Carbon (C) sequestration through accumulated plant biomass and storage in soils can potentially make wetland ecosystems net C sinks. Here, we collected GHG flux, plant biomass, and litter decomposition data from three distinct vegetation zones (Spartinaalterniflora, Juncus roemerianus and Spartina patens) on a 7-year-old created brackish marsh in North Carolina, USA, and integrate these data into an overall C mass balance budget. The marsh fixed an average of 1.85 g C m−2 day−1 through plant photosynthesis. About 41–46% of the fixed C remained in plants, while 18.4% of the C was decomposed and released back to the atmosphere as CO2 and CH4, and 8.6–13.2% of the decomposed C was stored as soil C. In all, this created marsh sequestered 28.7–44.7 Mg CO2 year−1 across the 14 ha marsh. Because the brackish marsh emitted only small amounts of CH4 and N2O, the CO2 equivalent emission of the marsh was −0.87 to −0.56 g CO2-eq m−2 day−1, indicating the marsh has a net effect in reducing GHGs to the atmosphere and contributes to cooling. However, resultant CO2 credit (through the increment of soil C) would be worth only $30.76–$47.90 USD per hectare annually, or $431–$671 per year for the project, which, coupled with other enhanced ecosystem services, could provide landowners with some additional economic incentive for future creation projects. Nevertheless, C mass balance determinations and radiative cooling metrics showed promise in demonstrating the potential of a young created brackish marsh to act as a net carbon sink.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.09.007","usgsCitation":"Shiau, Y., Burchell, M.R., Krauss, K.W., Broome, S.W., and Birgand, F., 2019, Carbon storage potential in a recently created brackish marsh in eastern North Carolina, USA: Ecological Engineering, v. 127, p. 579-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.09.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"588","ipdsId":"IP-080504","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.09.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.937255859375,\n 34.56764471968292\n ],\n [\n -76.146240234375,\n 34.56764471968292\n ],\n [\n -76.146240234375,\n 35.0906979730151\n ],\n [\n -76.937255859375,\n 35.0906979730151\n ],\n [\n -76.937255859375,\n 34.56764471968292\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f8be4b0fc368eb538af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shiau, Yo-Jin","contributorId":174552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shiau","given":"Yo-Jin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burchell, Michael R.","contributorId":174553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burchell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Broome, Stephen W.","contributorId":174555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Broome","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birgand, Francois","contributorId":208193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birgand","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36764,"text":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205093,"text":"70205093 - 2019 - Mw 4.2 Delaware Earthquake of 30 November 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-04T14:56:19","indexId":"70205093","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-19T09:53:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mw 4.2 Delaware Earthquake of 30 November 2017","docAbstract":"The 30 November 2017 Delaware earthquake with magnitude MW 4.2 occurred beneath the northeastern tip of the Delmarva Peninsula near Dover, Delaware. The earthquake and its aftershocks provide an opportunity to evaluate seismicity in a passive margin setting using much improved coverage by high-quality permanent broadband seismometers at regional distance ranges in the central and eastern United States. This is the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in Delaware and triggered a collaborative rapid-response effort by seismologists at five institutions along the mid-Atlantic. As a result of this effort, eighteen portable seismographs were deployed in the epicentral region within 24 hours of the mainshock. High-quality seismic recordings at over 380 permanent regional broadband seismographic stations in the eastern United States show a remarkably small decrease in amplitude with distance between 800-2000 km. The mainshock focal mechanism shows predominantly strike-slip motion with a significant thrust component. The orientation of the subhorizontal P-axis is consistent with that of earthquakes in the nearby Reading-Lancaster seismic zone in Pennsylvania, but are rotated counter-clockwise about 45º from that of the MW 5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake. We detected small aftershocks below the normal event detection threshold by using a waveform cross-correlation detection method. This demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach for earthquake studies and hazard evaluation in the eastern United States. Based on their waveform similarities, repeating earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 1.5 are detected in 2010, 2015, and 2017. While there is a large time interval between events, 5 years and 2.2 years respectively, the events occur within a spatially tight cluster located near the 2017 Dover DE earthquake mainshock.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220180124","usgsCitation":"Kim, W., Gold, M., Ramsay, J., Meltzer, A., Wunsch, D., Baxter, S., Lekic, V., Goodling, P., Pearson, K., Wagner, L.S., Roman, D.C., Golden, S., and Pratt, T.L., 2019, Mw 4.2 Delaware Earthquake of 30 November 2017: Seismological Research Letters, v. 89, no. 6, p. 2447-2460, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180124.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2447","endPage":"2460","ipdsId":"IP-100479","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.564927,39.583248],[-75.576271,39.588144],[-75.578719,39.591504],[-75.579615,39.598656],[-75.565823,39.590608],[-75.564927,39.583248]]],[[[-75.55587,39.605824],[-75.561934,39.605216],[-75.567694,39.613744],[-75.571759,39.623584],[-75.570798,39.626768],[-75.559446,39.629812],[-75.559102,39.629056],[-75.559614,39.624208],[-75.558446,39.617296],[-75.556878,39.612144],[-75.557502,39.609184],[-75.556734,39.606688],[-75.55587,39.605824]]],[[[-75.594846,39.837286],[-75.593666,39.837455],[-75.593082,39.8375],[-75.5799,39.838522],[-75.579849,39.838526],[-75.570464,39.839007],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.463341,39.823812],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.428038,39.809212],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.405337,39.796213],[-75.437938,39.783413],[-75.440909,39.780831],[-75.448639,39.774113],[-75.448135,39.773969],[-75.447339,39.773313],[-75.452339,39.769013],[-75.459439,39.765813],[-75.463339,39.761213],[-75.463039,39.758313],[-75.466249,39.750769],[-75.466263,39.750737],[-75.469239,39.743613],[-75.474168,39.735473],[-75.475384,39.731057],[-75.47544,39.728713],[-75.47724,39.724713],[-75.477432,39.720561],[-75.476888,39.718337],[-75.47764,39.715013],[-75.47894,39.713813],[-75.481741,39.714546],[-75.483141,39.715513],[-75.485241,39.715813],[-75.488553,39.714833],[-75.491341,39.711113],[-75.496241,39.701413],[-75.504042,39.698313],[-75.507162,39.696961],[-75.509042,39.694513],[-75.509742,39.686113],[-75.529744,39.692613],[-75.562246,39.656712],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.611969,39.621968],[-75.613153,39.62096],[-75.613377,39.620288],[-75.614065,39.61832],[-75.614929,39.615952],[-75.614273,39.61464],[-75.613345,39.613056],[-75.613665,39.61256],[-75.613233,39.607408],[-75.613477,39.606861],[-75.613473,39.606832],[-75.613793,39.606192],[-75.611905,39.597568],[-75.611873,39.597408],[-75.60464,39.58992],[-75.603584,39.58896],[-75.592224,39.583568],[-75.591984,39.583248],[-75.587744,39.580672],[-75.5872,39.580256],[-75.586608,39.57888],[-75.586016,39.578448],[-75.571599,39.567728],[-75.570783,39.56728],[-75.563034,39.56224],[-75.564649,39.559922],[-75.565636,39.558509],[-75.569359,39.540589],[-75.569418,39.539124],[-75.570362,39.527223],[-75.560728,39.520472],[-75.566933,39.508273],[-75.576436,39.509195],[-75.587729,39.496353],[-75.587729,39.495369],[-75.593068,39.479186],[-75.593068,39.477996],[-75.589901,39.462022],[-75.589439,39.460812],[-75.580185,39.450786],[-75.578914,39.44788],[-75.570985,39.442486],[-75.57183,39.438897],[-75.55589,39.430351],[-75.538512,39.416502],[-75.535977,39.409384],[-75.523583,39.391583],[-75.521682,39.387871],[-75.512996,39.366153],[-75.512372,39.365656],[-75.511788,39.365191],[-75.505276,39.359169],[-75.494158,39.354613],[-75.491797,39.351845],[-75.494122,39.34658],[-75.493148,39.345527],[-75.491688,39.343963],[-75.490377,39.342818],[-75.479845,39.337472],[-75.479963,39.336577],[-75.469324,39.33082],[-75.460423,39.328236],[-75.439027,39.313384],[-75.436936,39.309379],[-75.435551,39.297546],[-75.435374,39.296676],[-75.427953,39.285049],[-75.408376,39.264698],[-75.402964,39.254626],[-75.404823,39.245898],[-75.405927,39.243631],[-75.405716,39.223834],[-75.404745,39.222666],[-75.396892,39.216141],[-75.393015,39.204512],[-75.39479,39.188354],[-75.398584,39.186616],[-75.400144,39.186456],[-75.408266,39.174625],[-75.410625,39.156246],[-75.401193,39.088762],[-75.402035,39.066885],[-75.400294,39.065645],[-75.395806,39.059211],[-75.396277,39.057884],[-75.387914,39.051174],[-75.379873,39.04879],[-75.345763,39.024857],[-75.34089,39.01996],[-75.318354,38.988191],[-75.314951,38.980775],[-75.311607,38.967637],[-75.312546,38.951065],[-75.312546,38.94928],[-75.311923,38.945917],[-75.311882,38.945698],[-75.311542,38.944633],[-75.302552,38.939002],[-75.312282,38.924594],[-75.304078,38.91316],[-75.263115,38.877351],[-75.232029,38.844254],[-75.205329,38.823386],[-75.190552,38.806861],[-75.160748,38.791224],[-75.159022,38.790193],[-75.134022,38.782242],[-75.113331,38.782998],[-75.097103,38.788703],[-75.093654,38.793992],[-75.097197,38.803101],[-75.093805,38.803812],[-75.089473,38.797198],[-75.082153,38.772157],[-75.080217,38.750112],[-75.079221,38.738238],[-75.06551,38.66103],[-75.065217,38.632394],[-75.06192,38.608869],[-75.061259,38.608602],[-75.060478,38.608012],[-75.060032,38.607709],[-75.049748,38.486387],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.049268,38.451264],[-75.05251,38.451273],[-75.053483,38.451274],[-75.064719,38.451289],[-75.066327,38.451291],[-75.069909,38.451276],[-75.070356,38.451276],[-75.085814,38.451258],[-75.088281,38.451256],[-75.089649,38.451254],[-75.141894,38.451196],[-75.185413,38.451013],[-75.252723,38.451397],[-75.26035,38.451492],[-75.341247,38.45197],[-75.34125,38.45197],[-75.355797,38.452008],[-75.371054,38.452107],[-75.393563,38.452114],[-75.394786,38.45216],[-75.410884,38.4524],[-75.424831,38.45261],[-75.428728,38.452671],[-75.47915,38.453699],[-75.500142,38.454144],[-75.502961,38.45422],[-75.521304,38.454657],[-75.52273,38.454657],[-75.533763,38.454958],[-75.559212,38.455563],[-75.559934,38.455579],[-75.57411,38.455991],[-75.583601,38.456424],[-75.589307,38.456286],[-75.593082,38.456404],[-75.598069,38.456855],[-75.630457,38.457904],[-75.662843,38.458759],[-75.665585,38.4589],[-75.693521,38.460128],[-75.696369,38.492373],[-75.696688,38.496467],[-75.698777,38.522001],[-75.700179,38.542717],[-75.701465,38.559433],[-75.701565,38.560736],[-75.703445,38.58512],[-75.703981,38.592066],[-75.705774,38.61474],[-75.70586,38.616268],[-75.706235,38.621296],[-75.706585,38.626125],[-75.707346,38.63528],[-75.707352,38.635359],[-75.722028,38.822078],[-75.722599,38.829859],[-75.72261,38.830008],[-75.722882,38.833156],[-75.724002,38.846682],[-75.724061,38.847781],[-75.725565,38.868152],[-75.725829,38.869296],[-75.743811,39.094674],[-75.745793,39.114935],[-75.746121,39.120318],[-75.747668,39.143306],[-75.747671,39.143345],[-75.749356,39.164815],[-75.751028,39.177762],[-75.755953,39.245958],[-75.755962,39.246069],[-75.760104,39.296817],[-75.766667,39.377216],[-75.766693,39.377537],[-75.779518,39.534724],[-75.779663,39.536504],[-75.780786,39.550262],[-75.78689,39.630575],[-75.78745,39.637455],[-75.788658,39.658211],[-75.788616,39.680742],[-75.788658,39.681911],[-75.788395,39.700031],[-75.788395,39.700287],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.766058,39.737811],[-75.760346,39.747231],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.727049,39.784126],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.685991,39.811054],[-75.662822,39.82115],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.617251,39.833999],[-75.595756,39.837156],[-75.594846,39.837286]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Delaware\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"89","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Won-Young","contributorId":218712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Won-Young","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gold, Mitchell","contributorId":218713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gold","given":"Mitchell","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsay, Joseph","contributorId":218714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsay","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meltzer, Anne","contributorId":218715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meltzer","given":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":16160,"text":"Lehigh University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wunsch, David","contributorId":218716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wunsch","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baxter, Stefanie","contributorId":218717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"Stefanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lekic, Vedran","contributorId":218718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lekic","given":"Vedran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goodling, Phillip","contributorId":210136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodling","given":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pearson, Karen","contributorId":218719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wagner, Lara S.","contributorId":206726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":30217,"text":"Carnegie Institution for Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roman, Diana C.","contributorId":176225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Golden, Steven","contributorId":218720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golden","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30217,"text":"Carnegie Institution for Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70204363,"text":"70204363 - 2019 - Temporal variation in breeding season survival and cause-specific mortality of lesser prairie-chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-22T14:44:52","indexId":"70204363","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-06T12:03:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in breeding season survival and cause-specific mortality of lesser prairie-chickens","docAbstract":"The lesser prairie-chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus has experienced significant declines in distribution and abundance since the early 1900s. A severe and prolonged drought from 2009 to 2013 resulted in further declines in population numbers and despite improved environmental and habitat conditions since 2013, populations of lesser prairie chickens have shown little improvement. To investigate whether breeding season survival of lesser prairie-chickens in eastern New Mexico could be driving this response, we developed the following objectives: 1) estimate male and female breeding-season survival; 2) determine whether male and female survival varies temporally among lekking, nesting, and brood-rearing periods; and 3) determine cause-specific mortality during the breeding season. We captured and radiocollared 76 lesser prairie-chickens (50 male, 26 female) during spring of 2014 and 2015 and estimated their survival throughout the breeding season (15 March–31 August). Male survival was nearly double that of females in both years (0.79–0.81 and 0.38–0.45, respectively). Males had similar survival across all periods (lekking, postlekking, late summer: 0.89–0.95). Females had the greatest period-specific survival during lekking and brood rearing (0.87 ± 0.08 and 0.85 ± 0.10, respectively) relative to the nesting period (0.58 ± 0.11). Mammalian predation was the primary cause of mortality in both years. Our results indicate that in New Mexico 1) lesser prairie-chicken breeding season survival was consistent with geographically similar studies, 2) females have lower survival during the nesting period, and 3) female lesser prairie-chicken survival was lower than male survival regardless of time period. Management actions that provide and protect high-quality nesting habitat may help ensure that female survival is maximized during the nesting period.
