Of 15 or more minor elements in the world's principal river waters only aluminum, iron, manganese, barium and strontium range much over
Hydrologic and geochemical aspects of continental runoff are strongly implied in observations of minor element content of large rivers. Evidence to date is that median values of
The copper districts in the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) are shown on the accompanying map. In compiling the map, the estimated total quantity of copper present before mining was used to assign districts to size categories, and both production and reserves are included without distinction as to the status of exploitation. Four categories have been distinguished: deposits that contain 50+ to 1,000 tons; 1,000 to 50,000 tons; 50,000 to 1 million tons; and over 1 million tons of copper respectively. In many of the smaller deposits copper occurs with other metals, as gold, silver; lead, or zinc, that may be quantitatively and economically more important than the contained copper. Thus, for example, a deposit that contains large values in gold or zinc may contain only a small amount of copper and is shown on this map as a small copper deposit.
Five principal morphologic types of deposits have been distinguished on the map by letter symbols. These are disseminated, replacement, vein, massive sulfide, and native copper deposits (see Explanation). They are not strictly genetic types, however, for the disseminated deposits, the massive sulfide deposits, and many of the vein deposits were formed largely or entirely by replacement processes.
The symbols show either individual mines or the approximate centers of districts. Some of the more prominent districts are identified by name on the map, and all with over 1,000 tons of copper are numbered to correspond to the Locality Index. As mining district names do not always correspond to locality names, and a name established through common usage may not be the legal name of the mining district, several names are given in the index for some localities. The index is arranged alphabetically by States. Both published and unpublished data were used, and at least one reference is given for each locality if reports on it have been published.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mr13","usgsCitation":"Kinkel, A.R., and Peterson, N.P., 1962, Copper in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Resource Map 13, Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 64.20 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mr13.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 64.20 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485338,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/13/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/13/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mr/13/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"3168000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.25,24.25 ], [ -127.25,49.25 ], [ -66.5,49.25 ], [ -66.5,24.25 ], [ -127.25,24.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinkel, Arthur R. Jr.","contributorId":27440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkel","given":"Arthur","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, N. P.","contributorId":29827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12899,"text":"ofr6225 - 1962 - Biogeochemistry of vanadium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-05T20:11:23.525519","indexId":"ofr6225","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"62-25","title":"Biogeochemistry of vanadium","docAbstract":"Vanadium is known to occur in soils as vanadates of copper, zinc, lead, uranium, ferric iron, manganese, calcium, and potassium. Vanadium replaces aluminum in clays and occurs in porphyrin complexes in bituminous sediments.
Small amounts of vanadium are stimulating to plants; large amounts are toxic. Ten to 20 ppm vanadium in nutrient solution is commonly harmful to plants, but larger amounts can be tolerated by specific legumes, which use vanadium in the nitrogen-fixation process. Old wood in vegetation contains more vanadium than young wood, and roots contain the greatest accumulations. Herbs are more efficient accumulators of vanadium than trees and shrubs. Allium and some species of Astragalus, Castilleja, and Chrysothamnus are shown to be accumulators of vanadium.
The vanadium content of plants rooted in highly calcic soils is very low, and that of plants rooted in seleniferous soils is high. Outdoor plot experiments verify a decrease in the presence of selenium. The absorption and translocation of vanadium by several plant species was found to be in direct ratio to that of selenium. Plant species that absorb large amounts of calcium are most tolerant of high-vanadium soils as the vanadium is precipitated in the root.
Vanadium occurs in all animals and is accumulated in large amounts by Ascidians and by Holothuroidians. Vanadium is probably essential to vertebrates. Vanadium has been shown to decrease dental caries in animals and children. Vanadium inhibits the biosynthesis of cholesterol in both animals and man. Seleniferous areas in the western conterminous United States may support vegetation that contains large amounts of vanadium. Many areas of this country on the other hand may be nutritionally deficient in vanadium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6225","usgsCitation":"Cannon, H., 1962, Biogeochemistry of vanadium: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 62-25, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6225.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1962/0025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":431734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1962/0025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47290,"text":"ofr6265 - 1962 - Geologic map of iron deposits near Copper Mountain, Madison County, Montana; Magnetic and geologic map of iron deposits near Copper Mountain, Madison County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:41","indexId":"ofr6265","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"62-65","title":"Geologic map of iron deposits near Copper Mountain, Madison County, Montana; Magnetic and geologic map of iron deposits near Copper Mountain, Madison County, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6265","usgsCitation":"James, H.L., 1962, Geologic map of iron deposits near Copper Mountain, Madison County, Montana; Magnetic and geologic map of iron deposits near Copper Mountain, Madison County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 62-65, 2 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6265.","productDescription":"2 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84241,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1962/0065/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84242,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1962/0065/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Harold Lloyd","contributorId":64631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"Lloyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220654,"text":"70220654 - 1962 - The ore knob massive sulfide copper deposit, North Carolina: An example of recrystallized ore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T12:12:24.891787","indexId":"70220654","displayToPublicDate":"1962-11-01T07:08:21","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ore knob massive sulfide copper deposit, North Carolina: An example of recrystallized ore","docAbstract":"Massive and disseminated pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pyrite ore replaced a fault zone in Precambrian Carolina Gneiss of Keith (1). Closely following sulfide deposition, vein sulfides and silicates in the wall rock were recrystallized under a rising temperature gradient to coarse-grained unoriented aggregates that contain late pyrite porphyroblasts in pyrrhotite. Boudinage, dilation, and flow structures are common.