{"pageNumber":"803","pageRowStart":"20050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":97200,"text":"sir20085190 - 2008 - Natural and Human Influences on Water Quality in a Shallow Regional Unconsolidated Aquifer, Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20085190","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5190","title":"Natural and Human Influences on Water Quality in a Shallow Regional Unconsolidated Aquifer, Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Data collected from more than 400 wells in the surficial unconfined aquifer in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (New York through North Carolina) were compiled and analyzed to improve understanding of multiple natural and human influences on water quality in such shallow regional aquifers. Geochemical patterns were identified and described through principal components analysis on major ions, and correlation and logistic regression were used to relate observed concentrations of nitrate and selected pesticide compounds (atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and deethylatrazine, an atrazine degradate) and volatile organic compounds (chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachlorethene, and methyl tert-butyl ether) to likely influences, such as observed geochemical patterns, land use, hydrogeology, and soils. Variability in major-ion concentrations is primarily related to ionic strength and redox condition. Concentrations of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds are related to natural conditions, as well as the distribution of likely sources reflected in land use. Nitrate is most common in aerobic ground water and in relatively well-drained areas, for example; concentrations greater than 0.4 milligrams per liter may result from a variety of human activities, although concentrations greater than 3 milligrams per liter are more likely in agricultural areas. Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and metolachlor also are related to geochemical patterns, likely because ground-water geochemistry reflects hydrogeologic and soil conditions affecting pesticide transport to the water table. Results demonstrate the value of geochemical information along with the distribution of sources and other influences to understanding the regional occurrence of selected compounds in ground water. Such influences are not unique to the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, and thus observations and interpretations are relevant to broader areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085190","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., 2008, Natural and Human Influences on Water Quality in a Shallow Regional Unconsolidated Aquifer, Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5190, viii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085190.","productDescription":"viii, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,32 ], [ -81,43 ], [ -70,43 ], [ -70,32 ], [ -81,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97204,"text":"tm6A28 - 2008 - User Guide and Documentation for Five MODFLOW Ground-Water Modeling Utility Programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"tm6A28","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A28","title":"User Guide and Documentation for Five MODFLOW Ground-Water Modeling Utility Programs","docAbstract":"This report documents five utility programs designed for use in conjunction with ground-water flow models developed with the U.S. Geological Survey's MODFLOW ground-water modeling program. One program extracts calculated flow values from one model for use as input to another model. The other four programs extract model input or output arrays from one model and make them available in a form that can be used to generate an ArcGIS raster data set. The resulting raster data sets may be useful for visual display of the data or for further geographic data processing.\r\n\r\nThe utility program GRID2GRIDFLOW reads a MODFLOW binary output file of cell-by-cell flow terms for one (source) model grid and converts the flow values to input flow values for a different (target) model grid. The spatial and temporal discretization of the two models may differ. \r\n\r\nThe four other utilities extract selected 2-dimensional data arrays in MODFLOW input and output files and write them to text files that can be imported into an ArcGIS geographic information system raster format. These four utilities require that the model cells be square and aligned with the projected coordinate system in which the model grid is defined. The four raster-conversion utilities are\r\n\r\n* CBC2RASTER, which extracts selected stress-package flow data from a MODFLOW binary output file of cell-by-cell flows;\r\n\r\n* DIS2RASTER, which extracts cell-elevation data from a MODFLOW Discretization file;\r\n\r\n* MFBIN2RASTER, which extracts array data from a MODFLOW binary output file of head or drawdown; and\r\n\r\n* MULT2RASTER, which extracts array data from a MODFLOW Multiplier file.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A28","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Banta, E., Paschke, S.S., and Litke, D.W., 2008, User Guide and Documentation for Five MODFLOW Ground-Water Modeling Utility Programs (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A28, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A28.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a28.gif"},{"id":12185,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06A28/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdb56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litke, David W.","contributorId":19145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97202,"text":"sir20085087 - 2008 - Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20085087","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5087","title":"Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression","docAbstract":"Water levels beneath parts of Averill Park, a residential hamlet in an upland area of till-mantled shale bedrock in east-central New York, have declined in response to increased withdrawals from new wells. Similar experiences in many upland localities in the northeastern United States have resulted in awareness that the rate of recharge to bedrock can be an important constraint on the density of new development in uplands. Recharge at Averill Park was calculated on the basis of careful estimation of pumpage within a defined cone of depression. The data-collection and recharge-estimation procedures documented herein could be applied in a variety of upland localities in support of community-planning studies.\r\n\r\nStatic water levels measured in 145 wells at Averill Park during the late summer of 2002 defined a 0.54-square-mile cone of depression within which ground-water discharge took place entirely as withdrawals from wells. Rates of withdrawal were estimated largely from surveys in similar neighborhoods a few miles away served by public water supply. Comparison of the water-level measurements in 2002 with measurements on other dates revealed localized declines that could be attributed to new housing developments or commercial demands, but also demonstrated that water levels in 2002 within the cone of depression had stabilized and were not declining persistently over time. Therefore, the current withdrawals were equated to recharge from infiltrating precipitation. Recharge within this area was estimated to average 104 gallons per day per acre, equivalent to 1.4 inches annually, and was sufficient to sustain a residential population of 1.9 persons per acre. This recharge rate is much lower than rates estimated from streamflow records for upland watersheds elsewhere in the northeastern United States. This rate is an average of an unknown larger rate in the 30 percent of the study area where bedrock is discontinuously overlain by less than 30 feet of till and an unknown smaller rate in the remainder of the area where bedrock is overlain by thick till in the form of drumlins. The spatial variation in rate of recharge is inferred from the fact that high heads and strong downward gradients in bedrock, and very hard water with high chloride concentrations caused by winter highway runoff, are largely restricted to the area of discontinuous, thin till.\r\n\r\nWells less than 180 feet deep and distant from highways typically yield water of moderate hardness (50-170 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate) that is caused by dissolution of limestone fragments in the till. Some wells that are more than 180 feet deep yield very soft water (0-50 milligrams per liter) with high pH and high sodium concentrations resulting from ion exchange within the bedrock. Nearly all wells in some areas of thick till yield very soft water.\r\n\r\nMost wells near the center of Averill Park yield less than 3 gallons per minute. The likelihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is calculated to be about 25 percent. Most wells west and southwest of the center yield at least 3 gallons per minute, and the liklihood of obtaining an additional 2 gallons per minute or more by drilling deeper than 200 feet is about 50 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085087","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., and Finch, A., 2008, Recharge to Shale Bedrock at Averill Park, an Upland Hamlet in Eastern New York - An Estimate Based on Pumpage within a Defined Cone of Depression: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5087, Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085087.