Strong ground motion from intraslab earthquakes, which do not produce primary paleoseismic evidence, may initiate gravity-driven turbidity flows in subaqueous basins. The resulting deposits (turbidites) can provide a paleoseismic proxy if the conditions that initiate these flows are known. To better constrain the initiating conditions, we use two recent intraslab earthquakes in southcentral Alaska, the M w 7.1 30 November 2018 Anchorage earthquake and the M w 7.1 24 January 2016 Iniskin earthquake, as calibration events. Through a multilake investigation, we document the occurrence, or the absence, of earthquake-generated turbidity flows from these two events. Both earthquakes are recorded by centimeter-scale turbidites that can be differentiated from climatically generated deposits, as well as other seismic sources based on deposit thickness, sedimentological properties, and deposit age. We show that a Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of ∼V–V1/2 is the minimum shaking intensity required to generate localized sediment remobilization from deltaic slopes, and an MMI of ∼V1/2 is required to produce a deposit of sufficient thickness that a seismic origin can be confidently assigned. The documentation of seismically generated deposits in quick succession (∼2 years) with diagnostic features highlights the utility of using recent earthquakes as calibration events to investigate the subaqueous response to strong ground motion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781394195947.ch14","usgsCitation":"Singleton, D.M., Brothers, D., Haeussler, P., Witter, R., and Hill, J.C., 2025, Constraining the earthquake recording threshold of intraslab earthquakes with turbidites in southcentral Alaska’s lakes and fjords, chap. 14 of Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond, p. 389-418, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394195947.ch14.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"418","ipdsId":"IP-149309","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia A.","contributorId":89117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927366,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jadamec, M.","contributorId":83326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jadamec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927367,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":97458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Singleton, Drake Moore 0000-0001-5346-0623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-0623","contributorId":261207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"Drake","email":"","middleInitial":"Moore","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":210199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Jenna C. 0000-0002-7475-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-357X","contributorId":21987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Jenna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70264974,"text":"70264974 - 2025 - Tectonic tremor observations across Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T14:56:35.624651","indexId":"70264974","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-27T09:42:12","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"Tectonic tremor observations across Alaska","docAbstract":"Tectonic tremor is a semicontinuous, low-frequency seismic signal associated with stable fault motion at major plate boundaries worldwide. In subduction zones, tremor often coincides with geodetic transients that indicate discrete slow slip on the subducting plate interface. Because tremor epicenters offer better spatial and temporal resolution than geodetic inversions of slip, detecting tremor can provide important constraints on plate interface properties, coupling, and dynamics. But in Alaska, challenges abound. The geographic scale of the Alaska–Aleutian subduction zone, the limited land available for instruments in the Aleutian Islands, and the messy nature of the tremor signal itself inhibit efforts to uniformly catalog tremor. Here, I present an overview of such efforts and what can and cannot be inferred from where tremor has been observed. Reliable tremor observations are confined to south-central Alaska in conjunction with the subducting Yakutat microplate, and one section of the eastern Aleutian Islands near Unalaska, with scant evidence of tremor elsewhere. Unique fault interface conditions may explain why tremor is limited to these regions, but most null results are not robust, and the limited observations preclude any large-scale interpretations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781394195947.ch11","usgsCitation":"Wech, A., 2025, Tectonic tremor observations across Alaska, chap. 11 of Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond, p. 325-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394195947.ch11.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"334","ipdsId":"IP-152910","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Natalia A. 0000-0003-0589-1159","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-1159","contributorId":351514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932283,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jadamec, M.","contributorId":83326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jadamec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932284,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffery T. 0000-0003-0614-0306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-0306","contributorId":244609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932285,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Wech, Aaron 0000-0003-4983-1991","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-1991","contributorId":202561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wech","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70263473,"text":"70263473 - 2025 - Perspectives on transportable array Alaska background noise levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-12T15:21:12.762557","indexId":"70263473","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-27T09:14:46","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Perspectives on transportable array Alaska background noise levels","docAbstract":"Background seismic noise fundamentally sets a lower bound on our ability to record signals arising from earthquakes. The background noise spectrum at a station is a combination of cultural noise, ocean-generated microseism noise, intrinsic instrument self-noise, and the sensitivity of the instrument to nonseismic noise sources. The USArray-Transportable Array Alaska deployed 195 stations across Alaska and parts of Canada (Yukon, British Columbia, and Northwest Territories). These stations were all installed using similar techniques and made use of instruments with similar self-noise levels. As such, this network provides an opportunity to look at how geographic location influences seismic background. Using these broadband stations, we report background noise levels from 0.2 to 75 s period in six discrete bands. By constructing “noise maps,” we depict both spatial and temporal changes in the background noise field. Using these maps, combined with targeted analysis, we infer sources and contributing factors to noise levels in these different period bands. These include cultural noise, the formation of sea ice, seasonal changes in permafrost and wave activity in the Gulf of Alaska, and magnetic field variability. We use this study as an opportunity to review several previous studies examining seismic noise in Arctic regions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781394195947.ch2","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Aderhold, K., Anthony, R.E., Busby, R., Frassetto, A., Tanimoto, T., and Wilson, D.C., 2025, Perspectives on transportable array Alaska background noise levels, chap. 2 of Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond, p. 15-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394195947.ch2.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"44","ipdsId":"IP-151312","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia A.","contributorId":89117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927169,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jadamec, M.","contributorId":83326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jadamec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927170,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffery T. 0000-0003-0614-0306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-0306","contributorId":244609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927171,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aderhold, Kasey","contributorId":350834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aderhold","given":"Kasey","affiliations":[{"id":83843,"text":"Earthscope","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busby, Robert W.","contributorId":350835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Busby","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[{"id":83843,"text":"Earthscope","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frassetto, Andy","contributorId":350836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frassetto","given":"Andy","affiliations":[{"id":83843,"text":"Earthscope","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tanimoto, Toshiro","contributorId":350837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanimoto","given":"Toshiro","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70266211,"text":"70266211 - 2025 - Multiscale processes drive formation of logjam habitats and use by juvenile Chinook salmon across a boreal stream network in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-30T16:26:30.317802","indexId":"70266211","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-10T11:19:06","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale processes drive formation of logjam habitats and use by juvenile Chinook salmon across a boreal stream network in Alaska","docAbstract":"Boreal forest streams are characterized by large volumes of instream wood, yet the relationship between logjams and Pacific salmon productivity remains underqualified. We located logjams (n = 427) within the distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Chena River, Alaska (Yukon River tributary) and measured dimensions, classified formative process, and snorkel-sampled a subset (n = 189) of logjams to detect and count juvenile salmon relative to multiscale variables and a dam. Logjam size increased downstream, whereas logjam density and large wood recruits declined (upstream = 6 logjams/km, 33 recruits/km; downstream = 0.3 logjams/km, 6 recruits/km), particularly below a dam that reduced downstream wood transport and log-trapping locations (i.e., bars). Juvenile salmon occupied 68% of logjams; mid-network logjams had the highest densities (mean = 0.85 fish/m2). We modeled juvenile salmon counts with logjam-, stream reach-, and neighborhood-scale (> 1 km) predictors. Covariates that best predicted juvenile salmon densities included bankfull flow and stream power at reach scales in addition to growth potential, spawning habitat quality, and logjam area within 1 km of the focal logjam at neighborhood-scales. Multiscale perspectives that link landscape characteristics, wood dynamics, and instream modifications with juvenile salmon production will be important to facilitate conservation and management of boreal streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.4387","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, C.N., Falke, J.A., Fox, J., Henszey, R., and Lininger, K., 2025, Multiscale processes drive formation of logjam habitats and use by juvenile Chinook salmon across a boreal stream network in Alaska: River Research and Applications, v. 41, no. 3, p. 593-608, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4387.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"608","ipdsId":"IP-152306","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chena River watershed study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.67807493315854,\n 65.20202904924713\n ],\n [\n -148.24621186080563,\n 65.20202904924713\n ],\n [\n -148.24621186080563,\n 64.49202325327195\n ],\n [\n -144.67807493315854,\n 64.49202325327195\n ],\n [\n -144.67807493315854,\n 65.20202904924713\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, Charles N.","contributorId":317814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cathcart","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, Jimmy","contributorId":354009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Jimmy","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henszey, Robert","contributorId":354010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henszey","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lininger, Katherine","contributorId":354011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lininger","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70267308,"text":"70267308 - 2025 - Strontium isotopes reveal diverse life history variations, migration patterns, and habitat use for Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in Arctic, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T13:39:20.268062","indexId":"70267308","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopes reveal diverse life history variations, migration patterns, and habitat use for Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in Arctic, Alaska","docAbstract":"Conservation of Arctic fish species is challenging partly due to our limited ability to track fish through time and space, which constrains our understanding of life history diversity and lifelong habitat use. Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) is an important subsistence species for Alaska’s Arctic Indigenous communities, yet little is known about life history diversity, migration patterns, and freshwater habitat use. Using laser ablation Sr isotope otolith microchemistry, we analyzed Colville River Broad Whitefish 87Sr/86Sr chronologies (n = 61) to reconstruct movements and habitat use across the lives of individual fish. We found evidence of at least six life history types, including three anadromous types, one semi-anadromous type, and two nonanadromous types. Anadromous life history types comprised a large proportion of individuals sampled (collectively, 59%) and most of these (59%) migrated to sea between ages 0–2 and spent varying durations at sea. The semi-anadromous life history type comprised 28% of samples and entered marine habitat as larvae. Nonanadromous life history types comprised the remainder (collectively, 13%). Otolith 87Sr/86Sr data from juvenile and adult freshwater stages suggest that habitat use changed in association with age, seasons, and life history strategies. This information on Broad Whitefish life histories and habitat use across time and space will help managers and conservation planners better understand the risks of anthropogenic impacts and help conserve this vital subsistence resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0259921","usgsCitation":"Leppi, J., Rinella, D., Wipfli, M.S., Brown, R., Spaleta, K., and Whitman, M., 2025, Strontium isotopes reveal diverse life history variations, migration patterns, and habitat use for Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in Arctic, Alaska: PLoS ONE, v. 17, no. 5, e0259921, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259921.","productDescription":"e0259921, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130266","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259921","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Central Beaufort Sea region study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.4844861317618,\n 71.33547921153408\n ],\n [\n -165.4844861317618,\n 67.76058936865724\n ],\n [\n -141.04895393727227,\n 67.76058936865724\n ],\n [\n -141.04895393727227,\n 71.33547921153408\n ],\n [\n -165.4844861317618,\n 71.33547921153408\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leppi, Jason C.","contributorId":355578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leppi","given":"Jason C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Daniel J.","contributorId":355579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rinella","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":81169,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Field Conservation Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":937684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Randy J.","contributorId":355580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Randy J.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spaleta, Karen J.","contributorId":355581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spaleta","given":"Karen J.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":355582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew S.","affiliations":[{"id":84781,"text":"Arctic District Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":937687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70261890,"text":"sir20245126 - 2024 - Simulating present and future groundwater/surface-water interactions and stream temperatures in Beaver Creek, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T15:28:29.176134","indexId":"sir20245126","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-31T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-5126","displayTitle":"Simulating Present and Future Groundwater/Surface-Water Interactions and Stream Temperatures in Beaver Creek, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","title":"Simulating present and future groundwater/surface-water interactions and stream temperatures in Beaver Creek, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"In many places, coldwater ecosystems are facing increasing pressure from anthropogenic warming. This study examined stream temperatures and the water balance in the Beaver Creek watershed on the Kenai Peninsula in south-central Alaska—an area that is experiencing rapid warming. Low-gradient streams near the Kenai coast provide important spawning and rearing habitat for salmon but may be especially vulnerable to rising temperatures, because of long residence times, inflows from abundant riparian wetlands, and reliance on groundwater discharge that may also warm, or decrease in volume with rising evapotranspiration. In recent decades, observed maximum 7-day temperatures have consistently exceeded statistical (regression-based) projections. Here we simulate total streamflows and temperatures with a physics-based model that links the Soil Water Balance, MODFLOW 6 and SNTEMP simulation codes on a 7-day timestep. The model is based on existing data and groundwater levels, instream flows, and stream temperatures collected during 2019–23. Future climate scenarios were developed for 2023–50 from downscaled climate projections.
Results indicate that groundwater discharge is about 64 percent of the total streamflow during the months of May through September. Total streamflow and groundwater discharge are expected to remain similar to current conditions through 2050. Stream temperatures are expected to rise; by midcentury, near the Beaver Creek mouth the model predicts 34 to 63 additional days per year with average weekly temperatures above 13 degrees Celsius, 14 to 81 additional days with average weekly temperatures above 15 degrees Celsius, and routine exceedances of 20 degrees Celsius during the warmest periods. Projected stream temperatures vary spatially. Areas of high groundwater inflows in the lower main stem and some tributaries may be most resilient to warming air temperatures during dry conditions. During storm events, groundwater-dominated tributaries may have the coolest stream temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245126","usgsCitation":"Leaf, A.T., Haserodt, M.J., Meyer, B.E., Westenbroek, S.M., and Koch, J.C., 2024, Simulating present and future groundwater/surface-water interactions and stream temperatures in Beaver Creek, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5126, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245126.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 111 p.; 2 Data Releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-167012","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465606,"rank":7,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5126/sir20245126.XML"},{"id":465583,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14UAWGB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Surface water and groundwater hydrology and temperature, Beaver Creek, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, 2022–2023"},{"id":465585,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/access-national-hydrography-products","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":465584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.5066/P9K30VAP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Soil water balance, groundwater flow, and stream temperature models for Beaver Creek, Alaska, 2019 to 2050"},{"id":492014,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465607,"rank":8,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5126/images/"},{"id":465605,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245126/full"},{"id":465582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5126/sir20245126.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5126"},{"id":465581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5126/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Creek, Kenai Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.3330540056542,\n 60.957367731319806\n ],\n [\n -152.38912986860709,\n 59.25155522317334\n ],\n [\n -148.50867874659667,\n 59.25563148250791\n ],\n [\n -148.50867874659667,\n 60.95766646209441\n ],\n [\n -152.3330540056542,\n 60.957367731319806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Monitoring animal body condition can provide insight on population responses to environmental change. Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) are experiencing loss of their sea ice habitat which has decreased the time that females spend foraging during a critical period of pregnancy and lactation. Here we investigate the potential for body condition to track demographic change and be monitored via two-dimensional aerial imagery by (1) examining whether walrus somatic growth and body mass data tracked estimated historic demographic changes, (2) collecting morphometric and body mass data and aerial imagery of walruses in human care to determine if sex, age group, and body size and condition can be determined from imagery, and (3) examining aerial imagery from a large coastal haulout used primarily by females and young to estimate potential sample sizes of measurable walruses. Body mass and growth in body length decreased between the last 1970s and early 1980s concurrent with a period when the population apparently approached carrying capacity and subsequently declined. Measures from aerial imagery (1) accurately distinguished reproductive age females from subadults and adult males and (2) enabled body mass estimates with 6-7% error using either areal footprint or a combination of length and width. We found a mean of 216 ± 77 walruses appropriately positioned for measurement from aerial surveys of the haulout enabling measurements of ≥7000 individuals annually via repeated daily imagery. Our results suggest that body mass of reproductive age females and growth of dependent young may be useful indicators to augment monitoring of the Pacific walrus population and can be achieved via non-invasive aerial imagery collections.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps14738","usgsCitation":"Rode, K.D., Fischbach, A.S., Synnott, M., Stewart, J., Northcraft, N., Allen, E., Trotto, K., Vancsok, C., Issenjou, N., Ploof, S., Rager, S., DiRocco, S., Owens, S., and Prahl, A., 2024, Photogrammetry-based body condition for monitoring an Arctic marine mammal experiencing habitat loss: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 751, p. 211-227, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14738.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"227","ipdsId":"IP-167535","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466705,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14738","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 71.04269895606964\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 57.55259327741362\n ],\n [\n -162.40817411659705,\n 57.55259327741362\n ],\n [\n -162.40817411659705,\n 71.04269895606964\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 71.04269895606964\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"751","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science 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John","contributorId":347476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":83171,"text":"SeaWorld San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Northcraft, Nick","contributorId":347477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Northcraft","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83171,"text":"SeaWorld San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, Erika","contributorId":347478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83172,"text":"Indianapolis Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trotto, Kelly","contributorId":347479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trotto","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83173,"text":"SeaWorld Orlando","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vancsok, Catherine","contributorId":347480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vancsok","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83175,"text":"Pairi Daiza","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Issenjou, Nicolas","contributorId":347481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Issenjou","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83175,"text":"Pairi Daiza","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ploof, Sheriden","contributorId":347482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ploof","given":"Sheriden","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83177,"text":"Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rager, Stephanie","contributorId":347483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rager","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83177,"text":"Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DiRocco, Stacy","contributorId":347484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiRocco","given":"Stacy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83173,"text":"SeaWorld Orlando","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Owens, 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Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A benchmark for computational analysis of animal behavior, using animal-borne tags","docAbstract":"Animal-borne sensors (‘bio-loggers’) can record a suite of kinematic and environmental data, which are used to elucidate animal ecophysiology and improve conservation efforts. Machine learning techniques are used for interpreting the large amounts of data recorded by bio-loggers, but there exists no common framework for comparing the different machine learning techniques in this domain. This makes it difficult to, for example, identify patterns in what works well for machine learning-based analysis of bio-logger data. It also makes it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of novel methods developed by the machine learning community.
