Hurricane Florence made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, shortly after dawn on September 14, 2018. Once over land, the forward motion of the hurricane slowed to about 2 to 3 miles per hour. Over the next several days, the hurricane delivered historic amounts of rainfall across North and South Carolina, causing substantial flooding in many communities across both States. For the Hurricane Florence event, a new record rainfall total of 35.93 inches was set in Elizabethtown, N.C. Many other locations throughout North Carolina set new records for rainfall, exceeding the previous State record for rainfall from a tropical system of 24.06 inches, which was set over a 4-day period in Southport, N.C., during Hurricane Floyd in 1999. In South Carolina, the highest reported total rainfall of 23.63 inches was in Loris, S.C., which was the highest total rainfall in South Carolina from a tropical cyclone, replacing the previous total of 17.45 inches associated with Tropical Storm Beryl in 1994. During the October 2015 flood in South Carolina, a 4-day total rainfall of 26.88 inches was recorded in Mount Pleasant; however, because that total rainfall was a combination of a tropical storm system and another front that was centered over the State, it is not considered the largest rainfall event from a tropical storm.
Peak streamflow and stage data at 84 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gaging stations (referred to hereafter as streamgages) in North and South Carolina with at least 10 years of systematic record and for which the flooding following Hurricane Florence resulted in a peak in the top 5 for the period of record are included in this report. New peak streamflows of record were recorded at 18 sites in North Carolina and 10 sites in South Carolina. Another 49 streamgages recorded peak streamflows in the top 5 for their record (45 in North Carolina and 4 in South Carolina). Peak streamflow data following Hurricane Florence were not available for three additional streamgages prior to the publication of this report. Of those three streamgages, two recorded a new peak stage of record and one recorded the second highest peak stage of record. An additional four stage-only streamgages having at least 10 years of systematic record also had new peak stages (also referred to as gage height) of record. For 11 of the 28 streamgages for which the September 2018 peak streamflow was the peak of record, the October 2016 peak following Hurricane Matthew was the second largest peak, and for another four streamgages the September 1999 peak following Hurricane Floyd was the second largest peak.
For the 28 streamgages for which a new peak streamflow of record was recorded, a flood-frequency analysis was done using available systematic record through September 2017 and the peak streamflow from the Hurricane Florence event. Of the 28 streamgages analyzed, the estimated annual exceedance probability for the Hurricane Florence peak streamflow at 9 of the streamgages was less than 0.2 percent, which in terms of recurrence intervals is greater than a 500-year flood event. At three streamgages, the estimated annual exceedance probability was equal to 0.2 percent, and at six streamgages, it was between 0.2 and 1 percent (between a 500- and 100-year recurrence interval, respectively). For the remaining 10 streamgages, the estimated annual exceedance probability was between 1.5 and 7.1 percent, which in terms of recurrence intervals is approximately a 67- to 14-year event, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181172","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T.D., Weaver, J.C., Gotvald, A.J., and Kolb, K.R., 2018, Preliminary peak stage and streamflow data for selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging stations in North and South Carolina for flooding following Hurricane Florence, September 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1172, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181172.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102355","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358696,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1172/ofr20181172.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
Most approaches for assessing species vulnerability to climate change have focused on direct impacts via abiotic changes rather than indirect impacts mediated by changes in species interactions. Changes in rainfall regimes may influence species interactions from the bottom-up by increasing primary productivity in arid environments, but subsequently lead to less predictable top-down effects. Our study demonstrates how the effects of an EL Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven rainfall pulse ricochets along a chain of interactions between marine and terrestrial food webs, leading to enhanced predation of a vulnerable marine predator on its island breeding grounds. On Santa Barbara Island, barn owls (Tyto alba) are the main predator of a nocturnal seabird, the Scripps's murrelet (Synthliboramphus scrippsi), as well as an endemic deer mouse. We followed the links between rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index and subsequent peaks in mouse and owl abundance. After the mouse population declined steeply, there was approximately 15-fold increase in the number of murrelets killed by owls. We also simulated these dynamics with a mathematical model and demonstrate that bottom-up resource pulses can lead to subsequent declines in alternative prey. Our study highlights the need for understanding how species interactions will change with shifting rainfall patterns through the effects of ENSO under global change.