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.57.7.1116","usgsCitation":"Kinkel, A., 1962, The ore knob massive sulfide copper deposit, North Carolina: An example of recrystallized ore: Economic Geology, v. 57, no. 7, p. 1116-1121, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.57.7.1116.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1116","endPage":"1121","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -78.486328125,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -78.0029296875,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1962-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinkel, A.R. Jr.","contributorId":87200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkel","given":"A.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220653,"text":"70220653 - 1962 - Trace element distribution in the searchlight, Nevada quartz monzonite stock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T12:04:48.097911","indexId":"70220653","displayToPublicDate":"1962-11-01T07:01:09","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element distribution in the searchlight, Nevada quartz monzonite stock","docAbstract":"Gold, silver, copper, and lead-bearing veins, non-radially zoned, occur just beyond the southern and western margins of the Searchlight, Nevada, quartz monzonite stock. Seven samples of the quartz monzonite and purified individual constituent minerals of the rock, representing apophyses and marginal and interior parts of the intrusive mass, were analyzed petrographically and spectrographically. A semiquantitative total-energy spectrographic method proved satisfactory for Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, Ga, Mo, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Sr, and Zr, but too insensitive for Zn, Ag, and Au. A synthetic silicate base was used for preparation of standards and working curves. The modal trace element content of unaltered (hypothetical) quartz monzonite samples was determined from the trace element content of the purified minerals. Ferromagnesian minerals contain concentrations of Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, Mn, and Cr. Felsic minerals are low in these but high in Sr and Ga. Cu appears to have been partly released during chloritization of the mafic minerals. Ni, Cr, Zr show little difference between the unaltered (hypothetical) and actual rock. Ga, V, Mn, Sr are in lesser quantities in the altered rock. Pb and Cu also show a loss, especially nearest largest Pb and Cu producers. Pb, Cu, V occur in the spatially related veins, but Sr or Ga have not been reported to date. Pb/Cu in unaltered rock compared to altered rock is 1.6/1; past mining production ratio of Pb/Cu is 2.6/1. While further work is needed, the trace element pattern suggests a possible means of identifying a \"productive\" intrusive body.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.57.7.1062","usgsCitation":"Shrivastava, J., and Proctor, P., 1962, Trace element distribution in the searchlight, Nevada quartz monzonite stock: Economic Geology, v. 57, no. 7, p. 1062-1070, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.57.7.1062.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1062","endPage":"1070","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1962-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shrivastava, J.N.","contributorId":258272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrivastava","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Proctor, P.D.","contributorId":45391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proctor","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207379,"text":"70207379 - 1962 - Metallogenetic provinces of Chile, S. A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T08:03:37","indexId":"70207379","displayToPublicDate":"1962-01-01T13:13:11","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallogenetic provinces of Chile, S. A","docAbstract":"The metalliferous deposits of Chile tend to be restricted to well denned metallogenetic provinces, each characterized by a dominant mineral or mineral assemblage. The most important ore deposits are those of copper, iron, silver, gold, and manganese. The primary minerals are few in number and most are simple sulfides and oxides; more complex sulfosalts are scarce. Secondary minerals in great variety are important constituents of the ores. Many of the ore deposits are situated along well defined structural lines, several hundred kilometers long, that parallel the structural grain of the Andes.The deposits, with few exceptions, are found in sedimentary or volcanic rocks that range in age from Jurassic to Late Cretaceous or in intrusive rocks of Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous age. Most deposits are genetically related to intrusive bodies, which have an average composition within the range of granite-diorite.The metalliferous deposits can be classed as hydrothermal, sedimentary, contact-metasomatic and magmatic. Copper deposits are typically hydro-thermal, manganese deposits are sedimentary, and most of the iron ore deposits are contact-metasomatic. A unique group of iron ore deposits apparently formed by near-surface intrusion and surface flows of a magma consisting of iron oxides. Hydrothermal deposits, the most abundant and most important economically, were formed under conditions ranging from low to high temperature and pressure. © 1962 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.57.1.91","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Martinez-Ruiz, F., and Ericksen, G.E., 1962, Metallogenetic provinces of Chile, S. A: Economic Geology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 91-106, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.57.1.91.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"91","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-68.63401,-52.63637],[-68.63335,-54.8695],[-67.56244,-54.87001],[-66.95992,-54.89681],[-67.29103,-55.30124],[-68.14863,-55.61183],[-68.63999,-55.58002],[-69.2321,-55.49906],[-69.95809,-55.19843],[-71.00568,-55.05383],[-72.2639,-54.49514],[-73.2852,-53.95752],[-74.66253,-52.83749],[-73.8381,-53.04743],[-72.43418,-53.7154],[-71.10773,-54.07433],[-70.59178,-53.61583],[-70.26748,-52.93123],[-69.34565,-52.5183],[-68.63401,-52.63637]]],[[[-68.21991,-21.49435],[-67.82818,-22.87292],[-67.10667,-22.73592],[-66.98523,-22.98635],[-67.32844,-24.0253],[-68.41765,-24.51855],[-68.386,-26.18502],[-68.5948,-26.50691],[-68.29554,-26.89934],[-69.00123,-27.52121],[-69.65613,-28.45914],[-70.01355,-29.36792],[-69.91901,-30.33634],[-70.53507,-31.36501],[-70.0744,-33.09121],[-69.81478,-33.27389],[-69.81731,-34.19357],[-70.38805,-35.16969],[-70.36477,-36.00509],[-71.12188,-36.65812],[-71.11863,-37.57683],[-70.81466,-38.553],[-71.41352,-38.91602],[-71.68076,-39.80816],[-71.91573,-40.83234],[-71.7468,-42.05139],[-72.1489,-42.25489],[-71.91542,-43.40856],[-71.46406,-43.78761],[-71.79362,-44.20717],[-71.3298,-44.40752],[-71.22278,-44.78424],[-71.65932,-44.97369],[-71.55201,-45.56073],[-71.91726,-46.88484],[-72.44736,-47.73853],[-72.33116,-48.24424],[-72.64825,-48.87862],[-73.41544,-49.31844],[-73.32805,-50.37879],[-72.97575,-50.74145],[-72.30997,-50.67701],[-72.3294,-51.42596],[-71.9148,-52.00902],[-69.49836,-52.14276],[-68.57155,-52.29944],[-69.46128,-52.29195],[-69.94278,-52.53793],[-70.8451,-52.8992],[-71.00633,-53.83325],[-71.42979,-53.85645],[-72.55794,-53.53141],[-73.70276,-52.83507],[-74.94676,-52.26275],[-75.26003,-51.62935],[-74.97663,-51.0434],[-75.47975,-50.37837],[-75.60802,-48.67377],[-75.18277,-47.71192],[-74.12658,-46.93925],[-75.6444,-46.64764],[-74.69215,-45.76398],[-74.35171,-44.10304],[-73.24036,-44.45496],[-72.7178,-42.38336],[-73.3889,-42.11753],[-73.70134,-43.36578],[-74.33194,-43.22496],[-74.01796,-41.79481],[-73.6771,-39.94221],[-73.21759,-39.25869],[-73.50556,-38.28288],[-73.58806,-37.15628],[-73.16672,-37.12378],[-72.55314,-35.50884],[-71.86173,-33.90909],[-71.43845,-32.4189],[-71.66872,-30.92064],[-71.37008,-30.09568],[-71.48989,-28.86144],[-70.90512,-27.64038],[-70.72495,-25.70592],[-70.40397,-23.629],[-70.09125,-21.39332],[-70.16442,-19.75647],[-70.37257,-18.34798],[-69.85844,-18.09269],[-69.59042,-17.58001],[-69.10025,-18.26013],[-68.96682,-18.98168],[-68.44223,-19.40507],[-68.75717,-20.37266],[-68.21991,-21.49435]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Chile\"}}]}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1962-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinez-Ruiz, F. C.","contributorId":40085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez-Ruiz","given":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ericksen, G. E.","contributorId":44538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010573,"text":"70010573 - 1962 - Concentration method for the spectrochemical determination of seventeen minor elements in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-19T17:30:23.631193","indexId":"70010573","displayToPublicDate":"1962-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration method for the spectrochemical determination of seventeen minor elements in natural water","docAbstract":"A method for the quantitative spectrochemical determination of microgram amounts of 17 minor elements in water is given. The chelating reagents 8-quinolinol, tannic acid, and thionalide are utilized to concentrate traces (1 to 500 μg.) of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, gallium, germanium, manganese, nickel, titanium, vanadium, bismuth, lead, molybdenum, cadmium, zinc, and beryllium. Indium is added as a buffer, and palladium is used as an internal standard. The ashed oxides of these 17 metals are subsequently subjected to direct current arcing conditions during spectrum analysis. The method can be used to analyze waters with dissolved solids ranging from less than 100 to more than 100,000 p.p.m. There is no limiting concentration range for the determination of the heavy metals since any volume of sample can be used that will contain a heavy metal concentration within the analytical range of the method. Both the chemical and spectrographic procedures are described, and precision and accuracy data are given.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60187a021","usgsCitation":"Silvey, W., and Brennan, R., 1962, Concentration method for the spectrochemical determination of seventeen minor elements in natural water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 34, no. 7, p. 784-786, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60187a021.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"786","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f97ee4b0c8380cd4d62b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvey, W. D.","contributorId":102914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silvey","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brennan, R.","contributorId":62572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":64837,"text":"i326 - 1961 - Preliminary geologic map showing iron and copper prospects in the Juncos quadrangle, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:53","indexId":"i326","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"326","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Preliminary geologic map showing iron and copper prospects in the Juncos quadrangle, Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i326","usgsCitation":"Broedel, C., 1961, Preliminary geologic map showing iron and copper prospects in the Juncos quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 326, 1 map :col. ;69 x 66 cm. on sheet 118 x 81 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i326.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;69 x 66 cm. on sheet 118 x 81 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103186,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1674.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1674"},{"id":187428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91448,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0326/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"20000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 18.1175,65.86749999999999 ], [ 18.1175,66 ], [ 18.25,66 ], [ 18.25,65.86749999999999 ], [ 18.1175,65.86749999999999 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broedel, C.H.","contributorId":65168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broedel","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3171,"text":"wsp1496B - 1961 - Copper-spark method for spectrochemical determination of strontium in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1496B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1496","chapter":"B","title":"Copper-spark method for spectrochemical determination of strontium in water","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1496B","usgsCitation":"Skougstad, M.W., 1961, Copper-spark method for spectrochemical determination of strontium in water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1496, 19-31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1496B.","productDescription":"19-31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1496b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1496b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68571c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skougstad, Marvin W.","contributorId":65064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14972,"text":"ofr6198 - 1961 - Geochemistry of the Frenchy Incline uranium deposit, San Miguel County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T14:44:24.652256","indexId":"ofr6198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-98","title":"Geochemistry of the Frenchy Incline uranium deposit, San Miguel County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Frenchy Incline uranium deposit is in the Salt Wash member of the Morrison formation, on the central part of the Colorado Plateau, and consists of sandstone and mudstone that have been impregnated with uranium and vanadium minerals in addition to other constituents. The compositions of the deposit and its host rocks have been determined from semiquantitative spectrographic analyses of 219 drill-core samples. Comparison of the compositions of the mineralized and unmineralized rocks shows that in the formation of the deposit the host rocks were enriched in vanadium, iron, uranium, strontium (?), lead, zinc, copper, chromium (?), nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, and silver, in decreasing order of abundance. In general, this is the same suite of elements which has been found to be enriched in other uranium deposits in the Salt Wash member of the Morrison formation on the Colorado Plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6198","usgsCitation":"Miesch, A.T., 1961, Geochemistry of the Frenchy Incline uranium deposit, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-98, a-f, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6198.","productDescription":"a-f, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Miguel 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miesch, Alfred T.","contributorId":77208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4016,"text":"cir445 - 1961 - Occurrence of minor elements in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T20:01:22","indexId":"cir445","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"445","title":"Occurrence of minor elements in water","docAbstract":"Three basic studies, using spectrographic methods, have been used to establish the occurrence of minor elements in natural waters. One study, of oceanborne chemicals in principal rivers, has established a method for the quantitative analysis of many minor elements. Strontium, barium, lithium, rubidium, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, boron, titanium, molybdenum, manganese, and vanadium occur most frequently in measurable quantities. \r\n\r\nReconnaissance of the strontium in surface waters of the United States, shows that surface waters in parts of northern and western Texas and southern New Mexico and Arizona are comparatively high in strontium. A study of minor elements in selected waters of California is continuing. Assessment of preliminary data on uranium and radium in waters is facilitated by grouping data for 10 geotectonic regions of the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir445","usgsCitation":"Durum, W.H., and Haffty, J., 1961, Occurrence of minor elements in water: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 445, iii, 11 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;27cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir445.