Mississippi River reintroductions (freshwater diversions) into wetlands previously disconnected from the river have been implemented in southeastern Louisiana as a means to rehabilitate degraded and submerging wetlands. To date, all active Mississippi River reintroductions have targeted marsh habitat. However, a 57 cubic meter per second (2,000 cubic foot per second) river reintroduction is being designed and implemented by the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana to rehabilitate a degraded and submerging swamp forest of approximately 16,583 hectares (40,977 acres) in the Maurepas Swamp; 30 percent of the project area is closed forest canopy, 58 percent is transitional forest, and 12 percent is open canopy wetland (severely degraded forest and open marsh). The goal of this project is to reduce or minimize loss of swamp forest habitat in the project area through reintroduction of Mississippi River water. River reconnection has often been stated as the most critical step necessary to rehabilitate and preserve the integrity of the natural and cultural resources of the Maurepas Swamp ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) of Louisiana","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Shaffer, G.P., Keim, R.F., Chambers, J.L., Wood, W.B., and Hartley, S.B., 2018, Expectations of Maurepas Swamp response to a river reintroduction, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3072, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183072.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096758","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358870,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20175036","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5036","linkHelpText":"- Performance Measures for a Mississippi River Reintroduction into the Forested Wetlands of Maurepas 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Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506
Most of Hawaii's endemic avifauna are species of conservation concern. Some of Hawaii's endangered waterbirds, however, have increased in number as a result of intensive management of wetlands. To inform these conservation efforts, we examined interisland genetic structure and gene flow within 2 Hawaiian endemic waterbirds, the Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai) and the Hawaiian subspecies of the Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis), using microsatellite and mitochondrial loci. Hawaiian Coots and Hawaiian Gallinules occupy coastal wetlands and exhibit similar life history characteristics and generation times, although they may differ in dispersal propensity. Mark–resight data for Hawaiian Coot indicate interisland movements, whereas Hawaiian Gallinules are sedentary. Genetic diversity is partitioned across the landscape differently for Hawaiian Coots and Hawaiian Gallinules; patterns of variation are likely influenced by behavioral and ecological mechanisms. Hawaiian Coots exhibit low levels of structure at microsatellite loci (FST = 0.029) and high levels of gene flow among islands. Conversely, Hawaiian Gallinules are highly structured across marker types (microsatellite FST = 0.205, mtDNA control region FST = 0.370, mtDNA ND2 FST = 0.087), with restricted recent gene flow. Patterns of gene flow have changed after the population declines in the early to mid-1900s. Gene flow estimates indicate historical dispersal from Kauai to Oahu in both species, while recent estimates show individual Hawaiian Coots dispersing from Oahu and restricted gene flow between islands for the Hawaiian Gallinule. Changes in gene flow through time suggest that patterns of dispersal may be an artifact of the availability of habitat, which may be indirectly associated with the synergistic influences of population density and wetland quality. Despite recent population size increases for both species, continued threats to Hawaiian waterbirds (i.e. nonnative mammalian predators and invasive plants, avian disease, altered hydrology, and saltwater inundation of freshwater wetlands) will likely require continued active management to maintain viable populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-18-98.1","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Wilson, R.E., and Underwood, J.G., 2018, Interisland genetic structure of two endangered Hawaiian waterbirds: The Hawaiian Coot and Hawaiian Gallinule: The Condor, v. 120, no. 4, p. 863-873, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-18-98.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"873","ipdsId":"IP-099058","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-18-98.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7SXC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai) and Hawaiian Gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis) Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Data, 2014-2016, Oahu, Kauai, and Molokai, Hawaii"},{"id":358969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 22.370396344320053\n ],\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 22.370396344320053\n ],\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 18.760712758499565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a902e4b034bf6a7e4ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, Jared G.","contributorId":198606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202164,"text":"70202164 - 2018 - Probabilistic substrate classification with multispectral acoustic backscatter: A comparison of discriminative and generative models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T11:09:23","indexId":"70202164","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-30T11:09:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1816,"text":"Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic substrate classification with multispectral acoustic backscatter: A comparison of discriminative and generative models","docAbstract":"We propose a probabilistic graphical model for discriminative substrate characterization, to support geological and biological habitat mapping in aquatic environments. The model, called a fully-connected conditional random field (CRF), is demonstrated using multispectral and monospectral acoustic backscatter from heterogeneous seafloors in Patricia Bay, British Columbia, and Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia. Unlike previously proposed discriminative algorithms, the CRF model considers both the relative backscatter magnitudes of different substrates and their relative proximities. The model therefore combines the statistical flexibility of a machine learning algorithm with an inherently spatial treatment of the substrate. The CRF model predicts substrates such that nearby locations with similar backscattering characteristics are likely to be in the same substrate class. The degree of allowable proximity and backscatter similarity are controlled by parameters that are learned from the data. CRF model results were evaluated against a popular generative model known as a Gaussian Mixture model (GMM) that doesn’t include spatial dependencies, only covariance between substrate backscattering response over different frequencies. Both models are used in conjunction with sparse bed observations/samples in a supervised classification. A detailed accuracy assessment, including a leave-one-out cross-validation analysis, was performed using both models. Using multispectral backscatter, the GMM model trained on 50% of the bed observations resulted in a 75% and 89% average accuracies in Patricia Bay and Bedford Basin, respectively. The same metrics for the CRF model were 78% and 95%. Further, the CRF model resulted in a 91% mean cross-validation accuracy across four substrate classes at Patricia Bay, and a 99.5% mean accuracy across three substrate classes at Bedford Basin, which suggest that the CRF model generalizes extremely well to new data. This analysis also showed that the CRF model was much less sensitive to the specific number and locations of bed observations than the generative model, owing to its ability to incorporate spatial autocorrelation in substrates. The CRF therefore may prove to be a powerful ‘spatially aware’ alternative to other discriminative classifiers.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/geosciences8110395","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., and Grams, P.E., 2018, Probabilistic substrate classification with multispectral acoustic backscatter: A comparison of discriminative and generative models: Geosciences, v. 8, no. 11, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110395.","productDescription":"Article 395; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-095788","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110395","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220345,"text":"70220345 - 2018 - Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic exhumation of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, revealed from apatite and zircon fission track data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T12:17:07.340898","indexId":"70220345","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-30T07:08:39","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic exhumation of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, revealed from apatite and zircon fission track data","docAbstract":"We report data for 112 apatite and 31 zircon fission track (AFT and ZFT) outcrop sandstone samples along a transect that spans the western Brooks Range. Sampling targeted structures that modify the Middle Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous early Brookian orogen. The AFT samples record latest Cretaceous to Eocene in situ exhumational cooling and resolve two kinematic phases. The first phase was focused at 65–60 Ma. To the north, cooling age patterns at this time are attributable to wide‐spaced fault‐related folding. Farther south, within the allochthon belt, exhumation was related to uplift of a broad region, likely in the hanging wall of deep‐seated faults that extend into basement rocks. The second kinematic phase occurred around ~45 Ma. It was characterized by north and east directed thrusting to the north, and coeval extension in the allochthon belt to the south. The ZFT cooling ages are all Early Cretaceous or older and put an upper limit on the magnitude of Cenozoic exhumation across the western Brooks Range. Synthesis of exhumation patterns and structural styles show that Paleocene rejuvenation of contraction was roughly contemporaneous along the entire ~1,000‐km orogen. Later, around ~45 Ma in the Eocene, contraction in the frontal parts of the orogen was contemporaneous with extension interior to the orogen. Following previous authors, we suggest that the Paleocene rejuvenation was a far‐field response to subduction of a mid‐ocean ridge in southern Alaska. However, by the Eocene, strain patterns in the western Brooks Range changed, possibly to accommodate rotations of fault blocks in southwestern Alaska.
