1. Human use of land and water resources modifies many streamflow characteristics, which can have significant ecological consequences. Streamflow and invertebrate data collected at 111 sites in the western U.S.A. were analysed to identify streamflow characteristics (magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and variation) that are probably to limit characteristics of benthic invertebrate assemblages (abundance, richness, diversity and evenness, functional feeding groups and individual taxa) and, thus, would be important for freshwater conservation and restoration. Our analysis investigated multiple metrics for each biological and hydrological characteristic, but focuses on 14 invertebrate metrics and 13 streamflow metrics representing the key associations between streamflow and invertebrates.
\n2. Streamflow is only one of many environmental and biotic factors that influence the characteristics of invertebrate assemblages. Although the central tendency of invertebrate assemblage characteristics may not respond to any one factor across a large region like the western U.S.A., we postulate that streamflow may limit some invertebrates. To assess streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on invertebrate assemblages, we developed a nonparametric screening procedure to identify upper (ceilings) or lower (floors) limits on invertebrate metrics associated with streamflow metrics. Ceilings and floors for selected metrics were then quantified using quantile regression.
\n3. Invertebrate assemblages had limits associated with all streamflow characteristics that we analysed. Metrics of streamflow variation at daily to inter-annual scales were among the most common characteristics associated with limits on invertebrate assemblages. Baseflow recession, daily variation and monthly variation, in streamflow were associated with the largest number of invertebrate metrics. Since changes in streamflow variation are often a consequence of hydrologic alteration, they may serve as useful indicators of ecologically significant changes in streamflow and as benchmarks for managing streamflow for ecological objectives.
\n4. Relative abundance of Plecoptera, richness of non-insect taxa and relative abundance of intolerant taxa were associated with multiple streamflow metrics. Metrics of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera), and intolerant taxa generally had ceilings associated with flow metrics while metrics of tolerant taxa, non-insects, dominance and chironomids generally had floors. Broader characteristics of invertebrate assemblages such as abundance and richness had fewer limits, but these limits were nonetheless associated with a broad range of streamflow characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., Brasher, A., and May, J., 2008, Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States: Freshwater Biology, v. 53, no. 10, p. 1983-1998, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"1998","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x"}],"volume":"53","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, J. T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":72505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000406,"text":"70000406 - 2008 - Minnesota anglers' fisheries-related value orientations and their stewardship of fish resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000406","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minnesota anglers' fisheries-related value orientations and their stewardship of fish resources","docAbstract":"Research on natural resource-related values and value orientations has grown substantially over the past decade. However, existing studies have focused almost exclusively on value orientations related to wildlife and forests. This article reports data from two mail surveys of Minnesota anglers used to develop scales for measuring fisheries-related value orientations. We report results of regression analyses examining the relationship between anglers' value orientations and norms concerning fisheries stewardship and the use of technological aids to angling. Results indicate 10 items reliably measure three value orientations we termed utilitarianism, dominance, and protectionism. Regression analyses suggest anglers' stewardship norms are influenced by all three value orientation types, while support for the use of technological aids was related with protectionism and utilitarianism, but not dominance. Results suggest anglers' fisheries-related value orientations cannot be adequately captured using single domain scales. Implications for the study of natural resources-related value orientations are discussed. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/10871200802023227","issn":"10871209","usgsCitation":"Bruskotter, J., and Fulton, D., 2008, Minnesota anglers' fisheries-related value orientations and their stewardship of fish resources: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 13, no. 4, p. 207-221, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200802023227.","startPage":"207","endPage":"221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18837,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200802023227"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruskotter, J.T.","contributorId":27598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruskotter","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, D.C.","contributorId":50104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000411,"text":"70000411 - 2008 - Genetic identity of brook trout in Lake Superior south shore streams: Potential for genetic monitoring of stocking and rehabilitation efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000411","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic identity of brook trout in Lake Superior south shore streams: Potential for genetic monitoring of stocking and rehabilitation efforts","docAbstract":"Rehabilitation of migratory ('coaster') brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis along Lake Superior's south shore is a topic of high interest among resource stakeholders and management agencies. Proposed strategies for rehabilitation of this brook trout life history variant in Wisconsin include supplemental stocking, watershed management, habitat