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Ecological risk assessments typically are organized using the processes of planning (a discussion among managers, stakeholders, and analysts to clarify ecosystem management goals and assessment scope) and problem formulation (evaluation of existing information to generate hypotheses about adverse ecological effects, select assessment endpoints, and develop an analysis plan). These processes require modification to be applicable for integrated assessments that evaluate ecosystem management alternatives in terms of their ecological, economic, and social consequences. We present 8 questions that define the steps of a new process we term integrated problem formulation (IPF), and we illustrate the use of IPF through a retrospective case study comparing 2 recent phases of development of the Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system, a planning and budgeting system for the management of wildland fire throughout publicly managed lands in the United States. IPF extends traditional planning and problem formulation by including the explicit comparison of management alternatives, the valuation of ecological, economic and social endpoints, and the combination or integration of those endpoints. The phase 1, limited-prototype FPA system used a set of assessment endpoints of common form (i.e., probabilities of given flame heights over acres of selected land-resource types), which were specified and assigned relative weights at the local level in relation to a uniform national standard. This approach was chosen to permit system-wide optimization of fire management budget allocations according to a cost-effectiveness criterion. Before full development, however, the agencies abandoned this approach in favor of a phase 2 system that examined locally specified (rather than system-optimized) allocation alternatives and was more permissive as to endpoint form. We demonstrate how the IPF process illuminates the nature, rationale, and consequences of these differences, and argue that its early use for the FPA system may have enabled a smoother development path.

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Jr.","contributorId":69675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munns","given":"W.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Botti, S.J.","contributorId":9207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botti","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brink, Steve","contributorId":222508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brink","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cleland, David","contributorId":222509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleland","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kapustka, Lawrence A.","contributorId":222510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapustka","given":"Lawrence","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, Danny","contributorId":222511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Danny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luzadis, Valerie","contributorId":222512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luzadis","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Falk McCarthy, Laura","contributorId":222513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falk McCarthy","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rana, Naureen","contributorId":222514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rana","given":"Naureen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rideout, Douglas B.","contributorId":222515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rideout","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rollins, Matt mrollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matt","email":"mrollins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Woodbury, Peter B.","contributorId":211674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodbury","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zupko, Mike","contributorId":222516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zupko","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70198318,"text":"70198318 - 2010 - An improved proximal tephrochronology for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:43:50","indexId":"70198318","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T09:57:50","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved proximal tephrochronology for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Sediment cores from lakes in volcanically active regions can be used to reconstruct the frequency of tephra-fall events. We studied sediment cores from two lakes within 25 km of the summit of Redoubt Volcano, western Cook Inlet, to develop a robust age model for the Holocene tephrochronology, and to assess the extent to which the tephrostratigraphies were correlative between the two nearby lakes. Visually distinct tephra layers were correlated among cores from Bear and Cub lakes, located within 17 km of each other, to construct a composite age model, which incorporates two Pu-activity profiles and 27 radiocarbon ages, and extends the record back to 11,540 cal a BP. The age model was used to interpolate the ages and quantify the uncertainties of ages for all tephras at least 1 mm thick. Between − 55 and 3850 a BP, 31 tephras were deposited in Bear Lake and 41 tephras in Cub Lake. Bear Lake contains an additional 38 tephras deposited between 11,540 and 3850 a BP. During the period of overlap, (− 55 to 3850 a BP), 24 tephras are of significantly different ages, including nine from Bear Lake and 17 from Cub Lake. The presence of these unique tephras indicates that ejecta plumes erupted from Redoubt Volcano can be highly directional, and that sediment cores from more than one lake are needed for a comprehensive reconstruction of tephra-fall events. Unlike distal lakes in south Alaska, where geomorphic and limnological factors dominate the quality of the tephrostratigraphic record, the variability in tephra-fall trajectory near a Redoubt Volcano appears to be a major control on the number of tephras contained in the sediment of proximal lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.03.015","usgsCitation":"Schiff, C., Kaufman, D.S., Wallace, K.L., and Ketterer, M.E., 2010, An improved proximal tephrochronology for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 193, no. 3-4, p. 203-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.03.015.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.19287109375,\n 59.52317553544798\n ],\n [\n -149.139404296875,\n 59.52317553544798\n ],\n [\n -149.139404296875,\n 62.04213770379758\n ],\n [\n -155.19287109375,\n 62.04213770379758\n ],\n [\n -155.19287109375,\n 59.52317553544798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"193","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b760e4b0702d0e844e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiff, C.J.","contributorId":34735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S. 0000-0002-7572-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-1414","contributorId":28308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ketterer, Michael E.","contributorId":28479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177890,"text":"70177890 - 2010 - Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:54:54","indexId":"70177890","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"

