Topographic measures are frequently used in a variety of landscape ecology applications, in their simplest form as elevation, slope, and aspect, but increasingly more complex measures are being employed. We explore terrain metric similarity with changes in scale, both grain and extent, and examine how selecting the best measures is sensitive to changes in application. There are three types of topographic measures: 1) those that relate to orientation for approximating solar input, 2) those that capture variability in terrain configuration, and 3) those that provide metrics about landform features. Many biodiversity hotspots and predators have been found to coincide with areas of complexity, yet most complexity measures cannot differentiate between terrain steepness and uneven and broken terrain. Currently characterizing terrain in landscape-level analyses can be challenging, especially at coarser spatial resolutions but developing methods that improve landscape-level assessments include multivariate approaches and the use of neighborhood statistics. Some measures are sensitive to the spatial grain of calculation, the physiography of the landscape, and the scale of application. We show which measures have the potential to be multi-collinear, and illustrate with a case study how the selection of the best measures can change depending on the question at hand using mountain lion (Puma concolor) occurrence data. The case study showed a combination of infrequently employed metrics, such as view-shed analysis and focal statistics, outperform more commonly employed singular metrics. The use of focal statistics as a measure of topographic complexity shows promise for improving how mountain lions use terrain features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Horizon Research Publishing Corporation","doi":"10.13189/eer.2018.060501","usgsCitation":"Ironside, K.E., Mattson, D.J., Arundel, T.R., Theimer, T., Holton, B., Peters, M., Edwards, T., and Hansen, J.R., 2018, Geomorphometry in landscape ecology: Issues of scale, physiography, and application: Environment and Ecology Research, v. 6, no. 5, p. 397-412, https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2018.060501.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"412","ipdsId":"IP-084757","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2018.060501","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a269e4b0702d0e842e82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten E. 0000-0003-1166-3793 kironside@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-3793","contributorId":3379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","email":"kironside@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattson, David J.","contributorId":191920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arundel, Terence R. 0000-0003-0324-4249 tarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-4249","contributorId":139242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terence","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Theimer, Tad","contributorId":191914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theimer","given":"Tad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holton, Brandon","contributorId":191915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holton","given":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peters, Michael","contributorId":191919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":191916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hansen, Jered R. jrhansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Jered","email":"jrhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70199259,"text":"70199259 - 2018 - Effects of formaldehyde on nitrification in biofilters of small‐scale recirculating systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:17:32","indexId":"70199259","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T16:17:23","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":857,"text":"Aquaculture Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of formaldehyde on nitrification in biofilters of small‐scale recirculating systems","docAbstract":"Florfenicol (Aquaflor®) is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for treating diseased fish reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Treating diseased fish in RAS is challenging because of the potential to damage nitrifying bacteria in the biofilters. Impaired nitrification can lead to concentrations of ammonia and nitrite that compromise fish welfare. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a FDA‐approved parasiticide and fungicide, Parasite‐S® (formalin), on biofilter nitrification. Stable biofilters were exposed once to 0, 9.25, 18.5, 37, or 55.5 mg/L formaldehyde. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen were monitored daily before and throughout the study to quantify biofilter function. Formaldehyde concentrations ≥37 mg/L increased TAN and nitrite nitrogen concentrations, and nitrification did not recover to pre‐exposure concentrations up to 8 day postexposure. On the basis of those results, a second trial was conducted. Stable biofilters were exposed once or on four consecutive days to 9.25 or 18.5 mg/L formaldehyde. Biofilters repeatedly exposed to formaldehyde showed signs of impairment and had variable recovery relative to single exposures. Results of this study may help identify formaldehyde concentrations that can be safely applied to RAS when treating diseased fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/are.13785","usgsCitation":"Fredricks, K.T., Cupp, A.R., Schleis, S.M., Erickson, R.A., and Gaikowski, M., 2018, Effects of formaldehyde on nitrification in biofilters of small‐scale recirculating systems: Aquaculture Research, v. 49, no. 9, p. 3207-3217, https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13785.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3207","endPage":"3217","ipdsId":"IP-090949","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13785","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02fa2e4b0fc368eb5393f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":173994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cupp, Aaron R. 0000-0001-5995-2100 acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schleis, Susan M. 0000-0002-9396-7856 sschleis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9396-7856","contributorId":2858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleis","given":"Susan","email":"sschleis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198579,"text":"70198579 - 2018 - Similarity assessment of linear hydrographic features using high performance computing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-03T14:49:49","indexId":"70198579","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T14:49:19","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Similarity assessment of linear hydrographic features using high performance computing","docAbstract":"This work discusses a current open source implementation of a line similarity assessment workflow to compare elevation-derived drainage lines with the high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) surface-water flow network. The process identifies matching and mismatching lines in each dataset to help focus subsequent validation procedures to areas of the NHD that more critically need updates.","conferenceTitle":"FOSS4G 2018 (Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial)","conferenceDate":"May 14-16, 2018","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stanislawski, L.V., Wendel, J., Shavers, E.J., and Li, T., 2018, Similarity assessment of linear hydrographic features using high performance computing, FOSS4G 2018 (Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial), St. Louis, MO, May 14-16, 2018.","ipdsId":"IP-096463","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356351,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://2018.foss4g-na.org/session/similarity-assessment-linear-hydrographic-features-using-high-performance-computing"}],"publicComments":"Extended abstract for oral presentation.","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a269e4b0702d0e842e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanislawski, Larry V. 0000-0002-9437-0576 lstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-0576","contributorId":3386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislawski","given":"Larry","email":"lstan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wendel, Jeffrey 0000-0003-0294-0250 jwendel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-0250","contributorId":196792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwendel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shavers, Ethan J. 0000-0001-9470-5199 eshavers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-5199","contributorId":206890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shavers","given":"Ethan","email":"eshavers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Ting","contributorId":44063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ting","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198377,"text":"70198377 - 2018 - Thermally induced fracture of macroscale surficial granite sheets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T10:16:01","indexId":"70198377","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T14:41:33","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Thermally induced fracture of macroscale surficial granite sheets","docAbstract":"Geologically diverse landforms around the world show indications of energetic macroscale fracture. These fractures are sometimes displayed dramatically as so-called “A-tents”, whereby relatively thin rock sheets push upwards and fracture, forming tent-like voids beneath the ruptured sheets. The origin and formation of such features has been a topic of considerable interest and analysis for over a century. Here we show that thermally-induced stresses, coincident with particularly hot days during particularly hot years, were responsible for recent (2014-2016) energetic ruptures of rock sheets forming a granitic exfoliation dome in California, USA. Through a three-year field effort, we found that subcritical fracture occurred due to diurnal and seasonal cumulative thermal stresses. However, our analyses also indicate that subsequent critical fracture could only have been reached if thermal stresses acted in concert with existing tectonic stresses. Thus, we offer a superposition triggering mechanism (background tectonic stresses with cyclic thermal stresses) to explain these rock fracture features.