{"pageNumber":"800","pageRowStart":"19975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36999,"records":[{"id":9982,"text":"ofr83499 - 1983 - Geotechnical framework, Northeast Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr83499","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-499","title":"Geotechnical framework, Northeast Gulf of Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83499","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., and Schwab, W.C., 1983, Geotechnical framework, Northeast Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-499, 420 p. chief ill. , maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83499.","productDescription":"420 p. chief ill. , maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0499/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37782,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0499/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b2e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":160615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20273,"text":"ofr83543 - 1983 - Streamflow and water-quality data for lake and wetland inflows and outflows in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1981-82","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T21:05:53.890263","indexId":"ofr83543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-543","title":"Streamflow and water-quality data for lake and wetland inflows and outflows in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1981-82","docAbstract":"<p>A study of runoff to selected lakes was done in the Twin Cities metropolitan area from July 1981 to December 1982. The purpose of the study was to determine differences in nutrient-loading characteristics for lakes with and without wetlands and settling ponds. The study also quantified nutrient loading to lakes on a storm, seasonal, and annual basis, complementing an inlake water-quality study of these lakes done by the Metropolitan Council.</p>\n<p>Discharge and water-quality data were collected periodically during 1981 and continuously during 1982 at 22 sites located in seven lake watersheds Bryant Lake, Lake Elmo, Fish Lake, Lake George, Lake Riley, Spring Lake, and Square Lake. Basin characteristics and land use were determined for each watershed. Recording instruments provided continuous discharge records at 14 sites and continuous rainfall records at six sites. Automatic water-quality samplers were used at lake inlets. The automatic samplers collected samples at 1- to 2-hour intervals during storms. Lake-outlet samples were collected manually on a weekly basis during flow. Samples were analyzed for suspended solids and nutrients. Atmospheric-input data were collected at eight sites from September 23 to November 1, 1982. Discharge and water-quality data were used to calculate storm, seasonal, and annual loads of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen.</p>\n<p>All data collected during the study are documented in tables and graphs that contain (1) watershed characteristics and land use; (2) storm concentrations; (3) storm, seasonal, and annual loads; (4) storm hydrographs; (5) atmospheric-input concentrations and loads; (6) storm, seasonal, and annual precipitation totals; and (7) results of quality-assurance tests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr83543","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities","usgsCitation":"Nelson, L., and Brown, R.G., 1983, Streamflow and water-quality data for lake and wetland inflows and outflows in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1981-82: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-543, ix, 182 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83543.","productDescription":"ix, 182 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0543/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409821,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14097.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0543/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities metropolitan area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.60496854789335,\n              45.32564700821305\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.60496854789335,\n              44.46539742917852\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.93961890825824,\n              44.46539742917852\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.93961890825824,\n              45.32564700821305\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.60496854789335,\n              45.32564700821305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Luanne","contributorId":67909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Luanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8028,"text":"ofr83249 - 1983 - SIROTEM II IEEE 488-1978 interface and controlling software","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:06","indexId":"ofr83249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-249","title":"SIROTEM II IEEE 488-1978 interface and controlling software","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83249","usgsCitation":"Bradley, J., and Raab, P., 1983, SIROTEM II IEEE 488-1978 interface and controlling software: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-249, 17 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83249.","productDescription":"17 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0249/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35607,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ca4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Jerry","contributorId":69978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Jerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raab, Paul","contributorId":73201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raab","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9312,"text":"ofr8372 - 1983 - Quaternary stratigraphic sections with radiocarbon dates, Survey Pass Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:20","indexId":"ofr8372","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-72","title":"Quaternary stratigraphic sections with radiocarbon dates, Survey