To address this, we present the Bio-logger Ethogram Benchmark (BEBE), a collection of datasets with behavioral annotations, as well as a modeling task and evaluation metrics. BEBE is to date the largest, most taxonomically diverse, publicly available benchmark of this type, and includes 1654 h of data collected from 149 individuals across nine taxa. Using BEBE, we compare the performance of deep and classical machine learning methods for identifying animal behaviors based on bio-logger data. As an example usage of BEBE, we test an approach based on self-supervised learning. To apply this approach to animal behavior classification, we adapt a deep neural network pre-trained with 700,000 h of data collected from human wrist-worn accelerometers.
We find that deep neural networks out-perform the classical machine learning methods we tested across all nine datasets in BEBE. We additionally find that the approach based on self-supervised learning out-performs the alternatives we tested, especially in settings when there is a low amount of training data available.
In light of these results, we are able to make concrete suggestions for designing studies that rely on machine learning to infer behavior from bio-logger data. Therefore, we expect that BEBE will be useful for making similar suggestions in the future, as additional hypotheses about machine learning techniques are tested. Datasets, models, and evaluation code are made publicly available at https://github.com/earthspecies/BEBE, to enable community use of BEBE.
","language":"English","publisher":"BMC","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00511-8","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, B., Cusimano, M., Baglione, V., Canestrari, D., Chevallier, D., DeSantis, D.L., Jeantet, L., Ladds, M., Maekawa, T., Vicente, M., Moreno-Gonzalez, V., Pagano, A.M., Trapote, E., Vainio, O., Vehkaoja, A., Yoda, K., Zacarian, K., and Friedlaender, A., 2024, A benchmark for computational analysis of animal behavior, using animal-borne tags: Movement Ecology, v. 12, 78, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-024-00511-8.","productDescription":"78, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152357","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-024-00511-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, Benjamin","contributorId":179259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cusimano, Maddie","contributorId":347362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cusimano","given":"Maddie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83145,"text":"Earth Species Project","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baglione, Vittorio","contributorId":347363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baglione","given":"Vittorio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83146,"text":"Universidad de León","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canestrari, Daniela","contributorId":347364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canestrari","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83146,"text":"Universidad de León","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chevallier, Damien","contributorId":347365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chevallier","given":"Damien","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49035,"text":"French National Centre for Scientific Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeSantis, Dominic L.","contributorId":347366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeSantis","given":"Dominic","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":83147,"text":"Georgia College and State 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vicente, Mata-Silva","contributorId":347370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vicente","given":"Mata-Silva","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37164,"text":"University of Texas, El Paso","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moreno-Gonzalez, Victor","contributorId":347371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moreno-Gonzalez","given":"Victor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83146,"text":"Universidad de León","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 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Antti","contributorId":347374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vehkaoja","given":"Antti","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83150,"text":"Tampere University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Yoda, Ken 0000-0002-8346-3291","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-3291","contributorId":317214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoda","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27745,"text":"Nagoya University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Zacarian, Katherine","contributorId":347375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacarian","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83145,"text":"Earth Species Project","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Friedlaender, Ari","contributorId":207721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedlaender","given":"Ari","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70261232,"text":"ofr20241071 - 2024 - Using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method to estimate thickness of the Barry Arm landslide, Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-22T20:41:07.836719","indexId":"ofr20241071","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-03T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-1071","displayTitle":"Using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Method to Estimate Thickness of the Barry Arm Landslide, Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method to estimate thickness of the Barry Arm landslide, Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Conducting detailed investigations of large landslides is difficult, especially in the subsurface, largely due to environmental factors such as steep slopes, difficult access, and numerous objective hazards. These factors have made it challenging to accurately estimate the depth to the failure surface of the Barry Arm landslide, a large (roughly 108 cubic meters), deep-seated bedrock landslide in Prince William Sound, Alaska, recognized in 2019. The landslide has exhibited accelerated movement in recent years and poses a potential tsunamigenic hazard if rapid failure occurs. Failure surface depth, equivalent to landslide thickness, is a necessary metric for landslide-volume calculations and associated tsunami wave models. In this report, we used seismic noise recorded by a seismometer located on the Barry Arm landslide in Alaska to calculate the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) to investigate the site fundamental frequency (f0) and depth of the failure surface. To ensure that observed peak frequencies in the spectral ratio were related to the underlying stratigraphy (and not caused by other noise sources like nearby glaciers, topographic resonance, weather, or human activities), we also calculated HVSRs using earthquake signals, HVSRs at other seismic stations within a 2.5-kilometer radius, and a standard spectral ratio between the landslide station and other sites. We observed multiple peaks in the landslide HVSR curves at 1.5 hertz (Hz), 4–5 Hz, and 7–11 Hz. The frequencies of these peaks were consistent at the landslide site through time and across methods and were dissimilar to those identified at other seismic stations in the area, making it unlikely the peaks were caused by local noise.