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 52nd U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"52nd U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium","conferenceDate":"June 17-20, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA)","usgsCitation":"Collins, B.D., Stock, G.M., and Eppes, M., 2018, Thermally induced fracture of macroscale surficial granite sheets, in Proceedings of the 52nd U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, Seattle, WA, June 17-20, 2018, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096183","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a269e4b0702d0e842e86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":88593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppes, Martha C.","contributorId":202874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eppes","given":"Martha C.","affiliations":[{"id":36544,"text":"Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200431,"text":"70200431 - 2018 - Genetic diversity and structure from Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in the southern Gulf of Mexico: Comparison between connected and isolated populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T14:13:14","indexId":"70200431","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T14:13:05","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5764,"text":"Tropical Conservation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic diversity and structure from Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in the southern Gulf of Mexico: Comparison between connected and isolated populations","title":"Genetic diversity and structure from Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in the southern Gulf of Mexico: Comparison between connected and isolated populations","docAbstract":"Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, is listed as endangered species in the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The aims of this research were to survey on the possible regional genetic structure in the southern Gulf of Mexico and to compare genetic status of a landlocked population in Laguna de las Ilusiones (IL) with individuals from localities with no barriers to displacement and breed (open population [OP]). We analyzed 45 manatee skin samples collected from different locations in Tabasco (n = 38, including 19 from IL), Veracruz (n = 3), Campeche (n = 2), and Chiapas (n = 2). The genomic DNA was isolated and PCR amplifications were performed for each sample using 28 microsatellite loci, previously designed for West Indian manatees and described as polymorphic for this species. Two clusters (k = 2) were identified by STRUCTURE. The analysis of both a priori populations (IL and OP) indicate that the global values of FSTand RST (FST=0.049, RST=0.077) were significant. The HE for IL was 0.38 ± 0.03 and for OP was 0.49 ± 0.01. The average number of alleles NA for IL was 2.21 ± 0.09 and for OP was 2.32 ± 0.09. The overall inbreeding coefficient was FIS=−0.013 for analyzed populations. Genetic diversity was low. The IL population had slightly lower genetic diversity compared with OP, which could be explained by isolation of that small group, so conservation plans for IL should be considered as priority.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/1940082918795560","usgsCitation":"Gomez-Carrasco, G., Lesher-Gordillo, J.M., Olivera-Gomez, L.D., Bonde, R.K., Arriaga-Weiss, S., Hernandez-Martinez, R., Castanon-Najera, G., Jimenez-Dominguez, D., Romo-Lopez, A., and Delgado-Estrella, A., 2018, Genetic diversity and structure from Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in the southern Gulf of Mexico: Comparison between connected and isolated populations: Tropical Conservation Science, v. 11, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918795560.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-076680","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918795560","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a952e4b034bf6a7e5141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez-Carrasco, Guadalupe","contributorId":209805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomez-Carrasco","given":"Guadalupe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37998,"text":"Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesher-Gordillo, Julia Maria","contributorId":209806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesher-Gordillo","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":37998,"text":"Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olivera-Gomez, Leon David","contributorId":209807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olivera-Gomez","given":"Leon","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":37998,"text":"Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arriaga-Weiss, Stefan","contributorId":209808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arriaga-Weiss","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37998,"text":"Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hernandez-Martinez, Raymundo","contributorId":209809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez-Martinez","given":"Raymundo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37998,"text":"Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Castanon-Najera, Guillermo","contributorId":209881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castanon-Najera","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jimenez-Dominguez, Darwin","contributorId":209811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jimenez-Dominguez","given":"Darwin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37998,"text":"Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Romo-Lopez, Armando","contributorId":209810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romo-Lopez","given":"Armando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37998,"text":"Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Delgado-Estrella, Alberto","contributorId":209882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delgado-Estrella","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70199433,"text":"70199433 - 2018 - Understanding and mitigating wilderness therapy impacts: The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T14:01:50","indexId":"70199433","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T14:01:44","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2082,"text":"International Journal of Wilderness","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding and mitigating wilderness therapy impacts: The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument case study","docAbstract":"Studies demonstrate that wilderness therapy programs can be beneficial for participants; however, little research has explored the ecological impacts of these programs. A prominent wilderness therapy organization utilizes vast tracts of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) for programming. This study examines the specific ecological impacts stemming from the program in GSENM, concurrently with a content analysis of the training procedures administered by the organization. Results emphasize the need to improve education, training, and mitigation measures to minimize impacts stemming from this and other wilderness therapy programs in GSENM, as well as other wilderness areas in which these programs operate.","language":"English","publisher":"WILD Foundation","usgsCitation":"Romo, A., Marion, J.L., Wimpey, J., Taff, D., and Schwartz, F., 2018, Understanding and mitigating wilderness therapy impacts: The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument case study: International Journal of Wilderness, v. 24, no. 2, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-096515","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357414,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ijw.org/2018-understanding-and-mitigating-wilderness-therapy-impacts/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument","volume":"24","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02fa2e4b0fc368eb53943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romo, Amelia","contributorId":207977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romo","given":"Amelia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L. 