Rock shear strength plays a fundamental role in volcano flank collapse, yet pertinent data from modern collapse surfaces are rare. Using samples collected from the inferred failure surface of the massive 1980 collapse of Mount St. Helens (MSH), we determined rock shear strength via laboratory tests designed to mimic conditions in the pre-collapse edifice. We observed that the 1980 failure shear surfaces formed primarily in pervasively shattered older dome rocks; failure was not localized in sloping volcanic strata or in weak, hydrothermally altered rocks. Our test results show that rock shear strength under large confining stresses is reduced ∼20% as a result of large quasi-static shear strain, as preceded the 1980 collapse of MSH. Using quasi-3D slope-stability modeling, we demonstrate that this mechanical weakening could have provoked edifice collapse, even in the absence of transiently elevated pore-fluid pressures or earthquake ground shaking. Progressive strength reduction could promote collapses at other volcanic edifices.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0377-4","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., Keith, T.E., Kayen, R.E., Iverson, N.R., Iverson, R.M., and Brien, D., 2010, Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 72, no. 6, p. 761-766, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0377-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"766","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017065","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ge_at_pubs/272","text":"External Repository"},{"id":330411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Saint Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 45.9568782506322\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 46.449212403852584\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 46.449212403852584\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 45.9568782506322\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 45.9568782506322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f5e4b0f497e79a5a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Terry E.C.","contributorId":79099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, Neal R.","contributorId":176272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brien, Dianne dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":176271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98462,"text":"tm6A35 - 2010 - PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-02T10:32:34","indexId":"tm6A35","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A35","title":"PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions","docAbstract":"The computer program PHAST (PHREEQC And HST3D) simulates multicomponent, reactive solute transport in three-dimensional saturated groundwater flow systems. PHAST is a versatile groundwater flow and solute-transport simulator with capabilities to model a wide range of equilibrium and kinetic geochemical reactions. The flow and transport calculations are based on a modified version of HST3D that is restricted to constant fluid density and constant temperature. The geochemical reactions are simulated with the geochemical model PHREEQC, which is embedded in PHAST. Major enhancements in PHAST Version 2 allow spatial data to be defined in a combination of map and grid coordinate systems, independent of a specific model grid (without node-by-node input). At run time, aquifer properties are interpolated from the spatial data to the model grid; regridding requires only redefinition of the grid without modification of the spatial data.\r\n\r\nPHAST is applicable to the study of natural and contaminated groundwater systems at a variety of scales ranging from laboratory experiments to local and regional field scales. PHAST can be used in studies of migration of nutrients, inorganic and organic contaminants, and radionuclides; in projects such as aquifer storage and recovery or engineered remediation; and in investigations of the natural rock/water interactions in aquifers. PHAST is not appropriate for unsaturated-zone flow, multiphase flow, or density-dependent flow.\r\n\r\nA variety of boundary conditions are available in PHAST to simulate flow and transport, including specified-head, flux (specified-flux), and leaky (head-dependent) conditions, as well as the special cases of rivers, drains, and wells. Chemical reactions in PHAST include (1) homogeneous equilibria using an ion-association or Pitzer specific interaction thermodynamic model; (2) heterogeneous equilibria between the aqueous solution and minerals, ion exchange sites, surface complexation sites, solid solutions, and gases; and (3) kinetic reactions with rates that are a function of solution composition. The aqueous model (elements, chemical reactions, and equilibrium constants), minerals, exchangers, surfaces, gases, kinetic reactants, and rate expressions may be defined or modified by the user.\r\n\r\nA number of options are available to save results of simulations to output files. The data may be saved in three formats: a format suitable for viewing with a text editor; a format suitable for exporting to spreadsheets and postprocessing programs; and in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), which is a compressed binary format. Data in the HDF file can be visualized on Windows computers with the program Model Viewer and extracted with the utility program PHASTHDF; both programs are distributed with PHAST.\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A35","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Kipp, K.L., and Charlton, S.R., 2010, PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A35, xii, 235 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A35.","productDescription":"xii, 235 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a35.png"},{"id":13736,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06A35/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6896d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. klkipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","email":"klkipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98464,"text":"sir20105008 - 2010 - Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:12","indexId":"sir20105008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5008","title":"Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Management of water quality in streams of the United States is becoming increasingly complex as regulators seek to control aquatic pollution and ecological problems through Total Maximum Daily Load programs that target reductions in the concentrations of certain constituents. Sediment, nutrients, and bacteria, for example, are constituents that regulators target for reduction nationally and in the Tualatin River basin, Oregon. These constituents require laboratory analysis of discrete samples for definitive determinations of concentrations in streams. Recent technological advances in the nearly continuous, in situ monitoring of related water-quality parameters has fostered the use of these parameters as surrogates for the labor intensive, laboratory-analyzed constituents. Although these correlative techniques have been successful in large rivers, it was unclear whether they could be applied successfully in tributaries of the Tualatin River, primarily because these streams tend to be small, have rapid hydrologic response to rainfall and high streamflow variability, and may contain unique sources of sediment, nutrients, and bacteria. \r\n\r\nThis report evaluates the feasibility of developing correlative regression models for predicting dependent variables (concentrations of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and Escherichia coli bacteria) in two Tualatin River basin streams: one draining highly urbanized land (Fanno Creek near Durham, Oregon) and one draining rural agricultural land (Dairy Creek at Highway 8 near Hillsboro, Oregon), during 2002-04. An important difference between these two streams is their response to storm runoff; Fanno Creek has a relatively rapid response due to extensive upstream impervious areas and Dairy Creek has a relatively slow response because of the large amount of undeveloped upstream land. Four other stream sites also were evaluated, but in less detail. Potential explanatory variables included continuously monitored streamflow (discharge), stream stage, specific conductance, turbidity, and time (to account for seasonal processes). Preliminary multiple-regression models were identified using stepwise regression and Mallow's Cp, which maximizes regression correlation coefficients and accounts for the loss of additional degrees of freedom when extra explanatory variables are used. Several data scenarios were created and evaluated for each site to assess the representativeness of existing monitoring data and autosampler-derived data, and to assess the utility of the available data to develop robust predictive models. The goodness-of-fit of candidate predictive models was assessed with diagnostic statistics from validation exercises that compared predictions against a subset of the available data.\r\n\r\nThe regression modeling met with mixed success. Functional model forms that have a high likelihood of success were identified for most (but not all) dependent variables at each site, but there were limitations in the available datasets, notably the lack of samples from high-flows. These limitations increase the uncertainty in the predictions of the models and suggest that the models are not yet ready for use in assessing these streams, particularly under high-flow conditions, without additional data collection and recalibration of model coefficients. Nonetheless, the results reveal opportunities to use existing resources more efficiently. Baseline conditions are well represented in the available data, and, for the most part, the models reproduced these conditions well. Future sampling might therefore focus on high flow conditions, without much loss of ability to characterize the baseline. Seasonal cycles, as represented by trigonometric functions of time, were not significant in the evaluated models, perhaps because the baseline conditions are well characterized in the datasets or because the other explanatory variables indirectly incorporate seasonal aspects. Multicollinearity among independent variabl","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5008, viii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105008.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5008.jpg"},{"id":13749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Oregon Lambert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98463,"text":"gip113 - 2010 - Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"gip113","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"113","title":"Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality","docAbstract":"The Land-Cover Trends project is a collaborative effort between the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to understand the rates, trends, causes, and consequences of contemporary land-use and land-cover change in the United States. The data produced from this research can lead to an enriched understanding of the drivers of future landuse change, effects on environmental systems, and any associated feedbacks.\r\n\r\nUSGS scientists are using the EPA Level III ecoregions as the geographic framework to process geospatial data collected between 1973 and 2000 to characterize ecosystem responses to land-use changes. General land-cover classes for these periods were interpreted from Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Thematic Mapper, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery to categorize and evaluate land-cover change using a modified Anderson Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification System for image interpretation.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip113","usgsCitation":"Karstensen, K.A., and Warner, K., 2010, Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 113, , https://doi.org/10.3133/gip113.","productDescription":" ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_113.jpg"},{"id":13737,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.53416666666666,38.11666666666667 ], [ -92.53416666666666,44.250277777777775 ], [ -85.41722222222222,44.250277777777775 ], [ -85.41722222222222,38.11666666666667 ], [ -92.53416666666666,38.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karstensen, Krista A. kkarstensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"Krista","email":"kkarstensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236327,"text":"70236327 - 2010 - Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T17:32:38.884172","indexId":"70236327","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T12:22:25","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change","docAbstract":"

The resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change depends on complex interactions among topography, water, soil, vegetation, and snow, which allow permafrost to persist at mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) as high as +2 °C and degrade at MAATs as low as –20 °C. To assess these interactions, we compiled existing data and tested effects of varying conditions on mean annual surface temperatures (MASTs) and 2 m deep temperatures (MADTs) through modeling. Surface water had the largest effect, with water sediment temperatures being ~10 °C above MAAT. A 50% reduction in snow depth reduces MADT by 2 °C. Elevation changes between 200 and 800 m increases MAAT by up to 2.3 °C and snow depths by ~40%. Aspect caused only a ~1 °C difference in MAST. Covarying vegetation structure, organic matter thickness, soil moisture, and snow depth of terrestrial ecosystems, ranging from barren silt to white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forest to tussock shrub, affect MASTs by ~6 °C and MADTs by ~7 °C. Groundwater at 2–7 °C greatly affects lateral and internal permafrost thawing. Analyses show that vegetation succession provides strong negative feedbacks that make permafrost resilient to even large increases in air temperatures. Surface water, which is affected by topography and ground ice, provides even stronger negative feedbacks that make permafrost vulnerable to thawing even under cold temperatures.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/X10-060","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, M., Romanovsky, V., Harden, J.W., Shur, Y., O'Donnell, J., Schuur, E.A., Kanevskiy, M., and Marchenko, S., 2010, Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1219-1236, https://doi.org/10.1139/X10-060.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 69.16255790810501\n ],\n [\n -142.91015625,\n 69.00567519658819\n ],\n [\n -144.1845703125,\n 68.49604022839505\n ],\n [\n -145.98632812499997,\n 68.22052325573338\n ],\n [\n -148.5791015625,\n 67.52537347875264\n ],\n [\n -155.6103515625,\n 67.16995497083367\n ],\n [\n -156.6650390625,\n 66.8265202749748\n ],\n [\n -155.7861328125,\n 66.24916310923315\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -156.6650390625,\n 64.20637724320852\n ],\n [\n -156.6650390625,\n 62.734600877063585\n ],\n [\n -154.1162109375,\n 61.227957176677876\n ],\n [\n -154.1162109375,\n 61.91827102335593\n ],\n [\n -151.7431640625,\n 62.935234870604695\n ],\n [\n -148.7548828125,\n 63.60721668033077\n ],\n [\n -147.7001953125,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -144.9755859375,\n 63.213829705155625\n ],\n [\n -141.6796875,\n 62.226996036319726\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 62.062733258846514\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 69.16255790810501\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, M.Torre 0000-0002-9834-8851","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-8851","contributorId":245200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M.Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir","contributorId":175208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shur, Yuri","contributorId":39302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shur","given":"Yuri","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Donnell, Jonathan","contributorId":17924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":169386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail","contributorId":60511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marchenko, Sergei","contributorId":199367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchenko","given":"Sergei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70118904,"text":"70118904 - 2010 - Assessing conservation relevance of organism-environment relations using predicted changes in response variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T09:13:09","indexId":"70118904","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T09:11:19","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing conservation relevance of organism-environment relations using predicted changes in response variables","docAbstract":"

1. Organism–environment models are used widely in conservation. The degree to which they are useful for informing conservation decisions – the conservation relevance of these relations – is important because lack of relevance may lead to misapplication of scarce conservation resources or failure to resolve important conservation dilemmas. Even when models perform well based on model fit and predictive ability, conservation relevance of associations may not be clear without also knowing the magnitude and variability of predicted changes in response variables.

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\n

2. We introduce a method for evaluating the conservation relevance of organism–environment relations that employs confidence intervals for predicted changes in response variables. The confidence intervals are compared to a preselected magnitude of change that marks a threshold (trigger) for conservation action. To demonstrate the approach, we used a case study from the Chihuahuan Desert involving relations between avian richness and broad-scale patterns of shrubland. We considered relations for three winters and two spatial extents (1- and 2-km-radius areas) and compared predicted changes in richness to three thresholds (10%, 20% and 30% change). For each threshold, we examined 48 relations.

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3. The method identified seven, four and zero conservation-relevant changes in mean richness for the 10%, 20% and 30% thresholds respectively. These changes were associated with major (20%) changes in shrubland cover, mean patch size, the coefficient of variation for patch size, or edge density but not with major changes in shrubland patch density. The relative rarity of conservation-relevant changes indicated that, overall, the relations had little practical value for informing conservation decisions about avian richness.