Directional HVSRs calculated at 15-degree intervals showed amplification of the higher frequency peaks in the direction parallel to slip, indicating two-dimensional site effects. We used the distinct frequency peaks in the seismic record to develop a 4-layer conceptual model of the landslide wherein the top of the deepest layer represents the primary failure surface, or the boundary between damaged (mobile) and undamaged material. We inverted Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves within this 4-layer configuration with constraints on S-wave velocity and layer thickness based on analogous material properties identified in the literature. This was necessary absent any site-specific subsurface S-wave velocity data. The best-fitting models indicate a mean slope-normal depth to the failure surface of 188 (±9) meters (m), with additional stratigraphic boundaries at 4 and 20 m below ground surface, potentially representing layered motion. These results agree with and improve upon ranges estimated by previous studies and can support future modeling and assessment efforts at Barry Arm.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241071","programNote":"Landslide Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Collins, A.L., Allstadt, K.E., and Staley, D.M., 2024, Using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method to estimate thickness of the Barry Arm landslide, Prince William Sound, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1071, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241071.","productDescription":"vii, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-164227","costCenters":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464747,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241071/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1043"},{"id":464705,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1071/ofr20241071.xml"},{"id":464704,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1071/images"},{"id":464670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1071/ofr20241071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1071"},{"id":464669,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":497896,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118058.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Barry Arm landslide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.08474908024374,\n 61.17012644718048\n ],\n [\n -148.15558320312988,\n 61.17012644718048\n ],\n [\n -148.1702846248608,\n 61.12691732704323\n ],\n [\n -148.11415192370606,\n 61.12498100886924\n ],\n [\n -148.08474908024374,\n 61.17012644718048\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 966
Denver, CO 80225
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were extirpated from much of their range in the North Pacific by the early 1900s but have made a remarkable recovery in Southeast Alaska. Sea otter populations have been particularly successful in Glacier Bay, Alaska, a protected tidewater glacier fjord with a diverse and productive nearshore habitat. Collection of sea otter foraging observations in Glacier Bay began in 1993, along with high-resolution aerial surveys that provide estimates of sea otter abundance and distribution. We integrated these two data sources to investigate how sea otter diet changed in space and time as sea otters established and spread across Glacier Bay. Specifically, we developed a multilevel Bayesian model to capture how sea otter diet at a location (the number, type, and size of prey collected) changed as a function of local cumulative otter abundance and the year in which the location was first occupied. This framework enabled us to estimate the sequence of sea otter prey selection and switching as prey populations responded to sea otter foraging pressure. We found that local sea otter diet changed substantially as the population established, shifting away from large urchins, crabs, and clams to Modiolus mussels and small urchins, and lastly to small clams and Mytilus mussels. We also found that sea otter diet at newly occupied sites changed as otters spread over the main channel and into the arms of Glacier Bay. Further, by 2019, sea otters across the bay were primarily foraging on small prey, regardless of the local occupancy history. The absence of a spatial gradient in the size of prey captured late in the study suggests that feedbacks between the top-down effects of sea otter foraging, sea otter dispersal processes, and local variation in habitat productivity may have homogenized the size structure of available prey across Glacier Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70084","usgsCitation":"Leach, C., Weitzman, B., Bodkin, J., Esler, D., Esslinger, G.G., Kloecker, K.A., Monson, D., Womble, J., and Hooten, M.B., 2024, The dynamics of sea otter prey selection under population growth and expansion: Ecosphere, v. 15, no. 12, e70084, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70084.","productDescription":"e70084, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160898","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.8,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -136.8,\n 58.4\n ],\n [\n -135.8,\n 58.4\n ],\n [\n -135.8,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -136.8,\n 59\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, Clint","contributorId":167886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leach","given":"Clint","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weitzman, Ben","contributorId":252838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weitzman","given":"Ben","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, Jim","contributorId":328539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodkin","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monson, Daniel 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":196670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Womble, Jamie N.","contributorId":267709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Womble","given":"Jamie N.","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin B. 0000-0002-1614-723X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":292295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70256980,"text":"70256980 - 2024 - Perspectives on equitable co-production workshop report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T16:29:57.847572","indexId":"70256980","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-01T11:19:47","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Perspectives on equitable co-production workshop report","docAbstract":"The co-production of knowledge is increasingly recognized as an approach to conducting research intended to achieve a societal impact. In this study, we used a broad definition of co-production, defining it as “a process that brings together diverse groups to iteratively create new knowledge and practices (1).” However, co-production has been defined and conceptualized in a variety of ways (2,3), across multiple domains, including public administration, conservation, health, education, and climate change. Theoretical definitions have been introduced by scholars like Jasanoff (4) and Ostrom (5), but definitions can also be grounded in practice (6). For example, unique definitions of co-production have been advanced for work with Arctic Indigenous Peoples (7), in the context of resource management (8), and for a specific program (9). Other similar processes of engagement, such as community-based participatory research (10), action research (11), civic science (12), community science (13), and post-normal science (14) may have overlap with the concept of co-production and have been used to describe similar processes of collaboration. These distinctions and varying definitions have been discussed extensively elsewhere (see Mach et al. 2020, Wyborn et al. 2019).
In the context of co-production, power plays a crucial role in shaping interactions and outcomes. Some scholars and practitioners explicitly consider power dynamics as a central element in their definitions of co-production, recognizing how power imbalances can affect participation, decision-making, and the distribution of benefits. Others, however, might not emphasize power as prominently, focusing more on the collaborative aspects without explicitly addressing the underlying power structures. This leads to divergent objectives and priorities among projects claiming to be co-produced (2,3, 6). Chambers and colleagues (2) discussed how co-production projects in the context of sustainability usually emphasize one or more of six different goals, including: researching solutions, empowering voices, brokering power, reframing power, navigating differences, and reframing agency.
Because power dynamics are inherent in co-production (15), equity dimensions should be considered in these definitions and conceptualizations. Yet, in the context of government or academically led climate change research and programs, equity is a relatively new focus, even among programs that have been engaging a co-production approach for decades (9). Alternatively, in some recent work the concept of equity in co-production is explicit, but it has only been considered in a limited context (7). Here, we present a discussion about co-production that is informed by research, practice, and community perspectives across partnerships from a range of regions and topics. We are specifically interested in how different actors in these projects think about equity and work towards more equitable approaches in the context of their co-production work.
This understanding is needed, as the federal government has increasingly focused on co-production approaches in the design of their programs and funding calls, and most recently the Biden administration has called on federal agencies to more intentionally center equity for underserved groups of people in their work (16). Furthermore, with the Biden administration’s focus on environmental and climate justice, the opportunity for researchers and their societal partners to engage in co-production is expanding. Numerous programs within federal agencies have embraced a co-production approach, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Adaptation Partnerships (CAP; formerly called the Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments or RISA program) (9,17), Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Adaptation Science Centers (CASCs)(18), and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Climate Hubs.
However, the actual implementation of co-production processes varies significantly (1,19), with multiple implications for the design of equitable partnerships. Researchers, their partners, and funders have frequently cited many tensions and challenges in the successful implementation of co-production, including higher resource demands and few systemic structures for support (20). Practically implementing co-production, especially with people who have been underrepresented in or historically excluded from research activities, must consider fairness and the accessibility of co-production processes. While co-production is often cited as important for environmental governance, issues like power and equity are infrequently addressed (15). To explore this topic, we identified and studied three projects that centered on equity in co-production from three federal climate programs (CASC, CAP, USDA Climate Hubs) in three different regions of the U.S. (Alaska, Northeast, Southeast). We aimed to identify consensus or divergence in perspectives related to equitable co-production processes to elevate effective practices and link co-production research and practice.
Findings from interviews and a survey (explained further in Akerlof et al., 2023) informed a twoday hybrid workshop involving participants from the three case studies, as well as individuals representing research, governmental, non-governmental, and community organizations across the United States. Participants also included scholars of co-production, program coordinators, and people who participated in co-production projects on behalf of their communities. Several boundary spanners, those practitioners who work at the intersection of the production and use of science (21,22), also attended the workshop. The goals of the workshop were to discuss and build on what was learned from the three case studies, discuss the three distinct perspectives on equitable co-production that emerged from the pre-workshop research, and draft a framework for equitable co-production processes. During the workshop, participants considered the three perspectives on equitable co-production, defining equitable co-production for each and discussing the practical implications of each, including barriers and priorities for overcoming them. We aimed to address the question: How can federal climate programs support equitable co-production processes?