","language":"English","publisher":"US Fish and Wildlife Service Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/112016-JFWM-081","usgsCitation":"Andrew R. Meyers, Carleton, S., Gould, W.R., Clay T. Nichols, Haukos, D.A., and Christian A. Hagen, 2019, Temporal variation in breeding season survival and cause-specific mortality of lesser prairie-chickens: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 507-518, https://doi.org/10.3996/112016-JFWM-081.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"518","ipdsId":"IP-081191","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/112016-jfwm-081","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Lea County, Roosevelt County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-103.0525,33.5738],[-103.0559,33.3903],[-103.0593,33.209],[-103.0632,33.0017],[-103.0632,32.9589],[-103.0637,32.5215],[-103.0641,32.0856],[-103.0642,31.9996],[-103.3084,32.0006],[-103.3265,32.0007],[-103.3394,32.0008],[-103.3781,32.0008],[-103.3954,32.0008],[-103.7164,32.0015],[-103.7162,32.0631],[-103.716,32.0918],[-103.716,32.1666],[-103.7161,32.1817],[-103.7157,32.2546],[-103.7158,32.2692],[-103.7154,32.3385],[-103.7155,32.3535],[-103.7156,32.4278],[-103.7157,32.4429],[-103.7165,32.4916],[-103.7165,32.5085],[-103.7166,32.524],[-103.7194,32.524],[-103.7493,32.5242],[-103.7716,32.5246],[-103.789,32.5245],[-103.8096,32.5249],[-103.8097,32.5399],[-103.81,32.6101],[-103.8101,32.6247],[-103.8103,32.6971],[-103.8105,32.7122],[-103.8112,32.7823],[-103.8114,32.7974],[-103.8112,32.8429],[-103.8114,32.8575],[-103.8115,32.8725],[-103.8116,32.8876],[-103.8112,32.903],[-103.8111,32.9663],[-103.7651,32.9668],[-103.765,33.0096],[-103.7646,33.0232],[-103.7625,33.2722],[-103.7623,33.3173],[-103.7611,33.3973],[-103.7155,33.3973],[-103.7149,33.4547],[-103.7151,33.4683],[-103.7146,33.4847],[-103.7143,33.5147],[-103.7139,33.5284],[-103.7127,33.5702],[-103.5738,33.571],[-103.5396,33.5712],[-103.506,33.5713],[-103.5043,33.6591],[-103.6091,33.6595],[-103.6466,33.6603],[-103.6637,33.6606],[-103.7144,33.6612],[-103.716,33.7208],[-103.7159,33.8186],[-103.8385,33.8219],[-103.8396,34.0843],[-103.945,34.0848],[-103.9419,34.2625],[-103.9475,34.2621],[-103.9457,34.6056],[-103.8093,34.6068],[-103.7368,34.6059],[-103.7365,34.3473],[-103.735,34.3032],[-103.0424,34.3022],[-103.0428,34.1058],[-103.0431,34.0971],[-103.0434,34.0917],[-103.0448,34.0589],[-103.0447,34.0221],[-103.0427,34.0007],[-103.0452,33.8947],[-103.0462,33.8493],[-103.0469,33.8237],[-103.0487,33.75],[-103.0514,33.6402],[-103.0525,33.5738]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lea\",\"state\":\"NM\"}}]}","volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrew R. Meyers","contributorId":217296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrew R. Meyers","affiliations":[{"id":27575,"text":"NMSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carleton, Scott","contributorId":217295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carleton","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37461,"text":"fws","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":217297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27575,"text":"NMSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clay T. Nichols","contributorId":217298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clay T. Nichols","affiliations":[{"id":37461,"text":"fws","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christian A. Hagen","contributorId":217299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christian A. Hagen","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203772,"text":"70203772 - 2019 - The Santa Cruz Basin submarine landslide complex, southern California: Repeated failure of uplifted basin sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T09:27:31","indexId":"70203772","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-30T11:04:30","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Santa Cruz Basin submarine landslide complex, southern California: Repeated failure of uplifted basin sediment","docAbstract":"The Santa Cruz Basin (SCB) is one of several fault-bounded basins within the California Continental Borderland that has drawn interest over the years for its role in the tectonic evolution of the region, but also because it contains a record of a variety of modes of sedimentary mass transport (i.e., open slope vs. canyon-confined systems). Here, we present a suite of new high-resolution marine geophysical data that demonstrate the extent and significance of the SCB submarine landslide complex in terms of late Miocene to present basin evolution and regional geohazard assessment. The new data reveal that submarine landslides cover an area of ~160 km2 along the eastern flank of the Santa Rosa–Cortes Ridge and have emplaced a minimum of 9 to 16 km3 of mass transport deposits along the floor of the SCB during the Quaternary. The failures occur along an onlapping wedge of Pliocene sediment that was uplifted and tilted during the later stages of basin development. The uplifted and steepened Pliocene strata were preconditioned for failure so that parts of the section failed episodically throughout the Quaternary—most likely during large earthquakes. Once failed, the material initially translated as a block glide along a defined failure surface. As transport continued several kilometers across a steep section of the lower slope, the material separated into distinctive proximal and distal components. The failed masses mobilized into debris flows that show evidence for dynamic separation into less and more mobile components that disturbed and eroded underlying stratigraphy in areas most proximal to the source area. The most highly mobilized components and those with the lowest viscosity and yield strength produced flows that blanket the underlying stratigraphy along the distal reaches of deposition. The estimated volumes of individual landslides within the complex (0.1–2.6 km3), the runout distance measured from the headwalls (>20 km), and evidence for relatively high velocity during initial mobilization all suggest that slides in the SCB may have been tsunamigenic. Because many slopes in the California Continental Borderland are either sediment starved or have experienced sediment bypass during the Quaternary, we propose that uplift and rotation of Pliocene deposits are important preconditioning factors for slope failure that need to be systematically evaluated as potential tsunami initiators.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From the Mountains to the Abyss--The California Borderland as an archive of southern California geologic evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/sepmsp.110.05","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Maier, K.L., Kluesner, J., Conrad, J.E., and Chaytor, J., 2019, The Santa Cruz Basin submarine landslide complex, southern California: Repeated failure of uplifted basin sediment, chap. of From the Mountains to the Abyss--The California Borderland as an archive of southern California geologic evolution, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.110.05.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-075723","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California Continental Borderland, Santa Cruz Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 33.30298618122413\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 33.30298618122413\n ],\n [\n -119.14672851562499,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 33.30298618122413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":210199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maier, Katherine L. 0000-0003-2908-3340 kcoble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-3340","contributorId":4926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine","email":"kcoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kluesner, Jared W. 0000-0003-1701-8832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-8832","contributorId":206367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"Jared W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason 0000-0001-8135-8677 jchaytor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8677","contributorId":140095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203035,"text":"70203035 - 2019 - Monitoring brine contamination using time-lapse airborne electromagnetic surveys, East Poplar Oil Field, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T09:34:03","indexId":"70203035","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-14T09:33:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Monitoring brine contamination using time-lapse airborne electromagnetic surveys, East Poplar Oil Field, Montana","docAbstract":"Integrated geophysical and water-quality studies have been used to delineate areas of saline groundwater in shallow unconfined aquifers underlying the East Poplar oil field in northeastern Montana. In 2004, a RESOLVE survey was conducted over the oil field to identify high conductivity areas potentially associated with brine contamination and to map the shale unit comprising the base of aquifer. In 2014, a SkyTEM 301 survey was conducted over the same flight paths to examine possible changes in groundwater conductivity and to complete the base-of-aquifer mapping where the depth of investigation from the 2004 survey was inadequate. We present a preliminary comparison between the 2004 and 2014 surveys.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"7th annual conference on airborne electromagnetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"7th annual conference on airborne electromagnetics","conferenceDate":"June 17-20, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Kolding, Denmark","language":"English","publisher":"AEM","usgsCitation":"Ball, L., Deszcz-Pan, M., Thamke, J., and Smith, B., 2019, Monitoring brine contamination using time-lapse airborne electromagnetic surveys, East Poplar Oil Field, Montana, in 7th annual conference on airborne electromagnetics, Kolding, Denmark, June 17-20, 2018.","ipdsId":"IP-095182","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.conferencemanager.dk/AEM2018/abstracts-presentations-posters.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"East Poplar Oil Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.2435302734375,\n 48.028509034432986\n ],\n [\n -104.8809814453125,\n 48.028509034432986\n ],\n [\n -104.8809814453125,\n 48.439223211480595\n ],\n [\n -105.2435302734375,\n 48.439223211480595\n ],\n [\n -105.2435302734375,\n 48.028509034432986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay 0000-0002-6356-4693","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":214821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":760887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":214822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":760888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":214823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Bruce 0000-0002-1643-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":214824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203771,"text":"70203771 - 2019 - Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-12T08:56:36","indexId":"70203771","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-21T10:18:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Queen Charlotte Fault defines the Pacific–North America transform plate boundary in western Canada and southeastern Alaska for c. 900 km. The entire length of the fault is submerged along a continental margin dominated by Quaternary glacial processes, yet the geomorphology along the margin has never been systematically examined due to the absence of high-resolution seafloor mapping data. Hence the geological processes that influence the distribution, character and timing of mass transport events and their associated hazards remain poorly understood. Here we develop a classification of the first-order shape of the continental shelf, slope and rise to examine potential relationships between form and process dominance. We found that the margin can be split into six geomorphic groups that vary smoothly from north to south between two basic end-members. The northernmost group (west of Chichagof Island, Alaska) is characterized by concave-upwards slope profiles, gentle slope gradients (<6°) and relatively low along-strike variance, all features characteristic of sediment-dominated siliciclastic margins. Dendritic submarine canyon/channel networks and retrogressive failure complexes along relatively gentle slope gradients are observed throughout the region, suggesting that high rates of Quaternary sediment delivery and accumulation played a fundamental part in mass transport processes. Individual failures range in area from 0.02 to 70 km2 and display scarp heights between 10 and 250 m. Transpression along the Queen Charlotte Fault increases southwards and the slope physiography is thus progressively more influenced by regional-scale tectonic deformation. The southernmost group (west of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia) defines the tectonically dominated end-member: the continental slope is characterized by steep gradients (>20°) along the flanks of broad, margin-parallel ridges and valleys. Mass transport features in the tectonically dominated areas are mostly observed along steep escarpments and the larger slides (up to 10 km2) appear to be failures of consolidated material along the flanks of tectonic features. Overall, these observations highlight the role of first-order margin physiography on the distribution and type of submarine landslides expected to occur in particular morphological settings. The sediment-dominated end-member allows for the accumulation of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments and shows larger, more frequent slides; the rugged physiography of the tectonically dominated end-member leads to sediment bypass and the collapse of uplifted tectonic features. The maximum and average dimensions of slides are an order of magnitude smaller than those of slides observed along other (passive) glaciated margins. We propose that the general patterns observed in slide distribution are caused by the interplay between tectonic activity (long- and short-term) and sediment delivery. The recurrence (<100 years) of M > 7 earthquakes along the Queen Charlotte Fault may generate small, but frequent, failures of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments within the sediment-dominated regions. By contrast, the tectonically dominated regions are characterized by the bypass of Quaternary sediments to the continental rise and the less frequent collapse of steep, uplifted and consolidated sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP477.30","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Andrews, B.D., Walton, M.A., Greene, H.G., Barrie, J.V., Miller, N.C., ten Brink, U., East, A.E., Haeussler, P.J., Kluesner, J., and Conrad, J.E., 2019, Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska: Geological Society Special Publication, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.30.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-091677","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Queen Charlotte Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 50\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Daniel","contributorId":216159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. 