Refining best management practices (BMPs) for future highway construction depends on a comprehensive understanding of environmental impacts from current construction methods. Based on a before-after-control impact (BACI) experimental design, long-term stream monitoring (1997–2006) was conducted at upstream (as control, n = 3) and downstream (as impact, n = 6) sites in the Lost River watershed of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region, West Virginia. Monitoring data were analyzed to assess impacts of during and after highway construction on 15 water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate condition using the West Virginia stream condition index (WVSCI). Principal components analysis (PCA) identified regional primary water quality variances, and paired t tests and time series analysis detected seven highway construction-impacted water quality parameters which were mainly associated with the second principal component. In particular, impacts on turbidity, total suspended solids, and total iron during construction, impacts on chloride and sulfate during and after construction, and impacts on acidity and nitrate after construction were observed at the downstream sites. The construction had statistically significant impacts on macroinvertebrate index scores (i.e., WVSCI) after construction, but did not change the overall good biological condition. Implementing BMPs that address those construction-impacted water quality parameters can be an effective mitigation strategy for future highway construction in this highlands region.
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These assessments are often based on catch-at-age data sets generated over many years, but estimates of instantaneous fishing mortality (F) can also be obtained from a shorter-term tag return study. We conducted a 2-year tag return experiment to generate direct estimates of F for southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma in a North Carolina estuary. The southern flounder supports lucrative commercial and recreational fisheries within the state and has experienced heavy fishing pressure for more than a decade. During 2005 and 2006, fish were captured and tagged with the assistance of commercial harvesters in the New River estuary. Tag returns were used to generate monthly estimates of F, which demonstrated a clear seasonal pattern that was consistent between years. Several important assumptions of the tag return model were accounted for through the use of double-tagged individuals, the distribution of both high- and standard-reward tags, and the completion of an independent controlled experiment to evaluate mortality related to tagging. Annual estimates of F exceeded the short-term management target in both years. Residual patterns suggest that the estimates may actually have been biased low, possibly due to delayed mixing of tagged fish. Thus, despite recently amended fishery regulations, F in the North Carolina southern flounder gill-net fishery still has the potential to greatly exceed targeted levels, which may delay stock recovery. Tag return studies can provide reliable (and nearly real-time) information about F and natural mortality as long as the experimental design addresses specific assumptions related to tagging-induced mortality, tag shedding, and nonreporting of tags.
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Therefore, the accurate identification for all marine species has assumed a much greater importance. The identification of many skate species is difficult as several are easily confused and has been found to be problematic in both survey data and fisheries data collection. Identification guides, in combination with training and periodic validation of taxonomic information, improve our accuracy in monitoring data required for ecosystem-based management and monitoring of populations. This guide offers a comparative synthesis of skate species known to occur in Atlantic Canada and adjacent regions. The taxonomic nomenclature and descriptions of key morphological features are based on the most up-to-date understanding of diversity among these species. Although this information will aid the user in accurate identification, some features vary geographically (such as colour) and others with life stage (most notably the proportion of tail length to body length; the presence of spines either sharper in juveniles or in some cases not yet present; and also increases in the number of tooth rows as species grow into maturity). Additional information on juvenile features are needed to facilitate problematic identifications (e.g. L. erinacea vs. L. ocellata). Information on size at maturity is still required for many of these species throughout their geographic distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., MacWhirter, P.D., Luke, K., Norem, A., Miller, J., Cooper, J., and Harris, L., 2009, Identification guide to skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and adjacent regions, viii, 34 p.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe0e4b010e2af2a5ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacWhirter, P. D.","contributorId":156252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacWhirter","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luke, K.E.","contributorId":106347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luke","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norem, A.D.","contributorId":20576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norem","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, J.M.","contributorId":88219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, J.A.","contributorId":57005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, L.E.","contributorId":70476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70161736,"text":"70161736 - 2009 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T09:57:57","indexId":"70161736","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5651,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) has conducted lake-wide surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973 using standard 12-m bottom trawls towed along contour at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index transects. The resulting data on relative abundance, size structure, and condition of individual fishes are used to estimate various population parameters that are in turn used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. All seven established index transects of the survey were completed in 2008. The survey provides relative abundance and biomass estimates between the 5-m and 114-m depth contours of the lake (herein, lake-wide) for prey fish populations, as well as burbot, yellow perch, and the introduced dreissenid mussels. Lake-wide biomass of alewives in 2008 was estimated at 8.27 kilotonnes (kt) (1 kt = 1000 metric tons), which was the smallest biomass estimate in the entire time series and 29% lower than the 2007 estimate. Lake-wide biomass of bloater in 2008 was estimated at 3.33 kt, which was the lowest estimate since 1977 and 38% lower than the 2007 estimate. Rainbow smelt lake-wide biomass equaled 0.89 kt, which was only 0.01 kt higher than 2007, which is the lowest estimate in the time series. Deepwater sculpin lake-wide biomass equaled 5.23 kt, which is the fourth straight year of declining biomass. The 2008 estimate is the second smallest in the time series, and 39% lower than the 2007 estimate. Slimy sculpin lake-wide biomass remained relatively high in 2008 (2.75 