","language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Science, Policy, and Outcomes","usgsCitation":"Timm, K., Akerlof, K., Bamzai-Dodson, A., Bogard, G., Chase, A., Cloyd, R., Garron, J., Gavazzi, M., Heath, E., Labriole, M., Madajewicz, M., Sheats, J.L., Simpson, C., Toohey, R.C., and Udu-gama, N., 2024, Perspectives on equitable co-production workshop report, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164008","costCenters":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cspo.org/report/equity_coproduction_workshop"},{"id":502241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Timm, Kristin","contributorId":139461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timm","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akerlof, K.","contributorId":341861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Akerlof","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bamzai-Dodson, Aparna 0000-0002-2444-9051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-9051","contributorId":247300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bamzai-Dodson","given":"Aparna","affiliations":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bogard, G.","contributorId":341863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogard","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chase, A.","contributorId":341865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chase","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cloyd, R.","contributorId":341868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cloyd","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garron, J.","contributorId":341870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garron","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gavazzi, M.","contributorId":341872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gavazzi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heath, E.","contributorId":341875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heath","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Labriole, M.","contributorId":369291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Labriole","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Madajewicz, M.","contributorId":341876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madajewicz","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sheats, J. 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As a result of the deployment of modern seismic instrumentation and growth of tools such as web-services, earthquake data from U.S. and international seismic networks are more accessible than ever. Our mission is to provide raw and processed strong-motion waveforms with PGA values greater than 0.1%g for M3.0 earthquakes and larger in California and M4.0 and larger within the conterminous US, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Alaska. Datasets of interest to the engineering and geophysics communities, such as event sequences in areas of induced seismicity and significant global events, are also processed and posted at the Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data (CESMD) at strongmotioncenter.org when available through collaboration with the international strong-motion data community. Here we outline (1) the NSMP’s current workflow to acquire, process, and distribute data at CESMD; (2) our new endeavours and collaborations focusing on comparison and integration of waveform processing software, development of techniques for metadata quality checks before and after earthquakes, and construction of a dynamic site characterization repository; and (3) our topics for possible collaboration topics across the global strong-motion community.","conferenceTitle":"18th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"June 30- July 5, 2024","conferenceLocation":"Milan, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Earthquake Engineering","usgsCitation":"Schleicher, L.S., Steidl, J.H., Thompson, E.M., Yong, A.K., Brody, J., Blair, J., Hearne, M., Aagaard, B.T., Hough, S.E., Shao, H., Huddleston, G., Heilpern, K., Marano, K., Ferragut, G., Worden, B., Wald, D.J., De Cristofaro, J., McClain, A.R., Dunham, B., Nget, D., Aragon, J., Gomez, J., Amador, V., Carrasco Rodriquez, V., Luna, E.E., Cembalski, D., Childs, D., Smith, J., Croker, D., and Gee, L., 2024, A journey to the center of the USGS National Strong-motion Project processing and beyond, 18th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Milan, Italy, June 30- July 5, 2024, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161746","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://proceedings-wcee.org/view.html?id=25558&conference=18WCEE"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleicher, Lisa Sue 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At the western end, the Kantishna Hills anticline hosts prominent microseismicity and surface deformation, interpreted as active folding of the Kantishna Hills anticline above a midcrustal detachment. We test for this detachment by using anisotropy-aware receiver functions to image fabric contrasts within the crust in context with seismicity. Seismic stations near the crest of the Kantishna Hills anticline and near its southern flank show a single strong contrast in dipping fabric at depths of 12–13 km near microseismicity clustering depths, consistent with a detachment plane beneath the fold. A minimum b -value at 10–13 km depth is consistent with seismicity on the detachment, compatible with the imaged anisotropic contrast, while off-fault seismicity is shallower and deeper with smaller magnitudes. South-dipping imbricate thrusts in schist characterize the northern Alaska Range foothills structure. This supports our interpretation of the observed anisotropy as reflecting SSW–SSE-dipping foliation above a detachment at ∼10–13 km depth that exploits existing crustal weaknesses along subtle fabric contrasts observed in the seismically quiescent region north of the actively deforming belt.
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We update the 2013 Alaska Quaternary fault and fold database to produce a simplified model of 105 fault sections and four fault zone polygons with basic geologic parameters including slip sense and rate. Significant updates include the following: (1) a slip rate of ∼53 mm/year on the Queen Charlotte Fault indicating it accommodates all of the plate boundary motion; (2) quantified slip rates on megathrust splay faults in the southern Prince William Sound region and near Kodiak Island; (3) improved details of structures in the Chugach-St. Elias orogen; (4) revision of the Castle Mountain Fault from right-lateral slip to a predominantly reverse fault; (5) improved Interior Alaska tectonic models that clarify relationships between the Denali, Totschunda, and thrust faults on both sides of the Alaska Range; (6) identified large earthquake sources in the eastern Brooks Range; and (7) omission of the Chatham Strait section of the Denali Fault. The fault model underscores that the collision of the Yakutat microplate is the dominant driver of active crustal faulting in most of Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/9781394195947.ch4","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P., Bender, A., Powers, P.M., Koehler, R.D., and Brothers, D., 2024, Updating the crustal fault model for the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model for Alaska, chap. 4 of Tectonics and seismic structure of Alaska and northwestern Canada: EarthScope and beyond, p. 85-127, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394195947.ch4.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-154998","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.2930153790011,\n 62.12227221887332\n ],\n [\n -157.2930153790011,\n 51.969062626141636\n ],\n [\n -131.04252619969355,\n 51.969062626141636\n ],\n [\n -131.04252619969355,\n 62.12227221887332\n ],\n [\n -157.2930153790011,\n 62.12227221887332\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia A. 0000-0003-0589-1159","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-1159","contributorId":351514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953793,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jadamec, M.","contributorId":83326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jadamec","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953794,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffery T. 0000-0003-0614-0306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-0306","contributorId":244609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953795,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, Adrian 0000-0001-7469-1957","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-1957","contributorId":219952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, Peter M. 0000-0003-2124-6184 pmpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6184","contributorId":176814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Peter","email":"pmpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koehler, Rich D.","contributorId":365135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koehler","given":"Rich","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":87051,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":210199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262019,"text":"70262019 - 2024 - The effects of spatio-temporal variation in marine resources on the occupancy dynamics of a terrestrial avian predator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T15:38:35.090413","indexId":"70262019","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-24T08:32:40","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of spatio-temporal variation in marine resources on the occupancy dynamics of a terrestrial avian predator","docAbstract":"Identifying how species respond to system drivers such as weather, climate, habitat, and resource availability is critical in understanding population change. In coastal areas, the transfer of nutrients across the marine and terrestrial interface increases complexity. Nesting populations of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) along the Pacific coast of North America, although terrestrial, are largely dependent on marine resources during the breeding season and therefore represent a good focal species for understanding linkages of nutrients between terrestrial and marine systems. Due to their location, coastal eagle populations are susceptible to a variety of climate-induced perturbations, from both land and sea. The northeast Pacific Marine Heatwave (PMH) of 2014-2016 had wide-ranging impacts on the marine ecosystem and provided an opportunity to explore how marine conditions can impact terrestrial wildlife populations. We used a spatially-explicit multi-state occupancy modeling framework to analyze >30yrs of bald eagle nest occupancy data collected in four large national parks along a coastal-interior gradient in Alaska, USA. We assessed occupancy state in relation to weather conditions, salmon abundance, access to alternate prey resources, and the PMH event to help elucidate the factors affecting bald eagle occupancy dynamics over time. We found that occupancy probability was higher in areas where prey resources were concentrated (e.g., near seabird colonies, where bears facilitate access to salmon carcasses). We also found that the probability of reproductive success was higher during warmer, drier springs with higher-than-average salmon abundance. After the onset of the marine heatwave, success declined in the areas most dependent on non-salmon marine resources. These findings confirm the importance of spring weather conditions and access to salmon resources during the critical