Many process-based models of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles have been developed for northern forest ecosystems. These models are widely used to evaluate the long-term decisions in forest management dealing with effects like particulate pollution, productivity and climate change. Regarding climate change, one of the key questions that have sensitive political implications is whether northern forests will sequester atmospheric C or not. Whilst many process-based models have been tested for accuracy by evaluating or validating against observed data, few have dealt with the complexity of the incorporated procedures to estimate uncertainties associated with model predictions or the sensitivity of these predictions to input factors in a systematic, inter-model comparison fashion. In general, models differ in their underlying attempts to match natural complexities with assumed or imposed model structure and process formulations to estimate model parameters, to gather data and to address issues on scope, scale and natural variations. Uncertainties may originate from model structure, estimation of model parameters, data input, representation of natural variation and scaling exercises. Model structure relates to the mathematical representation of the processes modelled and the type of state variables that a model contains. The modelling of partitioning among above- and below-ground C and N pools and the interdependence among these pools remain a major source of uncertainty in model structure and error propagation. For example, most soil C models use at least three state variables to represent the different types of soil organic matter (SOM). This approach results in creating three artificial SOM pools, assuming that each one contains C compounds with the same turnover rate. In reality, SOM consists of many different types of C compounds with widely different turnover rates. Uncertainty in data and parameter estimates are closely linked. Data uncertainties are associated with high variations in estimating forest biomass, productivity and soil organic matter and their estimates may be incomplete for model initialisation, calibration, validation and sensitivity analysis of generalised predictor models. The scale at which a model is being used also affects the level of uncertainty, as the errors in the prediction of the C and N dynamics differ from site to landscape levels and across climatic regions. If the spatial or temporal scale of a model application is changed, additional uncertainty arises from neglecting natural variability in system variables in time and space. Uncertainty issues are also intimately related to model validation and sensitivity analysis. The estimation of uncertainties is needed to inform decision processes in order to detect the possible corridor of development. Uncertainty in this context is an essential measure of quality for stakeholder and decision makers.
Current uncertainty in quantifying the global carbon budget remains a major contributing source of uncertainty in reliably projecting future climate change. Furthermore, quantifying the global carbon budget and characterising uncertainties have emerged as critical to a successful implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol. Beyond fundamental quantification, attribution of the processes responsible for the so-called ‘residual terrestrial uptake’ is important to the carbon cycle communities' ability to simulate the future response of the terrestrial biosphere to climate change and intentional sequestration activities. The objective of this chapter is to describe the approaches to model-data fusion enabling continued advances in quantifying carbon cycling and the terrestrial mechanisms at work. The major impediments to advances in this field include accounting for climate variability and uncertainties in model outcomes. One proposed solution to overcome these obstacles is the use of data from the FLUXNET network to characterise the relative strength of climate impact on plant productivity and respiration. Other solutions involve the use of atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements for model validation and the use of remote sensing data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in integrated environmental assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/S1574-101X(08)00619-4","usgsCitation":"Alexandrov, G., Chan, D., Chen, M., Gurney, K., Higuchi, K., Ito, A., Jones, C., Komarov, A., Mabuchi, K., Matross, D., Veroustraete, F., and Verstreten, W., 2008, Model-data fusion in studies of the terrestrial carbon sink, chap. 19 of Developments in integrated environmental assessment, v. 3, p. 329-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-101X(08)00619-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777304,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voinov, A.A.","contributorId":113598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voinov","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777305,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzoli, A.E.","contributorId":113184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzoli","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777306,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, S. H.","contributorId":221190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777307,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Alexandrov, G.A.","contributorId":221173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexandrov","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chan, D.","contributorId":221174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, M.","contributorId":73417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gurney, K.","contributorId":24174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurney","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Higuchi, K","contributorId":221175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higuchi","given":"K","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ito, A","contributorId":221176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ito","given":"A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, C.D.","contributorId":221177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Komarov, A","contributorId":221178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komarov","given":"A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mabuchi, K","contributorId":221179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mabuchi","given":"K","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Matross, D.M.","contributorId":221180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matross","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Veroustraete, F","contributorId":221181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veroustraete","given":"F","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Verstreten, W.W.","contributorId":221189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verstreten","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":97119,"text":"ofr20081186 - 2008 - Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Predicting Annual Maximum and Annual Maximum Moving-Average Concentrations of Atrazine in Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"ofr20081186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1186","title":"Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Predicting Annual Maximum and Annual Maximum Moving-Average Concentrations of Atrazine in Streams","docAbstract":"Regression models were developed for predicting annual maximum and selected annual maximum moving-average concentrations of atrazine in streams using the Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) methodology developed by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The current effort builds on the original WARP models, which were based on the annual mean and selected percentiles of the annual frequency distribution of atrazine concentrations. Estimates of annual maximum and annual maximum moving-average concentrations for selected durations are needed to characterize the levels of atrazine and other pesticides for comparison to specific water-quality benchmarks for evaluation of potential concerns regarding human health or aquatic life.\r\n\r\nSeparate regression models were derived for the annual maximum and annual maximum 21-day, 60-day, and 90-day moving-average concentrations. Development of the regression models used the same explanatory variables, transformations, model development data, model validation data, and regression methods as those used in the original development of WARP. The models accounted for 72 to 75 percent of the variability in the concentration statistics among the 112 sampling sites used for model development. Predicted concentration statistics from the four models were within a factor of 10 of the observed concentration statistics for most of the model development and validation sites.