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;27cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31108,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1961/0445/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1961/0445/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69235d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haffty, Joseph","contributorId":79450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40124,"text":"ofr6184 - 1961 - Copper in the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40124,"text":"ofr6184 - 1961 - Copper in the United States","indexId":"ofr6184","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Copper in the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62028,"text":"mr13 - 1962 - Copper in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","indexId":"mr13","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Copper in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":62028,"text":"mr13 - 1962 - Copper in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii","indexId":"mr13","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Copper in the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:17","indexId":"ofr6184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-84","title":"Copper in the United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6184","usgsCitation":"Kinkel, A.R., and Peterson, N.P., 1961, Copper in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-84, 1 map +text (40 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6184.","productDescription":"1 map +text (40 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinkel, Arthur R. Jr.","contributorId":27440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkel","given":"Arthur","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, N. P.","contributorId":29827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39060,"text":"pp338 - 1961 - Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12418,"text":"ofr581 - 1958 - Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"ofr581","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39060,"text":"pp338 - 1961 - Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"pp338","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:59","indexId":"pp338","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"338","title":"Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp338","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., and Robertson, J., 1961, Geology and ore deposits of east Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 338, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp338.","productDescription":"107 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104435,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4332.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4332"},{"id":119939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66294,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66295,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66296,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66297,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66298,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66299,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66300,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66301,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66302,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66303,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66304,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66305,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66306,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66307,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66308,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66309,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66310,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0338/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, J. P.","contributorId":81505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, J. F.","contributorId":11194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36144,"text":"b1090 - 1961 - Iron and copper deposits of Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55598,"text":"ofr4616 - 1946 - Copper deposits at the Rush and Brown mine and Venus prospect, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"ofr4616","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"title":"Copper deposits at the Rush and Brown mine and Venus prospect, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":36144,"text":"b1090 - 1961 - Iron and copper deposits of Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b1090","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Iron and copper deposits of Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":57113,"text":"ofr4431 - 1944 - The Iron King no. 1 Copper Prospect, Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"ofr4431","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"The Iron King no. 1 Copper Prospect, Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":36144,"text":"b1090 - 1961 - Iron and copper deposits of Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b1090","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Iron and copper deposits of Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:40","indexId":"b1090","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1090","title":"Iron and copper deposits of Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1090","usgsCitation":"Warner, L.A., Goddard, E.N., and and others, 1961, Iron and copper deposits of Kasaan Peninsula, Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1090, 136 p. illus., maps, diagrs., tables. and portfolio (24 fold. plates (part col.)) ;25 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1090.","productDescription":"136 p. illus., maps, diagrs., tables. and portfolio (24 fold. plates (part col.)) ;25 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109320,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Lawrence Allen","contributorId":25144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, E. N.","contributorId":77158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":529534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2367,"text":"wsp1330E - 1961 - Water requirements of the copper industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2367,"text":"wsp1330E - 1961 - Water requirements of the copper industry","indexId":"wsp1330E","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Water requirements of the copper industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:14:06","indexId":"wsp1330E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"E","title":"Water requirements of the copper industry","docAbstract":"The copper industry in 1955 used about 330 million gallons of water per day in the mining and manufacturing of primary copper. This amount is about 0.3 percent of the total estimated withdrawals of industrial water in the United States in 1955. These facts were determined by a survey, in 1956, of the amount and chemical quality of the water used by the copper industry.