kt), increasing 25% over 2007. Ninespine stickleback lake-wide biomass equaled only 0.50 kt in 2008, which was 79% lower than the 2007 estimate. The final prey fish, exotic round goby, increased two orders of magnitude between 2007 and 2008, from 0.02 to 4.65 kt. Round gobies now represent 18% of the prey fish biomass. Burbot lake-wide biomass (0.91 kt in 2008) has remained fairly constant since 2002. Numeric density of age-0 yellow perch (i.e., < 100 mm) equaled 0.7 fish per ha, which is indicative of a relatively poor year-class. Lake-wide biomass of dreissenid mussels dropped precipitously in 2008, down to 9.47 kt, and a 96% decline from the 2007 biomass estimate. Overall, the total lake-wide prey fish biomass estimate (sum of alewife, bloater, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, round goby, and ninespine stickleback) in 2008 was 25.62 kt, which was the lowest observed since the survey began in 1973.","conferenceTitle":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Lake Michigan Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Ypsilanti, MI","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., Holuszko, J.D., Desorcie, T.J., and Adams, J.V., 2009, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2008: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012350","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313817,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/1692671905"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fdbd1be4b0074928294491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":587592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holuszko, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":104429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668 tdesorcie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":3672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"tdesorcie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70138826,"text":"70138826 - 2009 - Estuarine Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Western Alaska: a Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T10:10:01","indexId":"70138826","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estuarine Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Western Alaska: a Review","docAbstract":"In the late 1990s and early 2000s, large declines in numbers of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha returning to the Arctic-YukonKuskokwim (AYK) region (Alaska, USA) illuminated the need for an improved understanding of the variables controlling salmon abundance at all life stages. In addressing questions about salmon abundance, large gaps in our knowledge of basic salmon life history and the critical early marine life stage were revealed. In this paper, results from studies conducted on the estuarine ecology of juvenile salmon in western Alaska are summarized and compared, emphasizing timing and distribution during outmigration, environmental conditions, age and growth, feeding, and energy content of salmon smolts. In western Alaska, water temperature dramatically changes with season, ranging from 0°C after ice melt in late spring/early summer to 19°C in July. Juvenile salmon were found in AYK estuaries from early May until August or September, but to date no information is available on their residence duration or survival probability. Chum salmon were the most abundant juvenile salmon reported, ranging in percent catch from <0.1% to 4.7% and most research effort has focused on this species. Abundances of Chinook salmon, sockeye salmon O. nerka, and pink salmon O. gorbuscha varied among estuaries, while coho salmon O. kisutch juveniles were consistently rare, never amounting to more than 0.8% of the catch. Dietary composition of juvenile salmon was highly variable and a shift was commonly reported from epibenthic and neustonic prey in lower salinity water to pelagic prey in higher salinity water. Gaps in the knowledge of AYK salmon estuarine ecology are still evident. For example, data on outmigration patterns and residence timing and duration, rearing conditions and their effect on diet, growth, and survival are often completely lacking or available only for few selected years and sites. Filling gaps in knowledge concerning salmon use and survival in estuarine and near-shore habitats within the AYK region will aid in assessing the relative roles of all habitats (freshwater to marine) in controlling salmon abundance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., and Hillgruber, N., 2009, Estuarine Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Western Alaska: a Review, chap. of American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 70, p. 183-199.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013915","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.3564453125,\n 63.64625919492172\n ],\n [\n -158.48876953125,\n 63.03503931552975\n ],\n [\n -159.10400390625,\n 61.68987220045999\n ],\n [\n -163.4326171875,\n 61.33353967329142\n ],\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 62.24746627771428\n ],\n [\n -164.61914062499997,\n 63.11463763252091\n ],\n [\n -162.22412109375,\n 62.380184590390975\n ],\n [\n -160.48828125,\n 63.12457211930414\n ],\n [\n -160.55419921875,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -160.3564453125,\n 63.64625919492172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.8173828125,\n 60.141504734793386\n ],\n [\n -162.35595703125,\n 60.98376689595989\n ],\n [\n -160.59814453125,\n 61.39671887310411\n ],\n [\n -159.3896484375,\n 61.51221638411366\n ],\n [\n -160.13671875,\n 60.919754532399686\n ],\n [\n -162.22412109375,\n 60.141504734793386\n ],\n [\n -162.8173828125,\n 60.141504734793386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.66357421875,\n 67.0074280854991\n ],\n [\n -163.19091796875,\n 67.35678538806071\n ],\n [\n -163.2568359375,\n 67.6844292462593\n ],\n [\n -163.01513671875,\n 67.92514047803861\n ],\n [\n -161.91650390625,\n 68.03224308465373\n ],\n [\n -161.82861328124997,\n 67.8424164732793\n ],\n [\n -162.509765625,\n 67.56733419404279\n ],\n [\n -162.66357421875,\n 67.22955876681458\n ],\n [\n -162.22412109375,\n 66.96447630005638\n ],\n [\n -162.66357421875,\n 67.0074280854991\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fade4b06217fc479217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillgruber, Nicola","contributorId":138856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hillgruber","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159575,"text":"70159575 - 2009 - Audiomagnetotelluric investigation of Snake Valley, eastern Nevada and western Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T10:03:22","indexId":"70159575","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5014,"text":"Geology and Geologic Resources and Issues of Western Utah","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Audiomagnetotelluric investigation of Snake Valley, eastern Nevada and western Utah","docAbstract":"Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data along four profiles in western Snake Valley and the corresponding two-dimensional (2-D) inverse models reveal subsurface structures that may be significant to ground-water investigations in the area. The AMT method is a valuable tool for estimating the electrical resistivity of the earth over depth ranges from a few meters to less than one kilometer. The method has the potential to identify faults and stratigraphy within basins of eastern Nevada, thereby helping define the hydrogeologic framework of the region.