0000-0003-2226-689X jeff_marion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":3614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff_marion@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy","contributorId":207952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[{"id":32905,"text":"Applied Trails Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taff, Derrick","contributorId":207951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taff","given":"Derrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Forrest","contributorId":207953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Forrest","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70213243,"text":"70213243 - 2018 - The distribution and role of functional abundance in cross‐scale resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-16T13:32:39.724261","indexId":"70213243","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T13:42:34","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution and role of functional abundance in cross‐scale resilience","docAbstract":"The cross‐scale resilience model suggests that system‐level ecological resilience emerges from the distribution of species’ functions within and across the spatial and temporal scales of a system. It has provided a quantitative method for calculating the resilience of a given system and so has been a valuable contribution to a largely qualitative field. As it is currently laid out, the model accounts for the spatial and temporal scales at which environmental resources and species are present and the functional roles species play but does not inform us about how much resource is present or how much function is provided. In short, it does not account for abundance in the distribution of species and their functional roles within and across the scales of a system. We detail the ways in which we would expect species’ abundance to be relevant to the cross‐scale resilience model based on the extensive abundance literature in ecology. We also put forward a series of testable hypotheses that would improve our ability to anticipate and quantify how resilience is generated, and how ecosystems will (or will not) buffer recent rapid global changes. This stream of research may provide an improved foundation for the quantitative evaluation of ecological resilience.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecology Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.2508","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, S.M., Angeler, D., Barichievy, C., Eason, T.N., Garmestani, A.S., Gunderson, L., Knutson, M., Nash, K., Spanbauer, T., Stow, C., and Allen, C.R., 2018, The distribution and role of functional abundance in cross‐scale resilience: Ecology, v. 99, no. 11, p. 2421-2432, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2508.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2421","endPage":"2432","ipdsId":"IP-100596","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6792002","text":"External Repository"},{"id":378408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, S. M. 0000-0003-0823-8008","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-8008","contributorId":240691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angeler, D. G.","contributorId":240686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Angeler","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[{"id":12665,"text":"University of Cape Town","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barichievy, C. 0000-0003-4088-953X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-953X","contributorId":240685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barichievy","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13431,"text":"Zoological Society of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eason, T. N.","contributorId":205437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eason","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garmestani, A. S.","contributorId":240687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garmestani","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunderson, L.","contributorId":205440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunderson","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knutson, M.","contributorId":240692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nash, K.L. 0000-0003-0976-3197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-3197","contributorId":240688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nash","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48132,"text":"Centre for Marine Socioecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spanbauer, T. L.","contributorId":205438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spanbauer","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stow, C.A.","contributorId":240689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stow","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70197935,"text":"70197935 - 2018 - When oil and water mix: Understanding the environmental impacts of shale development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T12:34:03","indexId":"70197935","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T12:33:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When oil and water mix: Understanding the environmental impacts of shale development","docAbstract":"Development of shale gas and tight oil, or unconventional oil and gas (UOG), has dramatically increased domestic energy production in the U.S. UOG resources are typically developed through the use of hydraulic fracturing, which creates high-permeability flow paths into large volumes of tight rocks to provide a means for hydrocarbons to move to a wellbore. This process uses significant volumes of water, sand, and chemicals, raising concerns about risks to the environment and to human health. Researchers in various disciplines have been working to make UOG development more efficient, and to better understand the risks to air quality, water quality, landscapes, human health, and ecosystems. Risks to air include releases of methane, carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter. Water-resource risks include excessive withdrawals, stray gas in drinking-water aquifers, and surface spills of fluids or chemicals. Landscapes can be significantly altered by the infrastructure installed to support large drilling platforms and associated equipment. Exposure routes, fate and transport, and toxicology of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process are poorly understood, as are the potential effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and human health. This is made all the more difficult by an adaptable and evolving industry that frequently changes methods and constantly introduces new chemicals. Geoscientists responding to questions about the risks of UOG should refer to recent, rigorous scientific research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GSATG361A.1","usgsCitation":"Soeder, D.J., and Kent, D.B., 2018, When oil and water mix: Understanding the environmental impacts of shale development: GSA Today, v. 28, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG361A.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-091326","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg361a.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02fa2e4b0fc368eb53945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soeder, Daniel J.","contributorId":70040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soeder","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70212491,"text":"70212491 - 2018 - Short-term forecasting and detection of explosions during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-18T17:24:45.149522","indexId":"70212491","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T12:21:40","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term forecasting and detection of explosions during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"We describe a multidisciplinary approach to forecast, rapidly detect, and characterize explosive events during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, a back-arc shallow submarine volcano in Alaska’s Aleutian arc. The eruptive sequence began in December 2016 and included about 70 discrete explosive events. Because the volcano has no local monitoring stations, we used distant stations on the nearest volcanoes, Okmok (54 km) and Makushin (72 km), combined with regional infrasound sensors and lightning detection from the Worldwide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). Pre-eruptive seismicity was detected for 12 events during the first half of the eruption; for all other events co-eruptive signals allowed for detection only. Monitoring of activity used a combination of scheduled checks combined with automated alarms. Alarms triggered on real-time data included real-time seismic amplitude measurement (RSAM); infrasound from several arrays, the closest being on Okmok; and lightning strokes detected from WWLLN within a 20-km radius of the volcano. During periods of unrest, a multidisciplinary response team of four people fulfilled specific roles to evaluate geophysical and remote-sensing data, run event-specific ash-cloud dispersion models, ensure interagency coordination, and develop and distribute of formalized warning products. Using this approach, for events that produced ash