\r\n\r\nOverall, performance of the models for the development and validation sites supports the application of the WARP models for predicting annual maximum and selected annual maximum moving-average atrazine concentration in streams and provides a framework to interpret the predictions in terms of uncertainty. For streams with inadequate direct measurements of atrazine concentrations, the WARP model predictions for the annual maximum and the annual maximum moving-average atrazine concentrations can be used to characterize the probable levels of atrazine for comparison to specific water-quality benchmarks. Sites with a high probability of exceeding a benchmark for human health or aquatic life can be prioritized for monitoring.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081186","usgsCitation":"Stone, W.W., Gilliom, R.J., and Crawford, C.G., 2008, Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Predicting Annual Maximum and Annual Maximum Moving-Average Concentrations of Atrazine in Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1186, viii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081186.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12101,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68460e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97118,"text":"ds69S - 2008 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable coalbed-gas resources in Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, North Slope, and adjacent state waters, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T19:17:48.278954","indexId":"ds69S","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"S","title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable coalbed-gas resources in Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, North Slope, and adjacent state waters, Alaska","docAbstract":"The purpose of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Oil and Gas Assessment is to develop geology-based hypotheses regarding the potential for additions to oil and gas reserves in priority areas of the United States, focusing on the distribution, quantity, and availability of oil and natural gas resources. The USGS has completed an assessment of the undiscovered, technically recoverable coalbed-gas resources in Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks underlying the North Slope and adjacent State waters of Alaska (USGS Northern Alaska Province 5001). The province is a priority Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) province for the National Assessment because of its potential for oil and gas resources.\r\n\r\nThe assessment of this province is based on geologic principles and uses the total petroleum system concept. The geologic elements of a total petroleum system include hydrocarbon source rocks (source rock maturation, hydrocarbon generation and migration), reservoir rocks (stratigraphy, sedimentology, petrophysical properties), and hydrocarbon traps (trap formation and timing). In the Northern Alaska Province, the USGS used this geologic framework to define one composite coalbed gas total petroleum system and three coalbed gas assessment units within the petroleum system, and quantitatively estimated the undiscovered coalbed-gas resources within each assessment unit.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National assessment of oil and gas projects (Data Series 69)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds69S","usgsCitation":"Roberts, S., 2008, Geologic assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable coalbed-gas resources in Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, North Slope, and adjacent state waters, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, HTML Document, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69S.","productDescription":"HTML Document, CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12100,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-s/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401940,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98212.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.234375,\n 68.00757101804004\n ],\n [\n -142.734375,\n 68.00757101804004\n ],\n [\n -142.734375,\n 71.18775391813158\n ],\n [\n -165.234375,\n 71.18775391813158\n ],\n [\n -165.234375,\n 68.00757101804004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Stephen B.","contributorId":84468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Stephen B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97117,"text":"sir20085172 - 2008 - Geoinformatics 2008 - Data to Knowledge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:28","indexId":"sir20085172","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5172","title":"Geoinformatics 2008 - Data to Knowledge","docAbstract":"Geoinformatics is the term used to describe a variety of efforts to promote collaboration between the computer sciences and the geosciences to solve complex scientific questions. It refers to the distributed, integrated digital information system and working environment that provides innovative means for the study of the Earth systems, as well as other planets, through use of advanced information technologies. Geoinformatics activities range from major research and development efforts creating new technologies to provide high-quality, sustained production-level services for data discovery, integration and analysis, to small, discipline-specific efforts that develop earth science data collections and data analysis tools serving the needs of individual communities. The ultimate vision of Geoinformatics is a highly interconnected data system populated with high quality, freely available data, as well as, a robust set of software for analysis, visualization, and modeling. This volume is a collection of extended abstracts for oral papers presented at the Geoinformatics 2008 conference, June 11 and 13, 2008, in Potsdam, Germany.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085172","isbn":"9781411322790","usgsCitation":"Brady, S.R., Sinha, A.K., and Gundersen, L.C., 2008, Geoinformatics 2008 - Data to Knowledge: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5172, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085172.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2008-06-11","temporalEnd":"2008-06-13","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12099,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Shailaja R. srbrady@usgs.gov","contributorId":1762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Shailaja","email":"srbrady@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinha, A. Krishna","contributorId":32998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinha","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gundersen, Linda C. lgundersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"Linda","email":"lgundersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97114,"text":"sim3051 - 2008 - Bathymetric contour maps for lakes surveyed in Iowa in 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T20:21:59.715411","indexId":"sim3051","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3051","title":"Bathymetric contour maps for lakes surveyed in Iowa in 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, conducted bathymetric surveys on two lakes in Iowa during 2006 (Little Storm Lake and Silver Lake). The surveys were conducted to provide the Iowa Department of Natural Resources with information for the development of total maximum daily load limits, particularly for estimating sediment load and deposition rates. The bathymetric surveys can provide a baseline for future work on sediment loads and deposition rates for these lakes. Both of the lakes surveyed in 2006 are natural lakes.\r\n\r\nFor Silver Lake, bathymetric data were collected using boat-mounted, differential global positioning system, echo depth-sounding equipment, and computer software. For Little Storm Lake, because of its shallow nature, bathymetric data were collected using manual depth measurements. Data were processed with commercial hydrographic software and exported into a geographic information system for mapping and calculating area and volume. Lake volumes were estimated to be 7,547,000 cubic feet (173 acre-feet) at Little Storm Lake and 126,724,000 cubic feet (2,910 acre-feet) at Silver Lake. Surface areas were estimated to be 4,110,000 square feet (94 acres) at Little Storm Lake and 27,957,000 square feet (640 acres) at Silver Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Linhart, S.M., and Lund, K.D., 2008, Bathymetric contour maps for lakes surveyed in Iowa in 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3051, 2 Sheets: 25.5 x 29.50 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3051.