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2018.1161","usgsCitation":"Thomsen, S., Mazurkiewicz, D.M., Stanley, T.R., and Green, D.J., 2018, El Niño/Southern Oscillation-driven rainfall pulse amplifies predation by owls on seabirds via apparent competition with mice: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 285, no. 1889, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1161.","ipdsId":"IP-096686","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.05437469482422,\n 33.46266623370559\n ],\n [\n -119.02261734008788,\n 33.46266623370559\n ],\n [\n -119.02261734008788,\n 33.48979984340796\n ],\n [\n -119.05437469482422,\n 33.48979984340796\n ],\n [\n -119.05437469482422,\n 33.46266623370559\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"285","issue":"1889","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be16511e4b0b3fc5cf3ffba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomsen, Sarah K.","contributorId":210436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomsen","given":"Sarah K.","affiliations":[{"id":36678,"text":"Simon Fraser University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazurkiewicz, David M.","contributorId":210437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazurkiewicz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, David J.","contributorId":210438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36678,"text":"Simon Fraser University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200034,"text":"ofr20181164 - 2018 - Mars global digital dune database (MGD3)—Composition, stability, and thermal inertia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T14:58:50","indexId":"ofr20181164","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-24T11:53:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1164","displayTitle":"Mars global digital dune database (MGD3)—Composition, stability, and thermal inertia","title":"Mars global digital dune database (MGD3)—Composition, stability, and thermal inertia","docAbstract":"The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) is an online repository that has catalogued dune fields larger than 1 km2 located between latitudes 90° N. and 90° S. The work presented here expands upon previous MGD3 open-file reports, with a new emphasis upon characterizing dune fields through composition, stability, and thermal inertia. Included in this latest addition is a detailed compositional analysis and the associated observational data from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) for dune fields 300 km2 or larger; a near-global dune stability assessment; Mars Odyssey (MO1) Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) apparent thermal inertia values; and vertical near-surface thermophysical heterogeneities determined by fitting a two-layer thermal model to observed temperatures. These additional datasets are divided into two workbooks: equatorial and south polar regions. A detailed description for the layout of these workbooks can be found in the corresponding metadata document. The continuing goal of the MGD3 is to provide a reliable and multifaceted repository of data for Mars’ dunes, with the intention that such data be easily accessible and useful to future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181164","usgsCitation":"Gullikson, A.L., Hayward, R.K., Titus, T.N., Charles, H., Fenton, L.K., Hoover, R., and Putzig, N.E., 2018, Mars global digital dune database (MGD3)—Composition, stability, and thermal inertia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1164, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181164.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendix 1; Dune Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097409","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1164/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1164/ofr20181164.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1164"},{"id":358709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1164/ofr20181164_appendix.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"603 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1164 Appendix","linkHelpText":"Graphs pertaining to the spectral glitch"},{"id":358710,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1164/ofr20181164_dunedatabase.zip","text":"Dune Database","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2018-1164 Database","linkHelpText":"Equatorial and South Polar Dune Databases and metadata"},{"id":358712,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101170","text":"Open-File Report 2010–1170 —","linkHelpText":"Mars Global Digital Dune Database: MC–1"},{"id":358711,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071158","text":"Open-File Report 2007–1158 —","linkHelpText":"Mars Global Digital Dune Database: MC2–MC29"},{"id":358713,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121259","text":"Open-File Report 2012–1259 —","linkHelpText":"Mars Global Digital Dune Database: MC–30"}],"contact":"Contact Astrogeology Research Program staff
Astrogeology Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
FAX 650-329-4936
The potential effect of cemetery leachate on groundwater quality in the United States has rarely been studied. Nutrients and other constituents associated with decomposition and burial processes (such as embalming) have the potential to reach shallow groundwater and could affect nearby drinking-water sources. The objective of this preliminary investigation was to evaluate the potential effect of cemetery leachate on shallow groundwater quality near Mt. Hope Cemetery in Ingham County, Lansing, Michigan, which is within the Well-head Protection Area for the City of Lansing. The constituents measured in this study include nutrients, trace metals, formaldehyde, fecal indicator bacteria, bacterial pathogen genes, contaminants of emerging concern (including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and wastewater indicator compounds), and age-dating compounds. Three monitoring wells were installed 7 to 12 feet below land surface downgradient from the cemetery and sampled quarterly for 1 year. A fourth well (Fenner) was sampled to determine groundwater conditions outside the potential effects of cemetery leachate; samples from this well were collected near the water table.
Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were present at higher concentrations in two of the three monitoring wells (wells C1 and C3) than in the Fenner well. Formaldehyde and pharmaceuticals were not detected in any of the wells; however, several trace metals, including arsenic, manganese, and aluminum, were present in high concentrations, with arsenic concentrations typically exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking-water standard. Several wastewater indicator compounds, including atrazine, phenol, p-cresol, camphor, and skatole, were detected in the monitoring wells. Microbial data indicate the presence of staphylococci, enterococci, and Escherichia coli (E. coli), with the highest concentrations being measured in the same two monitoring wells that exhibited elevated concentrations of nutrients in the groundwater (wells C1 and C3). Several bacterial pathogen genes were detected, including several Enterococcus species (spp.)—vanB (vancomycin-resistant enterococci), shiga-toxin-producing E. coli genes (including eaeA [attachment virulence trait] and stx1 [moderate toxin]), and the E. coli 16s ribosomal RNA (rDNA) gene ( E. coli species marker). These results were similar to results of studies conducted in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom, in which concentrations of bacteria, metals, and nutrients were elevated in groundwater near cemeteries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lansing Board of Water and Light and the Lansing Wellhead Protection Team","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Givens, C.E., Prokopec, J.G., and Hoard, C.J., 2018, Preliminary investigation of groundwater quality near a Michigan cemetery, 2016–17: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5120, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185120.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096238","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5120/sir20185120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.8 MB","description":"SIR 2018-5120"},{"id":358630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5120/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.52966690063477,\n 42.70460970722399\n ],\n [\n -84.51863765716553,\n 42.70460970722399\n ],\n [\n -84.51863765716553,\n 42.711862740860546\n ],\n [\n -84.52966690063477,\n 42.711862740860546\n ],\n [\n -84.52966690063477,\n 42.70460970722399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911
Many migratory bird species are declining, and the migratory period may limit populations because of the risk in traversing large geographical features during passage. Using automated radio-telemetry, we tracked 139 Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) departing coastal Alabama, USA and crossing the Gulf of Mexico to arrive in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico during autumn. We estimated apparent survival and examined how extrinsic (weather variables and day of year) and intrinsic (fat load, sex and age) factors influenced survival using a mark-recapture approach. We also examined how favourability of winds for crossing the Gulf varied over the past 25 years. Fat load, day of year and wind profit were important factors in predicting which individuals survived crossing the Gulf. Survival estimates varied with wind profit and fat, but generally, fat birds departing on days with favourable wind profits had an apparent survival probability of greater than 0.90, while lean individuals with no or negative wind profits had less than 0.33. The proportion of favourable nights varied within and among years, but has increased over the last 25 years. While conservation strategies cannot improve extrinsic factors, they can provide opportunities for birds to refuel before crossing large geographical features through protecting and creating high-quality stopover sites.