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4. The approach we illustrate is appropriate for various response and predictor variables measured at any temporal or spatial scale. The method is broadly applicable across ecological environments, conservation objectives, types of statistical predictive models and levels of biological organization. By focusing on magnitudes of change that have practical significance, and by using the span of confidence intervals to incorporate uncertainty of predicted changes, the method can be used to help improve the effectiveness of conservation efforts.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00042.x","usgsCitation":"Gutzwiller, K.J., Barrow, W., White, J., Johnson-Randall, L., Cade, B.S., and Zygo, L.M., 2010, Assessing conservation relevance of organism-environment relations using predicted changes in response variables: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 1, no. 4, p. 351-358, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00042.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00042.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291449,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00042.x"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db5841e4b0fba533fa3567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutzwiller, Kevin J.","contributorId":101923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Joseph D.","contributorId":56077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joseph D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson-Randall, Lori 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":43604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson-Randall","given":"Lori","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zygo, Lisa M.","contributorId":50456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygo","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98461,"text":"ofr20101020 - 2010 - The power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:10:00","indexId":"ofr20101020","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1020","title":"The power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program","docAbstract":"As with all large rivers in the United States, the Missouri River has been altered, with approximately 32.5 percent of the main stem length impounded and 32.5 percent channelized. These physical alterations to the environment have had effects on the fisheries, but studies examining the effects of alterations have been localized and for short periods of time. In response to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biological opinion, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers initiated monitoring of the fish community of the Missouri River in 2003. The goal of the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program is to provide information to detect changes in populations and habitat preferences with time for pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and native target species in the Missouri River Basin. To determine statistical power of the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program, a power analysis was conducted using a normal linear mixed model with variance component estimates based on the first 3 years of data (2003 to 2005). In cases where 3 years of data were unavailable, estimates were obtained using those data. It was determined that at least 20 years of data, sampling 12 bends with 8 subsamples per bend, would be required to detect a 5 percent annual decline in most of the target fish populations. Power varied between Zones. Zone 1 (upstream from Lake Sakakawea) did not have any species/gear type combinations with adequate power, whereas Zone 3 (downstream from Gavins Point Dam) had 19 species/gear type combinations with adequate power. With a slight increase in the sampling effort to 12 subsamples per bend, the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program has adequate power to detect declines in shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) throughout the entire Missouri River because of large catch rates. The lowest level of non-occurrence (in other words, zero catches) at the bend level for pallid sturgeon was 0.58 using otter trawls in Zone 1. Consequently, the power of the pallid sturgeon models was not as high as other species at the current level of sampling, but an increase in the sampling effort to 16 subsamples for each of 24 bends for 20 years would generate adequate power for the pallid sturgeon in all Zones. Since gear types are selective in their species efficiency, the strength of the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program approach is using multiple gears that have statistical power to detect population trends at the same time in different fish species within the Missouri River. As often is the case with monitoring studies involving endangered species, the data used to conduct the analyses exhibit some departures from the parametric model assumptions; however, preliminary simulations indicate that the results of this study are appropriate.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U. S. Army Corp of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bryan, J.L., Wildhaber, M.L., Gladish, D., Holan, S., and Ellerseick, M., 2010, The power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1020, viii, 23 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101020.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1020.jpg"},{"id":334531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1020/pdf/ofr2010_1020.pdf","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":334532,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1020/data/","text":"Appendixes"},{"id":13733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Janice L.","contributorId":58589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gladish, Dan","contributorId":92217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladish","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holan, Scott","contributorId":52138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holan","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellerseick, Mark","contributorId":84323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellerseick","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98459,"text":"ofr20101105 - 2010 - Hurricane Influences on Vegetation Community Change in Coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T13:45:00","indexId":"ofr20101105","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1105","title":"Hurricane Influences on Vegetation Community Change in Coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"The impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 on wetland vegetation were investigated in Louisiana coastal marshes. Vegetation cover, pore-water salinity, and nutrients data from 100 marsh sites covering the entire Louisiana coast were sampled for two consecutive growing seasons after the storms. A mixed-model nested ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test for post-ANOVA multiple comparisons was used to analyze the data. Significantly (p<0.05) lower vegetation cover was observed within brackish and fresh marshes in the west as compared to the east and central regions throughout 2006, but considerable increase in vegetation cover was noticed in fall 2007 data. Marshes in the west were stressed by prolonged saltwater logging and increased sulfide content. High salinity levels persisted throughout the study period for all marsh types, especially in the west. The marshes of coastal Louisiana are still recovering after the hurricanes; however, changes in the species composition have increased in these marshes.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101105","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G.D., Cretini, K.F., Piazza, S.C., Sharp, L., Snedden, G., and Sapkota, S., 2010, Hurricane Influences on Vegetation Community Change in Coastal Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1105, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101105.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1105.jpg"},{"id":13731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cretini, Kari Foster 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":40314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piazza, Sarai C. 0000-0001-6962-9008 piazzas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9008","contributorId":466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Sarai","email":"piazzas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh A.","contributorId":43879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":17338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sapkota, Sijan sapkotas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"Sijan","email":"sapkotas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224963,"text":"5224963 - 2010 - Uncovering a latent multinomial: Analysis of mark–recapture data with misidentification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T12:40:04.048926","indexId":"5224963","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncovering a latent multinomial: Analysis of mark–recapture data with misidentification","docAbstract":"Natural tags based on DNA fingerprints or natural features of animals are now becoming very widely used in wildlife population biology. However, classic capture-recapture models do not allow for misidentification of animals which is a potentially very serious problem with natural tags. Statistical analysis of misidentification processes is extremely difficult using traditional likelihood methods but is easily handled using Bayesian methods. We present a general framework for Bayesian analysis of categorical data arising from a latent multinomial distribution. Although our work is motivated by a specific model for misidentification in closed population capture-recapture analyses, with crucial assumptions which may not always be appropriate, the methods we develop extend naturally to a variety of other models with similar structure. Suppose that observed frequencies f are a known linear transformation f=A'x of a latent multinomial variable x with cell probability vector pi= pi(theta). Given that full conditional distributions [theta | x] can be sampled, implementation of Gibbs sampling requires only that we can sample from the full conditional distribution [x | f, theta], which is made possible by knowledge of the null space of A'. We illustrate the approach using two data sets with individual misidentification, one simulated, the other summarizing recapture data for salamanders based on natural marks.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01244.x","usgsCitation":"Link, W., Yoshizaki, J., Bailey, L., and Pollock, K.H., 2010, Uncovering a latent multinomial: Analysis of mark–recapture data with misidentification: Biometrics, v. 66, no. 1, p. 178-185, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01244.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01244.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoshizaki, J.","contributorId":79596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98454,"text":"sir20105078 - 2010 - Surface-Water Quality Conditions and Long-Term Trends at Selected Sites within the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network in Missouri, Water Years 1993-2008 ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20105078","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5078","title":"Surface-Water Quality Conditions and Long-Term Trends at Selected Sites within the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network in Missouri, Water Years 1993-2008 ","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, collects data pertaining to the surface-water resources of Missouri. These data are collected as part of the Missouri Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network and constitute a valuable source of reliable, impartial, and timely information for developing an improved understanding of water resources in the State.\r\n\r\nSix sites from the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network, with data available from the 1993 through 2008 water years, were chosen to compare water-quality conditions and long-term trends of dissolved oxygen, selected physical properties, total suspended solids, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen, total phosphorous, fecal indicator bacteria, and selected trace elements. The six sites used in the study were classified in groups corresponding to the physiography, main land use, and drainage basin size, and represent most stream types in Missouri.\r\n\r\nLong-term trends in this study were analyzed using flow-adjusted and non-flow adjusted models. Highly censored datasets (greater than 5 percent but less than 50 percent censored values) were not flow-adjusted. Trends that were detected can possibly be related to changes in agriculture or urban development within the drainage basins. Trends in nutrients were the most prevalent. Upward flow-adjusted trends in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations were identified at the Elk River site, and in total phosphorus concentrations at the South Fabius and Grand River sites. A downward flow-adjusted trend was identified in total phosphorus concentrations from Wilson Creek, the only urban site in the study. The downward trend in phosphorus possibly was related to a phosphorus reduction system that began operation in 2001 at a wastewater treatment plant upstream from the sampling site. Total suspended solids concentrations indicated an upward non-flow adjusted trend at the two northern sites (South Fabius and Grand Rivers). The increase in total suspended solids concentrations could be because of soil erosion from land cultivated for row crops. Most trace element data examined in the study were highly censored and could not be used for flow-adjusted trend analyses.\r\n\r\nWater-quality conditions were assessed to explore relations between data from sites and to the State water-quality standards where applicable for selected constituents. Streamflow varied at each site because of drainage area, land use, and groundwater inputs. Dissolved oxygen and water temperature were similar at all sites except the urban site located on Wilson Creek. Specific conductance was similar between the most northern (South Fabius and Grand River sites) and the most southern sites (Current and Elk River sites). Total suspended solids concentrations were near the method reporting level at all sites, except the northern sites. Streams in northern Missouri are more turbid than streams in southern Missouri and are affected by large volumes of sediment deposition because of soil erosion from land cultivated for row crops.\r\n\r\nGeometric means of Escherichia coli were calculated from the recreational seasons within the study period. Only the Grand River site exceeded the whole-body-contact standard for frequently used waters. The South Fabius and Grand River sites and the Wilson Creek site had statistically larger densities of both fecal indicator bacteria types than the remaining sites.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., and Davis, J., 2010, Surface-Water Quality Conditions and Long-Term Trends at Selected Sites within the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network in Missouri, Water Years 1993-2008 : U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5078, v, 42 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105078.","productDescription":"v, 42 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5078.jpg"},{"id":13727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,36 ], [ -96,42 ], [ -89,42 ], [ -89,36 ], [ -96,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Miya N. 0000-0002-9961-9190 mnbarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-9190","contributorId":3686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Miya","email":"mnbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189940,"text":"70189940 - 2010 - Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T16:41:36","indexId":"70189940","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5472,"text":"BMC Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser","docAbstract":"

Arsenic is toxic to most living cells. The two soluble inorganic forms of arsenic are arsenite (+3) and arsenate (+5), with arsenite the more toxic. Prokaryotic metabolism of arsenic has been reported in both thermal and moderate environments and has been shown to be involved in the redox cycling of arsenic. No arsenic metabolism (either dissimilatory arsenate reduction or arsenite oxidation) has ever been reported in cold environments (i.e. < 10°C).

Results: Our study site is located 512 kilometres south of the Arctic Circle in the Northwest Territories, Canada in an inactive gold mine which contains mine waste water in excess of 50 mM arsenic. Several thousand tonnes of arsenic trioxide dust are stored in underground chambers and microbial biofilms grow on the chamber walls below seepage points rich in arsenite-containing solutions. We compared the arsenite oxidisers in two subsamples (which differed in arsenite concentration) collected from one biofilm. 'Species' (sequence) richness did not differ between subsamples, but the relative importance of the three identifiable clades did. An arsenite-oxidising bacterium (designated GM1) was isolated, and was shown to oxidise arsenite in the early exponential growth phase and to grow at a broad range of temperatures (4-25°C). Its arsenite oxidase was constitutively expressed and functioned over a broad temperature range.

