Lake Huron, one of the five Great Lakes, borders the United States and Canada, with Michigan as the only U.S. State on its shoreline. Like other freshwater lakes, it faces water-quality challenges from nutrients and chemicals applied across its drainage basin. Although past studies focused on surface-water sources, groundwater contributions remain less understood. To address this gap, the U.S. Geological Survey, as part of the Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative, classified drainage basins to Lake Huron into eight hydrogeologic zones based on bedrock rock type and glacial sediment transmissivity. Utilizing existing data and empirical field data, we quantified groundwater discharge and identified areas of concern for loading of chloride and nitrate to Lake Huron. Groundwater contributions, including indirect and shoreline discharge, ranged from 5.8 to 11.5 inches annually, totaling 1.9 cubic miles and 0.09 cubic mile, respectively. Hydrogeologic zones with higher glacial sediment transmissivity yielded greater indirect groundwater discharge. Chloride levels above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 250-mg/L recommendation were mainly in the Saginaw lowlands, whereas nitrate above the 10-mg/L standard was rare—found in only 11 wells. Together, the analysis of where groundwater discharge is occurring in the Lake Huron Basin and the identification of areas with potential groundwater-quality concerns can help prioritize areas that are critical to protecting the long-term health of Lake Huron.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Cooperative and Science Monitoring Initiative","usgsCitation":"Kaemming, B.B., Ford, C.M., and Martin, S.L., 2026, Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality contributions to Lake Huron: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5136, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265136.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 41 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-174874","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503529,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119372.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":503229,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P133AHTG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data to improve the understanding of groundwater quantity and quality contributions to Lake Huron"},{"id":503228,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/images/"},{"id":503227,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/sir20265136.XML","description":"SIR 2026–5136 XML"},{"id":503226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/sir20265136.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026–5136 PDF"},{"id":503225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5136/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":503230,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265136/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026–5136 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.8593869,\n 46.759902\n ],\n [\n -82.56847017910663,\n 46.759902\n ],\n [\n -82.56847017910663,\n 42.11813735680883\n ],\n [\n -85.8593869,\n 42.11813735680883\n ],\n [\n -85.8593869,\n 46.759902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes and is solely bordered by the State of Michigan on the U.S. side of the lake. Nutrients like nitrate and chemicals like chloride are commonly applied to the land surface in the form of agricultural fertilizers and road salts. Nutrients and chemicals can then be transported to downstream water bodies, such as Lake Huron, through streams and groundwater flow. However, neither the volume of groundwater nor the nutrients and chemicals it contributes to Lake Huron are well understood. As part of the Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative program, the goals of this study were to assess how much groundwater annually enters Lake Huron and identify if groundwater may be causing nitrate or chloride contamination to Lake Huron. In this study, we quantified groundwater contributions to Lake Huron for drainage areas with similar geology, analyzed existing datasets of groundwater quality with respect to nitrate and chloride, and collected field samples to compare to the other analyses. The results showed that most of the groundwater entering Lake Huron came from groundwater that discharges to streams that flow into the lake, and smaller amounts of groundwater enter Lake Huron through groundwater that directly discharges to the lake shore. Chloride was found to be a greater contaminant risk to Lake Huron because elevated chloride was identified in many groundwater samples from both the bedrock and glacial aquifers. Nitrate was less prevalent in the groundwater samples analyzed. Most groundwater samples did not have detectable levels of nitrate, and the samples that did were primarily from groundwater in the glacial aquifer that lay under agricultural areas.
","publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaemming, Bridget B. 0009-0000-7163-2126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7163-2126","contributorId":306251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaemming","given":"Bridget","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, Chanse M. 0000-0002-7159-5051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7159-5051","contributorId":347040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"Chanse","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Sherry L. 0000-0001-7471-0476","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-0476","contributorId":343444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Sherry","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70275176,"text":"ofr20261006 - 2026 - Annotated bibliography of scientific research on new world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-28T16:24:42.208011","indexId":"ofr20261006","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-20T11:08:53","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1006","displayTitle":"Annotated Bibliography of Scientific Research on New World Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Myiasis in Wildlife","title":"Annotated bibliography of scientific research on new world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in wildlife","docAbstract":"The New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax; NWS) is a parasitic blowfly that lays its eggs in open wounds of live, warm-blooded animals including livestock, wildlife, and potentially humans. The larvae consume living animal tissue, and if untreated, the infestation can lead to death. Although NWS was eradicated in the United States in 1966, it has been moving northward from its endemic range in South America during the past decade and could seriously threaten the health of U.S. wildlife populations, making detection, treatment, and surveillance of the disease far more difficult across this multi-sector disease system.
As the likelihood of NWS reintroduction to the United States increases, veterinarians, wildlife managers, and conservation specialists need to be informed and prepared to respond. The existing knowledge about NWS interactions with wildlife hosts is lacking, especially regarding North American species where the NWS has been eradicated for more than 50 years. To address this knowledge gap, we compiled an annotated bibliography that consolidates key information from the existing literature on NWS infestation in wild animals.
Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Objectives:
Pacific salmon and steelhead hatcheries are central to fisheries management along the West Coast of North America, yet they remain a source of persistent controversy. While often framed in binary terms of pro- or anti-hatchery, public perspectives are more nuanced.
Methods:
We conducted 18 in-depth interviews with members of Oregon’s non-tribal fishing communities, including recreational anglers, professional fishers, non-governmental organizations, hatchery workers, and policymakers, to explore perceptions of salmonid hatcheries.
Results:
We developed a typology of perceptions of salmonid hatcheries in Oregon, identifying five distinct belief-based types, which we label Advocates, Reformers, Balancers, Skeptics, and Restorers. These types differed in how they evaluated hatcheries’ social and ecological impacts, governance legitimacy, and management acceptability. While Advocates and Reformers emphasized hatcheries’ social, economic, cultural, and ecological benefits, Skeptics and Restorers prioritized minimizing ecological harm and questioned hatchery effectiveness. Balancers acknowledged both social benefits and ecological risks, supporting context-specific management. All groups articulated different meanings of the term “wild,” suggesting that different perspectives across typologies may exacerbate fundamental miscommunications.
Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the complexity of stakeholder views and the limitations of binary framings. We suggest that tailored communication and engagement strategies, informed by typologies, may foster more inclusive and productive dialogue in hatchery policy and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/najfmt/vqag016","usgsCitation":"Erickson, B.D., Jones, M.S., and Biedenweg, K., 2026, Beyond pro-vs-anti hatchery: A typology of fishing community perceptions of salmonid hatcheries in Oregon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 46, p. 636-652, https://doi.org/10.1093/najfmt/vqag016.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"636","endPage":"652","ipdsId":"IP-184594","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Brian D.","contributorId":372066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erickson","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Megan Siobhan 0000-0002-4284-3650","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-3650","contributorId":294651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"Siobhan","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biedenweg, Kelly","contributorId":372067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biedenweg","given":"Kelly","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70275777,"text":"70275777 - 2026 - Thematic accuracy assessment of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD2021) for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-19T14:40:53.82663","indexId":"70275777","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-20T09:29:38","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8118,"text":"GIScience & Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thematic accuracy assessment of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD2021) for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium’s National Land Cover Database (NLCD) was established as an operational, stakeholder-oriented land cover monitoring program with the release of the NLCD2001 database. Both land cover and land cover change data became available with the release of NLCD2006. Here, we report the land cover and land cover change accuracies for NLCD2021, documenting Level II and I accuracies for the 2016, 2019, and 2021 land cover datasets and 2016–2021 land cover change. An additional objective, not addressed in previous NLCD assessments, is the estimation of the total variance of area estimates, where total variance includes sampling variance and variability in reference label assignment. We estimate the total variance of the area estimates for the stable and change classes targeted by the strata used in the sampling design. For the 16 Level II classes, the overall accuracy (OA) was 73% ± 1% when agreement was defined using only the primary reference class label and 89% ± 0.7% when agreement was defined as a match between the map label and either the primary or alternate reference label (± standard error, SE). For the eight Level I classes, the corresponding OA estimates were 81% ± 0.9% and 89% ± 0.7%. Level II and Level I OA tended to be higher for 2016 land cover and lower and more similar for 2019 and 2021 land cover. Land cover change user and producer accuracies (UA and PA) tended to be <50%. When the alternate reference label was included in the definition of agreement, exceptions of high class-specific accuracies (≥75%) were more prevalent for PA than UA. The consistency of reference label interpretations was greater for no-change classes than for change classes. The estimates of the total variance incorporating interpreter variability were often smaller than the standard variance estimates, indicating the possibility that the total variance estimator is highly unstable. Further study is needed to improve the utility of this total variance estimator for practical applications.