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 25.5 x 29.50 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111127,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85389.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":111126,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85388.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Buena Vista County, Palo Alto County","otherGeospatial":"Little Storm Lake, Silver Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.23205819488251,\n 42.6446785234813\n ],\n [\n -95.23737997009704,\n 42.64574925553342\n ],\n [\n -95.24176260850935,\n 42.644102858676746\n ],\n [\n -95.24138695378863,\n 42.63595080596434\n ],\n [\n -95.23850693426031,\n 42.63589320411249\n ],\n [\n -95.23701252885824,\n 42.63834219708861\n ],\n [\n -95.2348749233248,\n 42.64049546078755\n ],\n [\n -95.23282335897106,\n 42.641315431182306\n ],\n [\n -95.23205819488251,\n 42.6446785234813\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.90730228935497,\n 43.043471218469676\n ],\n [\n -94.90849716332373,\n 43.0353926817786\n ],\n [\n -94.90043176403574,\n 43.029934242283844\n ],\n [\n -94.88706411151261,\n 43.02556684340345\n ],\n [\n -94.88008156675853,\n 43.02261864237913\n ],\n [\n -94.86921568160727,\n 43.022946247460794\n ],\n [\n -94.87052257501095,\n 43.02821422136199\n ],\n [\n -94.87571280881174,\n 43.03173522141648\n ],\n [\n -94.87563812918866,\n 43.038340610129836\n ],\n [\n -94.90730228935497,\n 43.043471218469676\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linhart, S. 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D.","contributorId":31851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032522,"text":"70032522 - 2008 - Heat as a tracer to determine streambed water exchanges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T16:40:35.740385","indexId":"70032522","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat as a tracer to determine streambed water exchanges","docAbstract":"This work reviews the use of heat as a tracer of shallow groundwater movement and describes current temperature-based approaches for estimating streambed water exchanges. Four common hydrologic conditions in stream channels are graphically depicted with the expected underlying streambed thermal responses, and techniques are discussed for installing and monitoring temperature and stage equipment for a range of hydrological environments. These techniques are divided into direct-measurement techniques in streams and streambeds, groundwater techniques relying on traditional observation wells, and remote sensing and other large-scale advanced temperature-acquisition techniques. A review of relevant literature suggests researchers often graphically visualize temperature data to enhance conceptual models of heat and water flow in the near-stream environment and to determine site-specific approaches of data analysis. Common visualizations of stream and streambed temperature patterns include thermographs, temperature envelopes, and one-, two-, and three-dimensional temperature contour plots. Heat and water transport governing equations are presented for the case of transport in streambeds, followed by methods of streambed data analysis, including simple heat-pulse arrival time and heat-loss procedures, analytical and time series solutions, and heat and water transport simulation models. A series of applications of these methods are presented for a variety of stream settings ranging from arid to continental climates. Progressive successes to quantify both streambed fluxes and the spatial extent of streambeds indicate heat-tracing tools help define the streambed as a spatially distinct field (analogous to soil science), rather than simply the lower boundary in stream research or an amorphous zone beneath the stream channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006996","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 2008, Heat as a tracer to determine streambed water exchanges: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 4, W00D10, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006996.","productDescription":"W00D10, 20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr006996","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fe5e4b0c8380cd5d1ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206524,"text":"70206524 - 2008 - Rank clocks and plant community dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-08T06:40:42","indexId":"70206524","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-01T16:23:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rank clocks and plant community dynamics","docAbstract":"Summarizing complex temporal dynamics in communities is difficult to achieve in a way that yields an intuitive picture of change. Rank clocks and rank abundance statistics provide a graphical and analytical framework for displaying and quantifying community dynamics. We used rank clocks, in which the rank order abundance for each species is plotted over time in temporal clockwise direction, to display temporal changes in species abundances and richness. We used mean rank shift and proportional species persistence to quantify changes in community structure in long‐term data sets from fertilized and control plots in a late successional old field, frequently and infrequently burned tallgrass prairie, and Chihuahuan desert grassland and shrubland communities. Rank clocks showed that relatively constant species richness masks considerable temporal dynamics in relative species abundances. In the old field, fertilized plots initially experienced high mean rank shifts that stabilized rapidly below that of unfertilized plots. Rank shifts were higher in infrequently burned vs. annually burned tallgrass prairie and in desert grassland compared to shrubland vegetation. Proportional persistence showed that arid grasslands were more dynamic than mesic grasslands. We conclude that rank clocks and rank abundance statistics provide important insights into community dynamics that are often hidden by traditional univariate approaches.
The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Operational Land Imager (OLI) is the successor to the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instrument and features a pushbroom architecture that is more geometrically stable than the whiskbroom scanner of the ETM+. As a tradeoff of this architecture selection, imagery must be terrain corrected to ensure accurate band registration. This paper compares the geometric performance requirements for the two instruments and discusses the implications for the Landsat user community.
","conferenceTitle":"William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing, 17th","conferenceDate":"November 18-20, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Storey, J.C., Choate, M., and Lee, K., 2008, Geometric performance comparison between the OLI and the ETM+, William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing, 17th, Denver, CO, November 18-20, 2008, 0039, 8 p.","productDescription":"0039, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":462343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Conference-Proceedings.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232 storey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":5333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"storey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Kenton","contributorId":127404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6944,"text":"Ball Aerospace Technologies Corporation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236410,"text":"70236410 - 2008 - High-resolution seismic images and seismic velocities of the San Andreas fault zone at Burro Flats, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T15:39:31.774931","indexId":"70236410","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-01T10:29:36","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic images and seismic velocities of the San Andreas fault zone at Burro Flats, Southern California","docAbstract":"To better understand the structure of the San Andreas fault (SAF) at Burro Flats in southern California, we acquired a three-dimensional combined set of seismic reflection and refraction profiles centered on the main active trace at Burro Flats. In this article, we discuss the variation in shallow-depth velocities along each seismic profile, with special emphasis on the 1500 m/sec P-wave velocity contour, which can be an indicator of shallow-depth water-saturated unconsolidated sediments. Along the four seismic profiles, minimum depths of the groundwater table, as inferred from 1500 m/sec velocity contour, range from 10 to about 20 m. The largest variations in depth to the top of the groundwater table occur in areas near mapped faults, suggesting that the groundwater flow in Burro Flats is strongly affected by the locations of fault traces. We also used the seismic data to develop seismic reflection images that show multiple strands of the SAF in the upper 60 m. Reflectors above the 10 m depth probably correspond to Holocene alluvial deposits; reflectors below the 15 m depth probably arise from velocity or density variations within the Precambrian gneiss complex, likely due to weathering. Apparent vertical offsets of reflectors are observed along profiles (lines 1 and 2) that are normal to the SAF, indicating minor apparent vertical offsets on the SAF at shallow depths. Along line 2, the apparently vertically offset reflectors correlate with zones of relatively low P-wave velocity. Along the central part of lines 1 and 2, the faults form a flower structure, which is typical of strike-slip faults such as the SAF.