Conclusions: The diversity of arsenite oxidisers does not significantly differ from two subsamples of a microbial biofilm that vary in arsenite concentrations. GM1 is the first psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser to be isolated with the ability to grow below 10°C. This ability to grow at low temperatures could be harnessed for arsenic bioremediation in moderate to cold climates.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1471-2180-10-205","usgsCitation":"Osborne, T.H., Jamieson, H.E., Hudson-Edwards, K.A., Nordstrom, D.K., Walker, S.R., Ward, S.A., and Santini, J.M., 2010, Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser: BMC Microbiology, v. 10, no. 205, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-205.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-017174","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"205","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819317e4b0e2f5d463b7b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osborne, Thomas H.","contributorId":195346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamieson, Heather E.","contributorId":150176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson-Edwards, Karen A.","contributorId":195345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson-Edwards","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, Stephen R.","contributorId":195350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ward, Seamus A.","contributorId":168896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Seamus","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santini, Joanne M.","contributorId":168895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santini","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189133,"text":"70189133 - 2010 - Productivity, embryo and eggshell characteristics, and contaminants in bald eagles from the Great Lakes, USA, 1986 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T15:58:45","indexId":"70189133","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity, embryo and eggshell characteristics, and contaminants in bald eagles from the Great Lakes, USA, 1986 to 2000","docAbstract":"

Chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in eggs of fish-eating birds from contaminated environments such as the Great Lakes of North America tend to be highly intercorrelated, making it difficult to elucidate mechanisms causing reproductive impairment, and to ascribe cause to specific chemicals. An information- theoretic approach was used on data from 197 salvaged bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) eggs (159 clutches) that failed to hatch in Michigan and Ohio, USA (1986–2000). Contaminant levels declined over time while eggshell thickness increased, and by 2000 was at pre-1946 levels. The number of occupied territories and productivity increased during 1981 to 2004. For both the entire dataset and a subset of nests along the Great Lakes shoreline, polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs, fresh wet wt) were generally included in the most parsimonious models (lowest-Akaike's information criterion [AICs]) describing productivity, with significant declines in productivity observed above 26 µg/g ΣPCBs (fresh wet wt). Of 73 eggs with a visible embryo, eight (11%) were abnormal, including three with skewed bills, but they were not associated with known teratogens, including ΣPCBs. Eggs with visible embryos had greater concentrations of all measured contaminants than eggs without visible embryos; the most parsimonious models describing the presence of visible embryos incorporated dieldrin equivalents and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). There were significant negative correlations between eggshell thickness and all contaminants, with ΣPCBs included in the most parsimonious models. There were, however, no relationships between productivity and eggshell thickness or Ratcliffe's index. The ΣPCBs and DDE were negatively associated with nest success of bald eagles in the Great Lakes watersheds, but the mechanism does not appear to be via shell quality effects, at least at current contaminant levels, while it is not clear what other mechanisms were involved.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.195","usgsCitation":"Best, D.A., Elliott, K., Bowerman, W., Shieldcastle, M.C., Postupalsky, S., Kubiak, T.J., Tillitt, D.E., and Elliott, J., 2010, Productivity, embryo and eggshell characteristics, and contaminants in bald eagles from the Great Lakes, USA, 1986 to 2000: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 7, p. 1581-1592, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.195.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1581","endPage":"1592","ipdsId":"IP-007522","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -79.69482421875,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -79.69482421875,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 40.04443758460856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5957635ae4b0d1f9f051b6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Best, David A.","contributorId":194063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Best","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Kyle","contributorId":95347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowerman, William","contributorId":175392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shieldcastle, Mark C.","contributorId":189699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shieldcastle","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Postupalsky, Sergej","contributorId":194064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Postupalsky","given":"Sergej","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kubiak, Timothy J.","contributorId":74447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Elliott, John E.","contributorId":169675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189667,"text":"sir20105025D - 2010 - Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189667,"text":"sir20105025D - 2010 - Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","indexId":"sir20105025D","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","title":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98205,"text":"sir20105025 - 2010 - Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","indexId":"sir20105025","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":98205,"text":"sir20105025 - 2010 - Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","indexId":"sir20105025","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T13:26:40","indexId":"sir20105025D","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5025","chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","title":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","docAbstract":"

This chapter compiles available chemical and radiation toxicity information for plants and animals from the scientific literature on naturally occurring uranium and associated radionuclides. Specifically, chemical and radiation hazards associated with radionuclides in the uranium decay series including uranium, thallium, thorium, bismuth, radium, radon, protactinium, polonium, actinium, and francium were the focus of the literature compilation. In addition, exposure pathways and a food web specific to the segregation areas were developed. Major biological exposure pathways considered were ingestion, inhalation, absorption, and bioaccumulation, and biota categories included microbes, invertebrates, plants, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. These data were developed for incorporation into a risk assessment to be conducted as part of an environmental impact statement for the Bureau of Land Management, which would identify representative plants and animals and their relative sensitivities to exposure of uranium and associated radionuclides. This chapter provides pertinent information to aid in the development of such an ecological risk assessment but does not estimate or derive guidance thresholds for radionuclides associated with uranium.

Previous studies have not attempted to quantify the risks to biota caused directly by the chemical or radiation releases at uranium mining sites, although some information is available for uranium mill tailings and uranium mine closure activities. Research into the biological impacts of uranium exposure is strongly biased towards human health and exposure related to enriched or depleted uranium associated with the nuclear energy industry rather than naturally occurring uranium associated with uranium mining. Nevertheless, studies have reported that uranium and other radionuclides can affect the survival, growth, and reproduction of plants and animals.

Exposure to chemical and radiation hazards is influenced by a plant’s or an animal’s life history and surrounding environment. Various species of plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals found in the segregation areas that are considered species of concern by State and Federal agencies were included in the development of the site-specific food web. The utilization of subterranean habitats (burrows in uranium-rich areas, burrows in waste rock piles or reclaimed mining areas, mine tunnels) in the seasonally variable but consistently hot, arid environment is of particular concern in the segregation areas. Certain species of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals in the segregation areas spend significant amounts of time in burrows where they can inhale or ingest uranium and other radionuclides through digging, eating, preening, and hibernating. Herbivores may also be exposed though the ingestion of radionuclides that have been aerially deposited on vegetation. Measured tissues concentrations of uranium and other radionuclides are not available for any species of concern in the segregation areas. The sensitivity of these animals to uranium exposure is unknown based on the existing scientific literature, and species-specific uranium presumptive effects levels were only available for two endangered fish species known to inhabit the segregation areas.

Overall, the chemical toxicity data available for biological receptors of concern were limited, although chemical and radiation toxicity guidance values are available from several sources. However, caution should be used when directly applying these values to northern Arizona given the unique habitat and life history strategies of biological receptors in the segregation areas and the fact that some guidance values are based on models rather than empirical (laboratory or field) data. No chemical toxicity information based on empirical data is available for reptiles, birds, or wild mammals; therefore, the risks associated with uranium and other radionuclides are unknown for these biota.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5025)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105025D","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Linder, G.L., Finger, S.E., Little, E.E., Tillitt, D.E., and Kuhne, W., 2010, Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5025, 69, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105025D.","productDescription":"69","startPage":"283","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5025/pdf/sir2010-5025_biology.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 37.1\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 37.1\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 37.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766 jhinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":2743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"jhinck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuhne, Wendy","contributorId":194911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhne","given":"Wendy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98453,"text":"ofr20101110 - 2010 - Gas, oil, and water production from Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields in the Piceance Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T20:40:55.334098","indexId":"ofr20101110","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1110","title":"Gas, oil, and water production from Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields in the Piceance Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Gas, oil, and water production data for tight gas reservoirs were compiled from selected wells in western Colorado. These reservoir rocks—the relatively shallow Paleogene Wasatch G sandstone interval in the Parachute and Rulison fields and fluvial sandstones in the deeper Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group in the Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields—are characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and the presence of clay minerals in pore space. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after production commenced, which was generally in the 1990s. For each producing interval, summary diagrams of oil-versus-gas and water-versus-gas production show fluid production rates, the change in rates during five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified.