clouds ≥7.5 km above sea level, Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) called emergency response partners 15 min, and issued written notices 30 min, after event onset (mean times). Factors that affect timeliness of written warnings include event size and number of data streams available; bigger events and more data both decrease uncertainty and allow for faster warnings. In remote areas where airborne ash is the primary hazard, the approach used at Bogoslof is an effective strategy for hazard mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media S.A.","doi":"10.3389/feart.2018.00122","collaboration":"University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Wech, A., Haney, M.M., Lyons, J.J., Schneider, D.J., Schwaiger, H., Wallace, K.L., Fee, D., Freymueller, J., Schaefer, J., and Tepp, G., 2018, Short-term forecasting and detection of explosions during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 6, 122, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00122.","productDescription":"122, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096083","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bogoslof volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.573974609375,\n 52.859180945520826\n ],\n [\n -165.9869384765625,\n 52.859180945520826\n ],\n [\n -165.9869384765625,\n 54.559322587438636\n ],\n [\n -169.573974609375,\n 54.559322587438636\n ],\n [\n -169.573974609375,\n 52.859180945520826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wech, Aaron 0000-0003-4983-1991","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-1991","contributorId":202561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wech","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":198601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":796565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwaiger, Hans 0000-0001-7397-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-8833","contributorId":214983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwaiger","given":"Hans","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fee, David","contributorId":199660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fee","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":96841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schaefer, Janet","contributorId":199547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tepp, Gabrielle 0000-0001-5388-5138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-5138","contributorId":206305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepp","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70199699,"text":"70199699 - 2018 - Magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, from inception to now: Historical perspective, current state of knowledge, and future challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T09:32:44","indexId":"70199699","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T12:16:44","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, from inception to now: Historical perspective, current state of knowledge, and future challenges","docAbstract":"Meticulous field observations are a common underpinning of two landmark studies conducted by Don Swanson dealing with the rate at which magma is supplied to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. The first combined effusion rate and ground deformation observations to show that the supply rate to Kīlauea was constant at ~0.11 km3/yr during three sustained eruptions from 1952 to 1971, a quiescent period at neighboring Mauna Loa volcano. This rate was also interpreted as the steady supply rate from the mantle to both volcanoes combined throughout historical time. The second breakthrough involved field evidence that activity at Kīlauea alternates between dominantly effusive and explosive styles over time scales of several centuries, and that the magma supply rate during explosive periods is only 1%-2% of the rate during effusive periods. For the historical period, several later studies concluded that the supply rate to Kīlauea has varied by as much as an order of magnitude, contrary to Swanson’s earlier suggestion. All such estimates are fraught with uncertainty, given the poorly known amount of magma stored within the volcano’s rift zones as a function of time—an enduring problem and active research topic. Nonetheless, Swanson’s original work remains an important touchstone that spurred many subsequent investigations and refinements. For example, there is strong evidence that Kīlauea experienced a surge in magma supply during 2003–2007 that exceeded the historical average by as much as a factor of two, and that the surge was followed by a comparable lull before the supply rate returned to “normal” by 2016. There is also evidence for supply-rate variations of similar magnitude during the latter part of the twentieth century and possibly earlier, subject to the aforementioned uncertainty in rift-zone storage. The extent to which variations in the magma supply to Kīlauea can be attributed to partitioning between Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, a long-debated topic, remains uncertain. Since Kilauea’s inception, the net magma supply to the volcano (and also to Lō‘ihi Seamount, since it began growing) has increased, while Mauna Loa’s growth rate has slowed, suggesting that the volcanoes compete for the same magma supply. However, geochemical differences between lavas erupted at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa indicate that they do not share a homogeneous mantle source or common lithospheric magma plumbing system. Both ideas might be correct; i.e., Kīlauea and Mauna Loa magmas may be sourced in differing portions of the same melt accumulation zone and ascend through different crustal pathways, but those pathways interact through stress or pressure changes that modulate the supply to each volcano. Currently, magma supply-rate estimates are facilitated by comprehensive imaging of surface deformation and topographic change coupled with measurements of gas emissions. Physics-based models are being developed within a probabilistic framework to provide rigorous estimates of model parameters, including magma supply rate, and their uncertainties. Further refinement will require intensive multiparameter observations of the entire magmatic system—from source to surface and above, and from the volcanoes’ summits to their submerged lower flanks—in order to account fully for a complex magma budget.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(12)","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., and Poland, M.P., 2018, Magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, from inception to now: Historical perspective, current state of knowledge, and future challenges: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 538, p. 275-295, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(12).","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-087117","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(12)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai‘i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.35354614257812,\n 19.330582575049508\n ],\n [\n -155.15853881835938,\n 19.330582575049508\n ],\n [\n -155.15853881835938,\n 19.47500813674322\n ],\n [\n -155.35354614257812,\n 19.47500813674322\n ],\n [\n -155.35354614257812,\n 19.330582575049508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"538","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02fa3e4b0fc368eb53947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200549,"text":"70200549 - 2018 - Phenology and abundance of Northern Tamarisk Beetle, Diorhabda carinulata affecting defoliation of Tamarix","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:31:10","indexId":"70200549","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T11:31:03","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5769,"text":"Southwestern Entomologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phenology and abundance of Northern Tamarisk Beetle, Diorhabda carinulata affecting defoliation of Tamarix","title":"Phenology and abundance of Northern Tamarisk Beetle, Diorhabda carinulata affecting defoliation of Tamarix","docAbstract":"Timing and spatial dynamics of tamarisk (Tamarix spp. L.) defoliation by the biological control agent Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) were evaluated. Relative abundance of D. carinulata and the phenology of tamarisk along the San Juan and Colorado rivers were recorded in 2011–2012. D. carinulata began reproducing in the spring when temperatures were >15°C. Variation in spring temperature-rise affected the timing of development of larvae of the first summer generation and initial defoliation of tamarisk at each site. Shortening day lengths in mid- to late-summer cued D. carinulata to enter reproductive diapause resulting in cessation of defoliation. The critical day length for inducing reproductive diapause was 33–47 minutes shorter than that of populations of D. carinulata released into North America in 2001. Variation in spring temperature-rise combined with timing of shortening day length resulted in differences in D. carinulata voltinism per site. During the active season, larvae were less likely to establish in areas where defoliation was >70%. Lack of reestablishment of larvae led to temporary loss of D. carinulata from the locations and allowed tamarisks to sprout new canopies. Defoliation of tamarisk was dictated by environmental cues and abundance of D. carinulata, and in turn large amounts of defoliation negatively affected abundance of D. carinulata.