Mechanical oscillations or vibrations on spacecraft, also called pointing jitter, cause geometric distortions and/or smear in high-resolution digital images acquired from orbit. Geometric distortion is especially a problem with pushbroom sensors, such as the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) instrument on-board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Geometric distortions occur at a range of frequencies that may not be obvious in the image products, but can cause problems with stereo image correlation in the production of digital elevation models, and in measuring surface changes in time series with orthorectified images. The HiRISE focal plane comprises a staggered array of fourteen charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with pixel instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 1 microradian. The high spatial resolution of HiRISE makes it both sensitive to, and an excellent recorder of jitter. We present an algorithm using Fourier analysis to resolve the jitter function for a HiRISE image that is then used to update instrument pointing information to remove geometric distortions from the image. Implementation of the jitter analysis and image correction is performed on selected HiRISE images made available to the public. Results show marked reduction of geometric distortions. This work has applications to similar cameras operating now (such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera Narrow Angle Camera (LROC NAC) on-board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) and to the design of future instruments (such as the Europa Imaging System, planned for the Europa Clipper mission).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary remote sensing and mapping","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/9780429505997-8","usgsCitation":"Sutton, S., Boyd, A., Kirk, R.L., Cook, D., Backer, J., Fennema, A., Heyd, R., McEwen, A., and Mirchandani, S., 2018, Correcting spacecraft jitter in HiRISE images, chap. 8 of Planetary remote sensing and mapping, p. 91-106, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429505997-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-095557","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429505997-8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, S.S.","contributorId":239566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, A.K.","contributorId":202342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, Debbie 0000-0001-9973-9929","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-9929","contributorId":202343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Backer, Jean 0000-0002-6010-3867","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6010-3867","contributorId":202344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backer","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fennema, A.","contributorId":202345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fennema","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heyd, R.","contributorId":202346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heyd","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McEwen, A.S.","contributorId":202347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mirchandani, S.D.","contributorId":202348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mirchandani","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70200668,"text":"70200668 - 2018 - Microclimatic gradients provide evidence for a glacial refugium for temperate trees in a sheltered hilly landscape of Northern Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:41:46","indexId":"70200668","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-29T10:41:42","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microclimatic gradients provide evidence for a glacial refugium for temperate trees in a sheltered hilly landscape of Northern Italy","docAbstract":"Aim
Refugia play a key role in conserving biodiversity during periods of unfavourable and highly variable regional climate. However, refugial populations are often small and fragmented, which makes their identification difficult. In this study, we investigate whether an area of complex topography in the southern foreland of the Alps could have provided a suitable microclimate to serve as a glacial refugium for temperate trees during the last glacial.
Location
The Euganean Hills in Northern Italy (Veneto).
Methods
We assessed the current microclimatic variability in the ecologically diverse region on a fine scale by recording half‐hourly near‐surface temperatures over a period of 11 months. After comparing our measurements with today's vegetation distribution, broad‐scale synoptic patterns, and topoclimatic factors, we estimated refugial suitability based on extreme temperatures, climatic stability, and difference from the regional average.
Results
Present‐day temperature gradients within the Euganean Hills are large enough to explain the presence of the temperate tree species Fagus sylvatica as well as Mediterranean Quercus ilex, two species that are absent elsewhere in the adjacent Po Plain. During winter, anticyclonic weather patterns resulted in strong atmospheric inversions, with temperatures increasing by +1°C/100 m in the hills relative to the surrounding Po Plain.
Main conclusions
Our high‐resolution climate data support multi‐proxy palaeoecological records identifying the Euganean Hills as a refugium for temperate trees. Temperature anomalies of 2–4°C relative to the surrounding Po Plain are sufficient to allow several temperate tree species to survive the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Euganean Hills under a harsh continental climate. Specifically, elevations >200 m a.s.l. in the central parts of the hills may have provided suitable conditions for local LGM refugia. Regions of complex topography such as the Euganean Hills conserved past and present biodiversity and provide high‐priority areas for conservation under future climate warming.
Extreme flood events can substantially affect riverine systems, modifying instream habitat and influencing fish assemblages and densities. Rare species are especially vulnerable to these disturbance events because of their small population size and often reduced phenotypic heterogeneity. In June 2016 the lower Elk River in West Virginia experienced severe flooding, resulting in a peak discharge that exceeded the 0.005 annual exceedance probability (>200 y flood) in the main stem. We obtained pre-flood and postflood population count data and estimated abundances for one cohort of the federally endangered Diamond Darter (Crystallaria cincotta) at 15 sites. While both the total count data and total estimated abundance decreased following the flood, our analyses did not indicate the extreme flood event strongly impacted Diamond Darter abundance. This indicates individuals are able to withstand high velocities and resist displacement or mortality. In addition site-level abundances were estimated at three sentinel sites during 2015 and 2016 using a multinomial N-mixture model that accounted for variation in detectability resulting from water temperature. Mean estimated abundance varied among the three sites and between the 2 y. Our results suggest there is substantial variation in year-class strength between the two cohorts we sampled. It is suggested that survey efforts at established sentinel sites be continued on an annual basis in order to help determine factors influencing year-class strength.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States Department of Agriculture","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-180.1.108","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., 2018, Effects of an extreme flood event on federally endangered Diamond Darter abundances: The American Midland Naturalist, v. 180, p. 108-118, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-180.1.108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-088254","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":774050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70249766,"text":"70249766 - 2018 - Factors affecting gray wolf (Canis lupus) encounter rate with elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:43:48.072488","indexId":"70249766","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-27T06:41:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting gray wolf (Canis lupus) encounter rate with elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Despite encounter rates being a key component of kill rate, few studies of large carnivore predation have quantified encounter rates with prey, the factors that influence them, and the relationship between encounter rate and kill rate. The study’s primary motivation was to determine the relationship between prey density and encounter rate in understanding the mechanism behind the functional response. Elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) population decline and variable weather in northern Yellowstone National Park provided an opportunity to examine how these factors influenced wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) encounter rates with elk. We explored how factors associated with wolf kill rate and encounter rate in other systems (season, elk density, elk group density, average elk group size, snow depth, wolf pack size, and territory size) influenced wolf–elk encounter rate in Yellowstone National Park. Elk density was the only factor significantly correlated with wolf–elk encounter rate, and we found a nonlinear density-dependent relationship that may be a mechanism for a functional response in this system. Encounter rate was correlated with number of elk killed during early winter but not late winter. Weak effects of snow depth and elk group size on encounter rate suggest that these factors influence kill rate via hunting success because kill rate is the product of hunting success and encounter rate.