Pass Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8372","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., and Brubaker, L.B., 1983, Quaternary stratigraphic sections with radiocarbon dates, Survey Pass Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-72, 49 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8372.","productDescription":"49 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37031,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0072/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37032,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Thomas D.","contributorId":91474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brubaker, Linda B.","contributorId":77934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brubaker","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9140,"text":"ofr811019 - 1983 - Cost-effective streamgaging strategies for the Lower Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:12","indexId":"ofr811019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1019","title":"Cost-effective streamgaging strategies for the Lower Colorado River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811019","usgsCitation":"Gilroy, E.J., and Moss, M.E., 1983, Cost-effective streamgaging strategies for the Lower Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1019, 42 p., ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811019.","productDescription":"42 p., ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36769,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilroy, Edward J.","contributorId":50524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, Marshall E.","contributorId":6830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10674,"text":"ofr83801 - 1983 - Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of onshore China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:24","indexId":"ofr83801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-801","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of onshore China","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83801","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J.A., 1983, Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of onshore China: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-801, i, 24 p.  chiefly ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83801.","productDescription":"i, 24 p.  chiefly ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0801/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0801/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James A.","contributorId":106872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17347,"text":"ofr83902 - 1983 - Mineral deposit grade-tonnage models II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T18:05:22","indexId":"ofr83902","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-902","title":"Mineral deposit grade-tonnage models II","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83902","usgsCitation":"Mosier, D., 1983, Mineral deposit grade-tonnage models II: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-902, 103 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83902.","productDescription":"103 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0902/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46480,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0902/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6358c5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mosier, D.L.","contributorId":21965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11338,"text":"ofr821007 - 1983 - Low-flow characteristics of Indiana streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:25","indexId":"ofr821007","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-1007","title":"Low-flow characteristics of Indiana streams","docAbstract":"Knowledge of low-flow data for Indiana streams is essential to the planners and developers of water resources for municipal, industrial, and recreational uses in the State. Low-flow data for 219 continuous-record gaging stations through the 1978 water year and for some stations since then are presented in tables and curves. Flow-duration and low-flow-frequency data were estimated or determined for continuous-record stations having more than 10 years of record. In addition, low-flow-frequency data were estimated for 248 partial-record stations. Methods for estimating these data are included in the report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr821007","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.A., 1983, Low-flow characteristics of Indiana streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-1007, ix, 284 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr821007.","productDescription":"ix, 284 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/1007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39146,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/1007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, J. A.","contributorId":50158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48829,"text":"ofr83558 - 1983 - New Landsat products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:04","indexId":"ofr83558","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-558","title":"New Landsat products","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr83558","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1983, New Landsat products: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-558, 3 p. : maps ; 28 cm. in envelope 31 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83558.","productDescription":"3 p. : maps ; 28 cm. in envelope 31 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6978a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":238378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9549,"text":"ofr83271 - 1983 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9549,"text":"ofr83271 - 1983 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"ofr83271","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"wsp2248","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"wsp2248","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T02:11:45.24522","indexId":"ofr83271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-271","title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The