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Southwestern Entomologists","doi":"10.3958/059.043.0302","usgsCitation":"Jamison, L.R., Johnson, M.J., Bean, D.W., and van Riper, C., 2018, Phenology and abundance of Northern Tamarisk Beetle, Diorhabda carinulata affecting defoliation of Tamarix: Southwestern Entomologist, v. 43, no. 3, p. 571-584, https://doi.org/10.3958/059.043.0302.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"584","ipdsId":"IP-082249","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, San Juan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a952e4b034bf6a7e5143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamison, Levi R.","contributorId":204298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamison","given":"Levi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36908,"text":"SNRE University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":167197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bean, Dan W.","contributorId":210008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38046,"text":"Colorado State University?","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209687,"text":"70209687 - 2018 - Crustal inheritance and a top-down control on arc magmatism at Mount St Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-21T16:33:42.926204","indexId":"70209687","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T11:27:45","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal inheritance and a top-down control on arc magmatism at Mount St Helens","docAbstract":"In a subduction zone, the volcanic arc marks the location where magma, generated via flux melting in the mantle wedge, migrates through the crust and erupts. While the location of deep magma broadly defines the arc position, here we argue that crustal structures, identified in geophysical data from the Washington Cascades magmatic arc, are equally important in controlling magma ascent and defining the spatial distribution and compositional variability of erupted material. As imaged by a three-dimensional resistivity model, a broad lower-crustal mush zone containing 3–10% interconnected melt underlies this segment of the arc, interpreted to episodically feed upper-crustal magmatic systems and drive eruptions. Mount St Helens is fed by melt channelled around a mid-Tertiary batholith also imaged in the resistivity model and supported by potential–field data. Regionally, volcanism and seismicity are almost exclusive of the batholith, while at Mount St Helens, along its margin, the ascent of viscous felsic melt is enabled by deep-seated metasedimentary rocks. Both the anomalous forearc location and composition of St Helens magmas are products of this zone of localized extension along the batholith margin. This work is a compelling example of inherited structural control on local stress state and magmatism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41561-018-0217-2","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Bedrosian, P.A., Peacock, J., Bowles-Martinez, E., Schultz, A., and Hill, G., 2018, Crustal inheritance and a top-down control on arc magmatism at Mount St Helens: Nature Geoscience, v. 11, p. 865-870, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0217-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"870","ipdsId":"IP-097250","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.37396240234375,\n 46.02938880791639\n ],\n [\n -122.025146484375,\n 46.02938880791639\n ],\n [\n -122.025146484375,\n 46.403776166694634\n ],\n [\n -122.37396240234375,\n 46.403776166694634\n ],\n [\n -122.37396240234375,\n 46.02938880791639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":210082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowles-Martinez, Esteban","contributorId":224235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles-Martinez","given":"Esteban","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, Adam","contributorId":197380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Graham","contributorId":224236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Graham","affiliations":[{"id":40843,"text":"University of Canterbury - New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199110,"text":"70199110 - 2018 - Exploring the impacts of seagrass on coupled marsh-tidal flat morphodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T10:31:25","indexId":"70199110","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T10:31:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the impacts of seagrass on coupled marsh-tidal flat morphodynamics","docAbstract":"Intertidal coastal environments are prone to changes induced by sea level rise, increases in storminess, temperature, and anthropogenic disturbances. It is unclear how changes in external drivers may affect the dynamics of low energy coastal environments because their response is non-linear, and characterized by many thresholds and discontinuities. As such, process-based modeling of the ecogeomorphic processes underlying the dynamics of these ecosystems is useful, not only to predict their change through time, but also to generate new hypotheses and research questions. Here, we used a three-point dynamic model to investigate how seagrass might affect the behavior of coupled marsh-tidal flat systems. The model directly incorporates ecogeomorphological feedbacks among wind waves, salt marsh vegetation, allochthonous sediment loading, seagrasses and sea level rise. The model was applied to examine potential behaviors of salt marsh systems in the Virginia coastal bays. Differences due to the presence or absence of seagrass and stochastic vs. constant drivers lead to the emergence of complex behaviors in the coupled salt marsh-tidal flat system. In intertidal areas without seagrass, small tidal flats are unlikely to expand and provide enough sediment to the salt marshes to combat sea level rise. However, as the tidal flat expands, the concurrent increase in sediment supply due to wave-induced processes allows for the salt marsh to maintain pace with sea level at the expense of salt marsh extent. The presence of seagrass has two effects: (1) it decreases near bed shear stresses thus reducing the sediment flux to the salt marsh platform; (2) it reduces the wave energy acting on the salt marsh scarp, thus reducing boundary erosion. Model results indicate that the reductions in wave power and near bed shear stresses when seagrass is present provide an overall stabilizing effect on the coupled marsh-tidal flat system; but as water depth increases due to sea level rise or as external sediment supply increases, light conditions decline and the system reverts to that of a bare tidal flat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2018.00092","usgsCitation":"Carr, J., Mariotti, G., Fahgerazzi, S., McGlathery, K., and Wiberg, P., 2018, Exploring the impacts of seagrass on coupled marsh-tidal flat morphodynamics: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 6, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00092.","productDescription":"Article 92; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-098569","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00092","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26ae4b0702d0e842e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Joel A. 0000-0002-9164-4156 jcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-4156","contributorId":168645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Joel A.","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariotti, Giulio","contributorId":207541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mariotti","given":"Giulio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37557,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fahgerazzi, Sergio","contributorId":207542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fahgerazzi","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37558,"text":"Boston University, Boston MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGlathery, Karen","contributorId":207543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGlathery","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37559,"text":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiberg, Patricia","contributorId":207544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiberg","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[{"id":37559,"text":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229440,"text":"70229440 - 2018 - Ice-sheet modulation of deglacial North American monsoon intensification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-08T12:35:10.818298","indexId":"70229440","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-03T06:32:37","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice-sheet modulation of deglacial North American monsoon intensification","docAbstract":"The North American monsoon, the dominant source of rainfall for much of the arid US Southwest, remains one of the least understood monsoon systems. The late Pleistocene evolution of this monsoon is poorly constrained, largely because glacial changes in winter rainfall obscure summer monsoon signatures in many regional proxy records. Here, we develop deglacial records of monsoon strength from isotopic analyses of leaf wax biomarkers in marine sediment cores. Reconstructions indicate a regional decrease in monsoon rainfall during the Last Glacial Maximum, and that the deglacial trajectory of the North American monsoon closely tracks changes in North American ice cover. In climate model simulations, North American ice cover shifts the westerlies southwards, favouring the mixing of cold, dry air into the US Southwest. This process, known as ventilation, weakens the monsoon by diluting the energy fluxes required for convection. As the ice sheet retreats northwards, the monsoon strengthens, and local ocean conditions may play a larger role in regulating its intensity. We conclude that on glacial–interglacial timescales, ice-sheet-induced reorganizations of atmospheric circulation have a dominant influence on the North American monsoon.