\nAs support for an exploratory well-drilling and hydraulic-testing program, AMT data were collected using a Geometrics Stratagem EH4 system along four profiles that extend roughly east-west from the southern Snake Range into Snake Valley. The profiles range from 3 to 5 kilometers in length, and station spacing was 200 to 400 meters. Two-dimensional inverse models were computed using the data from the transverse-electric (TE), transverse-magnetic (TM), and combined (TE+TM) mode using a conjugate gradient, finite-difference method. Interpretation of the 2-D AMT models defines several faults, some of which may influence ground-water flow in the basins, as well as identify underlying Paleozoic carbonate and clastic rocks and the thickness of basin-fill sediments. These AMT data and models, coupled with the geologic mapping and other surface geophysical methods, form the basis for identifying potential well sites and defining the subsurface structures and stratigraphy within Snake Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., Pari, K., and Baird, F., 2009, Audiomagnetotelluric investigation of Snake Valley, eastern Nevada and western Utah: Geology and Geologic Resources and Issues of Western Utah, p. 287-298.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"298","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013054","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/uga/data/081/081001/287_ugs810287.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Snake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.20631408691406,\n 38.678541582058195\n ],\n [\n -114.20631408691406,\n 39.0303858632327\n ],\n [\n -113.95225524902344,\n 39.0303858632327\n ],\n [\n -113.95225524902344,\n 38.678541582058195\n ],\n [\n -114.20631408691406,\n 38.678541582058195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650523fe4b0f162148c5cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pari, Keith","contributorId":149774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pari","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Baird, Frank","contributorId":149773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baird","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70046236,"text":"70046236 - 2009 - Geospatial Data Used in Water-Level and Land-Subsidence Studies in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins for 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T14:48:35","indexId":"70046236","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geospatial Data Used in Water-Level and Land-Subsidence Studies in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins for 2008","docAbstract":"During 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies made approximately 2,500 water-level measurements in the Mojave River and Morongo groundwater basins. These data document recent conditions and, when compared with previous data, changes in groundwater levels. A water-level contour map was drawn using data from about 700 wells, providing coverage for most of the basins. Twenty-four hydrographs show long-term (up to 70 years) water-level conditions throughout the basins, and 9 short-term (1997 to 2008) hydrographs show the effects of recharge and discharge along the Mojave River. In addition, a water-level-change map was compiled to compare 2006 and 2008 water levels throughout the basins. (575 wells)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046236","usgsCitation":"Glockhoff, C., and Stamos, C., 2009, Geospatial Data Used in Water-Level and Land-Subsidence Studies in the Mojave River and Morongo Groundwater Basins for 2008, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046236.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273114,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/cont2008.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.660855,34.120490 ], [ -117.660855,35.072016 ], [ -116.052529,35.072016 ], [ -116.052529,34.120490 ], [ -117.660855,34.120490 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae5e4b07c214e64bcf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glockhoff, Carolyn","contributorId":51635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glockhoff","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041666,"text":"70041666 - 2009 - Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T11:35:27","indexId":"70041666","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","docAbstract":"The Great Southern California ShakeOut was a week of special events featuring the largest earthquake drill in United States history. On November 13, 2008, over 5 million southern Californians pretended that a magnitude-7.8 earthquake had occurred and practiced actions that could reduce its impact on their lives. The primary message of the ShakeOut is that what we do now, before a big earthquake, will determine what our lives will be like after. The drill was based on a scenario of the impacts and consequences of such an earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault, developed by over 300 experts led by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with the California Geological Survey, the Southern California Earthquake Center, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, lifeline operators, emergency services and many other organizations. The ShakeOut campaign was designed and implemented by earthquake scientists, emergency managers, sociologists, art designers and community participants. The means of communication were developed using results from sociological research on what encouraged people to take action. This was structured around four objectives: 1) consistent messages – people are more inclined to believe something when they hear the same thing from multiple sources; 2) visual reinforcement – people are more inclined to do something they see other people doing; 3) encourage “milling” or discussing contemplated action – people need to discuss an action with others they care about before committing to undertaking it; and 4) focus on concrete actions – people are more likely to prepare for a set of concrete consequences of a particular hazard than for an abstract concept of risk. The goals of the ShakeOut were established in Spring 2008 and were: 1) to register 5 million people to participate in the drill; 2) to change the culture of earthquake preparedness in southern California; and 3) to reduce earthquake losses in southern California. All of these goals were met. The final registration at www.shakeout.org for the 2008 ShakeOut was 5.47 million people, or one-quarter of the population of the region. A survey conducted with the registered participants showed that the messages they took from the ShakeOut were the concepts intended, including the importance of “Drop, Cover, Hold On”, the interdependency of earthquake risk (“We are all in this together”) and the possibility of reducing losses through preparation and mitigation. Sales data from the Home Depot hardware stores in southern California showed a 260% increase in the sale of earthquake safety products during the month of the ShakeOut, November 2008.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":" U.S.-Iran Seismic Workshop","conferenceDate":"June 29- July 1, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Irvine, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centerr","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., and The ShakeOut Team, 2009, Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut, in Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop, Irvine, CA, June 29- July 1, 2009, p. 1-14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023486","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"The ShakeOut Team","contributorId":191422,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The ShakeOut Team","id":693007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035224,"text":"70035224 - 2009 - Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T09:56:08","indexId":"70035224","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix) species are among the most successful and economically costly plant invaders in the western United States, in part due to its potential to remove large amounts of water from shallow aquifers. Accordingly, local, state and federal agencies have released a new biological control - the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) along many watersheds in the western United States to reduce the spread of tamarisk. The beetle defoliates tamarisk for much of the growing season resulting in potentially large seasonal declines in productivity, fitness, and water loss from tamarisk stands. We measured sap flux density (Js) using heat dissipation sensors to investigate water use patterns of tamarisk before, during and after a single, six week beetle-induced defoliation event in southeastern, Utah, USA. Granier-style probes were installed on 20 dominant trees from May through September 2008, a period that covers almost the entire growing season. As the beetle emerged from dormancy in mid-June, daytime and nighttime Js measurably increased for approximately two weeks before declining to less than 20% of predicted values (predicted by modeling Js with atmospheric vapor pressure deficit in May and June before defoliation). Tamarisk trees in mid-August produced new leaves and Js returned to pre-defoliation levels. Total Js, summed