0000-0003-1024-9400 bandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-9400","contributorId":201662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton, Maureen A. L. 0000-0001-8496-463X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-463X","contributorId":211025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"A. L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":208568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrie, J. Vaughn","contributorId":216160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vaughn","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Nathaniel C. 0000-0003-3271-2929 ncmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-2929","contributorId":174592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Nathaniel","email":"ncmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":764054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kluesner, Jared W. 0000-0003-1701-8832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-8832","contributorId":206367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"Jared W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70203571,"text":"70203571 - 2019 - Appalachian Basin stratigraphy, tectonics, and eustasy from the Blue Ridge to the Allegheny Front, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-22T16:10:37","indexId":"70203571","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-30T15:23:24","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5835,"text":"Field Trip Guide","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"seriesNumber":"FTG-10","title":"Appalachian Basin stratigraphy, tectonics, and eustasy from the Blue Ridge to the Allegheny Front, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"This guide is from a two-day field trip in western Virginia and eastern West Virginia held before the 2015 Geological Society of America annual meeting in Baltimore, Maryland. The field trip examines exposures of Paleozoic sedimentary strata in the Appalachian Basin starting in the Blue Ridge physiographic province, going through the Valley and Ridge physiographic province, and ending in the Appalachian Plateau physiographic province. Most of the field-trip stops are along US 48 (Corridor H) in West Virginia.","language":"English","publisher":"West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey","usgsCitation":"Haynes, J.T., Pitts, A.D., Doctor, D.H., Diecchio, R.J., and Blake, M.B., 2019, Appalachian Basin stratigraphy, tectonics, and eustasy from the Blue Ridge to the Allegheny Front, Virginia and West Virginia: Field Trip Guide FTG-10, 86 p.","productDescription":"86 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077232","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364097,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://downloads.wvgs.wvnet.edu/pubcat/docs/FTG-10%20Corridor%20H%20guidebook%20%20lo-res.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, John T.","contributorId":197407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitts, Alan D.","contributorId":215769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitts","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39316,"text":"University of Camerino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diecchio, Richard J.","contributorId":215770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diecchio","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blake, Mitchell B.","contributorId":215771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35742,"text":"West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194829,"text":"sir20185003 - 2019 - Hydrogeologic controls and geochemical indicators of groundwater movement in the Niles Cone and southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasins, Alameda County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:40:36","indexId":"sir20185003","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5003","title":"Hydrogeologic controls and geochemical indicators of groundwater movement in the Niles Cone and southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasins, Alameda County, California","docAbstract":"Beginning in the 1970s, Alameda County Water District began infiltrating imported water through ponds in repurposed gravel quarries at the Quarry Lakes Regional Park, in the Niles Cone groundwater subbasin, to recharge groundwater and to minimize intrusion of saline, San Francisco Bay water into freshwater aquifers. Hydraulic connection between distinct aquifers underlying Quarry Lakes allows water to recharge the upper aquifer system to depths of 400 feet below land surface, and the Deep aquifer to depths of more than 650 feet. Previous studies of the Niles Cone and southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasins suggested that these two subbasins may be hydraulically connected. Characterization of storage capacities and hydraulic properties of the complex aquifers and the structural and stratigraphic controls on groundwater movement aids in optimal storage and recovery of recharged water and provides information on the ability of aquifers shared by different water management agencies to fulfill competing storage and extraction demands. The movement of recharge water through the Niles Cone groundwater subbasin from Quarry Lakes and the possible hydraulic connection between the Niles Cone and the southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasins were investigated using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), water-chemistry, and isotopic data, including tritium/helium-3, helium-4, and carbon-14 age-dating techniques.
InSAR data collected during refilling of the Quarry Lakes recharge ponds show corresponding ground-surface displacement. Maximum uplift was about 0.8 inches, reasonable for elastic expansion of sedimentary materials experiencing an increase in hydraulic head that resulted from pond refilling. Sodium concentrations increase while calcium and magnesium concentrations in groundwater decrease along groundwater flowpaths from the Niles Cone groundwater subbasin through the Deep aquifer to the northwest toward the southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasin. Residual effects of pre-1970s intrusion of saline water from San Francisco Bay, including high chloride concentrations in groundwater, are evident in parts of the Niles Cone subbasin. Noble gas recharge temperatures indicate two primary recharge sources (Quarry Lakes and Alameda Creek) in the Niles Cone groundwater subbasin. Although recharge at Quarry Lakes affects hydraulic heads as far as the transition zone between the Niles Cone and East Bay Plain groundwater subbasins (about 5 miles), the effect of recharged water on water quality is only apparent in wells near (less than 2 miles) recharge sources. Groundwater chemistry from upper aquifer system wells near Quarry Lakes showed an evaporated signal (less negative oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values) relative to surrounding groundwater and a tritium concentration (2 tritium units) consistent with recently recharged water from a surface-water impoundment.
Uncorrected carbon-14 activities measured in water sampled from wells in the Niles Cone groundwater subbasin range from 16 to 100 percent modern carbon (pmC). The geochemical reaction modeling software NETPATH was used to interpret carbon-14 ages along a flowpath from Quarry Lakes toward the East Bay Plain groundwater subbasin. Model results indicate that changes in groundwater chemistry are controlled by cation exchange on clay minerals and weathering of primary silicate minerals. Old groundwater (lower carbon-14 activities) is characterized by high dissolved silica and pH. Interpreted carbon-14 ages ranged from 830 to more than 7,000 years before present and are less than helium-4 ages that range from 2,000 to greater than 11,000 years before present. The average horizontal groundwater velocity along the studied flowpath, as calculated using interpreted carbon-14 ages, through the Deep aquifer of the Niles Cone groundwater subbasin is between 3 and 12 feet per year. The groundwater velocity decreases near the boundary of the transition zone to the southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasin to about 0.5 feet per year. These changes may result from water recharged from different sources converging in flowpaths north of the transition zone, or a boundary to flow between the Niles Cone and southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasins, likely owing to changes in lithology caused by depositional patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the East Bay Municipal Utility District, City of Hayward, and Alameda County Water District","usgsCitation":"Teague, Nick, Izbicki, John, Borchers, Jim, Kulongoski, Justin, and Jurgens, Bryant, 2018, Hydrogeologic controls and geochemical indicators of groundwater movement in the Niles Cone and southern East Bay Plain groundwater subbasins, Alameda County, California (ver. 1.1, February 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5003, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185003.","productDescription":"x, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043410","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360934,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5003/versionHist.txt"},{"id":351228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5003/sir20185003_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3333,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -121.9167,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -121.9167,\n 37.8333\n ],\n [\n -122.3333,\n 37.8333\n ],\n [\n -122.3333,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Ver. 1.0: February 2018; Ver. 1.1: February 2019","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
The quality of stormwater runoff from bridge decks (hereafter referred to as “bridge-deck runoff”) was characterized in a field study from August 2014 through August 2016 in which concentrations of suspended sediment (SS) and total nutrients were monitored. These new data were collected to supplement existing highway-runoff data collected in Massachusetts which were deficient in bridge-deck runoff concentration data. Monitoring stations were installed at three bridges maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation in eastern Massachusetts (State Route 2A in the city of Boston, Interstate 90 in the town of Weston, and State Route 20 near Quinsigamond Village in the city of Worcester). The bridges had annual average daily traffic volumes from 21,200 to 124,000 vehicles per day; the land use surrounding the monitoring stations was 25 to 67 percent impervious.
Automatic-monitoring techniques were used to collect more than 160 flow-proportional composite samples of bridge-deck runoff. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of SS, loss on ignition of suspended solids (LOI), particulate carbon (PC), total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved nitrogen (DN), and particulate nitrogen (PN). The distribution of particle size of SS also was determined for composite samples. Samples of bridge-deck runoff were collected year round during rain, mixed precipitation, and snowmelt runoff and with different dry antecedent periods throughout the 2-year sampling period.
At the three bridge-deck-monitoring stations, median concentrations of SS in composite samples of bridge-deck runoff ranged from 1,490 to 2,020 milligrams per liter (mg/L); however, the range of SS in individual composites was vast at 44 to 142,000 mg/L. Median concentrations of SS were similar in composite samples collected from the State Route 2A and Interstate 90 bridge (2,010 and 2,020 mg/L, respectively), and lowest at the State Route 20 bridge (1,490 mg/L). Concentrations of coarse sediment (greater than 0.25 millimeters in diameter) dominated the SS matrix by more than an order of magnitude. Concentrations of LOI and PC in composite samples ranged from 15 to 1,740 mg/L and 6.68 to 1,360 mg/L, respectively, and generally represented less than 10 and 3 percent of the median mass of SS, respectively. Concentrations of TP in composite samples ranged from 0.09 to 7.02 mg/L; median concentrations of TP ranged from 0.505 to 0.69 mg/L and were highest on the bridge on State Route 2A in Boston. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) (sum DN and PN) in composite samples were variable (0.36 to 29 mg/L). Median DN (0.64 to 0.90 mg/L) concentrations generally represented about 40 percent of the TN concentration at each bridge and were similar to annual volume-weighted mean concentrations of nitrogen in precipitation in Massachusetts.
Nonparametric statistical methods were used to test for differences between sample constituent concentrations among the three bridges. These results indicated that there are no statistically significant differences for concentrations of SS, LOI, PC, and TP among the three bridges (one-way analysis of variance test on rank-transformed data, 95-percent confidence level). Test results for concentrations of TN in composite samples indicated that concentrations of TN collected on State Route 20 near Quinsigamond Village were significantly higher than those concentrations collected on State Route 2A in Boston and Interstate 90 near Weston. Median concentrations of TN were about 93 and 55 percent lower at State Route 2A and at Interstate 90, respectively, compared to the median concentrations of TN at State Route 20.
Samples of sediment were collected from five fixed locations on each bridge on three occasions during dry weather to calculate semiquantitative distributions of sediment yields on the bridge surface relative to the monitoring location. Mean yields of bridge-deck sediment during this study for State Route 2A in Boston, Interstate 90 near Weston, and State Route 20 near Quinsigamond Village were 1,500, 250, and 5,700 pounds per curb-mile, respectively. Sediment yields at each sampling location varied widely (26 to 25,000 pounds per curb-mile) but were similar to yields reported elsewhere in Massachusetts and the United States. Yields calculated for each sampling location indicated that the sediment was not evenly distributed across each bridge in this study for plausible reasons such as bridge slope, vehicular tracking, and bridge deterioration.
Bridge-deck sediment quality was largely affected by the distribution of sediment particle size. Concentrations of TP in the fine sediment-size fraction (less than 0.0625 millimeter in diameter) of samples of bridge-deck sediment were about 6 times greater than in the coarse size fraction. Concentrations for many total-recoverable metals were 2 to 17 times greater in the fine size fraction compared to concentrations in the coarse size fraction (greater than or equal to 0.25 millimeter in diameter), and concentrations of total-recoverable copper and lead in the fine size fraction were 2 to 65 times higher compared to concentrations in the intermediate (greater than or equal to 0.0625 to 0.25 millimeter in diameter) or the coarse size fraction. However, the proportion of sediment particles less than 0.0625 millimeter in diameter in composite samples of bridge-deck runoff was small (median values range from 4 to 8 percent at each bridge) compared to the larger sediment particle-size mass. As a result, more than 50 percent of the sediment-associated TP, aluminum, chromium, manganese, and nickel was estimated to be associated with the coarse size fraction of the SS load. In contrast, about 95 percent of the estimated sediment-associated copper concentration was associated with the fine size fraction of the SS load.
Version 1.0.2 of the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model was used to simulate long-term (29–30-year) concentrations and annual yields of SS, TP, and TN in bridge-deck runoff and in discharges from a hypothetical stormwater treatment best-management practice structure. Three methods (traditional statistics, robust statistics, and L-moments) were used to calculate statistics for stochastic simulations because the high variability in measured concentration values during the field study resulted in extreme simulated concentrations. Statistics of each dataset, including the average, standard deviation, and skew of the common (base 10) logarithms, for each of the three bridges, and for a lumped dataset, were calculated and used for simulations; statistics representing the median of statistics calculated for the three bridges also were used for simulations. These median statistics were selected for the interpretive simulations so that the simulations could be used to estimate concentrations and yields from other, unmonitored bridges in Massachusetts. Comparisons of the standard and robust statistics indicated that simulation results with either method would be similar, which indicated that the large variability in simulated results was not caused by a few outliers. Comparison to statistics calculated by the L-moments methods indicated that L-moments do not produce extreme concentrations; however, they also do not produce results that represent the bulk of concentration data.