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USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":371385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":39524,"text":"College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":371386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","affiliations":[{"id":37374,"text":"Retired USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dewitz, Jon 0000-0002-0458-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-212X","contributorId":215192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitz","given":"Jon","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vasa Kilaru, Johnathan","contributorId":371413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasa Kilaru","given":"Johnathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275320,"text":"70275320 - 2026 - A novel drive-point multilevel system to investigate PFAS and other contaminants of global concern in the hyporheic zone of a wastewater effluent dominated stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T14:14:57.192235","indexId":"70275320","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-20T09:06:09","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel drive-point multilevel system to investigate PFAS and other contaminants of global concern in the hyporheic zone of a wastewater effluent dominated stream","docAbstract":"Contaminants found in treated wastewater discharged to streams, including pharmaceuticals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are of global concern due to their deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems and potential impacts to human health. Hyporheic zones have strong potential for contaminant attenuation. Assessing this potential requires collection of physical and biogeochemical data within the hyporheic zone. This study tested the applicability of a novel drive-point multilevel system (DP-MLS) for quantifying head profiles and characterizing contaminant concentrations in the hyporheic zone of a temperate region effluent dominated stream (EDS). DP-MLS, each with 4 ports, were installed in the stream bed at two sites, DS-1 and DS-2, 0.2 and 4.7 km downstream of the effluent outfall, respectively. Head profiles were measured and groundwater collected for analysis of pharmaceuticals and PFAS temporally over two years. The DP-MLS withstood rapid changes in stage, ice formation, and floating debris. Vertical hydraulic gradients (VHG) were generally upward but varied in magnitude indicating heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity and variability in flow conditions. Upward VHG were also about 2X larger at DS-1 than at DS-2. Contaminant concentration profiles consistently showed penetration of pharmaceuticals and PFAS to 1 m below the bed at DS-2 while there was less penetration, lower groundwater concentrations, and more temporal variability in concentrations at DS-1. Integration of the physical and chemical data suggests weaker upwelling conditions at DS-2 are more easily reversed during periods of high stream stage, which could facilitate migration of wastewater contaminants into the bed. However, further studies incorporating other transport processes and reach scale dynamics are required to fully characterize these exchanges. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficacy of these novel DP-MLSs for characterization of the hyporheic zone and provides new insights into the occurrence, composition, and persistence of wastewater derived contaminants in the hyporheic zone of a well-studied EDS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70517","usgsCitation":"Meyer, J.R., Mianecki, A.L., Occhi, E., Kolpin, D., and LeFevre, G.H., 2026, A novel drive-point multilevel system to investigate PFAS and other contaminants of global concern in the hyporheic zone of a wastewater effluent dominated stream: Hydrological Processes, v. 40, no. 4, e70517, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70517.","productDescription":"e70517, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-182710","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United states","state":"Iowa","county":"Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Muddy Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.3677,41.8603],[-91.3673,41.7745],[-91.3675,41.6855],[-91.3671,41.5987],[-91.3679,41.5107],[-91.3687,41.4235],[-91.4839,41.4222],[-91.4843,41.4286],[-91.492,41.4405],[-91.5033,41.4493],[-91.5026,41.452],[-91.4989,41.4538],[-91.4988,41.4592],[-91.5145,41.4676],[-91.5156,41.4704],[-91.5136,41.4767],[-91.5038,41.4779],[-91.5029,41.4874],[-91.5039,41.4933],[-91.5076,41.4939],[-91.5107,41.4944],[-91.5112,41.4971],[-91.508,41.5016],[-91.5098,41.5034],[-91.5117,41.5016],[-91.5148,41.4985],[-91.5197,41.4981],[-91.5196,41.5027],[-91.5281,41.5078],[-91.528,41.511],[-91.5991,41.5107],[-91.7138,41.511],[-91.8291,41.5116],[-91.827,41.6001],[-91.8337,41.6006],[-91.8335,41.6865],[-91.8327,41.775],[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.716,41.862],[-91.5989,41.8612],[-91.4836,41.8608],[-91.3677,41.8603]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Johnson\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, J. R.","contributorId":370596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mianecki, A. L.","contributorId":370597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mianecki","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Occhi, E.","contributorId":370598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Occhi","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":205652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeFevre, G. H.","contributorId":370599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeFevre","given":"G.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275739,"text":"70275739 - 2026 - Line transect distance sampling and genetic analyses reveal a small but genetically diverse coastal Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-15T13:40:58.246685","indexId":"70275739","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-20T08:36:40","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Line transect distance sampling and genetic analyses reveal a small but genetically diverse coastal Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) population","docAbstract":"Gopher Tortoises inhabit coastal systems, including barrier islands, across the southeastern U.S. St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge is an uninhabited barrier island located off the coast of northwestern Florida. Although tortoises have been observed on the island, no information is available on the status of the population. We conducted a line transect distance sampling survey to evaluate the Gopher Tortoise population on St. Vincent Island. Additionally, we collected samples for genetic analyses from 11 individual tortoises captured opportunistically and via bucket traps on the island and 15 tortoises captured at nearby mainland sites. Surveys covered approximately 43% of the sampling frame and resulted in 55 burrows, 28 of which were occupied. The abundance estimate for the island was 52 tortoises (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27–100) and the density was relatively low at 0.071 tortoises/ha (95% CI = 0.037–0.136). Genetic analyses of two mtDNA markers identified a new haplotype unique to St. Vincent Island and another three haplotypes previously found across the southeastern U.S. The genetic composition of Gopher Tortoises on St. Vincent Island is representative of the entire southeastern U.S. but most closely aligns with tortoise populations east of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee River system. Although the tortoise population on this island is small, the extent of seemingly appropriate habitat on the island and the genetic diversity of the population suggests the potential for growth with added management intervention.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M., Gallardo-Alanis, I., Chordia, D., Palandri, M., and Chiari, Y., 2026, Line transect distance sampling and genetic analyses reveal a small but genetically diverse coastal Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) population: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 199-212.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"212","ipdsId":"IP-173748","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":504408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Vincent Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.23188159477037,\n 29.696658487854037\n ],\n [\n -85.05295475550918,\n 29.696658487854037\n ],\n [\n -85.05295475550918,\n 29.613508264154774\n ],\n [\n -85.23188159477037,\n 29.613508264154774\n ],\n [\n -85.23188159477037,\n 29.696658487854037\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret 0000-0001-7520-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":206258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallardo-Alanis, Irlanda","contributorId":371343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallardo-Alanis","given":"Irlanda","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chordia, Diya","contributorId":371344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chordia","given":"Diya","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palandri, Michael","contributorId":266063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palandri","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54875,"text":"Cherokee Nation Systems Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiari, Ylenia 0000-0003-2338-8602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-8602","contributorId":266062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiari","given":"Ylenia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274714,"text":"70274714 - 2026 - Quantitative mineral resource assessment of lithium pegmatite deposits in the northern Appalachian orogen, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:29:50.579796","indexId":"70274714","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-18T10:21:41","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative mineral resource assessment of lithium pegmatite deposits in the northern Appalachian orogen, USA","docAbstract":"Lithium demand is projected to increase more than 48 times by 2040 due to electric vehicle production and other energy storage needs. Most lithium production is outside of the USA, thereby increasing supply chain vulnerability. The combined end use importance and heightened supply risk of lithium make this lightest metallic element a critical commodity to the USA. To mitigate this supply risk, the US Geological Survey is actively assessing lithium deposits in the USA. Herein, we detail an assessment for lithium-mineralized pegmatites in the US northern Appalachian Mountains. Permissive tracts were generated by cross-referencing tectonic and geologic maps and mineral occurrence data with mappable criteria derived from generalized and region-specific lithium pegmatite ore deposit models; tracts were then ranked as having high, medium, or low permissibility. Available geophysical and geochemical data were found to be of minimal utility for this deposit type at the scale of the assessment. The number of undiscovered deposits were estimated and integrated into probabilistic simulations, which included an expanded and updated global grade and tonnage model of pegmatite-hosted lithium ore. The estimated total amount of undiscovered resources for the northern Appalachian Orogen has a median value of 1,410,000 metric tons of Li2O when considering moderate correlation across sub-regions. At a confidence level of 90%, a resource of at least 90,000 metric tons of Li2O remains undiscovered, and at a 10% confidence level, a resource of as much as 7,380,000 metric tons Li2O remains undiscovered. After applying an up-to-date economic filter to convert median contained lithium to recoverable material, a correlated total of 900,000 metric tons of Li2O may be economically extractable, equating to enough Li2O to provide the current annual US lithium supply deficit (presently obtained through net imports) for 127 years at 2025 rates of apparent consumption. This period of provision will inevitably shorten with projected increasing consumption rates, emphasizing that further research could be completed to better delineate regions of high lithium resource potential and support exploration and domestic production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10652-9","usgsCitation":"Wintzer, N.E., Holm-Denoma, C., Poletti, J.E., McCaffrey, D.M., Mordensky, S.P., Tharalson, E., and Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., 2026, Quantitative mineral resource assessment of lithium pegmatite deposits in the northern Appalachian orogen, USA: Natural Resources Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10652-9.","ipdsId":"IP-175117","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10652-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"northern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.9413823,\n 