River networks modify material transfer from land to ocean. Understanding the factors regulating this function for different gaseous, dissolved, and particulate constituents is critical to quantify the local and global effects of climate and land use change. We propose the River Network Saturation (RNS) concept as a generalization of how river network regulation of material fluxes declines with increasing flows due to imbalances between supply and demand at network scales. River networks have a tendency to become saturated (supply ≫ demand) under higher flow conditions because supplies increase faster than sink processes. However, the flow thresholds under which saturation occurs depends on a variety of factors, including the inherent process rate for a given constituent and the abundance of lentic waters such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and fluvial wetlands within the river network. As supply increases, saturation at network scales is initially limited by previously unmet demand in downstream aquatic ecosystems. The RNS concept describes a general tendency of river network function that can be used to compare the fate of different constituents among river networks. New approaches using nested in situ high-frequency sensors and spatially extensive synoptic techniques offer the potential to test the RNS concept in different settings. Better understanding of when and where river networks saturate for different constituents will allow for the extrapolation of aquatic function to broader spatial scales and therefore provide information on the influence of river function on continental element cycles and help identify policy priorities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-018-0488-0","usgsCitation":"Wollheim, W., Bernal, S., Burns, D., Czuba, J., Driscoll, C., Hansen, A., Hensley, R., Hosen, J., Inamdar, S., Kaushall, S., Koenig, L., Lu, Y.H., Marzadri, A., Raymond, P.A., Scott, D., Stewart, R., Vidon, P., and Wohl, E., 2018, River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks: Biogeochemistry, v. 141, no. 3, p. 503-521, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0488-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"521","ipdsId":"IP-092249","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99225","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c08f1c6e4b0815414d0bbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wollheim, W.M.","contributorId":210143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38082,"text":"Univ. of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernal, S.","contributorId":210144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernal","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38083,"text":"Center for Advanced studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czuba, J.A.","contributorId":210145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czuba","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, C.T.","contributorId":210146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, A.T.","contributorId":210147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27811,"text":"Univ. of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hensley, R.T.","contributorId":210148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hensley","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38084,"text":"Univ. of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hosen, J.D. 0000-0003-2559-0687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-0687","contributorId":210149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosen","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[{"id":38085,"text":"Yale Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Inamdar, Shreeram","contributorId":177337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inamdar","given":"Shreeram","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kaushall, S.S.","contributorId":210150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaushall","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38074,"text":"Univ. of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Koenig, L. E.","contributorId":210151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[{"id":38082,"text":"Univ. of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lu, Y. H.","contributorId":210159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Marzadri, A.","contributorId":210152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzadri","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13466,"text":"Univ. of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Raymond, P. A.","contributorId":210153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38085,"text":"Yale Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Scott, D.","contributorId":210154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Stewart, R.J.","contributorId":210155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38082,"text":"Univ. of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Vidon, P.G.","contributorId":210156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidon","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38086,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wohl, E. 0000-0001-7435-5013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5013","contributorId":210157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wohl","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13407,"text":"Colorado State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70200657,"text":"70200657 - 2018 - Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T14:09:21","indexId":"70200657","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T16:35:43","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","docAbstract":"In the Anthropocene, watershed chemical transport is increasingly dominated by novel combinations of elements, which are hydrologically linked together as ‘chemical cocktails.’ Chemical cocktails are novel because human activities greatly enhance elemental concentrations and their probability for biogeochemical interactions and shared transport along hydrologic flowpaths. A new chemical cocktail approach advances our ability to: trace contaminant mixtures in watersheds, develop chemical proxies with high-resolution sensor data, and manage multiple water quality problems. We explore the following questions: (1) Can we classify elemental transport in watersheds as chemical cocktails using a new approach? (2) What is the role of climate and land use in enhancing the formation and transport of chemical cocktails in watersheds? To address these questions, we first analyze trends in concentrations of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts in fresh waters over 100 years. Next, we explore how climate and land use enhance the probability of formation of chemical cocktails of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts. Ultimately, we classify transport of chemical cocktails based on solubility, mobility, reactivity, and dominant phases: (1) sieved chemical cocktails (e.g., particulate forms of nutrients, metals and organic matter); (2) filtered chemical cocktails (e.g., dissolved organic matter and associated metal complexes); (3) chromatographic chemical cocktails (e.g., ions eluted from soil exchange sites); and (4) reactive chemical cocktails (e.g., limiting nutrients and redox sensitive elements). Typically, contaminants are regulated and managed one element at a time, even though combinations of elements interact to influence many water quality problems such as toxicity to life, eutrophication, infrastructure corrosion, and water treatment. A chemical cocktail approach significantly expands evaluations of water quality signatures and impacts beyond single elements to mixtures. High-frequency sensor data (pH, specific conductance, turbidity, etc.) can serve as proxies for chemical cocktails and improve real-time analyses of water quality violations, identify regulatory needs, and track water quality recovery following storms and extreme climate events. Ultimately, a watershed chemical cocktail approach is necessary for effectively co-managing groups of contaminants and provides a more holistic approach for studying, monitoring, and managing water quality in the Anthropocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6","usgsCitation":"Kaushal, S., Gold, A.J., Bernal, S., Newcomer Johnson, T., Addy, K., Burgin, A., Burns, D., Coble, A.A., Hood, E.W., Lu, Y., Mayer, P., Minor, E.C., Schroth, A.W., Vidon, P., Wilson, H.F., Xenopolous, M.A., Doody, T., Galella, J.G., Goodling, P., Haviland, K., Haq, S., Wessel, B., Wood, K.L., Jaworski, N., and Belt, K., 2018, Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters: Biogeochemistry, v. 141, no. 3, p. 281-305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"305","ipdsId":"IP-093496","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/407","text":"External 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We inferred multidecadal trends in water balance in 11 river basins (1940–2012) and eight smaller watersheds (with records ranging from 18 to 61 years in length) in the Northeastern United States. Trends in river basin actual ET (AET) varied across the region, with an apparent latitudinal pattern: AET increased in the cooler northern part of the region (Maine) but decreased in some warmer regions to the southwest (Pennsylvania–Ohio). Of the four small watersheds with records longer than 45 years, two fit this geographic pattern in AET trends. The differential effects of the warming climate on AET across the region may indicate different mechanisms of change in more‐ vs. less‐energy‐limited watersheds, even though annual precipitation greatly exceeds potential ET across the entire region. Correlations between AET and time series of temperature and precipitation also indicate differences in limiting factors for AET across the Northeastern U.S. climate gradient. At many sites across the climate gradient, water‐year AET correlated with summer precipitation, implying that water limitation is at least transiently important in some years, whereas correlations with temperature indices were more prominent in northern than southern sites within the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13278","usgsCitation":"Vadeboncoeur, M.A., Green, M.B., Asbjornsen, H., Campbell, J.L., Adams, M.B., Boyer, E.W., Burns, D., Fernandez, I.J., Mitchell, M., and Shanley, J.B., 2018, Systematic variation in evapotranspiration trends and drivers across the Northeastern United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 32, no. 23, p. 3547-3560, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13278.