Dry gas is produced from the Wasatch G interval and wet gas is produced from the Mesaverde Group. Production from the Wasatch G interval is also almost completely free of water, but water production commences with gas production in wells producing from the Mesaverde Group—all of these wells have water-gas ratios exceeding the amount that could exist dissolved in gas at reservoir temperature and pressure. The lack of produced water from the Wasatch G interval is attributed to expansion of the gas accumulation with uplift and erosion. The reported underpressure of the Wasatch G interval is here attributed to hydraulic connection to the atmosphere by outcrops in the Colorado River valley at an elevation lower than that of the gas fields.

The amount of reduction of gas production over the five-year time span between the first and second samples is roughly one-half, with median values of second-sample to first-sample gas-production ratios ranging from 0.40 for Rulison-Mesaverde to 0.63 for Rulison-Wasatch G. Commencing with the first sample, the logarithm-of-production rate appears to decline linearly with time in many wells. However, water production is much more erratic as a function of time from an individual well and also from one well to the next within a field. Water production can either decrease or increase with time (from the first to the second sample). In this study, slightly more than half the wells producing from the Mesaverde Group show decreases in water production with time. Plots of water decline versus gas decline show little relation between the two, with only the wells in Rulison field displaying some tendency for water and gas to decline proportionately.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101110","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Santus, S.L., 2010, Gas, oil, and water production from Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields in the Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1110, v, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 24.00 × 16.00 inches; 6 Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101110.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 24.00 × 16.00 inches; 6 Appendices; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1110.jpg"},{"id":404392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93283.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields, Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.5208,\n 39.1333\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 39.1333\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -108.5208,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -108.5208,\n 39.1333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98451,"text":"sir20105064 - 2010 - Land Disturbance Associated with Oil and Gas Development and Effects of Development-Related Land Disturbance on Dissolved-Solids Loads in Streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1991, 2007, and 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:47:16","indexId":"sir20105064","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5064","title":"Land Disturbance Associated with Oil and Gas Development and Effects of Development-Related Land Disturbance on Dissolved-Solids Loads in Streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1991, 2007, and 2025","docAbstract":"Oil and gas resource development in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) has increased substantially since the year 2000. The UCRB encompasses several significant oil and gas producing areas that have the potential for continued oil and gas resource development. Land disturbance associated with oil and gas resource development is caused by activities related to constructing drill pads to contain drilling and well maintenance equipment and roads to access the drill pad. Land disturbed by oil and gas development has the potential to cause increased erosion, stream degradation, habitat fragmentation and alteration, and increase public use of areas that may be environmentally sensitive. Land disturbance resulting from oil and gas resource development has not been monitored and mapped on a regional scale in the UCRB. However, information on the location and age of oil and gas wells in the UCRB is available. These data combined with geographic data analysis and modeling techniques were used to estimate the total area of disturbed land associated with oil and gas resource development in 1991 and in 2007 in the UCRB. Additional information about anticipated oil and gas development in the UCRB was used to project land disturbance to the year 2025. Results of the analysis indicate that approximately 117,500 acres (183 mi2) of total land disturbance was associated with drill pads and related roads in the UCRB in 1991. The estimated area of disturbed land associated with oil and gas development increased 53 percent to 179,400 acres (280 mi2) in 2007. Projecting oil and gas development through 2025 results in a potential near doubling of the land surface disturbance to approximately 319,300 acres (500 mi2).\r\n\r\nEstimated land disturbance for 1991 and 2007 were input to a contaminant transport model developed for the UCRB to assess the statistical significance of energy-related land disturbance to contributing dissolved solids to basin streams. The statistical assessment was an observational study based on an existing model and available water-quality monitoring data for the basin. No new data were collected for the analysis. The source coefficient calibrated for the disturbed lands associated with oil and gas development in 2007 was zero, which indicated that estimated land disturbance from oil and gas development is not statistically significant in explaining dissolved solids in UCRB streams. The lack of significance in the contaminant transport modeling framework may be due to the amount of available monitoring data, the spatial distribution of monitoring sites with respect to land disturbance, or the overall quantity of land disturbance associated with oil and gas development basin wide. Finally, dissolved-solids loads derived from natural landscapes may be similar to loads derived from lands disturbed by oil and gas resource development. The model recalibration done for this study confirms calibration results from Kenney and others (2009): the most significant contributor to dissolved solids in the UCRB is irrigated agricultural land, which covers an area substantially larger than the estimated area disturbed by oil and gas development and is subjected to artificially applied water.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureaus of Land Management and Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Buto, S.G., Kenney, T.A., and Gerner, S.J., 2010, Land Disturbance Associated with Oil and Gas Development and Effects of Development-Related Land Disturbance on Dissolved-Solids Loads in Streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1991, 2007, and 2025: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5064, viii, 35 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105064.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5064.jpg"},{"id":13718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35 ], [ -114,43 ], [ -105,43 ], [ -105,35 ], [ -114,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenney, Terry A. 0000-0003-4477-7295 tkenney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7295","contributorId":447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"Terry","email":"tkenney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98450,"text":"sir20105116 - 2010 - Chemical Constituents in Groundwater from Multiple Zones in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2005-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20105116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5116","title":"Chemical Constituents in Groundwater from Multiple Zones in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2005-08","docAbstract":"From 2005 to 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey's Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected water-quality samples from multiple water-bearing zones in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Water samples were collected from six monitoring wells completed in about 350-700 feet of the upper part of the aquifer, and the samples were analyzed for major ions, selected trace elements, nutrients, selected radiochemical constituents, and selected stable isotopes. Each well was equipped with a multilevel monitoring system containing four to seven sampling ports that were each isolated by permanent packer systems. The sampling ports were installed in aquifer zones that were highly transmissive and that represented the water chemistry of the top four to five model layers of a steady-state and transient groundwater-flow model. The model's water chemistry and particle-tracking simulations are being used to better define movement of wastewater constituents in the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe results of the water chemistry analyses indicated that, in each of four separate wells, one zone of water differed markedly from the other zones in the well. In four wells, one zone to as many as five zones contained radiochemical constituents that originated from wastewater disposal at selected laboratory facilities. The multilevel sampling systems are defining the vertical distribution of wastewater constituents in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer and the concentrations of wastewater constituents in deeper zones in wells Middle 2051, USGS 132, and USGS 103 support the concept of groundwater flow deepening in the southwestern part of the INL.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/ID-22211","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., and Twining, B.V., 2010, Chemical Constituents in Groundwater from Multiple Zones in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2005-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5116, viii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105116.","productDescription":"viii, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5116.jpg"},{"id":13717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,43 ], [ -114,44.25 ], [ -112,44.25 ], [ -112,43 ], [ -114,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188513,"text":"70188513 - 2010 - Paleoclimates: Understanding climate change past and present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:44:08","indexId":"70188513","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Paleoclimates: Understanding climate change past and present","docAbstract":"

The field of paleoclimatology relies on physical, chemical, and biological proxies of past climate changes that have been preserved in natural archives such as glacial ice, tree rings, sediments, corals, and speleothems. Paleoclimate archives obtained through field investigations, ocean sediment coring expeditions, ice sheet coring programs, and other projects allow scientists to reconstruct climate change over much of earth's history.