A large part of this water was used in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, where about five-sixths of the domestic copper is mined. Much of the remaining water use was near New York City where most of the electrolytic refineries are located, and the rest of the water was used in widely scattered places.
A little more than 100,000 gallons of water per ton of copper was used in the production of copper from domestic ores. Of this amount about 70,000 gallons per ton was used in mining and concentrating the ore, and about 30,000 gallons per ton was used to reduce the concentrate to refined copper. In areas where water was scarce or expensive, the unit water use was a little more than half the average. About 60 mgd (million gallons per day) or 18 percent of the water was used consumptively, and nearly all of the consumptive use occurred in the water-short areas of the West.
Of the water used in mining and manufacturing primary copper 75 percent was surface water and 25 percent was ground water, 89 percent of this water was self-supplied by the copper companies and 11 percent came from public supplies.
Much of the water used in producing primary copper was of comparatively poor quality; about 46 percent was saline containing 1,000 ppm (parts per million) or more of dissolved solids and 54 percent was fresh. Water that is used for concentration of copper ores by flotation or even any water that comes in contact with the ore at any time before it reaches the flotation plant must be free of petroleum products because they interfere with the flotation process. The water used in mining and ore concentration was higher in dissolved solids and was harder than the water used in smelting and refining. Water used in mining and ore concentration had a median dissolved solids content of about 400 ppm and a median hardness (as CaCO3) of about 200 ppm. The median values for water used in smelting and refining were only half these amounts.
","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330E","usgsCitation":"Mussey, O.D., 1961, Water requirements of the copper industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, iv,39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330E.","productDescription":"iv,39 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"219","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330e/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mussey, Orville Durey","contributorId":45688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mussey","given":"Orville","email":"","middleInitial":"Durey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220603,"text":"70220603 - 1961 - Some aspects of the geochemistry of sphalerite, Central City District, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:57:32.680452","indexId":"70220603","displayToPublicDate":"1961-11-01T16:52:53","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some aspects of the geochemistry of sphalerite, Central City District, Colorado","docAbstract":"Detailed studies of sphalerite, as a part of a larger study of the Central City district, Colorado, have been undertaken to learn something of the physico-chemical environment of ore deposition. More than 90 samples have been analyzed by chemical and spectrochemical methods and these data are interpreted in the light of experimental information.Sphalerite is a widespread and moderately abundant constituent of the gold- and silver-rich veins of the district. It was deposited during one stage of mineralization, in all environments of the concentrically zoned district except in the core. On a district-wide basis it occurs in three mineral assemblages: sphalerite-pyrite- chalcopyrite-tennantite-galena, sphalerite-pyrite-tennantite-galena, and sphalerite-pyrite-enargite-tennan-tite-galena. Quartz and, locally, other gangues are present.The sphalerite samples contain from 12 to 0.05 weight percent iron and detectable amounts of a restricted suite of minor elements, principally manganese, cadmium, copper, and lead. Manganese correlates directly with iron content, but the other minor elements have random correlations.The iron content of Central City sphalerite is interpreted to be mainly a function of activity of sulfur and temperature. Total pressure and minor elements that may enter the structure of either sphalerite or coexisting pyrite are thought to have negligible effects on the amount of iron in the sphalerite.The iron content of the sphalerite and fluid inclusion studies indicate that mineralization occurred over a temperature range from at least 620° C to about 150° C. In general, the temperatures tended to decrease from the vicinity of the central zone outward toward the peripheral zone. The thermal pattern, however, was complex, and marked by local irregularities.The activity of sulfur decreased with temperature, but to an extent such that more sulfur-rich mineral assemblages could form toward the margins of the district.The minor-element content of the sphalerite is governed by the activities of the various components and by the ability of the host mineral to accomodate it. Manganese varies widely because (1) it is geochemically much more abundant than is zinc and (2) it can also enter other minerals on a large scale. Conversely, because the amount of cadmium is small relative to that of zinc and because it enters only sphalerite in quantitatively significant amounts in hydrothermal environments, the cadmium content of sphalerite is constant. The copper content of the sphalerites is low and in good agreement with recent experimental data of Priestley Toulmin 3d.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.56.7.1211","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., and Barton, P.B., 1961, Some aspects of the geochemistry of sphalerite, Central City District, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 7, p. 1211-1237, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.7.1211.