potential for developing oil-shale resources in the southeastern </span><span>Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado has created the need for information on the </span><span>quantity and quality of water available in the area. This report describes </span><span>the availability and chemical quality of ground water, which might provide a </span><span>source or supplement of water supply for an oil-shale industry. </span></p><p><span>Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin occurs in three major aquifers. Alluvial aquifers of small areal extent are present in valley-fill deposits of six major drainages. Consolidated-rock aquifers include the bird's-nest aquifer in the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation, which is limited to the central part of the study area; and the Douglas Creek aquifer, which includes parts of the Douglas Creek Member of the Green River Formation and parts of the intertonguing Renegade Tongue of the Wasatch Formation; this aquifer underlies most of the study area. </span></p><p><span>The alluvial aquifers are recharged by infiltration of streamflow and leakage from consolidated-rock aquifers. Recharge is estimated to average about 32,000 acre-feet per year. Discharge from alluvial aquifers, primarily by evapotranspiration, also averages about 32,000 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in alluvial aquifers is about 200,000 acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are less than 1,000 gallons per minute. </span></p><p><span>Recharge to the bird's-nest aquifer, primarily from stream infiltration and downward leakage from the overlying Uinta Formation, is estimated to average 670 acre-feet per year. Discharge from the bird's-nest aquifer, which is primarily by seepage to Bitter Creek and the White River, is estimated to be 670 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in the bird's-nest aquifer is 1.9 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells in some areas may be as much as 5,000 gallons per minute. </span></p><p><span>A digital-computer model of the flow system was used to evaluate the effects of oil-shale development on the bird's-nest aquifer at the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. Results of model simulations indicate that during construction of a vertical access shaft, a pumping rate of about 900 gallons per minute would be required to dewater the aquifer. The model also indicates that the construction of a proposed reservoir on the White River may raise water levels in the bird's-nest aquifer near the reservoir site by as much as 45 feet. </span></p><p><span>The flow model was used to evaluate the potential ground-water supply available for oil-shale development in the vicinity of the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. The results of the simulation indicate that the bird's-nest aquifer could supply about 10,000 acre-feet of water per year at that site, for a period of 20 years. Drawdown after 20 years of pumping would exceed 250 feet near the simulated well field. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is estimated that the aquifer could simultaneously supply another 10,000 acre-feet of water per year in the northern part of the study area, but some interference between well fields could be expected. </span></p><p><span>The Douglas Creek aquifer is recharged by precipitation and stream infiltration at an average rate of about 20,000 acre-feet per year. Discharge is estimated to be about the same and is primarily through springs and diffuse seepage. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage is 16 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are estimated to be less than 500 gallons per minute.</span></p><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"16\" data-loaded=\"true\"><div class=\"textLayer\"><span>A model of the flow system in the Douglas Creek aquifer indicates that </span><span>the aquifer could supply about 700 acre-feet of water per year for oil-shale </span><span>development at Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub and at the TOSCO Corp. site. </span><span>After 20 years of pumping, water levels in production wells would be near the </span><span>base of the aquifer. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is </span><span>estimated that the aquifer could supply another 700 acre-feet of water per </span><span>year in the southern part of the modeled area, but some interference between </span><span>wells could be expected.</span></div><div class=\"textLayer\"><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></div></div><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"17\" data-loaded=\"true\"><div class=\"textLayer\"><span>Chemical quality of the ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin </span><span>varies considerably. Water from alluvial wells ranges from about 440 to </span><span>27,800 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water from two consolidated-</span><span>rock aquifers has dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 870 to 5,810 </span><span>milligrams per liter in the bird's-nest aquifer, and from 640 to 6,100 </span><span>milligrams per liter in the Douglas Creek aquifer. Water from alluvial wells </span><span>generally is a sodium sulfate type, whereas water in both the consolidated-</span><span>rock aquifers generally changes from a sodium sulfate type to a sodium </span><span>bicarbonate type. All ground water is very alkaline, and the alluvial </span><span>aquifers contain very hard water. None of the water is suitable for public </span><span>supply, but all the water could be used for industrial purposes such as </span><span>washing and cooling.