This chapter summarizes the current knowledge in high-latitude (mostly permafrost) carbon storage and dynamics. Arctic and boreal regions contain large carbon stock, especially in permafrost soils. The factors that control carbon storage have been changing rapidly over the last several decades. As a result, this large carbon pool is highly vulnerable for carbon loss in a future warming climate. There are major needs to reconcile model and observations in assessing permafrost carbon balance and in understanding the importance of abrupt thaw of permafrost.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of the draft second state of the carbon cycle report (SOCCR2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"The National Academies Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.17226/25045","isbn":"978-0-309-47315-6","usgsCitation":"Schuur, T., McGuire, A.D., Romanovsky, V.E., Schadel, C., and Mack, M., 2018, Arctic and boreal carbon, chap. 11 of Review of the draft second state of the carbon cycle report (SOCCR2), https://doi.org/10.17226/25045.","ipdsId":"IP-085874","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26ae4b0702d0e842e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuur, Ted 0000-0002-1096-2436","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-2436","contributorId":206658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuur","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir E.","contributorId":40113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schadel, Christina","contributorId":202385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schadel","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36405,"text":"University of Northern Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mack, Michelle","contributorId":44275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198619,"text":"70198619 - 2018 - Interstate water management of a “hidden” resource - Physical principles of groundwater hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-02T18:11:20","indexId":"70198619","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-02T18:11:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interstate water management of a “hidden” resource - Physical principles of groundwater hydrology","docAbstract":"Groundwater systems are dynamic geologic environments in which water continuously flows from recharge areas to discharge areas at streams, springs, wetlands, coastal waters, and wells. Natural, predevelopment conditions within groundwater systems are changed by the introduction of wells and other human stresses that modify existing groundwater levels, flow paths, and hydrologic budgets. Groundwater serves the Nation as an important water supply, but in some instances such stresses can have adverse impacts that include excessive ground water-level declines, aquifer-storage reductions, and streamflow depletions. Many of the Nation’s aquifer systems extend over thousands of square miles and their hydrologic boundaries may be distant from jurisdictional boundaries that can be the focus of groundwater disputes. Effective interstate management of groundwater resources is benefited by an understanding of the regional-scale controls that affect groundwater conditions at the local scale. Numerical models are the most effective approach for accounting for all of the relevant hydrologic processes that affect groundwater systems and their response to natural and manmade stresses. This paper provides a brief background on some of the basic principles of groundwater hydrology that are relevant to interstate management of this important natural resource.
","conferenceTitle":"34th Water Law Conference","conferenceDate":"March 29-30, 2016","conferenceLocation":"Austin, TX","language":"English","publisher":"American Bar Association Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., 2018, Interstate water management of a “hidden” resource - Physical principles of groundwater hydrology, 34th Water Law Conference, Austin, TX, March 29-30, 2016, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-072301","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26ae4b0702d0e842e8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199090,"text":"70199090 - 2018 - Key morphological features favor the success of nonnative fish species under reduced turbidity conditions in the lower Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:20:08","indexId":"70199090","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-02T17:55:24","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Key morphological features favor the success of nonnative fish species under reduced turbidity conditions in the lower Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"As a result of anthropomorphic alterations to the lower Colorado River basin and other southwestern rivers, water turbidity has been greatly reduced and introduced, nonnative fishes thrive in these waterways. To quantify key morphological features that may allow nonnative fishes to displace native fishes, we compared eye diameter (a proxy for visual acuity) and maximum anatomical gape (a proxy for maximum prey size) in native and nonnative fishes of the lower Colorado River basin. In general, nonnative fishes have larger eyes and larger gapes relative to native fishes. Native invertivorous and piscivorous fishes may be at a particular disadvantage when compared with nonnative species from the same trophic guild because native midwater predators have proportionally smaller eyes and mouths. In the historically turbid conditions of the Colorado River, native fish likely had a limited ability to use vision to locate prey and avoid predators. Similarly, native fishes could not identify potential food items from a distance in turbid waters so suction‐based prey capture (where the predator is in close proximity to the prey) may have been favored over ram‐based prey capture (where fish swim from a distance to overtake prey). Many nonnative fish species have a large eye diameter and maximum anatomical gape; these features likely facilitate their ability to visually identify and capture large, elusive prey. These results suggest that the large eyes and large gapes of nonnative fishes make them superior predators and competitors in the clear, anthropomorphically altered southwestern rivers of the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10079","usgsCitation":"Moran, C.J., Ward, D.L., and Gibb, A.C., 2018, Key morphological features favor the success of nonnative fish species under reduced turbidity conditions in the lower Colorado River Basin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 147, no. 5, p. 948-958, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10079.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"958","ipdsId":"IP-073967","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Colorado River Basin","volume":"147","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26be4b0702d0e842e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Clinton J.","contributorId":207520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David L. 0000-0002-3355-0637 dlward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":3879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dlward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibb, Alice C.","contributorId":207521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibb","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197638,"text":"70197638 - 2018 - Geologic map of the Timberville quadrangle, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T10:18:26","indexId":"70197638","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-02T11:07:52","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5737,"text":"Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"186","title":"Geologic map of the Timberville quadrangle, Virginia","docAbstract":"This map of the Timberville 7.5-minute quadrangle in Rockingham and Shenandoah counties, Virginia shows the distribution of Paleozoic-age sedimentary rocks in map and cross-section. Surficial deposits including alluvium and colluvium are also shown. The characteristics of each map unit are described and a brief report discusses the stratigraphy, structure and mineral resources of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Division of Geology and Mineral Resources","usgsCitation":"Heller, M.J., Orndorff, R.C., Hubbard, D., and Rader, E.K., 2018, Geologic map of the Timberville quadrangle, Virginia: Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy Publication 186, Sheet: 54.38 x 35.99 inches.","productDescription":"Sheet: 54.38 x 35.99 inches","ipdsId":"IP-092548","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355048,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/commerce/ProductDetails.aspx?productID=2991"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Rockingham County, Shenandoah County","otherGeospatial":"Timberville Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.875,\n 38.625\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 38.625\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -78.875,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -78.875,\n 38.