The runoff-quality risk analysis indicated that bridge-deck runoff would exceed discharge standards commonly used for large, advanced wastewater treatment plants, but that commonly used stormwater best-management practices may reduce the percentage of exceedances by one-half. Results of simulations indicated that long-term average yields of TN, TP, and SS may be about 21.4, 6.44, and 40,600 pounds per acre per year, respectively. These yields are about 1.3, 3.4, and 16 times simulated ultra-urban highway yields in Massachusetts; however, simulations indicated that use of a best-management practice structure to treat bridge-deck runoff may reduce discharge yields to about 10, 2.8, and 4,300, pounds per acre per year, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185033","isbn":"978-1-4113-4222-4","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., Sorenson, J.R., and Granato, G.E., 2018, Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridge decks in eastern Massachusetts, 2014–16: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5033, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185033.","productDescription":"xiii, 73 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-088034","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5033/sir20185033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5033"},{"id":353906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5033/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.98516845703125,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -70.7904052734375,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -71.98516845703125,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -71.98516845703125,\n 41.97582726102573\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Lake trout stocking began in the 1970s as part of a binational effort to restore a self-sustaining population of lake trout in Lake Ontario. Despite 48 years of restoration stocking, lake trout in Lake Ontario have not reestablished a self-sustaining population. Spawning surveys done at Stony Island Reef (SIR) in eastern Lake Ontario in 1987 and 1989 documented lake trout egg deposition and swim-up fry. Bottom trawls in the early 1990s found naturally-reproduced juvenile lake trout in this region of the lake. More recently, naturally-reproduced juveniles have been found in western Lake Ontario, but few have been found near SIR in the eastern basin. In 2017 and 2018, we examined SIR spawning habitat and lake trout egg deposition rates and compared them to historical values. The average interstitial depth observed in 2018 was less than 4 cm, and the maximum depth observed was 15 cm. These interstitial depths are greatly reduced from depths up to 45 cm reported in the 1980s. Only one egg was captured in 95 egg nets deployed during the spawning period, which resulted in a CPUE of 0.00035 eggs/net/day, markedly lower than the egg densities measured at SIR in 1987 and 1989 of (1.27 eggs/net/day and 0.27 eggs/net/day respectively). Observations of the cobble spawning habitat suggested interstitial spaces were more infilled relative to conditions observed in the 1980s. Infill material was heavily comprised of dreissenid mussels shells and shell fragments. These findings indicate that changes in lake trout spawning habitat may be inhibiting lake trout reproduction at SIR.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario annual report 2018","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)","usgsCitation":"Furgal, S., Lantry, B.F., Weidel, B., Farrell, J.M., Gorsky, D., and Biesinger, Z., 2018, Lake trout spawning and habitat assessment at Stony Island Reef, chap. 20 of NYSDEC Lake Ontario annual report 2018, p. 20-1-20-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"20-1","endPage":"20-6","ipdsId":"IP-106482","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369861,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/fish_marine_pdf/lourpt18.pdf"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario, Stony Island Reef","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.3065719604492,\n 43.906055713100805\n ],\n [\n -76.27035140991211,\n 43.906055713100805\n ],\n [\n -76.27035140991211,\n 43.92707729641145\n ],\n [\n -76.3065719604492,\n 43.92707729641145\n ],\n [\n -76.3065719604492,\n 43.906055713100805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furgal, Stacy 0000-0001-8828-6290","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-6290","contributorId":216791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furgal","given":"Stacy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrell, John M.","contributorId":172505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farrell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27058,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 250 Illick Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gorsky, Dimitry","contributorId":169691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorsky","given":"Dimitry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Biesinger, Zy","contributorId":197993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biesinger","given":"Zy","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199464,"text":"ofr20181150 - 2018 - Batrachochytrium salamandriovrans (Bsal) in Appalachia—Using scenario building to proactively prepare for a wildlife disease outbreak caused by an invasive amphibian chytrid fungus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-08T09:16:34","indexId":"ofr20181150","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-08T10:35:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1150","displayTitle":"Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) in Appalachia: Using Scenario Building to Proactively Prepare for a Wildlife Disease Outbreak Caused by an Invasive Amphibian Chytrid Fungus","title":"Batrachochytrium salamandriovrans (Bsal) in Appalachia—Using scenario building to proactively prepare for a wildlife disease outbreak caused by an invasive amphibian chytrid fungus","docAbstract":"Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), a pathogenic chytrid fungus, is nonnative to the United States and poses a disease threat to vulnerable amphibian hosts. The Bsal fungus may lead to increases in threatened, endangered, and sensitive status listings at State, Tribal, and Federal levels, resulting in financial costs associated with implementing the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The United States is a global biodiversity hotspot for salamanders, an order of amphibians that is particularly vulnerable to developing a disease called chytridiomycosis when exposed to Bsal. Published Bsal risk assessments for North America have suggested that salamanders within the Appalachian region of the United States are at a high risk. In May 2017, a workshop was facilitated by the Department of the Interior’s Strategic Sciences Group. During the workshop, a discussion-based incident-response exercise focused on a hypothetical Bsal disease outbreak in Appalachia was led by U.S. Geological Survey staff members. Participants included representatives of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, Appalachian Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and U.S. Department of Agriculture’s U.S. Forest Service. Scenario building was used to brainstorm cascading consequences (social, economic, and ecological) of a Bsal disease outbreak in the Appalachian region. This report highlights the management and science actions that could be undertaken to ensure an effective, rapid response to a Bsal introduction into the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181150","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, M.C., Adams, M.J., Super, P.E., Olson, D.H., Hickman, C.R., English, P., Sprague, L., Maska, I.B., Pennaz, A.B., and Ludwig, K.A., 2018, Batrachochytrium salamandriovrans (Bsal) in Appalachia—Using scenario building to proactively prepare for a wildlife disease outbreak caused by an invasive amphibian chytrid fungus: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1150, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181150.","productDescription":"Report: v, 9 p.; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-092683","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1150/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1150/ofr20181150.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2018-1150"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 300
Reston, VA 20192
Sediment pulses can cause widespread, complex changes to rivers and coastal regions. Quantifying landscape response to sediment-supply changes is a long-standing problem in geomorphology, but the unanticipated nature of most sediment pulses rarely allows for detailed measurement of associated landscape processes and evolution. The intentional removal of two large dams on the Elwha River (Washington, USA) exposed ~30 Mt of impounded sediment to fluvial erosion, presenting a unique opportunity to quantify source-to-sink river and coastal responses to a massive sediment-source perturbation. Here we evaluate geomorphic evolution during and after the sediment pulse, presenting a 5-year sediment budget and morphodynamic analysis of the Elwha River and its delta. Approximately 65% of the sediment was eroded, of which only ~10% was deposited in the fluvial system. This restored fluvial supply of sand, gravel, and wood substantially changed the channel morphology. The remaining ~90% of the released sediment was transported to the coast, causing ~60 ha of delta growth. Although metrics of geomorphic change did not follow simple time-coherent paths, many signals peaked 1–2 years after the start of dam removal, indicating combined impulse and step-change disturbance responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-30817-8","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, A.C., Warrick, J.A., East, A.E., Magirl, C.S., Stevens, A.W., Bountry, J.A., Randle, T.J., Curran, C.A., Hilldale, R.C., Duda, J.J., Miller, I.M., Pess, G.R., Eidam, E., Foley, M.M., McCoy, R., and Ogston, A.S., 2018, Morphodynamic evolution following sediment release from the world’s largest dam removal: Scientific Reports, v. 8, 13279, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30817-8.","productDescription":"13279, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-093205","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30817-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha Dam, Elwha River, Olympic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.61679077148438,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -123.61679077148438,\n 48.15600899174947\n ],\n [\n -123.475341796875,\n 48.15600899174947\n ],\n [\n -123.475341796875,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -123.61679077148438,\n 47.96050238891509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":167736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. 0000-0003-2334-129X astevens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-129X","contributorId":139313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bountry, Jennifer A.","contributorId":30114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bountry","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Randle, Timothy J.","contributorId":90994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randle","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hilldale, Robert C.","contributorId":139315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilldale","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":148954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Eidam, Emily","contributorId":139311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eidam","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Foley, Melissa M. 0000-0002-5832-6404 mfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-6404","contributorId":4861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Melissa","email":"mfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McCoy, Randall","contributorId":194430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCoy","given":"Randall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ogston, Andrea S.","contributorId":12119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70205455,"text":"70205455 - 2018 - Thresholds of lake and reservoir connectivity in river networks control nitrogen removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:05:16.435219","indexId":"70205455","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-17T18:32:09","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thresholds of lake and reservoir connectivity in river networks control nitrogen removal","docAbstract":"Lakes, reservoirs, and other ponded waters are ubiquitous features of the aquatic landscape, yet their cumulative role in nitrogen removal in large river basins is often unclear. Here we use predictive modeling, together with comprehensive river water quality, land use, and hydrography datasets, to examine and explain the influences of more than 18,000 ponded waters on nitrogen removal through river networks of the Northeastern United States. Thresholds in pond density where ponded waters become important features to regional nitrogen removal are identified and shown to vary according to a ponded waters’ relative size, network position, and degree of connectivity to the river network, which suggests worldwide importance of these new metrics. Consideration of the interacting physical and biological factors, along with thresholds in connectivity, reveal where, why, and how much ponded waters function differently than streams in removing nitrogen, what regional water quality outcomes may result, and in what capacity management strategies could most effectively achieve desired nitrogen loading reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-05156-x","usgsCitation":"Schmadel, N.M., Harvey, J., Alexander, R., Schwarz, G., Moore, R., Eng, K., Gomez-Velez, J., Boyer, E.W., and Scott, D., 2018, Thresholds of lake and reservoir connectivity in river networks control nitrogen removal: Nature Communications, v. 9, 2779, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05156-x.","productDescription":"2779, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-093046","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05156-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode island, Vermont, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -69.2138671875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -71.8505859375,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -74.3994140625,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 40.81380923056958\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -78.9697265625,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -73.125,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.37098696297173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmadel, Noah M.","contributorId":219098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmadel","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39961,"text":"USGS Post-Doc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson","contributorId":219097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":219099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":771258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":219100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Richard","contributorId":219101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":771260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eng, Ken 0000-0001-6838-5849 keng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-5849","contributorId":3580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","email":"keng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gomez-Velez, Jesus D.","contributorId":219103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomez-Velez","given":"Jesus D.","affiliations":[{"id":39962,"text":"Department of Earth & Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Scott, Durelle","contributorId":219088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Durelle","affiliations":[{"id":39959,"text":"Virginia Tech.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70201558,"text":"sim3402 - 2018 - Surficial materials of Massachusetts—A 1:24,000-scale geologic map database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T15:37:52.987287","indexId":"sim3402","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3402","displayTitle":"Surficial Materials of Massachusetts—A 1:24,000-Scale Geologic Map Database","title":"Surficial materials of Massachusetts—A 1:24,000-scale geologic map database","docAbstract":"The surficial materials geologic map database defines the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at the land surface in the 189 7.5-minute, 1:24,000-scale quadrangles that cover the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (index map). Across the State, these materials range in thickness from a few feet to more than 500 feet (ft). In some places, surficial materials are absent where bedrock is at the land surface. The geologic map database differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (such as grain size and sedimentary structures), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relationships, and age. The mapped distribution of surficial materials defines the areas of exposed bedrock and the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy.
Most of the surficial materials in Massachusetts are deposits of the last two continental ice sheets that covered all of New England in the latter part of the Pleistocene ice age. The glacial deposits are divided into two broad categories, glacial till and moraine deposits, and glacial stratified deposits. Widespread till deposits were laid down directly on bedrock or on semi-consolidated coastal plain strata by glacier ice. Tills in thick-till (>15 ft thick) drumlin landforms are found in all parts of the State. Areas of shallow bedrock contain thin discontinuous till deposits and numerous bedrock outcrops, and are located chiefly in rocky upland areas. Moraine deposits related to glacial ice lobes of the last ice sheet are located mostly in southeastern Massachusetts. Glacial stratified deposits are concentrated in valleys and lowland areas and were laid down by glacial meltwater in streams, lakes, and the sea in front of the retreating ice margin during the last deglaciation. Postglacial deposits, primarily flood-plain alluvium and swamp deposits, make up a lesser proportion of the unconsolidated materials.
