift of WMV around 1976 can be seen in both instrumental and proxy records and it coincides with many other Pacific records. This shift is likely to correspond to a Pacific-wide change in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation occurring at the same time. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.05.003","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Liu, Y., Peng, Z., Chen, T., Wei, G., Sun, W., Sun, R., He, J., Liu, G., Chou, C.L., and Zartman, R., 2008, The decline of winter monsoon velocity in the South China Sea through the 20th century: Evidence from the Sr/Ca records in corals: Global and Planetary Change, v. 63, no. 1, p. 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.05.003.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.05.003"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66880d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Yajing","contributorId":16553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yajing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, T.","contributorId":107836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, G.","contributorId":105415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sun, W.","contributorId":69692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sun, R.","contributorId":10137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, J.","contributorId":95993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70000031,"text":"70000031 - 2008 - Hydrologic models of modern and fossil geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Genetic implications for epithermal Au-Ag and Carlin-type gold deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000031","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic models of modern and fossil geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Genetic implications for epithermal Au-Ag and Carlin-type gold deposits","docAbstract":"The Great Basin region in the western United States contains active geothermal systems, large epithermal Au-Ag deposits, and world-class Carlin-type gold deposits. Temperature profiles, fluid inclusion studies, and isotopic evidence suggest that modern and fossil hydrothermal systems associated with gold mineralization share many common features, including the absence of a clear magmatic fluid source, discharge areas restricted to fault zones, and remarkably high temperatures (>200 ??C) at shallow depths (200-1500 m). While the plumbing of these systems varies, geochemical and isotopic data collected at the Dixie Valley and Beowawe geothermal systems suggest that fluid circulation along fault zones was relatively deep (>5 km) and comprised of relatively unexchanged Pleistocene meteoric water with small (<2.5%) shifts from the meteoric water line (MWL). Many fossil ore-forming systems were also dominated by meteoric water, but usually exhibit ??18O fluid-rock interactions with larger shifts of 5???-20??? from the MWL. Here we present a suite of two-dimensional regional (100 km) and local (40-50 km) scale hydrologic models that we have used to study the plumbing of modern and Tertiary hydrothermal systems of the Great Basin. Geologically and geophysically consistent cross sections were used to generate somewhat idealized hydrogeologic models for these systems that include the most important faults, aquifers, and confining units in their approximate configurations. Multiple constraints were used, including enthalpy, ??18O, silica compositions of fluids and/or rocks, groundwater residence times, fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures, and apatite fission track anomalies. Our results suggest that these hydrothermal systems were driven by natural thermal convection along anisotropic, subvertical faults connected in many cases at depth by permeable aquifers within favorable lithostratigraphic horizons. Those with minimal fluid ?? 18O shifts are restricted to high-permeability fault zones and relatively small-scale (???5 km), single-pass flow systems (e.g., Beowawe). Those with intermediate to large isotopic shifts (e.g., epithermal and Carlin-type Au) had larger-scale (???15 km) loop convection cells with a greater component of flow through marine sedimentary rocks at lower water/rock ratios and greater endowments of gold. Enthalpy calculations constrain the duration of Carlin-type gold systems to probably <200 k.y. Shallow heat flow gradients and fluid silica concentrations suggest that the duration of the modern Beowawe system is <5 k.y. However, fluid flow at Beowawe during the Quaternary must have been episodic with a net duration of ???200 k.y. to account for the amount of silica in the sinter deposits. In the Carlin trend, fluid circulation extended down into Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks, which afforded more mixing with isotopically enriched higher enthalpy fluids. Computed fission track ages along the Carlin trend included the convective effects, and ranged between 91.6 and 35.3 Ma. Older fission track ages occurred in zones of groundwater recharge, and the younger ages occurred in discharge areas. This is largely consistent with fission track ages reported in recent studies. We found that either an amagmatic system with more permeable faults (10-11 m2) or a magmatic system with less permeable faults (10-13 m2) could account for the published isotopic and thermal data along the Carlin trend systems. Localized high heat flow beneath the Muleshoe fault was needed to match fl uid inclusion temperatures at Mule Canyon. However, both magmatic and amagmatic scenarios require the existence of deep, permeable faults to bring hot fluids to the near surface. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00150.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Person, M., Banerjee, A., Hofstra, A., Sweetkind, D., and Gao, Y., 2008, Hydrologic models of modern and fossil geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Genetic implications for epithermal Au-Ag and Carlin-type gold deposits: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 5, p. 888-917, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00150.1.","startPage":"888","endPage":"917","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487109,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00150.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00150.1"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686266","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, M.","contributorId":20876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banerjee, A.","contributorId":26411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banerjee","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":43084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetkind, D.","contributorId":83645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gao, Y.","contributorId":82437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000240,"text":"70000240 - 2008 - Landscape complexity and soil moisture variation in south Georgia, USA, for remote sensing applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000240","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape complexity and soil moisture variation in south Georgia, USA, for remote sensing applications","docAbstract":"This research addressed the temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture (SM) in a heterogeneous landscape. The research objective was to investigate soil moisture variation in eight homogeneous 30 by 30 m plots, similar to the pixel size of a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) image. The plots were adjacent to eight stations of an in situ soil moisture network operated by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service USDA-ARS in Tifton, GA. We also studied five adjacent agricultural fields to examine the effect of different landuses/land covers (LULC) (grass, orchard, peanuts, cotton and bare soil) on the temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture. Soil moisture field data were collected on eight occasions throughout 2005 and January 2006 to establish comparisons within and among eight