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 79 p.; 3 Plates: each 18 x 24 inches; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":206,"text":"Cooperative Water Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.65 ], [ -73.53361111111111,42.61694444444444 ], [ -73.56694444444445,42.61694444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64499a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, Anne","contributorId":27088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97198,"text":"ofr20081363 - 2008 - Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20081363","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1363","title":"Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program (BBP) from 1932 to 1972. More than 2 million bands were issued during the program, of which approximately 1.5 million bands were applied to 36 bat species by scientists in many locations in North America including the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Central America. Throughout the BBP, banders noticed numerous and deleterious effects on bats, leading to a moratorium on bat banding by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and a resolution to cease banding by the American Society of Mammalogists in 1973. One of the main points of the memorandum written to justify the moratorium was to conduct a 'detailed evaluation of the files of the bat-banding program.' However, a critical and detailed evaluation of the BBP was never completed. In an effort to satisfy this need, I compiled a detailed history of the BBP by examining the files and conducting a literature review on bat banding activities during the program. I also provided a case study in managing data and applying current mark-recapture theory to estimate survival using the information from a series of bat bands issued to Clyde M. Senger during the BBP. The majority of bands applied by Senger were to Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), a species of special concern for many states within its geographic range. I developed a database management system for the bat banding records and then analyzed and modeled survival of hibernating Townsend's big-eared bats at three main locations in Washington State using Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) open models and the modeling capabilities of Program MARK. This analysis of a select dataset in the BBP files provided relatively precise estimates of survival for wintering Townsend's big-eared bats. However, this dataset is unique due to its well-maintained and complete state and because there were high recapture rates over the course of banding; it is doubtful that other unpublished datasets of the same quality exist buried in the BBP files for further analyses. Lastly, I make several recommendations based on the findings of this summary and analysis, the most important of which is that marking bats with standard metal or split-ring forearm bands should not be considered for mark-recapture studies unless the information sought and the potential for obtaining unbiased estimates from that information vastly outweighs the potential negative effects to the bats.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081363","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., 2008, Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1363, vi, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081363.","productDescription":"vi, 117 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97195,"text":"sir20085002 - 2008 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:13:26.180599","indexId":"sir20085002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5002","displayTitle":"Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, Using Variable-Direction Anisotropy in Hydraulic Conductivity to Represent Bedrock Structure","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow was simulated using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent the folded, fractured sedimentary rocks that underlie the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia and West Virginia. The anisotropy is a consequence of the orientations of fractures that provide preferential flow paths through the rock, such that the direction of maximum hydraulic conductivity is oriented within bedding planes, which generally strike N30 deg E; the direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity is perpendicular to the bedding. The finite-element model SUTRA was used to specify variable directions of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor in order to represent changes in the strike and dip of the bedding throughout the valley.\r\n\r\nThe folded rocks in the valley are collectively referred to as the Massanutten synclinorium, which contains about a 5-km thick section of clastic and carbonate rocks. For the model, the bedrock was divided into four units: a 300-m thick top unit with 10 equally spaced layers through which most ground water is assumed to flow, and three lower units each containing 5 layers of increasing thickness that correspond to the three major rock units in the valley: clastic, carbonate and metamorphic rocks. A separate zone in the carbonate rocks that is overlain by colluvial gravel - called the western-toe carbonate unit - was also distinguished.\r\n\r\nHydraulic-conductivity values were estimated through model calibration for each of the four rock units, using data from 354 wells and 23 streamflow-gaging stations. Conductivity tensors for metamorphic and western-toe carbonate rocks were assumed to be isotropic, while conductivity tensors for carbonate and clastic rocks were assumed to be anisotropic. The directions of the conductivity tensor for carbonate and clastic rocks were interpolated for each mesh element from a stack of 'form surfaces' that provided a three-dimensional representation of bedrock structure. Model simulations were run with (1) variable strike and dip, in which conductivity tensors were aligned with the strike and dip of the bedding, and (2) uniform strike in which conductivity tensors were assumed to be horizontally isotropic with the maximum conductivity direction parallel to the N30 deg E axis of the valley and the minimum conductivity direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Simulated flow penetrated deeper into the aquifer system with the uniform-strike tensor than with the variable-strike-and-dip tensor. Sensitivity analyses suggest that additional information on recharge rates would increase confidence in the estimated parameter values.\r\n\r\nTwo applications of the model were conducted - the first, to determine depth of recent ground-water flow by simulating the distribution of ground-water ages, showed that most shallow ground water is less than 10 years old. Ground-water age distributions computed by variable-strike-and-dip and uniform-strike models were similar, but differed beneath Massanutten Mountain in the center of the valley. The variable-strike-and-dip model simulated flow from west to east parallel to the bedding of the carbonate rocks beneath Massanutten Mountain, while the uniform-strike model, in which flow was largely controlled by topography, simulated this same area as an east-west ground-water divide. The second application, which delineated capture zones for selected well fields in the valley, showed that capture zones delineated with both models were similar in plan view, but differed in vertical extent. Capture zones simulated by the variable-strike-and-dip model extended downdip with the bedding of carbonate rock and were relatively shallow, while those simulated by the uniform-strike model extended to the bottom of the flow system, which is unrealistic. These results suggest that simulations of ground-water flow through folded fractured rock can be constructed using SUTRA to represent variable orientations of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor and produce a","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085002","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Southworth, S.C., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5002, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085002.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/pdf/SIR2008-5002.pdf"},{"id":122425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5002.jpg"},{"id":420918,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86266.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,40 ], [ -77.5,40 ], [ -77.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southworth, Scott C.","contributorId":93348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97182,"text":"sir20085148 - 2008 - Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:22:37.046315","indexId":"sir20085148","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5148","title":"Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury in precipitation was monitored during 2004–2005 at five locations in Indiana as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program–Mercury Deposition Network (NADP–MDN). Monitoring stations were operated at Roush Lake near Huntington, Clifty Falls State Park near Madison, Fort Harrison State Park near Indianapolis, Monroe County Regional Airport near Bloomington, and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore near Porter. At these monitoring stations, precipitation amounts were measured continuously and weekly samples were collected for analysis of mercury by methods achieving detection limits as low as 0.05 ng/L (nanograms per liter). Wet deposition was computed as the product of mercury concentration and precipitation. The data were analyzed for seasonal patterns, temporal trends, and geographic differences.</p><p>In the 2 years, 520 weekly samples were collected at the 5 monitoring stations and 448 of these samples had sufficient precipitation to compute mercury wet deposition. The 2-year mean mercury concentration at the five monitoring stations (normalized to the sample volume) was 10.6 ng/L. As a reference for comparison, the total mercury concentration in 41 percent of the samples analyzed was greater than the statewide Indiana water-quality standard for mercury (12 ng/L, protecting aquatic life) and 99 percent of the concentrations exceeded the most conservative Indiana water-quality criterion (1.3 ng/L, protecting wild mammals and birds). The normalized annual mercury concentration at Clifty Falls in 2004 was the fourth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America that year. In 2005, the mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls and Indiana Dunes were the ninth highest in the NADP–MDN in eastern North America.</p><p>At the five monitoring stations during the study period, the mean weekly total mercury deposition was 0.208 µg/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(micrograms per square meter) and mean annual total mercury deposition was 10.8 µg/m<sup>2</sup>. The annual mercury deposition at Clifty Falls in 2004 and 2005 was in the top 25 percent of the NADP–MDN stations in eastern North America.</p><p>Mercury concentrations and deposition varied at the five monitoring stations during 2004–2005. Mercury concentrations in wet-deposition samples ranged from 1.2 to 116.6 ng/L and weekly mercury deposition ranged from 0.002 to 1.74 µg/m<sup>2</sup>. Data from weekly samples exhibited seasonal patterns. During April through September, total mercury concentrations and deposition were higher than the median for all samples. Annual precipitation at four of the five monitoring stations was within 10 percent of normal both years, with the exception of Indiana Dunes, where precipitation was 23 percent below normal in 2005.</p><p>Episodes of high mercury deposition, which were the top 10 percent of weekly mercury deposition at the five monitoring stations, contributed 39 percent of all mercury deposition during 2004–2005. Mercury deposition more than 1.04 µg/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(5 times the mean weekly deposition) was recorded for 12 samples. These episodes of highest mercury deposition were recorded at all five monitoring stations, but the most (7 of 12) were at Clifty Falls and contributed 34.4 percent of the total deposition at that station during 2004–2005. Weekly samples with high mercury deposition may help to explain the differences in annual mercury deposition among the five monitoring stations in Indiana.