rehabilitation, harvest regulations, or a combination thereof. In an effort to evaluate the success of coaster brook trout rehabilitation efforts, we collected genetic data from four populations of interest (Whittlesey Creek, Bois Brule River, Bark River, and Graveyard Creek) and the hatchery sources used in the Whittlesey Creek supplementation experiment. We characterized the genetic diversity of 30 individuals from each of four populations using 13 microsatellite DNA loci. Levels of genetic variation were consistent with those in similar studies conducted throughout the basin. Significant genetic variation among the populations was observed, enabling adequate population delineation through assignment tests. Overall, 208 of the 211 sampled fish (98.6%) were correctly assigned to their population of origin. Simulated F1 hybrids between two hatchery strains and the Whittlesey Creek population were identifiable in the majority of attempts (90.5-100% accuracy with 0-2.5% error). The genetic markers and analytical techniques described provide the ability to monitor the concurrent coaster brook trout rehabilitation efforts along Wisconsin's Lake Superior south shore, including the detection of hybridization between hatchery and native populations. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-206.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Sloss, B., Jennings, M.J., Franckowiak, R., and Pratt, D., 2008, Genetic identity of brook trout in Lake Superior south shore streams: Potential for genetic monitoring of stocking and rehabilitation efforts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 4, p. 1244-1251, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-206.1.","startPage":"1244","endPage":"1251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18841,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-206.1"}],"volume":"137","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloss, Brian L.","contributorId":9754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Martin J.","contributorId":6570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franckowiak, R.","contributorId":55136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franckowiak","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, D.M.","contributorId":82042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000419,"text":"70000419 - 2008 - Annual variation in habitat-specific recruitment success: Implications from an individual-based model of Lake Michigan alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000419","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual variation in habitat-specific recruitment success: Implications from an individual-based model of Lake Michigan alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)","docAbstract":"The identification of important spawning and nursery habitats for fish stocks can aid fisheries management, but is complicated by various factors, including annual variation in recruitment success. The alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) is an ecologically important species in Lake Michigan that utilizes a variety of habitats for spawning and early life growth. While productive, warm tributary mouths (connected to Lake Michigan) may contribute disproportionately more recruits (relative to their habitat volume) to the adult alewife population than cooler, less productive nearshore habitats, the extent of interannual variation in the relative contributions of recruits from these two habitat types remains unknown. We used an individual-based bioenergetics simulation model and input data on daily temperatures to estimate alewife recruitment to the adult population by these different habitat types. Simulations suggest that nearshore lake habitats typically produce the vast majority of young alewife recruits. However, tributary habitats may contribute the majority of alewife recruits during years of low recruitment. We suggest that high interannual variation in the relative importance of habitats for recruitment is a common phenomenon, which should be considered when developing habitat management plans for fish populations. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-066","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Hook, T., Rutherford, E., Croley, T., Mason, D., and Madenjian, C., 2008, Annual variation in habitat-specific recruitment success: Implications from an individual-based model of Lake Michigan alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 7, p. 1402-1412, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-066.","startPage":"1402","endPage":"1412","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-066"}],"volume":"65","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hook, T.O.","contributorId":84485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"T.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, E.S.","contributorId":74860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croley, T.E. II","contributorId":58381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croley","given":"T.E.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, D.M.","contributorId":48292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000437,"text":"70000437 - 2008 - What was the groundwater quality before mining in a mineralized region? Lessons from the Questa Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:12:33","indexId":"70000437","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1817,"text":"Geosciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What was the groundwater quality before mining in a mineralized region? Lessons from the Questa Project","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department and supported by Molycorp, Inc (currently Chevron Minerals), has completed a 5-year investigation (2001-2006) to determine the pre-mining ground-water quality at Molycorp's Questa molybdenum mine in northern New Mexico. Current mine-site ground waters are often contaminated with mine-waste leachates and no data exists on premining ground-water quality so that pre-mining conditions must be inferred. Ground-water quality undisturbed by mining is often worse than New Mexico standards and data are needed to help establish closure requirements. The key to determining pre-mining