44.8462936\n ],\n [\n -67.7291768,\n 45.7565985\n ],\n [\n -67.89799,\n 47.13934\n ],\n [\n -69.1359528,\n 47.4573548\n ],\n [\n -71.1992241,\n 45.3230589\n ],\n [\n -71.5368503,\n 45.0321752\n ],\n [\n -72.4371869,\n 45.0586805\n ],\n [\n -72.7560561,\n 43.7454766\n ],\n [\n -72.624757,\n 42.8032004\n ],\n [\n -73.2437384,\n 42.761901\n ],\n [\n -73.5438506,\n 41.5101258\n ],\n [\n -75.644636,\n 40.9458509\n ],\n [\n -77.0138979,\n 40.4195665\n ],\n [\n -77.3890381,\n 39.7883146\n ],\n [\n -75.8322061,\n 39.7162111\n ],\n [\n -75.7759351,\n 39.1221196\n ],\n [\n -74.5004582,\n 39.4704951\n ],\n [\n -73.8814768,\n 40.3338318\n ],\n [\n -71.7994485,\n 40.9458509\n ],\n [\n -69.9237473,\n 41.2709041\n ],\n [\n 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0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poletti, Jacob Evan 0000-0002-3091-1249","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-1249","contributorId":345933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poletti","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Evan","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCaffrey, Dalton M. 0000-0002-2539-4865","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-4865","contributorId":298840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"Dalton","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mordensky, Stanley Paul 0000-0001-8607-303X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-303X","contributorId":292014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mordensky","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tharalson, Erik Roger 0000-0002-3892-4458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-4458","contributorId":353883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharalson","given":"Erik Roger","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, Collin 0000-0001-5485-3832 ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-3832","contributorId":203951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronkite-Ratcliff","given":"Collin","email":"ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275185,"text":"70275185 - 2026 - The role of groundwater in contributing to surface water salinization in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T15:13:37.377649","indexId":"70275185","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-18T08:04:50","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of groundwater in contributing to surface water salinization in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Freshwater salinization impacts the availability of water for human use and ecosystem needs worldwide. It has been estimated that total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Colorado River Basin cause $350 million/year in damages and substantial resources are devoted to reducing TDS loading to streams. This study describes the development and application of coupled watershed models that enable TDS source tracking through the subsurface and across the landscape at a seasonal timestep for 35 years in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Results indicate that, on average, 75% of TDS loading to streams originates as baseflow, and 50% of loading is lagged in delivery by longer than one season. Snowmelt was identified as a dominant process controlling the transport of lagged TDS to streams. This approach informs when and where TDS mitigation efforts may be effective in a watershed that serves as a critical water supply for the southwestern United States.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL118834","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Miller, O.L., Longley, P.C., Wise, D.R., McDonnell, M.C., Schmadel, N.M., and Alder, J.R., 2026, The role of groundwater in contributing to surface water salinization in the Upper Colorado River Basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 53, no. 8, e2025GL118834, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL118834.","productDescription":"e2025GL118834, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179871","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118834","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.90060995927905,\n 42.82938512458236\n ],\n [\n -110.90060995927905,\n 36.020335240877046\n ],\n [\n -107.09503766746343,\n 36.020335240877046\n ],\n [\n -107.09503766746343,\n 42.82938512458236\n ],\n [\n -110.90060995927905,\n 42.82938512458236\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":219283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Olivia L. 0000-0002-8846-7048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-7048","contributorId":216556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longley, Patrick C. 0000-0001-8767-5577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-5577","contributorId":268147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longley","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, Daniel R. 0000-0002-1215-9612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-9612","contributorId":217259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonnell, Morgan C. 0000-0001-6946-9286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-9286","contributorId":359926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Morgan","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmadel, Noah M. 0000-0002-2046-1694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-1694","contributorId":219105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmadel","given":"Noah","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275281,"text":"70275281 - 2026 - Evaluating snow depth measurements from ground-penetrating radar and airborne lidar in boreal forest and tundra environments during the NASA SnowEx 2023 campaign","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T15:06:55.279093","indexId":"70275281","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T10:04:43","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3554,"text":"The Cryosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating snow depth measurements from ground-penetrating radar and airborne lidar in boreal forest and tundra environments during the NASA SnowEx 2023 campaign","docAbstract":"Snow is a vital component of high-latitude terrestrial systems, but environmental factors (e.g., permafrost) and complex vegetation challenge the accurate measurement of key snowpack properties. We evaluated local-scale ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and large-scale airborne lidar retrievals of snow depth collected during the NASA SnowEx 2023 campaign in tundra and boreal forest environments in Alaska along 44 short (3–12 m) transects. Compared to in situ observations, we identified modest biases for GPR snow depths (bias <0.03 m in tundra, +0.06 m in boreal forests) and larger biases for lidar snow depths in the boreal forests (–0.16 m). At the Upper Kuparuk-Toolik tundra site, lidar snow depths exhibited a small bias (–0.02 m), whereas the bias was much larger at the Arctic Coastal Plain tundra site (+0.19 m). For most sites, biases were primarily related to sub-snow vegetation, tussocks, and seasonally dynamic ground. However, we identified vertical alignment issues with the Arctic Coastal Plain lidar snow depth dataset that likely contributed to the higher bias. The complex ground surface and sub-snow vegetation in these environments present a challenge to established snow depth measurement methods, which needs to be considered when evaluating novel remote sensing approaches.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geoscience Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-20-2169-2026","usgsCitation":"Holland-Goon, K., Bonnell, R.R., McGrath, D., Baxter, W.B., Meehan, T., Webb, R., Larsen, C.F., Marshall, H., Mason, M.A., and Vuyovich, C., 2026, Evaluating snow depth measurements from ground-penetrating radar and airborne lidar in boreal forest and tundra environments during the NASA SnowEx 2023 campaign: The Cryosphere, v. 20, no. 4, p. 2169-2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2169-2026.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2169","endPage":"2179","ipdsId":"IP-188066","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2169-2026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.09112510557452,\n 70.69728866358227\n ],\n [\n -141.42463228102963,\n 70.69728866358227\n ],\n [\n -141.42463228102963,\n 62.185185988357944\n ],\n [\n -152.09112510557452,\n 62.185185988357944\n ],\n [\n -152.09112510557452,\n 70.69728866358227\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland-Goon, Kajsa","contributorId":370419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland-Goon","given":"Kajsa","affiliations":[{"id":88022,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonnell, Randall Ray 0000-0002-8812-351X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-351X","contributorId":365098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonnell","given":"Randall","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGrath, Daniel","contributorId":302518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGrath","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":40333,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baxter, W. Brad","contributorId":370420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"W.","middleInitial":"Brad","affiliations":[{"id":88023,"text":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meehan, Tate","contributorId":330962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meehan","given":"Tate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79079,"text":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webb, Ryan","contributorId":330966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79081,"text":"Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larsen, Christopher F.","contributorId":370421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Christopher","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":88024,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marshall, Hans-Peter","contributorId":365100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Hans-Peter","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mason, Megan A.","contributorId":213047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vuyovich, Carrie","contributorId":365104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vuyovich","given":"Carrie","affiliations":[{"id":40052,"text":"NASA Goddard","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70275240,"text":"70275240 - 2026 - A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for species diversity in ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T14:13:47.76728","indexId":"70275240","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T09:11:08","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for species diversity in ecology","docAbstract":"Species diversity is the foundation of many ecological disciplines. This metric is often approximated using species richness and evenness, even though actual richness likely exceeds observations due to imperfect sampling methods. Estimating the “true” species richness, which includes identifying the number of missing species, has intrigued ecologists for decades. We adopted a parametric model that appeared in Fisher et al. (1943), which models the numbers of individuals from different species as random samples from a negative binomial distribution, and developed a Bayesian computational approach to directly estimate the distribution model parameters. The model parameters represent species abundance and evenness, and can be used to derive species richness. We evaluated our parametric approach using (1) a simulation study and (2) three historical data sets. Furthermore, we illustrated the hierarchical modeling approach to combine data from multiple parallel studies using a biannual fishery survey data set. Our parametric model formulation is computationally efficient, and the hierarchical structure facilitates embedding diversity estimation into broader application, such as assessing spatial and temporal trends in species diversity associated with environmental stressors. Additionally, because the two parameters of the negative binomial distribution model represent species abundance and evenness of a community, this parametric approach facilitates a deeper understanding of the ecological systems under study. The negative binomial distribution model works with a wide range of species frequency distribution types. As a result, our emphasis on a parametric model can help us characterize the structure of an ecosystem and provide a greater depth of ecologically meaningful information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103773","usgsCitation":"Qian, S.S., Dufour, M.R., Jaffe, S., Hilling, C.D., and Hintz, W.D., 2026, A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for species diversity in ecology: Ecological Informatics, v. 95, 103773, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103773.","productDescription":"103773, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170631","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103773","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qian, Song S.","contributorId":370365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qian","given":"Song","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dufour, Mark Richard 0000-0001-6930-7666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-7666","contributorId":291450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufour","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Sabrina","contributorId":333990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Sabrina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hilling, Corbin David 0000-0003-4040-9516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-9516","contributorId":298946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilling","given":"Corbin","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hintz, William D.","contributorId":370367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hintz","given":"William","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275730,"text":"70275730 - 2026 - A practical decision tool for marine bird mortality assessments","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70263997,"text":"70263997 - 2025 - A practical decision tool for marine bird mortality assessments","indexId":"70263997","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"A practical decision tool for marine bird mortality assessments"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70275730,"text":"70275730 - 2026 - A practical decision tool for marine bird mortality assessments","indexId":"70275730","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"A practical decision tool for marine bird mortality assessments"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-14T14:01:51.445707","indexId":"70275730","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9101,"text":"Ornithological Applications","printIssn":"0010-5422","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A practical decision tool for marine bird mortality assessments","docAbstract":"Given the rise in anthropogenic, environmental, and disease events contributing to marine bird mortality, there is a critical need to improve the rigor of mortality assessments. Deficits in data collection and mortality estimation can hinder a manager’s ability to document the scale of events and assess population level impacts. Therefore, to inform decisions required during activities, such as conservation status assessments or harvest management, organizations may choose to incorporate mortality assessments into response plans. Resources, capacity, and assets to assess mortality vary across jurisdictions (federal, state, Indigenous, local, etc.), and clear guidance to support mortality assessments is often unavailable or not clearly addressed. Here, we present a decision support tool to help managers identify and evaluate survey options to assess bird mortality in a diverse array of scenarios. The objective of the decision tool is to improve data collection and availability, which will increase the ability to estimate mortality robustly, given situation-specific attributes and constraints. This decision tool is designed to guide the response when a mortality event is initially encountered and offers suggestions for assessment and reporting procedures in the absence of other guidance or to complement existing protocols. The decision tool is also meant to inform decision making for response determination and resource allocation. The tool facilitates examination of options for further assessment and monitoring, which users determine by examining questions pertaining to species prioritization, determination of mortality minimum spatial extent, and the potential magnitude of impacts on affected species. Finally, identification of appropriate survey methods that address imperfect detection when a complete census is not possible are determined by exploring location, spatial and temporal extent, and the type of species affected. Ultimately, this decision tool aims to facilitate and improve the standardization of mortality assessments, equipping managers with a practical resource to navigate the decision-making process for marine bird mortality estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duag044","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Ramey, A.M., Avery-Gomm, S., Robertson, G.J., Romano, M.D., Mullinax, J.M., Boldenow, M.L., Atkinson, P.W., and Prosser, D., 2026, A practical decision tool for marine bird mortality assessments: Ornithological Applications, https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duag044.","ipdsId":"IP-180115","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duag044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Johanna","contributorId":304699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Johanna","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avery-Gomm, Stephanie","contributorId":213093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery-Gomm","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12552,"text":"University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Gregory J.","contributorId":371324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Gregory","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":371325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mullinax, Jennifer M","contributorId":371326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mullinax","given":"Jennifer","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boldenow, Megan L","contributorId":371327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boldenow","given":"Megan","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Atkinson, Philip W.","contributorId":371328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Philip","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38864,"text":"British Trust for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Prosser, Diann 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":217931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70275246,"text":"70275246 - 2026 - Hydrogeology, groundwater salinity distributions, and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities on groundwater in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T14:10:27.768067","indexId":"70275246","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T08:57:51","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":11111,"text":"PLOS Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology, groundwater salinity distributions, and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities on groundwater in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"This study seeks to determine the effects of oil field produced water disposal operations and well mechanical integrity issues on groundwater quality in oil fields in the southwest San Joaquin Valley, California. Whereas previous studies used groundwater wells to study shallow aquifers outside the oil fields, this study demonstrates that future approaches may use oil well geophysical logs to map groundwater head gradients, create salinity profiles and document changes in salinity over time in oil field areas with sparse groundwater well data and at depths greater than 330 m. We also incorporate an analysis of well histories to determine potential effects of compromised wellbore seals on changes in aquifer quality that cannot be explained by water disposal practices. Water quality in the aquifers is naturally brackish across most of the area, with better quality groundwater occurring in the eastern part. Geophysical logs are used to determine salinity variations within aquifers including the depth at which TDS exceeds 10,000 mg/L. This depth ranges from 366 m in the northwest to approximately 1,500 m in the southeast. Oil well porosity logs are used to determine water table elevations. These logs indicate the water table slopes south-southeast, showing the predominant groundwater flow direction is from oil field disposal areas toward better quality groundwater east of the oil fields. Geophysical logs show formation resistivity near some disposal facilities has decreased over time, indicating the salinity of the aquifer has increased due to disposal of saline produced water in injection wells and ponds. Oil well history analysis suggests that increased salinity over time in water-saturated sand intervals >1.5 km from disposal facilities may be caused by mechanical failures and/or incomplete borehole seals in poorly constructed or abandoned wellbores prevalent throughout the study area—particularly wells drilled prior to 1930.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pwat.0000450","usgsCitation":"Gillespie, J.M., Gannon, R., Ball, L.B., Warden, J.G., Everett, R.R., and Stephens, M.J., 2026, Hydrogeology, groundwater salinity distributions, and assessment of the effect of oil-production activities on groundwater in the Midway Valley area, western Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California: PLOS Water, v. 5, no. 4, e0000450, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000450.","productDescription":"e0000450, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180280","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","otherGeospatial":"Midway Valley area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillespie, Janice M. 0000-0003-1667-3472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-3472","contributorId":219675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannon, Riley 0000-0002-1239-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-1083","contributorId":205967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Riley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warden, John G. 0000-0003-1384-458X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-458X","contributorId":215846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":208212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, Michael J. 0000-0001-8995-9928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-9928","contributorId":205895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275178,"text":"70275178 - 2026 - Water volumes, heat flow, and solute discharge from Old Faithful Geyser eruptions, Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T15:01:47.79332","indexId":"70275178","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-17T07:49:27","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water volumes, heat flow, and solute discharge from Old Faithful Geyser eruptions, Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"The iconic Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA, has attracted a significant amount of research because of the relative regularity and impressive size of its eruptions. Numerous studies have included observations, measurements, and analyses that informed models of geyser eruptions. However, fundamental quantities, including the associated mass and heat discharged, remain poorly constrained. In April 2025 we measured the volume of water from 45 Old Faithful Geyser eruptions using a portable flume in an outflow channel and specific conductance measurements in the Firehole River. We used high-speed video to perform velocimetry, measured changes in water chemistry to calculate the volume of water evaporated along the outflow channels, and used thermodynamic calculations to estimate the volume of water erupted as steam and to quantify the geyser's heat output. The calculated average volume of water discharged by Old Faithful Geyser in each eruption is 27.9 ± 9.4 m3, with no relation between eruption volume and the length of the preceding eruption interval. Video analysis of the eruption's liquid-dominated phase yields similar volumes of 21–30 m3. The calculated heat flow from the geyser is 2.2–2.4 MW and the average annual discharge of chloride, fluoride, and arsenic are 63 tons, 3.9 tons, and 241 kg, respectively. Average annual silica deposition rate on the geyser cone and along the outflow channels is 7 tons. This study provides a methodology for future studies at geysers worldwide and a baseline for monitoring future activity changes at Old Faithful.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108624","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., McCleskey, R., Rudolph, M.L., Peek, S., Roth, D.A., Schott-Atkins, M., Manga, M., Folz Donahue, K.F., Reed, M.H., and Hungerford, J.D., 2026, Water volumes, heat flow, and solute discharge from Old Faithful Geyser eruptions, Yellowstone National Park, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 474, 108624, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108624.","productDescription":"108624, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-185069","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2026.108624","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.05006455962126,\n 45.0129140640631\n ],\n [\n -111.05006455962126,\n 43.754298426623194\n ],\n [\n -109.3525348558879,\n 43.754298426623194\n ],\n [\n -109.3525348558879,\n 45.0129140640631\n ],\n [\n -111.05006455962126,\n 45.0129140640631\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"474","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":216321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. 