</p><p>A statistical evaluation of the monitoring data for 2001–2005 indicated several statistically significant temporal trends. A statewide (5-station) decrease (p = 0.007) in mercury deposition and a statewide decrease (p = 0.059) in mercury concentration were shown. Decreases in mercury deposition (p = 0.061 and p = 0.083) were observed at Roush Lake and Bloomington. A statistically significant trend was not observed for precipitation at the five monitoring stations during this 5-year period. A potential explanation for part of the statewide decrease in mercury concentration and mercury deposition was a 28 percent decrease in the total estimated annual mercury emissions in Indiana between 2002 and 2005.</p><p>Mercury deposition statistically was correlated most closely to precipitation in the 448 samples, 2004–2005, and this relation was demonstrated by statewide maps of annual precipitation and annual mercury deposition based on precipitation data from 127 National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program stations. However, one area in southeastern Indiana in the vicinity of Clifty Falls exhibited high mercury deposition that might be related more to mercury concentration than to precipitation. This is because areas with the same range of precipitation as southeastern Indiana were mapped with less mercury deposition.</p><p>Other data demonstrate a geographic difference for mercury in precipitation in the vicinity of the Clifty Falls monitoring station. The weekly mercury concentrations at Clifty Falls were statistically higher than concentrations at Roush Lake, Fort Harrison, and Bloomington. Clifty Falls data ranked highest among the five monitoring stations for mercury concentration and mercury deposition, 2004–2005, and in the previous 3&nbsp;years. Episodes of high mercury deposition were recorded most often at Clifty Falls in 2004–2005 and in the previous 3&nbsp;years. Statistical trends in mercury concentration or mercury deposition were not observed for the Clifty Falls data. A potential explanation for this geographic difference is that annual mercury emissions from sources in the vicinity of Clifty Falls were higher than those at the other stations. Other factors may help explain the differences in total mercury concentrations, such as the types of mercury emissions, mercury transport from stationary sources outside Indiana, and meteorological conditions. Additional data are needed to assign a localized or regional boundary to the area affected by high deposition of mercury near Clifty Falls.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., and Fowler, K.K., 2008, Mercury in precipitation in Indiana, January 2004–December 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5148, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085148.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97188,"text":"tm2B1 - 2008 - Weather and Climate Monitoring Protocol, Channel Islands National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"tm2B1","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-B1","title":"Weather and Climate Monitoring Protocol, Channel Islands National Park, California","docAbstract":"Weather and climate are strong drivers of population dynamics, plant and animal spatial distributions, community interactions, and ecosystem states. Information on local weather and climate is crucial in interpreting trends and patterns in the natural environment for resource management, research, and visitor enjoyment. This document describes the weather and climate monitoring program at the Channel Islands National Park (fig. 1), initiated in the 1990s. Manual and automated stations, which continue to evolve as technology changes, are being used for this program. The document reviews the history of weather data collection on each of the five Channel Islands National Park islands, presents program administrative structure, and provides an overview of procedures for data collection, archival, retrieval, and reporting. This program overview is accompanied by the 'Channel Islands National Park Remote Automated Weather Station Field Handbook' and the 'Channel Islands National Park Ranger Weather Station Field Handbook'. These Handbooks are maintained separately at the Channel Island National Park as 'live documents' that are updated as needed to provide a current working manual of weather and climate monitoring procedures. They are available on request from the Weather Program Manager (Channel Islands National Park, 1901 Spinnaker Dr., Ventura, CA 93001; 805.658.5700). The two Field Handbooks describe in detail protocols for managing the four remote automated weather stations (RAWS) and the seven manual Ranger Weather Stations on the islands, including standard operating procedures for equipment maintenance and calibration; manufacturer operating manuals; data retrieval and archiving; metada collection and archival; and local, agency, and vendor contracts.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 1 of Section B, Climatological Science, Book 2, Collection of Environmental Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm2B1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., Power, P., Dye, L., and Rudolph, R., 2008, Weather and Climate Monitoring Protocol, Channel Islands National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-B1, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2B1.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_2_b1.png"},{"id":12172,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm2b1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,32 ], [ -121,35 ], [ -116,35 ], [ -116,32 ], [ -121,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6857f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","contributorId":2411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, Paula","contributorId":38253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"Paula","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dye, Linda","contributorId":10896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudolph, Rocky","contributorId":11731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"Rocky","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97183,"text":"ofr20081307 - 2008 - Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:44:30","indexId":"ofr20081307","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1307","title":"Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007","docAbstract":"Ground-water availability in Brunswick County, North Carolina, has been monitored continuously since 2000 through the operation and maintenance of ground-water-level observation wells in the surficial, Castle Hayne, Peedee, and Black Creek aquifers of the North Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system. Ground-water-resource conditions for the Brunswick County area were determined by relating the period-of-record normal (25th to 75th percentile) monthly mean groundwater- level and precipitation data to median monthly mean ground-water levels and monthly sum of daily precipitation for water year 2007. Summaries of precipitation and ground-water conditions for the Brunswick County area and hydrographs and statistics of continuous ground-water levels collected during the 2007 water year are presented in this report. Ground-water resource conditions varied by aquifer and geographic location within Brunswick County. Water levels were normal in 6 of the 11 observation wells, above normal in 1 well, and below normal in the remaining 4 wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Brunswick County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., 2008, Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1307, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081307.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Brunswick County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69953f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97187,"text":"ofr20081370 - 2008 - Using logistic regression to predict a probability of debris flows in areas burned by wildfires, southern California, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T20:48:54.844691","indexId":"ofr20081370","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1370","title":"Using logistic regression to predict a probability of debris flows in areas burned by wildfires, southern California, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"Logistic regression was used to develop statistical models that can be used to predict the probability of debris flows in areas recently burned by wildfires by using data from 14 wildfires that burned in southern California during 2003-2006. Twenty-eight independent variables describing the basin morphology, burn severity, rainfall, and soil properties of 306 drainage basins located within those burned areas were evaluated. The models were developed as follows: (1) Basins that did and did not produce debris flows soon after the 2003 to 2006 fires were delineated from data in the National Elevation Dataset using a geographic information system; (2) Data describing the basin morphology, burn severity, rainfall, and soil properties were compiled for each basin. These data were then input to a statistics software package for analysis using logistic regression; and (3) Relations between the occurrence or absence of debris flows and the basin morphology, burn severity, rainfall, and soil properties were evaluated, and five multivariate logistic regression models were constructed. All possible combinations of independent variables were evaluated to determine which combinations produced the most effective models, and the multivariate models that best predicted the occurrence of debris flows were identified. Percentage of high burn severity and 3-hour peak rainfall intensity were significant variables in all models. Soil organic matter content and soil clay content were significant variables in all models except Model 5. Soil slope was a significant variable in all models except Model 4. The most suitable model can be selected from these five models on the basis of the availability of independent variables in the particular area of interest and field checking of probability maps. The multivariate logistic regression models can be entered into a geographic information system, and maps showing the probability of debris flows can be constructed in recently burned areas of southern California. This study demonstrates that logistic regression is a valuable tool for developing models that predict the probability of debris flows occurring in recently burned landscapes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081370","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., and Helsel, D., 2008, Using logistic regression to predict a probability of debris flows in areas burned by wildfires, southern California, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1370, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081370.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1370/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86263.