The geodatabase included with this report contains MapUnitPolys, MapUnitOverlayPolys, and OverlayPolys, which show the distribution of geologic units that cover the entire map area and are intended for use at quadrangle scale (1:24,000). These data layers can be clipped by quadrangle or by town boundary. Unlike the units in conventional geologic maps, the digitally defined MapUnitOverlayPolys are arranged in order according to superposition. The polygons for till and bedrock are on the bottom and are overlain by the succeeding stratified deposits; these materials are shown everywhere they occur, including beneath postglacial deposits such as swamp deposits, and also beneath water bodies. The postglacial deposits are on top because these materials overlie the other, older deposits. Instructions for using the digital files are included in the README file. A series of map figures in the pamphlet illustrates the stacking of geologic units in a portion of the Mount Toby quadrangle. The BaseMaps folder contains the 1:24,000-scale topographic base map images (1944–1977 editions) used for this compilation.
This report supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports 2006-1260-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, -G, and -I.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3402","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Geological Survey and Executive Office for Administration and Finance","usgsCitation":"Stone, J.R., Stone, B.D., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., and Mabee, S.B., comps., 2018, Surficial materials of Massachusetts—A 1:24,000-scale geologic map database: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3402, 189 sheets, scale 1:24,000; index map, scale 1:250,000; 58-p. pamphlet; and geodatabase files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3402.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 58 p.; Index Map; Quandrangle Map Sheets; Metadata; Read Me; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066389","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361110,"rank":9,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_GeMS.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"186 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- sim3402_GeMS.zip contains SIM3402.gdb (an ESRI ArcGIS v. 10.5 file geodatabase), and metadata and other files"},{"id":361196,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"3.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":361099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361234,"rank":12,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_basemaps.zip","text":"BaseMaps Folder","size":"2.94 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Georeferenced tiff images for each quadrangle"},{"id":361233,"rank":11,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_simple.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"173 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- sim3402_simple.zip contains an automatic translation of most of the contents of SIM3402.gdb into simple flat shapefiles, and contains metadata"},{"id":361232,"rank":10,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_open.zip","text":"Geodatabase","size":"311 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- sim3402_open.zip contains a complete, automatic translation of SIM3402.gdb into shapefiles and other files, and contains metadata"},{"id":361577,"rank":8,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_metadata.xml","text":"SIM 3402 - Metadata","size":"29.6 KB xml"},{"id":361200,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_metadata.txt","text":"SIM 3402 - Metadata","size":"35.1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":361199,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_quadranglespdfs.zip","text":"Maps of Quadrangles 1–189","size":"3.12 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":361334,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_quadrangle","text":"Individual Quadrangle Map Sheets","size":"938 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361201,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402_index_map.pdf","text":"Index Map","size":"25.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361100,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3402/sim3402.pdf","text":"Report Pamphlet","size":"22.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3402"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.827398,41.602067],[-70.823735,41.598569],[-70.820918,41.587673],[-70.821001,41.587268],[-70.821743,41.583656],[-70.82191,41.582841],[-70.830087,41.585385],[-70.837632,41.595374],[-70.838147,41.596056],[-70.838452,41.59646],[-70.834529,41.60261],[-70.832044,41.606504],[-70.831802,41.606272],[-70.828025,41.602666],[-70.827398,41.602067]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.57485,41.468259],[-70.567356,41.471208],[-70.56328,41.469127],[-70.553277,41.452955],[-70.552943,41.443394],[-70.555588,41.430882],[-70.553096,41.423952],[-70.547567,41.415831],[-70.538301,41.409241],[-70.528581,41.4051],[-70.517584,41.403769],[-70.506984,41.400242],[-70.502372,41.392005],[-70.501306,41.385391],[-70.498959,41.384339],[-70.490758,41.383634],[-70.484503,41.38629],[-70.472604,41.399128],[-70.473035,41.408757],[-70.470788,41.412875],[-70.463833,41.419145],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.446233,41.39648],[-70.449268,41.380422],[-70.448262,41.353651],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.538294,41.348958],[-70.599157,41.349272],[-70.709826,41.341723],[-70.733253,41.336226],[-70.747541,41.329952],[-70.764188,41.318706],[-70.768015,41.311959],[-70.766166,41.308962],[-70.768687,41.303702],[-70.775665,41.300982],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.819415,41.327212],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.833802,41.353386],[-70.812309,41.355745],[-70.800289,41.3538],[-70.783291,41.347829],[-70.774974,41.349176],[-70.768901,41.353246],[-70.729225,41.397728],[-70.724366,41.398942],[-70.712432,41.40885],[-70.711493,41.41546],[-70.701378,41.430925],[-70.686881,41.441334],[-70.64933,41.461068],[-70.603555,41.482384],[-70.598444,41.481151],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.082072,41.299093],[-70.062565,41.308726],[-70.046088,41.321651],[-70.031332,41.339332],[-70.028805,41.359919],[-70.030924,41.367453],[-70.035162,41.372161],[-70.038458,41.376399],[-70.045586,41.383598],[-70.049564,41.3879],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-70.033514,41.385816],[-70.018446,41.36863],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-69.964422,41.25457],[-69.965725,41.252466],[-69.975,41.247392],[-70.001586,41.239353],[-70.015225,41.237964],[-70.052807,41.242685],[-70.083239,41.2444],[-70.096967,41.24085],[-70.118669,41.242351],[-70.170681,41.255881],[-70.237175,41.282724],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.266776,41.294453],[-70.273478,41.301528],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.260632,41.310092],[-70.249276,41.305623],[-70.244435,41.303203],[-70.240153,41.295384],[-70.229541,41.290171],[-70.20869,41.290171],[-70.196304,41.294612],[-70.12446,41.293851],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-73.022903,42.741133],[-72.930261,42.73916],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.285954,42.721631],[-72.282981,42.721557],[-72.124526,42.717636],[-71.981402,42.713294],[-71.928811,42.712234],[-71.898716,42.71142],[-71.745817,42.707287],[-71.636214,42.704888],[-71.631814,42.704788],[-71.542533,42.702672],[-71.351874,42.698154],[-71.330206,42.69719],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.278929,42.711258],[-71.267905,42.72589],[-71.255605,42.736389],[-71.25518,42.73665],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.233404,42.745489],[-71.223904,42.746689],[-71.208302,42.743314],[-71.208227,42.743294],[-71.208137,42.743273],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.174403,42.801589],[-71.167703,42.807389],[-71.165603,42.808689],[-71.149703,42.815489],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.116048,42.817751],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.053601,42.833089],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.044401,42.848789],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-70.949199,42.876089],[-70.931699,42.884189],[-70.930799,42.884589],[-70.927629,42.885326],[-70.914899,42.886589],[-70.914886,42.886564],[-70.902768,42.88653],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.837376,42.864996],[-70.830795,42.868918],[-70.821769,42.87188],[-70.817296,42.87229],[-70.817731,42.850613],[-70.80522,42.781798],[-70.792867,42.747118],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.770453,42.704824],[-70.778552,42.69852],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.764421,42.68565],[-70.748752,42.683878],[-70.744427,42.682092],[-70.72982,42.669602],[-70.728845,42.663877],[-70.689402,42.653319],[-70.682594,42.654525],[-70.681594,42.662342],[-70.663548,42.677603],[-70.645101,42.689423],[-70.630077,42.692699],[-70.620031,42.688006],[-70.622864,42.67599],[-70.623815,42.665481],[-70.622791,42.660873],[-70.61482,42.65765],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.591742,42.648508],[-70.591469,42.639821],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.605611,42.634898],[-70.61842,42.62864],[-70.635635,42.600243],[-70.654727,42.582234],[-70.664887,42.580436],[-70.668022,42.581732],[-70.668115,42.585361],[-70.668488,42.589643],[-70.670442,42.592249],[-70.672583,42.594296],[-70.675747,42.594669],[-70.678819,42.594389],[-70.681428,42.593173],[-70.684502,42.588858],[-70.698574,42.577393],[-70.729688,42.57151],[-70.737044,42.576863],[-70.757283,42.570455],[-70.804091,42.561595],[-70.815391,42.554195],[-70.823291,42.551495],[-70.848492,42.550195],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-70.872357,42.542952],[-70.866279,42.522617],[-70.859751,42.520441],[-70.857125,42.521492],[-70.842091,42.519495],[-70.831091,42.503596],[-70.835991,42.490496],[-70.841591,42.487596],[-70.847391,42.491496],[-70.857791,42.490296],[-70.879692,42.478796],[-70.886493,42.470197],[-70.887992,42.467096],[-70.887292,42.464896],[-70.894292,42.460896],[-70.908092,42.466896],[-70.917693,42.467996],[-70.921993,42.466696],[-70.934993,42.457896],[-70.934264,42.444646],[-70.933155,42.437833],[-70.928226,42.430986],[-70.913192,42.427697],[-70.908392,42.425197],[-70.901992,42.420297],[-70.905692,42.416197],[-70.936393,42.418097],[-70.943295,42.436248],[-70.943612,42.452092],[-70.94702,42.456236],[-70.96047,42.446166],[-70.960647,42.443787],[-70.960835,42.441272],[-70.982994,42.423996],[-70.987694,42.416696],[-70.990595,42.407098],[-70.989195,42.402598],[-70.985068,42.402041],[-70.983426,42.396246],[-70.980336,42.391513],[-70.972706,42.389968],[-70.970195,42.388036],[-70.97174,42.387071],[-70.972513,42.385042],[-70.972706,42.381759],[-70.972223,42.377316],[-70.960798,42.360648],[-70.953292,42.349698],[-70.953022,42.343973],[-70.963578,42.34686],[-70.972418,42.353875],[-70.974897,42.355843],[-70.979927,42.356382],[-70.982282,42.35592],[-70.998253,42.352788],[-71.006877,42.347039],[-71.010146,42.339234],[-71.011804,42.335274],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-71.013165,42.315419],[-71.005399,42.307196],[-71.000948,42.302483],[-71.006158,42.28811],[-71.0049,42.28272],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.98909,42.267449],[-70.967351,42.268168],[-70.948971,42.272505],[-70.945547,42.269081],[-70.935886,42.264189],[-70.923169,42.263211],[-70.910941,42.265412],[-70.906302,42.271636],[-70.896267,42.2851],[-70.895778,42.292436],[-70.897123,42.29586],[-70.915588,42.302463],[-70.91749,42.305686],[-70.907556,42.307889],[-70.882764,42.30886],[-70.881242,42.300663],[-70.870873,42.285668],[-70.861807,42.275965],[-70.851093,42.26827],[-70.831075,42.267424],[-70.824661,42.265935],[-70.811742,42.262935],[-70.788724,42.25392],[-70.780722,42.251792],[-70.770964,42.249197],[-70.764757,42.244062],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.74723,42.221816],[-70.73056,42.21094],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.718707,42.184853],[-70.714301,42.168783],[-70.706264,42.163137],[-70.685315,42.133025],[-70.663931,42.108336],[-70.640169,42.088633],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.647349,42.076331],[-70.64819,42.068441],[-70.643208,42.050821],[-70.644337,42.045895],[-70.650874,42.046247],[-70.66936,42.037116],[-70.671666,42.02139],[-70.667512,42.01232],[-70.670934,42.007786],[-70.678798,42.00551],[-70.686798,42.012764],[-70.695809,42.013346],[-70.712204,42.007586],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.698981,41.987103],[-70.662476,41.960592],[-70.651673,41.958701],[-70.648365,41.961672],[-70.631251,41.950475],[-70.623513,41.943273],[-70.616491,41.940204],[-70.608166,41.940701],[-70.598078,41.947772],[-70.583572,41.950007],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.546386,41.916751],[-70.54741,41.911934],[-70.545949,41.907158],[-70.532084,41.889568],[-70.525567,41.85873],[-70.535487,41.839381],[-70.542065,41.831263],[-70.543168,41.824446],[-70.54103,41.815754],[-70.537289,41.810859],[-70.532656,41.804796],[-70.517411,41.790953],[-70.494048,41.773883],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.412476,41.744397],[-70.375341,41.738779],[-70.290957,41.734312],[-70.275203,41.726143],[-70.272289,41.721346],[-70.263654,41.714115],[-70.259205,41.713954],[-70.23485,41.733733],[-70.216073,41.742981],[-70.189254,41.751982],[-70.182076,41.750885],[-70.141533,41.760072],[-70.121978,41.758841],[-70.096061,41.766549],[-70.064314,41.772845],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.003842,41.80852],[-70.004486,41.838826],[-70.009013,41.876625],[-70.000188,41.886938],[-70.002922,41.890315],[-70.012154,41.891656],[-70.024335,41.89882],[-70.025553,41.911699],[-70.030537,41.929154],[-70.044995,41.930049],[-70.054464,41.927366],[-70.065671,41.911658],[-70.065723,41.899641],[-70.065372,41.887702],[-70.064084,41.878924],[-70.066002,41.877011],[-70.067566,41.877793],[-70.070889,41.882973],[-70.073039,41.899783],[-70.074006,41.93865],[-70.077421,41.985497],[-70.083775,42.012041],[-70.089578,42.024896],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.10806,