When combined with computer model simulations, paleoclimatic reconstructions are used to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change, such as greenhouse gases, solar variability, earth's orbital variations, and hydrological, oceanic, and tectonic processes. This book is a comprehensive, state-of-the art synthesis of paleoclimate research covering all geological timescales, emphasizing topics that shed light on modern trends in the earth's climate. Thomas M. Cronin discusses recent discoveries about past periods of global warmth, changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, abrupt climate and sea-level change, natural temperature variability, and other topics directly relevant to controversies over the causes and impacts of climate change. This text is geared toward advanced undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in geology, geography, biology, glaciology, oceanography, atmospheric sciences, and climate modeling, fields that contribute to paleoclimatology. This volume can also serve as a reference for those requiring a general background on natural climate variability.

","language":"English","publisher":"Columbia University Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"978-0231144940","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., 2010, Paleoclimates: Understanding climate change past and present, 448 p.","productDescription":"448 p.","ipdsId":"IP-042477","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ee4b0764e6c65dc8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154978,"text":"70154978 - 2010 - Climate change, cranes, and temperate floodplain ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T11:29:31","indexId":"70154978","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Climate change, cranes, and temperate floodplain ecosystems","docAbstract":"

Floodplain ecosystems provide important habitat to cranes globally. Lateral, longitudinal, vertical, and temporal hydrologic connectivity in rivers is essential to maintaining the functions and values of these systems. Agricultural development, flood control, water diversions, dams, and other anthropogenic activities have greatly affected hydrologic connectivity of river systems worldwide and altered the functional capacity of these systems. Although the specific effects of climate change in any given area are unknown, increased intensity and frequency of flooding and droughts and increased air and water temperatures are among many potential effects that can act synergistically with existing human modifications in these systems to create even greater challenges in maintaining ecosystem productivity. In this paper, I review basic hydrologic and geomorphic processes of river systems and use three North American rivers (Guadalupe, Platte, and Rio Grande) that are important to cranes as case studies to illustrate the challenges facing managers tasked with balancing the needs of cranes and people in the face of an uncertain climatic future. Each river system has unique natural and anthropogenic characteristics that will affect conservation strategies. Mitigating the effects of climate change on river systems necessitates an understanding of river/floodplain/landscape linkages, which include people and their laws as well as existing floodplain ecosystem conditions.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cranes, agriculture, and climate change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceDate":"May 28 - June 2, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Baraboo, WI","language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., 2010, Climate change, cranes, and temperate floodplain ecosystems, in Cranes, agriculture, and climate change, Baraboo, WI, May 28 - June 2, 2010, p. 28-34.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-022579","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84cae4b092b266f10ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98448,"text":"ofr20101098 - 2010 - Flood of September 2008 in Northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T13:41:43","indexId":"ofr20101098","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1098","title":"Flood of September 2008 in Northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"

During September 12-15, 2008, rainfall ranging from 2 to more than 11 inches fell on northwestern Indiana. The rainfall resulted in extensive flooding on many streams within the Lake Michigan and Kankakee River Basins during September 12-18, causing two deaths, evacuation of hundreds of residents, and millions of dollars of damage to residences, businesses, and infrastructure. In all, six counties in northwestern Indiana were declared Federal disaster areas. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages at four locations recorded new record peak streamflows as a result of the heavy rainfall. Peak-gage-height data, peak-streamflow data, annual exceedance probabilities, and recurrence intervals are tabulated in this report for 10 USGS streamgages in northwestern Indiana. Recurrence intervals of flood-peak streamflows were estimated to be greater than 100 years at six streamgages. Because flooding was particularly severe in the communities of Munster, Dyer, Hammond, Highland, Gary, Lake Station, Hobart, Schererville, Merrillville, Michiana Shores, and Portage, high-water-park data collected after the flood were tabulated for those communities. Flood peak inundation maps and water-surface profiles for selected streams were made in a geographic information system by combining high-water-mark data with the highest resolution digital elevation model data available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101098","collaboration":"In Cooperation With the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., Kim, M.H., Menke, C.D., and Arvin, D.V., 2010, Flood of September 2008 in Northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1098, vi, 12 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101098.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1098.jpg"},{"id":13715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.33333333333333,40.75 ], [ -87.33333333333333,41.75 ], [ -86,41.75 ], [ -86,40.75 ], [ -87.33333333333333,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e703d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arvin, Donald V. dvarvin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvin","given":"Donald","email":"dvarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217567,"text":"70217567 - 2010 - Structured decision-making and rapid prototyping to plan a management response to an invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T23:50:41.15525","indexId":"70217567","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-11T17:42:45","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structured decision-making and rapid prototyping to plan a management response to an invasive species","docAbstract":"

We developed components of a decision structure that could be used in an adaptive management framework for responding to invasion of hemlock woolly adelgid Adeleges tsugae on the Cumberland Plateau of northern Tennessee. Hemlock woolly adelgid, an invasive forest pest, was first detected in this area in 2007. We used a structured decision-making process to identify and refine the management problem, objectives, and alternative management actions, and to assess consequences and tradeoffs among selected management alternatives. We identified four fundamental objectives: 1) conserve the aquatic and terrestrial riparian conservation targets, 2) protect and preserve hemlock, 3) develop and maintain adequate budget, and 4) address public concerns. We designed two prototype responses using an iterative process. By rapidly prototyping a first solution, insights were gained and shortcomings were identified, and some of these shortcomings were incorporated and corrected in the second prototype. We found that objectives were best met when management focused on early treatment of lightly to moderately infested but relatively healthy hemlock stands with biological control agent predator beetles and insect-killing fungi. Also, depending on the cost constraint, early treatment should be coupled with silvicultural management of moderately to severely infested and declining hemlock stands to accelerate conversion to nonhemlock mature forest cover. The two most valuable contributions of the structured decision-making process were 1) clarification and expansion of our objectives, and 2) application of tools to assess tradeoffs and predict consequences of alternative actions. Predicting consequences allowed us to evaluate the influence of uncertainty on the decision. For example, we found that the expected number of mature forest stands over 30 y would be increased by 4% by resolving the uncertainty regarding predator beetle effectiveness. The adaptive management framework requires further development including identifying and evaluating uncertainty, formalizing other competing predictive models, designing a monitoring program to update the predictive models, developing a process for re-evaluating the predictive models and incorporating new management technologies, and generating support for planning and implementation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-025","usgsCitation":"Blomquist, S.M., Johnson, T.D., Smith, D.R., Call, G.P., Miller, B.N., Thurman, W.M., McFadden, J.E., Parkin, M.J., and Bloomer, G.S., 2010, Structured decision-making and rapid prototyping to plan a management response to an invasive species: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 1, no. 1, p. 19-32, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blomquist, S. M.","contributorId":103409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blomquist","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Trisha D.","contributorId":248261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Trisha","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Call, Geoff P.","contributorId":248262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Call","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Brant N.","contributorId":248263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Brant","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thurman, W. Mark","contributorId":248264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McFadden, Jamie E.","contributorId":248265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parkin, Mary J.","contributorId":49671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkin","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bloomer, G. Scott","contributorId":248266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloomer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70156404,"text":"70156404 - 2010 - A geochemical module for \"AMDTreat\" to compute caustic quantity, effluent quantity, and sludge volume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T16:05:56.520884","indexId":"70156404","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A geochemical module for \"AMDTreat\" to compute caustic quantity, effluent quantity, and sludge volume","docAbstract":"