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26be4b0702d0e842e90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heller, Matthew J.","contributorId":205633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33611,"text":"Virginia Division of Geology and Mineral Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":738007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":738008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubbard, David A.","contributorId":62540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbard","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rader, Eugene K.","contributorId":58228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rader","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198737,"text":"70198737 - 2018 - Burrowing owls: Happy urbanite or disgruntled tenant?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-01T22:30:18","indexId":"70198737","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-01T22:30:14","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Burrowing owls: Happy urbanite or disgruntled tenant?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
A frequent assumption in ecology is that biotic interactions are more important than abiotic factors in determining lower elevational range limits (i.e., the “warm edge” of a species distribution). However, for species with narrow environmental tolerances, theory suggests the presence of a strong environmental gradient can lead to persistence, even in the presence of competition. The relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors is rarely considered together, although understanding when one exerts a dominant influence on controlling range limits may be crucial to predicting extinction risk under future climate conditions. We sampled multiple transects spanning the elevational range limit of Plethodon shenandoah and site and climate covariates were recorded. A two‐species conditional occupancy model, accommodating heterogeneity in detection probability, was used to relate variation in occupancy with environmental and habitat conditions. Regional climate data were combined with datalogger observations to estimate the cloud base heights and to project future climate change impacts on cloud elevations across the survey area. By simultaneously accounting for species’ interactions and habitat variables, we find that elevation, not competition, is strongly correlated with the lower elevation range boundary, which had been presumed to be restricted mainly as a result of competitive interactions with a congener. Because the lower elevational range limit is sensitive to climate variables, projected climate change across its high‐elevation habitats will directly affect the species’ distribution. Testing assumptions of factors that set species range limits should use models which accommodate detection biases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4198","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E.H., Brand, A.B., De Wekker, S.F., Lee, T.R., and Wofford, J.E., 2018, Evidence that climate sets the lower elevation range limit in a high‐elevation endemic salamander: Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 15, p. 7553-7562, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4198.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7553","endPage":"7562","ipdsId":"IP-074867","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4198","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","volume":"8","issue":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26be4b0702d0e842e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brand, Adrianne B. 0000-0003-2664-0041 abrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-0041","contributorId":3352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Adrianne","email":"abrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Wekker, Stephan F. J.","contributorId":90958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Wekker","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"F. J.","affiliations":[{"id":27696,"text":"Univ. of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Temple R.","contributorId":207484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Temple","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25492,"text":"University of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":743934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wofford, John E. B.","contributorId":38951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199087,"text":"70199087 - 2018 - Thresholds and relations for soil‐hydraulic and soil‐physical properties as a function of burn severity 4 years after the 2011 Las Conchas Fire, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-01T20:00:48","indexId":"70199087","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-01T20:00:41","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thresholds and relations for soil‐hydraulic and soil‐physical properties as a function of burn severity 4 years after the 2011 Las Conchas Fire, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Wildfire effects on soil‐physical and ‐hydraulic properties as a function of burn severity are poorly characterized, especially several years after wildfire. A stratified random sampling approach was used in 2015 to sample seven sites representing a spectrum of remotely sensed burn severity in the area impacted by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in New Mexico, USA. Replicate samples from each site were analysed in the laboratory. Linear and linear indicator regression were used to assess thresholds in soil‐physical and ‐hydraulic properties and functional relations with remotely sensed burn severity. Significant thresholds were present for initial soil‐water content (θi) at 0–6 cm depth between the change in the Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) equal to 618–802, for bulk density (ρb) at 3–6 cm between dNBR equal to 416–533, for gravel fraction at 0–1 cm between dNBR equal to 416–533, for fines (the silt + clay fraction) at 0–1 cm for dNBR equal to 416–533, and for fines at 3–6 cm for dNBR equal to 293–416. Significant linear relations with dNBR were present between ρb at 0–1 cm, loss on ignition (LOI) at 0–1 cm, gravel fraction at 0–1 cm, and the large organic fraction at 1–3 cm. No thresholds or effects on soil‐hydraulic properties of field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity or sorptivity were observed. These results suggest that ρb and LOI at 0–1 cm have residual direct impacts from the wildfire heat impulse. The θi threshold is most likely from delayed groundcover/vegetation recovery that increases evaporation at the highest burn severity sites. Gravel and silt + clay thresholds at 0–1 cm at the transition to high burn severity suggest surface gravel lag development from hydraulic erosion. Thresholds in ρb from 3 to 6 cm and in silt + clay fraction from 3 to 6 cm appear to be the result of soil variability between sites rather than wildfire impacts. This work suggests that gravel‐rich soils may have increased resilience to sustained surface runoff generation and erosion following wildfire, with implications for assessments of postwildfire hydrologic and erosion recovery potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13167","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., Romero, O.C., and Martin, D.A., 2018, Thresholds and relations for soil‐hydraulic and soil‐physical properties as a function of burn severity 4 years after the 2011 Las Conchas Fire, New Mexico, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 32, no. 14, p. 2263-2278, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13167.