homogeneous plots. Consistently throughout time, analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed high variation in the soil moisture behavior among the plots and high homogeneity in the soil moisture behavior within them. A precipitation analysis for the eight sampling dates throughout the year 2005 showed similar rainfall conditions for the eight study plots. Therefore, soil moisture variation among locations was explained by in situ local conditions. Temporal stability geostatistical analysis showed that soil moisture has high temporal stability within the small plots and that a single point reading can be used to monitor soil moisture status for the plot within a maximum 3% volume/volume (v/v) soil moisture variation. Similarly, t-statistic analysis showed that soil moisture status in the upper soil layer changes within 24 h. We found statistical differences in the soil moisture between the different LULC in the agricultural fields as well as statistical differences between these fields and the adjacent 30 by 30 m plots. From this analysis, it was demonstrated that spatial proximity is not enough to produce similar soil moisture, since t-test's among adjacent plots with different LULCs showed significant differences. These results confirm that a remote sensing approach that considers homogeneous LULC landscape fragments can be used to identify landscape units of similar soil moisture behavior under heterogeneous landscapes. In addition, the in situ USDA-ARS network will serve better in remote sensing studies in which sensors with fine spatial resolution are evaluated. This study is a first step towards identifying landscape units that can be monitored using the single point reading of the USDA-ARS stations network. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.029","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Giraldo, M., Bosch, D., Madden, M., Usery, L., and Kvien, C., 2008, Landscape complexity and soil moisture variation in south Georgia, USA, for remote sensing applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 357, no. 3-4, p. 405-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.029.","startPage":"405","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.029"}],"volume":"357","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giraldo, M.A.","contributorId":65591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bosch, D.","contributorId":83241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, L.","contributorId":76442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kvien, Craig","contributorId":33434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvien","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000298,"text":"70000298 - 2008 - Mapping regional distribution of a single tree species: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000298","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping regional distribution of a single tree species: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Moderate resolution satellite imagery traditionally has been thought to be inadequate for mapping vegetation at the species level. This has made comprehensive mapping of regional distributions of sensitive species, such as whitebark pine, either impractical or extremely time consuming. We sought to determine whether using a combination of moderate resolution satellite imagery (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), extensive stand data collected by land management agencies for other purposes, and modern statistical classification techniques (boosted classification trees) could result in successful mapping of whitebark pine. Overall classification accuracies exceeded 90%, with similar individual class accuracies. Accuracies on a localized basis varied based on elevation. Accuracies also varied among administrative units, although we were not able to determine whether these differences related to inherent spatial variations or differences in the quality of available reference data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sensors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3390/s8084983","issn":"14248220","usgsCitation":"Landenburger, L., Lawrence, R., Podruzny, S., and Schwartz, C., 2008, Mapping regional distribution of a single tree species: Whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Sensors, v. 8, no. 8, p. 4983-4994, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8084983.","startPage":"4983","endPage":"4994","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476492,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8084983","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18771,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s8084983"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64980f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landenburger, L.","contributorId":108237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landenburger","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, R.L.","contributorId":88315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Podruzny, S.","contributorId":106624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000224,"text":"70000224 - 2008 - Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:12:26","indexId":"70000224","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas","docAbstract":"Most examples of positive population responses to marine protected areas (MPAs) have been documented for tropical reef species with very small home ranges; the utility of MPAs for commercially harvested temperate species that have large movement patterns remains poorly tested. We measured the distribution and abundance of red king Paralithodes camtschaticus and Tanner Chionoecetes bairdi crabs inside and outside of MPAs in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA. By tagging a sub-sample of crabs with sonic tags, we estimated the movement of adult crabs from one of the MPAs (Muir Inlet) into the central portion of Glacier Bay where fishing still occurs. Tanner crabs and red king crabs moved similar average distances per day, although Tanner crabs had a higher transfer out of the Muir Inlet MPA into the central bay. Tanner crab movements were characterized by large variation among individual crabs, both in distance and direction traveled, while red king crabs migrated seasonally between 2 specific areas. Although Tanner crabs exhibited relatively large movements, distribution and abundance data suggest that they may be restricted at large spatial scales by habitat barriers. MPAs that are effective at protecting king and especially Tanner crab brood stock from fishing mortality will likely need to be larger than is typical of MPAs worldwide. However, by incorporating information on the seasonal movements of red king crabs and the location of habitat barriers for Tanner crabs, MPAs could likely be designed that would effectively protect adults from fishing mortality. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07493","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., Mondragon, J., Andrews, A., and Nielsen, J., 2008, Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 365, p. 151-163, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07493.","startPage":"151","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476493,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07493","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07493"},{"id":203651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"365","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, A.G.","contributorId":92401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, J.K.","contributorId":84488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000233,"text":"70000233 - 2008 - Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000233","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems","docAbstract":"Floodplains provide valuable social and ecological functions, and understanding the rates and patterns of overbank sedimentation is critical for river basin management and rehabilitation. Channelization of alluvial systems throughout the world has altered hydrological and sedimentation processes within floodplain ecosystems. In the loess belt region of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of the United States, channelization, the geology of the region, and past land-use practices have resulted in the formation of dozens of valley plugs in stream channels and the formation of shoals at the confluence of stream systems. Valley plugs completely block stream channels with sediment and debris and can result in greater deposition rates on floodplain surfaces. Presently, however, information is lacking on the rates and variability of overbank sedimentation associated with valley plugs and shoals. We quantified deposition rates and textures in floodplains along channelized streams that contained valley plugs and shoals, in addition to floodplains occurring along an unchannelized stream, to improve our understanding of overbank sedimentation associated with channelized streams. Feldspar clay marker horizons and marker poles were used to measure floodplain deposition from 2002 to 2005 and data were analyzed with geospatial statistics to determine the spatial dynamics of sedimentation within the floodplains. Mean sediment deposition rates ranged from 0.09 to 0.67??cm/y at unchannelized sites, 0.16 to 2.27??cm/y at shoal sites, and 3.44 to 6.20??cm/y at valley plug sites. Valley plug sites had greater rates of deposition, and the deposited sediments contained more coarse sand material than either shoal or unchannelized sites. A total of 59 of 183 valley plug study plots had mean deposition rates > 5??cm/y. The geospatial analyses showed that the spatial dynamics of sedimentation can be influenced by the formation of valley plugs and shoals on channelized streams; however, responses can vary. Restoration efforts in the region need to have basinwide collaboration with landowners and address catchment-scale processes, including the geomorphic instability of the region, to be successful. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.008","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Pierce, A.R., and King, S., 2008, Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems: Geomorphology, v. 100, no. 3-4, p. 256-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.008.","startPage":"256","endPage":"268","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.008"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a406","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Aaron R.","contributorId":94421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33463,"text":"Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000254,"text":"70000254 - 2008 - Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000254","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna","docAbstract":"The growth patterns of macroalgae in three-dimensional space can provide important information regarding the environments in which they live, and insights into changes that may occur when those environments change due to anthropogenic and/or natural causes. To decipher these patterns and their attendant mechanisms and influencing factors, a spatially explicit model has been developed. The model SPREAD (SPatially-explicit Reef Algae Dynamics), which incorporates the key morphogenetic characteristics of clonality and morphological plasticity, is used to investigate the influences of light, temperature, nutrients and disturbance on the growth and spatial occupancy of dominant macroalgae in the Florida Reef Tract. The model species, Halimeda and Dictyota spp., are modular organisms, with an 'individual' being made up of repeating structures. These species can also propagate asexually through clonal fragmentation. These traits lead to potentially indefinite growth and plastic morphology that can respond to environmental conditions in various ways. The growth of an individual is modeled as the iteration of discrete macroalgal modules whose dynamics are affected by the light, temperature, and nutrient regimes. Fragmentation is included as a source of asexual reproduction and/or mortality. Model outputs are the same metrics that are obtained in the field, thus allowing for easy comparison. The performance of SPREAD was tested through sensitivity analysis and comparison with independent field data from four study sites in the Florida Reef Tract. Halimeda tuna was selected for initial model comparisons because the relatively untangled growth form permits detailed characterization in the field. Differences in the growth patterns of H. tuna were observed among these reefs. SPREAD was able to closely reproduce these variations, and indicate the potential importance of light and nutrient variations in producing these patterns. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.016","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Yniguez, A., McManus, J., and DeAngelis, D., 2008, Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna: Ecological Modelling, v. 216, no. 1, p. 60-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.016.","startPage":"60","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.016"}],"volume":"216","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687777","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yniguez, A.T.","contributorId":93611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yniguez","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, J.W.","contributorId":61552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000219,"text":"70000219 - 2008 - Calibrating and testing a gap model for simulating forest management in the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000219","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibrating and testing a gap model for simulating forest management in the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"The complex mix of economic and ecological objectives facing today's forest managers necessitates the development of growth models with a capacity for simulating a wide range of forest conditions while producing outputs useful for economic analyses. We calibrated the gap model ZELIG to simulate stand-level forest development in the Oregon Coast Range as part of a landscape-scale assessment of different forest management strategies. Our goal was to incorporate the predictive ability of an empirical model with the flexibility of a forest succession model. We emphasized the development of commercial-aged stands of Douglas-fir, the dominant tree species in the study area and primary source of timber. In addition, we judged that the ecological approach of ZELIG would be robust to the variety of other forest conditions and practices encountered in the Coast Range, including mixed-species stands, small-scale gap formation, innovative silvicultural methods, and reserve areas where forests grow unmanaged for long periods of time. We parameterized the model to distinguish forest development among two ecoregions, three forest types and two site productivity classes using three data sources: chronosequences of forest inventory data, long-term research data, and simulations from an empirical growth-and-yield model. The calibrated model was tested with independent, long-term measurements from 11 Douglas-fir plots (6 unthinned, 5 thinned), 3 spruce-hemlock plots, and 1 red alder plot. ZELIG closely approximated developmental trajectories of basal area and large trees in the Douglas-fir plots. Differences between simulated and observed conifer basal area for these plots ranged from -2.6 to 2.4 m2/ha; differences in the number of trees/ha ???50 cm dbh ranged from -8.8 to 7.3 tph. Achieving these results required the use of a diameter-growth multiplier, suggesting some underlying constraints on tree growth such as the temperature response function. ZELIG also tended to overestimate regeneration of shade-tolerant trees and underestimate total tree density (i.e., higher rates of tree mortality). However, comparisons with the chronosequences of forest inventory data indicated that the simulated data are within the range of variability observed in the Coast Range. Further exploration and improvement of ZELIG is warranted in three key areas: (1) modeling rapid rates of conifer tree growth without the need for a diameter-growth multiplier; (2) understanding and remedying rates of tree mortality that were higher than those observed in the independent data; and (3) improving the tree regeneration module to account for competition with understory vegetation. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.046","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Pabst, R., Goslin, M., Garman, S., and Spies, T., 2008, Calibrating and testing a gap model for simulating forest management in the Oregon Coast Range: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 256, no. 5, p. 958-972, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.046.","startPage":"958","endPage":"972","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18727,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.046"}],"volume":"256","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pabst, R.J.","contributorId":82435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goslin, M.N.","contributorId":107404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goslin","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garman, S.L.","contributorId":17203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spies, T.A.","contributorId":81224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000221,"text":"70000221 - 2008 - Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:38:05","indexId":"70000221","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets","docAbstract":"Satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data have been used extensively to detect and monitor vegetation conditions at regional and global levels. A combination of NDVI data sets derived from AVHRR and MODIS can be used to construct a long NDVI time series that may also be extended to VIIRS. Comparative analysis of NDVI data derived from AVHRR and MODIS is critical to understanding the data continuity through the time series. In this study, the AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI products were compared using regression and agreement analysis methods. The analysis shows a high agreement between the AVHRR-NDVI and MODIS-NDVI observed from 2002 and 2003 for the conterminous United States, but the difference between the two data sets is appreciable. Twenty per cent of the total difference between the two data sets is due to systematic difference, with the remainder due to unsystematic difference. The systematic difference can be eliminated with a linear regression-based transformation between two data sets, and the unsystematic difference can be reduced partially by applying spatial filters to the data. We conclude that the continuity of NDVI time series from AVHRR to MODIS is satisfactory, but a linear transformation between the two sets is recommended.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160801927194","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Gallo, K.P., Eidenshink, J.C., and Dwyer, J.L., 2008, Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 29, no. 16, p. 4839-4861, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160801927194.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"4839","endPage":"4861","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160801927194"}],"volume":"29","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":345142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000174,"text":"70000174 - 2008 - Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000174","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species","docAbstract":"Predicting suitable habitat and the potential distribution of invasive species is a high priority for resource managers and systems ecologists. Most models are designed to identify habitat characteristics that define the ecological niche of a species with little consideration to individual species' traits. We tested five commonly used modelling methods on two invasive plant species, the habitat generalist Bromus tectorum and habitat specialist Tamarix chinensis, to compare model performances, evaluate predictability, and relate results to distribution traits associated with each species. Most of the tested models performed similarly for each species; however, the generalist species proved to be more difficult to predict than the specialist species. The highest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values with independent validation data sets of B. tectorum and T. chinensis was 0.503 and 0.885, respectively. Similarly, a confusion matrix for B. tectorum had the highest overall accuracy of 55%, while the overall accuracy for T. chinensis was 85%. Models for the generalist species had varying performances, poor evaluations, and inconsistent results. This may be a result of a generalist's capability to persist in a wide range of environmental conditions that are not easily defined by the data, independent variables or model design. Models for the specialist species had consistently strong performances, high evaluations, and similar results among different model applications. This is likely a consequence of the specialist's requirement for explicit environmental resources and ecological barriers that are easily defined by predictive models. Although defining new invaders as generalist or specialist species can be challenging, model performances and evaluations may provide valuable information on a species' potential invasiveness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Evangelista, P., Kumar, S., Stohlgren, T., Jarnevich, C., Crall, A., Norman, J.B., and Barnett, D., 2008, Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species: Diversity and Distributions, v. 14, no. 5, p. 808-817, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x.","startPage":"808","endPage":"817","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476494,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18708,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00486.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69972e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evangelista, P.H.","contributorId":31708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crall, A.W.","contributorId":75873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crall","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norman, J. B. III","contributorId":31511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnett, D.T.","contributorId":99504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70000266,"text":"70000266 - 2008 - An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000266","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species","docAbstract":"The genetic impacts of hybridization between native and introduced species are of considerable conservation concern, while the possibility of reticulate evolution affects our basic understanding of how species arise and shapes how we use genetic data to understand evolutionary diversification. By using mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) sequences and 467 amplified fragment-length polymorphism nuclear DNA markers, we show that the introduced white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) has hybridized with two species native to the Colorado River Basin - the flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) and the bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus). Hybrids between the flannelmouth sucker and white sucker have facilitated introgression between the two native species, previously isolated by reproductive barriers, such that individuals exist with contributions from all three genomes. Most hybrids had the mitochondrial haplotype of the introduced white sucker, emphasizing its pivotal role in this three-way hybridization. Our findings highlight how introduced species can threaten the genetic integrity of not only one species but also multiple previously reproductively isolated species. Furthermore, this complex three-way reticulate (as opposed to strictly bifurcating) evolution suggests that seeking examples in other vertebrate systems might be productive. Although the present study involved an introduced species, similar patterns of hybridization could result from natural processes, including stream capture or geological formations (e.g., the Bering land bridge). ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0712002105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"McDonald, D., Parchman, T., Bower, M., Hubert, W., and Rahel, F., 2008, An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 31, p. 10837-10842, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712002105.","startPage":"10837","endPage":"10842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476487,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2504823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712002105"}],"volume":"105","issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, D.B.","contributorId":82032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parchman, T.L.","contributorId":78063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchman","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bower, M.R.","contributorId":14094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahel, F.J.","contributorId":82037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahel","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000278,"text":"70000278 - 2008 - Evidence for an apical Na-Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in a teleost fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000278","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an apical Na-Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in a teleost fish","docAbstract":"Cation-chloride cotransporters, such as the Na+/K +/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) and Na+/Cl - cotransporter (NCC), are localized to the apical or basolateral plasma membranes of epithelial cells and are involved in active ion absorption or secretion. The objectives of this study were to clone and identify 'freshwater-type' and 'seawater-type' cation-chloride cotransporters of euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and to determine their intracellular localization patterns within mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs). From tilapia gills, we cloned four full-length cDNAs homologous to human cation-chloride cotransporters and designated them as tilapia NKCC1a, NKCC1b, NKCC2 and NCC. Out of the four candidates, the mRNA encoding NKCC1a was highly expressed in the yolk-sac membrane and gills (sites of the MRC localization) of seawater-acclimatized fish, whereas the mRNA encoding NCC was exclusively expressed in the yolk-sac membrane and gills of freshwater-acclimatized fish. We then generated antibodies specific for tilapia NKCC1a and NCC and conducted whole-mount immunofluorescence staining for NKCC1a and NCC, together with Na+/K+-ATPase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), on the yolk-sac membrane of tilapia embryos acclimatized to freshwater or seawater. The simultaneous quintuple-color immunofluorescence staining allowed us to classify MRCs clearly into four types: types I, II, III and IV. The NKCC1a immunoreactivity was localized to the basolateral membrane of seawater-specific type-IV MRCs, whereas the NCC immunoreactivity was restricted to the apical membrane of freshwater-specific type-II MRCs. Taking account of these data at the level of both mRNA and protein, we deduce that NKCC1a is the seawater-type cotransporter involved in ion secretion by type-IV MRCs and that NCC is the freshwater-type cotransporter involved in ion absorption by type-II MRCs. We propose a novel ion-uptake model by MRCs in freshwater that incorporates apically located NCC. We also reevaluate a traditional ion-uptake model incorporating NHE3; the mRNA was highly expressed in freshwater, and the immunoreactivity was found at the apical membrane of other freshwater-specific MRCs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1242/jeb.018663","issn":"00220949","usgsCitation":"Hiroi, J., Yasumasu, S., McCormick, S., Hwang, P., and Kaneko, T., 2008, Evidence for an apical Na-Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in a teleost fish: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 211, no. 16, p. 2584-2599, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.018663.","startPage":"2584","endPage":"2599","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.018663"}],"volume":"211","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiroi, J.","contributorId":48289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiroi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yasumasu, S.","contributorId":12164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasumasu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, P.-P.","contributorId":87665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"P.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaneko, T.","contributorId":31509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaneko","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000241,"text":"70000241 - 2008 - Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000241","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"We provide textural, geochemical, and mineralogical data on a thin, silty deposit that unconformably mantles glaciated uplands in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Previous research on this deposit, which we hypothesize to be loess, is nonexistent. The uplands were islands or narrow peninsulas within one or more glacial lakes. We compare the distribution, likely source and nature of the 20-60??cm thick silty mantle by using the loess formation model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223-236], which focuses on the generation of eolian silt by saltating sand across upwind, barren surfaces. Parabolic dunes, with arms open to the NW, are common on former lake floors upwind of the silt-mantled uplands, attesting to the strength and direction of paleowinds. The abrupt termination of the dunes at the footslopes of the uplands, associated with silt deposition on upland soil surfaces in downwind locations, are both consistent with the model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223-236]. Sediments on former lake floors contain abundant strata of fine/medium sand and silt, and thus are likely sources for the silt and dune sand. The cap, dune and lake sediments are similar along many different geochemical axes, whereas the substrate sediment, i.e., the drift below the cap, is unique. Cap sediments, normally containing roughly 30% silt, are enriched in quartz and depleted in Ti and Zr, relative to dune sediment. The dune sediment, a more residual eolian deposit, is enriched in Ti and Zr, relative to the cap, probably due to its greater abundance of heavy minerals. Therefore, we conclude that the silty cap is loess that was deflated from abandoned lake floors after nearby glacial lakes drained, probably contemporaneously with dune migration across the former lake floors. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Schaetzl, R., and Loope, W., 2008, Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA: Geomorphology, v. 100, no. 3-4, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaetzl, R.J.","contributorId":80807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaetzl","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, W.L.","contributorId":22280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000261,"text":"70000261 - 2008 - Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:11:43","indexId":"70000261","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease","docAbstract":"A balanced approach to coral disease investigation is critical for understanding the global decline of corals. Such an approach should involve the proper use of biomedical concepts, tools, and terminology to address confusion and promote clarity in the coral disease literature. Investigating disease in corals should follow a logical series of steps including identification of disease, systematic morphologic descriptions of lesions at the gross and cellular levels, measurement of health indices, and experiments to understand disease pathogenesis and the complex interactions between host, pathogen, and the environment. This model for disease investigation is widely accepted in the medical, veterinary and invertebrate pathology disciplines. We present standard biomedical rationale behind the detection, description, and naming of diseases and offer examples of the application of Koch's postulates to elucidate the etiology of some infectious diseases. Basic epidemiologic concepts are introduced to help investigators think systematically about the cause(s) of complex diseases. A major goal of disease investigation in corals and other organisms is to gather data that will enable the establishment of standardized case definitions to distinguish among diseases. Concepts and facts amassed from empirical studies over the centuries by medical and veterinary pathologists have standardized disease investigation and are invaluable to coral researchers because of the robust comparisons they enable; examples of these are given throughout this paper. Arguments over whether coral diseases are caused by primary versus opportunistic pathogens reflect the lack of data available to prove or refute such hypotheses and emphasize the need for coral disease investigations that focus on: characterizing the normal microbiota and physiology of the healthy host; defining ecological interactions within the microbial community associated with the host; and investigating host immunity, host-agent interactions, pathology, pathogenesis, and factors that promote the pathogenicity of the causative agent(s) of disease.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.011","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Richardson, L.L., Reynolds, T.L., and Willis, B.L., 2008, Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 362, no. 2, p. 63-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.05.011"}],"volume":"362","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60745a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, Laurie L.","contributorId":29322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, T. L.","contributorId":51001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, Bette L.","contributorId":86467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Bette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000118,"text":"70000118 - 2008 - Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000118","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey","docAbstract":"The influences of wave climate and sediment supply on the depths of sand-mud transitions (hSMT) are investigated. Depths of sand-mud transitions (SMT) are based on published granulometric data from surface samples gathered from 14 sites in different wave-dominated coastal environments with fluvial input, including high energy (Columbia, Eel, Russian, San Lorenzo, Copper, and Nepean rivers), moderate energy (Ebro, Nile, Santa Clara, Tseng-wen and Kao-ping rivers), and low energy (Po, Pescara and Tronto rivers) regimes. Geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mud percent are compiled from samples along shore-normal transects, and significant correlation is found between these two textural descriptors. Nominally, the SMT is defined as the transition from GMD > 63????m to < 63????m. The correlation between mud percent and GMD permits an alternative, complementary definition of the SMT as the transition from < 25% mud to > 25% mud. This dual definition is applied to the 14 systems, and hSMT is tabulated for each system. Correlation is found between hSMT and the depth at which wave-induced bottom shear stress equals the critical erosion shear stress of the largest mud particles and also between hSMT and significant wave height. Lack of correlation between hSMT and sediment load of nearby rivers indicates either that the influence of sediment supply on depth of the sand-mud transition is small or is not adequately represented in this study. Shelf width and slope do not correlate with residuals from a formalized linear relationship between hSMT and significant wave height. The relationship between hSMT and wave climate is useful for calibration of numerical models of erosion and deposition in wave-dominated coastal environments, for prediction of seabed properties in remote or inaccessible areas, and for reconstruction of paleodepth based on facies changes from sand to mud in ancient rocks. ?? 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.005","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"George, D., and Hill, P., 2008, Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey: Marine Geology, v. 254, no. 3-4, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.005.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.005"}],"volume":"254","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.A.","contributorId":43897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, P.S.","contributorId":48683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000132,"text":"70000132 - 2008 - Trade-offs of predation and foraging explain sexual segregation in African buffalo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trade-offs of predation and foraging explain sexual segregation in African buffalo","docAbstract":"1. Many studies have investigated why males and females segregate spatially in sexually dimorphic species. These studies have focused primarily on temperate zone ungulates in areas lacking intact predator communities, and few have directly assessed predation rates in different social environments. 2. Data on the movement, social affiliation, mortality and foraging of radio-collared African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) were collected from 2001-06 in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. 3. The vast majority of mortality events were due to lion (Panthera leo) predation, and the mortality hazard associated with being an adult male buffalo in a male-only 'bachelor' group was almost four times higher than for adult females in mixed herds. The mortality rates of adult males and females within mixed herds were not statistically different. Mortality sites of male and female buffalo were in areas of low visibility similar to those used by bachelor groups, while mixed herds tended to use more open habitats. 4. Males in bachelor groups ate similar or higher quality food (as indexed by percentage faecal nitrogen), and moved almost a third less distance per day compared with mixed herds. As a result, males in bachelor groups gained more body condition than did males in breeding herds. 5. Recent comparative analyses suggest the activity-budget hypothesis as a common underlying cause of social segregation. However, our intensive study, in an area with an intact predator community showed that male and female buffalo segregated by habitat and supported the predation-risk hypothesis. Male African buffalo appear to trade increased predation risk for additional energy gains in bachelor groups, which presumably leads to increased reproductive success. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01409.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Hay, C., Cross, P., and Funston, P., 2008, Trade-offs of predation and foraging explain sexual segregation in African buffalo: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 77, no. 5, p. 850-858, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01409.x.","startPage":"850","endPage":"858","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476496,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01409.