During explosive eruptions, airborne particles collide and stick together, accelerating the fallout of volcanic ash and climate-forcing aerosols. This aggregation process remains a major source of uncertainty both in ash dispersal forecasting and interpretation of eruptions from the geological record. Here we illuminate the mechanisms and timescales of particle aggregation from a well-characterized ‘wet’ eruption. The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano in Alaska incorporated water from the surface (in this case, a glacier), which is a common occurrence during explosive volcanism worldwide. Observations from C-band weather radar, fall deposits, and numerical modeling demonstrate that volcanic hail formed rapidly in the eruption plume, leading to mixed-phase aggregation of ~95% of the fine ash and stripping much of the cloud out of the atmosphere within 30 minutes. Based on these findings, we propose a mechanism of hail-like aggregation that contributes to the anomalously rapid fallout of fine ash and the occurrence of concentrically-layered aggregates in volcanic deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ncomms8860","usgsCitation":"Van Eaton, A., Mastin, L.G., Herzog, M., Schwaiger, H.F., Schneider, D.J., Wallace, K.L., and Clarke, A.B., 2015, Hail formation triggers rapid ash aggregation in volcanic plumes: Nature Communications, v. 6, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8860.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065437","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8860","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324280,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150803/ncomms8860/full/ncomms8860.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.8912353515625,\n 60.411818175211664\n ],\n [\n -152.8912353515625,\n 60.53972302275651\n ],\n [\n -152.56645202636716,\n 60.53972302275651\n ],\n [\n -152.56645202636716,\n 60.411818175211664\n ],\n [\n -152.8912353515625,\n 60.411818175211664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d0831e4b07657d1a37565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":140076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa R.","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, M.","contributorId":92122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwaiger, Hans F. 0000-0001-7397-8833 hschwaiger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-8833","contributorId":4108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwaiger","given":"Hans","email":"hschwaiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clarke, Amanda B","contributorId":172399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clarke","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":12629,"text":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (DETAIL TO BE ADDED)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70168479,"text":"70168479 - 2015 - Landscape and local effects on occupancy and densities of an endangered wood-warbler in an urbanizing landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:44:39","indexId":"70168479","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape and local effects on occupancy and densities of an endangered wood-warbler in an urbanizing landscape","docAbstract":"Golden-cheeked warblers (Setophaga chrysoparia), an endangered wood-warbler, breed exclusively in woodlands co-dominated by Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) in central Texas. Their breeding range is becoming increasingly urbanized and habitat loss and fragmentation are a main threat to the species’ viability.
\nWe investigated the effects of remotely sensed local habitat and landscape attributes on point occupancy and density of warblers in an urban preserve and produced a spatially explicit density map for the preserve using model-supported relationships.
\nWe conducted 1507 point-count surveys during spring 2011–2014 across Balcones Canyonlands Preserve (BCP) to evaluate warbler habitat associations and predict density of males. We used hierarchical Bayesian models to estimate multiple components of detection probability and evaluate covariate effects on detection probability, point occupancy, and density.
\nPoint occupancy was positively related to landscape forest cover and local canopy cover; mean occupancy was 0.83. Density was influenced more by local than landscape factors. Density increased with greater amounts of juniper and mixed forest and decreased with more open edge. There was a weak negative relationship between density and landscape urban land cover.
\nLandscape composition and habitat structure were important determinants of warbler occupancy and density, and the large intact patches of juniper and mixed forest on BCP (>2100 ha) supported a high density of warblers. Increasing urbanization and fragmentation in the surrounding landscape will likely result in lower breeding density due to loss of juniper and mixed forest and increasing urban land cover and edge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-015-0250-0","usgsCitation":"Reidy, J., Thompson III, F., Amundson, C.L., and O’Donnell, L., 2015, Landscape and local effects on occupancy and densities of an endangered wood-warbler in an urbanizing landscape: Landscape Ecology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 365-382, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0250-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"382","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063535","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Travis County","otherGeospatial":"Balcones Canyonlands Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.01040649414062,\n 30.234154095850688\n ],\n [\n -98.01040649414062,\n 30.57053816380884\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 30.57053816380884\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 30.234154095850688\n ],\n [\n -98.01040649414062,\n 30.234154095850688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4564ae4b0946c6521855e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reidy, Jennifer","contributorId":166951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reidy","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson III, Frank R.","contributorId":166950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson III","given":"Frank R.","affiliations":[{"id":5121,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Donnell, Lisa","contributorId":166952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24578,"text":"City of Austin, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192870,"text":"70192870 - 2015 - Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T14:56:00","indexId":"70192870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice","docAbstract":"Four species of threatened or declining eider ducks that nest in the Arctic migrate through the northeast Chukchi Sea, where anticipated industrial development may require prioritizing areas for conservation. In this nearshore corridor (10–40 m depth), the eiders’ access to benthic prey during the spring is restricted to variable areas of open water within sea ice. For the most abundant species, the king eider (Somateria spectabilis), stable isotopes in blood cells, muscle, and potential prey indicate that these eiders ate mainly bivalves when traversing this corridor. Bivalves there were much smaller than the same taxa in deeper areas of the northern Bering Sea, possibly due to higher mortality rates caused by ice scour in shallow water; future decrease in seasonal duration of fast ice may increase this effect. Computer simulations suggested that if these eiders forage for >15 h/day, they can feed profitably at bivalve densities >200 m−2 regardless of water depth or availability of ice for resting. Sampling in 2010–2012 showed that large areas of profitable prey densities occurred only in certain locations throughout the migration corridor. Satellite data in April–May over 13 years (2001–2013) indicated that access to major feeding areas through sea ice in different segments of the corridor can vary from 0% to 100% between months and years. In a warming and increasingly variable climate, unpredictability of access may be enhanced by greater effects of shifting winds on unconsolidated ice. Our results indicate the importance of having a range of potential feeding areas throughout the migration corridor to ensure prey availability in all years. Spatial planning of nearshore industrial development in the Arctic, including commercial shipping, pipeline construction, and the risk of released oil, should consider these effects of high environmental variability on the adequacy of habitats targeted for conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.014","usgsCitation":"Lovvorn, J.R., Rocha, A.R., Jewett, S.C., Dasher, D., Oppel, S., and Powell, A., 2015, Limits to benthic feeding by eiders in a vital Arctic migration corridor due to localized prey and changing sea ice: Progress in Oceanography, v. 136, p. 162-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-060283","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":" Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170,\n 68.31002672261663\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 68.31002672261663\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 71.99936944350677\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 71.99936944350677\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 68.31002672261663\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"136","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb44e4b09af898c8ccd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovvorn, James R.","contributorId":167714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocha, Aariel R.","contributorId":200101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocha","given":"Aariel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jewett, Stephen C.","contributorId":94397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dasher, Douglas","contributorId":200102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dasher","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oppel, Steffen","contributorId":44432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"Steffen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, Abby 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":176843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137893,"text":"70137893 - 2015 - Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T16:34:33.45192","indexId":"70137893","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska","docAbstract":"Passive optical remote sensing of high latitude regions faces many challenges including a short acquisition season and poor illumination due to low solar elevation. Additional complications are encountered in the identification of surface minerals for mineral resource characterization because minerals of interest commonly are exposed on steep terrain, further challenging reflectance retrieval and detection of mineral signatures. On shallow slopes and flat terrain, vegetation cover can interfere with or obscure the absorption features of minerals in rock and soil. The USGS is conducting a study to examine the viability of using remote sensing techniques for identification of large-tonnage, base metal-rich deposits in Alaska.
","conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2015","conferenceDate":"July 26-31, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Milan, Italy","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Hoefen, T.M., Graham, G., Kelly, K., Johnson, M., Hubbard, B., and Goldfarb, R., 2015, Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska, IGARSS 2015, Milan, Italy, July 26-31, 2015, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062384","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 58.90464570302001\n ],\n [\n -140.3173828125,\n 58.90464570302001\n ],\n [\n -140.3173828125,\n 69.14692017504962\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 69.14692017504962\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 58.90464570302001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650524ee4b0f162148c5d13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Garth","contributorId":11924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, Karen","contributorId":147239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela 0000-0001-6133-0247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":150010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard","contributorId":150011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard","contributorId":14409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70155243,"text":"ofr20151138 - 2015 - Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T09:28:01","indexId":"ofr20151138","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1138","title":"Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Located approximately 80 kilometers northwest of Anchorage, Alaska, the Susitna Basin is a complex sedimentary basin whose tectonic history has been poorly understood. Recent interpretation of two-dimensional seismic reflection data integrated with well, aeromagnetic, and gravity data provides new insights into the structural and stratigraphic nature of the basin.
\nThis report presents an interpretation of 41 two-dimensional seismic reflection lines, acquired by industry from the 1960s to the 1980s. Our interpretation of the seismic data focused mainly on picking two Eocene stratigraphic units and a presumed base of Tertiary horizon. Based on our interpretation of the seismic data, the structural features in the basin appear to be generally contractional, as evidenced by the presence of many reverse faults, thrust faults, and folds, with the contraction mainly oriented east-west. This result is contrary to prior inferences of most previous geologic studies that showed normal faults. Several regional reverse faults have been identified in the seismic data and appear to divide the basin into three regions or “sides”: east, west, and south.
\nThe eastern seismic lines show evidence of numerous short-wavelength antiforms that appear to correspond to a series of northeast-trending lineations observed in aeromagnetic data, which have been interpreted as being due to folding of Paleogene volcanic strata. The eastern side of the basin is also cut by a number of reverse faults and thrust faults, the majority of which strike north-south. The western side of the Susitna Basin is cut by a series of regional reverse faults and is characterized by synformal structures in two fault blocks between the Kahiltna River and Skwentna faults. These synforms are progressively deeper to the west in the footwalls of the east-vergent Skwentna and northeast-vergent Beluga Mountain reverse faults. Although the seismic data are limited to the south, we interpret a potential regional south-southeast-directed reverse fault striking east-northeast on the east side of the basin that may cross the entire southern portion of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151138","usgsCitation":"Lewis, K.A., Potter, C.J., Shah, A.K., Stanley, R.G., Haeussler, P.J., and Saltus, R.W., 2015, Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1138, 51 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151138.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 51 p.; Figures","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066228","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/ofr20151138.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1138"},{"id":306217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/downloads","text":"Full-size, high-resolution figures"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Susitna Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 61.12201916813026\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 62.24746627771428\n ],\n [\n -149.0625,\n 62.24746627771428\n ],\n [\n -149.0625,\n 61.12201916813026\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 61.12201916813026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
http://energy.usgs.gov/
While continuous monitoring of streamflow and temperature has been common for some time, there is great potential to expand continuous monitoring to include water quality parameters such as nutrients, turbidity, oxygen, and dissolved organic material. In many systems, distinguishing between watershed and stream ecosystem controls can be challenging. The usefulness of such monitoring can be enhanced by the application of quantitative models to interpret observed patterns in real time. Examples are discussed primarily from the glacial meltwater streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Although the Dry Valley landscape is barren of plants, many streams harbor thriving cyanobacterial mats. Whereas a daily cycle of streamflow is controlled by the surface energy balance on the glaciers and the temporal pattern of solar exposure, the daily signal for biogeochemical processes controlling water quality is generated along the stream. These features result in an excellent outdoor laboratory for investigating fundamental ecosystem process and the development and validation of process‐based models. As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long‐Term Ecological Research project, we have conducted field experiments and developed coupled biogeochemical transport models for the role of hyporheic exchange in controlling weathering reactions, microbial nitrogen cycling, and stream temperature regulation. We have adapted modeling approaches from sediment transport to understand mobilization of stream biomass with increasing flows. These models help to elucidate the role of in‐stream processes in systems where watershed processes also contribute to observed patterns, and may serve as a test case for applying real‐time stream ecosystem models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017618","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Cozzetto, K.D., Cullis, J.D., Gooseff, M.N., Jaros, C., Koch, J.C., Lyons, W.B., Neupauer, R.M., and Wlostowski, A.N., 2015, Potential for real‐time understanding of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in stream ecosystems: Future integration of telemetered data with process models for glacial meltwater streams: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 8, p. 6725-6738, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017618.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6725","endPage":"6738","ipdsId":"IP-066061","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017618","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcbc1e4b0f5d57878ecbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzetto, Karen D.","contributorId":44461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzetto","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cullis, James D. S.","contributorId":206559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullis","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaros, Christopher","contributorId":206566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaros","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, W. Berry","contributorId":73497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Berry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neupauer, Roseanna M.","contributorId":176580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neupauer","given":"Roseanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wlostowski, Adam N. 0000-0001-5703-9916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-9916","contributorId":191365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wlostowski","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70148634,"text":"sim3335 - 2015 - Geologic Map of Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:24:06","indexId":"sim3335","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-29T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3335","title":"Geologic Map of Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"This map updates the geology of Baranof Island based on fieldwork, petrographic analyses, paleontologic ages, and isotopic ages. These new data provide constraints on depositional and metamorphic ages of lithostratigraphic rock units and the timing of structures that separate