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3547","endPage":"3560","ipdsId":"IP-090778","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bed4272e4b0b3fc5cf91c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A","contributorId":210121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vadeboncoeur","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":38070,"text":"Research Scientist, Earth Systems Research Center, University of NH, Durham NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":210122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":38071,"text":"Associate Professor, Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University, Plymouth NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asbjornsen, Heidi","contributorId":210123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asbjornsen","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38072,"text":"Associate Professor, Earth Systems Research Center, University of NH, Durham NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, John L.","contributorId":178410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Mary Beth","contributorId":150354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - 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2018 - Comment on “The earliest modern humans outside Africa”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T10:46:15","indexId":"70201193","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T10:46:09","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “The earliest modern humans outside Africa”","docAbstract":"Hershkovitz et al. (Reports, 26 January 2018, p. 456) interpreted the Misliya-1 fossil maxilla as evidence of the earliest known anatomically modern human outside Africa. However, the fossil’s reported age of 177,000 to 194,000 years relies on flawed interpretations of uranium-series data. We contend that those data support a minimum age of no more than ~60,000 to 70,000 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.aat6598","usgsCitation":"Sharp, W.D., and Paces, J.B., 2018, Comment on “The earliest modern humans outside Africa”: Science, v. 362, no. 6413, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6598.","productDescription":"eaat6598; 2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","ipdsId":"IP-096569","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"362","issue":"6413","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c08f1c7e4b0815414d0bc03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Warren D.","contributorId":72272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200647,"text":"70200647 - 2018 - Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:37:23","indexId":"70200647","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T10:37:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory","docAbstract":"Little is known about how design and testing methodologies affect the macroinvertebrate communities that are held captive in mesocosms. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 32‐d test to determine how seeded invertebrate communities changed once removed from the natural stream and introduced to the laboratory. We evaluated larvae survival and adult emergence in controls from 4 subsequent studies, as well as corresponding within‐river community changes. The experimental streams maintained about 80% of the invertebrates that originally colonized the introduced substrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations experienced changes in numbers through time, suggesting that these taxa are unlikely to maintain static populations throughout studies. For example, some taxa (Tanytarsini, Simuliidae, Cinygmula sp.) increased in number, grew (Simuliidae), and possibly recruited new individuals (Baetidae) as larvae, while several also completed other life history events (pupation and emergence) during the 30‐ to 32‐d studies. Midges and mayflies dominated emergence, further supporting the idea that conditions are conducive for many taxa to complete their life cycles while held captive in the experimental streams. However, plecopterans were sensitive to temperature changes >2 °C between river and laboratory. Thus, this experimental stream testing approach can support diverse larval macroinvertebrate communities for durations consistent with some chronic criterion development and life cycle assessments (i.e., 30 d). The changes in communities held captive in the experimental streams were mostly consistent with the parallel changes observed from in situ river samples, indicating that mesocosm results are reasonably representative of real river insect communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.4237","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Rogers, H., Miller, J.L., Mebane, C.A., and Balistrieri, L.S., 2018, Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2820-2834, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4237.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2820","endPage":"2834","ipdsId":"IP-087494","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KP80NB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for manuscript, \"understanding the container effect on invertebrate communities: implications for the design of mesocosm experiments\""},{"id":358839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a914e4b034bf6a7e4f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Holly hrogers@usgs.gov","contributorId":174358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Holly","email":"hrogers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Janet L. 0000-0002-2292-5501","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-5501","contributorId":210105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200646,"text":"70200646 - 2018 - Timing and genesis of ore formation in the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Ahar-Arasbaran metallogenic zone, NW Iran: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, O–S isotopes and Re–Os geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:33:21","indexId":"70200646","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T10:33:17","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and genesis of ore formation in the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Ahar-Arasbaran metallogenic zone, NW Iran: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, O–S isotopes and Re–Os geochronology","docAbstract":"In the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit of the Ahar–Arasbaran metallogenic zone (AAMZ), northwest Iran, mineralization occurs as three quartz-sulfide veins that cut granodiorite-quartz monzodiorite rocks of the Qaradagh batholith (QDB). Ore formation can be divided into three stages, with chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and gold-bearing pyrite appearing mainly in the first two stages. The main wall-rock alteration is silicification, and intermediate argillic, carbonate, and propylitic alteration. Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates trapping of medium- to high-salinity (9.2–55 wt% NaCl equiv.) fluids at Qarachilar. Fluid inclusion trapping conditions are estimated to be 190 °C–530 °C and 0.1–3 kbar. The variable phase ratios as well as spatial coexisting of liquid- and vapor-rich two-phase and halite-bearing multiphase fluid inclusions homogenizing over the same temperatures are consistent with fluid boiling during ore formation. Obtained δ18OH2O values of quartz from ore-stage veins are +5.7‰ to +9.7‰, signifying that the ore–fluid system was predominantly magmatic water. The average calculated δ34SH2S values are 1 ± 1‰ for pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite, consistent with a magmatic source for sulfur. Combined, the fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that the ore-forming fluids at Qarachilar were magmatic in origin and were subsequently cooled and diluted by meteoric water. Fluid boiling and mixing facilitated hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that mineralization occurred at 42.35 ± 0.16 Ma, coincident with formation of porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization at Agarak deposit, and Hanqasar, Aygedzor and Dastakert prospects in the Lesser Caucasus. However, Qarachilar is older than all porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization in the AAMZ and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), which suggests that collision between Arabia and Eurasia were oblique and thus diachronous. Our data suggest that mineralization at Qarachilar is related to collisional Eocene magmatic–hydrothermal activity related to Neo-Tethys subduction, and shares a number of similarities with the vein-type Cu-Mo-Au mineralization related to Cu-Mo porphyries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.007","usgsCitation":"Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M.A., Chang, Z., Stein, H.J., and Johnson, C.A., 2018, Timing and genesis of ore formation in the Qarachilar Cu-Mo-Au deposit, Ahar-Arasbaran metallogenic zone, NW Iran: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, O–S isotopes and Re–Os geochronology: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 102, p. 757-775, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.10.007.