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Continued research can be used to show the potential for previously undiscovered critical mineral resources in southwestern Montana and in other parts of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263064","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Montana Technical University and Montana Bureau of Geology and Mines","programNote":"Mineral Resources Program and National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Gaynor, S.P., Anderson, E.D., Eastman, K.A., Lund, K., Gammons, C., Lowers, H., and Thompson, J., 2026, Critical minerals in zinc ore—An update on Earth Mapping Resources Initiative Research in the Boulder Batholith region (ver. 1.2, April 2026), Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3064, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263064.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-179404","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503181,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119302.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":503104,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263064/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3064"},{"id":500811,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/versionHist.txt","size":"8.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2026-3064 version history"},{"id":500765,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/fs20263064.xml"},{"id":500764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/images"},{"id":500740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/fs20263064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3064"},{"id":500739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3064/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.667,\n 46.667\n ],\n [\n -113.4167,\n 46.667\n ],\n [\n -113.4167,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -111.667,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -111.667,\n 46.667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 4, 2026; Version 1.1: March 5, 2026; Version 1.2: April 16, 2026","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
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Computation of detailed groundwater flow budgets for subdivisions of the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system has enabled quantification and more thorough understanding of groundwater flow within this important water resource. A zone budget analysis based on previously published groundwater models of the Virginia Coastal Plain and Virginia Eastern Shore indicates that groundwater conditions vary substantially throughout the Coastal Plain aquifer system because of local variations in hydrogeology and historical and ongoing variations in groundwater use and management. Decades of substantial groundwater withdrawal from the Coastal Plain aquifer system have altered groundwater flow from predevelopment conditions. Rates of sustainable withdrawal are limited because the downward groundwater flow rate into confined aquifers is a relatively small part of the total groundwater budget for the aquifer system compared to the rate of recharge at the land surface.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Coastal Plain model indicate that groundwater flow is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to rivers and coastal waterbodies and downward through a series of underlying aquifers and confining units to the Potomac aquifer, which is the deepest aquifer and the source of most groundwater withdrawals. Downward flow into the Potomac aquifer is estimated to be only 7 percent of total net precipitation-derived net recharge at the land surface but makes up about 66 percent of inflow to the aquifer in Virginia, with much of the remaining inflow occurring laterally from outside of defined groundwater budget regions in Virginia. For several decades prior to 2010, high rates of withdrawal from the Potomac aquifer resulted in substantial decline in groundwater storage in the aquifer and in most overlying aquifers and confining units. From 2010 to 2023, rates of withdrawal substantially lower than the historical maximum resulted in small net increases in groundwater storage in the confined aquifer system for most regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Nevertheless, for the same period, groundwater storage for the entire model domain continues to incrementally decline, indicating that storage recovery in Virginia is offset by a continued decrease in storage in areas beneath the Chesapeake Bay or adjacent areas of Maryland and North Carolina. Withdrawals from the Potomac aquifer have induced substantial downward flow which is a large part of groundwater budgets for confined aquifers such as the Potomac. For the most recent simulated conditions (2023) downward groundwater flow continues, but because vertical flow rates are a function of the difference between water pressure in the upper surficial systems and lower confined units, rates of downward flow are lower than those in earlier decades as the confined water levels partially recover from larger groundwater withdrawals in the past. Geographically, groundwater flow is generally inward from perimeter regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain toward central regions with the largest withdrawal rates. Groundwater inflow from coastal regions could be contributing to saltwater intrusion, even though that was not measured in this study.
Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Eastern Shore peninsula, a geographic region of the Virginia Coastal Plain, indicate that groundwater flow for that isolated aquifer system is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to coastal water bodies and downward into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system, which is the source of most withdrawals. Downward groundwater flow into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system is estimated to be less than 2 percent of total recharge and less than 9 percent of net recharge at the water table but makes up more than 93 percent of all inflow to the confined aquifer system. Decades of substantial but relatively consistent groundwater withdrawals have induced greater downward flow rates into the confined aquifer system but also have resulted in loss of groundwater from storage. For the most recent simulated period (2023), estimated storage loss accounts for slightly under 7 percent of withdrawals from the confined aquifer system. The reported withdrawal rate for this period from the confined Yorktown-Eastover system is near the highest reported rate for the Virginia Eastern Shore, which means that the storage depletion is expected to continue, even though groundwater levels appear to be relatively stable. Estimated groundwater flow rates upward from the confining unit underlying the Yorktown-Eastover system and low rates of inflow from coastal water bodies underscore ongoing concerns about up-coning and lateral intrusion of salty groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Pope, J.P., Gordon, A.D., and Frederiks, R.S., 2026, Computation of regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1002, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261002. [Supersedes USGS Preprint https://doi.org/10.31223/X5HB5D.]","productDescription":"Report: viii, 48 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-185679","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503256,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502777,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GJEYW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Input and output files from the Zonebudget program used with MODFLOW models to compute regional groundwater budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system"},{"id":502776,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/images/"},{"id":502775,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/ofr20261002.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 XML"},{"id":502772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1002/ofr20261002.pdf","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 PDF"},{"id":502774,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261002/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1002 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Virginia Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.55435844550527\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 36.55435844550527\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
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Ice jams occur regularly at the southern outlet of Osoyoos Lake, which spans the border between the State of Washington and British Columbia, Canada. In recent winters, ice jams caused (1) decreases in downstream discharge that may adversely affect salmon spawning habitat and (2) short-duration lake-level rise that can interfere with lake level management agreements. In response, water managers sought to understand the environmental conditions associated with the historical ice-jam occurrences on Osoyoos Lake. Researchers compiled datasets of discharge, lake level, and air temperature from four meteorological and three hydrologic stations near Oroville, Washington, to determine “ice-jam” or “non-ice-jam” days from 1942 to 2024.
After confirming known ice jams since 1994 using Landsat 8–9 and Sentinel–2 satellite imagery along with discharge, lake level, and air temperature data, researchers designated ice-jam days. They conducted statistical analyses to examine environmental conditions associated with ice-jam occurrences on Osoyoos Lake. Statistical tests indicated significant differences in wind speed, wind direction, and air temperature between ice-jam and non-ice-jam days. A linear discriminant-analysis model correctly predicted 12 of 13 historical ice-jam days since 1994 and determined that ice jams are more likely under westerly and northwesterly winds near or above 10 kilometers per hour (km/h) and minimum temperatures near or below –9.4 degrees Celsius (°C). An analysis of historical discharge suggests that ice jams have occurred since at least the 1940s, but 13 ice jam days occurred in the past decade (2014–2024), exceeding any previous decade. The daily minimum air temperature in the Osoyoos Lake region has increased at a rate of 0.021 °C per year since the 1940s, but ice jams usually occur in winters with colder average temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Sutfin, N.A., and Breen, S.J., 2026, Historical ice jams and associated environmental conditions on Osoyoos Lake: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5003, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265003.","productDescription":"vii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-171288","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503254,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119368.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502874,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/sir20265003.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5003 XML"},{"id":502873,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265003/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5003 HTML"},{"id":502872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/sir20265003.pdf","size":"49.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5003 PDF"},{"id":502871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502875,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5003/images/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Osoyoos Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.67443538186532,\n 49.11443094771283\n ],\n [\n -119.3142803507082,\n 49.11443094771283\n ],\n [\n -119.3142803507082,\n 48.87431047779373\n ],\n [\n -119.67443538186532,\n 48.87431047779373\n ],\n [\n -119.67443538186532,\n 49.11443094771283\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Washington Water Science Center
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Ice jams are accumulations of ice that partially block water from flowing downstream in rivers and lakes. Ice jams form at the shallow outlet of Osoyoos Lake, which drains into the Okanogan River at the border of the United States and Canada. These ice jams can temporarily reduce river flow downstream, which can harm salmon habitat and cause short lived increases in lake levels that complicate international agreements for managing water levels.