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120060252","usgsCitation":"Tsai, C.C., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Rymer, M.J., Schnurle, P., and Chen, H.W., 2008, High-resolution seismic images and seismic velocities of the San Andreas fault zone at Burro Flats, Southern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 6, p. 2948-2961, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060252.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2948","endPage":"2961","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault zone at Burro Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.25,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -116.255,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -116.255,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 33.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, C. C.","contributorId":296227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsai","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schnurle, P.","contributorId":296228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schnurle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, H. W.","contributorId":296229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201078,"text":"70201078 - 2008 - Spirit Mars Rover Mission to the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater: Mission overview and selected results from the Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:21:11","indexId":"70201078","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-01T10:20:32","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spirit Mars Rover Mission to the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater: Mission overview and selected results from the Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes the Spirit rover operations in the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater from sols 513 to 1476 and provides an overview of selected findings that focus on synergistic use of the Athena Payload and comparisons to orbital data. Results include discovery of outcrops (Voltaire) on Husband Hill that are interpreted to be altered impact melt deposits that incorporated local materials during emplacement. Evidence for extensive volcanic activity and aqueous alteration in the Inner Basin is also detailed, including discovery and characterization of accretionary lapilli and formation of sulfate, silica, and hematite‐rich deposits. Use of Spirit's data to understand the range of spectral signatures observed over the Columbia Hills by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer (CRISM) hyperspectral imager (0.4–4 μm) is summarized. We show that CRISM spectra are controlled by the proportion of ferric‐rich dust to ferrous‐bearing igneous minerals exposed in ripples and other wind‐blown deposits. The evidence for aqueous alteration derived from Spirit's data is associated with outcrops that are too small to be detected from orbital observations or with materials exposed from the shallow subsurface during rover activities. Although orbital observations show many other locations on Mars with evidence for minerals formed or altered in an aqueous environment, Spirit's data imply that the older crust of Mars has been altered even more extensively than evident from orbital data. This result greatly increases the potential that the surface or shallow subsurface was once a habitable regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003183","usgsCitation":"Arvidson, R., Ruff, S.W., Morris, R., Ming, D.W., Crumpler, L., Yen, A.S., Squyres, S.W., Sullivan, R., Bell, J., Cabrol, N., Clark, B.C., Farrand, W.H., Gellert, R., Greenberger, R., Grant, J.A., Guinness, E., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J.R., Klingelhoefer, G., Lewis, K.W., Li, R., McCoy, T., Moersch, J., McSween, H., Murchie, S., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, C., Wang, A., Wiseman, S., Madsen, M., Goetz, W., and McLennan, S.M., 2008, Spirit Mars Rover Mission to the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater: Mission overview and selected results from the Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. E12, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003183.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129772","text":"External Repository"},{"id":359703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"113","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfe65e4e4b0815414ca6105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":173327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27209,"text":"NASA Johnson Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crumpler, L.S.","contributorId":81575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yen, A. S.","contributorId":35860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":172124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cabrol, N.A.","contributorId":65208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabrol","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clark, B. C.","contributorId":39918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gellert, R.","contributorId":167508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24733,"text":"Department of Physics, University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Greenberger, R.","contributorId":69697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberger","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Grant, J. A.","contributorId":28334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Guinness, E.A.","contributorId":78070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinness","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hurowitz, J.A.","contributorId":10994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurowitz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Klingelhoefer, G.","contributorId":29177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhoefer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lewis, K. W.","contributorId":172656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7166,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Li, R.","contributorId":210845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"McCoy, T.J.","contributorId":84883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Moersch, J.","contributorId":66445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moersch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"McSween, H.Y.","contributorId":64370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSween","given":"H.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Schmidt, M.","contributorId":11746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Schroeder, Christian","contributorId":84884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Wiseman, S.","contributorId":40711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiseman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Madsen, M.B.","contributorId":196208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27198,"text":"Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Goetz, W.","contributorId":181929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetz","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33}]}} ,{"id":97099,"text":"sim3048 - 2008 - Gulf of Mexico region — Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:46:29.068858","indexId":"sim3048","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3048","title":"Gulf of Mexico region — Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data","docAbstract":"In support of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) disaster preparedness efforts, this map depicts a color shaded relief representation of the area surrounding the Gulf of Mexico. The first 30 feet of relief above mean sea level are displayed as brightly colored 5-foot elevation bands, which highlight low-elevation areas at a coarse spatial resolution. Standard USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 arc-second (nominally 30-meter) digital elevation model (DEM) data are the basis for the map, which is designed to be used at a broad scale and for informational purposes only. \r\n\r\nThe NED data were derived from the original 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic map bare-earth contours, which were converted into gridded quadrangle-based DEM tiles at a constant post spacing (grid cell size) of either 30 meters (data before the mid-1990s data) or 10 meters (mid-1990s and later data). These individual-quadrangle DEMs were then converted to spherical coordinates (latitude/longitude decimal degrees) and edge-matched to ensure seamlessness. Approximately one-half of the area shown on this map has DEM source data at a 30-meter resolution, with the remaining half consisting of 10-meter contour-derived DEM data or higher-resolution LIDAR data.