conditions was to study the hydrogeochemistry of a proximal natural analog site, the Straight Creek catchment. Main rock types exposed to weathering include a Tertiary andesite and the Tertiary Amalia tuff (rhyolitic composition), both hydrothermally altered to various degrees. Two types of ground water are common in mineralized areas, acidic ground waters in alluvial debris fans with pH 3-4 and bedrock ground waters with pH 6-8. Siderite, ferrihydrite, rhodochrosite, amorphous to microcrystalline Al(OH)3, calcite, gypsum, barite, and amorphous silica mineral solubilities control concentrations of Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Al, Ca, Ba, and SiO2, depending on pH and solution composition. Concentrations at low pH are governed by element abundance and mineral weathering rates. Concentrations of Zn and Cd range from detection up to about 10 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, and are derived primarily from sphalerite dissolution. Concentrations of Ni and Co range from detection up to 1 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively, and are derived primarily from pyrite dissolution. Concentrations of Ca and SO4 are derived from secondary gypsum dissolution and weathering of calcite and pyrite. Metal:sulfate concentration ratios are relatively constant for acidic waters, suggesting consistent weathering rates, independent of catchment. These trends, combined with lithology, mineralogy, and mineral solubility controls, provide useful constraints on pre-mining ground-water quality for the mine site where the lithology is known.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12303-008-0015-8","issn":"12264806","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2008, What was the groundwater quality before mining in a mineralized region? Lessons from the Questa Project: Geosciences Journal, v. 12, no. 2, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-008-0015-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-008-0015-8"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70000426,"text":"70000426 - 2008 - Seasonal and diel movements of white sturgeon in the lower columbia river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000426","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and diel movements of white sturgeon in the lower columbia river","docAbstract":"Continuous monitoring of the movements and depths used by white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus with acoustic telemetry technologies in the lower Columbia River provided information on diel and seasonal migrations, local movements, and site fidelity. White sturgeon moved to shallower water at night and showed greater activity, inferred from rates of movement, than during daytime. The extent of local movement within a season was variable among fish; some fish readily moved among habitats while the movements of others were more constrained. White sturgeon were absent from the study area (river kilometers 45-52) during winter and returned from upstream during the spring, confirming an upstream seasonal migration in the fall and downstream migration in spring. The return of individual fish and reoccupation of areas previously inhabited showed that some white sturgeon exhibit site fidelity. This work shows that studies seeking to characterize habitat for white sturgeon need to be cognizant of diel migrations and site fidelity. We urge caution in the use of limited fish location data to describe habitats if diel activities and fine-scale movements are not known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-027.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Popoff, N., Van Der Leeuw, B.K., and Wright, C., 2008, Seasonal and diel movements of white sturgeon in the lower columbia river: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 4, p. 1007-1017, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-027.1.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1017","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-027.1"}],"volume":"137","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7c1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popoff, N.D.","contributorId":47062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popoff","given":"N.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Der Leeuw, B. K.","contributorId":59159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Leeuw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, C.D.","contributorId":104604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000398,"text":"70000398 - 2008 - Classification tree models for predicting distributions of michigan stream fish from landscape variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000398","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification tree models for predicting distributions of michigan stream fish from landscape variables","docAbstract":"Traditionally, fish habitat requirements have been described from local-scale environmental variables. However, recent studies have shown that studying landscape-scale processes improves our understanding of what drives species assemblages and distribution patterns across the landscape. Our goal was to learn more about constraints on the distribution of Michigan stream fish by examining landscape-scale habitat variables. We used classification trees and landscape-scale habitat variables to create and validate presence-absence models and relative abundance models for Michigan stream fishes. We developed 93 presence-absence models that on average were 72% correct in making predictions for an independent data set, and we developed 46 relative abundance models that were 76% correct in making predictions for independent data. The models were used to create statewide predictive distribution and abundance maps that have the potential to be used for a variety of conservation and scientific purposes. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-119.