over the duration of the study was 13% lower than predicted values. These data suggest that defoliation results in only small changes in seasonal water loss from tamarisk stands. Current research is focusing on long-term ecohydrological impacts of tamarisk defoliation over multiple growing seasons.","largerWorkTitle":"Acta Horticulturae: VII International Workshop on Sap Flow","language":"English","issn":"05677572","isbn":"9789066056824","usgsCitation":"Hultine, K.R., Nagler, P., Dennison, P., Bush, S., and Ehleringer, J., 2009, Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) water fluxes before, during and after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle, v. 846, p.293-302.","productDescription":"p.293-302","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.actahort.org/books/846/846_33.htm"}],"volume":"846","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3c7e4b08c986b31feb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennison, P.E.","contributorId":73430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bush, S.E.","contributorId":78567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032947,"text":"70032947 - 2009 - Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032947","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","docAbstract":"Saline waste waters from industrial and water treatment processes are an under-utilized resource in desert urban environments. Management practices to safely use these water sources are still in development. We used a deeprooted native halophyte, Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush), to absorb mildly saline effluent (1800 mg l-1 total dissolved solids, mainly sodium sulfate) from a water treatment plant in the desert community of Twentynine Palms, California. We developed a deficit irrigation strategy to avoid discharging water past the root zone to the aquifer. The plants were irrigated at about one-third the rate of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated from meteorological data over five years and soil moisture levels were monitored to a soil depth of 4.7 m at monthly intervals with a neutron hydroprobe. The deficit irrigation schedule maintained the soil below field capacity throughout the study. Water was presented on a more or less constant schedule, so that the application rates were less than ETo in summer and equal to or slightly greater than ETo in winter, but the plants were able to consume water stored in the profile in winter to support summer ET. Sodium salts gradually increased in the soil profile over the study but sulfate levels remained low, due to formation of gypsum in the calcic soil. The high salt tolerance, deep roots, and drought tolerance of desert halophytes such as A. lentiformis lend these plants to use as deficit-irrigated landscape plants for disposal of effluents in urban setting when protection of the aquifer is important. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008","issn":"01692","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Mckeon, C., Gerhart, V., Nagler, P., Jordan, F., and Artiola, J., 2009, Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008"},{"id":241216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe36e4b0c8380cd4ebc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mckeon, C.","contributorId":83342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckeon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerhart, V.","contributorId":71006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artiola, J.","contributorId":82136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artiola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035104,"text":"70035104 - 2009 - Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls","docAbstract":"The Colorado River system in southern Utah and northern Arizona is continuing to adjust to the baselevel fall responsible for the carving of the Grand Canyon. Estimates of bedrock incision rates in this area vary widely, hinting at the transient state of the Colorado and its tributaries. In conjunction with these data, we use longitudinal profiles of the Colorado and tributaries between Marble Canyon and Cataract Canyon to investigate the incision history of the Colorado in this region. We find that almost all of the tributaries in this region steepen as they enter the Colorado River. The consistent presence of oversteepened reaches with similar elevation drops in the lower section of these channels, and their coincidence within a corridor of high local relief along the Colorado, suggest that the tributaries are steepening in response to an episode of increased incision rate on the mainstem. This analysis makes testable predictions about spatial variations in incision rates; these predictions are consistent with existing rate estimates and can be used to guide further studies. We also present cosmogenic nuclide data from the Henry Mountains of southern Utah. We measured in situ 10Be concentrations on four gravel-covered strath surfaces elevated from 1 m to 110 m above Trachyte Creek. The surfaces yield exposure ages that range from approximately 2??5 ka to 267 ka and suggest incision rates that vary between 350 and 600 m/my. These incision rates are similar to other rates determined within the high-relief corridor. Available data thus support the interpretation that tributaries of the Colorado River upstream of the Grand Canyon are responding to a recent pulse of rapid incision on the Colorado. Numerical modeling of detachment-limited bedrock incision suggests that this incision pulse is likely related to the upstream-dipping lithologic boundary at the northern edge of the Kaibab upwarp. ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1790","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Cook, K.L., Whipple, K., Heimsath, A., and Hanks, T.C., 2009, Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, no. 7, p. 994-1010, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1790.","startPage":"994","endPage":"1010","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215239,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1790"},{"id":243028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94e8e4b0c8380cd816c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, K. L.","contributorId":34567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whipple, K.X.","contributorId":47187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whipple","given":"K.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimsath, A.M.","contributorId":52781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimsath","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036692,"text":"70036692 - 2009 - Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036692","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack","docAbstract":"Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) has invaded riparian ecosystems throughout the Western United States, including significant portions of riparian ecosystems within U.S. National Parks and Monuments. Recently, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) was released as a tamarisk biocontrol agent. Although initial releases have been monitored, no comprehensive program is currently in place to monitor the rapid spread of Diorhabda that has resulted from numerous subsequent releases by county and state agencies. Long term monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and its impacts on habitat and water resources is needed. This study examines the potential for using higher spatial resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and lower spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for monitoring defoliation caused by Diorhabda and subsequent changes in evapotranspiration (ET). Widespread tamarisk defoliation was observed in an eastern Utah study area during summer 2007. ASTER normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed only minor changes between 2005 and 2006, but a significant drop in NDVI was found within riparian areas between 2006 and 2007. The decrease in NDVI caused by defoliation was apparent despite partial refoliation within the study area. MODIS time series data revealed that absolute decline in EVI varied by site, but that the timing of EVI decline during summer 2007 was early with respect to phenological patterns from 2001 through 2006. Defoliation caused decreases in ET values estimated from both ASTER and MODIS data. MODIS estimated ET declined earlier than in previous years, although annual ET was not significantly different than ET in previous years due to high year-to-year variability. Challenges to detection and monitoring of tamarisk defoliation include spectral mixing of tamarisk and other cover types at subpixel spatial resolution, spatial coregistration of time series images, the timing of image acquisition, and changes unrelated to defoliation in non-tamarisk land cover over time. Continued development of the techniques presented in this paper may allow monitoring the spread of Diorhabda and assessment of potential water salvage resulting from biocontrol of tamarisk. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Dennison, P., Nagler, P., Hultine, K.R., Glenn, E.P., and Ehleringer, J., 2009, Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 7, p. 1462-1472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022.","startPage":"1462","endPage":"1472","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022"},{"id":245850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6efe4b0c8380cd8511f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennison, P.E.","contributorId":73430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194436,"text":"70194436 - 2009 - Application of models to conservation planning for terrestrial birds in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T10:26:16","indexId":"70194436","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of models to conservation planning for terrestrial birds in North America","docAbstract":"Partners in Flight (PIF), a public–private coalition for the conservation of land birds, has developed one of four international bird conservation plans recognized under the auspices of the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI). Partners in Flight prioritized species most in need of conservation attention and set range-wide population goals for 448 species of terrestrial birds. Partnerships are now tasked with developing spatially explicit estimates of the distribution, and abundance of priority species across large ecoregions and identifying habitat acreages needed to support populations at prescribed levels. The PIF Five Elements process of conservation design identifies five steps needed to implement all bird conservation at the ecoregional scale. Habitat assessment and landscape characterization describe the current amounts of different habitat types and summarize patch characteristics, and landscape configurations that define the ability of a landscape to sustain healthy bird populations and are a valuable first step to describing the planning area before pursuing more complex species-specific models. Spatially linked database models, landscape-scale habitat suitability models, and statistical models are viable alternatives for predicting habitat suitability or bird abundance across large planning areas to help assess conservation opportunities, design landscapes to meet population objectives, and monitor change in habitat suitability or bird numbers over time.
The Sahel—the belt of land that stretches across Africa on the southern edge of the Sahara—has always been a tough place to farm. Rainfall is low and droughts are frequent. The crust of hard soil is, at times, almost impermeable, and harsh winds threaten to sweep away everything in their path. Over the past three decades, however, hundreds of thousands of farmers in Burkina Faso and Niger have transformed large swaths of the region’s arid landscape into productive agricultural land, improving food security for about 3 million people. Once-denuded landscapes are now home to abundant trees, crops, and livestock. Although rainfall has improved slightly from the mid-1990s relative to earlier decades, indications are that farmer management is a stronger determinant of land and agroforestry regeneration. Sahelian farmers achieved their success by ingeniously modifying traditional agroforestry, water, and soil-management practices. To improve water availability and soil fertility in Burkina Faso’s Central Plateau, farmers have sown crops in planting pits and built stone contour bunds, which are stones piled up in long narrow rows that follow the contours of the land in order to capture rainwater runoff and soil. These practices have helped rehabilitate between 200,000 and 300,000 hectares of land and produce an additional 80,000 tons of food per year. In southern Niger, farmers have developed innovative ways of regenerating and multiplying valuable trees whose roots already lay underneath their land, thus improving about 5 million hectares of land and producing more than 500,000 additional tons of food per year. While the specific calculations of farm-level benefits are subject to various methodological and data limitations, the order of magnitude of these benefits is high, as evidenced by the wide-scale adoption of the improved practices by large numbers of farmers. Today, the agricultural landscapes of southern Niger have considerably more tree cover than they did 30 years ago. These findings suggest a human and environmental success story at a scale not seen anywhere else in Africa. The re-greening of the Sahel began when local farmers’ practices were rediscovered and enhanced in simple, low-cost ways by innovative farmers and nongovernmental organizations. An evolving coalition of local, national, and international actors then enabled large-scale diffusion and continued use of these improved practices where they benefited farmers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Millions fed: Proven successes in agricultural development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Food Policy Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Reij, C., Smale, M., and Tappan, G., 2009, Re-greening the Sahel: Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger, chap. of Millions fed: Proven successes in agricultural development, p. 53-58.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017230","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Burkina Faso, Niger","otherGeospatial":"Sahel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56012a95e4b03bc34f544424","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spielman, David J.","contributorId":147837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spielman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572852,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pandya-Lorch, Rajul","contributorId":147838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandya-Lorch","given":"Rajul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572853,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Reij, Chris","contributorId":147839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reij","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smale, Melinda","contributorId":147840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smale","given":"Melinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappan, G. Gray 0000-0002-2240-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":147662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G. Gray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047280,"text":"70047280 - 2009 - Coldwater fish in wadeable streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T15:00:34.57605","indexId":"70047280","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Coldwater fish in wadeable streams","docAbstract":"Standardizing sampling methods for fish populations across large regions is important for consistent measurement of large-scale effects of climate or geography. In addition, pooling samples creates larger sample sizes and can facilitate data sharing among scientists and land managers. Sampling freshwater fish has largely not been standardized due to the diversity of fish and habitats. USGS aquatic ecologist Jason Dunham and co-authors contributed a chapter about sampling coldwater fish in wadeable streams to a new book that details common methods, protocols, and guidelines for sampling fish across North America. Topics include three common sampling methods: electrofishing, snorkeling, and nest counts. Each method provides complementary information about different species and life stages. The information will be useful for initiating new or fine-tuning ongoing sampling programs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch8","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Rosenberger, A.E., Thurow, R.F., Dolloff, C.A., and Howell, P.J., 2009, Coldwater fish in wadeable streams, chap. 8 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 119-138, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee5e4b02e26443a935c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurow, Russell F.","contributorId":21035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurow","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dolloff, C. Andrew","contributorId":97405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolloff","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howell, Philip J.","contributorId":47672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047268,"text":"70047268 - 2009 - An introduction to standardized sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:08:50.371819","indexId":"70047268","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"An introduction to standardized sampling","docAbstract":"It was probably one of the oddest riots in the history of the United States. In Erie, Pennsylvania during 1853. federal marshals were called to restore order during bloody uprisings. A mob of women, equipped with sledgehammers, was tearing up railroad rack to protest standardization of track width (Nesmith 1985). All across the United States, standardization of rail gauges was talking place to improve transportation across the country,but many people did not want consistency. Jobs moving freight from, a train running on one gauge of track to a train running on another gauge were plentiful at this time, and standardization would mean these jobs would disappear. Fortunately, for us today, the riots were quelled and standardization of railroad tack gauges went ahead. The magnificent transportation system of North America was aided by the standardization of rails, contributing to robust economies.