\r\n\r\nAreas below sea level typically are surrounded by levees or some other type of flood-control structures.\r\n\r\nState and county boundary, hydrography, city, and road layers were modified from USGS National Atlas data downloaded in 2003. The NED data were downloaded in 2005.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3048","usgsCitation":"Kosovich, J.J., 2008, Gulf of Mexico region — Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3048, 1 Plate: 56 x 34 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3048.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 56 x 34 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":176,"text":"Central Region Geospatial Information Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394795,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96746.htm"}],"scale":"1350000","projection":"Albers Conic Equal Area","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.9594,\n 23.8147\n ],\n [\n -79.2531,\n 23.8147\n ],\n [\n -79.2531,\n 32.4628\n ],\n [\n -99.9594,\n 32.4628\n ],\n [\n -99.9594,\n 23.8147\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kosovich, John J. 0000-0002-3795-4436 jjkosovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-4436","contributorId":1470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosovich","given":"John","email":"jjkosovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97113,"text":"ds69M - 2008 - Jurassic-Cretaceous Composite Total Petroleum System and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources of the North Cuba Basin, Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"ds69M","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"M","title":"Jurassic-Cretaceous Composite Total Petroleum System and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources of the North Cuba Basin, Cuba","docAbstract":"The purpose of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) World Oil and Gas Assessment is to develop geologically based hypotheses regarding the potential for additions to oil and gas reserves in priority areas of the world. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the North Cuba Basin.\r\n\r\nThe assessment is based on the geologic elements of the total petroleum system (TPS) defined in the province, including petroleum source rocks (source-rock maturation, generation, and migration), reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical properties), and petroleum traps (Trap formation and timing). Using this geologic framework, the USGS defined a Jurassic-Cretaceous Total Petroleum System in the North Cuba Basin Province. Within this TPS, three assessment units were defined and assessed for undiscovered oil and gas resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"World Petroleum Resources Project","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds69M","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey North Cuba Basin Assessment Team, 2008, Jurassic-Cretaceous Composite Total Petroleum System and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources of the North Cuba Basin, Cuba: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69M.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-m/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey North Cuba Basin Assessment Team","contributorId":128279,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey North Cuba Basin Assessment Team","id":535005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97111,"text":"sir20085179 - 2008 - Precipitation, Ground-water Hydrology, and Recharge Along the Eastern Slopes of the Sandia Mountains, Bernalillo County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20085179","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5179","title":"Precipitation, Ground-water Hydrology, and Recharge Along the Eastern Slopes of the Sandia Mountains, Bernalillo County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The spatial and temporal distribution of recharge to carbonate and clastic aquifers along the eastern slopes of the Sandia Mountains was investigated by using precipitation, water-level, dissolved chloride, and specific-conductance data. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bernalillo County Public Works Division, conducted a study to assess ground-water conditions and provide technical data that could be used as a basis for management and future planning of eastern Bernalillo County water resources. The intent of the investigation was to improve the current understanding of subsurface mechanisms controlling recharge dynamics in a geologically complex aquifer system. In the Sandia Mountains, precipitation events are generally limited to snowfalls in winter months and monsoon rainfall in late summer. Monthly meteorological data from weather stations in the study area indicate that monsoon rainfall during July and August constitutes close to one-third of annual precipitation totals. Following precipitation and snowmelt events, daily ground-water level data show low-amplitude, long-duration peaks in hydrographs of wells north and west of the Tijeras Fault. Hydrographs of monthly and biannual water-level data from across the study area show seasonal variation and water-level fluctuations in excess of 30 ft during a period of below-average precipitation. Water level observations in 67 percent of wells showing drought-induced water-level declines rebounded to at or near predrought conditions within 6 months of return to normal climate conditions. Cross-correlation of annual hydrologic data shows aquifer response to periods of monsoon recharge to persist from 1 to 6 months following events. The lag time between precipitation input and response of water levels or solute concentrations was largest near the Tijeras and Gutierrez Faults. These results indicate regional faults hydrologically isolate the Tijeras Graben from groundwater recharge originating at high elevations along the eastern slopes of the Sandia Mountains. Recharge rates calculated by using the chloride-mass-balance method for five springs located at the base of the Sandia Mountains ranged from 1 to 23 percent of annual precipitation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bernalillo County Public Works Division","usgsCitation":"McCoy, K.J., and Blanchard, P.J., 2008, Precipitation, Ground-water Hydrology, and Recharge Along the Eastern Slopes of the Sandia Mountains, Bernalillo County, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5179, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085179.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12093,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.5,34.833333333333336 ], [ -106.5,35.25 ], [ -106.08333333333333,35.25 ], [ -106.08333333333333,34.833333333333336 ], [ -106.5,34.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db68076f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, Kurt J. 0000-0002-9756-8238 kjmccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9756-8238","contributorId":1391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Kurt","email":"kjmccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, Paul J.","contributorId":24388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97110,"text":"sir20085119 - 2008 - Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharge and Maximum Observed Peak Discharge in New Mexico and Surrounding Areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20085119","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5119","title":"Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharge and Maximum Observed Peak Discharge in New Mexico and Surrounding Areas","docAbstract":"Estimates of the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges are necessary for the reliable design of bridges, culverts, and open-channel hydraulic analysis, and for flood-hazard mapping in New Mexico and surrounding areas. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Department of Transportation, updated estimates of peak-discharge magnitude for gaging stations in the region and updated regional equations for estimation of peak discharge and frequency at ungaged sites.\r\n\r\nEquations were developed for estimating the magnitude of peak discharges for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years at ungaged sites by use of data collected through 2004 for 293 gaging stations on unregulated streams that have 10 or more years of record.\r\n\r\nPeak discharges for selected recurrence intervals were determined at gaging stations by fitting observed data to a log-Pearson Type III distribution with adjustments for a low-discharge threshold and a zero skew coefficient. A low-discharge threshold was applied to frequency analysis of 140 of the 293 gaging stations. This application provides an improved fit of the log-Pearson Type III frequency distribution. Use of the low-discharge threshold generally eliminated the peak discharge by having a recurrence interval of less than 1.4 years in the probability-density function.\r\n\r\nWithin each of the nine regions, logarithms of the maximum peak discharges for selected recurrence intervals were related to logarithms of basin and climatic characteristics by using stepwise ordinary least-squares regression techniques for exploratory data analysis. Generalized least-squares regression techniques, an improved regression procedure that accounts for time and spatial sampling errors, then were applied to the same data used in the ordinary least-squares regression analyses. The average standard error of prediction, which includes average sampling error and average standard error of regression, ranged from 38 to 93 percent (mean value is 62, and median value is 59) for the 100-year flood. The 1996 investigation standard error of prediction for the flood regions ranged from 41 to 96 percent (mean value is 67, and median value is 68) for the 100-year flood that was analyzed by using generalized least-squares regression analysis. Overall, the equations based on generalized least-squares regression techniques are more reliable than those in the 1996 report because of the increased length of record and improved geographic information system (GIS) method to determine basin and climatic characteristics.\r\n\r\nFlood-frequency estimates can be made for ungaged sites upstream or downstream from gaging stations by using a method that transfers flood-frequency data at the gaging station to the ungaged site by using a drainage-area ratio adjustment equation. The peak discharge for a given recurrence interval at the gaging station, drainage-area ratio, and the drainage-area exponent from the regional regression equation of the respective region is used to transfer the peak discharge for the recurrence interval to the ungaged site.\r\n\r\nMaximum observed peak discharge as related to drainage area was determined for New Mexico. Extreme events are commonly used in the design and appraisal of bridge crossings and other structures. Bridge-scour evaluations are commonly made by using the 500-year peak discharge for these appraisals. Peak-discharge data collected at 293 gaging stations and 367 miscellaneous sites were used to develop a maximum peak-discharge relation as an alternative method of estimating peak discharge of an extreme event such as a maximum probable flood.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S.D., 2008, Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharge and Maximum Observed Peak Discharge in New Mexico and Surrounding Areas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5119, iv, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085119.","productDescription":"iv, 106 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5119.jpg"},{"id":12092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,31 ], [ -115,41 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -102,31 ], [ -115,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, Scott D.","contributorId":101709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97107,"text":"ofr20081326 - 2008 - EAARL topography-Colonial National Historical Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T17:17:52.361806","indexId":"ofr20081326","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1326","title":"EAARL topography-Colonial National Historical Park","docAbstract":"These Lidar-derived topography maps were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC) St. Petersburg, the National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring Program, Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility. One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs, barrier islands, and various nearshore coastal environments for the purposes of geomorphic change studies, habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment. As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring subaerial and submarine topography wthin cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to coastal resource managers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081326","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Nayegandhi, A., Stevens, S., and Travers, L.J., 2008, EAARL topography-Colonial National Historical Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1326, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081326.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12088,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"English","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Colonial National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.58878330453562,\n 37.24480367084047\n ],\n [\n -76.58878330453562,\n 37.12472798288427\n ],\n [\n -76.44053594987184,\n 37.12472798288427\n ],\n [\n -76.44053594987184,\n 37.24480367084047\n ],\n [\n -76.58878330453562,\n 37.24480367084047\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62d556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Sara","contributorId":104015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Travers, Laurinda J. ltravers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travers","given":"Laurinda","email":"ltravers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97103,"text":"ds382 - 2008 - Radionuclide Data and Calculations and Loss-On-Ignition, X-Ray Fluorescence, and ICP-AES Data from Cores in Catchments of the Animas River, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ds382","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"382","title":"Radionuclide Data and Calculations and Loss-On-Ignition, X-Ray Fluorescence, and ICP-AES Data from Cores in Catchments of the Animas River, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Interior Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) Initiative is focused on the evaluation of the effect of past mining practices on the water quality and the riparian and aquatic habitats of impacted stream reaches downstream from historical mining districts located primarily on Federal lands. This problem is manifest in the eleven western states (west of longitude 102 degrees) where the majority of hardrock mines that had past production are located on Federal lands. In areas of temperate climate and moderate to heavy precipitation, the effects of rapid chemical and physical weathering of sulfides exposed on mine-waste dumps and acidic drainage from mines have resulted in elevated metal concentrations in the stream water and stream-bed sediment. The result of these mineral weathering processes has an unquantified impact on the quality of the water and the aquatic and riparian habitats that may limit their recreational resource value. One of the confounding factors in these studies is the determination of the component of metals derived from hydrothermally altered but unmined portions of these drainage basins. \r\n\r\nSeveral watersheds have been studied to evaluate the effects of acid mine drainage and acid rock drainage on the near-surface environment. The Animas River watershed in southwestern Colorado contains a large number of past-producing metal mines that have affected the watershed. Beginning in October 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a collaborative study of these effects under the USGS-AML Initiative. In this report, we present the radionuclide and geochemical analytical results of sediment coring during 1997-1999 from two cores from oxbow lakes 0.5 mi. upstream from the 32nd Street Bridge near Durango, Colo., and from three cores from beaver ponds within the Mineral Creek drainage basin near Silverton, Colo.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds382","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Rice, C.A., and Marot, M.E., 2008, Radionuclide Data and Calculations and Loss-On-Ignition, X-Ray Fluorescence, and ICP-AES Data from Cores in Catchments of the Animas River, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 382, Report: iv, 20 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds382.