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.047607421875,\n              32.704111144407406\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02685546875,\n              32.704111144407406\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02685546875,\n              34.89494244739732\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.047607421875,\n              34.89494244739732\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.047607421875,\n              32.704111144407406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97190,"text":"sir20065008 - 2008 - Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:23:20","indexId":"sir20065008","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5008","title":"Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03","docAbstract":"This report documents water quality in Camp Far West Reservoir from October 2001 through August 2003. The reservoir, located at approximately 300 feet above sea level in the foothills of the northwestern Sierra Nevada, California, is a monomictic lake characterized by extreme drawdown in the late summer and fall. Thermal stratification in summer and fall is coupled with anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion. Water-quality sampling was done at approximately 3-month intervals on eight occasions at several stations in the reservoir, including a group of three stations along a flow path in the reservoir: an upstream station in the Bear River arm (principal tributary), a mid-reservoir station in the thalweg (prereservoir river channel), and a station in the deepest part of the reservoir, in the thalweg near Camp Far West Dam. Stations in other tributary arms of the reservoir included those in the Rock Creek arm of the reservoir, a relatively low-flow tributary, and the Dairy Farm arm, a small tributary that receives acidic, metal-rich drainage seasonally from the inactive Dairy Farm Mine, which produced copper, zinc, and gold from underground workings and a surface pit.\r\n\r\nSeveral water-quality constituents varied significantly by season at all sampling stations, including major cations and anions, total mercury (filtered and unfiltered samples), nitrogen (ammonia plus organic), and total phosphorus. A strong seasonal signal also was observed for the sulfurisotope composition of aqueous sulfate from filtered water. Although there were some spatial differences in water quality, the seasonal variations were more profound. Concentrations of total mercury (filtered and unfiltered water) were highest during fall and winter; these concentrations decreased at most stations during spring and summer. Anoxic conditions developed in deep parts of the reservoir during summer and fall in association with thermal stratification. The highest concentrations of methylmercury in unfiltered water were observed in samples collected during summer from deepwater stations in the anoxic hypolimnion. In the shallow (less than 14 meters depth) oxic epilimnion, concentrations of methylmercury in unfiltered water were highest during the spring and lowest during the fall. The ratio of methylmercury to total mercury (MeHg/HgT) increased systematically from winter to spring to summer, largely in response to the progressive seasonal decrease in total mercury concentrations, but also to some extent because of increases in MeHg concentrations during summer.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data for Camp Far West Reservoir are used in conjunction with data from linked studies of sediment and biota to develop and refine a conceptual model for mercury methylation and bioaccumulation in the reservoir and the lower Bear River watershed. It is hypothesized that MeHg is produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the anoxic parts of the water column and in shallow bed sediment. Conditions were optimal for this process during late summer and fall. Previous work has indicated that Camp Far West Reservoir is a phosphate-limited system - molar ratios of inorganic nitrogen to inorganic phosphorus in filtered water were consistently greater than 16 (the Redfield ratio), sometimes by orders of magnitude. Therefore, concentrations of orthophosphate were expectedly very low or below detection at all stations during all seasons. It is further hypothesized that iron-reducing bacteria facilitate release of phosphorus from iron-rich sediments during summer and early fall, stimulating phytoplankton growth in the fall and winter, and that the MeHg produced in the hypolimnion and metalimnion is released to the entire water column in the late fall during reservoir destratification (vertical mixing). \r\n\r\nMercury bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were computed using data from linked studies of biota spanning a range of trophic position: zooplankton, midge larvae, mayfly nymphs, crayfish, threadfin shad, bluegill, ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Stewart, A., Saiki, M.K., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Topping, B.R., Rider, K.M., Gallanthine, S.K., Kester, C.A., Rye, R.O., Antweiler, R.C., and De Wild, J.F., 2008, Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5008, Report: xii, 95 p.; Appendixes; Tables; Text Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065008.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 95 p.; Appendixes; Tables; Text Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12174,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,38.75 ], [ -121.75,39.5 ], [ -120.5,39.5 ], [ -120.5,38.75 ], [ -121.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, A. Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":82436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A. Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rider, Kelly M.","contributorId":58900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rider","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallanthine, Steven K.","contributorId":21425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallanthine","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kester, Cynthia A.","contributorId":44425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"De Wild, John F.","contributorId":31800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Wild","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":97186,"text":"ofr20081374 - 2008 - Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:09:07","indexId":"ofr20081374","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1374","title":"Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report releases data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from the Tuba City Open Dump area from January 2008 to September 2008 with cooperation from the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Navajo and Hopi Tribes. These data were collected in support of investigations into the possible sources and resulting transport of radionuclides and other dissolved constituents in the surrounding ground water from the Tuba City Open Dump. This report provides a discussion of data collection and analytical methods with the data in a tabular format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Otton, J.K., Horton, R., Gallegos, T.J., Choate, L.M., and Sullivan, J.E., 2008, Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1374, Report: v, 10 p.; Downloads Directory; 11 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081374.","productDescription":"Report: v, 10 p.; Downloads Directory; 11 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12170,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tuba City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.28333333333333,36.05 ], [ -111.28333333333333,36.2 ], [ -111.11666666666666,36.2 ], [ -111.11666666666666,36.05 ], [ -111.28333333333333,36.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, Jonah E.","contributorId":48658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jonah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97189,"text":"ofr20081357 - 2008 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:54:14.337714","indexId":"ofr20081357","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1357","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"<h1 class=\"p1\">Significant Findings&nbsp;</h1>\n<p>When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of dissolved gases. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas and water-temperature data at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2008. Significant findings from the data include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>During the spill season of April through August 2008, hourly values of total-dissolved-gas (TDG) concentration were occasionally larger than 115-percent saturation for the forebay stations (John Day navigation lock, The Dalles forebay, Bonneville forebay, and Camas). Hourly values of TDG concentration were occasionally larger than 120-percent saturation for tailwater stations (John Day tailwater, The Dalles tailwater, and Cascade Island).</li>\n<li>From late July to September 2008, water temperatures were greater than 20&deg;C (degrees Celsius) at seven stations on the lower Columbia River. According to the State of Oregon temperature standard, the 7-day average maximum temperature of the lower Columbia River should not exceed 20&deg;C; Washington regulations state that the 1-day maximum should not exceed 20&deg;C as a result of human activities.</li>\n<li>Each of the in situ field checks of TDG sensors with a secondary standard was within &plusmn;(plus or minus) 1-percent saturation after 3 to 4 weeks of deployment in the river. All field checks of barometric pressure were within &plusmn;2.0 millimeters of mercury of a secondary standard, and water-temperature field checks were all within &plusmn;0.2&deg;C.&nbsp;</li>\n<li>For the eight monitoring stations in water year 2008, an average of 99.6 percent of the TDG data were received in real time by the USGS satellite downlink and were within 1-percent saturation of the expected value on the basis of calibration data, replicate quality-control measurements in the river, and comparison to ambient river conditions at adjacent stations. Data received from the individual stations ranged from 98.8 to 100.0 percent complete.</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081357","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., Bragg, H., and Johnston, M.W., 2008, Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1357, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081357.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407924,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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hmbragg@usgs.gov","contributorId":428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Heather M.","email":"hmbragg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, Matthew W. mattj@usgs.gov","contributorId":3066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Matthew","email":"mattj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97181,"text":"ds385 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T11:49:24.58475","indexId":"ds385","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"385","title":"Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water quality in the approximately 3,340 mi<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Middle Sacramento Valley study unit (MSACV) was investigated from June through September, 2006, as part of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) program. The GAMA Priority Basin Assessment project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).