The aquaculture industry is growing rapidly to meet the needs for global protein consumption. Viral diseases in aquaculture are quite challenging due to lack of treatment options as well as limited injection-delivery vaccines, which are costly. Thus, water-immersion antiviral treatments are highly desirable. This study focused on broad-spectrum, light-activated antivirals that target the viral membrane (envelope) of viruses to prevent viral-cell membrane fusion, ultimately blocking viral entry into cells. Of the tested small-molecules, JL122, a new broad-spectrum antiviral previously unexplored against aquatic viruses, blocked infection of three aquatic rhabdoviruses (IHNV, VHSV and SVCV) in cell culture and in two live fish challenge models. Importantly, JL122 inhibited transmission of IHNV from infected to uninfected rainbow trout. Further, the effective antiviral concentrations were not toxic to cells or susceptible fish. These results show promise for JL122 to become an immersion treatment option for outbreaks of aquatic enveloped viral infections.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.009","usgsCitation":"Balmer, B.F., Getchell, R.G., Powers, R., Lee, J., Zhang, T., Jung, M.E., Purcell, M.K., Snekvik, K., and Aguilar, H.C., 2018, Broad-spectrum antiviral JL122 blocks infection and inhibits transmission of aquatic rhabdoviruses: Virology, v. 525, p. 143-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"149","ipdsId":"IP-097428","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10205048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"525","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balmer, Bethany F.","contributorId":190169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balmer","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Getchell, Rodman G.","contributorId":201129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Getchell","given":"Rodman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powers, Rachel L. 0000-0001-6901-4361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-4361","contributorId":190182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Rachel L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Jihye","contributorId":190171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Jihye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Tinghu","contributorId":210005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tinghu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jung, Michael E.","contributorId":190174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. 0000-0003-0154-8433 mpurcell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8433","contributorId":168475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snekvik, Kevin","contributorId":127574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snekvik","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7057,"text":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State Univeristy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aguilar, Hector C.","contributorId":190175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguilar","given":"Hector","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70200516,"text":"70200516 - 2018 - Methodology for correcting bottomhole temperatures acquired from wireline logging measurements in the onshore U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin to characterize the thermal regime of total petroleum systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:43:39","indexId":"70200516","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T10:43:36","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1717,"text":"GCAGS Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methodology for correcting bottomhole temperatures acquired from wireline logging measurements in the onshore U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin to characterize the thermal regime of total petroleum systems","docAbstract":"Characterization of the subsurface thermal regime is critical for understanding many facets of the petroleum system, from thermal maturation of organic-rich source rocks to thermal preservation and non-degradation of hydrocarbon accumulations. On a broad scale, paleo-heatflow has been mapped for the North American continent (Blackwell and Richards, 2004) as well as the contiguous United States (Blackwell et al., 2011). However, in situ reservoir temperature is a fundamental property (Cooper and Jones, 1959) that is difficult to accurately measure in the subsurface (Deming, 1989). Previous work has described the thermal regime of the offshore U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin (Waples et al., 2004; Forrest et al., 2005; Nagihara and Jones, 2005; Husson et al., 2008); however, due to the lack of an applicable bottomhole temperature (BHT) correction method, virgin rock temperatures of the onshore portion of the basin remains largely uncharacterized in a regional or subregional context.
The abundance of BHT measurements offers a useful way to characterize the subsurface thermal environment, provided that they are corrected to reflect the reservoir temperature. This study develops BHT correction methods that are specifically calibrated for the onshore U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin. These BHT corrections are empirically derived and are based on a newly compiled database of temperatures obtained from BHT wireline measurements and, to a lesser extent, from drill stem test (DST) data. The results of this investigation provide a unified BHT correction methodology for the onshore U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin as well as provide 12 distinct BHT correction equations for each of the 12 physiographic provinces within the onshore Gulf Coast region. This study also characterizes the geothermal gradient regime across the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast, which ranges from 1.89ºF/100 ft in Sabine Uplift area to 1.39ºF/100 ft in the Southern Louisiana Salt Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Burke, L.A., Pearson, O.N., Kinney, S.A., and Pitman, J.K., 2018, Methodology for correcting bottomhole temperatures acquired from wireline logging measurements in the onshore U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin to characterize the thermal regime of total petroleum systems: GCAGS Journal, v. 7, p. 93-106.