42.043601],[-70.123043,42.051668],[-70.148294,42.06195],[-70.155415,42.062409],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.178468,42.05642],[-70.186816,42.05045],[-70.194456,42.03947],[-70.195345,42.034163],[-70.193074,42.027576],[-70.186295,42.021308],[-70.186708,42.019904],[-70.190834,42.020028],[-70.196693,42.022429],[-70.208016,42.03073],[-70.218701,42.045848],[-70.233256,42.057714],[-70.238875,42.060479],[-70.24354,42.060569],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.238087,42.072878],[-70.225626,42.078601],[-70.206899,42.0819],[-70.189305,42.082337],[-70.160166,42.078628],[-70.115968,42.067638],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-70.033501,42.017736],[-70.011898,41.98972],[-69.986085,41.949597],[-69.968598,41.9117],[-69.945314,41.845222],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.928652,41.74125],[-69.928261,41.6917],[-69.933114,41.670014],[-69.947599,41.645394],[-69.951169,41.640799],[-69.958272,41.639429],[-69.963234,41.633794],[-69.967869,41.627503],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-69.982768,41.581812],[-69.988215,41.554704],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.004136,41.54212],[-70.011504,41.542924],[-70.014456,41.545534],[-70.016584,41.550772],[-70.015059,41.553037],[-70.010644,41.552692],[-70.00153,41.561953],[-69.994357,41.576846],[-69.987192,41.608579],[-69.973035,41.641046],[-69.973153,41.646963],[-69.975719,41.653738],[-69.996359,41.667184],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.014211,41.671971],[-70.029346,41.667744],[-70.055523,41.664843],[-70.089238,41.662813],[-70.140877,41.650423],[-70.158621,41.650438],[-70.191061,41.645259],[-70.245867,41.628479],[-70.25621,41.620698],[-70.25542,41.617541],[-70.259601,41.610863],[-70.265424,41.609333],[-70.267587,41.610912],[-70.269687,41.617775],[-70.26913,41.625742],[-70.274522,41.632927],[-70.28132,41.635125],[-70.29062,41.635196],[-70.321588,41.630508],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.338067,41.636338],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.360352,41.631069],[-70.364892,41.626721],[-70.364744,41.623671],[-70.369854,41.615888],[-70.379151,41.611361],[-70.400581,41.606382],[-70.408535,41.607345],[-70.437246,41.605329],[-70.445289,41.591815],[-70.461278,41.57182],[-70.476256,41.558502],[-70.485571,41.554244],[-70.493244,41.552044],[-70.522327,41.548965],[-70.559689,41.54833],[-70.611081,41.542989],[-70.633607,41.538254],[-70.643627,41.532357],[-70.654104,41.519025],[-70.663856,41.514031],[-70.669518,41.513339],[-70.675379,41.512623],[-70.705181,41.496677],[-70.734306,41.486335],[-70.757171,41.469917],[-70.756481,41.465977],[-70.760863,41.460947],[-70.79027,41.446339],[-70.817478,41.445562],[-70.835867,41.441877],[-70.857528,41.425767],[-70.866946,41.422378],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.928197,41.415781],[-70.937282,41.411618],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.951045,41.411777],[-70.949861,41.415323],[-70.928165,41.431265],[-70.923698,41.430716],[-70.918983,41.4253],[-70.91164,41.424484],[-70.906011,41.425708],[-70.883247,41.432239],[-70.855265,41.448892],[-70.828546,41.456448],[-70.802186,41.460864],[-70.787769,41.474609],[-70.775268,41.477465],[-70.753905,41.492256],[-70.745053,41.500966],[-70.6948,41.52564],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.654302,41.549926],[-70.655365,41.557498],[-70.653899,41.56516],[-70.64878,41.56987],[-70.642748,41.572385],[-70.640948,41.577325],[-70.64204,41.583066],[-70.652449,41.60521],[-70.651986,41.610184],[-70.640003,41.624616],[-70.645251,41.633547],[-70.652614,41.637829],[-70.650419,41.644202],[-70.638695,41.649427],[-70.637632,41.654573],[-70.646308,41.678433],[-70.649285,41.680943],[-70.661475,41.681756],[-70.645962,41.693794],[-70.62544,41.698691],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.626529,41.712995],[-70.642914,41.71841],[-70.644641,41.71898],[-70.651093,41.715715],[-70.656596,41.715401],[-70.670453,41.721912],[-70.708193,41.730959],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-70.726331,41.732731],[-70.728933,41.723433],[-70.721302,41.712968],[-70.717451,41.69398],[-70.719575,41.685002],[-70.729395,41.68814],[-70.744396,41.696967],[-70.755347,41.694326],[-70.761481,41.676808],[-70.76236,41.667735],[-70.758198,41.661225],[-70.757622,41.654265],[-70.765463,41.641575],[-70.769318,41.641145],[-70.773654,41.645033],[-70.775798,41.649145],[-70.776709,41.650756],[-70.809118,41.656437],[-70.813286,41.65567],[-70.815729,41.652796],[-70.816351,41.645995],[-70.804664,41.641157],[-70.800215,41.631753],[-70.801063,41.629513],[-70.810279,41.624873],[-70.835296,41.624532],[-70.843177,41.628487],[-70.843522,41.62866],[-70.843528,41.628663],[-70.844165,41.628983],[-70.852518,41.626919],[-70.855031,41.624283],[-70.855162,41.624145],[-70.854232,41.618429],[-70.854211,41.618302],[-70.853445,41.613592],[-70.850181,41.593529],[-70.85222,41.589223],[-70.852488,41.588658],[-70.852551,41.588526],[-70.853121,41.587321],[-70.85324,41.587332],[-70.857239,41.587705],[-70.862852,41.600678],[-70.862998,41.601014],[-70.863486,41.602143],[-70.868501,41.613733],[-70.868904,41.614664],[-70.86836,41.622664],[-70.869624,41.625608],[-70.872665,41.627816],[-70.87904,41.629777],[-70.887643,41.632422],[-70.889209,41.632904],[-70.88926,41.632875],[-70.889594,41.632685],[-70.904513,41.624205],[-70.905765,41.623494],[-70.913202,41.619266],[-70.904522,41.610361],[-70.899981,41.593504],[-70.901381,41.592504],[-70.910814,41.595506],[-70.916581,41.607483],[-70.920074,41.61081],[-70.927172,41.611253],[-70.929722,41.609479],[-70.93,41.600441],[-70.927393,41.594064],[-70.931338,41.5842],[-70.937978,41.577416],[-70.941588,41.581034],[-70.946911,41.581089],[-70.948797,41.579038],[-70.9473,41.573659],[-70.93783,41.565239],[-70.931545,41.540169],[-70.941785,41.540121],[-70.979225,41.530427],[-70.983354,41.520616],[-71.003275,41.511912],[-71.019354,41.508857],[-71.035514,41.499047],[-71.058418,41.505967],[-71.085663,41.509292],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.1224,41.522156],[-71.131312,41.592308],[-71.131618,41.593918],[-71.137492,41.602561],[-71.138599,41.60347],[-71.140588,41.605102],[-71.14091,41.607405],[-71.141509,41.616076],[-71.140468,41.623893],[-71.135688,41.628402],[-71.134484,41.641198],[-71.134478,41.641262],[-71.13267,41.658744],[-71.132888,41.660102],[-71.134688,41.660502],[-71.135188,41.660502],[-71.14587,41.662795],[-71.153989,41.664102],[-71.17609,41.668102],[-71.17609,41.668502],[-71.17599,41.671402],[-71.18129,41.672502],[-71.191175,41.674292],[-71.191178,41.674216],[-71.194384,41.674803],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.224798,41.710498],[-71.225709,41.711603],[-71.261392,41.752301],[-71.31779,41.776099],[-71.317795,41.776101],[-71.327896,41.780501],[-71.329396,41.7826],[-71.329296,41.7868],[-71.332196,41.7923],[-71.333896,41.7945],[-71.335797,41.7948],[-71.339297,41.7963],[-71.340697,41.7983],[-71.340797,41.8002],[-71.339297,41.8044],[-71.339297,41.8065],[-71.338897,41.8083],[-71.339197,41.809],[-71.347197,41.8231],[-71.344897,41.828],[-71.339597,41.832],[-71.337597,41.8337],[-71.335197,41.8355],[-71.341797,41.8437],[-71.342198,41.8448],[-71.333997,41.8623],[-71.340798,41.8816],[-71.339298,41.893399],[-71.339298,41.893599],[-71.338698,41.898399],[-71.352699,41.896699],[-71.354699,41.896499],[-71.362499,41.895599],[-71.364699,41.895399],[-71.365399,41.895299],[-71.370999,41.894599],[-71.373799,41.894399],[-71.3766,41.893999],[-71.3817,41.893199],[-71.3817,41.922699],[-71.3816,41.922899],[-71.381401,41.964799],[-71.381501,41.966699],[-71.381466,41.984998],[-71.381401,42.018798],[-71.458104,42.017762],[-71.498258,42.01722],[-71.499905,42.017198],[-71.500905,42.017098],[-71.527306,42.015098],[-71.527606,42.014998],[-71.559439,42.014342],[-71.576908,42.014098],[-71.76601,42.009745],[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.80065,42.023569],[-71.89078,42.024368],[-71.987326,42.02688],[-72.063496,42.027347],[-72.102162,42.028899],[-72.135687,42.030245],[-72.135715,42.030245],[-72.249523,42.031626],[-72.317148,42.031907],[-72.45668,42.033999],[-72.509192,42.034217],[-72.528131,42.034295],[-72.573231,42.030141],[-72.582332,42.024695],[-72.590233,42.024695],[-72.606933,42.024995],[-72.607933,42.030795],[-72.643134,42.032395],[-72.695927,42.036788],[-72.714134,42.036608],[-72.755838,42.036195],[-72.757538,42.033295],[-72.753538,42.032095],[-72.751738,42.030195],[-72.754038,42.025395],[-72.757467,42.020947],[-72.758151,42.020865],[-72.760558,42.021846],[-72.762151,42.021527],[-72.76231,42.019775],[-72.761354,42.018183],[-72.759738,42.016995],[-72.761238,42.014595],[-72.763238,42.012795],[-72.763265,42.009742],[-72.766139,42.007695],[-72.766739,42.002995],[-72.774757,42.002129],[-72.816741,41.997595],[-72.813541,42.036494],[-72.847142,42.036894],[-72.863619,42.037709],[-72.863733,42.03771],[-72.999549,42.038653],[-73.008745,42.03886],[-73.053254,42.039861],[-73.127276,42.041964],[-73.229798,42.044877],[-73.231056,42.044945],[-73.293097,42.04694],[-73.29442,42.046984],[-73.432812,42.050587],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.352527,42.510002],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.022903,42.741133]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Massachusetts\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
(Formerly Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center)
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Near Moku‘āweoweo, Mauna Loa’s summit caldera, there are three fans of explosive deposits. The fans, located to the west, northwest, and east, are strongly arcuate in map view. Along ‘Āinapō Trail, 2.8–3.5 km southeast of the caldera, there are several small kīpuka that expose a fourth explosive deposit. Although these explosive deposits have been known for some time, no study bearing on the nature of the explosive activity that formed them has been done. By analyzing cosmogenic exposure age data and the physical properties of the debris fans—lithology, size distributions, and clast dispersal—we conclude that the lithic deposits are the result of five separate phreatic events. The lithic ejecta consist of fragments of ponded lavas, pāhoehoe, gabbroic xenoliths, and “bread-crust” fragments. The exposure ages indicate that the explosive deposit on the west caldera rim was erupted 868 ± 57 yr B.P.; for the northwest fan, the age determination is 829 ± 51 yr B.P.; and on the east rim, ejecta deposits are younger, with ages of 150 ± 20 and 220 ± 20 yr B.P. Lavas underlying these deposits have exposure ages of 960–1020 yr B.P., consistent with the stratigraphy. Near ‘Āinapō Trail, the explosive deposit is much older, overlain by flows dated with a pooled mean age of 1507 ± 19 yr B.P. From the cosmogenic dating, we have three reliable and unambiguous dates. At a much earlier time, a fourth explosive eruption created the ‘Āinapō Trail deposit. We conclude there were at least five explosive episodes around the summit caldera. These deposits, along with recent work done on Kīlauea’s explosive activity, further discredit the notion that Hawaiian volcanoes are strictly effusive in nature. The evidence from the summit of Mauna Loa indicates that it, too, has erupted explosively in recent history.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(15)","usgsCitation":"Trusdell, F., Hungerford, J., Stone, J., Fifield, K., McCann, K., Wershow, H., Zaarur, S., and Dimeo Boyd, M., 2018, Explosive eruptions at the summit of Mauna Loa: Lithology, modeling, and dating, chap. of Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson, v. 538, p. 325-349, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(15).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"349","ipdsId":"IP-089763","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.6297492980957,\n 19.42013505603468\n ],\n [\n -155.55353164672852,\n 19.42013505603468\n ],\n [\n -155.55353164672852,\n 19.502842244396035\n ],\n [\n -155.6297492980957,\n 19.502842244396035\n ],\n [\n -155.6297492980957,\n 19.42013505603468\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hungerford, Jefferson","contributorId":243584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hungerford","given":"Jefferson","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, John","contributorId":199224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fifield, Keith","contributorId":272639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fifield","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37791,"text":"Australia National University, Canberra","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCann, Kaitlin","contributorId":272640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCann","given":"Kaitlin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37174,"text":"Volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wershow, Harold","contributorId":272641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wershow","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56394,"text":"Everett Community College, Everett, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaarur, Shikma","contributorId":272642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaarur","given":"Shikma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56395,"text":"Hebrew University Insitute of Earh Sciences, Jerusalem","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dimeo Boyd, Melissa","contributorId":272643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dimeo Boyd","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56396,"text":"Yeh and Associates, Denver CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70201868,"text":"70201868 - 2018 - Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T13:34:43","indexId":"70201868","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:34:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Water","docAbstract":"Ensuring a reliable supply of clean freshwater to individuals, communities, and ecosystems, together with effective management of floods and droughts, is the foundation of human and ecological health. The water sector is also central to the economy and contributes significantly to the resilience of many other sectors, including agriculture, energy, urban environments, and industry.