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01409.x"}],"volume":"77","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62709d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, C.T.","contributorId":72913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, P.C.","contributorId":48141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Funston, P.J.","contributorId":14095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funston","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000096,"text":"70000096 - 2008 - Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:06:15","indexId":"70000096","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss","docAbstract":"Estimation of forest cover change is important for boreal forests, one of the most extensive forested biomes, due to its unique role in global timber stock, carbon sequestration and deposition, and high vulnerability to the effects of global climate change. We used time-series data from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to produce annual forest cover loss hotspot maps. These maps were used to assign all blocks (18.5 by 18.5 km) partitioning the boreal biome into strata of high, medium and low likelihood of forest cover loss. A stratified random sample of 118 blocks was interpreted for forest cover and forest cover loss using high spatial resolution Landsat imagery from 2000 and 2005. Area of forest cover gross loss from 2000 to 2005 within the boreal biome is estimated to be 1.63% (standard error 0.10%) of the total biome area, and represents a 4.02% reduction in year 2000 forest cover. The proportion of identified forest cover loss relative to regional forest area is much higher in North America than in Eurasia (5.63% to 3.00%). Of the total forest cover loss identified, 58.9% is attributable to wildfires. The MODIS pan-boreal change hotspot estimates reveal significant increases in forest cover loss due to wildfires in 2002 and 2003, with 2003 being the peak year of loss within the 5-year study period. Overall, the precision of the aggregate forest cover loss estimates derived from the Landsat data and the value of the MODIS-derived map displaying the spatial and temporal patterns of forest loss demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol for operational, cost-effective, and timely biome-wide monitoring of gross forest cover loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.006","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Potapov, P., Hansen, M.C., Stehman, S., Loveland, T., and Pittman, K., 2008, Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 9, p. 3708-3719, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3708","endPage":"3719","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potapov, P.","contributorId":39921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapov","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Matthew C.","contributorId":192036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pittman, K.","contributorId":9384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000057,"text":"70000057 - 2008 - Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000057","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","docAbstract":"The Reservoir Sedimentation Survey Information System (RESIS) is one of the world's most comprehensive databases of reservoir sedimentation rates, comprising nearly 6000 surveys for 1819 reservoirs across the continental United States. Sediment surveys in the database date from 1904 to 1999, though more than 95% of surveys were entered prior to 1980, making RESIS largely a historical database. The use of this database for large-scale studies has been limited by the lack of precise coordinates for the reservoirs. Many of the reservoirs are relatively small structures and do not appear on current USGS topographic maps. Others have been renamed or have only approximate (i.e. township and range) coordinates. This paper presents a method scripted in ESRI's ARC Macro Language (AML) to locate the reservoirs on digital elevation models using information available in RESIS. The script also delineates the contributing watersheds and compiles several hydrologically important parameters for each reservoir. Evaluation of the method indicates that, for watersheds larger than 5 km2, the correct outlet is identified over 80% of the time. The importance of identifying the watershed outlet correctly depends on the application. Our intent is to collect spatial data for watersheds across the continental United States and describe the land use, soils, and topography for each reservoir's watershed. Because of local landscape similarity in these properties, we show that choosing the incorrect watershed does not necessarily mean that the watershed characteristics will be misrepresented. We present a measure termed terrain complexity and examine its relationship to geolocation success rate and its influence on the similarity of nearby watersheds. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Mixon, D., Kinner, D., Stallard, R., and Syvitski, J., 2008, Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1184-1197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015"}],"volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a872b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mixon, D.M.","contributorId":85702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinner, D.A.","contributorId":99265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Syvitski, J.P.M.","contributorId":91222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syvitski","given":"J.P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000034,"text":"70000034 - 2008 - Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-17T10:48:32","indexId":"70000034","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave parameters","docAbstract":"Near-bed wave orbital velocities and shear stresses are important parameters in many sediment-transport and hydrodynamic models of the coastal ocean, estuaries, and lakes. Simple methods for estimating bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave statistics such as significant wave height and peak period often are inaccurate except in very shallow water. This paper briefly reviews approaches for estimating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from near-bed velocity data, surface-wave spectra, and surface-wave parameters; MATLAB code for each approach is provided. Aspects of this problem have been discussed elsewhere. We add to this work by providing a method for using a general form of the parametric surface-wave spectrum to estimate bottom orbital velocity from significant wave height and peak period, investigating effects of spectral shape on bottom orbital velocity, comparing methods for calculating bottom orbital velocity against values determined from near-bed velocity measurements at two sites on the US east and west coasts, and considering the optimal representation of bottom orbital velocity for calculations of near-bed processes. Bottom orbital velocities calculated using near-bed velocity data, measured wave spectra, and parametric spectra for a site on the northern California shelf and one in the mid-Atlantic Bight compare quite well and are relatively insensitive to spectral shape except when bimodal waves are present with maximum energy at the higher-frequency peak. These conditions, which are most likely to occur at times when bottom orbital velocities are small, can be identified with our method as cases where the measured wave statistics are inconsistent with Donelan's modified form of the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum. We define the 'effective' forcing for wave-driven, near-bed processes as the product of the magnitude of forcing times its probability of occurrence, and conclude that different bottom orbital velocity statistics may be appropriate for different problems. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.010","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Wiberg, P., and Sherwood, C.R., 2008, Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave parameters: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1243-1262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.010.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1262","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18638,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.010"},{"id":203770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5459a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000037,"text":"70000037 - 2008 - Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:45:49","indexId":"70000037","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","docAbstract":"1. Human use of land and water resources modifies many streamflow characteristics, which can have significant ecological consequences. Streamflow and invertebrate data collected at 111 sites in the western U.S.A. were analysed to identify streamflow characteristics (magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and variation) that are probably to limit characteristics of benthic invertebrate assemblages (abundance, richness, diversity and evenness, functional feeding groups and individual taxa) and, thus, would be important for freshwater conservation and restoration. Our analysis investigated multiple metrics for each biological and hydrological characteristic, but focuses on 14 invertebrate metrics and 13 streamflow metrics representing the key associations between streamflow and invertebrates.