chick-rearing period, but also reveal that marine heatwaves may have important secondary effects through a reduction in the overall quantity or quality of prey available to bald eagles. Given ongoing warming at high latitudes and the expectation that marine heatwaves will become more common, our findings are useful for understanding ongoing and future changes in the transfer of nutrients from marine to terrestrial ecosystems and how such changes may impact terrestrial species such as bald eagles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70078","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J., Coletti, H.A., Cutting, K., Wilson, T.L., Mangipane, B.A., Schultz, C., and Schertz, D., 2024, The effects of spatio-temporal variation in marine resources on the occupancy dynamics of a terrestrial avian predator: Ecosphere, v. 15, no. 11, e70078, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70078.","productDescription":"e70078, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160904","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.87303317749726,\n 58.10488388072105\n ],\n [\n -142.06303742386143,\n 59.18556482485508\n ],\n [\n -141.20302314317152,\n 60.18220860178873\n ],\n [\n -141.93448222543984,\n 61.62146548769948\n ],\n [\n -155.82554040260186,\n 60.581802907191815\n ],\n [\n -156.66072744660838,\n 59.58828360613053\n ],\n [\n -155.87303317749726,\n 58.10488388072105\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Joshua H.","contributorId":167772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Joshua H.","affiliations":[{"id":24828,"text":"Central Alaska Network, National Park Service, Fairbanks, Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coletti, Heather A.","contributorId":187561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coletti","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":922724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cutting, Kyle A.","contributorId":328692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cutting","given":"Kyle A.","affiliations":[{"id":78459,"text":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Red Rock Lakes NWR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Tammy L. 0000-0002-3672-8277","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-8277","contributorId":293684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mangipane, Buck A.","contributorId":288781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangipane","given":"Buck","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schultz, Carlene N.","contributorId":347883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Carlene N.","affiliations":[{"id":36976,"text":"U.S. National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schertz, Dylan T.","contributorId":347885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schertz","given":"Dylan T.","affiliations":[{"id":36976,"text":"U.S. National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70260965,"text":"70260965 - 2024 - Brittle regime slip partitioned damage and deformation mechanisms along the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern, Yukon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-18T15:26:34.743256","indexId":"70260965","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-18T08:26:23","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brittle regime slip partitioned damage and deformation mechanisms along the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern, Yukon","docAbstract":"Rare bedrock exposures of the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern Yukon allow for the measurement, sampling, and analyses of brittle regime fault slip data and deformation mechanisms to explore relations to far field, oblique plate motions. Host rock lithologies and associated slip surfaces show episodic damage zone‐related deformation and calcite ± hematite ± chlorite related hydrothermal fluid flow. This regional scale network of asymmetric fault damage is spatially and kinematically linked to a discrete and narrow fault core. Fault network observations, orientations, slip data, and strain inversions document a slip partitioned strike‐slip fault system with locally and mutually overprinting strike‐, oblique‐, and dip‐slip components. Microstructural analyses reveal crystal plastic and co‐seismic brittle deformation mechanisms active in a narrow range of upper crustal temperature, pressure, fluid, and chemical conditions. The net damage related slip is not exclusively formed by a single kinematic system, but rather a fully partitioned, time integrated system likely operative for much of the fault's brittle regime evolution temporally constrained by previously published thermochronometric data. Although the fault slip data was collected from outcrop‐scale exposures at sites tens of kilometers apart, results show remarkable correlation between fault kinematics and plate motions along the ∼580 km long eastern Denali fault segment. End member, subhorizontal, northeast directed reverse and north directed dextral strike slip fault strain axes closely reflect relative plate motion interactions over at least the last 30 m.y. and act as a proxy for far‐field stresses compatible with the kinematics of the damage zone network.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029506","usgsCitation":"Caine, J., Orlandini, O.F., Vollmer, F.W., and Lowers, H.A., 2024, Brittle regime slip partitioned damage and deformation mechanisms along the eastern Denali fault zone in southwestern, Yukon: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 129, no. 11, e2024JB029506, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029506.","productDescription":"e2024JB029506, 35 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149623","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jb029506","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia, southwest Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.0212169953091,\n 60.265114667913366\n ],\n [\n -161.0212169953091,\n 52.584549776442685\n ],\n [\n -131.33133076901765,\n 52.584549776442685\n ],\n [\n -131.33133076901765,\n 60.265114667913366\n ],\n [\n -161.0212169953091,\n 60.265114667913366\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":199295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan Saul","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":918724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlandini, Omero F. 0000-0002-9578-1203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-1203","contributorId":346333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orlandini","given":"Omero","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vollmer, Frederick W. 0000-0002-0385-8489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-8489","contributorId":271263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vollmer","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":56326,"text":"State University of New York at New Paltz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70260822,"text":"sir20245098 - 2024 - Water-quality comparisons in the Greater Mooses Tooth unit of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 2010 and 2023","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-22T21:27:01.378005","indexId":"sir20245098","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-12T13:16:24","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-5098","displayTitle":"Water-Quality Comparisons in the Greater Mooses Tooth Unit of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 2010 and 2023","title":"Water-quality comparisons in the Greater Mooses Tooth unit of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 2010 and 2023","docAbstract":"The United States has long held oil reserves in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR–A), but oil production did not begin until 2015. The waters of the NPR–A are generally considered “pristine,” but water quality has not been characterized temporally or spatially in a rigorous manner. In 2010 and 2023, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, collected water-quality samples from four small, beaded streams in the NPR–A, three of which currently (2024) have oil and gas infrastructure within their drainage. Samples collected preconstruction and postconstruction were analyzed and compared to determine concentration changes in nutrients, major ions, trace elements, and volatile organic compounds to evaluate the effectiveness of required operating procedures designed to minimize potential effects to water quality from oil and gas activities.
The four small streams in the Greater Mooses Tooth unit of the NPR–A had similar water-quality characteristics in the 2010 and 2023 samples. Most analytes were measured at low concentrations or below the reporting level for both samples. For analytes that were detected, variability between the two samples was generally low and mostly showed lower concentrations in the 2023 samples, possibly partially because of recent rainfall that led to streamflow being much higher at the time of the 2023 sample. Trichloromethane was present in the sample at one site in both years and at a second site in the 2023 sample. All three detections of trichloromethane were within the expected natural background range for the area. The few increases in analyte concentrations in the watersheds with oil and gas facilities were all within the range of predevelopment concentrations or background concentrations for the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Hall, B.M., 2024, Water-quality comparisons in the Greater Mooses Tooth unit of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 2010 and 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5098, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245098.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-162398","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497913,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117793.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463853,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245098/full"},{"id":463848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5098/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":463849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5098/sir20245098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024–5098"},{"id":463850,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5098/sir20245098.XML"},{"id":463851,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5098/images/"},{"id":463852,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Greater Mooses Tooth Unit of the National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.66,\n 70.5\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 70.5\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -150.66,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -150.66,\n 70.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
To observe real-time pier scour at three scour-critical sites in Idaho, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Idaho Transportation Department, installed and operated fixed real-time (15-minute interval) bed elevation scour sonar sensors at three bridge locations associated with U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations for water years 2020 through 2022. Daily mean and peak streamflow conditions during the 3-year study were at or below average except for the peak flow in 2022. Each of the three sites included in the study had a coarse bed with an armored channel. Observed pier scour at each of the three sites was less than 20 percent than the stated minimum depth to the pier pile tip. The below average daily mean and peak streamflow during the study period may have resulted in below average scour.