Treatment with caustic chemicals typically is used to increase pH and decrease concentrations of dissolved aluminum, iron, and/or manganese in largevolume, metal-laden discharges from active coal mines. Generally, aluminum and iron can be removed effectively at near-neutral pH (6 to 8), whereas active manganese removal requires treatment to alkaline pH (~10). The treatment cost depends on the specific chemical used (NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, or NH3) and increases with the quantities of chemical added and sludge produced. The pH and metals concentrations do not change linearly with the amount of chemical added. Consequently, the amount of caustic chemical needed to achieve a target pH and the corresponding effluent composition and sludge volume can not be accurately determined without empirical titration data or the application of geochemical models to simulate the titration of the discharge water with caustic chemical(s). The AMDTreat computer program (http://amd.osmre.gov/ ) is widely used to compute costs for treatment of coal-mine drainage. Although AMDTreat can use results of empirical titration with industrial grade caustic chemicals to compute chemical costs for treatment of net-acidic or net-alkaline mine drainage, such data are rarely available. To improve the capability of AMDTreat to estimate (1) the quantity and cost of caustic chemicals to attain a target pH, (2) the concentrations of dissolved metals in treated effluent, and (3) the volume of sludge produced by the treatment, a titration simulation is being developed using the geochemical program PHREEQC (wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/phreeqc/) that will be coupled as a module to AMDTreat. The simulated titration results can be compared with or used in place of empirical titration data to estimate chemical quantities and costs. This paper describes the development, evaluation, and potential utilization of the PHREEQC titration module for AMDTreat.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Joint Mining Reclamation Conference 2010: 27th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, 12th Annual Pennsylvania Abandoned Mine Reclamation Conference and 4th Annual Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative Mined Land Reforestation Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 5-11 June 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Mining Reclamation Conference 2010","conferenceDate":"June 5-11 2010","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mining and Reclamation","doi":"10.21000/JASMR10011413","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., Parkhurst, D.L., Means, B.P., McKenzie, B., Morris, H., and Arthur, B., 2010, A geochemical module for \"AMDTreat\" to compute caustic quantity, effluent quantity, and sludge volume, in Joint Mining Reclamation Conference 2010: 27th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, 12th Annual Pennsylvania Abandoned Mine Reclamation Conference and 4th Annual Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative Mined Land Reforestation Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 5-11 June 2010, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 5-11 2010, p. 1413-1436, https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR10011413.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1436","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025619","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr10011413","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"\"Cal Pike\" coal mine, Western Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c3de4b0ebfbef0d3126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Means, Brent P","contributorId":140842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Means","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Bob","contributorId":146810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, Harry","contributorId":146811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arthur, Bill","contributorId":146812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98447,"text":"sir20105067 - 2010 - Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative Science and Management Workshop Proceedings, May 12-14, 2009, Laramie, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"sir20105067","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5067","title":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative Science and Management Workshop Proceedings, May 12-14, 2009, Laramie, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hosted the second Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) Science and Management Workshop at the University of Wyoming Conference Center and Hilton Garden Inn on May 12, 13, and 14, 2009, in Laramie, Wyo.\r\n\r\nThe workshop focused on six topics seen as relevant to ongoing WLCI science and management activities: mapping and modeling resources for decisionmaking; data information and management; fish and wildlife research; changing landscapes; monitoring; and reclamation and offsite mitigation.\r\n\r\nPanelists gave presentations on ongoing research in these six areas during plenary sessions followed by audience discussions. Three breakout groups focused on discussing wildlife, reclamation, and monitoring. Throughout the plenary sessions, audience discussions, and breakout groups, several needs were repeatedly emphasized by panelists and workshop participants: developing a conservation plan and identifying priority areas and species for conservation actions; gaining a deeper understanding of sagebrush ecology; identifying thresholds for wildlife that can be used to create an 'early warning system' for managers; continuing to collect basic data across the landscape; facilitating even greater communication and partnership across agencies and between scientists and land managers; and engaging proactively in understanding new changes on the landscape such as wind energy development and climate change.\r\n\r\nDetailed proceedings from the workshop are captured and summarized in this report. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105067","usgsCitation":"2010, Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative Science and Management Workshop Proceedings, May 12-14, 2009, Laramie, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5067, viii, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105067.","productDescription":"viii, 27 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":172,"text":"Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5067.jpg"},{"id":13713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de64b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505749,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Erchia, Frank D.","contributorId":112023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Erchia","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parady, K.","contributorId":113573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parady","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mellinger, A. (compiler)","contributorId":111971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mellinger","given":"A.","suffix":"(compiler)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505750,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98441,"text":"sir20095190 - 2010 - Hydraulic Properties of the Magothy and Upper Glacial Aquifers at Centereach, Suffolk County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095190","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5190","title":"Hydraulic Properties of the Magothy and Upper Glacial Aquifers at Centereach, Suffolk County, New York","docAbstract":"Horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storativity of the aquifer system at Centereach, New York, were estimated using analytical multiple-well aquifer test models and compared with results of numerical regional flow modeling and hydrogeologic framework studies. During the initial operation of production well S125632 in May 2008, continuous water-level and temperature data were collected at a cluster of five partially penetrating observation wells, located about 100 feet (ft) from S125632, and at observation well S33380, located about 10,000 ft from S125632. Data collection intervals ranged from 30 seconds to 30 minutes and analytical model calibration was conducted using visual trial-and-error techniques with time series parsed to 30-minute intervals. The following assumptions were applied to analytical models: (1) infinite aerial extent, (2) homogeneity, (3) uniform 600-ft aquifer thickness, (4) unsteady flow, (5) instantaneous release from storage with the decline in head, (6) no storage within pumped wells, (7) a constant-head plane adjacent to bounding confining units, and (8) no horizontal component of flow through confining units.\r\n\r\nPreliminary estimates of horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of 50 ft per day horizontal and 0.5 ft per day vertical were extrapolated from previous flow modeling and hydrogeologic framework studies of the Magothy aquifer. Two applications were then developed from the Hantush analytical model. Model A included only the pumping stress of S125632, whereas model B included the concurrent pumping stresses from two other production well fields (wells S66496 and S32551). Model A provided a sufficient match to the observed water-level responses from pumping, whereas model B more accurately reproduced water levels similar to those observed during non-pumping of S125632, as well as some effects of interference from the concurrent pumping nearby. In both models, storativity was estimated to be 0.003 (dimensionless) and the Hantush leakage parameter '1/B' was estimated to be 0.00083 ft-1. Representation of leakage across the overlying confining layer was likely complicated by: (1) irregularities in surface altitude and (2) groundwater recharge due to rainfall during the aquifer test.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Misut, P.E., and Busciolano, R., 2010, Hydraulic Properties of the Magothy and Upper Glacial Aquifers at Centereach, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5190, vi, 23 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095190.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5190.jpg"},{"id":13706,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.13333333333334,40.8 ], [ -73.13333333333334,40.9 ], [ -73,40.9 ], [ -73,40.8 ], [ -73.13333333333334,40.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, Paul E. 0000-0002-6502-5255 pemisut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-5255","contributorId":1073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","email":"pemisut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busciolano, Ronald 0000-0002-9257-8453 rjbuscio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-8453","contributorId":1059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"Ronald","email":"rjbuscio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}