</span></div><div class=\"textLayer\"><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></div></div><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"18\" data-loaded=\"true\"><div class=\"textLayer\"><span>Changes in chemical composition of the ground water can be attributed to </span><span>several physiochemical processes, including mineral precipitation and </span><span>dissolution, oxidation and reduction, mixing, ion exchange, and evaporative </span><span>concentration. Mass-transfer modeling of these processes shows how they can </span><span>account for the variability in the ground-water quality. The mass-transfer </span><span>model of the Bitter Creek alluvial aquifer shows that evaporative </span><span>concentration, combined with precipitation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and </span><span>release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere results in the documented changes </span><span>in pH and dissolved solids in the water. The water-quality changes in the </span><span>consolidated-rock aquifers are a result of precipitation of calcium carbonate </span><span>and perhaps dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) with the reduction of </span><span>sulfate by organic carbon, as well as ion exchange of magnesium for sodium. </span><span>These processes result in large values of pH and alkalinity in the water. </span></div></div><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"19\" data-loaded=\"true\"></div><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"20\" data-loaded=\"true\"><div class=\"textLayer\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr83271","usgsCitation":"Holmes, W.F., and Kimball, B.A., 1983, Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-271, Report: 138 p.; 1 Plate: 21.65 x 29.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83271.","productDescription":"Report: 138 p.; 1 Plate: 21.65 x 29.42 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384043,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0271/figure-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0271/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7880859375,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7880859375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d77f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10002,"text":"ofr83151 - 1983 - Preliminary report on geology, geochemical exploration, and biogeochemical exploration of the Red Mountain stockwork, Yellow Pine District, Valley County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr83151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-151","title":"Preliminary report on geology, geochemical exploration, and biogeochemical exploration of the Red Mountain stockwork, Yellow Pine District, Valley County, Idaho","docAbstract":"New exploration targets for gold, molybdenum, tungsten, and tin are indicated by the systematic distribution of metals in soil and plants of the Red Mountain stockwork and its environs. The stockwork is built of countless quartz veins and veinlets, extensively argillized and containing sparsely disseminated gold, pyrite, arsenoDyrite, Dyrrhotite, fluorite, and other minerals. The stockwork developed along the outer ring-fracture zone of the Eocene Quartz Creek cauldron where subsidence strain, unrelieved by radial faulting, produced internal deformation and intense small-scale fracturing in rocks of the Idaho batholith. The stockwork, cropping out as a fault-bounded polygon 2,700 ft long and 2,000 ft wide, contains (underlies?) a large, virtually barren quartz body 1,350 ft long and 350 ft wide. Deformed, shattered granite flanks and presumably underlies the stockwork, which may plunge southward beneath inclusion-bearing granodiorite and alaskite of the Idaho batholith suite. Narrow dikes of rhyolite and latite radiate from two centers within the quartz body. Many dikes and small bosses of rhyolite and latite intrude stockwork and granite. The radial habit of some dikes and the high frequency of small intrusives concentrated within the sericite and kaolinite alteration zones suggest that a Tertiary porphyry is concealed beneath the mountain. Clay-mineral alteration zones mapped in residual soil extend far outward from the stockwork. Valleys filled with Quaternary deposits bound the stockwork-granite complex on the east, north, and west, effectively concealing elements of a crudely elliptical substructure that differs from the fault-dissected, mappable part of the complex. \r\n\r\nMetal anomalies in soil of the 3,600-ft x 8,400-ft gridded area are mostly weak and small. In contrast, metal anomalies in plants are strong, large, and consistent with the inference of a concealed elliptical substructure that may be hoodlike and may contain more than one mineralized zone. Gold in ashed sapwood of douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) indicates a major gold anomaly, peak value 14.2 ppm Au, on inclusion-bearing granodiorite in an unprospected area south of the exposed stockwork. Locally, the gold anomaly is accompanied by a sizable tin anomaly, peak value 100 ppm Sn, in douglas-fir. Molybdenum in ashed leaves of beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax), peak value >500 ppm Mo, indicates extensive anomalies within a 2-milelong semi-elliptical belt of Mo values exceeding the 20 ppm median. Most of the belt is on valley fill, but the southern segment of it, near the major gold anomaly, is mainly on inclusion-bearing granodiorite. Here, where beargrass is sparse, the peak value of Mo in beargrass drops to 70 ppm. Where beargrass is absent, ashed leaves of sedge (Carex geyeri) have anomalous values of 100 ppm Mo. An additional target for molybdenum is indicated by molybdenite from the inaccessible Dart of the main adit. The molybdenite, seen only in dump specimens, is in weakly silicified granite that may underlie part of the stockwork. The source body of the molybdenite is blind, and no clue to it is given by samples of soil or plants. Just north of the major gold anomaly, 2 ppm values of W in beargrass coincide approximately with a tungsten anomaly in soil (peak value 22 ppm W) in an area of float containing disseminated scheelite in weakly silicified inclusion-bearing granodiorite. Other areas of 2 ppm W values in beargrass are nearly coextensive with the Moin-beargrass anomalies on Quaternary deposits of Quartz Creek valley. Some of the target areas for gold, molybdenum, tungsten, and tin have not been circumscribed by our sampling.