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1237","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Central City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.53501129150389,\n 39.7789912112384\n ],\n [\n -105.48419952392578,\n 39.7789912112384\n ],\n [\n -105.48419952392578,\n 39.81354685177315\n ],\n [\n -105.53501129150389,\n 39.81354685177315\n ],\n [\n -105.53501129150389,\n 39.7789912112384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":78702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, P. B. Jr.","contributorId":23683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220604,"text":"70220604 - 1961 - A comparison of analytical methods used in geochemical prospecting for copper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T14:33:20.287409","indexId":"70220604","displayToPublicDate":"1961-08-01T17:01:33","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of analytical methods used in geochemical prospecting for copper","docAbstract":"Analytical methods used in geochemical prospecting for copper were compared by analysis of samples of residual soil collected in duplicate near a copper-bearing vein at the Malachite mine, Jefferson County, Colo. In this area barren or \"background\" samples have a mean copper content of 58 ppm (parts per million) and anomalous samples containing copper derived from the vein have a mean copper content of 216 ppm. Most anomalous samples are above 100 ppm and most barren samples are below. Geochemical prospecting tests, such as the spectrographic, biquinoline, dithizone and chromograph tests for copper and the citrate soluble and acid-soluble tests for total heavy metal, are almost as sensitive but are less precise and less accurate than standard quantitative trace analysis. Statistical techniques based chiefly upon the coefficient of variation show that the geochemical prospecting tests differ considerably among themselves in sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. This study indicates that the dithizone and the biquinoline tests for copper are the best for geochemical prospecting in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.56.5.855","usgsCitation":"Huff, L., Lovering, T., Lakin, H.W., and Myers, A., 1961, A comparison of analytical methods used in geochemical prospecting for copper: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 5, p. 855-872, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.5.855.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"872","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Jefferson County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.4248046875,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -105.0787353515625,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -105.0787353515625,\n 40.04023218690451\n ],\n [\n -105.4248046875,\n 40.04023218690451\n ],\n [\n -105.4248046875,\n 39.198205348894795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, L.C.","contributorId":32919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovering, T.G.","contributorId":91098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lakin, H. W.","contributorId":11594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, A.T.","contributorId":8468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220606,"text":"70220606 - 1961 - Copper, vanadium, and uranium deposits in sandstone-their distribution and geochemical cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T22:59:15.670349","indexId":"70220606","displayToPublicDate":"1961-05-01T17:55:02","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper, vanadium, and uranium deposits in sandstone-their distribution and geochemical cycles","docAbstract":"Deposits of copper, vanadium, and uranium in nonmarine sandstones are numerous and widespread. Copper deposits, with or without uranium, are mainly resident in first-generation arkosic sandstones derived from granitic rock terrains; deposits rich in vanadium, with or without much uranium, are dominantly in second-generation sandstones derived from sedimentary rocks; and the uranium deposits with little or no vanadium or copper are in either first- or second-generation sandstones, many of which are associated with beds containing volcanic debris. All three metals are dispersed in igneous rocks but not in close association. Copper and uranium enter the hydrothermal environment, but the record of vanadium in hydrothermal solutions and veins is scant. Some of the uranium and most of the copper minerals in igneous rocks and veins oxidize readily and the metals go into surface- and ground-water solutions, but the vanadium in igneous rocks is not so easily mobilized-under normal geologic conditions, conceivably it may require diagenetic reactions and a second period of weathering to solubilize much vanadium. All three metals precipitate from solutions in the presence of a reducing agent, such as carbonaceous material or associated sulfide ions, either in sediments as they accumulate or in existing rocks. These geochemical habits permit the concept that copper and uranium are made available by weathering of igneous rock terrains and hence might accumulate in first-generation sediments, whereas vanadium would be commonly available only after a second period of weathering. Perhaps the oxidation or devitrification of volcanic debris may contribute uranium to ground waters as does the weathering, of igneous rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.56.3.509","usgsCitation":"Fischer, R.P., and Stewart, J.H., 1961, Copper, vanadium, and uranium deposits in sandstone-their distribution and geochemical cycles: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 3, p. 509-520, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.3.509.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"520","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, R. P.","contributorId":89958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, J. H.","contributorId":36421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1227,"text":"wsp1480 - 1960 - Evaporation control research, 1955-58","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1480","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1480","title":"Evaporation control research, 1955-58","docAbstract":"One hundred fifty-two compounds and compositions of matter were screened as potential evaporation retardants. The homologous straight-chain fatty alkanols are considered the best materials for retardants. \r\n\r\nSeveral methods of application of the alkanols to the reservoir surface were investigated. Although wick-type drippers for the application of liquids and cage rafts for the application of solids appear to be the most promising methods from an economic standpoint, both methods have serious disadvantages. Considerable study was given to