To better understand when and why these ice jams form, researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey examined historical records of river flow, lake level, and air temperature data from stations near Oroville, Washington (located just south of the lake outlet), for the years 1942–2024. Researchers used satellite images and environmental data during 1994–2024 to confirm known ice jams and then identified “ice jam days” for that period.
The team compared weather conditions on ice jam days and non-ice-jam days. They found that ice jams are more likely to form when winds blow from the west or northwest at speeds of about 10 kilometers per hour or more, and when minimum temperatures drop to –9.4 degrees Celsius or lower. A statistical model based on air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction correctly identified nearly all known ice jam days since 1994. While the statistical model identified some days without ice jams as ice-jam days, no ice-jam days occurred outside of the range of wind and temperature conditions identified.
Although ice jams have occurred since at least the 1940s, they have become more frequent in recent years: 13 ice jam days occurred during 2014–2024, more than in any previous decade. Even though winter temperatures in the Osoyoos Lake region have risen slightly over time, ice jams tend to occur during colder than average winters.
Understanding the conditions that lead to ice jams can help decision-makers better anticipate when ice jams may occur and plan for their potential effects on salmon habitat and lake level management.
","publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutfin, Nicholas A. 0000-0003-4429-7814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-7814","contributorId":357883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutfin","given":"Nicholas","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, Stephen J. 0000-0002-2630-6206","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-6206","contributorId":369971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Stephen","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70275140,"text":"70275140 - 2026 - A roadmap for implementing the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-16T15:01:32.768248","indexId":"70275140","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T09:54:07","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5056,"text":"Environmental Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A roadmap for implementing the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Scientific Publishing","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0080","usgsCitation":"Cooke, S.J., Lynch, A., Tickner, D., Abell, R., Piczak, M.L., Arthington, A.H., Thieme, M., Perry, D.M., Britton, J.R., Dalu, T., Birnie-Gauvin, K., Ormerod, S.J., Matuk, F.A., Raghavan, R., and Smol, J.P., 2026, A roadmap for implementing the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity: Environmental Reviews, v. 34, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0080.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-154483","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooke, Steve J.","contributorId":370066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steve","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail 0000-0001-8449-8392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":220490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tickner, David","contributorId":224152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tickner","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37767,"text":"World Wildlife Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abell, Robin","contributorId":152400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abell","given":"Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piczak, Morgan L.","contributorId":370070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piczak","given":"Morgan","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arthington, Angela H.","contributorId":370071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthington","given":"Angela","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7117,"text":"Griffith University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thieme, Michele","contributorId":213687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thieme","given":"Michele","affiliations":[{"id":37767,"text":"World Wildlife Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perry, Denielle M.","contributorId":215885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Denielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39324,"text":"School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Britton, J. Robert","contributorId":214429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Britton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dalu, Tatenda","contributorId":332550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalu","given":"Tatenda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79488,"text":"University of Mpumalanga","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Birnie-Gauvin, Kim","contributorId":272554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birnie-Gauvin","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":959635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ormerod, Steve J.","contributorId":370078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormerod","given":"Steve","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17940,"text":"Cardiff University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Matuk, Fernanda Ayaviri","contributorId":370079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matuk","given":"Fernanda","middleInitial":"Ayaviri","affiliations":[{"id":87945,"text":"Federal Institute of Minas Gerais","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Raghavan, Rajeev","contributorId":250656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raghavan","given":"Rajeev","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50216,"text":"Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smol, John P.","contributorId":370080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smol","given":"John","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70275535,"text":"70275535 - 2026 - Comparative assessment of STIC sensors, streamflow and rain gauges for quantifying river connectivity in intermittent systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-04T16:56:07.20148","indexId":"70275535","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T09:50:08","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17103,"text":"Water Biology and Security","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative assessment of STIC sensors, streamflow and rain gauges for quantifying river connectivity in intermittent systems","docAbstract":"In intermittent stream systems, including those occurring in Texas, USA, the severity of low-flow conditions, duration of seasonal disconnection, and frequency of no-flow events have been amplified by drought. Documentation of these no-flow events is necessary to evaluate ecosystem health. However, many intermittent reaches remain un-gauged given that perennial river sec-tions are often prioritized for gauge placement. Our objectives were to 1) document stream flow using Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity (STIC) loggers to determine the frequency and duration of no-flow events in intermittent tributaries of the Colorado River, Texas and 2) compare logger data to publicly available data from streamflow discharge and precipitation gauge networks to understand differences among these data types for drying event characterization. We use these comparisons to summarize benefits and limitations of the application of in-stream data loggers. STIC loggers were deployed at 19 sites, one in each pool and riffle habitat of a stream reach. STIC loggers recorded a measurement of relative conductance every six hours from June 2022 to March 2024, which was used to determine the presence or absence of flow connectivity in a reach. No-flow duration among intermittent reaches varied between 37 and 270 days across tributaries during an ongoing drought in the study area. Overall, logger data was more precise than discharge data for characterizing no-flow events or precipitation data when documenting presence of water in the stream channel due to runoff. Lack of discharge gauges in intermittent tributaries left large sections of stream reaches undocumented and resulted in mischaracterization of flow patterns. Drought severity across the tributaries did not follow longitudinal patterns that would be expected by the climatic precipitation gradient of the study area. More research is needed to determine if factors such as population size affect severity. Likewise, precipitation data did not correlate well with logger water presence data, lacking consideration for groundwater recharge, soil hydrophobicity, and surface compaction. This study shows that to monitor no-flow events, detailed spatial datasets are necessary and that STIC loggers are useful tools that provide data to fill spatial information gaps and facilitate more accurate flow characterization and water presence data in intermittent systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2026.100626","usgsCitation":"Cooper, C.R., Rogosch, J.S., Smith, N.G., Robertson, C.R., and Wilson, W.M., 2026, Comparative assessment of STIC sensors, streamflow and rain gauges for quantifying river connectivity in intermittent systems: Water Biology and Security, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watbs.2026.100626.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170052","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watbs.2026.100626","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River tributaries","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.25288697239256,\n 32.83973386818306\n ],\n [\n -103.66787485319756,\n 31.396795472090005\n ],\n [\n -95.91239697047968,\n 27.731334360060373\n ],\n [\n -95.88841147436196,\n 29.31705583154367\n ],\n [\n -103.25288697239256,\n 32.83973386818306\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Cienna R.","contributorId":370959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Cienna","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogosch, Jane S. 0000-0002-1748-4991","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-4991","contributorId":317717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogosch","given":"Jane","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Nathan G.","contributorId":370961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Nathan","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":62404,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Clinton R.","contributorId":370963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Clinton","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":62404,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Wade M.","contributorId":370966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Wade","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":62404,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275256,"text":"70275256 - 2026 - Late Miocene Colorado River arrival in the Bidahochi basin supports spillover origin of Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-24T14:51:49.560386","indexId":"70275256","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T09:40:30","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Miocene Colorado River arrival in the Bidahochi basin supports spillover origin of Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"The timing and mechanism of the integration of the Colorado River and incision of the Grand Canyon remain among geology’s enduring controversies. A key question is the configuration of the upper Colorado River watershed between 11 and 6 million years ago. In this study, we present new evidence from zircon uranium-lead geochronology for the arrival of distinctive Colorado–Green River sediment in the Bidahochi basin by 6.6 million years ago derived from the Browns Park Formation. This is coeval with an order-of-magnitude increase in depositional rate, an increase in carbonate strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios, the appearance of large fish species characteristic of fast-flowing waters, and other sedimentological changes. This evidence is consistent with the Colorado River supplying water and sediment to the Bidahochi basin before spillover integration of the river through the Grand Canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.adz6826","usgsCitation":"He, J.J., Crow, R.S., Douglass, J.R., Holm-Denoma, C., Vazquez, J.A., Gootee, B.F., Lidzbarski, M.I., Pianowski, L., Gray, H., Heitmann, E., Pearthree, P., House, K., and Dulin, S., 2026, Late Miocene Colorado River arrival in the Bidahochi basin supports spillover origin of Grand Canyon: Science, v. 395, no. 6795, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz6826.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-179903","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bidahochi basin, Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.70057624481066,\n 38.08135787639878\n ],\n [\n -108.76357982385225,\n 38.08135787639878\n ],\n [\n -108.76357982385225,\n 32.1824028854472\n ],\n [\n -116.70057624481066,\n 32.1824028854472\n ],\n [\n -116.70057624481066,\n 38.08135787639878\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"395","issue":"6795","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, John J.Y.","contributorId":370412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"John","middleInitial":"J.Y.","affiliations":[{"id":27690,"text":"UCLA, Los Angeles, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, Ryan S. 0000-0002-2403-6361 rcrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-6361","contributorId":5792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Ryan","email":"rcrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglass, John R.","contributorId":271080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglass","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gootee, Brian F. 0000-0001-5251-9080 bgootee@email.arizona.edu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-9080","contributorId":201637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gootee","given":"Brian","email":"bgootee@email.arizona.edu","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34160,"text":"Arizona Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lidzbarski, Marsha I 0009-0001-1534-2930","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1534-2930","contributorId":370374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidzbarski","given":"Marsha","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pianowski, Laura 0000-0002-5346-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-8251","contributorId":218817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pianowski","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":960255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gray, Harrison J. 0000-0002-4555-7473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7473","contributorId":207019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Harrison J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Heitmann, Emma","contributorId":370376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heitmann","given":"Emma","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pearthree, Phil","contributorId":218167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39771,"text":"AZGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dulin, Shannon","contributorId":260688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dulin","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70275748,"text":"70275748 - 2026 - Logical data model for hydrographic data based on HY_Features concepts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-18T14:33:53.753123","indexId":"70275748","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T09:24:17","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24339,"text":"OCG Public Engineering Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"25-045","title":"Logical data model for hydrographic data based on HY_Features concepts","docAbstract":"This report describes background and design of the “hydrofabric data model” which defines logic for implementation of data schemas and software that deals with hydrologic geospatial data. As a “logical” data model, the hydrofabric data model specifies details necessary to support compatibility of data and software that satisfy diverse needs without unnecessarily restricting implementation details. The logic presented in this report is based on concepts defined in WaterML2 Part 3 Surface Hydrology Features Concepts and is designed to serve the needs of a range of hydroscience use cases.