\nStandardization of industrial processes, languages, measurements, and data collection methods has been essential for world progress (Figure 1.1). Today , we are often unaware of the degree of standardization of the most basic elements of our society--from bolts and nuts where thread sizes are standard to computer components that can be used interchangeably to the standard sizes of photos we carry in our wallets or purses. Data collection and presentation are standardized in many disciplines, including medicine, meteorology, geology, and water chemistry. For example, our cholesterol, body temperature, and blood pressure are measured by standard medical tests and compared to averages calculated from the results of the same standard tests for many other people to determine if individuals are higher, lower, or average compared to the population in general. If these diagnostic tests were not standardized, it is unlikely that we would be able to evaluate eve the most basic data about our health. In fact, if standardization was not used in countless other facets of our society our lives would be much more difficult.
\nFor data collection purposes, standardization means to collect data in one way so comparisons can be easily made. Although routine data collection has been standardized in many other disciplines, data from freshwater fish sampling across North America have not. Previously, most data collection has been standardized only at local, state, and provincial levels (Bonar and Hubert 2002).
\nSeveral years ago, when one of the authors (Bonar) was a biologist for a state agency, he was asked to compile as much data as he could about the state's warmwater fish communities to provide information to managers developing fishing regulations. These data had been collected by many biologists over time using different methods, including rotenone, electrofishing, gill netting, and hook-and-line sampling. Data were written carefully on detailed data sheets or in scribbled notes in a biologists's notebook. As you can imagine, these data were a nightmare to compile. However, they were even worse to interpret.
\nHow could length-frequency distributions be compared among lakes if the methods used to catch the fish were dissimilar with differing efficiencies in sampling fish of various species and lengths? How could catch per unit effort (CPUE), a common index of population density, be compared when samples were collected one year using fyke nets and the next year by electrofishing? Ultimately, how could one compare if fish population were high, low, or average in growth, body condition, or abundance if there was no compilation of distributions of standard data to facilitate comparison?
\nMonths were spent trying to interpret these data, and finally a body of comparable data gathered by similar methods was assimilated. However, much of the nonstandard data had to be discarded--data that had taken thousands of hours to collect but were essentially useless. If all data jhad been collected and recorded in a standard manner, whoch would have required very little extra work, all of these hours of survey effort would not have gone to naught and isights regardimng the fisheries would have been imporived by a larger number of samples.
\n","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.47886/9781934874103.ch1","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., Contreras-Balderas, S., and Iles, A.C., 2009, An introduction to standardized sampling, chap. 1 of Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874103.ch1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee3e4b02e26443a934d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509408,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509409,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509410,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Contreras-Balderas, Salvador","contributorId":35956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contreras-Balderas","given":"Salvador","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iles, Alison C.","contributorId":7546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iles","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047267,"text":"70047267 - 2009 - Length frequency, condition, growth, and catch per effort indices for common North American fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T14:06:30.835908","indexId":"70047267","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Length frequency, condition, growth, and catch per effort indices for common North American fishes","docAbstract":"
One of the greatest advantages to using standard sampling is the ability of compare sample data to those data collected from an array of other populations over a wide geographic area using similar techniques. A biologist can then ascertain if the sampling data are within an expected range or are higher or lower than expected when compared to other populations.. When biologists collect data using different biased, unvalidated methods, it is often impossible to compare data among populations and evaluate the results. Standard sampling allows comparisons of data among sampling periods and locations.
\nUntil now, summaries of freshwater fisheries data collected in a standard manner across North America have not been available. Length at age, length-weight relationships, and other types of detailed summary data are available in Carlander (1696-1977). However, a variety of sampling methods were used to collect these data, allowing successful comparisons among length at age and length-weight data but making it difficult or impossible to compare size distribution and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data among populations.
\nThis chapter provides North American and ecoregion (area that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities and share similar environmental conditions) averages and distributions of several commonly used sampling techniques described in this book. Biologists using the standardized sampling techniques described in this book will be able to compare their data sets to the summaries provided in the tables that follow to determine if the data from their sampled populations of fish are average, below average, or above average for a given index in their ecoregion or across North America.