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-088716","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358638,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gcags.org/Journal/GCAGS.Journal.Vol.7.html"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.00830078125,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -101.00830078125,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -101.00830078125,\n 25.720735134412106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri A. 0000-0002-2035-8048 lburke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":3859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","email":"lburke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, Ofori N. 0000-0002-9550-1128 opearson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-1128","contributorId":1680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Ofori","email":"opearson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinney, Scott A. 0000-0001-5008-5813 skinney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-5813","contributorId":1395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Scott","email":"skinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200517,"text":"70200517 - 2018 - Rebuttal to “The case of the Biscayne Bay and aquifer near Miami, Florida: density-driven flow of seawater or gravitationally driven discharge of deep saline groundwater?” by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:39:05","indexId":"70200517","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T10:38:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rebuttal to “The case of the Biscayne Bay and aquifer near Miami, Florida: density-driven flow of seawater or gravitationally driven discharge of deep saline groundwater?” by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16)","docAbstract":"A recent paper by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16) challenges the widely accepted interpretation of groundwater heads and salinities in the coastal Biscayne aquifer near Miami, Florida, USA. Weyer (2018) suggests that the body of saltwater that underlies fresh groundwater just inland of the coast is not a recirculating wedge of seawater, but results instead from upward migration of deep saline groundwater driven by regional flow. Perhaps more significantly, Weyer (2018) also asserts that established hydrologic theory is fundamentally incorrect with respect to buoyancy. Instead of acting along the direction of gravity (that is, vertically), Weyer (2018) claims, buoyancy acts instead along the direction of the pressure gradient. As a result, Weyer (2018) considers currently available density-dependent groundwater flow and transport modeling codes, and the analyses based on them, to be in error. In this rebuttal, we clarify the inaccuracies in the main points of Weyer’s (2018) paper. First, we explain that Weyer (2018) has misinterpreted observed equivalent freshwater heads in the Biscayne aquifer and that his alternative hypothesis concerning the source of the saltwater does not explain the observed salinities. Then, we review the established theory of buoyancy to identify the problem with Weyer’s (2018) alternative theory. Finally, we present theory and cite successful benchmark simulations to affirm the suitability of currently available codes for modeling density-dependent groundwater flow and transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5","usgsCitation":"Provost, A.M., Werner, A.D., Post, V.E., Michael, H.A., and Langevin, C.D., 2018, Rebuttal to “The case of the Biscayne Bay and aquifer near Miami, Florida: density-driven flow of seawater or gravitationally driven discharge of deep saline groundwater?” by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16): Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 77, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5.","productDescription":"Article 710; 6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-097832","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provost, Alden M. 0000-0002-4443-1107 aprovost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-1107","contributorId":138757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden","email":"aprovost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Adrian D.","contributorId":209967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38040,"text":"College of Science and Engineering, and National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, Vincent E. A.","contributorId":209968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":38041,"text":"College of Science and Engineering, and National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, Holly A.","contributorId":190224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200521,"text":"70200521 - 2018 - Growth and reproduction of Echeneis naucrates from the eastern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:36:22","indexId":"70200521","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T10:36:16","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Growth and reproduction of Echeneis naucrates from the eastern Gulf of Mexico","title":"Growth and reproduction of Echeneis naucrates from the eastern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This study describes growth and reproductive characteristics of a facultative elasmobranch symbiont, Echeneis naucrates. Females grew slower but achieved a larger size than males (growth coefficient, K = 0.25 and 0.38 year−1, and mean maximum size, L∞= 603 and 477 mm, respectively). Mean relative batch fecundity was 39.5 (s.d. = 13.1). Gonadosomatic indices peaked in July and August for males and females, respectively, with histology evidence of readiness to spawn or active spawning in August. Host‐symbiont length ratios increased linearly with sharksucker length (y = 0.0402 + 0.0003x, adjusted R2 = 0.56).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.13790","usgsCitation":"Bachman, B.A., Kraus, R.T., Peterson, C.T., Grubbs, R.D., and Peters, E.C., 2018, Growth and reproduction of Echeneis naucrates from the eastern Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 93, no. 4, p. 755-758, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13790.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"758","ipdsId":"IP-089953","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.39672851562499,\n 24.307053283225915\n ],\n [\n -80.079345703125,\n 24.307053283225915\n ],\n [\n -80.079345703125,\n 30.287531589298727\n ],\n [\n -85.39672851562499,\n 30.287531589298727\n ],\n [\n -85.39672851562499,\n 24.307053283225915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachman, Beverly A.","contributorId":209972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachman","given":"Beverly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Cheston T.","contributorId":209973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Cheston","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grubbs, Ralph Dean","contributorId":209974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grubbs","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peters, Esther C.","contributorId":209975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200531,"text":"70200531 - 2018 - Fire, vegetation, and Holocene climate in a southeastern Tibetan lake: a multi-biomarker reconstruction from Paru