Development of international community standards applicable to hydrofabrics began, prompted by the World Meteorological Organization Commission for Hydrology, in 2012 [5] . More than 10 years later, this report documents one aspect of a long-term research and development activity that traces its roots back that far.
This report describes terminology, use cases, and background as context preceding presentation of the logical model and discussion of its design. Three appendices document related data models, an example encoding of the hydrofabric data model, and an artificial schematic and tabular data example. The sections of the report can be accessed in the Clause 5 section.
","language":"English","publisher":"Open Geospatial Consortium","usgsCitation":"2026, Logical data model for hydrographic data based on HY_Features concepts: OCG Public Engineering Report 25-045, v, 76 p.","productDescription":"v, 76 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172082","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":504462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"http://www.opengis.net/doc/PER/hydrofabric"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961717,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70275149,"text":"70275149 - 2026 - Characterizing changes in postfire debris-flow hazard as burned areas recover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-02T15:36:59.528242","indexId":"70275149","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-16T08:18:14","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing changes in postfire debris-flow hazard as burned areas recover","docAbstract":"Emergency assessments of postfire debris-flow hazards that are performed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provide estimates of debris-flow likelihood and rainfall triggering conditions that are used for evaluating and managing runoff-generated debris-flow hazards in recently burned areas throughout the western United States. Although the immediate postfire period, within roughly one year after fire, is typically the most susceptible to runoff-generated debris flows, the hazard evolves in time and space as the burned area recovers. The recovery trajectory a given burned area will take depends on local climate and weather and can be difficult to predict. Some burned areas recover quickly, whereas others experience debris flows for multiple years after fire. As a result, extending our ability to update debris-flow likelihood estimates and rainfall thresholds based on observed recovery of the burned area would be beneficial. We present a method for multi-year runoff-generated debris-flow hazard assessment that leverages the USGS “M1” debris-flow likelihood model and integrates updated, satellite-derived, normalized burn ratio data to estimate vegetation recovery. We predict recovery-aware rainfall thresholds and validate them against a multi-year debris-flow hazard prediction and could be adapted for use with other debris-flow models that incorporate burn severity data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02936.1","usgsCitation":"Graber, A.P., Thomas, M.A., Kean, J.W., King, J., and Kostelnik, J., 2026, Characterizing changes in postfire debris-flow hazard as burned areas recover: Geosphere, v. 22, no. 3, p. 494-515, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02936.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-164736","costCenters":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":503429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02936.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Washington","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.36424169921565,\n 48.80629133966778\n ],\n [\n -125.66472868317365,\n 39.31207129554762\n ],\n [\n -120.57415228729428,\n 32.73149552158408\n ],\n [\n -102.99484796823218,\n 31.342076734545344\n ],\n [\n -103.00675719934162,\n 36.96546857037297\n ],\n [\n -102.11928173488546,\n 36.875567234398886\n ],\n [\n -102.08687031215692,\n 40.90392441449369\n ],\n [\n -117.07043377025515,\n 40.85240779137647\n ],\n [\n -116.74859098099466,\n 48.97374450456343\n ],\n [\n -125.36424169921565,\n 48.80629133966778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graber, Andrew Paul 0000-0003-4179-0291","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-0291","contributorId":304628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graber","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Matthew A. 0000-0002-9828-5539 matthewthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-5539","contributorId":200616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Matthew","email":"matthewthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, Jonathan Michael 0000-0003-0834-2200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-2200","contributorId":350805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Jonathan Michael","affiliations":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kostelnik, Jaime 0000-0002-1817-5461","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-5461","contributorId":300717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostelnik","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275100,"text":"sir20265140 - 2026 - Analyses of meteorological and hydrological records support Tribal members’ accounts of changing climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T17:40:45.285521","indexId":"sir20265140","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-15T15:25:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5140","displayTitle":"Analyses of Meteorological and Hydrological Records Support Tribal Members’ Accounts of Changing Climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, East–Central Arizona","title":"Analyses of meteorological and hydrological records support Tribal members’ accounts of changing climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona","docAbstract":"The Fort Apache Reservation in east–central Arizona, home to the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, contains several climate zones because of the large variation in surface elevation within the reservation. This study was carried out in cooperation with the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona, to raise awareness of how the changing climate affects the Fort Apache Reservation. This report documents the evaluation of existing multidecadal meteorological and hydrological datasets for the Fort Apache Reservation, used to evaluate the effects of a changing climate on the reservation. In this evaluation, near-surface air temperature, snow depth, snow water equivalent, precipitation, and streamflow datasets were analyzed for monotonic trends indicative of changing climatic conditions during specified periods of time. The results of these trend analyses were then compared with the Tribal community's memories of the changing climate.
Trend analysis of near-surface air temperatures from a U.S. Historical Climatological Network station on the Fort Apache Reservation at Whiteriver, Arizona, indicated that mean annual air temperatures have increased by an average of 2.48 degrees Fahrenheit from 1980 to 2023. Records from the same station also indicated that average monthly maximum temperatures recorded for March increased by 5.39 degrees Fahrenheit for the same time period.
Annual precipitation at the five precipitation stations used in this study decreased greatly from the 1980s to 2023. The largest total decrease was 10.07 inches, or 34.7 percent. However, only one of the two precipitation stations with longer term data available prior to 1980 had a significant negative trend when data from the entire period of record, from 1901 to 2023, were analyzed.
Trend analyses show a decrease in the annual maximum snow water equivalent and an earlier disappearance of the snowpack at two Natural Resources Conservation Service snow telemetry stations in the mountainous region just east of the Fort Apache Reservation from 1981 to 2023. Based on the trend analyses, the average annual maximum snow water equivalent has decreased by more than 40 percent at both stations, and the average date when the snowpack was fully melted at the stations in the spring has moved earlier in time from late April to early April or late March. However, a statistically significant trend was not determined for the early April snow water equivalent measured at a nearby Natural Resources Conservation Service snow course across its period of record, indicating that the history of mountain snowpack in this area is not fully understood. Analysis of snowfall data from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Observer Program network station on the Fort Apache Reservation at McNary 2N, AZ (station 025412) indicated that, on average, the measured total annual snowfall at the station decreased 42.4 percent from 1935 to 2023.
Streamflow data from six U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on the Fort Apache Reservation were analyzed for trends. For most streamflow gages, statistically significant trends were not determined for tested parameters when the entire streamflow period of record was used for stations with records going back to at least the 1960s. However, when the data from 1980 to 2023 was tested, most of the streamflow parameters had statistically significant negative trends. All six streamgages showed a decrease in average annual runoff of at least 50 percent from 1980 to 2023; one streamgage showed an 81.8 percent decrease.