</p><p>The Middle Sacramento Valley study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground-water quality within MSACV, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 108 wells in Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo, and Yuba Counties. Seventy-one wells were selected using a randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), 15 wells were selected to evaluate changes in water chemistry along ground-water flow paths (flow-path wells), and 22 were shallow monitoring wells selected to assess the effects of rice agriculture, a major land use in the study unit, on ground-water chemistry (RICE wells).</p><p>The ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], gasoline oxygenates and degradates, pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water.</p><p>Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, laboratory matrix spikes) were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a noticeable source of bias in the data for the ground-water samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most constituents.</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with regulatory thresholds.</p><p>Most constituents that were detected in ground-water samples were found at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. VOCs were detected in less than one-third and pesticides and pesticide degradates in just over one-half of the grid wells, and all detections of these constituents in samples from all wells of the MSACV study unit were below health-based thresholds. All detections of trace elements in samples from MSACV grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exceptions of arsenic and boron.</p><p>Arsenic concentrations were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) threshold in eight grid wells, and boron concentrations were above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) in two grid wells. Arsenic was detected above the MCL-US in two flow-path wells. Arsenic, barium, boron, molybdenum, strontium, and vanadium were detected above health-based thresholds in a few of the RICE wells; these wells are not used to supply drinking water. All detections of radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds, although six samples had activities of radon-222 above the lower proposed MCL-US threshold. Most of the samples from the MSACV wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Chloride and sulfate concentrations exceeded SMCL-CA thresholds in two and one grid well, respectively. Iron, manganese, and total dissolved solids concentrations were above the SMCL-CA thresholds in 1, 12, and 6 grid wells, respectively. Nitrate (nitrite plus nitrate, as dissolved nitrogen) concentrations from two grid wells were above the MCL-US threshold. There were no detections of microbial indicators in MSACV.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds385","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, S., Fram, M.S., Milby Dawson, B.J., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the middle Sacramento Valley study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 385, x, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds385.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/385/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388812,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86258.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,32 ], [ -125,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -125,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Stephen J.","contributorId":85283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Stephen J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milby Dawson, Barbara J.","contributorId":57133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milby Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97180,"text":"sir20085235 - 2008 - Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20085235","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5235","title":"Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"In June 2008, heavy rain caused severe flooding across southern Wisconsin. The floods were aggravated by saturated soils that persisted from unusually wet antecedent conditions from a combination of floods in August 2007, more than 100 inches of snow in winter 2007-08, and moist conditions in spring 2008. The flooding caused immediate evacuations and road closures and prolonged, extensive damages and losses associated with agriculture, businesses, housing, public health and human needs, and infrastructure and transportation.\r\n\r\nRecord gage heights and streamflows occurred at 21 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages across southern Wisconsin from June 7 to June 21. Peak-gage-height data, peak-streamflow data, and flood probabilities are tabulated for 32 USGS streamgages in southern Wisconsin. Peak-gage-height and peak-streamflow data also are tabulated for three ungaged locations.\r\n\r\nExtensive flooding along the Baraboo River, Kickapoo River, Crawfish River, and Rock River caused particularly severe damages in nine communities and their surrounding areas: Reedsburg, Rock Springs, La Farge, Gays Mills, Milford, Jefferson, Fort Atkinson, Janesville, and Beloit. Flood-peak inundation maps and water-surface profiles were generated for the nine communities in a geographic information system by combining flood high-water marks with available 1-10-meter resolution digital-elevation-model data. The high-water marks used in the maps were a combination of those surveyed during the June flood by communities, counties, and Federal agencies and hundreds of additional marks surveyed in August by the USGS. The flood maps and profiles outline the extent and depth of flooding through the communities and are being used in ongoing (as of November 2008) flood response and recovery efforts by local, county, State, and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Peppler, M.C., Walker, J.F., Rose, W., Waschbusch, R.J., and Kennedy, J.L., 2008, Flood of June 2008 in Southern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5235, Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085235.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,42.333333333333336 ], [ -91,44.333333333333336 ], [ -88,44.333333333333336 ], [ -88,42.333333333333336 ], [ -91,42.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waschbusch, Robert J. 0000-0002-4069-0267 rjwaschb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0267","contributorId":3447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"Robert","email":"rjwaschb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy, James L. lkennedy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"James","email":"lkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70164326,"text":"70164326 - 2008 - Non-random temporary emigration and the robust design: Conditions for bias at the end of a time series: Section VIII","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T11:14:16","indexId":"70164326","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"subseriesTitle":"Environmental and ecological statistics","title":"Non-random temporary emigration and the robust design: Conditions for bias at the end of a time series: Section VIII","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Deviations from model assumptions in the application of capture&ndash;recapture models to real life situations can introduce unknown bias. Understanding the type and magnitude of bias under these conditions is important to interpreting model results. In a robust design analysis of long-term photo-documented sighting histories of the endangered Florida manatee, I found high survival rates, high rates of non-random temporary emigration, significant time-dependence, and a diversity of factors affecting temporary emigration that made it difficult to model emigration in any meaningful fashion. Examination of the time-dependent survival estimates indicated a suspicious drop in survival rates near the end of the time series that persisted when the original capture histories were truncated and reanalyzed under a shorter time frame. Given the wide swings in manatee emigration estimates from year to year, a likely source of bias in survival was the convention to resolve confounding of the last survival probability in a time-dependent model with the last emigration probabilities by setting the last unmeasurable emigration probability equal to the previous year&rsquo;s probability when the equality was actually false. Results of a series of simulations demonstrated that if the unmeasurable temporary emigration probabilities in the last time period were not accurately modeled, an estimation model with significant annual variation in survival probabilities and emigration probabilities produced bias in survival estimates at the end of the study or time series being explored. Furthermore, the bias propagated back in time beyond the last two time periods and the number of years affected varied positively with survival and emigration probabilities. Truncating the data to a shorter time frame and reanalyzing demonstrated that with additional years of data surviving temporary emigrants eventually return and are detected, thus in subsequent analysis unbiased estimates are eventually realized.</p>\n<p class=\"Para\">Knowing the extent and magnitude of the potential bias can help in making decisions as to what time frame provides the best estimates or the most reliable opportunity to model and test hypotheses about factors affecting survival probability. To assess bias, truncating the capture histories to shorter time frames and reanalyzing the data to compare time-specific estimates may help identify spurious effects. Running simulations that mimic the parameter values and movement conditions in the real situation can provide estimates of standardized bias that can be used to identify those annual estimates that are biased to the point where the 95% confidence intervals are inadequate in describing the uncertainty of the estimates.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_34","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C.A., 2008, Non-random temporary emigration and the robust design: Conditions for bias at the end of a time series: Section VIII, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, v. 3, p. 745-761, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_34.