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83151","usgsCitation":"Leonard, B.F., and Erdman, J.A., 1983, Preliminary report on geology, geochemical exploration, and biogeochemical exploration of the Red Mountain stockwork, Yellow Pine District, Valley County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-151, 52 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83151.","productDescription":"52 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37820,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, B. F.","contributorId":32911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"B.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdman, James A.","contributorId":37748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11273,"text":"ofr83667 - 1983 - Multics STATPAC user handbook; Part 1, a guide with examples for editing and correcting a STATPAC dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr83667","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-667","title":"Multics STATPAC user handbook; Part 1, a guide with examples for editing and correcting a STATPAC dataset","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83667","usgsCitation":"Speckman, W.S., 1983, Multics STATPAC user handbook; Part 1, a guide with examples for editing and correcting a STATPAC dataset: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-667, 66 p.  ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83667.","productDescription":"66 p.  ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0667/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39065,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0667/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b489d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Wendy S.","contributorId":63015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9389,"text":"ofr8357 - 1983 - Some preliminary findings of a reconnaissance geochemistry study, West Shasta District, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:17","indexId":"ofr8357","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-57","title":"Some preliminary findings of a reconnaissance geochemistry study, West Shasta District, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8357","usgsCitation":"Hassemer, J.R., 1983, Some preliminary findings of a reconnaissance geochemistry study, West Shasta District, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-57, 16 p. ill., chiefly maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8357.","productDescription":"16 p. ill., chiefly maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0057/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e8cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hassemer, Jerry R.","contributorId":79448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8768,"text":"ofr83471 - 1983 - Mineral resource potential of the Tatoosh Roadless Area, Lewis County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:17","indexId":"ofr83471","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-471","title":"Mineral resource potential of the Tatoosh Roadless Area, Lewis County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83471","usgsCitation":"Evarts, R.C., Church, S.E., and Mosier, E.L., 1983, Mineral resource potential of the Tatoosh Roadless Area, Lewis County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-471, 17 p. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83471.","productDescription":"17 p. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0471/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36336,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0471/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69bd77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":158296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosier, Elwin L.","contributorId":70374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"Elwin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":11126,"text":"ofr83458 - 1983 - Zeolites in Tertiary tuffs along the Little Humboldt River, Humboldt and Elko counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr83458","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-458","title":"Zeolites in Tertiary tuffs along the Little Humboldt River, Humboldt and Elko counties, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83458","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, R.A., and Gude, A.J., 1983, Zeolites in Tertiary tuffs along the Little Humboldt River, Humboldt and Elko counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-458, 12 p.  :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83458.","productDescription":"12 p.  :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0458/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0458/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, Richard A.","contributorId":41815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gude, Arthur J.","contributorId":26676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11274,"text":"ofr83737 - 1983 - Multics STATPAC user handbook; Part 2, a guide with examples to basic statistical programs and more advanced general operation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr83737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-737","title":"Multics STATPAC user handbook; Part 2, a guide with examples to basic statistical programs and more advanced general operation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83737","usgsCitation":"Speckman, W.S., 1983, Multics STATPAC user handbook; Part 2, a guide with examples to basic statistical programs and more advanced general operation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-737, 25 p.  ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83737.","productDescription":"25 p.  ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0737/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39066,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0737/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b489e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Wendy S.","contributorId":63015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9895,"text":"ofr83636 - 1983 - Principles for selecting earthquake motions in engineering design of large dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr83636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-636","title":"Principles for selecting earthquake motions in engineering design of large dams","docAbstract":"This report gives a synopsis of the various tools and techniques used in selecting earthquake ground motion parameters for large dams. It presents 18 charts giving newly developed relations for acceleration, velocity, and duration versus site earthquake intensity for near- and far-field hard and soft sites and earthquakes having magnitudes above and below 7. The material for this report is based on procedures developed at the Waterways Experiment Station. Although these procedures are suggested primarily for large dams, they may also be applicable for other facilities. \r\n\r\nBecause no standard procedure exists for selecting earthquake motions in engineering design of large dams, a number of precautions are presented to guide users. The selection of earthquake motions is dependent on which one of two types of engineering analyses are performed. A pseudostatic analysis uses a coefficient usually obtained from an appropriate contour map; whereas, a dynamic analysis uses either accelerograms assigned to a site or specified respunse spectra. Each type of analysis requires significantly different input motions. All selections of design motions must allow for the lack of representative strong motion records, especially near-field motions from earthquakes of magnitude 7 and greater, as well as an enormous spread in the available data. Limited data must be projected and its spread bracketed in order to fill in the gaps and to assure that there will be no surprises. Because each site may have differing special characteristics in its geology, seismic history, attenuation, recurrence, interpreted maximum events, etc., as integrated approach gives best results. Each part of the site investigation requires a number of decisions. In some cases, the decision to use a 'least ork' approach may be suitable, simply assuming the worst of several possibilities and testing for it. Because there are no standard procedures to follow, multiple approaches are useful. For example, peak motions at a site may be obtained from several methods that involve magnitude of earthquake, distance from source, and corresponding motions; or, alternately, peak motions may be assigned from other correlations based on earthquake intensity. Various interpretations exist to account for duration, recurrence, effects of site conditions, etc. Comparison of the various interpretations can be very useful. Probabilities can be assigned; however, they can present very serious problems unless appropriate care is taken when data are extrapolated beyond their data base. In making deterministic judgments, probabilistic data can provide useful guidance in estimating the uncertainties of the decision. \r\n\r\nThe selection of a design ground motion for large dams is based in the end on subjective judgments which should depend, to an important extent, on the consequences of failure. Usually, use of a design value of ground motion representing a mean plus one standard deviation of possible variation in the mean of the data puts one in a conservative position. If failure presents no hazard to life, lower values of design ground motion may be justified, providing there are cost benefits and the risk is acceptable to the owner. Where a large hazard to life exists (i.e., a dam above an urbanized area) one may wish to use values of design ground motion that approximate the very worst case. The selection of a design ground motion must be appropriate for its particular set of circumstances.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83636","usgsCitation":"Krinitzsky, E., and Marcuson, W.F., 1983, Principles for selecting earthquake motions in engineering design of large dams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-636, 54 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83636.","productDescription":"54 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0636/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0636/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krinitzsky, E.L.","contributorId":58269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krinitzsky","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcuson, William F.","contributorId":21547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcuson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9740,"text":"ofr83616 - 1983 - Aeromagnetic map of Yucca Mountain and surrounding regions, southwest Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:25","indexId":"ofr83616","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-616","title":"Aeromagnetic map of Yucca Mountain and surrounding regions, southwest Nevada","docAbstract":"Magnetic anomalies over Yucca Mountain and surrounding areas are largely caused by variations in magnetic properties and shapes, including structural offsets, of the extensive volcanic units that underlie the region. In a few places the anomalies are caused by intrusions. Correlation between magnetic properties measured from rock samples and those derived from rock unit-magnetic anomaly associations is excellent. Anomaly characteristics, extensive magnetic gradients, and marked changes in the regional magnetic field can be coupled with the magnetic properties of the rock units to delineate structural boundaries. Three major boundaries are indicated by contrasts in regional magnetic expressions. Less extensive but more clearly indicated boundaries in the immediate vicinity of Yucca Mountain are interpreted from a distinctive pairing of northerly-trending linear positive and negative anomalies which are caused by vertical displacement in generally gently dipping volcanic beds. The displacement between beds is located approximately along the border line between the linear anomaly pairs. One series of pairs of more northeasterly trend lies over the general location of a change from moderately thick to very thick volcanic units that was interpreted from gravity data. Several low amplitude but distinctively shaped anomalies in areas underlain primarily by sedimentary strata indicate the presence of intrusions and faults.