Co","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:33:20","indexId":"70200531","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T10:33:14","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1250,"text":"Climate of the Past","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire, vegetation, and Holocene climate in a southeastern Tibetan lake: a multi-biomarker reconstruction from Paru Co","docAbstract":"The fire history of the Tibetan Plateau over centennial to millennial timescales is not well known. Recent ice core studies reconstruct fire history over the past few decades but do not extend through the Holocene. Lacustrine sedimentary cores, however, can provide continuous records of local environmental change on millennial scales during the Holocene through the accumulation and preservation of specific organic molecular biomarkers. To reconstruct Holocene fire events and vegetation changes occurring on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas, we used a multi-proxy approach, investigating multiple biomarkers preserved in core sediment samples retrieved from Paru Co, a small lake located in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains (29°47′45.6′′N, 92°21′07.2′′E; 4845ma.s.l.). Biomarkers include n-alkanes as indicators of vegetation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as combustion proxies, fecal sterols and stanols (FeSts) as indicators of the presence of humans or grazing animals, and finally monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) as specific markers of vegetation burning processes. Insolation changes and the associated influence on the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) affect the vegetation distribution and fire types recorded in Paru Co throughout the Holocene. The early Holocene (10.7–7.5calkyrBP) n-alkane ratios demonstrate oscillations between grass and conifer communities, resulting in respective smouldering fires represented by levoglucosan peaks, and high-temperature fires represented by high-molecular-weight PAHs. Forest cover increases with a strengthened ISM, where coincident high levoglucosan to mannosan (L∕M) ratios are consistent with conifer burning. The decrease in the ISM at 4.2calkyrBP corresponds with the expansion of regional civilizations, although the lack of human FeSts above the method detection limits excludes local anthropogenic influence on fire and vegetation changes. The late Holocene is characterized by a relatively shallow lake surrounded by grassland, where all biomarkers other than PAHs display only minor variations. The sum of PAHs steadily increases throughout the late Holocene, suggesting a net increase in local to regional combustion that is separate from vegetation and climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geophysical Union (EGU)","doi":"10.5194/cp-14-1543-2018","usgsCitation":"Callergaro, A., Battistel, D., Kehrwald, N.M., Matsubara Pereira, F., Kirchgeorg, T., Villoslada Hidalgo, M.D., Bird, B.W., and Barbante, C., 2018, Fire, vegetation, and Holocene climate in a southeastern Tibetan lake: a multi-biomarker reconstruction from Paru Co: Climate of the Past, v. 14, p. 1543-1563, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1543-2018.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1543","endPage":"1563","ipdsId":"IP-095796","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1543-2018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","volume":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a918e4b034bf6a7e4f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callergaro, Alice","contributorId":209978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callergaro","given":"Alice","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38042,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battistel, Dario","contributorId":205865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battistel","given":"Dario","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37181,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kehrwald, Natalie M. 0000-0002-9160-2239 nkehrwald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2239","contributorId":168918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kehrwald","given":"Natalie","email":"nkehrwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matsubara Pereira, Felipe","contributorId":209979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matsubara Pereira","given":"Felipe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38042,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirchgeorg, Torben","contributorId":207234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirchgeorg","given":"Torben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37489,"text":"University of Venice, Ca' Foscari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villoslada Hidalgo, Maria del Carmen","contributorId":209981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villoslada Hidalgo","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"del Carmen","affiliations":[{"id":38042,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bird, Broxton W.","contributorId":209980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"Broxton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38043,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barbante, Carlo","contributorId":202632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbante","given":"Carlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36503,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Infomatics, and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70200514,"text":"70200514 - 2018 - The Global food‐energy‐water nexus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:25:17","indexId":"70200514","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T10:24:51","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Global food‐energy‐water nexus","docAbstract":"Water availability is a major factor constraining humanity's ability to meet the future food and energy needs of a growing and increasingly affluent human population. Water plays an important role in the production of energy, including renewable energy sources and the extraction of unconventional fossil fuels that are expected to become important players in future energy security. The emergent competition for water between the food and energy systems is increasingly recognized in the concept of the “food‐energy‐water nexus.” The nexus between food and water is made even more complex by the globalization of agriculture and rapid growth in food trade, which results in a massive virtual transfer of water among regions and plays an important role in the food and water security of some regions. This review explores multiple components of the food‐energy‐water nexus and highlights possible approaches that could be used to meet food and energy security with the limited renewable water resources of the planet. Despite clear tensions inherent in meeting the growing and changing demand for food and energy in the 21st century, the inherent linkages among food, water, and energy systems can offer an opportunity for synergistic strategies aimed at resilient food, water, and energy security, such as the circular economy.