them. Kinematic analyses and thermobarometric calculations provide insights on the regional tectonic processes that affected the rocks on Baranof Island. The rocks on Baranof Island are components of a Paleozoic to Early Tertiary oceanic volcanic arc complex, including sedimentary and volcanic rocks that were deposited on and adjacent to the arc complex, deformed, and accreted. The arc complex consists of greenschist to amphibolite facies Paleozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks overlain by lower-grade Triassic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks and intruded by Jurassic calc-alkaline plutons. The Paleozoic rocks correlate well in age and lithology with rocks of the Sicker and Buttle Lake Groups of the Wrangellia terrane on Vancouver Island and differ from rocks of the Skolai Group that constitute basement to type-Wrangellia in the Wrangell Mountains. The Jurassic intrusive rocks are correlative with plutons that intrude the Wrangellia terrane on Vancouver Island but are lacking in the Wrangell Mountains. The rocks accreted beneath the arc complex are referred to as the Baranof Accretionary Complex in this report and are correlated with the Chugach Accretionary Complex of southern and southeastern Alaska and with the Pacific Rim Complex on Vancouver Island. Stratigraphic correlations between upper- and lower-plate rocks on Baranof Island and western Chichagof Island with rocks on Haida Gwaii and Vancouver Island, in addition to correlative ages of intrusive rocks and restorations of the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte, Chatham Strait, and Peril Strait Faults that define the Baranof-Chichagof block, suggest Baranof Island was near Vancouver Island at the time of initiation of arc magmatism in the Early Jurassic. Early Eocene plutons that intruded the accretionary complex outboard of the arc on Baranof Island are attributed to anatectic melting of trench sediments resulting from subduction of a spreading center. Oligocene intrusive rocks on Baranof Island correlate in age and composition with intrusive rocks in the Kano Plutonic Suite on Haida Gwaii, and similar magmatic sources are inferred.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3335","usgsCitation":"Karl, S.M., Haeussler, P.J., Himmelberg, G.R., Zumsteg, C.L., Layer, P.W., Friedman, R.M., Roeske, S.M., and Snee, L., 2015, Geologic Map of Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3335, Pamphlet: iv, 82 p.; Map Sheet: 36 x 43.63 inches; Map GIS; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3335.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 82 p.; Map Sheet: 36 x 43.63 inches; Map GIS; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052072","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3335.gif"},{"id":306237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/pdf/sim3335_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamplet"},{"id":306236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/"},{"id":306239,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/downloads/sim3335_GIS.zip","text":"Map GIS","size":"14.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Map GIS","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":306240,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/downloads/sim3335_table_1.xls","text":"Table 1","size":"47 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 1","linkHelpText":"Geochronologic data for the Geologic Map of Baranof Island, Southeastern Alaska"},{"id":306241,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/downloads/sim3555_table_4.xls","text":"Table 4","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data for the Geologic Map of Baranof Island, Southestern Alaska"},{"id":306238,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3335/pdf/sim3335_map.pdf","text":"Map Sheet","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map Sheet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baranof 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0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Himmelberg, Glen R.","contributorId":57921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zumsteg, Cathy L.","contributorId":141226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zumsteg","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Layer, Paul W.","contributorId":59483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Friedman, Richard M.","contributorId":141227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friedman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13720,"text":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roeske, Sarah M.","contributorId":141228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13721,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Califorina Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155522,"text":"b1969B - 2015 - Geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:18:51","indexId":"b1969B","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-24T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1969","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane","docAbstract":"The Alaska Peninsula is composed of the late Paleozoic to Quaternary sedimentary, igneous, and minor metamorphic rocks that record the history of a number of magmatic arcs. These magmatic arcs include an unnamed Late Triassic(?) and Early Jurassic island arc, the early Cenozoic Meshik arc, and the late Cenozoic Aleutian arc. Also found on the Alaska Peninsula is one of the most complete nonmetamorphosed, fossiliferous, marine Jurassic sedimentary sections known. As much as 8,500 m of section of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks record the growth and erosion of the Early Jurassic island arc.
\nA thinner, but still thick (as much as 5,400 m), sequence of Tertiary sedimentary rocks that are predominantly continental overlies the Mesozoic section. A brief regression in early Tertiary time on the Alaska Peninsula and granodiorite plutonism in the Shumagin, Semidi, and Sanak Islands was followed by deposition of fluvial and minor marine clastic strata. This was followed by deposition of transgressive marine clastic strata and initiation of the Meshik arc, shown by an areally extensive outpouring of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and debris between late Eocene and earliest Miocene time. Late Miocene time was marked by another brief transgression and northwest- to southeast-directed compression, followed by renewed volcanism and plutonism which initiated the modern Aleutian magmatic arc.
\nExtensive glacial and glaciomarine deposits of late Pleistocene age create an extensive lowland physiographic province on the northwest side of the Alaska Peninsula and join isolated mountain masses to the Alaska Peninsula on the southwest. Multiple active volcanoes and volcanic peaks dominate the skyline of the Alaska Peninsula and represent the continuation of magmatic activity that has formed the Aleutian arc since late Miocene time.
\nThe Alaska Peninsula has had a long and involved history since Paleozoic time. We propose that the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks that constitute much of the Alaska Peninsula be called the Alaska Peninsula terrane. Using the concept of subterranes, we divide the terrane into two distinct but tectonically related subterranes: the Chignik and Iliamna subterranes, which share a limited common geologic history. The Iliamna subterrane has served at most times as a source area for the Chignik subterrane; however, some rock units are in common across the subterranes. The Iliamna and Chignik subterranes are in part separated by the Bruin Bay fault system. The Iliamna subterrane is composed of moderately deformed early Mesozoic marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks and schist, gneiss, and marble of Paleozoic(?) and Mesozoic age, and plutonic rocks of the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith. Characteristic of the Chignik subterrane are little-deformed, shallow-marine to continental clastic sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Permian to latest Cretaceous. However, deep-marine, volcaniclastic, and calcareous rocks form important components of the older rocks in the subterrane.
\nThe two subterranes of the Alaska Peninsula terrane are characterized by radically different structural and metamorphic styles. The nonplutonic rocks of the Iliamna subterrane are characterized by metamorphism up to amphibolite-facies grade and intense folding. In the Chignik subterrane, the structural style is dominated by large, open, en echelon anticlinal structures, normal faulting, and thrust and high-angle reverse faults that have minor displacement in a northwest to southeast direction. In the Outer Shumagin and Sanak Islands, rocks assigned to the Chugach terrane are characterized structurally by tight, generally northeast-trending folds. Dips in these rocks tend to be steep, rarely less than 35°, and overturned beds are locally common.