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":169,"text":"Central Mineral Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12084,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/382/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649af7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Cyndi A.","contributorId":31080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Cyndi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marot, Marci E. 0000-0003-0504-315X mmarot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":2078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"mmarot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97101,"text":"sim3050 - 2008 - State of Texas - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:00:50","indexId":"sim3050","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3050","title":"State of Texas - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data","docAbstract":"In support of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) disaster preparedness efforts, this map depicts a color shaded relief representation of Texas and a grayscale relief of the surrounding areas. The first 30 feet of relief above mean sea level are displayed as brightly colored 5-foot elevation bands, which highlight low-elevation areas at a coarse spatial resolution. Standard USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 arc-second (nominally 30-meter) digital elevation model (DEM) data are the basis for the map, which is designed to be used at a broad scale and for informational purposes only.\r\n\r\nThe NED data were derived from the original 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic map bare-earth contours, which were converted into gridded quadrangle-based DEM tiles at a constant post spacing (grid cell size) of either 30 meters (data before the mid-1990s) or 10 meters (mid-1990s and later data). These individual-quadrangle DEMs were then converted to spherical coordinates (latitude/longitude decimal degrees) and edge-matched to ensure seamlessness. The NED source data for this map consists of a mixture of 30-meter- and 10-meter-resolution DEMs.\r\n\r\nState and county boundary, hydrography, city, and road layers were modified from USGS National Atlas data downloaded in 2003. The NED data were downloaded in 2002. Shaded relief over Mexico was obtained from the USGS National Atlas.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3050","usgsCitation":"Kosovich, J.J., 2008, State of Texas - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3050, Map Sheet: 39 x 35 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3050.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 39 x 35 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":176,"text":"Central Region Geospatial Information Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12082,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"700000","projection":"Albers Conic Equal Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,25.5 ], [ -107.5,36.5 ], [ -92.75,36.5 ], [ -92.75,25.5 ], [ -107.5,25.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kosovich, John J. 0000-0002-3795-4436 jjkosovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-4436","contributorId":1470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosovich","given":"John","email":"jjkosovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97100,"text":"sim3049 - 2008 - State of Louisiana - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:01:42","indexId":"sim3049","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3049","title":"State of Louisiana - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data","docAbstract":"In support of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) disaster preparedness efforts, this map depicts a color shaded relief representation highlighting the State of Louisiana and depicts the surrounding areas using muted elevation colors. The first 30 feet of relief above mean sea level are displayed as brightly colored 5-foot elevation bands, which highlight low-elevation areas at a coarse spatial resolution. Areas below sea level typically are surrounded by levees or some other type of flood-control structures. Standard USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 arc-second (nominally 30-meter) digital elevation model (DEM) data are the basis for the map, which is designed to be used at a broad scale and for informational purposes only.\r\n\r\nThe NED data are a mixture of data and were derived from the original 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic map bare-earth contours, which were converted into gridded quadrangle-based DEM tiles at a constant post spacing (grid cell size) of either 30 meters (data before the mid-1990s) or 10 meters (mid-1990s and later data). These individual-quadrangle DEMs were then converted to spherical coordinates (latitude/longitude decimal degrees) and edge-matched to ensure seamlessness. Approximately one-half of the area shown on this map has DEM source data at a 30-meter resolution, with the remaining half consisting of mostly 10-meter contour-derived DEM data and some small areas of higher-resolution LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) data along parts of the coastline.\r\n\r\nAreas below sea level typically are surrounded by levees or some other type of flood-control structures.\r\n\r\nState and parish boundary, hydrography, city, and road layers were modified from USGS National Atlas data downloaded in 2003. The NED data were downloaded in 2007.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3049","usgsCitation":"Kosovich, J.J., 2008, State of Louisiana - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3049, Map Sheet: 40 x 33 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3049.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 40 x 33 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":176,"text":"Central Region Geospatial Information Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12081,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"700000","projection":"Albers Conic Equal Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.25,28.916666666666668 ], [ -94.25,33.083333333333336 ], [ -88.5,33.083333333333336 ], [ -88.5,28.916666666666668 ], [ -94.25,28.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kosovich, John J. 0000-0002-3795-4436 jjkosovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-4436","contributorId":1470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosovich","given":"John","email":"jjkosovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97098,"text":"sim3047 - 2008 - State of Florida 1:24,000- and 1:100,000-scale quadrangle index map - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T11:03:54","indexId":"sim3047","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3047","title":"State of Florida 1:24,000- and 1:100,000-scale quadrangle index map - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Models","docAbstract":"In support of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) disaster preparedness efforts, this map depicts 1:24,000- and 1:100,000-scale quadrangle footprints over a color shaded relief representation of the State of Florida. The first 30 feet of relief above mean sea level are displayed as brightly colored 5-foot elevation bands, which highlight low-elevation areas at a coarse spatial resolution. Standard USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 arc-second (nominally 30-meter) digital elevation model (DEM) data are the basis for the map, which is designed to be used at a broad scale and for informational purposes only.\r\n\r\nThe NED source data for this map consists of a mixture of 30-meter- and 10-meter-resolution DEMs. The NED data were derived from the original 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic map bare-earth contours, which were converted into gridded quadrangle-based DEM tiles at a constant post spacing (grid cell size) of either 30 meters (data before the mid-1990s) or 10 meters (mid-1990s and later data). These individual-quadrangle DEMs were then converted to spherical coordinates (latitude/longitude decimal degrees) and edge-matched to ensure seamlessness. \r\n\r\nFigure 1 shows a similar representation for the entire U.S. Gulf Coast, using coarsened 30-meter NED data. Areas below sea level typically are surrounded by levees or some other type of flood-control structures.\r\n\r\nState and county boundary, hydrography, city, and road layers were modified from USGS National Atlas data downloaded in 2003. Quadrangle names, dated April, 2006, were obtained from the Federal Geographic Names Information System. The NED data were downloaded in 2004.