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"775","ipdsId":"IP-101123","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 46,\n 38\n ],\n [\n 48,\n 38\n ],\n [\n 48,\n 39\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 39\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a915e4b034bf6a7e4f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kouhestani, Hossein","contributorId":201391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouhestani","given":"Hossein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mokhtari, Mir Ali Asghar 0000-0002-5359-416X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-416X","contributorId":210106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mokhtari","given":"Mir","email":"","middleInitial":"Ali Asghar","affiliations":[{"id":38068,"text":"University of Zanjan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Zhaoshan","contributorId":201393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Zhaoshan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stein, Holly J. 0000-0002-9709-7165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-7165","contributorId":210107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":749843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70223856,"text":"70223856 - 2018 - A dirty dozen ways to die: Metrics and modifiers of mortality driven by drought and warming for a tree species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T14:34:55.369322","indexId":"70223856","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T09:06:02","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5860,"text":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dirty dozen ways to die: Metrics and modifiers of mortality driven by drought and warming for a tree species","docAbstract":"Tree mortality events driven by drought and warmer temperature, often amplified by pests and pathogens, are emerging as one of the predominant climate change impacts on plants. Understanding and predicting widespread tree mortality events in the future is vital as they affect ecosystem goods and services provided by forests and woodlands, including carbon storage needed to help offset warming. Additionally, if extensive enough, tree die-off events can influence not only local climate but also climate and vegetation elsewhere via ecoclimate teleconnections. Consequently, recent efforts have focused on improving predictions of tree mortality. One of the most commercially important genera of trees is Pinus, and the most studied species globally for drought-induced tree mortality is piñon pine, Pinus edulis. Numerous metrics have been developed in association with predicting mortality thresholds or variations in mortality for this species. In this article, we compiled metrics associated with drought and warming related mortality that were developed for P. edulis or for which P. edulis was a key example species used in a calculation or prediction. We grouped these metrics into three categories: (i) those related to simple climate variables, (ii) those related to physiological responses, and (iii) those that require multi-step calculations or modeling using climate, ecohydrological, and/or ecophysiological data; and we identified the spatial-temporal scale of each of these metrics. We also compiled factors shown to modify rates or sensitivities of mortality. The metrics to predict mortality include empirical ones which often have implicit linkages to expected mechanisms, and more mechanistic ones related to physiological drivers. The metrics for P. edulis have similarities with those available for other species of Pinus. Expected future mortality events will provide an opportunity to observationally and experimentally test and compare these metrics related to tree mortality for P. edulis via near-term ecological forecasting. The metrics for P. edulis may also be useful as potential analogs for other genera. Improving predictions of tree mortality for this species and others will be increasingly important as an aid to move toward anticipatory management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2018.00004","usgsCitation":"Breshears, D.D., Carroll, C.J., Redmond, M.D., Wion, A.P., Allen, C.D., Cobb, N.S., Meneses, N., Field, J.P., Wilson, L.A., Law, D., McCabe, L.M., and Newell-Bauer, O., 2018, A dirty dozen ways to die: Metrics and modifiers of mortality driven by drought and warming for a tree species: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, v. 1, 4, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2018.00004.","productDescription":"4, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099758","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2018.00004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carroll, Charles J. W.","contributorId":187575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redmond, Miranda D.","contributorId":256888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redmond","given":"Miranda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":51890,"text":"Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wion, Andreas P.","contributorId":256899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wion","given":"Andreas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":51890,"text":"Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cobb, Neil S.","contributorId":200776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cobb","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meneses, Nashelly","contributorId":265576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meneses","given":"Nashelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Field, Jason P.","contributorId":216389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":39400,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Luke A.","contributorId":265577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":98627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Darin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McCabe, Lindsie M.","contributorId":265578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Lindsie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Newell-Bauer, Olivia","contributorId":265579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell-Bauer","given":"Olivia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70199372,"text":"sir20185124 - 2018 - Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T12:54:27","indexId":"sir20185124","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T08:39:48","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5124","title":"Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Whatcom Conservation District (WCD), collected groundwater-quality data for roughly 3 years (October 2011–May 2015) from near the water table beneath forage fields receiving regular seasonal applications of liquid dairy manure in Whatcom County, Washington. The work was done as part of an evaluation of WCD’s prototypical Application Risk Management (ARM) decision support system. The ARM system uses a combination of field-specific hydrology, stage of crop-growth, manure management practices, soil conditions, and precipitation forecast to evaluate the timing of manure application via a set of decision support tools (Manure Spreading Advisory, ARM Worksheet, manure application setback distances) in order to reduce the risk of contamination of surface water and groundwater. The ARM system’s effectiveness in reducing leaching of nitrate to groundwater was evaluated by monitoring nitrate concentrations in recently recharged groundwater beneath paired test plots receiving manure application scheduled using either conventional (CON) manure scheduling procedures, which utilize fixed start and end dates for manure application along with projected crop nutrient requirements or ARM manure scheduling procedures using an approach to manure application timing based on projected crop nutrient needs, field conditions, and weather forecast. Water-quality samples from the surface of the water table were collected synoptically from paired test plots (2–5 monitoring wells per test plot) at approximately monthly intervals at three different dairy field sites. Water-quality samples from near the water table were isolated from the underlying aquifer using a combination of an inflatable packer and a fine-grained sand pack encompassing the well-screen interval.