\nThe boundaries separating the Alaska Peninsula terrane from other terranes are commonly indistinct or poorly defined. A few boundaries have been defined at major faults, although the extensions of these faults are speculative through some areas. The west side of the Alaska Peninsula terrane is overlapped by Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks and Quaternary deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b1969B","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Detterman, R.L., and DuBois, G.D., 2015, Geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1969, Report: iii, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 57 x 44 inches and 31.5 x 32.77 inches; Digital Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1969B.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 34 p.; 2 Plates: 57 x 44 inches and 31.5 x 32.77 inches; Digital Data","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/b1969b.gif"},{"id":305962,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/pdf/bul1969b_report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305963,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/pdf/bul1969b_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":305961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/"},{"id":305964,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1969b/pdf/bul1969b_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"200 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":305965,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/","text":"Digital Data","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"Digital data for the Geologic Framework of the Alaska Peninsula, Southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula Terrane is available in USGS Open-File Report 99-317"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.6318359375,\n 59.01794033995246\n ],\n [\n -153.193359375,\n 58.99531118795094\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 57.77451753559619\n ],\n [\n -157.412109375,\n 56.24334992410525\n ],\n [\n -158.9501953125,\n 54.77534585936447\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 54.13669645687002\n ],\n [\n -163.9599609375,\n 54.13669645687002\n ],\n [\n -164.70703125,\n 55.00282580979323\n ],\n [\n -162.59765625,\n 55.92458580482951\n ],\n [\n -160.400390625,\n 56.511017504952136\n ],\n [\n -158.7744140625,\n 57.32652122521709\n ],\n [\n -157.85156249999997,\n 58.147518599073585\n ],\n [\n -157.6318359375,\n 59.01794033995246\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee1e4b0bc0bec09ed82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuBois, Gregory D.","contributorId":6824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155990,"text":"70155990 - 2015 - Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:06:51","indexId":"70155990","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-23T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance","docAbstract":"Mountain glaciers comprise a small and widely distributed fraction of the world's terrestrial ice, yet their rapid losses presently drive a large percentage of the cryosphere's contribution to sea level rise. Regional mass balance assessments are challenging over large glacier populations due to remote and rugged geography, variable response of individual glaciers to climate change, and episodic calving losses from tidewater glaciers. In Alaska, we use airborne altimetry from 116 glaciers to estimate a regional mass balance of −75 ± 11 Gt yr−1 (1994–2013). Our glacier sample is spatially well distributed, yet pervasive variability in mass balances obscures geospatial and climatic relationships. However, for the first time, these data allow the partitioning of regional mass balance by glacier type. We find that tidewater glaciers are losing mass at substantially slower rates than other glaciers in Alaska and collectively contribute to only 6% of the regional mass loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064349","usgsCitation":"F, L.C., Burgess, E., Arendt, A., O’Neel, S., Johnson, A.J., and Kienholz, C., 2015, Surface melt dominates Alaska glacier mass balance: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 14, p. 5902-5908, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064349.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5902","endPage":"5908","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065349","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 53.04121304075649\n ],\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 62.87518837993309\n ],\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 62.87518837993309\n ],\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 53.04121304075649\n ],\n [\n -154.86328125,\n 53.04121304075649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cf112ce4b01487cbfc77c3","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015gl064349","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064349","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Larsen C. F., Burgess E., Arendt A. A., O'Neel S., Johnson A. 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J.","contributorId":146538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13097,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kienholz, C.","contributorId":146539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienholz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13097,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70154741,"text":"fs20153049 - 2015 - USGS Arctic Science Strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T15:03:44","indexId":"fs20153049","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-17T03:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3049","title":"USGS Arctic Science Strategy","docAbstract":"The United States is one of eight Arctic nations responsible for the stewardship of a polar region undergoing dramatic environmental, social, and economic changes. Although warming and cooling cycles have occurred over millennia in the Arctic region, the current warming trend is unlike anything recorded previously and is affecting the region faster than any other place on Earth, bringing dramatic reductions in sea ice extent, altered weather, and thawing permafrost. Implications of these changes include rapid coastal erosion threatening villages and critical infrastructure, potentially significant effects on subsistence activities and cultural resources, changes to wildlife habitat, increased greenhouse-gas emissions from thawing permafrost, threat of invasive species, and opening of the Arctic Ocean to oil and gas exploration and increased shipping. The Arctic science portfolio of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and its response to climate-related changes focuses on landscapescale ecosystem and natural resource issues and provides scientific underpinning for understanding the physical processes that shape the Arctic. The science conducted by the USGS informs the Nation's resource management policies and improves the stewardship of the Arctic Region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153049","usgsCitation":"Shasby, Mark, and Smith, Durelle, 2015, USGS Arctic science strategy, 2015–2020: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3049, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153049.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065204","costCenters":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3049/fs20153049.pdf","text":"Report PDF","size":"446 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3049"},{"id":305543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3049/images/cover.jpg"},{"id":305545,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3049/","text":"Report HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2015-3049 HTML"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Circle boundary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -217.265625,\n 67.74275906666387\n ],\n [\n -198.98437499999997,\n 65.94647177615738\n ],\n [\n -163.828125,\n 65.94647177615738\n ],\n [\n -59.765625,\n 66.23145747862573\n ],\n [\n -11.25,\n 76.67978490310692\n ],\n [\n -11.953125,\n 84.05256097843035\n ],\n [\n -340.3125,\n 82.21421714106776\n ],\n [\n -341.71875,\n 69.41124235697256\n ],\n [\n -217.265625,\n 67.74275906666387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Regional Director for Alaska
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508
(907) 786-7000
http://alaska.usgs.gov
This Data Series summarizes results from July 2013 sampling in the western Alaska Range near Mount Estelle, Alaska. The fieldwork combined in situ and camp-based spectral measurements of talus/soil and rock samples. Five rock and 48 soil samples were submitted for quantitative geochemical analysis (for 55 major and trace elements), and the 48 soils samples were also analyzed by x-ray diffraction to establish mineralogy and geochemistry. The results and sample photographs are presented in a geodatabase that accompanies this report. The spectral, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of these samples and the sites that they represent can be used to validate existing remote-sensing datasets (for example, ASTER) and future hyperspectral studies. Empirical evidence of jarosite (as identified by x-ray diffraction and spectral analysis) corresponding with gold concentrations in excess of 50 parts per billion in soil samples suggests that surficial mapping of jarosite in regional surveys may be useful for targeting areas of prospective gold occurrences in this sampling area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds943","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.R., Graham, G.E., Hubbard, B.E., and Benzel, W.M., 2015, Geospatial compilation of results from field sample collection in support of mineral resource investigations, Western Alaska Range, Alaska, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 943, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds943.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060029","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/Western_Alaska_Range_samples_July2013.gdb.zip","text":"File Geodatabase","size":"656 MB","description":"DS 943 File Geodatabase"},{"id":305727,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/ds0943.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 943"},{"id":305732,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/Metadata","text":"Metadata","description":"DS 943 Metadata"},{"id":305726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305730,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/Western_Alaska_Range_samples_July2013_shp.zip","text":"Shapefiles","size":"647 MB","description":"DS 943 Shapefiles"},{"id":305731,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/RESULTS_data_tables","text":"Comma-delimited tables","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"DS 943 Comma-delimited tables"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.75,\n 61.25\n ],\n [\n -153.75,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -152.25,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -152.25,\n 61.25\n ],\n [\n -153.75,\n 61.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Denver, CO 80225