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Steen, P., Zorn, T., Seelbach, P., and Schaeffer, J., 2008, Classification tree models for predicting distributions of michigan stream fish from landscape variables: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 4, p. 976-996, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-119.1.","startPage":"976","endPage":"996","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476503,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141481","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18830,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-119.1"}],"volume":"137","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, P.J.","contributorId":65590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zorn, T.G.","contributorId":11316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zorn","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelbach, P.W.","contributorId":69277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaeffer, J.S.","contributorId":42688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000386,"text":"70000386 - 2008 - Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:18:01","indexId":"70000386","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"Forest cover is an important input variable for assessing changes to carbon stocks, climate and hydrological systems, biodiversity richness, and other sustainability science disciplines. Despite incremental improvements in our ability to quantify rates of forest clearing, there is still no definitive understanding on global trends. Without timely and accurate forest monitoring methods, policy responses will be uninformed concerning the most basic facts of forest cover change. Results of a feasible and cost-effective monitoring strategy are presented that enable timely, precise, and internally consistent estimates of forest clearing within the humid tropics. A probability-based sampling approach that synergistically employs low and high spatial resolution satellite datasets was used to quantify humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005. Forest clearing is estimated to be 1.39% (SE 0.084%) of the total biome area. This translates to an estimated forest area cleared of 27.2 million hectares (SE 2.28 million hectares), and represents a 2.36% reduction in area of humid tropical forest. Fifty-five percent of total biome clearing occurs within only 6% of the biome area, emphasizing the presence of forest clearing “hotspots.” Forest loss in Brazil accounts for 47.8% of total biome clearing, nearly four times that of the next highest country, Indonesia, which accounts for 12.8%. Over three-fifths of clearing occurs in Latin America and over one-third in Asia. Africa contributes 5.4% to the estimated loss of humid tropical forest cover, reflecting the absence of current agro-industrial scale clearing in humid tropical Africa.
","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0804042105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.C., Stehman, S., Potapov, P.V., Loveland, T., Townshend, J., DeFries, R., Pittman, K., Arunarwati, B., Stolle, F., Steininger, M., Carroll, M., and DiMiceli, C., 2008, Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 27, p. 9439-9444, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804042105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9439","endPage":"9444","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2453739","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Matthew C.","contributorId":192036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potapov, Peter V.","contributorId":192037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potapov","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeFries, R.S.","contributorId":61549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFries","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pittman, K.W.","contributorId":101782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arunarwati, B.","contributorId":108234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arunarwati","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stolle, F.","contributorId":46662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolle","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Steininger, M.K.","contributorId":29933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steininger","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carroll, M.","contributorId":16137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DiMiceli, C.","contributorId":49498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMiceli","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70000375,"text":"70000375 - 2008 - Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:32:18","indexId":"70000375","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers","docAbstract":"A number of investigations have shown that photoreduction of Fe(III) causes midday accumulations of dissolved Fe(II) in rivers and lakes, leading to large diel (24-h) fluctuations in the concentration and speciation of total dissolved iron. Less well appreciated is the importance of photoreduction in providing chemical energy for bacteria to thrive in low pH waters. Diel variations in water chemistry from the highly acidic (pH 2.3 to 3.1) Río Tinto, Río Odiel, and Río Agrio of southwestern Spain (Iberian Pyrite Belt) resulted in daytime increases in Fe(II) concentration of 15 to 66 µM at four diel sampling locations. Dissolved Fe(II) concentrations increased with solar radiation, and one of the stream sites showed an antithetic relationship between dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations; both results are consistent with photoreduction. The diel data were used to estimate rates of microbially catalyzed Fe(II) oxidation (1 to 3 nmol L− 1s− 1) and maximum rates of Fe(III) photoreduction (1.7 to 4.3 nmol L− 1s− 1). Bioenergetic calculations indicate that the latter rates are sufficient to build up a population of Fe-oxidizing bacteria to the levels observed in the Río Tinto in about 30 days. We conclude that photoreduction plays an important role in the bioenergetics of the bacterial communities of these acidic rivers, which have previously been shown to be dominated by autotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizers such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. Given the possibility of the previous existence of acidic, Fe(III)-rich water on Mars, photoreduction may be an important process on other planets, a fact that could have implications to astrobiological research.