Concentrations of nitrate and chloride measured at the water table beneath test plots were highly variable. Concentrations of nitrate ranged from non-detectable to 116 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L), and chloride ranged from 1.15 to 153 mg/L. In each test plot, seasonal variations were much greater than spatial variations. Differences in nitrate concentrations in groundwater between the two treatments were inconclusive. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater at paired treatment plots (Mann Whitney, p<0.05) were significantly lower beneath the ARM treatment plot at site B, yet significantly higher beneath the ARM treatment plot at site C. Nitrate concentrations in ground water varied significantly among individual wells at each site (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05), indicating that leaching of nitrates from soil following manure application is spatially variable at the field scale tested regardless of manure application strategy. At all three paired test plots, average concentrations of nitrate and chloride at the water table were lowest near the end of the growing season (September) and increased rapidly with the onset of autumn rains (October–December). Under both the conventional (calendar-based) and treatment (ARM-based) manure application scheduling systems, high soil nitrate concentrations in autumn were coincident with rising groundwater levels, suggesting that nitrate and chloride were flushed from soil to groundwater by recharge from the seasonal rains. Under both treatments, concentrations of nitrate in shallow (10–25 feet) groundwater beneath forage fields receiving manure applications were greater than the nitrate drinking water standard of 10 mg-N/L in approximately 85 percent of samples. Yearly mass loading of nitrogen to the groundwater system calculated from nitrate concentrations at the water table and estimates of recharge volume ranged from 86 to 196 pounds-N per acre, which was equivalent to approximately 16–37 percent of the recommended manure application rate for projected forage production yield of 7 dry tons per acre per year. Manure nitrogen applied in the autumn, when crop nutrient needs decrease due to reduced sunlight and cooler temperatures and commensurate with ongoing mineralization of soil organic-nitrogen and increased seasonal precipitation, are more likely to exceed the immediate plant nutritional requirements and hence be flushed to groundwater than manure applications occurring near the peak of the growing season.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Whatcom Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Cox, S.E., Spanjer, A.R., Huffman, R.L., Black, R.W., Barbash, J.E., and Embertson, N.M., 2018, Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5124, 41 p.,\nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185124.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092676","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437710,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D50K3F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentration of nitrate and other water-quality constituents in groundwater from the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of dairy manure, Whatcom County, Washington (2015)"},{"id":358358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5124/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358359,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5124/sir20185124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5124"},{"id":358360,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7D50K3F","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Realase","linkHelpText":"Concentration of nitrate and other water-quality constituents in groundwater from the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of dairy manure, Whatcom County, Washington (2015)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Whatcom County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48554229736328,\n 48.90286905393369\n ],\n [\n -122.21260070800781,\n 48.90286905393369\n ],\n [\n -122.21260070800781,\n 48.99711382864934\n ],\n [\n -122.48554229736328,\n 48.99711382864934\n ],\n [\n -122.48554229736328,\n 48.90286905393369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
The seasonal activity pattern of immature Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) varies geographically in the United States, which may affect the efficiency of transmission cycles of pathogens transmitted by this species. To study the factors that determine seasonality, a multiyear study at seven sites across the geographic range of I. scapularis systematically collected questing ticks by flagging/dragging, and feeding ticks by capture of their hosts. The observed phenology patterns were consistent with previous studies reporting geographic variation in seasonal tick activity. Predictions of seasonal activity for each site were obtained from an I. scapularis simulation model calibrated using contemporaneous weather data. A range of scenarios for life-cycle processes—including different regimes of temperature-independent behavioral and developmental diapause, variations in temperature–development rate relationships, and temperature-dependent tick activity—were used in model formulations. These formulations produced a range of simulations of seasonal activity for each site and were compared against the field observed tick data using negative binomial regression models. Best fit scenarios were chosen for each site on the basis of Akaike’s information criterion and regression model parameters. This analysis suggests that temperature-independent diapause mechanisms explain some key observed variations in I. scapularis seasonality, and are responsible in part for geographic variations in I. scapularis seasonality in the United States. However, diapause appears to operate in idiosyncratic ways in different regions of the United States, so further studies on populations in different regions will be needed to enable predictive modeling of climatic and climate change effects on I. scapularis seasonal activity and pathogen transmission.
","language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjy104","usgsCitation":"Ogden, N.H., Pang, G., Ginsberg, H., Hickling, G., Burke, R.L., Beati, L., and Tsao, J.I., 2018, Evidence for geographic variation in life-cycle processes affecting phenology of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1386-1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy104.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1386","endPage":"1401","ipdsId":"IP-095991","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a915e4b034bf6a7e4f67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogden, Nicholas H.","contributorId":147667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogden","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16890,"text":"Public Health Agency of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pang, Genevieve","contributorId":71087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pang","given":"Genevieve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":147665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard S.","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickling, Graham J.","contributorId":88639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickling","given":"Graham J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burke, Russell L.","contributorId":127374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burke","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6921,"text":"Hofstra University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beati, Lorenza","contributorId":148019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beati","given":"Lorenza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16976,"text":"Georgia Southern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tsao, Jean I.","contributorId":140905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsao","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200605,"text":"70200605 - 2018 - Establishing chronologies for alluvial-fan sequences with analysis of high-resolution topographic data: San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:48:06","indexId":"70200605","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T12:11:27","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing chronologies for alluvial-fan sequences with analysis of high-resolution topographic data: San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"On active alluvial fans, debris-flow deposits and frequent avulsions produce a rough topographic surface. As is the case in many initially rough landforms produced by catastrophic processes, the topography of alluvial fans is progressively smoothed, producing textural differences useful in establishing relative age criteria for fans. Here, we outline an approach for defining a quantitative, numerical chronology for the surfaces of alluvial fans from topographic analysis, although the method is generalizable to any arbitrary landform. Our chronology relies on predictions for the evolution of topography by purely diffusive modification. Specifically, by comparing the surface roughness of active and abandoned alluvial-fan surfaces measured from spectral transformations of topography, we can directly estimate a fan’s “morphologic age,” which is the product of the duration and efficiency of diffusive modification by surface processes. We tested the method on a suite of alluvial fans in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA, and evaluated the results against field observations and available geochronologic data. Estimated morphologic ages obey stratigraphic constraints and imply reasonable efficiencies of sediment transport. We highlight the fact that the oldest fan surfaces observed here, constrained to be older than 100 ka by U-series dating of pedogenic carbonates, have morphologic ages near the method’s saturation point. In addition, many fans have morphologies that are not entirely consistent with a purely diffusive modification from the initial fan morphology recorded on active fan surfaces, likely as a result of postdepositional modification by sediment transport driven by wind and overland flow. However, we remain optimistic that morphologic dating can provide useful insights into the history of alluvial-fan activity, in particular, because our method provides a means for both computing a morphologic age and assessing the validity of the assumptions required for that computation from analysis of topography alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geologic Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01680.1","usgsCitation":"Johnstone, S., Hudson, A.M., Nicovich, S., Ruleman, C.A., Sare, R.M., and Thompson, R., 2018, Establishing chronologies for alluvial-fan sequences with analysis of high-resolution topographic data: San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA: Geosphere, v. 14, no. 6, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01680.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-095218","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01680.