http://crustal.usgs.gov/
The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) was created in 2005 to consolidate data on the oceanic distribution of marine bird species in the North Pacific. Most of these data were collected on surveys by counting species within defined areas and at known locations (that is, on strip transects). The NPPSD also contains observations of other bird species and marine mammals. The original NPPSD combined data from 465 surveys conducted between 1973 and 2002, primarily in waters adjacent to Alaska. These surveys included 61,195 sample transects with location, environment, and metadata information, and the data were organized in a flat-file format. In developing NPPSD 2.0, our goals were to add new datasets, to make significant improvements to database functionality and to provide the database online. NPPSD 2.0 includes data from a broader geographic range within the North Pacific, including new observations made offshore of the Russian Federation, Japan, Korea, British Columbia (Canada), Oregon, and California. These data were imported into a relational database, proofed, and structured in a common format. NPPSD 2.0 contains 351,674 samples (transects) collected between 1973 and 2012, representing a total sampled area of 270,259 square kilometers, and extends the time series of samples in some areas—notably the Bering Sea—to four decades. It contains observations of 16,988,138 birds and 235,545 marine mammals and is available on the NPPSD Web site. Supplementary materials include an updated set of standardized taxonomic codes, reference maps that show the spatial and temporal distribution of the survey efforts and a downloadable query tool.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151123","usgsCitation":"Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., and Renner, M., 2015, User’s guide to the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database 2.0:\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1123, 52 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151123.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057923","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438690,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ01T3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)"},{"id":305444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ01T3","text":"North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)","size":"67.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Database"},{"id":305552,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1123/cover.jpg"},{"id":305443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1123/ofr20151123.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1123"}],"contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Dr
Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4560
http://alaska.usgs.gov
The Southern Hudson Bay (SH) polar bear subpopulation occurs at the southern extent of the species’ range. Although capture–recapture studies indicate abundance was likely unchanged between 1986 and 2005, declines in body condition and survival occurred during the period, possibly foreshadowing a future decrease in abundance. To obtain a current estimate of abundance, we conducted a comprehensive line transect aerial survey of SH during 2011–2012. We stratified the study site by anticipated densities and flew coastal contour transects and systematically spaced inland transects in Ontario and on Akimiski Island and large offshore islands in 2011. Data were collected with double-observer and distance sampling protocols. We surveyed small islands in James Bay and eastern Hudson Bay and flew a comprehensive transect along the Québec coastline in 2012. We observed 667 bears in Ontario and on Akimiski Island and nearby islands in 2011, and we sighted 80 bears on offshore islands during 2012. Mark–recapture distance sampling and sight–resight models yielded an estimate of 860 (SE = 174) for the 2011 study area. Our estimate of abundance for the entire SH subpopulation (943; SE = 174) suggests that abundance is unlikely to have changed significantly since 1986. However, this result should be interpreted cautiously because of the methodological differences between historical studies (physical capture–recapture) and this survey. A conservative management approach is warranted given previous increases in duration of the ice-free season, which are predicted to continue in the future, and previously documented declines in body condition and vital rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00300-015-1737-5","usgsCitation":"Obbard, M.E., Stapleton, S.P., Middel, K.R., Thibault, I., Brodeur, V., and Jutras, C., 2015, Estimating the abundance of the Southern Hudson Bay polar bear subpopulation with aerial surveys: Polar Biology, v. 38, no. 10, p. 1713-1725, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1737-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1713","endPage":"1725","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059751","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090ade4b033ef52104296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapleton, Seth P. sstapleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapleton","given":"Seth","email":"sstapleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middel, Kevin R.","contributorId":141065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middel","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thibault, Isabelle","contributorId":141066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thibault","given":"Isabelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brodeur, Vincent","contributorId":141067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brodeur","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jutras, Charles","contributorId":141068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jutras","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70149255,"text":"ofr20151119 - 2015 - Monitoring population status of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: options and considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-17T12:52:24","indexId":"ofr20151119","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1119","title":"Monitoring population status of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: options and considerations","docAbstract":"After many decades of absence from southeast Alaska, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are recolonizing parts of their former range, including Glacier Bay, Alaska. Sea otters are well known for structuring nearshore ecosystems and causing community-level changes such as increases in kelp abundance and changes in the size and number of other consumers. Monitoring population status of sea otters in Glacier Bay will help park researchers and managers understand and interpret sea otter-induced ecosystem changes relative to other sources of variation, including potential human-induced impacts such as ocean acidification, vessel disturbance, and oil spills. This report was prepared for the National Park Service (NPS), Southeast Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network following a request for evaluation of options for monitoring sea otter population status in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. To meet this request, we provide a detailed consideration of the primary method of assessment of abundance and distribution, aerial surveys, including analyses of power to detect interannual trends and designs to reduce variation around annual abundance estimates. We also describe two alternate techniques for evaluating sea otter population status—(1) quantifying sea otter diets and energy intake rates, and (2) detecting change in ages at death. In addition, we provide a brief section on directed research to identify studies that would further our understanding of sea otter population dynamics and effects on the Glacier Bay ecosystem, and provide context for interpreting results of monitoring activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151119","collaboration":"National Park Service, Southeast Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network","usgsCitation":"Esslinger, G.G., Esler, D., Howlin, S., and Starcevich, L.A., 2015, Monitoring population status of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska—Options and considerations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1119, 42 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151119.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066127","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151119.jpg"},{"id":305529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1119/"},{"id":302337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1119/pdf/ofr20151119.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1119"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.67404174804688,\n 58.84146431191663\n ],\n [\n -135.90911865234375,\n 58.84643781578906\n ],\n [\n -135.80474853515622,\n 58.39091676201985\n ],\n [\n -136.05880737304688,\n 58.37507825384993\n ],\n [\n -136.37741088867188,\n 58.58686725348443\n ],\n [\n -136.56005859375,\n 58.58400407034718\n ],\n [\n -136.67404174804688,\n 58.84146431191663\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Dr
Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4560
http://alaska.usgs.gov
Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) grow their vibrissae continually, providing a multiyear record suitable for ecological and physiological studies based on stable isotopes. An accurate age-specific vibrissae growth rate is essential for registering a chronology along the length of the record, and for interpreting the timing of ecologically important events. We utilized four methods to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae in fetal, rookery pup, young-of-the-year (YOY), yearling, subadult, and adult SSL. The majority of vibrissae were collected from SSL live-captured in Alaska and Russia between 2000 and 2013 (n = 1,115), however, vibrissae were also collected from six adult SSL found dead on haul-outs and rookeries during field excursions to increase the sample size of this underrepresented age group. Growth rates of vibrissae were generally slower in adult (0.44 ± 0.15 cm/mo) and subadult (0.61 ± 0.10 cm/mo) SSL than in YOY (0.87 ± 0.28 cm/mo) and fetal (0.73 ± 0.05 cm/mo) animals, but there was high individual variability in these growth rates within each age group. Some variability in vibrissae growth rates was attributed to the somatic growth rate of YOY sea lions between capture events (P = 0.014, r2 = 0.206, n = 29).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Marine Mammalogy","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1111/mms.12221","collaboration":"University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Alaska SeaLife Center; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting","usgsCitation":"Rea, L., Christ, A., Hayden, A., Stegall, V., Farley, S., Stricker, C.A., Mellish, J., Maniscalco, J.M., Waite, J., Burkanov, V., and Pitcher, K., 2015, Age-specific vibrissae growth rates: a tool for determining the timing of ecologically important events in Steller sea lions: Marine Mammal Science, v. 31, no. 3, p. 1213-1233, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12221.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1213","endPage":"1233","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057588","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090aae4b033ef5210428f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, L.D.","contributorId":140864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13599,"text":"University of Alaska - Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, A.M.","contributorId":140865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christ","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayden, A.B.","contributorId":145725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayden","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stegall, V.K.","contributorId":74975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stegall","given":"V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farley, S.D.","contributorId":145726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mellish, J.E.","contributorId":145727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellish","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16211,"text":"Alaska SeaLife Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maniscalco, John M.","contributorId":26473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maniscalco","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Waite, J.N.","contributorId":145728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13599,"text":"University of Alaska - Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Burkanov, V.N.","contributorId":56026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkanov","given":"V.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pitcher, K.W.","contributorId":96492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitcher","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70155283,"text":"70155283 - 2015 - Summer declines in activity and body temperature offer polar bears limited energy savings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:11:00","indexId":"70155283","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer declines in activity and body temperature offer polar bears limited energy savings","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) summer on the sea ice or, where it melts, on shore. Although the physiology of “ice” bears in summer is unknown, “shore” bears purportedly minimize energy losses by entering a hibernation-like state when deprived of food. Such a strategy could partially compensate for the loss of on-ice foraging opportunities caused by climate change. However, here we report gradual, moderate declines in activity and body temperature of both shore and ice bears in summer, resembling energy expenditures typical of fasting, nonhibernating mammals. Also, we found that to avoid unsustainable heat loss while swimming, bears employed unusual heterothermy of the body core. Thus, although well adapted to seasonal ice melt, polar bears appear susceptible to deleterious declines in body condition during the lengthening period of summer food deprivation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1126/science.aaa8623","usgsCitation":"Whiteman, J., Harlow, H., Durner, G.M., Anderson-Sprecher, R., Albeke, S.E., Regehr, E.V., Amstrup, S.C., and Ben-David, M., 2015, Summer declines in activity and body temperature offer polar bears limited energy savings: Science, v. 349, no. 6245, p. 295-298, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8623.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063276","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"349","issue":"6245","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eef3e4b0bc0bec09ee16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiteman, J.P.","contributorId":107549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlow, H.J.","contributorId":20178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson-Sprecher, R.","contributorId":146357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson-Sprecher","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Albeke, Shannon E.","contributorId":81781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albeke","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ben-David, M.","contributorId":11563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-David","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70143171,"text":"ofr20151048 - 2015 - National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:23:27","indexId":"ofr20151048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1048","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","docAbstract":"Beach erosion is a persistent problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. Along the Arctic coast of Alaska, coastal erosion is widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, coastal habitats, and Native communities. As coastal populations continue to expand and infrastructure and habitat are increasingly threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There also is a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline change with metrics that are consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along the open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline change so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally.
\nThis report on shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, between the U.S.-Canadian border and Icy Cape, is one in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports for the coasts of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, California, the New England and Mid-Atlantic, portions of Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest coasts of Oregon and Washington.
\nSimilar to the earlier reports in this series, this report summarizes the methods of analysis, documents and describes the results of the analysis, and explains historical trends and rates of shoreline change. This Alaska shoreline change assessment differs from previously published shoreline change assessments in that: (1) only two historical shorelines (from the 1940s and 2000s eras) were available for the Alaska study area whereas four or more shorelines (from 1850 to 2002) were available for the other assessments and, thus, only end-point rates for one long-term analysis period are reported here, compared to a combination of long-term and short-term rates as reported in other studies; (2) modern (2000s era) shorelines in this study represent a visually derived land-water interface position versus an elevation based, tidally referenced shoreline position; and (3) both exposed open-ocean and sheltered mainland-lagoon shorelines and rates of change are included in this study compared to other locations where only exposed open-ocean sandy shorelines or bluff edges were evaluated. No distinction was made between sand or gravel beaches, and the base of the unconsolidated coastal bluff was considered the shoreline where no fronting beach existed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151048","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1048, ix, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048.","productDescription":"ix, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050947","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151048.jpg"},{"id":305506,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/pdf/ofr2015-1048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305507,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1030","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1030"},{"id":305493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141189,"text":"ofr20151030 - 2015 - National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:29:11","indexId":"ofr20151030","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1030","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","docAbstract":"The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the Arctic coast is chronic, widespread, and may be accelerating, which threatens defense- and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project (hereafter referred to as the \"National Assessment project\";http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/shoreline-change/). A comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and rates of shoreline change for Alaska, from the U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape, is presented in this report as part of the National Assessment project.