Phyllosilicates have previously been detected in layered outcrops in and around the Martian outflow channel Mawrth Vallis. CRISM spectra of these outcrops exhibit features diagnostic of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and Fe/Mg-rich smectites, along with crystalline ferric oxide minerals such as hematite. These minerals occur in distinct stratigraphic horizons, implying changing environmental conditions and/or a variable sediment source for these layered deposits. Similar stratigraphic sequences occur on both sides of the outflow channel and on its floor, with Al-clay-bearing layers typically overlying Fe/Mg-clay-bearing layers. This pattern, combined with layer geometries measured using topographic data from HiRISE and HRSC, suggests that the Al-clay-bearing horizons at Mawrth Vallis postdate the outflow channel and may represent a later sedimentary or altered pyroclastic deposit that drapes the topography.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2008GL034385","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wray, J., Ehlmann, B., Squyres, S.W., Mustard, J., and Kirk, R.L., 2008, Compositional stratigraphy of clay-bearing layered deposits at Mawrth Vallis, Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 12, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034385.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/35361a69312d4a01886fb651b5c828f1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars; Mawrth Vallis","volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a7fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mustard, J.F.","contributorId":91605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000163,"text":"70000163 - 2008 - A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:09:22","indexId":"70000163","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources","docAbstract":"Numerous studies have shown that a variety of manufactured and natural organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, steroids, surfactants, flame retardants, fragrances, plasticizers and other chemicals often associated with wastewaters have been detected in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharges and livestock agricultural facilities. To provide new data and insights about the environmental presence of some of these chemicals in untreated sources of drinking water in the United States targeted sites were sampled and analyzed for 100 analytes with sub-parts per billion detection capabilities. The sites included 25 ground- and 49 surface-water sources of drinking water serving populations ranging from one family to over 8 million people.
\nSixty-three of the 100 targeted chemicals were detected in at least one water sample. Interestingly, in spite of the low detection levels 60% of the 36 pharmaceuticals (including prescription drugs and antibiotics) analyzed were not detected in any water sample. The five most frequently detected chemicals targeted in surface water were: cholesterol (59%, natural sterol), metolachlor (53%, herbicide), cotinine (51%, nicotine metabolite), β-sitosterol (37%, natural plant sterol), and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (27%, caffeine metabolite); and in ground water: tetrachloroethylene (24%, solvent), carbamazepine (20%, pharmaceutical), bisphenol-A (20%, plasticizer), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (16%, caffeine metabolite), and tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (12%, fire retardant). A median of 4 compounds were detected per site indicating that the targeted chemicals generally occur in mixtures (commonly near detection levels) in the environment and likely originate from a variety of animal and human uses and waste sources. These data will help prioritize and determine the need, if any, for future occurrence, fate and transport, and health-effects research for subsets of these chemicals and their degradates most likely to be found in water resources used for drinking water in the United States.