reducing biochemical oxidation of the evaporation retardants. Copper in several forms was found adequate as a bacteriostatic agent but posed a potential hazard because of its toxicity. Many other bactericides that were tested were also toxic. \r\n\r\nTwo sets of large-scale field tests have been completed and several others are still in progress. On the larger reservoirs, the reduction of evaporation was not more than 20 percent under the prevailing conditions and the application procedure used. \r\n\r\nThree major practical problems remain; namely, the effects and action of wind on the monofilm, the effects of biochemical oxidation, and the most effective method of application. Fundamental problems remaining include the effects of various impurities, and the composition of the best evaporation retardant; the long-range effects of monofilms on the limnology of a reservoir, including the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide; toxicological aspects of all components of any evaporation-retardant composition, plus toxicology of any composition chosen for large-scale use; and further studies of the calorimetry and thermodynamics involved in the mechanism of evaporation and its reduction by a monofilm.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1480","usgsCitation":"Cruse, R.R., and Harbeck, G.E., 1960, Evaporation control research, 1955-58: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1480, iv, 45 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1480.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1480/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26145,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1480/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruse, Robert R.","contributorId":93326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruse","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbeck, Guy Earl","contributorId":82290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbeck","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16547,"text":"ofr60155 - 1960 - Geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humbolt County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16547,"text":"ofr60155 - 1960 - Geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humbolt County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr60155","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humbolt County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":36247,"text":"b1141D - 1963 - General geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada","indexId":"b1141D","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"General geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":36247,"text":"b1141D - 1963 - General geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada","indexId":"b1141D","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"General geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:34:12","indexId":"ofr60155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-155","title":"Geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humbolt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Jackson Mountains, a prominent range near the center of Humboldt County, Nevada, are of interest because the Cretaceous rocks in the range record the effects of a late Cretaceous to early Tertiary orogeny. Such an orogeny has been assumed to have effected all of the Great Basin, but the rock record is sufficiently complete to provide positive dating in only a few areas such as the Jackson Mountains.
The oldest rocks in the range are the Permian and older(?) volcanic rocks of the Happy Creek volcanic series which make up most of the northern half of the range. In a few places the Happy Creek volcanic series grades upward into undivided Permian and Triassic rocks, which consist of interbedded elastic sedimentary rocks and basic volcanic rocks, with some shaly and siliceous limestone. The Happy Creek volcanic series is also overlain by an unnamed predominantly limestone unit of Triassic age. A phyllite and slate unit of probable Triassic ass is in fault contact with the Permian and Triassic undivided rocks. At several other localities the Happy Creek volcanic rocks are overlain by the early Cretaceous King Lear formation or by the Cretaceous or Tertiary Pansy Lee conglomerate, which are the two units of chief importance in dating the Cretaceous and early Tertiary orogenic events.
The King Lear formation consists of locally derived pebble and boulder conglomerate and interbedded siltstone and greywacke, and lenses of limestone.
The Pansy Lee conglomerate is a pebble conglomerate with considerable interbedded coarse-grained sandstone. The pebbles consist of chart and quartzite completely unlike rocks pow exposed in the Jackson mountains.
Dioritic rocks were intruded both before and after the King Lear formation was deposited. Granodioritic intrusive bodies in the range cut rocks no younger than Triassic but the granodiorite is believed to be of late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age.
Tertiary intrusive and extrusive volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks are widely distributed along the east side and south end of the range.
The most extensive tectonic feature of the Jackson Mountains is the Deer Creek thrust, which is discontinuously exposed from Rattlesnake Canyon northeastward to the north side of Deer Creek Peak. The thrust has brought the Happy Creek volcanic series over the King Lear and Pansy Lee formations, and thus it is of late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age.
An earlier period of Cretaceous deformation is shown by a northeastward-plunging syncline in the King Lear formation on the southeast side of King Lear Peak.
Pre-Cretaceous deformation is shown by a tight fold in lime/atom of the undivided Permian and Triassic unit beneath the King Lear formation at the mouth of Rattlesnake Canyon.
The late Tertiary deformation vas almost exclusively a response to vertically directed stresses, which generally produced high angle faults rather than folds. The range has probably been uplifted principally by displacement on faults that are buried beneath the alluvium some distance to the east and vest of the range.
Ore deposits in the range include tome small but high-grade iron deposits, some low-grade quicksilver deposits and some small copper prospects.