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q2BP9P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U and Th isotope data for "Establishing chronologies for alluvial-fan sequences with analysis of high-resolution topographic data: San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA""},{"id":358813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","volume":"14","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bed4272e4b0b3fc5cf91c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnstone, Samuel 0000-0002-3945-2499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-2499","contributorId":207545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnstone","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Adam M. 0000-0002-3387-9838 ahudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-9838","contributorId":195419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Adam","email":"ahudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicovich, Sylvia","contributorId":210054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicovich","given":"Sylvia","affiliations":[{"id":38060,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruleman, Chester A. 0000-0002-1503-4591 cruleman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-4591","contributorId":1264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"Chester","email":"cruleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sare, Robert M.","contributorId":210055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sare","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38061,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":207982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200596,"text":"70200596 - 2018 - Upstream migration and spawning success of Chinook salmon in a highly developed, seasonally warm river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T14:53:05","indexId":"70200596","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T11:59:42","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5040,"text":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","onlineIssn":"2330-8257","printIssn":"2330-8249","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upstream migration and spawning success of Chinook salmon in a highly developed, seasonally warm river system","docAbstract":"This review summarizes what is known about the influence of water temperature and velocity on the migration and spawning success of an inland population of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Models are then developed and used to illustrate how migration and spawning success might change if temperatures and velocities increase under a future climate. The illustration shows the potential for moderate increases in temperature and velocity to reduce homing and increase energy expenditure. Those two outcomes would reduce the abundance, productivity, and diversity of the population studied. Under the future scenario illustrated, it would become difficult for fish management actions alone to recover conservation-reliant populations of inland Chinook salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2018.1477736","usgsCitation":"Connor, W.P., Tiffan, K.F., Chandler, J.A., Rondorf, D.W., Arnsberg, B.D., and Anderson, K.C., 2018, Upstream migration and spawning success of Chinook salmon in a highly developed, seasonally warm river system: Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1-50, https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2018.1477736.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-097181","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2018.1477736","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.87060546874999,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -124.87060546874999,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -124.87060546874999,\n 42.439674178149424\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a916e4b034bf6a7e4f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, James A.","contributorId":210045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38056,"text":"Idaho Power Company 1221 West Idaho Street, Boise, ID 83702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":749680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arnsberg, Billy D.","contributorId":210047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnsberg","given":"Billy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38057,"text":"Nez Perce Tribe, Department of Fisheries Resources Management, P.O. Box 365, Lapwai, ID 83540","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, Kelvin C.","contributorId":210048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kelvin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38058,"text":"Idaho Power Company, 1221 West Idaho Street, Boise, ID 83702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200586,"text":"70200586 - 2018 - Molecular systematics of sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T11:29:11","indexId":"70200586","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T11:29:07","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular systematics of sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses","docAbstract":"Namao virus (NV) is a sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (sNCLDV) that can cause a lethal disease of the integumentary system in lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. As a group, the sNCLDV have not been assigned to any currently recognized taxonomic family of viruses. In this study, a data set of NV DNA sequences was generated and assembled as two non-overlapping contigs of 306,448 bp and then used to conduct a comprehensive systematics analysis using Bayesian inference of phylogeny for NV, other sNCLDV and representative members of six families of the NCLDV superfamily. The phylogeny of NV was reconstructed using protein homologues encoded by nine nucleocytoplasmic virus orthologous genes (NCVOGs): NCVOG0022 – mcp, NCVOG0038 – DNA polymerase B elongation subunit, NCVOG0076 – VV A18-type helicase, NCVOG0249 – VV A32-type ATPase, NCVOG0262 – AL2 VLTF3-like transcription factor, NCVOG0271 – RNA polymerase II subunit II, NCVOG0274 – RNA polymerase II subunit I, NCVOG0276 – ribonucleotide reductase small subunit and NCVOG1117 – mRNA capping enzyme. The accuracy of our phylogenetic method was evaluated using a combination of Bayesian statistical analysis and congruence analysis. Stable tree topologies were obtained with data sets differing in target molecule(s), sequence length and taxa. Congruent topologies were obtained in phylogenies constructed using individual protein data sets. The major capsid protein phylogeny inferred that ten representative sNCLDV form a monophyletic group comprised of four lineages within a polyphyletic Mimi-Phycodnaviridae group of taxa. Overall, the analyses revealed that Namao virus is a member of the Mimiviridae family with strong and consistent support for a clade containing NV and CroV as sister taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.019","usgsCitation":"Clouthier, S., Anderson, E., Kurath, G., and Breyta, R., 2018, Molecular systematics of sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 128, p. 26-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-095370","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a916e4b034bf6a7e4f76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clouthier, Sharon","contributorId":210029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clouthier","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[{"id":38053,"text":"Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Eric","contributorId":168940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breyta, Rachel","contributorId":150355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breyta","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200418,"text":"70200418 - 2018 - A test of sex specific genetic markers in the Hawaiian hoary bat and relevance to population studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-13T09:27:12","indexId":"70200418","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T09:48:23","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-085","title":"A test of sex specific genetic markers in the Hawaiian hoary bat and relevance to population studies","docAbstract":"We tested the utility of a protocol using genetic markers that previously proved successful to identify the sex of Vespertilionid bats on tissues collected from live bats and carcasses of varying age from the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus). This molecular method is based on genes unique to X and Y chromosomes in mammals and previously was used successfully on North American hoary bats (L. c. cinereus). We amplified two markers within intron regions of the zinc-finger-X (Zfx) and zinc-finger-Y (Zfy) genes using a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction technique and obtained product bands that were easily visualized using gel electrophoresis. Genotyping determined the sex of 36 individual Hawaiian hoary bat carcasses previously assigned sex only by external genitalia and identified sex for 29 “unknown” bat carcasses that could not be classified by external genitalia. Employing this method for sexing Hawaiian hoary bats will permit more reliable evaluation of the ratio of males to females in subpopulations affected by fatalities from emerging threats. This is critical to the conservation and management of this endangered bat.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","usgsCitation":"Pinzari, C., and Bonaccorso, F., 2018, A test of sex specific genetic markers in the Hawaiian hoary bat and relevance to population studies: Technical Report HCSU-085, ii, 10 p.","productDescription":"ii, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099128","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10790/4375"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be16511e4b0b3fc5cf3ffb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinzari, Corinna A. 0000-0001-9794-7564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-7564","contributorId":208455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinzari","given":"Corinna A.","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonaccorso, Frank 0000-0002-5490-3083 fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-3083","contributorId":143709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonaccorso","given":"Frank","email":"fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205284,"text":"70205284 - 2018 - The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: Alasmidonta heterodon and Alasmidonta varicosa (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-12T09:45:10","indexId":"70205284","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T09:37:53","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5471,"text":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: Alasmidonta heterodon and Alasmidonta varicosa (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae)","title":"The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: Alasmidonta heterodon and Alasmidonta varicosa (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae)","docAbstract":"The freshwater mussels Alasmidonta heterodon and A. varicosa historically inhabited rivers along the North American Atlantic coast from the Carolinas, U.S.A., to New Brunswick, CA. However, many populations have been extirpated, and A. heterodon is now federally listed in the U.S.A. as endangered, and both A. heterodon and A. varicosa are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. To facilitate genetic study of these species, we sequenced the complete female mitochondrial genomes of A. heterodon (15,909 bp; GenBank accession no. MG905826), and A. varicosa (15,693 bp; GenBank accession no. MG938673). Both mitogenomes contained 14 protein coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNAs with the same gene order as reported for other members of the subfamily Anodontinae. When these two genomes were put into a phylogenetic context with other members of the Unionidae, they clustered together with other species in the subfamily Anodontinae, Tribe Anodontini.