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T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thurman, M.E.","contributorId":27176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000137,"text":"70000137 - 2008 - Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000137","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China","docAbstract":"A 10.35-m-long sediment core from the Luobei depression in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China, provides detailed information about environmental changes during the Late Pleistocene. The samples taken every 5 cm of the core were analyzed for 10 environmental proxies, including magnetic susceptibility, granularity, chroma, carbonate and loss on ignition (LOI), and pH value. The chronology data are provided by the uranium/thorium disequilibrium dates. The sediments of the section were deposited during the last 32000 years. The results of analysis of 10 proxies were examined using multivariate statistical analysis, and the principal components were calculated. According to the results, the Late Pleistocene sequence contains four climatic and environmental stages appearing in the cycles of cold-wet and warm-dry changes. During 10-9 ka BP, it was the earliest warm episode in the Holocene. Environmental changes in this district were restricted by global change, as suggested by the analysis of glacial-interglacial cycles. But it was different from the mutative trend of a monsoon region in East China because of its own characteristics, which was the situation of cold-wet and warm-dry climate-environment change. The candidate reason may be the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the westerly wind circulation. ?? Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11631-008-0257-1","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Luo, C., Yang, D., Peng, Z., Zhang, Z., Weiguo, L., He, J., and Zhou, C., 2008, Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur, Xinjiang, Northwest China: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 257-264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-008-0257-1.","startPage":"257","endPage":"264","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18687,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11631-008-0257-1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, C.","contributorId":52697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, D.","contributorId":82440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Z.","contributorId":47505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weiguo, L.","contributorId":63926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiguo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"He, J.","contributorId":95993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, C.","contributorId":88466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70000150,"text":"70000150 - 2008 - Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000150","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado","docAbstract":"Understanding the relationships between animal population demography and the abiotic and biotic elements of the environments in which they live is a central objective in population ecology. For example, correlations between weather variables and the probability of survival in populations of temperate zone amphibians may be broadly applicable to several species if such correlations can be validated for multiple situations. This study focuses on the probability of survival and evaluates hypotheses based on six weather variables in three populations of Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas) from central Colorado over eight years. In addition to suggesting a relationship between some weather variables and survival probability in Boreal Toad populations, this study uses robust methods and highlights the need for demographic estimates that are precise and have minimal bias. Capture-recapture methods were used to collect the data, and the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model in program MARK was used for analysis. The top models included minimum daily winter air temperature, and the sum of the model weights for these models was 0.956. Weaker support was found for the importance of snow depth and the amount of environmental moisture in winter in modeling survival probability. Minimum daily winter air temperature was positively correlated with the probability of survival in Boreal Toads at other sites in Colorado and has been identified as an important covariate in studies in other parts of the world. If air temperatures are an important component of survival for Boreal Toads or other amphibians, changes in climate may have profound impacts on populations. Copyright 2008 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/07-257.1","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Scherer, R.D., Muths, E., and Lambert, B., 2008, Effects of weather on survival in populations of boreal toads in Colorado: Journal of Herpetology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 508-517, https://doi.org/10.1670/07-257.1.","startPage":"508","endPage":"517","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/07-257.1"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, B.A.","contributorId":58378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000147,"text":"70000147 - 2008 - Ocean wavenumber estimation from wave-resolving time series imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000147","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean wavenumber estimation from wave-resolving time series imagery","docAbstract":"We review several approaches that have been used to estimate ocean surface gravity wavenumbers from wave-resolving remotely sensed image sequences. Two fundamentally different approaches that utilize these data exist. A power spectral density approach identifies wavenumbers where image intensity variance is maximized. Alternatively, a cross-spectral correlation approach identifies wavenumbers where intensity coherence is maximized. We develop a solution to the latter approach based on a tomographic analysis that utilizes a nonlinear inverse method. The solution is tolerant to noise and other forms of sampling deficiency and can be applied to arbitrary sampling patterns, as well as to full-frame imagery. The solution includes error predictions that can be used for data retrieval quality control and for evaluating sample designs. A quantitative analysis of the intrinsic resolution of the method indicates that the cross-spectral correlation fitting improves resolution by a factor of about ten times as compared to the power spectral density fitting approach. The resolution analysis also provides a rule of thumb for nearshore bathymetry retrievals-short-scale cross-shore patterns may be resolved if they are about ten times longer than the average water depth over the pattern. This guidance can be applied to sample design to constrain both the sensor array (image resolution) and the analysis array (tomographic resolution). ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2008.919821","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Plant, N., Holland, K.T., and Haller, M., 2008, Ocean wavenumber estimation from wave-resolving time series imagery: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 9, p. 2644-2658, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.919821.","startPage":"2644","endPage":"2658","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.919821"}],"volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holland, K. T.","contributorId":61013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haller, M.C.","contributorId":84056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000146,"text":"70000146 - 2008 - Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000146","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination","docAbstract":"The surface magnetic anomaly observed in unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance is mainly dipolar, and consequently, the dipole is the only magnetic moment regularly recovered in UXO discrimination. The dipole moment contains information about the intensity of magnetization but lacks information about the shape of the target. In contrast, higher order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry properties of the magnetization distribution within the buried targets. In order to improve our understanding of magnetization distribution within UXO and non-UXO objects and to show its potential utility in UXO clearance, we present a numerical modeling study of UXO and related metallic objects. The tool for the modeling is a nonlinear integral equation describing magnetization within isolated compact objects of high susceptibility. A solution for magnetization distribution then allows us to compute the magnetic multipole moments of the object, analyze their relationships, and provide a depiction of the anomaly produced by different moments within the object. Our modeling results show the presence of significant higher order moments for more asymmetric objects, and the fields of these higher order moments are well above the noise level of magnetic gradient data. The contribution from higher order moments may provide a practical tool for improved UXO discrimination. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2008.918090","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, V., Yaoguo, L., Nabighian, M., and Wright, D., 2008, Numerical modeling of higher order magnetic moments in UXO discrimination: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 9, p. 2568-2583, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.918090.","startPage":"2568","endPage":"2583","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.918090"}],"volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69685b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, V.","contributorId":107407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yaoguo, L.","contributorId":94771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yaoguo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000364,"text":"70000364 - 2008 - Magnetic monitoring of earth and space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:15:56","indexId":"70000364","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3065,"text":"Physics Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic monitoring of earth and space","docAbstract":"The Shenandoah River (VA, USA), the largest tributary of the Potomac River (MD, USA) and an important source of drinking water, has been the site of extensive fish kills since 2004. Previous investigations indicate environmental stressors may be adversely modulating the immune system of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and other species. Anterior kidney (AK) tissue, the major site of blood cell production in fish, was collected from smallmouth bass at three sites along the Shenandoah River. The tissue was divided for immune function and proteomics analyses. Bactericidal activity and respiratory burst were significantly different between North Fork and mainstem Shenandoah River smallmouth bass, whereas South Fork AK tissue did not significantly differ in either of these measures compared with the other sites. Cytotoxic cell activity was highest among South Fork and lowest among North Fork AK leukocytes. The composite two‐dimension gels of the North Fork and mainstem smallmouth bass AK tissues contained 584 and 591 spots, respectively. South Fork smallmouth bass AK expressed only 335 proteins. Nineteen of 50 proteins analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight were successfully identified. Three of the four identified proteins with increased expression in South Fork AK tissue were involved in metabolism. Seven proteins exclusive to mainstem and North Fork smallmouth bass AK and expressed at comparable abundances serve immune and stress response functions. The proteomics data indicate these fish differ in metabolic capacity of AK tissue and in the ability to produce functional leukocytes. The variable responses of the immune function assays further indicate disruption to the immune system. Our results allow us to hypothesize underlying physiological changes that may relate to fish kills and suggest relevant contaminants known to produce similar physiological disruption.