Water systems face considerable risk, even without anticipated future climate changes. Limited surface water storage, as well as a limited ability to make use of long-term drought forecasts and to trade water across uses and basins, has led to a significant depletion of aquifers in many regions in the United States. Across the Nation, much of the critical water and wastewater infrastructure is nearing the end of its useful life. To date, no comprehensive assessment exists of the climate-related vulnerability of U.S. water infrastructure (including dams, levees, aqueducts, sewers, and water and wastewater distribution and treatment systems), the potential resulting damages, or the cost of reconstruction and recovery. Paleoclimate information (reconstructions of past climate derived from ice cores or tree rings) shows that over the last 500 years, North America has experienced pronounced wet/dry regime shifts that sometimes persisted for decades. Because such protracted exposures to extreme floods or droughts in different parts of the country are extraordinary compared to events experienced in the 20th century, they are not yet incorporated in water management principles and practice. Anticipated future climate change will exacerbate this risk in many regions.
A central challenge to water planning and management is learning to plan for plausible future climate conditions that are wider in range than those experienced in the 20th century. Doing so requires approaches that evaluate plans over many possible futures instead of just one, incorporate real-time monitoring and forecast products to better manage extremes when they occur, and update policies and engineering principles with the best available geoscience-based understanding of planetary change. While this represents a break from historical practice, recent examples of adaptation responses undertaken by large water management agencies, including major metropolitan water utilities and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, are promising.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH3","usgsCitation":"Lall, U., Johnson, T.M., Colohan, P., AghaKouchak, A., Brown, C., McCabe, G.J., Pulwarty, R., and Arumugam, S., 2018, Water, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH3.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"173","ipdsId":"IP-103820","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755877,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755878,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755879,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755880,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Lall, Upmanu 0000-0003-0529-8128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-8128","contributorId":212142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lall","given":"Upmanu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Thomas M.","contributorId":174200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16984,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colohan, Peter","contributorId":212143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colohan","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"AghaKouchak, Amir","contributorId":140736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"AghaKouchak","given":"Amir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13550,"text":"Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Casey L.","contributorId":177116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Casey L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":200854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger","contributorId":212144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arumugam, Sankar","contributorId":212145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arumugam","given":"Sankar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70201869,"text":"70201869 - 2018 - Coastal effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T13:30:46","indexId":"70201869","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:30:41","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Coastal effects","docAbstract":"The Coasts chapter of the Third National Climate Assessment, published in 2014, focused on coastal lifelines at risk, economic disruption, uneven social vulnerability, and vulnerable ecosystems. This Coastal Effects chapter of the Fourth National Climate Assessment updates those themes, with a focus on integrating the socioeconomic and environmental impacts and consequences of a changing climate. Specifically, the chapter builds on the threat of rising sea levels exacerbating tidal and storm surge flooding, the state of coastal ecosystems, and the treatment of social vulnerability by introducing the implications for social equity.
U.S. coasts are dynamic environments and economically vibrant places to live and work. As of 2013, coastal shoreline counties were home to 133.2 million people, or 42% of the population. The coasts are economic engines that support jobs in defense, fishing, transportation, and tourism industries; contribute substantially to the U.S. gross domestic product; and serve as hubs of commerce, with seaports connecting the country with global trading partners. Coasts are home to diverse ecosystems such as beaches, intertidal zones, reefs, seagrasses, salt marshes, estuaries, and deltas that support a range of important services including fisheries, recreation, and coastal storm protection. U.S. coasts span three oceans, as well as the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and Pacific and Caribbean islands.
The social, economic, and environmental systems along the coasts are being affected by climate change. Threats from sea level rise (SLR) are exacerbated by dynamic processes such as high tide and storm surge flooding (Ch. 19: Southeast, KM 2), erosion (Ch. 26: Alaska, KM 2), waves and their effects, saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers and elevated groundwater tables (Ch. 27: Hawaiʻi & Pacific Islands, KM 1; Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), local rainfall (Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), river runoff (Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), increasing water and surface air temperatures (Ch. 9: Oceans, KM 3), and ocean acidification (see Ch. 2: Climate, KM 3 and Ch. 9: Oceans, KM 1, 2, and 3 for more information on ocean acidification, hypoxia, and ocean warming).
Although storms, floods, and erosion have always been hazards, in combination with rising sea levels they now threaten approximately $1 trillion in national wealth held in coastal real estate and the continued viability of coastal communities that depend on coastal water, land, and other resources for economic health and cultural integrity (Ch. 15: Tribes, KM 1 and 2).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH8","usgsCitation":"Fleming, E., Payne, J., Sweet, W.V., Craghan, M., Haines, J.W., Finzi Hart, J., Stiller, H., and Sutton-Grier, A., 2018, Coastal effects, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH8.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"352","ipdsId":"IP-103835","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755868,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755870,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755871,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755872,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755873,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Elizabeth","contributorId":212146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, Jeffrey","contributorId":212147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payne","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweet, William V. 0000-0002-0149-8336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-8336","contributorId":212148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craghan, Michael","contributorId":212149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craghan","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haines, John W. 0000-0002-6475-8924 jhaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-8924","contributorId":509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"John","email":"jhaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finzi Hart, Juliette 0000-0003-3179-2699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-2699","contributorId":206104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finzi Hart","given":"Juliette","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stiller, Heidi","contributorId":212150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiller","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sutton-Grier, Ariana","contributorId":204025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton-Grier","given":"Ariana","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70201870,"text":"70201870 - 2018 - Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T12:06:17","indexId":"70201870","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T12:06:08","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska is the largest state in the Nation, almost one-fifth the size of the combined lower 48 United States, and is rich in natural capital resources. Alaska is often identified as being on the front lines of climate change since it is warming faster than any other state and faces a myriad of issues associated with a changing climate. The cost of infrastructure damage from a warming climate is projected to be very large, potentially ranging from $110 to $270 million per year, assuming timely repair and maintenance. Although climate change does and will continue to dramatically transform the climate and environment of the Arctic, proactive adaptation in Alaska has the potential to reduce costs associated with these impacts. This includes the dissemination of several tools, such as guidebooks to support adaptation planning, some of which focus on Indigenous communities. While many opportunities exist with a changing climate, economic prospects are not well captured in the literature at this time.
As the climate continues to warm, there is likely to be a nearly sea ice-free Arctic during the summer by mid-century. Ocean acidification is an emerging global problem that will intensify with continued carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and negatively affects organisms. Climate change will likely affect management actions and economic drivers, including fisheries, in complex ways. The use of multiple alternative models to appropriately characterize uncertainty in future fisheries biomass trajectories and harvests could help manage these challenges. As temperature and precipitation increase across the Alaska landscape, physical and biological changes are also occurring throughout Alaska’s terrestrial ecosystems. Degradation of permafrost is expected to continue, with associated impacts to infrastructure, river and stream discharge, water quality, and fish and wildlife habitat.
Longer sea ice-free seasons, higher ground temperatures, and relative sea level rise are expected to exacerbate flooding and accelerate erosion in many regions, leading to the loss of terrestrial habitat in the future and in some cases requiring entire communities or portions of communities to relocate to safer terrain. The influence of climate change on human health in Alaska can be traced to three sources: direct exposures, indirect effects, and social or psychological disruption. Each of these will have different manifestations for Alaskans when compared to residents elsewhere in the United States. Climate change exerts indirect effects on human health in Alaska through changes to water, air, and soil and through ecosystem changes affecting disease ecology and food security, especially in rural communities.
Alaska’s rural communities are predominantly inhabited by Indigenous peoples who may be disproportionately vulnerable to socioeconomic and environmental change; however, they also have rich cultural traditions of resilience and adaptation. The impacts of climate change will likely affect all aspects of Alaska Native societies, from nutrition, infrastructure, economics, and health consequences to language, education, and the communities themselves.
The profound and diverse climate-driven changes in Alaska’s physical environment and ecosystems generate economic impacts through their effects on environmental services. These services include positive benefits directly from ecosystems (for example, food, water, and other resources), as well as services provided directly from the physical environment (for example, temperature moderation, stable ground for supporting infrastructure, and smooth surface for overland transportation). Some of these effects are relatively assured and in some cases are already occurring. Other impacts are highly uncertain, due to their dependence on the structure of global and regional economies and future human alterations to the environment decades into the future, but they could be large.
In Alaska, a range of adaptations to changing climate and related environmental conditions are underway and others have been proposed as potential actions, including measures to reduce vulnerability and risk, as well as more systemic institutional transformation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH26","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., Gray, S., Berman, M., Eerkes-Medrano, L., Hennessy, T., Huntington, H.P., Littell, J., McCammon, M., Thoman, R., and Trainor, S., 2018, Alaska, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH26.","productDescription":"57 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1241","ipdsId":"IP-103840","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755845,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755846,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755847,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755848,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755849,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755850,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755851,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl","contributorId":212151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":38437,"text":"Retired, U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. 0000-0002-0959-3418 sgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3418","contributorId":209851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berman, Matthew","contributorId":200375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berman","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eerkes-Medrano, Laura 0000-0001-8413-9031","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-9031","contributorId":212152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eerkes-Medrano","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16829,"text":"University of Victoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hennessy, Thomas","contributorId":212153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hennessy","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38438,"text":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huntington, Henry P. 0000-0003-2308-8677","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2308-8677","contributorId":212154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntington","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38439,"text":"Huntington Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":205907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCammon, Molly","contributorId":212155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCammon","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38440,"text":"Alaska Ocean Observing System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thoman, Richard","contributorId":187613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoman","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Trainor, Sarah 0000-0002-9911-9006","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-9006","contributorId":212156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trainor","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70201871,"text":"70201871 - 2018 - Land cover and land use change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T12:02:23","indexId":"70201871","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T12:02:18","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Land cover and land use change","docAbstract":"Climate can affect and be affected by changes in land cover (the physical features that cover the land such as trees or pavement) and land use (human management and activities on land, such as mining or recreation). A forest, for instance, would likely include tree cover but could also include areas of recent tree removals currently covered by open grass areas. Land cover and use are inherently coupled: changes in land-use practices can change land cover, and land cover enables specific land uses. Understanding how land cover, use, condition, and management vary in space and time is challenging.
Changes in land cover can occur in response to both human and climate drivers. For example, demand for new settlements often results in the permanent loss of natural and working lands, which can result in localized changes in weather patterns, temperature, and precipitation. Aggregated over large areas, these changes have the potential to influence Earth’s climate by altering regional and global circulation patterns, changing the albedo (reflectivity) of Earth’s surface, and changing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Conversely, climate change can also influence land cover, resulting in a loss of forest cover from climate-related increases in disturbances, the expansion of woody vegetation into grasslands, and the loss of beaches due to coastal erosion amplified by rises in sea level.
Land use is also changed by both human and climate drivers. Land-use decisions are traditionally based on short-term economic factors. Land-use changes are increasingly being influenced by distant forces due to the globalization of many markets. Land use can also change due to local, state, and national policies, such as programs designed to remove cultivation from highly erodible land to mitigate degradation, legislation to address sea level rise in local comprehensive plans, or policies that reduce the rate of timber harvest on federal lands. Technological innovation has also influenced land-use change, with the expansion of cultivated lands from the development of irrigation technologies and, more recently, decreases in demand for agricultural land due to increases in crop productivity. The recent expansion of oil and gas extraction activities throughout large areas of the United States demonstrates how policy, economics, and technology can collectively influence and change land use and land cover.