\nThere is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for the north coast of Alaska that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in section, \"Geospatial Data.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151030","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Ohman, K.A., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1030, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151030.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053360","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151030.jpg"},{"id":305509,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/html/ofr2015-1030_title.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305510,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1048","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1048"},{"id":305494,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohman, Karen A.","contributorId":139262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohman","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12712,"text":"Michael Baker International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139883,"text":"70139883 - 2015 - Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T11:29:03","indexId":"70139883","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Despite the role of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust as the source of some of the largest earthquakes and tsunamis, the history of its pre–twentieth century tsunamis is largely unknown west of the rupture zone of the great (magnitude, M 9.2) 1964 earthquake. Stratigraphy in core transects at two boggy lowland sites on Chirikof Island’s southwest coast preserves tsunami deposits dating from the postglacial to the twentieth century. In a 500-m-long basin 13–15 m above sea level and 400 m from the sea, 4 of 10 sandy to silty beds in a 3–5-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat were probably deposited by tsunamis. The freshwater peat sequence beneath a gently sloping alluvial fan 2 km to the east, 5–15 m above sea level and 550 m from the sea, contains 20 sandy to silty beds deposited since 3.5 ka; at least 13 were probably deposited by tsunamis. Although most of the sandy beds have consistent thicknesses (over distances of 10–265 m), sharp lower contacts, good sorting, and/or upward fining typical of tsunami deposits, the beds contain abundant freshwater diatoms, very few brackish-water diatoms, and no marine diatoms. Apparently, tsunamis traveling inland over low dunes and boggy lowland entrained largely freshwater diatoms. Abundant fragmented diatoms, and lake species in some sandy beds not found in host peat, were probably transported by tsunamis to elevations of >10 m at the eastern site. Single-aliquot regeneration optically stimulated luminescence dating of the third youngest bed is consistent with its having been deposited by the tsunami recorded at Russian hunting outposts in 1788, and with the second youngest bed being deposited by a tsunami during an upper plate earthquake in 1880. We infer from stratigraphy, 14C-dated peat deposition rates, and unpublished analyses of the island’s history that the 1938 tsunami may locally have reached an elevation of >10 m. As this is the first record of Aleutian tsunamis extending throughout the Holocene, we cannot estimate source earthquake locations or magnitudes for most tsunami-deposited beds. We infer that no more than 3 of the 23 possible tsunamis beds at both sites were deposited following upper plate faulting or submarine landslides independent of megathrust earthquakes. If so, the Semidi segment of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust near Chirikof Island probably sent high tsunamis southward every 180–270 yr for at least the past 3500 yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01108.1","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.R., Briggs, R.W., Dura, T., Engelhart, S.E., Gelfenbaum, G., Bradley, L., Forman, S., Vane, C.H., and Kelley, K., 2015, Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01108.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062596","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01108.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chirikof Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.61721801757812,\n 55.93304863776238\n ],\n [\n -155.55130004882812,\n 55.92150795277898\n ],\n [\n -155.51834106445312,\n 55.88763544617004\n ],\n [\n -155.5059814453125,\n 55.839855780238864\n ],\n [\n -155.50323486328125,\n 55.80205284218845\n ],\n [\n -155.54031372070312,\n 55.75725902476458\n ],\n [\n -155.59661865234375,\n 55.71550813595296\n ],\n [\n -155.70098876953122,\n 55.71164005362048\n ],\n [\n -155.8026123046875,\n 55.74334702389655\n ],\n [\n -155.830078125,\n 55.811314100800935\n ],\n [\n -155.8026123046875,\n 55.85912884568613\n ],\n [\n -155.7586669921875,\n 55.90149595623592\n ],\n [\n -155.6996154785156,\n 55.933817894564726\n ],\n [\n -155.61721801757812,\n 55.93304863776238\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","edition":"1172","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261497e4b0fb9a11dd7662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dura, Tina","contributorId":48482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dura","given":"Tina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":139003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Forman, S.L.","contributorId":38597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vane, Christopher H.","contributorId":88255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vane","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kelley, K.A.","contributorId":139004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70155921,"text":"70155921 - 2015 - Tectonic and sedimentary linkages between the Belt-Purcell basin and southwestern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1.60-1.40 Ga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:20:17","indexId":"70155921","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic and sedimentary linkages between the Belt-Purcell basin and southwestern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1.60-1.40 Ga","docAbstract":"Mesoproterozoic sedimentary basins in western North America provide key constraints on pre-Rodinia craton positions and interactions along the western rifted margin of Laurentia. One such basin, the Belt-Purcell basin, extends from southern Idaho into southern British Columbia and contains a >18-km-thick succession of siliciclastic sediment deposited ca. 1.47–1.40 Ga. The ca. 1.47–1.45 Ga lower part of the succession contains abundant distinctive non-Laurentian 1.61–1.50 Ga detrital zircon populations derived from exotic cratonic sources. Contemporaneous metasedimentary successions in the southwestern United States–the Trampas and Yankee Joe basins in Arizona and New Mexico–also contain abundant 1.61–1.50 Ga detrital zircons. Similarities in depositional age and distinctive non-Laurentian detrital zircon populations suggest that both the Belt-Purcell and southwestern successions record sedimentary and tectonic linkages between western Laurentia and one or more cratons including North Australia, South Australia, and (or) East Antarctica. At ca. 1.45 Ga, both the Belt-Purcell and southwest successions underwent major sedimentological changes, with a pronounced shift to Laurentian provenance and the disappearance of the 1.61–1.50 Ga detrital zircon. Upper Belt-Purcell strata contain strongly unimodal ca. 1.73 Ga detrital zircon age populations that match the detrital zircon signature of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Yavapai province to the south and southeast. We propose that the shift at ca. 1.45 Ga records the onset of orogenesis in southern Laurentia coeval with rifting along its northwestern margin. Bedrock uplift associated with orogenesis and widespread, coeval magmatism caused extensive exhumation and erosion of the Yavapai province ca. 1.45–1.36 Ga, providing a voluminous and areally extensive sediment source–with suitable zircon ages–during upper Belt deposition. This model provides a comprehensive and integrated view of the Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of western Laurentia and its position within the supercontinent Columbia as it evolved into Rodinia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/L438.1","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.V., Dainel, C.G., and Doe, M., 2015, Tectonic and sedimentary linkages between the Belt-Purcell basin and southwestern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1.60-1.40 Ga: Lithosphere, v. 7, no. 4, p. 465-472, https://doi.org/10.1130/L438.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058162","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l438.