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"761","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe1e4b010e2af2a5dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70160335,"text":"70160335 - 2008 - Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T15:16:52","indexId":"70160335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand","docAbstract":"<p>The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) has sponsored research on environmental characteristics of aircraft and pavement deicers and anti-icers focusing primarily on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and aquatic toxicity of formulated products and individual chemical components of formulations. This report presents a background of issues leading to this research, objectives of this document, and a description of the efforts and findings of this research.</p>\n<p>Except when the distinction among products is necessary for clarity, &ldquo;deicer&rdquo; will refer to aircraft-deicing fluids (ADFs), aircraft anti-icing fluids (AAFs), and pavement-deicing materials (PDMs) generally.</p>\n<p>The efforts of this project have included the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>A review of regulations and specifications related to the performance and environmental characteristics of deicer formulations</li>\n<li>A review of issues related to the impact that deicers have on aquatic systems and causes of those impacts</li>\n<li>Laboratory testing of current-use deicers to establish benchmark values for aquatic toxicity, BOD, and chemical oxygen demand (COD)</li>\n<li>A review of deicer formulations under development and their relevant performanceand environmental-related characteristics</li>\n<li>A review of operational and infrastructure considerations</li>\n<li>A synopsis of current analytical methods used in environmental characterization of airport deicing runoff</li>\n<li>A toxicity-based investigation of current-use deicers to determine components responsible for toxicity and identify component classes to focus a search for alternative components</li>\n<li>Identification of gaps in knowledge and data pertaining to the above topics</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooperative Research Programs","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, L., Corsi, S., Geis, S.W., Anderson, G., Joback, K., Gold, H., Mericas, D., and Cancilla, D.A., 2008, Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand, 121 p.","productDescription":"121 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018524","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312479,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/155765.aspx"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac4e4b0da412f4f824c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, Lee","contributorId":150671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":150657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geis, Steven W.","contributorId":150662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geis","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":18065,"text":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, Wisconsin State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Graham","contributorId":150684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Graham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joback, Kevin","contributorId":150660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joback","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18064,"text":"Molecular Knowledge Systems Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gold, Harris","contributorId":150659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gold","given":"Harris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18063,"text":"Infoscitex","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mericas, Dean","contributorId":150658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mericas","given":"Dean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18062,"text":"CH2MHILL, Austin, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cancilla, Devon A.","contributorId":94467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cancilla","given":"Devon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70042350,"text":"70042350 - 2008 - Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T10:34:41","indexId":"70042350","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span>BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;precipitated from mixed salt solutions by common techniques for SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/83bf173f-9ddf-45a9-b6c6-202c9306b7b5/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-1\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/83bf173f-9ddf-45a9-b6c6-202c9306b7b5/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\"><span>&nbsp;isotopic analysis may contain quantities of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/a78b33e9-d28c-4cad-835a-4ada6ce06cc2/tex2gif-stack-2.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-2\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/a78b33e9-d28c-4cad-835a-4ada6ce06cc2/tex2gif-stack-2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;that introduce errors in O isotope measurements. Experiments with synthetic solutions indicate that&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values of CO produced by decomposition of precipitated BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;in a carbon reactor may be either too low or too high, depending on the relative concentrations of SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/66af183c-cb0d-4e3f-81ad-1aaee3b8e298/tex2gif-stack-3.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-3\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/66af183c-cb0d-4e3f-81ad-1aaee3b8e298/tex2gif-stack-3.gif\"><span>&nbsp;and NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/74d752cb-da6c-421d-aa00-af14c6b43bca/tex2gif-stack-4.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-4\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/74d752cb-da6c-421d-aa00-af14c6b43bca/tex2gif-stack-4.gif\"><span>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values of the H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/f0275cf0-ed65-4f89-b9bd-e0c0f3c35d90/tex2gif-stack-5.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-5\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/f0275cf0-ed65-4f89-b9bd-e0c0f3c35d90/tex2gif-stack-5.gif\"><span>, and SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/36e44e54-21cc-4125-b9ff-deb91eac0931/tex2gif-stack-6.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-6\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/36e44e54-21cc-4125-b9ff-deb91eac0931/tex2gif-stack-6.gif\"><span>. Typical&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O errors are of the order of 0.5 to 1‰ in many sample types, and can be larger in samples containing atmospheric NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/d18884a5-8da9-41db-bd5e-7437c531f481/tex2gif-stack-7.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-7\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/d18884a5-8da9-41db-bd5e-7437c531f481/tex2gif-stack-7.gif\"><span>, which can cause similar errors in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>17</sup><span>O and Δ</span><sup>17</sup><span>O. These errors can be reduced by (1) ion chromatographic separation of SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/bbe88d9b-089d-48e8-b757-ebbd571fb106/tex2gif-stack-8.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-8\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/bbe88d9b-089d-48e8-b757-ebbd571fb106/tex2gif-stack-8.gif\"><span>&nbsp;from NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/c174298f-264f-4ec4-a82e-4f49f26396d5/tex2gif-stack-9.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-9\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/c174298f-264f-4ec4-a82e-4f49f26396d5/tex2gif-stack-9.gif\"><span>, (2) increasing the salinity of the solutions before precipitating BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;to minimize incorporation of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, (3) heating BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;under vacuum to remove H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, (4) preparing isotopic reference materials as aqueous samples to mimic the conditions of the samples, and (5) adjusting measured&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values based on amounts and isotopic compositions of coexisting H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and NO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/5ea7c947-64ff-40c9-9f8f-593aebd44dea/tex2gif-stack-10.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-10\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/5ea7c947-64ff-40c9-9f8f-593aebd44dea/tex2gif-stack-10.gif\"><span>. These procedures are demonstrated for SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/eaee3606-dcef-4760-a8e6-62295d92b682/tex2gif-stack-11.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-11\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/eaee3606-dcef-4760-a8e6-62295d92b682/tex2gif-stack-11.gif\"><span>&nbsp;isotopic reference materials, synthetic solutions with isotopically known reagents, atmospheric deposition from Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA, and sulfate salt deposits from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Mojave Desert, California, USA. These results have implications for the calibration and use of O isotope data in studies of SO</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/6bd98d1b-3d01-43f6-bf7a-1f81d6799a05/tex2gif-stack-12.gif\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3832:tex2gif-stack-12\" data-mce-src=\"https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/6bd98d1b-3d01-43f6-bf7a-1f81d6799a05/tex2gif-stack-12.gif\"><span>&nbsp;sources and reaction mechanisms.</span></p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.3832","usgsCitation":"Hannon, J.E., Bohlke, J., and Mroczkowski, S.J., 2008, Effects of nitrate and water on the oxygen isotopic analysis of barium sulfate precipitated from water samples: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 22, no. 24, p. 4109-4120, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3832.