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83616","usgsCitation":"Kane, M.F., and Bracken, R.E., 1983, Aeromagnetic map of Yucca Mountain and surrounding regions, southwest Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-616, i, 19 p. :maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:48000 (1 inch = 4000 feet), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83616.","productDescription":"i, 19 p. :maps ;28 cm.; 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:48000 (1 inch = 4000 feet)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110628,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75697.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"75697"},{"id":143105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0616/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37479,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0616/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37480,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0616/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6911ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Martin Francis","contributorId":87923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bracken, Robert E. 0000-0001-7759-2743 rbracken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-2743","contributorId":2640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracken","given":"Robert","email":"rbracken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9702,"text":"ofr83463 - 1983 - Description and history of mercury-tube tiltmeters used in the San Francisco Bay area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:21","indexId":"ofr83463","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-463","title":"Description and history of mercury-tube tiltmeters used in the San Francisco Bay area, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83463","usgsCitation":"Jones, A.C., 1983, Description and history of mercury-tube tiltmeters used in the San Francisco Bay area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-463, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83463.","productDescription":"16 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0463/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37416,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0463/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Alan C.","contributorId":94307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17804,"text":"ofr83906 - 1983 - Underwater gravity meter survey of San Francisco and San Pablo bays, California, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:16","indexId":"ofr83906","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-906","title":"Underwater gravity meter survey of San Francisco and San Pablo bays, California, 1982","docAbstract":"Seafloor gravity measurements were made at 281 bottom stations in San Francisco and San Pablo Bays, California, on a series of lines oriented approximately NNE.. Line spacing was approximately 2.8 km and stations along the lines mere spaced 0.5 to 1.5 km apart, between 0.5 and 1.5 km perpendicular to the axis. Sample Bouguer anomalies in the San Francisco Bay range from -15 to +15 mGals (?0.1 mgal), while anomalies in the San Pablo Bay are consistently negative, ranging from +4.0 to -40.0 mGal (?0.2 mGal).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83906","usgsCitation":"Childs, J.R., Beyer, L.A., McCulloch, D.S., McHendrie, G., and Steele, W., 1983, Underwater gravity meter survey of San Francisco and San Pablo bays, California, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-906, 28 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83906.","productDescription":"28 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0906/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0906/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, L. A.","contributorId":63403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McHendrie, G.A.","contributorId":40599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHendrie","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steele, W. C.","contributorId":34117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"W. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":12072,"text":"ofr83578 - 1983 - Geologic maps on Alaska published by the U.S. Geological Survey, post-1930: scales 1:20,000 to 1:63,360 (through October 1982)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T20:41:29.549343","indexId":"ofr83578","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-578","title":"Geologic maps on Alaska published by the U.S. Geological Survey, post-1930: scales 1:20,000 to 1:63,360 (through October 1982)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83578","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, B.A., 1983, Geologic maps on Alaska published by the U.S. Geological Survey, 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,{"id":12073,"text":"ofr83577 - 1983 - Geologic maps on Alaska published by the U.S. Geological Survey, post-1930: scales 1:96,000 to 1:250,000 (through October 1982)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T20:46:10.77101","indexId":"ofr83577","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-577","title":"Geologic maps on Alaska published by the U.S. Geological Survey, post-1930: scales 1:96,000 to 1:250,000 (through October 1982)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83577","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, B.A., 1983, Geologic maps on Alaska published by the U.S. Geological Survey, 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,{"id":8459,"text":"ofr83405 - 1983 - Major, minor, and trace elements in samples from the Wheeler Wilderness Study Area, Colorado, as determined by inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:05","indexId":"ofr83405","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-405","title":"Major, minor, and trace elements in samples from the Wheeler Wilderness Study Area, Colorado, as determined by inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83405","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Raymond, W.H., and Lichte, F., 1983, Major, minor, and trace elements in samples from the Wheeler Wilderness Study Area, Colorado, as determined by inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-405, 26 p.  ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83405.","productDescription":"26 p.  ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0405/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36028,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0405/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64981c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, William H.","contributorId":48555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":46247,"text":"ofr82116 - 1983 - Map showing ground-water conditions in the Tonto basin area, Gila County, Arizona; 1978-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-20T22:40:32.0983","indexId":"ofr82116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-116","title":"Map showing ground-water conditions in the Tonto basin area, Gila County, Arizona; 1978-79","docAbstract":"<p>The Tonto basin area includes about 955 mi<sup>2</sup> in central Arizona. The area is bounded on the north by the Mogollon Rim, on the east by the Sierra Ancha Mountains, on the west by the Mazatzal Mountains, and on the south by Theodore Roosevelt Lake. The area is drained by Tonto Creek, which flows north to south and discharges into Theodore Roosevelt Lake.&nbsp;</p><p>Because the Tonta basin area is entirely within the Tonto National Forest, only about 3 percent of the land is privately owned and, for the most part, wells inventoried were on private land. Only selected wells are shown on the map because of the high well density on the private land.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Denis, E., 1983, Map showing ground-water conditions in the Tonto basin area, Gila County, Arizona; 1978-79: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-116, 1 Plate: 31.41 x 36.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82116.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 31.41 x 36.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0116/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Gila County","otherGeospatial":"Tonto basin 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E.E.","contributorId":53756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denis","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9694,"text":"ofr83727 - 1983 - Assessment of gray whale feeding grounds and sea floor interaction in the northeastern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr83727","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-727","title":"Assessment of gray whale feeding grounds and sea floor interaction in the northeastern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"A dense ampeliscid amphipod community in Chirikov Basin and around St. Lawrence Island in the northeastern Bering Sea has been outlined by summarizing biological studies, analyzing bioturbation in sediment samples, and examining sea floor photos and videotapes. The amphipod population is associated with a homogeneous, relict fine-grained sand body 0.10-1.5 m thick that is deposited during the marine transgression over the Bering land bridge 8,000-10,000 yr B.P. Modern current and water mass movements and perhaps whale feeding activity prevent modern deposition in this area. \r\n\r\nThe distribution of the transgressive sand sheet, associated amphipod community and feeding gray whales mapped by aerial survey correlate closely with three types of sea-floor pits observed on high (500 kHz) and low (105 kHz) resolution side-scan sonar; they are attributed to gray whale feeding traces and their subsequent current scour modification. The fresh and modified feeding pits are present in 22,000 km2 of the basin and they cover a total of 2 to 18% of the sea floor in different areas of the feeding region. The smallest size class of pits approximates whale mouth gape size and is assumed to represent fresh whale feeding pits. Fresh feeding disturbance of the sea floor is estimated to average about 5.7% for a full feeding season. Combined with information that 34% of the measured benthic biomass is amphipod prey species, and calculating the number of gray whale feeding days in the Alaskan waters plus amount consumed per day, it can be estimated that Chirikov Basin, 2% of the feeding area, supplies a minimum of 5.3 to 7.1% of the gray whale's food resource in the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. If a maximum of 50% of the fresh feeding features are assumed to be missed because they parallel side-scan beam paths, then a maximum whale food resource of 14.2% is possible in northeastern Bering Sea. Because of side-scan techniques and possible higher amphipod biomass estimates, a reasonable minimum estimate of the total whale food resource in northeastern Bering Sea is 10%. \r\n\r\nThese data show that side-scan sonar is a powerful new technique for analyzing marine mammal benthic feeding grounds. Sonographs reveal that the gray whales profoundly disturb the substrate and initiate substantial further erosion by bottom currents, all of which enhances productivity of the prey species and results in a 'farming of the sea floor'. In turn, because of the high concentration of whale prey species in a prime feeding ground that is vulnerable to the development of petroleum and mining for sand, great care is required in the exploitation of these resources in the Chirikov Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83727","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., Johnson, K., and Barber, J., 1983, Assessment of gray whale feeding grounds and sea floor interaction in the northeastern Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-727, 112 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83727.","productDescription":"112 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0727/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0727/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.R.","contributorId":28599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, John H.","contributorId":90305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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