The iron occurs in veins that cut the Happy Creek volcanic series or as replacement bodies near the contact between diorite and the Happy Creek volcanics. Bleached volcanic rocks that are cut by numerous closely spaced joints with a film of hematite in the volcanic rock on either aids of the joints suggest that the iron of the iron deposits has been derived from the Happy Creek volcanic rocks. The diorite intrusives may have provided heat and solutions to mobilize the iron of the volcanic rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr60155","usgsCitation":"Willden, C.R., 1960, Geology of the Jackson Mountains, Humbolt County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-155, Report: x, 120 p.; 2 Plates: 30.14 x 41.18 inches and 24.00 x 15.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60155.","productDescription":"Report: x, 120 p.; 2 Plates: 30.14 x 41.18 inches and 24.00 x 15.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0155/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360544,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0155/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Humbolt County","otherGeospatial":"Jackson Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.75,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willden, Charles Ronald","contributorId":84388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willden","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16378,"text":"ofr60143 - 1960 - A preliminary report on the copper-cobalt deposits of the Quartzburg district, Grant County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-29T21:35:25.921035","indexId":"ofr60143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-143","title":"A preliminary report on the copper-cobalt deposits of the Quartzburg district, Grant County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The copper- and cobalt-bearing veins of part of the Quartzburg district are in fracture zones trending about N. 70 degrees E. in folded Permian (?) metavolcanic rocks on the southwest side of a quartz diorite stock. Along many of the veins fine-grained tourmaline and quartz have replaced the country rock. The primary ore minerals are chalcopyrite, glaucodot, safflorite, and cobaltite. The copper- and cobalt-rich parts of the deposits appear to be in separate ore shoots. Gold content is generally higher in the cobalt-bearing parts of the veins than in the copper-rich parts.\r\n\r\nThe Standard mine has developed part of one vein zone. Several other vein zones that crop out may contain as much copper as the Standard vein zone. Further bulldozing and diamond drilling on the surface, and more geologic mapping, sampling, and diamond drilling underground are suggested as means to explore for more ore deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr60143","usgsCitation":"Vhay, J.S., 1960, A preliminary report on the copper-cobalt deposits of the Quartzburg district, Grant County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-143, Report: 20 p.; 3 Plates: 27.11 × 28.57 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60143.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 3 Plates: 27.11 × 28.57 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":45318,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0143/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45317,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0143/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45316,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0143/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45319,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392205,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7970.htm"},{"id":147825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0143/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Grant County","otherGeospatial":"Quartzburg district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6889,\n 44.5422\n ],\n [\n -118.6658,\n 44.5422\n ],\n [\n -118.6658,\n 44.5603\n ],\n [\n -118.6889,\n 44.5603\n ],\n [\n -118.6889,\n 44.5422\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vhay, John Stewart","contributorId":97920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vhay","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16389,"text":"ofr60145 - 1960 - Geology and ore deposits of the Klondike Ridge area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr60145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-145","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Klondike Ridge area, Colorado","docAbstract":"The region described in this report is in the northeastern part of the Colorado Plateau and is transitional between two major structural elements. The western part is typical of the salt anticline region of the Plateau, but the eastern part has features which reflect movements in the nearby San Juan Mountains. \r\n\r\nThere are five major structural elements in the report area: the Gypsum Valley anticline, Dry Creek Basin, the Horse Park fault block, Disappointment Valley, and the Dolores anticline. Three periods of major uplift are recognized In the southeastern end of the Gypsum Valley anticline. Each was followed by collapse of the overlying strata. Erosion after the first two periods removed nearly all topographic relief over the anticline; erosion after the last uplift has not yet had a profound effect on the topography except where evaporite beds are exposed at the surface. \r\n\r\nThe first and greatest period of salt flow and anticlinal uplift began in the late Pennsylvanian and continued intermittently and on an ever decreasing scale into the Early Cretaceous. Most movement was in the Permian and Triassic periods. The second period of uplift and collapse was essentially contemporaneous with widespread tectonic activity on. the northwestern side of the San Juan Mountains and may have Occurred in the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. Granogabbro sills and dikes were intruded during the middle or upper Tertiary in Disappointment Valley and adjoining parts of the Gypsum Valley and Dolores anticlines. The third and mildest period of uplift occurred in the Pleistocene and was essentially contemporaneous with the post-Hinsdale uplift of the San Juan Mountains. This uplift began near the end of the earliest, or Cerro, stage of glaciation.\r\n\r\nUranium-vanadium, manganese, and copper ore as well as gravel have been mined in the Klondike district. All deposits are small, and few have yielded more than 100 tons of ore. Most of the latter are carnotite deposits. Carnotite occurs in the lower part of the basal sandstone unit of the Salt Wash member of the Morrison formation. Most deposits are in a narrow, elongate \u001Dmineral belt' that cuts obliquely across Klondike Ridge. The remaining deposits probably form a second 'mineral belt' lying about ? mile to the north. Manganese and copper deposits show both stratigraphic and structural controls of mineralization. Most manganese deposits are in red beds near Tertiary faults; most copper deposits, on the other hand, are in brown sandstone, limestone, or gray-green shale and, like manganese, are in or near Tertiary faults. \r\n\r\nThe manganese and copper deposits are hydrothermal in origin and were formed in the roots of an ancient hot springs system, now deeply eroded. The ore-bearing solutions probably consisted of dilute, carbonate-sulfate ground water heated by the near-surface intrusion of small bodies of igneous rock. These solutions obtained their metals by leaching the wallrock; little, if any, material was added by the intrusives. The deposits were formed near the surface under conditions of hydrostatic pressure, and temperatures and pressures in the ore-bearing solutions were probably low. The early solutions were weakly alkaline and reducing in character. A convection cell was established as mineralization progressed, and surface water mingled at depth with the solutions. As a result of mixing and oxidation, the pH of the solution decreased in later stages of mineralization and the Eh rose.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr60145","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.D., 1960, Geology and ore deposits of the Klondike Ridge area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-145, 206 p. ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60145.","productDescription":"206 p. ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45350,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45351,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45352,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45353,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45354,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45357,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45358,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45359,"rank":418,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45360,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45341,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45342,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45343,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45344,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45345,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45346,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45347,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45348,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45349,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45355,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45356,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0145/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68473f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, John David","contributorId":74392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}