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Unfortunately, bald eagles are sensitive to investigator intrusion at the nest. Thus, the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is evaluated as a potential sentinel species for aquatic ecosystems. Several characteristics support the choice of the osprey as a sentinel species, including: (1) fish-eating diet atop the aquatic food web, (2) long-lived with strong nest fidelity, (3) adapts to human landscapes (potentially the most contaminated), (4) tolerates short-term nest disturbance, (5) nests spatially distributed at regular intervals, (6) highly visible nests easily located for study, (7) ability to accumulate most, if not all, lipophilic contaminants, (8) known sensitivity to many contaminants, and (9) nearly a worldwide distribution. These osprey traits have been instrumental in successfully using the species to understand population distribution, abundance, and changes over time; the effects of various contaminants on reproductive success; how contaminants in prey (fish on biomass basis) contribute to egg concentrations (i.e., biomagnification factors); and spatial residue patterns. Data summarized include nesting population surveys, detailed nesting studies, and chemical analyses of osprey egg, organ, blood, and feather samples for contaminants that bioaccumulate and/or biomagnify in aquatic food webs; and biochemical evaluations of blood and various organs. Studies in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, and elsewhere have shown the osprey to be a useful sentinel species for monitoring selected environmental contaminants, including some emerging contaminants in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and estuaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10937400802545078","usgsCitation":"Grove, R.A., Henny, C.J., and Kaiser, J.L., 2009, Osprey: Worldwide sentinel species for assessing and monitoring environmental contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, v. 12, no. 1, p. 25-44, https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400802545078.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70177143,"text":"70177143 - 2009 - Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:22:03","indexId":"70177143","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":54,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR--2009/001","title":"Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007","docAbstract":"Vegetation data collected at Rock Creek Park every 4 years during 1991-2007 were analyzed for differences among 3 regions within the park and among years. The variables measured and analyzed were percentage of twigs browsed, percentage of canopy cover, species richness of herbaceous plants, number of tree seedlings in each of 7 height classes, tree seedling stocking rate for low deer density and high deer density areas, percentage of tree and shrub cover < 2 m in height, mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees > 1 cm DBH, number of tree stems > 1 cm DBH, species richness of trees and shrubs, and mean height of the 5 tallest trees in each plot quadrant. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences and, except for some differences in tree species composition among the 3 regions, no differences (P > 0.01) were found among the 3 regions in the variables discussed above. Many of the variables showed very significant differences (P < 0.01) among years, and causative factors should be investigated further. In addition, importance values were calculated for the 10 most important tree species in each region and changes over time were reported. Future sampling recommendations are also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J.S., and Krafft, C., 2009, Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007: Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR--2009/001, iv, 14 p.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-011502","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088689e4b0f497e78e24e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krafft, Cairn ckrafft@usgs.gov","contributorId":3480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"Cairn","email":"ckrafft@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":651412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77408,"text":"sir20065101C - 2009 - Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:45:45.84052","indexId":"sir20065101C","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5101","chapter":"C","title":"Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program began a series of studies in the contiguous United States to examine the effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of streams. Small streams in the Texas Blackland Prairie level III ecoregion in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area were the focus of one of the studies. The principal objectives of the study, based on data collected in 2003-04 from 28 subbasins of the Trinity River Basin, were to (1) define a gradient of urbanization for small Blackland Prairie streams in the Trinity River Basin on the basis of a range of urban intensity indexes (UIIs) calculated using land-use/land-cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic characteristics; (2) assess the relation between this gradient of urbanization and the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams; and (3) evaluate the type of relation (that is, linear or nonlinear, and whether there was a threshold response) of the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of these streams to the gradient of urbanization. Of 94 water-chemistry variables and one measure of potential toxicity from a bioassay, the concentrations of two pesticides (diazinon and sima-zine) and one measure of potential toxicity (P450RGS assay) from compounds sequestered in semipermeable membrane devices were significantly positively correlated with the UII. No threshold responses to the UII for diazinon and simazine concentrations were observed over the entire range of the UII scores. The linear correlation for diazinon with the UII was significant, but the linear correlation for simazine with the UII was not. No statistically significant relations between the UII and concentrations of suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, or any major ions were indicated. Eleven of 59 physical variables from streamflow were significantly correlated with the UII. Temperature was not significantly correlated with the UII, and none of the physical habitat measurements were significantly correlated with the UII. Seven physical variables categorized as streamflow flashiness metrics were significantly positively correlated with the UII, two of which showed a linear but not a threshold response to the UII. Four flow-duration metrics were significantly negatively correlated with the UII, of which two showed a linear response to the UII, one showed a threshold response, and one showed neither. None of the fish metrics were significantly correlated with the UII in the Blackland Prairie streams. Two qualitative multi-habitat benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, predator richness and percentage filterer-collector richness, were significantly correlated with the UII; predator richness was negatively correlated with the UII, and percentage filterer-collector richness was positively correlated with the UII. No threshold response to the UII was observed for either metric, but both showed a significant linear response to the UII. Three richest targeted habitat (RTH) benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, Margalef's richness, predator richness, and omnivore richness were significantly negatively correlated with the UII. Margalef's richness was the only RTH metric that indicated a threshold response to the UII. The majority of unique taxa collected in the periphytic algae samples were diatoms. Six RTH periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII and five of the six showed no notable threshold response to the UII; but all five showed significant linear responses to the UII. Only the metric OT_VL_DP, which indicates the presence of algae that are tolerant of low dissolved oxygen conditions, showed a threshold response to the UII. Six depositional target habitat periphytic algae metrics were correlated with the UII, five of which showed no threshold response to the UII; three of the five showed significant linear responses to the UII, one showed a borderline significant
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in six metropolitan areas of the United States (Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065101C","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2009, Effects of urbanization on the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of small Blackland Prairie streams in and near the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065101C.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5101_c.jpg"},{"id":394048,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86419.htm"},{"id":327273,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/pdf/sir2006-5101-C.pdf"},{"id":12394,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101C/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas-Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Blackland Prairie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.2833,\n 31.6508\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 31.6508\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 33.4244\n ],\n [\n -97.2833,\n 33.4244\n ],\n [\n -97.2833,\n 31.6508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77493,"text":"i2600C - 2009 - Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Palmer Land Area, Antarctica: 1947-2009 ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"i2600C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"C","title":"Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Palmer Land Area, Antarctica: 1947-2009 ","docAbstract":"Reduction in the area and volume of the two polar ice sheets is intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting rise in sea level could severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Antarctica is Earth's largest reservoir of glacial ice. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet would cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m), and the potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). The mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is highly complex, responding differently to different climatic and other conditions in each region (Vaughan, 2005). In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although it is known to be thickening in the west, it is thinning in the north. The mass balance of the East Antarctic ice sheet is thought by Davis and others (2005) to be positive on the basis of the change in satellite-altimetry measurements made between 1992 and 2003. \r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the cryospheric coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) images (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images), RADARSAT images, aerial photography, and other data where available, to compare changes that occurred during a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps (I-2600) (Williams and others, 1995; Swithinbank and others, 2003a,b, 2004; Ferrigno and others, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and in press; and Williams and Ferrigno, 2005) (available online at http://www.glaciers.er.usgs.gov).\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2600C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the British Antarctic Survey, the Scott Polar Research Institute, and the Bundesamt fur Kartographie und Geodasie ","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Cook, A.J., Mathie, A., Williams, R., Swithinbank, C., Foley, K.M., Fox, A.J., Thomson, J.W., and Sievers, J., 2009, Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Palmer Land Area, Antarctica: 1947-2009 : U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, pamphlet iv, 28 p. ; map sheet (40.59 inches x 31.77 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600C.","productDescription":"pamphlet iv, 28 p. ; map sheet (40.59 inches x 31.77 inches)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1947-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2600-c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar Stereographic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80,-74 ], [ -80,-68 ], [ -57,-68 ], [ -57,-74 ], [ -80,-74 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d6bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Alison J.","contributorId":42665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathie, Amy M.","contributorId":82803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathie","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fox, Adrian J.","contributorId":68413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thomson, Janet W.","contributorId":32212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sievers, Jorn","contributorId":101753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievers","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70268184,"text":"ofr20081225 - 2008 - Alaska resource data file, new and revised records version 1.7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T13:25:08.360822","indexId":"ofr20081225","displayToPublicDate":"2025-06-16T11:34:15","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1225","displayTitle":"Alaska Resource Data File, New and Revised Records Version 1.7","title":"Alaska resource data file, new and revised records version 1.7","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081225","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska resource data file, new and revised records version 1.7: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225, 2605 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081225.","productDescription":"2605 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490794,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1225/ofr20081225.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2000-1225"},{"id":490793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1225/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":940512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045798,"text":"70045798 - 2008 - Mycobacteriosis in striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T12:56:02.29995","indexId":"70045798","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":359,"text":"Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"displayTitle":"Mycobacteriosis in Striped Bass","title":"Mycobacteriosis in striped bass","docAbstract":"Mycobacteriosis is a bacterial disease in which striped bass (rockfish) may be disfigured as a result of skin ulcers and internal lesions. The bass may also be skinny or in extremely poor condition due to the chronic nature of this wasting disease. Stripers are a highly prized target species for both recreational anglers and commercial fishermen. As such, the economic impact of diseased and devalued fish could be significant. In addition, some of the mycobacteria that commonly infect fishes can cause infections in people and therefore are a human health concern. The total extent to which the disease is occurring along the Eastern seaboard is unknown but the disease has been reported from stripers taken from North Carolina to New York. During 1998-99, skin ulcers attributed to mycobacterial infection were observed in up to 28% of the striped bass from some Virginia tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Data obtained during 2002—2003 from fish harvested in Virginia and Maryland waters indicated that, at least in some areas, over 80% of striped bass may be infected with the mycobacteria that are associated with the disease. Given the persistence over the last 8 years of this mycobacteriosis outbreak, this does not appear to be a short-term problem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045798","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., 2008, Mycobacteriosis in striped bass: Fact Sheet, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045798.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271869,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045798/fs_bass_march2008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"138 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":271870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045798/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Original contributing office: Leetown Science Center","contact":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e4e4b023d2d75b9a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank fpanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank","email":"fpanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81004,"text":"ofr20081087 - 2008 - Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T09:59:06.667856","indexId":"ofr20081087","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-14T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1087","displayTitle":"Basin Characteristics for Selected Streamflow-Gaging Stations In and Near West Virginia","title":"Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia","docAbstract":"Basin characteristics have long been used to develop equations describing streamflow. In the past, flow equations used in West Virginia were based on a few hand-calculated basin characteristics. More recently, the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate basin characteristics from existing datasets has refined the process for developing equations to describe flow values in the Mountain State. These basin characteristics are described in this document for streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia. The GIS program developed in ArcGIS Workstation by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI?) used data that included National Elevation Dataset (NED) at 1:24,000 scale, climate data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), streamlines from the National Hydrologic Dataset (NHD), and LandSat-based land-cover data (NLCD) for the period 1999-2003. Full automation of data generation was not achieved due to some inaccuracies in the elevation dataset, as well as inaccuracies in the streamflow-gage locations retrieved from the National Water Information System (NWIS). A Pearson?s correlation examination of the data indicates that several of the basin characteristics are correlated with drainage area. However, the GIS-generated data provide a consistent and documented set of basin characteristics for resource managers and researchers to use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management and the West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Highways","usgsCitation":"Paybins, K.S., 2008, Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in and near West Virginia (Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1087, Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Table; Version History; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081087.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 1 Table; Version History; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10867,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":386965,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/ofr20081087_table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations in West Virginia and adjacent areas of Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky"},{"id":386966,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/ofr20081087_table1.csv","text":"Table 1","size":"95.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":386963,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/ofr20081087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2008-1087"},{"id":386964,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1087/versionHist.txt","size":"849 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,37 ], [ -84,41 ], [ -76,41 ], [ -76,37 ], [ -84,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: 2008","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 E. Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228