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2263","endPage":"2278","ipdsId":"IP-089035","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","volume":"32","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26be4b0702d0e842e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romero, Orlando C. 0000-0003-0162-0239 ocromero@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-0239","contributorId":5077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"Orlando","email":"ocromero@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199088,"text":"70199088 - 2018 - Field and laboratory hydraulic characterization of landslide-prone soils in the Oregon Coast Range and implications for hydrologic simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T19:48:10.063873","indexId":"70199088","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-01T17:41:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field and laboratory hydraulic characterization of landslide-prone soils in the Oregon Coast Range and implications for hydrologic simulation","docAbstract":"Unsaturated zone flow processes are an important focus of landslide hazard estimation. Differences in soil hydraulic behavior between wetting and drying conditions (i.e., hydraulic hysteresis) may be important in landslide triggering. Hydraulic hysteresis can complicate soil hydraulic parameter estimates and impact prediction capability. This investigation focused on hydraulic property estimation for soil in a landslide‐prone area where the relative importance of hysteresis is unclear. Laboratory measurements of soil‐water retention from field soils in the Oregon Coast Range during wetting and drying show that pronounced hydraulic hysteresis is present. In contrast, a 4‐yr field data record of pore‐water pressure and soil‐water content from multiple soil pits at the same landslide‐prone area shows relatively minor hydraulic hysteresis compared with the laboratory estimates. Simulated subsurface hydrologic response parameterized using estimates from field data more closely matched hydrologic observations relative to model parameterization based on laboratory analysis of repacked soil samples. Our results suggest that (i) unsaturated hydraulic parameter estimates based on in situ field data, as opposed to laboratory measurements alone, may lead to more accurate simulation of the hydrologic response to rainfall, (ii) in situ data of soil‐water retention may need to include values at both high suctions and near saturation to improve estimates of soil hydraulic parameters for slope failure applications, and (iii) laboratory measurements of soil‐water retention made under dynamic conditions may overestimate hydraulic hysteresis.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2018.04.0078","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., Godt, J.W., Lu, N., Coe, J.A., Smith, J.B., and Baum, R.L., 2018, Field and laboratory hydraulic characterization of landslide-prone soils in the Oregon Coast Range and implications for hydrologic simulation: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 17, 180078, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.04.0078.","productDescription":"180078, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098356","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.04.0078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379661,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2136/vzj2018.04.0078"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.617919921875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -122.67333984374999,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -122.67333984374999,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -124.617919921875,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -124.617919921875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a26ce4b0702d0e842e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202270,"text":"70202270 - 2018 - The relationship between invader abundance and impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T16:26:05","indexId":"70202270","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-01T16:25:58","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between invader abundance and impact","docAbstract":"The impacts of invasive species generally increase with their abundance, but the form of invader abundance–impact relationships remain poorly described. We highlight the utility of abundance–impact curves for three questions. First, abundance–impact relationships can clarify whether prevention and management should focus on the species likely to become abundant or those likely to cause large impacts per individual. Second, comparing abundance–impact relationships between native and exotic species can reveal any systematic differences in their effects on ecological systems. Third, identifying any thresholds in the relationship between invader impact and abundance can be used to select management targets and design invasive species control strategies. With increasing extent and resolution of datasets of invasive organisms worldwide, we now have the opportunity to explore in detail the form and context dependence of the abundance–impact relationship. Doing so provides opportunities to improve the prediction of invader impact, to better understand the differences between exotic and resident organisms, and to scale the impacts of invasive species from localities to ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2415","usgsCitation":"Sofaer, H., Jarnevich, C.S., and Pearse, I.S., 2018, The relationship between invader abundance and impact: Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 9, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2415.","productDescription":"Article e02415; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-099836","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2415","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sofaer, Helen 0000-0002-9450-5223 hsofaer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5223","contributorId":169118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sofaer","given":"Helen","email":"hsofaer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":757571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495 ipearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":196309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","email":"ipearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202400,"text":"70202400 - 2018 - Resilience and resistance in sagebrush ecosystems are associated with seasonal soil temperature and water availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T15:38:32","indexId":"70202400","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-01T15:38:26","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience and resistance in sagebrush ecosystems are associated with seasonal soil temperature and water availability","docAbstract":"Invasion and dominance of exotic grasses and increased fire frequency threaten native ecosystems worldwide. In the Great Basin region of the western United States, woody and herbaceous fuel treatments are implemented to decrease the effects of wildfire and increase sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem resilience to disturbance and resistance to exotic annual grasses. High cover of the exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) after treatments increases fine fuels, which in turn increases the risk of passing over a biotic threshold to a state of increased wildfire frequency and conversion to cheatgrass dominance. Sagebrush ecosystem resilience to wildfire and resistance to cheatgrass depend on climatic conditions and abundance of perennial herbaceous species that compete with cheatgrass. In this study, we used longer‐term data to evaluate the relationships among soil climate conditions, perennial herbaceous cover, and cheatgrass cover following fuel management treatments across the environmental gradients that characterize sagebrush ecosystems in the Great Basin. We examined the effects of woody and herbaceous fuel treatments on soil temperature, soil water availability (13–30 and 50 cm depths), and native and exotic plant cover on six sagebrush sites lacking piñon (Pinus spp.) or juniper (Juniperus spp.) tree expansion and 11 sagebrush sites with tree expansion. Both prescribed fire and mechanical treatments increased soil water availability on woodland sites and perennial herbaceous cover on some woodland and sagebrush sites. Prescribed fire also slightly increased soil temperatures and especially increased cheatgrass cover compared to no treatment and mechanical treatments on most sites. Non‐metric dimensional scaling ordination and decision tree partition analysis indicated that sites with warmer late springs and warmer and wetter falls had higher cover of cheatgrass. Sites with wetter winters and early springs (March–April) had higher cover of perennial herbs. Our findings suggest that site resistance to cheatgrass after fire and fuel control treatments decreases with a warmer and drier climate. This emphasizes the need for management actions to maintain and enhance perennial herb cover, such as implementing appropriate grazing management, and revegetating sites that have low abundance of perennial herbs in conjunction with fuel control treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2417","usgsCitation":"Roundy, B.A., Chambers, J.C., Pyke, D.A., Miller, R.F., Tausch, R.J., Schupp, E.W., Rau, B., and Gruell, T., 2018, Resilience and resistance in sagebrush ecosystems are associated with seasonal soil temperature and water availability: Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 9, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2417.","productDescription":"e02417; 27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-098436","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2417","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roundy, Bruce A.","contributorId":178261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roundy","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":178256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Richard F.","contributorId":178258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tausch, Robin J.","contributorId":213637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tausch","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":178262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rau, Benjamin","contributorId":213638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rau","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gruell, Trevor","contributorId":213639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gruell","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}