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4109","endPage":"4120","ipdsId":"IP-007869","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270752,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3832"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386ae4b077fa94dadfa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hannon, Janet E. jehannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Janet","email":"jehannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208460,"text":"70208460 - 2008 - Mass balance of a cirque glacier in the U.S. Rocky Mountains ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-10T17:05:15","indexId":"70208460","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T16:42:56","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mass balance of a cirque glacier in the U.S. Rocky Mountains ","docAbstract":"<p>Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, contains 27 cirque glaciers, most less than 1 km<sup>2</sup> and together comprising about 17 km<sup>2</sup>. These glaciers lie at relatively low elevation (2000 – 3000 m a.s.l.) and latitude (48<sup>o</sup> N) and have undergone dramatic retreat since the mid-nineteenth century, when an estimated 150 glaciers existed. Continuing volume losses and the disappearance of glaciers in recent decades are used as key indicators of regional warming. Here we present initial results from a long-term study initiated in 2005 on Sperry Glacier (48.6<sup>o</sup>N, 113.75<sup>o</sup>W), a 0.8 km<sup>2</sup> cirque glacier that has undergone an 80% reduction in size since the mid 1800s. We calculated seasonal and annual balances using the direct glaciological method augmented with data from an automated weather station adjacent to the glacier and data from a nearby automated snow pillow. The net annual balance averaged -1.0 m w. eq. for the 2005 and 2006 balance years. Specific balances showed significant transverse spatial variability due to site-specific processes that augment accumulation or mute ablation. These processes have a significant effect on the mass balance of the glacier. Proxy measures showed that the 2005 and 2006 balance years likely had very low accumulation or very high ablation, respectively, relative to other years in recent decades. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Mass Balance Measurement and Modelling Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on Glacier Mass Balance Measurements and Modelling","conferenceDate":"March 26-29, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Skeikampen, Norway","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","usgsCitation":"Reardon, B.A., Harper, J.T., and Fagre, D.B., 2008, Mass balance of a cirque glacier in the U.S. Rocky Mountains , <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Mass Balance Measurement and Modelling Workshop, Skeikampen, Norway, March 26-29, 2008, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Sperry Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.75553131103516,\n              48.615945299728885\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.74960899353027,\n              48.62451275552683\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.74875068664551,\n              48.631547194784\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.75741958618164,\n              48.633475821350466\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.76093864440918,\n              48.629334855883336\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.76651763916016,\n              48.627859909394665\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.76866340637207,\n              48.62411562084454\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.76291275024414,\n              48.62020084032983\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.76608848571777,\n              48.61725037031813\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7655735015869,\n              48.61583181373538\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.76205444335938,\n              48.6163424986971\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.75553131103516,\n              48.615945299728885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reardon, Blase A.","contributorId":178872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reardon","given":"Blase","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, J. T.","contributorId":199751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70217350,"text":"70217350 - 2008 - Experimental and field observations of breach dynamics accompanying erosion of Marmot Cofferdam, Sandy River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T16:05:39.909677","indexId":"70217350","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T09:41:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Experimental and field observations of breach dynamics accompanying erosion of Marmot Cofferdam, Sandy River, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>A key issue faced in dam removal is the rate and timing of remobilization and discharge of stored reservoir sediments following the removal. Different removal strategies can result in different trajectories of upstream sediment transport and knickpoint migration. We examine this issue of for the Marmot Dam removal in Sandy River, Oregon, USA using both physical experiments and field studies accompanying removal of the dam in October 2007. The physical experiment was designed to provide insights on how and if the position of a cofferdam notch will affect how reservoir sediments are remobilized, with the goal of minimizing the volume of sediment stranded in terraces. Data and observations indicate that at lower failure discharges, notch position impacts the location of cofferdam failure as well as the location of the first major knickpoint and its trajectory. In particular, notch positions that force the river to migrate laterally in order to adjust to natural valley orientation and morphology were most effective in removing larger volumes of sediment and reducing terrace heights. Actual cofferdam notching to maximize erosion produced extremely rapid and significant erosion of reservoir sediments. Comparison of model results with field observations suggests that the physical experiments provided solid predictions of rates of erosion and overall knickpoint trajectory.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Grant, G.E., Marr, J.D., Hill, C., Johnson, S., Campbell, K., Mohseni, O., Wallick, J., Lewis, S., O’connor, E.A., and Major, J.J., 2008, Experimental and field observations of breach dynamics accompanying erosion of Marmot Cofferdam, Sandy River, Oregon, v. 2008, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, G. E.","contributorId":247843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":808465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marr, Jeffrey D. G.","contributorId":80791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marr","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D. G.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, C.","contributorId":88801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, S.","contributorId":215645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mohseni, O.","contributorId":247846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohseni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wallick, J.R.","contributorId":247847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallick","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":808475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lewis, S.L.","contributorId":7932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’connor, E. A.","contributorId":88160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’connor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70206561,"text":"70206561 - 2008 - Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:56:45","indexId":"70206561","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T08:28:48","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water withdrawals in the San Joaquin Valley totaled 64 million m<sup>3</sup> /day (19 million ac-ft) in 2000, supplying about 45% of agricultural irrigation demand and about 80% of municipal supply (Hutson et al., 2004). Most of the population and ground-water use are in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, where reliance on ground water is expected to increase as a result of rapid population growth and limited surface water supplies. Protection of ground-water quality for future use requires monitoring and understanding the mechanisms controlling the long-term quality of ground water in the regional aquifer system. </p><p>Nitrate has been widely detected above background concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley. Nitrate concentrations (reported as nitrogen in this paper) were above the MCL of 10 mg/L in 24% of domestic wells screened in the shallow part of the aquifer that were sampled during 1993–95 (Dubrovsky et al., 1998) and the Central Valley is one of the top three regions in the state in terms of the number of public drinking-water wells exceeding the MCL for nitrate (California State Water Resources Control Board, 2002). </p><p>To assess spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley and to evaluate the long-term effects of nitrogen fertilizer use on ground-water quality in this region, data were evaluated at multiple spatial scales. Data from regional-scale monitoring networks were used to map the regional occurrence of nitrate and to determine whether shallow ground water containing elevated nitrate is migrating to deeper parts of the aquifer system. At the local scale, mean ground-water ages from analysis of age-dating tracers were combined with concentrations of nitrate to reconstruct nitrate inputs in recharge through time and to compare with estimated nitrogen applications. Ground-water flow and transport simulations of a typical public-supply well screened from about 100 to 400 ft below the water table were used to evaluate long-term concentrations beneath agricultural areas under different nitrogen management scenarios. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, California Chapter annual meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., and Green, C.T., 2008, Spatial and temporal trends in nitrate concentrations in the eastern San Joaquin Valley regional aquifer and implications for fertilizer management, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the American Society of Agronomy, California Chapter annual meeting, p. 46-52.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://calasa.ucdavis.edu/Conference_Proceedings/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              37.97884504049713\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              34.939985151560435\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7841796875,\n              35.29943548054545\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.861083984375,\n              35.92464453144099\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.08056640625,\n              37.431250501793585\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80566406250001,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              37.97884504049713\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184374,"text":"70184374 - 2008 - Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T19:02:57","indexId":"70184374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real-time water-level monitoring gages and modeling methods that provides scientists and managers with current (2000–present) online water surface and water depth information for the freshwater domain of the Greater Everglades. This integrated system presents data on a 400-m square grid to assist in (1) large-scale field operations; (2) integration of hydrologic and ecologic responses; (3) supporting biological and ecological assessment of the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP); and (4) assessing trophic-level responses to hydrodynamic changes in the Everglades.