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/23802359.2018.1501307","usgsCitation":"Aunins, A.W., Morrison, C.L., Galbraith, H., Eackles, M.S., Schill, W., and King, T.L., 2018, The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: Alasmidonta heterodon and Alasmidonta varicosa (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae): Mitochondrial DNA Part B, v. 3, no. 2, p. 1124-1126, https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1501307.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1124","endPage":"1126","ipdsId":"IP-096282","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1501307","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aunins, Aaron W. 0000-0001-5240-1453 aaunins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-1453","contributorId":5863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aunins","given":"Aaron","email":"aaunins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":146488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":770723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galbraith, Heather 0000-0003-3704-3517","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":207512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":770724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eackles, Michael S. 0000-0001-5624-5769 meackles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-5769","contributorId":218936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"Michael","email":"meackles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schill, W. Bane 0000-0002-9217-984X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-984X","contributorId":213903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W. Bane","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223286,"text":"70223286 - 2018 - Evaluating inter-rater reliability and statistical power of vegetation measures assessing deer impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T14:43:09.267987","indexId":"70223286","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T09:36:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating inter-rater reliability and statistical power of vegetation measures assessing deer impact","docAbstract":"Long-term vegetation monitoring projects are often used to evaluate how plant communities change through time in response to some external influence. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of vegetation monitoring to consistently detect changes in white-tailed deer browsing effects. Specifically, we compared inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s κ and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient) between two identically trained field crews for several plant metrics used by Pennsylvania state agencies to monitor deer browsing impact. Additionally, we conducted a power analysis to determine the effect of sampling scale (1/2500th or 1/750th ha plots) on the ability to detect changes in tree seedling stem counts over time. Inter-rater reliability across sampling crews was substantial for most metrics based on direct measurements, while the observational based Deer Impact Index (DII) had only moderate inter-rater reliability. The smaller, 1/2500th ha sampling scale resulted in higher statistical power to detect changes in tree seedling stem counts due to reduced observer error. Overall, this study indicates that extensive training on plant identification, project protocols, and consistent data collection methods can result in reliable vegetation metrics useful for tracking understory responses to white-tailed deer browsing. Smaller sampling scales and objective plant measures (i.e., seedling counts, species richness) improve inter-rater reliability over subjective measures of deer impact (i.e., DII). However, considering objective plant measures when making a subjective assessment regarding deer browsing effects may also improve DII inter-rater reliability.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/f9110669","usgsCitation":"Begley-Miller, D.R., Diefenbach, D.R., McDill, M.E., Rosenberry, C., and Just, E.H., 2018, Evaluating inter-rater reliability and statistical power of vegetation measures assessing deer impact: Forests, v. 9, no. 11, 669, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110669.","productDescription":"669, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101441","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110669","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bald Eagle State Forest, Rothrock State Forest, Susquehannock State Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.14437866210938,\n 41.49006348843993\n ],\n [\n -77.47833251953125,\n 41.49006348843993\n ],\n [\n -77.47833251953125,\n 41.840920397579936\n ],\n [\n -78.14437866210938,\n 41.840920397579936\n ],\n [\n -78.14437866210938,\n 41.49006348843993\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.25698852539062,\n 40.447992135544304\n ],\n [\n -76.93862915039062,\n 40.447992135544304\n ],\n [\n -76.93862915039062,\n 41.10212132036491\n ],\n [\n -78.25698852539062,\n 41.10212132036491\n ],\n [\n -78.25698852539062,\n 40.447992135544304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Begley-Miller, Danielle R.","contributorId":264498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Begley-Miller","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":54482,"text":"Teatown Lake Reservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDill, Marc E.","contributorId":264499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDill","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":264500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Just, Emily H.","contributorId":264501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Just","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37212,"text":"Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217042,"text":"70217042 - 2018 - Estimating the probability of movement and partitioning seasonal survival in an amphibian metapopulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T13:43:18.171874","indexId":"70217042","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-25T07:38:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the probability of movement and partitioning seasonal survival in an amphibian metapopulation","docAbstract":"Movement of individuals has been described as one of the best studied, but least understood concepts in ecology. The magnitude of movements, routes, and probability of movement have significant application to conservation. Information about movement can inform efforts to model species persistence and is particularly applicable in situations where specific threats (e.g., disease) may depend on the movement of hosts and potential vectors. We estimated the probability of movement (breeding dispersal and permanent emigration) in a metapopulation of 16 breeding sites for boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreasboreas). We used a multi‐state mark–recapture approach unique in its complexity (16 sites over 18 yr) to address questions related to these movements and variation in resident survival. We found that individuals had a 1–2% probability of dispersing in a particular year and that approximately 10–20% of marked individuals were transient and observed in the metapopulation only once. Resident survival probabilities differed by season, with 71–90% survival from emergence from hibernation through early post‐breeding and >97% survival from mid‐/late active season through hibernation. Movement‐related probabilities are needed to predict species range expansions and contractions, estimate population and metapopulation dynamics, understand host–pathogen and native–invasive species interactions, and to evaluate the relative effects of proposed management actions.
A methodology based on general hydraulic relations for rivers has been developed to estimate the discharge (flow rate) of rivers using satellite remote sensing observations. The estimates of discharge, flow depth, and flow velocity are derived from remotely observed water surface area, water surface slope, and water surface height, and demonstrated for two reaches of the Yukon River in Alaska, at Eagle (reach length 34.7 km) and near Stevens Village (reach length 38.3 km). The method is based on fundamental equations of hydraulic flow resistance in rivers, including the Manning equation and the Prandtl-von Karman universal velocity distribution equation. The method employs some new hydraulic relations to help define flow resistance and height of the zero flow boundary in the channel. Estimates are made both with and without calibration. The water surface area of the river reach is measured by using a provisional version of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat based product named Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE). The water surface height and slope measurements require a self-consistent datum, and are derived from observations from the Jason-2 satellite altimeter mission. At both reach locations, the Jason-2 radar altimeter non-winter heights consistently tracked the stage recorded at USGS streamgages with a standard deviation of differences (error) during the non-winter periods of less than 7%. Part of the error may be due to differences in the gage and altimeter crossing locations with respect to the range of stage change and the response to changes in discharge at the upstream and downstream locations. For the non-winter periods, the radar derived slope estimates (mean = 0.0003) were constant over the mission lifetime, and in agreement with previously measured USGS water surface slopes and slopes determined from USGS topographic maps. The accuracy of the mean of the uncalibrated daily estimates of discharge varied between reaches, ranging from 13% near Stevens Village (N = 90) to −21% at Eagle (N = 246) based on the absolute error, and 5% to −6% based on the error of the log of the estimates. Calibrating to the mean of USGS daily discharge estimates from the streamflow rating for the same period of record at each streamgage resulted in mean absolute errors ranging from 1% to 2%, and log errors ranging from 1% or less. The error pattern of the estimates shows that without calibration, even though the mean is well simulated, the high and low end values over the range of estimates may have significant bias.