Decisions about land use, cover, and management can help determine society’s ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH5","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Loveland, T., Domke, G., Herold, N., Wickham, J., and Wood, N.J., 2018, Land cover and land use change, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH5.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-103826","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755838,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755839,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755840,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755841,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755842,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755843,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755844,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":202518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":755646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domke, Grant 0000-0003-0485-0355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-0355","contributorId":212157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domke","given":"Grant","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herold, Nate","contributorId":127749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herold","given":"Nate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7054,"text":"NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wickham, James","contributorId":140259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201872,"text":"70201872 - 2018 - Northeast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T11:58:14","indexId":"70201872","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T11:58:09","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Northeast","docAbstract":"The distinct seasonality of the Northeast’s climate supports a diverse natural landscape adapted to the extremes of cold, snowy winters and warm to hot, humid summers. This natural landscape provides the economic and cultural foundation for many rural communities, which are largely supported by a diverse range of agricultural, tourism, and natural resource-dependent industries (see Ch. 10: Ag & Rural, Key Message 4). The recent dominant trend in precipitation throughout the Northeast has been towards increases in rainfall intensity, with increases in intensity exceeding those in other regions of the contiguous United States. Further increases in rainfall intensity are expected, with increases in total precipitation expected during the winter and spring but with little change in the summer. Monthly precipitation in the Northeast is projected to be about 1 inch greater for December through April by end of century (2070–2100) under the higher scenario (RCP8.5).
Ocean and coastal ecosystems are being affected by large changes in a variety of climate-related environmental conditions. These ecosystems support fishing and aquaculture, tourism and recreation, and coastal communities. Observed and projected increases in temperature, acidification, storm frequency and intensity, and sea levels are of particular concern for coastal and ocean ecosystems, as well as local communities and their interconnected social and economic systems. Increasing temperatures and changing seasonality on the Northeast Continental Shelf have affected marine organisms and the ecosystem in various ways. The warming trend experienced in the Northeast Continental Shelf has been associated with many fish and invertebrate species moving northward and to greater depths. Because of the diversity of the Northeast’s coastal landscape, the impacts from storms and sea level rise will vary at different locations along the coast.
Northeastern cities, with their abundance of concrete and asphalt and relative lack of vegetation, tend to have higher temperatures than surrounding regions due to the urban heat island effect. During extreme heat events, nighttime temperatures in the region’s big cities are generally several degrees higher than surrounding regions, leading to higher risk of heat-related death. Urban areas are at risk for large numbers of evacuated and displaced populations and damaged infrastructure due to both extreme precipitation events and recurrent flooding, potentially requiring significant emergency response efforts and consideration of a long-term commitment to rebuilding and adaptation, and/or support for relocation where needed. Much of the infrastructure in the Northeast, including drainage and sewer systems, flood and storm protection assets, transportation systems, and power supply, is nearing the end of its planned life expectancy. Climate-related disruptions will only exacerbate existing issues with aging infrastructure. Sea level rise has amplified storm impacts in the Northeast (Key Message 2), contributing to higher surges that extend farther inland, as demonstrated in New York City in the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy in 2012. Service and resource supply infrastructure in the Northeast is at increasing risk of disruption, resulting in lower quality of life, economic declines, and increased social inequality. Loss of public services affects the capacity of communities to function as administrative and economic centers and triggers disruptions of interconnected supply chains (Ch. 16: International, Key Message 1).
Increases in annual average temperatures across the Northeast range from less than 1°F (0.6°C) in West Virginia to about 3°F (1.7°C) or more in New England since 1901. Although the relative risk of death on very hot days is lower today than it was a few decades ago, heat-related illness and death remain significant public health problems in the Northeast. For example, a study in New York City estimated that in 2013 there were 133 excess deaths due to extreme heat. These projected increases in temperature are expected to lead to substantially more premature deaths, hospital admissions, and emergency department visits across the Northeast. For example, in the Northeast we can expect approximately 650 additional premature deaths per year from extreme heat by the year 2050 under either a lower (RCP4.5) or higher (RCP8.5) scenario and from 960 (under RCP4.5) to 2,300 (under RCP8.5) more premature deaths per year by 2090.
Communities, towns, cities, counties, states, and tribes across the Northeast are engaged in efforts to build resilience to environmental challenges and adapt to a changing climate. Developing and implementing climate adaptation strategies in daily practice often occur in collaboration with state and federal agencies (e.g., New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance 2017, New York Climate Clearinghouse 2017, Rhode Island STORMTOOLS 2017, EPA 2017, CDC 2015). Advances in rural towns, cities, and suburban areas include low-cost adjustments of existing building codes and standards. In coastal areas, partnerships among local communities and federal and state agencies leverage federal adaptation tools and decision support frameworks (for example, NOAA’s Digital Coast, USGS’s Coastal Change Hazards Portal, and New Jersey’s Getting to Resilience). Increasingly, cities and towns across the Northeast are developing or implementing plans for adaptation and resilience in the face of changing climate (e.g., EPA 2017). The approaches are designed to maintain and enhance the everyday lives of residents and promote economic development. In some cities, adaptation planning has been used to respond to present and future challenges in the built environment. Regional efforts have recommended changes in design standards when building, replacing, or retrofitting infrastructure to account for a changing climate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH18","usgsCitation":"Dupigny-Giroux, L.L., Mecray, E.L., Lemcke-Stampone, M.D., Hodgkins, G.A., Lentz, E.E., Mills, K.E., Lane, E.D., Miller, R., Hollinger, D.Y., Solecki, W.D., Wellenius, G.A., Sheffield, P.E., McDonald, A.B., and Caldwell, C., 2018, Northeast, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH18.","productDescription":"74 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"742","ipdsId":"IP-103836","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7930/nca4.2018.ch18","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755831,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755832,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755833,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755834,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755835,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755836,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755837,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Dupigny-Giroux, Lesley-Ann L. 0000-0002-1992-5607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-5607","contributorId":212158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dupigny-Giroux","given":"Lesley-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mecray, Ellen L.","contributorId":212159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mecray","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemcke-Stampone, Mary D. 0000-0001-5445-0267","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-0267","contributorId":212160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemcke-Stampone","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lentz, Erika E. 0000-0002-0621-8954 elentz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-8954","contributorId":173964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentz","given":"Erika","email":"elentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mills, Katherine E.","contributorId":212161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38441,"text":"Gulf of Maine Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lane, Erin D.","contributorId":212162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36658,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Miller, Rawlings","contributorId":212163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Rawlings","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38442,"text":"WPS (formerly U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hollinger, David Y. 0000-0002-4284-1575","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-1575","contributorId":212164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollinger","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":36658,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Solecki, William D.","contributorId":212165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solecki","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38443,"text":"City University of New York-Hunter College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wellenius, Gregory A. 0000-0003-0427-7376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-7376","contributorId":212166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wellenius","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sheffield, Perry E. 0000-0001-9156-1193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9156-1193","contributorId":212167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheffield","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38444,"text":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McDonald, Anthony B.","contributorId":212168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":38445,"text":"Monmouth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Caldwell, Christopher","contributorId":212169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38446,"text":"College of Menominee Nations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70201873,"text":"70201873 - 2018 - Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T11:53:35","indexId":"70201873","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T11:53:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands","docAbstract":"The U.S. Pacific Islands are culturally and environmentally diverse, treasured by the 1.9 million people who call them home. Pacific islands are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to their exposure and isolation, small size, low elevation (in the case of atolls), and concentration of infrastructure and economy along the coasts.
A prevalent cause of year-to-year changes in climate patterns around the globe and in the Pacific Islands region is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The El Niño and La Niña phases of ENSO can dramatically affect precipitation, air and ocean temperature, sea surface height, storminess, wave size, and trade winds. It is unknown exactly how the timing and intensity of ENSO will continue to change in the coming decades, but recent climate model results suggest a doubling in frequency of both El Niño and La Niña extremes in this century as compared to the 20th century under scenarios with more warming, including the higher scenario (RCP8.5).
On islands, all natural sources of freshwater come from rainfall received within their limited land areas. Severe droughts are common, making water shortage one of the most important climate-related risks in the region. As temperature continues to rise and cloud cover decreases in some areas, evaporation is expected to increase, causing both reduced water supply and higher water demand. Streamflow in Hawai‘i has declined over approximately the past 100 years, consistent with observed decreases in rainfall.
The impacts of sea level rise in the Pacific include coastal erosion, episodic flooding, permanent inundation, heightened exposure to marine hazards, and saltwater intrusion to surface water and groundwater systems. Sea level rise will disproportionately affect the tropical Pacific and potentially exceed the global average.
Invasive species, landscape change, habitat alteration, and reduced resilience have resulted in extinctions and diminished ecosystem function. Inundation of atolls in the coming decades is projected to impact existing on-island ecosystems. Wildlife that relies on coastal habitats will likely also be severely impacted. In Hawaiʻi, coral reefs contribute an estimated $477 million to the local economy every year. Under projected warming of approximately 0.5°F per decade, all nearshore coral reefs in the Hawai‘i and Pacific Islands region will experience annual bleaching before 2050. An ecosystem-based approach to international management of open ocean fisheries in the Pacific that incorporates climate-informed catch limits is expected to produce more realistic future harvest levels and enhance ecosystem resilience.
Indigenous communities of the Pacific derive their sense of identity from the islands. Emerging issues for Indigenous communities of the Pacific include the resilience of marine-managed areas and climate-induced human migration from their traditional lands. The rich body of traditional knowledge is place-based and localized and is useful in adaptation planning because it builds on intergenerational sharing of observations. Documenting the kinds of governance structures or decision-making hierarchies created for management of these lands and waters is also important as a learning tool that can be shared with other island communities.
Across the region, groups are coming together to minimize damage and disruption from coastal flooding and inundation as well as other climate-related impacts. Social cohesion is already strong in many communities, making it possible to work together to take action. Early intervention can lower economic, environmental, social, and cultural costs and reduce or prevent conflict and displacement from ancestral land and resources.
Biodiversity—the variety of life on Earth—provides vital services that support and improve human health and well-being. Ecosystems, which are composed of living things that interact with the physical environment, provide numerous essential benefits to people. These benefits, termed ecosystem services, encompass four primary functions: provisioning materials, such as food and fiber; regulating critical parts of the environment, such as water quality and erosion control; providing cultural services, such as recreational opportunities and aesthetic value; and providing supporting services, such as nutrient cycling. Climate change poses many threats and potential disruptions to ecosystems and biodiversity, as well as to the ecosystem services on which people depend.
Building on the findings of the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA3), this chapter provides additional evidence that climate change is significantly impacting ecosystems and biodiversity in the United States. Mounting evidence also demonstrates that climate change is increasingly compromising the ecosystem services that sustain human communities, economies, and well-being. Both human and natural systems respond to change, but their ability to respond and thrive under new conditions is determined by their adaptive capacity, which may be inadequate to keep pace with rapid change. Our understanding of climate change impacts and the responses of biodiversity and ecosystems has improved since NCA3. The expected consequences of climate change will vary by region, species, and ecosystem type. Management responses are evolving as new tools and approaches are developed and implemented; however, they may not be able to overcome the negative impacts of climate change. Although efforts have been made since NCA3 to incorporate climate adaptation strategies into natural resource management, significant work remains to comprehensively implement climate-informed planning. This chapter presents additional evidence for climate change impacts to biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services, reflecting increased confidence in the findings reported in NCA3. The chapter also illustrates the complex and interrelated nature of climate change impacts to biodiversity, ecosystems, and the services they provide.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH7","usgsCitation":"Lipton, D., Rubenstein, M.A., Weiskopf, S.R., Carter, S.L., Peterson, J., Crozier, L., Fogarty, M., Gaichas, S., Hyde, K., Morelli, T.L., Morisette, J., Moustahfid, H., Munoz, R., Poudel, R., Staudinger, M., Stock, C., Thompson, L., Waples, R.S., and Weltzin, J., 2018, Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH7.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"321","ipdsId":"IP-103827","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755817,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755818,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755819,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755822,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Lipton, Douglas 0000-0002-4092-4123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-4123","contributorId":212181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipton","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubenstein, Madeleine A. 0000-0001-8569-781X mrubenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-781X","contributorId":203206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubenstein","given":"Madeleine","email":"mrubenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiskopf, Sarah R. 0000-0002-5933-8191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-8191","contributorId":207699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskopf","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Shawn L. 0000-0002-0045-4681 scarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-4681","contributorId":3110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Shawn","email":"scarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Jay","contributorId":212182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crozier, Lisa","contributorId":212183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crozier","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fogarty, Michael","contributorId":212184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gaichas, Sarah","contributorId":212185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaichas","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hyde, Kimberly J. W.","contributorId":212186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyde","given":"Kimberly J. W.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey 0000-0002-0483-0082","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":212187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":38451,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Invasive Species Council Secretariat","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Moustahfid, Hassan","contributorId":146662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moustahfid","given":"Hassan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Munoz, Roldan","contributorId":212188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz","given":"Roldan","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Poudel, Rajendra","contributorId":190430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poudel","given":"Rajendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle D. 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":207908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle D.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":484,"text":"Northwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Stock, Charles 0000-0001-9549-8013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-8013","contributorId":212189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Thompson, Laura 0000-0002-7884-6001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":212190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Waples, Robin S.","contributorId":126721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waples","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":196323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ]}