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3047","usgsCitation":"Kosovich, J.J., 2008, State of Florida 1:24,000- and 1:100,000-scale quadrangle index map - Highlighting low-lying areas derived from USGS Digital Elevation Models (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3047, Map Sheet: 39 x 38 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3047.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 39 x 38 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":176,"text":"Central Region Geospatial Information Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12079,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,24 ], [ -88,31.25 ], [ -80,31.25 ], [ -80,24 ], [ -88,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kosovich, John J. 0000-0002-3795-4436 jjkosovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-4436","contributorId":1470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosovich","given":"John","email":"jjkosovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97097,"text":"tm7B1 - 2008 - Secure Web-Site Access with Tickets and Message-Dependent Digests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:09","indexId":"tm7B1","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-B1","title":"Secure Web-Site Access with Tickets and Message-Dependent Digests","docAbstract":"Although there are various methods for restricting access to documents stored on a World Wide Web (WWW) site (a Web site), none of the widely used methods is completely suitable for restricting access to Web applications hosted on an otherwise publicly accessible Web site. A new technique, however, provides a mix of features well suited for restricting Web-site or Web-application access to authorized users, including the following: secure user authentication, tamper-resistant sessions, simple access to user state variables by server-side applications, and clean session terminations. This technique, called message-dependent digests with tickets, or MDDT, maintains secure user sessions by passing single-use nonces (tickets) and message-dependent digests of user credentials back and forth between client and server. Appendix 2 provides a working implementation of MDDT with PHP server-side code and JavaScript client-side code.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 1 of Book 7, Automated Data Processing and Computations, Section B, Web Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm7B1","usgsCitation":"Donato, D.I., 2008, Secure Web-Site Access with Tickets and Message-Dependent Digests: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 7-B1, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7B1.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12078,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm7b1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, David I. 0000-0002-5412-0249 didonato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-0249","contributorId":2234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"David","email":"didonato@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97096,"text":"ds358 - 2008 - Surface-Water Exchange through Culverts beneath State Road 9336 within Everglades National Park, 2004-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ds358","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"358","title":"Surface-Water Exchange through Culverts beneath State Road 9336 within Everglades National Park, 2004-05","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected hydrologic data between June 2004 and December 2005 to investigate the temporal and spatial nature of flow exchanges through culverts beneath State Road 9336 within Everglades National Park. Continuous data collected during the study measured flow velocity, water level, salinity, conductivity, and water-temperature in or near seven culverts between Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road and Nine Mile Pond. The two culverts east of Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road flowed into Taylor Slough Basin from 87 to 96 percent of the study period, whereas flows through five culverts between Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road and Nine Mile Pond flowed into Shark River Slough Basin from 70 to 99 percent of the study period. Synoptic flow discharges measured at all culverts during three intensive field efforts revealed a net discharge into Taylor Slough Basin from Shark River Slough Basin through culverts between Royal Palm Road and Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road, and into Shark River Slough Basin from Taylor Slough Basin through culverts between Pa-hay-okee Overlook access road and Nine Mile Pond. Data collected during the study and presented in this report provided additional knowledge of the magnitude, direction, and nature of flow exchanges through the road culverts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds358","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Sciences and the National Research Programs; Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District and the Everglades National Park","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., Stewart, M.A., and Nowacki, D.J., 2008, Surface-Water Exchange through Culverts beneath State Road 9336 within Everglades National Park, 2004-05: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 358, Report: vi, 21 p.; Appendix Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds358.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; Appendix Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-06-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12077,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/358/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,25.083333333333332 ], [ -81,25.583333333333332 ], [ -80.5,25.583333333333332 ], [ -80.5,25.083333333333332 ], [ -81,25.083333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Marc A. 0000-0003-1140-6316 mastewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1140-6316","contributorId":2277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Marc","email":"mastewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowacki, Daniel J. 0000-0002-7015-3710 dnowacki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3710","contributorId":69257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacki","given":"Daniel","email":"dnowacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97093,"text":"ofr20081318 - 2008 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2006 through September 2007) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T16:10:38","indexId":"ofr20081318","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1318","displayTitle":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2006 through September 2007) and Statistical Summaries of Long-Term Data for Streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2006 through September 2007) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to below Milltown Reservoir as part of a long-term monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork basin; additional water-quality samples were collected in the Clark Fork basin from sites near Milltown Reservoir downstream to near the confluence of the Clark Fork and Flathead River as part of a supplemental sampling program. The sampling programs were conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork basin of western Montana, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water-quality samples were collected periodically at 22 sites from October 2006 through September 2007. Bed-sediment and biological samples were collected once at 12 sites during August 2007.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at all long-term and supplemental monitoring sites from October 2006 through September 2007. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity was analyzed for samples collected at sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined. Nutrients also were analyzed in the supplemental water-quality samples. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites, and seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined for five sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of long-term water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081318","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2008, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2006 through September 2007) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1318, vi, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081318.","productDescription":"vi, 134 p.","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367521,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1318/pdf/ofr2008-1318.pdf"},{"id":12074,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,45.5 ], [ -115.5,48 ], [ -112,48 ], [ -112,45.5 ], [ -115.5,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}