Observed pier scour data during spring runoff (water years 2020–22) were compared to both Coarse Bed and Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (HEC-18) general pier scour design equation estimates to better understand how the observed pier scour data compared to design pier scour equation estimates during the same observational periods. For the 3-year study period, the Coarse Bed design equation generally overpredicted scour by about 2.5 times less than the HEC-18 general pier scour equation. The risk associated with each design equation was summarized using a reliability index to describe how each prediction might be expected to reliably overestimate scour depth. Overall, the Coarse Bed design scour equation provided more reasonable scour depth estimates than the HEC-18 general pier scour equation but with more risk to underestimating scour depth. Because these data are limited (3 sites, 3 years, and during average streamflow conditions), further research is needed to compare observed scour data to estimates predicted by the Coarse Bed design equation and other design equations.
This study demonstrated that real-time pier scour monitoring is a useful method and countermeasure at critical bridge sites. A recently developed rapid deployment real-time pier scour monitoring method may be a useful method to consider for future studies. Real-time monitoring at scour critical sites may be a useful tool to confirm previous scour evaluation estimates where site inspection scour observations conflict with the scour evaluation estimates. Considering alternative scour monitoring and evaluation methods, including the rapid estimation method, and updating pier scour calculations using the most recent coarse-bed pier scour equation may offer a more cost-effective solution to identifying and updating scour critical coding for bridges in Idaho. For scour critical bridge sites, the real-time pier scour monitoring methods used for this study provided an effective real-time local pier scour monitoring countermeasure.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Transportation Department","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., and Schauer, P.V., 2024, Real-time pier scour monitoring and observations at three scour-critical sites in Idaho, water years 2020–22: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5095, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245095.","productDescription":"Report; vii, 23 p.p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128131","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497921,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117770.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5095/images"},{"id":463604,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90332LD","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydraulic assessment summary at selected real-time pier scour monitoring sites in Idaho, 2020–2022"},{"id":463603,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245095/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5095"},{"id":463602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5095/sir20245095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5095"},{"id":463601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5095/sir20245095.jpg"},{"id":463606,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5095/sir20245095.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River, Payette River, St. Joe River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.19181903119929,\n 47.27634704869766\n ],\n [\n -116.19181903119929,\n 47.2713170479783\n ],\n [\n -116.18399082696462,\n 47.2713170479783\n ],\n [\n -116.18399082696462,\n 47.27634704869766\n ],\n [\n -116.19181903119929,\n 47.27634704869766\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.98113730832642,\n 43.79475425455084\n ],\n [\n -116.98113730832642,\n 43.738517550064955\n ],\n [\n -116.90322501094207,\n 43.738517550064955\n ],\n [\n -116.90322501094207,\n 43.79475425455084\n ],\n [\n -116.98113730832642,\n 43.79475425455084\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.64141007600492,\n 43.905644822917225\n ],\n [\n -116.64141007600492,\n 43.88897692930604\n ],\n [\n -116.61377308255302,\n 43.88897692930604\n ],\n [\n -116.61377308255302,\n 43.905644822917225\n ],\n [\n -116.64141007600492,\n 43.905644822917225\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702-4250
Rocks dredged from water depths of 1,605, 2,500, 3,300, and 3,400 m in the Arctic Ocean included Paleozoic continental rocks pervasively mineralized during the Neogene by hydrothermal Fe and Mn oxides. Samples were recovered in three dredge hauls from the Chukchi Borderland and one from Mendeleev Ridge north of Alaska and eastern Siberia, respectively. Many of the rocks were so pervasively altered that the protolith could not be identified, while others had volcanic, plutonic, and metamorphic protoliths. The mineralized rocks were cemented and partly to wholly replaced by the hydrothermal oxides. The Amerasia Basin, where the Chukchi Borderland and Mendeleev Ridge occur, supports a series of faults and fractures that serve as major zones of crustal weakness. We propose that the stratabound hydrothermal deposits formed through the flux of hydrothermal fluids along Paleozoic and Mesozoic faults related to block faulting along a rifted margin during minor episodes of Neogene tectonism and were later exposed at the seafloor through slumping or other gravity processes. Tectonically driven hydrothermal circulation most likely facilitated the pervasive mineralization along fault surfaces via frictional heating, hydrofracturing brecciation, and low- to moderate temperature Fe- and Mn-rich hydrothermal fluids, which mineralized the crushed, altered, and brecciated rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023GC010996","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Mizell, K., and Gartman, A., 2024, Neogene hydrothermal Fe- and Mn-oxide mineralization of Paleozoic continental rocks, Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 25, no. 11, e2023GC010996, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GC010996.","productDescription":"e2023GC010996, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-167891","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gc010996","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amerasia basin, Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 74.5\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 85\n ],\n [\n -137.09374278427933,\n 80.73796302105899\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 73\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 72\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 85\n ],\n [\n 165,\n 85\n ],\n [\n 172,\n 74.5\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 74.5\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 85\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartman, Amy 0000-0001-9307-3062 agartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-3062","contributorId":177057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartman","given":"Amy","email":"agartman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70261286,"text":"70261286 - 2024 - GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-26T16:59:57.220714","indexId":"70261286","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-06T08:03:04","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence","docAbstract":"Recent advances in remote sensing have produced global glacier surface elevation change data. Parsing these elevation change signals into contributions from the climate (i.e. climatic mass balance) and glacier dynamics (i.e. flux divergence) is critical to enhance our process-based understanding of glacier change. In this study, we evaluate three approaches for direct, continuous measurements of the climatic mass balance, flux divergence, and elevation change at a site on Gulkana Glacier in Alaska using low-cost GNSS sensors, GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR), banded ablation stakes with time-lapse cameras, and combinations thereof. Cumulative climatic mass balance over the season was 4.85 m and the three approaches were within 0.08 m through early July before the snowpack melted, and within 0.28 m through mid-August. The flux divergence increased from 0.52 ± 0.03 cm d-1 before June 3 to roughly 0.73 cm d-1 after June 27. We demonstrate a single GNSS system fixed atop an ablation stake can measure contemporaneous climatic mass balance, flux divergence, and elevation change based on the antenna’s position and GNSS-IR techniques. The ability of these systems to measure glacier mass balance and flux divergence offers unique opportunities for year-round observations on mountain glaciers in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/jog.2024.54","usgsCitation":"Wells, A., Rounce, D.R., Sass, L., Florentine, C., Garbo, A., Baker, E., and McNeil, C., 2024, GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence: Journal of Glaciology, v. 70, e5, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.54.","productDescription":"e5, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164695","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.54","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulkana Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.68362267602475,\n 63.35411541798791\n ],\n [\n -145.68362267602475,\n 63.196253345505795\n ],\n [\n -145.0204214654105,\n 63.196253345505795\n ],\n [\n -145.0204214654105,\n 63.35411541798791\n ],\n [\n -145.68362267602475,\n 63.35411541798791\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Albin","contributorId":346929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Albin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12943,"text":"Carnegie Mellon University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounce, David R.","contributorId":290361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rounce","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sass, Louis C. 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":3555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis C.","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Florentine, Caitlyn 0000-0002-7028-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-0963","contributorId":205964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florentine","given":"Caitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garbo, Adam","contributorId":346930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garbo","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39169,"text":"University of Ottawa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baker, Emily 0000-0002-0938-3496 ehbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-3496","contributorId":200570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Emily","email":"ehbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNeil, Christopher J. 0000-0003-4170-0428 cmcneil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-0428","contributorId":5803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cmcneil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70266842,"text":"70266842 - 2024 - Juvenile coho salmon growth differences track biennial pink salmon spawning patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T15:33:11.662904","indexId":"70266842","displayToPublicDate":"2024-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile coho salmon growth differences track biennial pink salmon spawning patterns","docAbstract":"1. Spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provide marine-derived resources (MDR) to freshwater food webs in the form of eggs, flesh and maggots that consume salmon carcasses, all of which positively impact stream-dwelling fish growth. Pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) are widely distributed throughout coastal catchments along the North Pacific Ocean and display increased spawning abundances in odd years, owing to a fixed 2-year life history. While many studies have found that foraging and growth of stream-dwelling salmonids are improved by increased adult salmon spawning abundance, few studies have investigated the importance of alternating pink salmon spawning abundance between years.