A similar statistical finding was observed in the analysis of the annual spring snowmelt peak from one of the six streamgages used in the study and located in an area receiving measurable amounts of snowmelt runoff. When data from the entire period of record (1958–2023) was used, no trend in streamflow was determined; however, a significant negative trend was determined from 1980 to 2023, indicating a decrease in average annual springtime runoff of 62.6 percent. Statistical analysis on the timing of the annual spring snowmelt peak at the same streamgage indicated the snowmelt peak is happening on average about 12 days earlier now (2023) than it did in the past. The trend results for the timing of the annual spring snowmelt peak were the same and statistically significant for both periods tested (1958–2023 and 1980–2023). Two of the streamflow records from the Fort Apache Reservation were compared to the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index computed for Arizona Climate Division 4 (East Central) by the National Centers for Environmental Information. The comparison showed that the streamflow records generally tracked the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index.
In interviews, Tribal community members living on the Fort Apache Reservation described the changes in climate that they observed during their lifetimes. Common themes reported were that air temperatures have become warmer, and the weather is less predictable with changes in seasonal patterns. Drier conditions, lower snowfall, shorter winters, and lower river levels were also reported. These community member observations align with the results of this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2026, Analyses of meteorological and hydrological records support Tribal members’ accounts of changing climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5140, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265140.","productDescription":"Report: x, 58 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-180087","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503253,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119367.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502810,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P144FN7Q","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Historical Climatology Network version 2.5 dataset for station Whiteriver 1 SW, Arizona, from 1873 to 2024, used in Analysis of Meteorological and Hydrological Records Support Tribal Members’ Accounts of Changing Climate on the Fort Apache Reservation, east–central Arizona"},{"id":502808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/sir20265140.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 XML"},{"id":502807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265140/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 HTML"},{"id":502806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/sir20265140.pdf","size":"24.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5140 PDF"},{"id":502805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502809,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5140/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Fort Apache Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -109.45,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -109.45,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue, Suite 221
Tucson, AZ 85719
Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Arabia Plate cover about 140,000 square kilometers across a distance of about 3,000 kilometers from southern Yemen to southeastern Turkey. The majority of volcanic products are alkali basalts that erupted in restricted areas, commonly over periods of a million or more years, building mafic lava fields, each known in Arabic as a “harrat.” Harrat volcanism commenced following the Oligocene flood-lava effusions that blanketed the (now) Ethiopian highlands, southern Sudan, and western Yemen, and overlapped the latest Oligocene to early Miocene initial riftings of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, but the majority of harrat volcanism has been since approximately 13–10 million years ago. Persistent harrat magmatism in restricted locations led to the development of intermediate and evolved magmas (hawaiites, mugearites, benmoreites, trachytes, comendites, and phonolites) mainly through intracrustal crystallization-differentiation. Most of these intermediate and evolved magmas erupt at sites of the greatest aggregate volcanic relief, reflecting sites of the greatest overall magmatic fluxes. Production of fractionated magmas at these sites negates “monogenetic” as an appropriate descriptor of harrat volcanism. This chapter summarizes the geologic, eruptive, and tectonic history and aspects of the petrogenesis of the Cenozoic Arabian alkalic province. Particular emphasis is placed on results of a joint study of Ḩarrat Rahat adjacent to the city of Al Madīnah al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, published as U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1862 and Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2021–1. A goal of this chapter is to provide an introduction to those unfamiliar with this vast, enigmatic, and fascinating region of distributed continental volcanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1890J","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Calvert, A.T., 2026, Cenozoic distributed volcanism of the Arabia Plate—A review, chap. J of Poland, M.P., Ort, M.H., Stovall, W.K., Vaughan, R.G., Connor, C.B., and Rumpf, M.E., eds., Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1890, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1890J.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154541","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502814,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/pp1890J.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J XML"},{"id":502813,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1890J/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J HTML"},{"id":502812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/pp1890J.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-J PDF"},{"id":502811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502815,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/j/images"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"Arabia Plate","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 34.23089949847653,\n 30.787465564261467\n ],\n [\n 47.57613705837829,\n 30.787465564261467\n ],\n [\n 47.57613705837829,\n 17.596830955973672\n ],\n [\n 34.23089949847653,\n 17.596830955973672\n ],\n [\n 34.23089949847653,\n 30.787465564261467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court Bldg. 10
Vancouver, WA 98683
Unequal representation of focal research areas can arise during the initial stages of project development when investigators make decisions about what, when, and where to study. Regarding when research is conducted, publications on vertebrates are strongly skewed toward breeding-stage studies, leaving sizeable gaps in our knowledge pertaining to behavior and demography in nonbreeding stages. Here, we quantified how the focus on different annual cycle stages has changed over the past 64 years in the field of ornithology, and tested 3 hypotheses to explain underlying correlates of the focus on different stages. We surveyed field-based studies published in Ornithology from 1960 to 2024 and documented the annual cycle stages examined, regions of study, migratory strategies of focal species, and author affiliation for each paper. The tendency to conduct breeding-stage research in ornithology became more, rather than less, pronounced over the 64-year interval, and breeding-stage research was more common when field work focused on migratory species. Therefore, investigators, authors, and editors could likely increase representation of other annual-cycle stages by supporting, conducting, and publishing more studies in the tropics and more studies using remote tracking technologies. More nonbreeding and year-round studies are necessary to fully understand the ecology and evolution of species and develop the most effective strategies for conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukag011","usgsCitation":"Stewart, E.R., and Conway, C.J., 2026, Why are ornithological studies so focused on the breeding stage? A test of hypotheses: Ornithology, ukag011, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukag011.","productDescription":"ukag011, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144243","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukag011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Erin R.","contributorId":370971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Erin","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70273879,"text":"70273879 - 2026 - The global proliferation of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus: Taxonomy, distribution, toxin production, ecology, and future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-11T15:20:31.144819","indexId":"70273879","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-15T08:14:14","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global proliferation of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus: Taxonomy, distribution, toxin production, ecology, and future directions","docAbstract":"There have been sporadic reports of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus proliferations in freshwater rivers, lakes, and reservoirs for four decades, with reports increasing in frequency over the last twenty years, suggesting a possible rise in their global distribution, frequency, and intensity. Microcoleus can produce anatoxins which are neurotoxic, and ingestion of toxic mats has caused hundreds of dog fatalities and raised serious human and ecological health concerns. This review synthesizes and evaluates current knowledge on Microcoleus distribution, taxonomy, toxin production, toxicity, ecology, environmental drivers, and biotic interactions. Toxin-producing Microcoleus have been reported in at least 18 countries, though many regions have not conducted toxin testing, suggesting a broader but under-reported distribution. Proliferations occur across diverse habitats, including cobble-bedded streams, large sandy rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. Microcoleus proliferations also occur on macrophytes, both in lakes and rivers. Genomic analyses currently classify anatoxin-producing Microcoleus into distinct species, with all known anatoxin-producers isolated from freshwater ecosystems. Anatoxin concentrations vary widely over space and time, within and among waterbodies. While studies on environmental drivers remain limited, research in cobble-bedded rivers suggests that moderate enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and low dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations in the water column promote proliferation. Metagenomic approaches have revealed unique nutrient acquisition and storage strategies used by Microcoleus. Key knowledge gaps remain around the environmental and ecological triggers of proliferation, toxin production, genomic diversity and microbial interactions. Addressing these gaps through coordinated, global studies using robust datasets and consistent methods is critical to improve prediction, monitoring, and mitigation of this increasingly widespread public and ecological health threat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125441","usgsCitation":"Kelly, L.T., Beach, D.G., Blaszczak, J.R., Bouma-Gregson, K., Brown, S.M., Cheng, H., Davidson, J.L., Fastner, J., Francis, M., Garcia Jimenez, A., Genzoli, L., Goel, R., Gonzalez, D., Handley, K.M., Hilt, S., Humbert, J., Jamieson, R., Johnston, L., Junier, P., Lawrence, J., McCarron, P., Meissner, S., Mormando, J., Puddick, J., Quiblier, C., Rajpirathap, N., Schampera, C., Selwood, A., Shearer, K., Sohrab, A., Stancheva, R., Valadez-Cano, C., Zebrecky, J.M., and Wood, S.A., 2026, The global proliferation of aquatic, benthic Microcoleus: Taxonomy, distribution, toxin production, ecology, and future directions: Water Research, v. 294, 125441, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.125441.","productDescription":"125441, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183789","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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