\n2. Streamflow is only one of many environmental and biotic factors that influence the characteristics of invertebrate assemblages. Although the central tendency of invertebrate assemblage characteristics may not respond to any one factor across a large region like the western U.S.A., we postulate that streamflow may limit some invertebrates. To assess streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on invertebrate assemblages, we developed a nonparametric screening procedure to identify upper (ceilings) or lower (floors) limits on invertebrate metrics associated with streamflow metrics. Ceilings and floors for selected metrics were then quantified using quantile regression.
\n3. Invertebrate assemblages had limits associated with all streamflow characteristics that we analysed. Metrics of streamflow variation at daily to inter-annual scales were among the most common characteristics associated with limits on invertebrate assemblages. Baseflow recession, daily variation and monthly variation, in streamflow were associated with the largest number of invertebrate metrics. Since changes in streamflow variation are often a consequence of hydrologic alteration, they may serve as useful indicators of ecologically significant changes in streamflow and as benchmarks for managing streamflow for ecological objectives.
\n4. Relative abundance of Plecoptera, richness of non-insect taxa and relative abundance of intolerant taxa were associated with multiple streamflow metrics. Metrics of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera), and intolerant taxa generally had ceilings associated with flow metrics while metrics of tolerant taxa, non-insects, dominance and chironomids generally had floors. Broader characteristics of invertebrate assemblages such as abundance and richness had fewer limits, but these limits were nonetheless associated with a broad range of streamflow characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., Brasher, A., and May, J., 2008, Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States: Freshwater Biology, v. 53, no. 10, p. 1983-1998, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"1998","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x"}],"volume":"53","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, J. T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":72505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000003,"text":"70000003 - 2008 - Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000003","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean","docAbstract":"Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February-March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5-5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 ('plume') and S > 33.0 ('ocean'). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between 'plume' and 'ocean') were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into 'plume' and 'ocean' using two criteria: (1) 'plume' included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in 'plume' exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between 'plume' and 'ocean' was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.012","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nezlin, N., DiGiacomo, P., Diehl, D., Jones, B., Johnson, S., Mengel, M., Reifel, K., Warrick, J., and Wang, M., 2008, Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 80, no. 1, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.012.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.07.012"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nezlin, N.P.","contributorId":77644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nezlin","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiacomo, P.M.","contributorId":39501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diehl, D.W.","contributorId":48291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, B.H.","contributorId":96810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, S.C.","contributorId":93008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mengel, M.J.","contributorId":21267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reifel, K.M.","contributorId":49327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifel","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wang, M.","contributorId":98810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70000044,"text":"70000044 - 2008 - Temporal change in fragmentation of continental US forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:05:16","indexId":"70000044","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal change in fragmentation of continental US forests","docAbstract":"Changes in forest ecosystem function and condition arise from changes in forest fragmentation. Previous studies estimated forest fragmentation for the continental United States (US). In this study, new temporal land-cover data from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) were used to estimate changes in forest fragmentation at multiple scales for the continental US. Early and late dates for the land-cover change data were ca. 1992 and ca. 2001. Forest density was used as a multi-scale index of fragmentation by measuring the proportion of forest in neighborhoods ranging in size from 2.25 to 5314.41 ha. The multi-scale forest density maps were classified using thresholds of 40% (patch), 60% (dominant), and 90% (interior) to analyze temporal change of fragmentation. The loss of dominant and interior forest showed distinct scale effects, whereas loss of patch forest was much less scale-dependent. Dominant forest loss doubled from the smallest to the largest spatial scale, while interior forest loss increased by approximately 80% from the smallest to the second largest spatial scale, then decreased somewhat. At the largest spatial scale, losses of dominant and interior forest were 5 and 10%, respectively, of their ca. 1992 amounts. In contrast, patch forest loss increased by only 25% from the smallest to largest spatial scale. These results indicate that continental US forests were sensitive to forest loss because of their already fragmented state. Forest loss would have had to occur in an unlikely spatial pattern in order to avoid the proportionately greater impact on dominant and interior forest at larger spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-008-9258-z","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Wickham, J.D., Riitters, K., Wade, T., and Homer, C.G., 2008, Temporal change in fragmentation of continental US forests: Landscape Ecology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 891-898, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9258-z.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"898","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9258-z"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bbe4b07f02db5cf0a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riitters, K.H.","contributorId":30570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riitters","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wade, Timothy G.","contributorId":48845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"Timothy G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}