</p><p id=\"\">This paper investigates the radial basis function multiquadric method of interpolation to obtain a continuous freshwater surface across the entire Everglades using radio-transmitted data from a network of water-level gages managed by the US Geological Survey (USGS), the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), and the Everglades National Park (ENP). Since the hydrological connection is interrupted by canals and levees across the study area, boundary conditions were simulated by linearly interpolating along those features and integrating the results together with the data from marsh stations to obtain a continuous water surface through multiquadric interpolation. The absolute cross-validation errors greater than 5&nbsp;cm correlate well with the local outliers and the minimum distance between the closest stations within 2000-m radius, but seem to be independent of vegetation or season.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2007.08.004","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu, M., and Pearlstine, L., 2008, Estimation of water surface elevations for the Everglades, Florida: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 7, p. 815-826, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.08.004.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"826","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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,{"id":70184302,"text":"70184302 - 2008 - Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:19:38","indexId":"70184302","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3431,"text":"Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Every year, volunteers use thousands of discarded Christmas trees to build brush fences in the coastal waters of Louisiana. The fences slow down waves and trap sediment, allowing aquatic vegetation to take root in the still water and stimulating the growth of new marsh. This is one of many efforts to counteract wetland loss (the loss of saline, brackish, intermediate, and freshwater marshes) that has plagued coastal Louisiana since the mid-20th century. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists recently announced good news for Louisiana's coastal-restoration projects: using a combination of historical and recently released data, they discovered that subsidence of coastal land in the Mississippi River delta plain appears to have slowed considerably since the 1990s. This discovery means that new marshlands created by the Christmas tree program and other restoration projects may persist—that is, stay above sea level—longer than previously thought.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cimitile, M., and Gibbons, H., 2008, Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands: Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2008/10/research.html","text":"Document","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              29.707139348134145\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22998046875,\n              29.707139348134145\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22998046875,\n              30.12612436422458\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              30.12612436422458\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              29.707139348134145\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.835205078125,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.835205078125,\n              29.640320395351402\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              29.640320395351402\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cimitile, Matthew","contributorId":50276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cimitile","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189929,"text":"70189929 - 2008 - Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-01T16:06:06","indexId":"70189929","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":736,"text":"American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability","docAbstract":"A monthly snow accumulation and melt model was used with monthly Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) for 1900 through 2008 in the western United States. Averaged across the western United States, SWE generally was higher than long-term (1900–2008) average conditions during the periods 1900–25, 1944–55, and 1966–82; SWE was lower than long-term average conditions during the periods 1926–43, 1957–65, and 1984–2008. During the period 1900–2008, the temporal pattern in winter precipitation exhibited wetter-than-average and drier-than-average decadal-scale periods with no long-term increasing or decreasing trend. Winter temperature generally was below average from 1900 to the mid-1950s, close to average from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, and above average from the mid-1980s to 2008. In general, periods of higher-than-average SWE have been associated with higher precipitation and lower temperature. Since about 1980, western U.S. winter temperatures have been consistently higher than long-term average values, and the resultant lower-than-average SWE values have been only partially offset by periods of higher-than-average precipitation. The post-1980 lower-than-average SWE conditions in the western United States are unprecedented within the context of twentieth-century climate and estimated SWE.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2009EI283.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2008, Recent declines in western U.S. snowpack in the context of twentieth-century climate variability: American Meteorological Society, Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 13,  13-012; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009EI283.1.","productDescription":" 13-012; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-010684","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2009ei283.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.9580078125,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.8212890625,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.8212890625,\n              49.83798245308484\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.9580078125,\n              49.83798245308484\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.9580078125,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819318e4b0e2f5d463b7bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97178,"text":"sir20085229 - 2008 - Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"sir20085229","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5229","title":"Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition was monitored for ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations and precipitation amounts in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area of northwestern Colorado at Ned Wilson Lake beginning in 1984 to detect changes that might result from future emissions associated with development of oil-shale resources in northwestern Colorado. Renewed monitoring, by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Rio Blanco County, to determine the current status of atmospheric deposition has been ongoing since 2003 at Ned Wilson Lake. Two new monitoring sites were located near Ripple Creek Pass near the Flat Tops Wilderness area and about 12 kilometers north of Ned Wilson Lake because access to the area near Ripple Creek Pass is less difficult and less expensive, particularly in winter and spring. The intent of this study was to establish whether the new deposition data being collected near Ripple Creek Pass, near the northern boundary of the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, would be representative of deposition at sensitive sites within the wilderness such as Ned Wilson Lake and to compare more current (2003 through 2005) deposition data with earlier data (1984 through 1991).\r\n\r\nAt Ned Wilson Lake, bulk ammonium and nitrate concentrations collected from 1984 through 1991 were similar to those from 2003 through 2005. However, in the same comparison significant differences in sulfate concentrations were observed, indicating a decrease consistent with other regional findings for similar periods. Comparison of concentrations of constituents at two bulk-deposition sites located at Ned Wilson Lake (NWLB) and near Ripple Creek Pass (RCPB) showed only one significant difference (p = 0.05) with the winter bulk nitrate concentrations for NWLB significantly lower than winter concentrations from RCPB. Another comparison of concentrations of constituents between the bulk deposition site RCPB and a wet deposition site 100 meters away (RCPW) showed no significant differences for concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate for both the winter and summer comparisons. While results indicate many similarities in concentrations of constituents and in seasonal variability in those concentrations, they are based on a short period of study. Precipitation amounts from RCPB were less than the amounts collected at NWLB, and precipitation amounts from RCPW were less than the amounts collected at RCPB. Although RCPB may not be a perfect replacement site for NWLB, it may be similar enough to represent atmospheric deposition in areas of the Flat Tops Wilderness of northwestern Colorado.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Rio Blanco County, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., Campbell, D.H., and Mast, M.A., 2008, Comparison of Atmospheric Deposition Among Three Sites In and Near the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, 2003-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5229, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085229.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5229.jpg"},{"id":12162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.25,38.5 ], [ -109.25,40.5 ], [ -107,40.5 ], [ -107,38.5 ], [ -109.25,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97177,"text":"ofr20071249 - 2008 - Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr20071249","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1249","title":"Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Temporal data from five springs in the Cement Creek watershed, San Juan County, Colorado provide seasonal geochemical data for further research in the formation of ferricretes. In addition, these data can be used to help understand the ground-water flow system. The resulting data demonstrate the difficulty in gathering reliable seasonal data from springs, show the unique geochemistry of each spring due to local geology, and provide seasonal trends in geochemistry for Tiger Iron Spring.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071249","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Wirt, L., and Leib, K.J., 2008, Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1249, Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071249.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-11-13","temporalEnd":"2004-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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