2. Here, we examined how patterns of pink salmon spawning abundance impact the foraging and growth of juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch). First, we used bioenergetic simulations to generate a hypothesis that coho salmon growth would increase during odd relative to even years. We then collected empirical juvenile coho salmon diet and growth data from a Southeast Alaska catchment in 2021 (pink salmon spawning) and 2022 (no pink salmon spawning). Field data were compared against simulation predictions to understand impacts of biennial pink salmon spawning patterns on juvenile coho salmon growth.
3. Empirical growth data revealed similar patterns to bioenergetic simulations. Age-1 coho salmon grew 16.6 mm longer and 5.5 g heavier on average in 2021 compared to 2022. Age-0 coho salmon displayed minor growth differences between years.
4. These results support bioenergetic model predictions and suggest that patterns of pink salmon spawning abundance can impart interannual growth disparities to juvenile coho salmon. Moreover, we show that distinct spawning characteristics of Pacific salmon species are important when understanding patterns of MDR transfer and growth responses in stream fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.14328","usgsCitation":"Fitzgerald, K., Bellmore, J., Fellman, J., Cheng, M., Boyles-Muehleck, N., Delbecq, C., and Falke, J.A., 2024, Juvenile coho salmon growth differences track biennial pink salmon spawning patterns: Freshwater Biology, v. 69, no. 11, p. 1583-1595, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.14328.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1595","ipdsId":"IP-155328","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Juneau","otherGeospatial":"Tongass National Forest, upper Montana Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.02770952221633,\n 58.39172878863832\n ],\n [\n -134.02770952221633,\n 57.6331041033996\n ],\n [\n -133.0242790552512,\n 57.6331041033996\n ],\n [\n -133.0242790552512,\n 58.39172878863832\n ],\n [\n -134.02770952221633,\n 58.39172878863832\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzgerald, Kevin A.","contributorId":355111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Kevin A.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellmore, J. Ryan","contributorId":355112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellmore","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":40821,"text":"U. S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellman, Jason B.","contributorId":355113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellman","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[{"id":84706,"text":"University of Alaska Southeast, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, Matthew L.H.","contributorId":355115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Matthew L.H.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyles-Muehleck, Naomi","contributorId":355118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyles-Muehleck","given":"Naomi","affiliations":[{"id":16298,"text":"University of Alaska Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Delbecq, Claire E.","contributorId":355120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delbecq","given":"Claire E.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70259943,"text":"70259943 - 2024 - Planktonic to sessile: Drivers of spatial and temporal variability across barnacle life stages and indirect effects of the Pacific Marine Heatwave","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-28T11:44:59.422601","indexId":"70259943","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-24T06:41:41","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2430,"text":"Journal of Plankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planktonic to sessile: Drivers of spatial and temporal variability across barnacle life stages and indirect effects of the Pacific Marine Heatwave","docAbstract":"Barnacles are a foundation species in intertidal habitats. During the Pacific Marine Heatwave (PMH), intertidal barnacle cover increased in the northern Gulf of Alaska (GoA); however, the role of pelagic larval supply in this increase was unknown. Using long-term monitoring data on intertidal benthic (percent cover) and pelagic larval populations (nauplii and cyprid concentrations), we examined potential environmental drivers (temperature, chlorophyll-a, mixed layer depth) of larval concentration and whether including larval concentration at regional and annual scales improved intertidal barnacle percent cover models in two study regions in the GoA. In both regions, larval concentrations were slightly higher following the PMH. Percent cover models were improved by including cyprid concentrations (but not nauplii), and the effect strength varied by site and tidal elevation. This indicates that larval concentration contributes as a bottom–up driver of benthic barnacle abundance. There is little evidence of a direct effect of the PMH on either life stage. Instead, our results may illustrate the positive feedback between life stages, where higher adult benthic abundance increased larval concentrations, which then supplied more new recruits to the benthos. As heatwaves continue to occur, integrating various data types can provide insights into factors influencing both benthic and pelagic communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae059","usgsCitation":"Traiger, S.B., Bodkin, J., Campbell, R., Coletti, H., Esler, D., Holderied, K., Iken, K., Konar, B., McKinstry, C., Monson, D., Pretty, J., Renner, M., Robinson, B.H., Suryan, R.M., and Weitzman, B.P., 2024, Planktonic to sessile: Drivers of spatial and temporal variability across barnacle life stages and indirect effects of the Pacific Marine Heatwave: Journal of Plankton Research, fbae059, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae059.","productDescription":"fbae059, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158761","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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As an apex predator ranging over large, remote areas, changes in pathogens and parasites in polar bears are a useful indicator of changing transmission dynamics in Arctic ecosystems. We examined prevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to parasites and viral and bacterial pathogens in Chukchi Sea polar bears. Serum antibodies to six pathogens were detected and prevalence increased between 1987–1994 and 2008–2017 for five: Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Francisella tularensis, Brucella abortus/suis, and canine distemper virus. Although bears have increased summer land use, this behavior was not associated with increased exposure. Higher prevalence of F. tularensis, C. burnetii, and B. abortus/suis antibodies in females compared to males, however, could be associated with terrestrial denning. Exposure was related to diet for several pathogens indicating increased exposure in the food web. Elevated white blood cell counts suggest a possible immune response to some pathogens. Given that polar bears face multiple stressors in association with climate change and are a subsistence food, further work is warranted to screen for signs of disease.
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Abundant research has led to generalizable insights into the causes of such conflicts. For example, conflicts predictably occur when carnivores have access to human food resources, particularly when their natural foods are scarce. However, similar insights into the effectiveness of interventions aimed at coexistence remains comparatively scarce. We hypothesized that this disparity might be reflected in a bias toward research focused on causes of conflict rather than interventions to address it. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the content of studies on human–carnivore conflicts and coexistence in Canada and the United States from 2010 to 2021. We found that studies disproportionately focused on causes of conflict, with that discrepancy increasing through our study period. We also found a disproportionate focus on black bears and wolves and western jurisdictions, and a disproportionate use of observational (vs. experimental) approaches. Studies on conflict interventions were primarily directed at the carnivores themselves (e.g., lethal approaches) versus human elements (e.g., attractant management, policies), despite evidence that the latter are more effective. We expect that a shift in focus toward solutions-oriented research, integrating insights across geographies, taxa, social contexts, and disciplines, would facilitate effective interventions and foster coexistence, improving outcomes for people and carnivores alike.
Knowledge of snow and firn-density change is needed to use elevation-change measurements to estimate glacier mass change. Additionally, firn-density evolution on glaciers is closely connected to meltwater percolation, refreezing and runoff, which are key processes for glacier mass balance and hydrology. Since 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glacier Project has recovered firn cores from a site on Wolverine Glacier in Alaska's Kenai Mountains. We use annual horizons in repeat cores to track firn densification and meltwater retention over seasonal and interannual timescales, and we use density measurements to quantify how the firn air content (FAC) changes through time. The results suggest the firn is densifying due primarily to compaction rather than refreezing. Liquid-water retention in the firn is transient, likely due to gravity-fed drainage and irreducible-water-content decreases that accompany decreasing porosity. We show that the uncertainty (±60 kg m−3) in the commonly used volume-to-mass conversion factor of 850 kg m−3 is an underestimation when glacier-wide FAC variability exceeds 12% of the glacier-averaged height change. Our results demonstrate how direct measurements of firn properties on mountain glaciers can be used to better quantify the uncertainty in geodetic volume-to-mass conversions.