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbde4b08400b1fe143f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dainel, Christohper G","contributorId":146260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dainel","given":"Christohper","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":16651,"text":"Bucknell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doe, Michael F","contributorId":146261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doe","given":"Michael F","affiliations":[{"id":16652,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156876,"text":"70156876 - 2015 - Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:07:37","indexId":"70156876","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects","docAbstract":"Organic layers of living and dead vegetation cover the ground surface in many permafrost landscapes and play important roles in ecosystem processes. These soil surface organic layers (SSOLs) store large amounts of carbon and buffer the underlying permafrost and its contained carbon from changes in aboveground climate. Understanding the dynamics of SSOLs is a prerequisite for predicting how permafrost and carbon stocks will respond to warming climate. Here we ask three questions about SSOLs in a representative area of the Arctic Foothills region of northern Alaska: (1) What environmental factors control the thickness of SSOLs and the carbon they store? (2) How long do SSOLs take to develop on newly stabilized point bars? (3) How do SSOLs affect temperature in the underlying ground? Results show that SSOL thickness and distribution correlate with elevation, drainage area, vegetation productivity, and incoming solar radiation. A multiple regression model based on these correlations can simulate spatial distribution of SSOLs and estimate the organic carbon stored there. SSOLs develop within a few decades after a new, sandy, geomorphic surface stabilizes but require 500–700 years to reach steady state thickness. Mature SSOLs lower the growing season temperature and mean annual temperature of the underlying mineral soil by 8 and 3°C, respectively. We suggest that the proximate effects of warming climate on permafrost landscapes now covered by SSOLs will occur indirectly via climate's effects on the frequency, extent, and severity of disturbances like fires and landslides that disrupt the SSOLs and interfere with their protection of the underlying permafrost.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JG002983","usgsCitation":"Baughman, C., Mann, D., Verbyla, D.L., and Kunz, M.L., 2015, Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 6, p. 1150-1164, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002983.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064795","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg002983","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 67.19551751715585\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 69.12344255014861\n ],\n [\n -155.01708984375,\n 69.12344255014861\n ],\n [\n -155.01708984375,\n 67.19551751715585\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 67.19551751715585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e6cc37e4b05561fa20a02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baughman, Carson 0000-0002-9423-9324 cbaughman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-9324","contributorId":169657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baughman","given":"Carson","email":"cbaughman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":97441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbyla, David L.","contributorId":84611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunz, Michael L.","contributorId":50820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188820,"text":"70188820 - 2015 - Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Inmachuk, Kugruk, Kiwalik, and Koyuk River drainages, Granite Mountain, and the northern Darby Mountains, Bendeleben, Candle, Kotzebue, and Solomon quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:33:22","indexId":"70188820","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Inmachuk, Kugruk, Kiwalik, and Koyuk River drainages, Granite Mountain, and the northern Darby Mountains, Bendeleben, Candle, Kotzebue, and Solomon quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.
The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 653 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from an area covering portions of the Inmachuk, Kugruk, Kiwalik, and Koyuk river drainages, Granite Mountain, and the northern Darby Mountains, located in the Bendeleben, Candle, Kotzebue, and Solomon quadrangles of eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29448","collaboration":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys; Melanie B. Werdon, lead author","usgsCitation":"Werdon, M.B., Granitto, M., and Azain, J.S., 2015, Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Inmachuk, Kugruk, Kiwalik, and Koyuk River drainages, Granite Mountain, and the northern Darby Mountains, Bendeleben, Candle, Kotzebue, and Solomon quadrangles, Alaska, 5 p. , https://doi.org/10.14509/29448.","productDescription":"5 p. 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The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 302 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the Kougarok River drainage as well as smaller adjacent drainages in the Bendeleben and Teller quadrangles, Seward Peninsula, Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
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The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.
The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 212 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the Chilkat, Klehini, Tsirku, and Takhin river drainages, as well as smaller drainages flowing into Chilkat and Chilkoot Inlets near Haines, Skagway Quadrangle, Southeast Alaska. Additionally some samples were also chosen from the Juneau gold belt, Juneau Quadrangle, Southeast Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
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2015 - Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147999,"text":"pp1814A - 2015 - Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","indexId":"pp1814A","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Hydrogeochemical Exploration: A Reconnaissance Study on Northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","title":"Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70158938,"text":"pp1814 - 2015 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15","indexId":"pp1814","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70158938,"text":"pp1814 - 2015 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15","indexId":"pp1814","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T15:02:55","indexId":"pp1814A","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1814","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Hydrogeochemical Exploration: A Reconnaissance Study on Northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","title":"Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance hydrogeochemical study employing high-resolution/high-sensitivity inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of stream and seep water samples (n= 171) was conducted in an area of limited bedrock exposure on the northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Sampling was focused in drainages around four main areas—at the Anugi Pb-Zn-Ag occurrence and in streams upstream of historically and currently mined placer gold deposits in the Candle Creek, Utica, and Monument Mountain areas. The objective of the study was to determine whether distribution of elevated metal concentrations in water samples could “see” through sediment cover and provide evidence of bedrock sources for base metals and gold. Some observations include (1) elevated Ag, As, Pb, and Zn concentrations relative to the study area as a whole in stream and seep samples from over and downstream of part of the Anugi Pb-Zn-Ag prospect; (2) abrupt downstream increases in Tl and Sb ± Au concentrations coincident with the upstream termination of productive placer deposits in the Inmachuk and Old Glory Creek drainages near Utica; (3) high K, Mo, Sb, and F throughout much of the Inmachuk River drainage near Utica; and (4) elevated As ± base metals and Au at two sites along Patterson Creek near the town of Candle and three additional contiguous sites identified when an 85th percentile cut-off was employed. Molybdenum ± gold concentrations (>90th percentile) were also measured in samples from three sites on Glacier Creek near Monument Mountain. The hydrogeochemistry in some areas is consistent with limited stream-sediment data from the region, including high Pb-Zn-Ag-As concentrations associated with Anugi, as well as historical reports of arsenopyrite-bearing veins upstream of placer operations in Patterson Creek. Chemistry of samples in the Inmachuk River-Old Glory Creek area also suggest more laterally extensive stibnite- (and gold-?) bearing veining than is currently known in the Old Glory Creek drainage. Our results indicate that hydrogeochemistry can be a useful method of geochemical exploration and offer targets for follow-up rock, soil, and subsurface sampling to ascertain the presence of mineralized bedrock.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, vol. 15 (Professional Paper 1814)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1814A","usgsCitation":"Graham, G.E., Taylor, R.D., and Buckley, S., 2015, Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1814, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1814A.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061294","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1814a.gif"},{"id":302267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1814/a/pdf/p1814-a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 67.05887024878376\n ],\n [\n -160.20263671875,\n 67.05887024878376\n ],\n [\n -160.20263671875,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 65.47650756256367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Alaska Science Center staff
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Alaska Mineral Resources
Alaska Science Center