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2017RG000591","usgsCitation":"D’Odorico, P., Frankel Davis, K., Rosa, L., Carr, J., Chiarelli, D., Dell’Angelo, J., Gephart, J., MacDonald, G.K., Seekell, D.A., Suweis, S., and Rulli, M.C., 2018, The Global food‐energy‐water nexus: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 56, no. 3, p. 456-531, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017RG000591.","productDescription":"76 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-092202","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017rg000591","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a918e4b034bf6a7e4f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Odorico, Paolo","contributorId":209957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Odorico","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel Davis, Kyle","contributorId":209958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frankel Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosa, Lorenzo","contributorId":209959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosa","given":"Lorenzo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Joel A. 0000-0002-9164-4156 jcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-4156","contributorId":168645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Joel A.","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiarelli, Davide","contributorId":209960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiarelli","given":"Davide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38036,"text":"Politecnico di Milano","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dell’Angelo, Jampel","contributorId":209961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dell’Angelo","given":"Jampel","affiliations":[{"id":38037,"text":"VA University, Amsterdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gephart, Jessica","contributorId":209962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gephart","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":38038,"text":"SESYNC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacDonald, Graham K.","contributorId":209963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seekell, David A.","contributorId":209964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seekell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37952,"text":"Umeå University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Suweis, Samir","contributorId":209965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suweis","given":"Samir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38039,"text":"University of Padova","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rulli, Maria Cristina","contributorId":209966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rulli","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Cristina","affiliations":[{"id":38036,"text":"Politecnico di Milano","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70200726,"text":"70200726 - 2018 - Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T09:35:51","indexId":"70200726","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T09:59:35","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife","docAbstract":"1.Better understanding human‐wildlife interactions and their links with management can help improve the design of wildlife protection zones. One example is the problem of wildlife collisions with vehicles or human‐built structures (e.g. power lines, wind farms). In fact, collisions between marine wildlife and watercraft are among the major threats faced by several endangered species of marine mammals. Natural resource managers are therefore interested in finding cost‐effective solutions to mitigate these threats.
2.We combined abundance estimators with encounter rate theory to estimate relative lethal collision risk of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from watercraft. We first modeled seasonal abundance of watercraft and manatees using a Bayesian analysis of aerial survey count data. We then modeled relative lethal collision risk in space and across seasons. Finally, we applied decision analysis and Linear Integer Programming to determine the optimal design of speed zones in terms of relative risk to manatees and costs to waterway users. We used a Pareto efficient frontier approach to evaluate the performance of alternative zones, which included additional practical considerations (e.g. spatial aggregation of speed zones) in relation to the optimal zone configurations.
3.Under the various relationships for probability of death given strike speed that we considered, the current speed zones reduced the relative lethal collision risk by an average of 51.5% to 70% compared to the scenario in which all speed regulations were removed (i.e. the no‐protection scenario). We identified optimal zones and near‐optimal zones with additional management considerations that improved upon the current zones in terms of cost or relative risk.
4.Policy Implications: Our analytical framework combines encounter rate theory and decision analysis to quantify the effectiveness of speed zones protecting manatees while accounting for uncertainty. Our approach can be used to optimize the design of protection zones intended to reduce conflicts between human waterborne activity and marine mammals. This framework could be extended to address many other problems of human‐wildlife interactions, such as the optimal placement of wind farms to minimize collisions with wildlife or the optimal allocation of ranger effort to mitigate poaching threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.13290","usgsCitation":"Udell, B., Martin, J., Fletcher, R., Bonneau, M., Edwards, H.H., Gowan, T., Hardy, S.K., Gurarie, E., Calleson, C., and Deutsch, C., 2018, Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 56, no. 5, p. 1050-1062, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13290.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1050","endPage":"1062","ipdsId":"IP-084422","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bee93e4e4b08f163c24a1b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udell, B.J.","contributorId":210251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Udell","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, R.J.","contributorId":210252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonneau, Mathieu","contributorId":150041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonneau","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Holly H.","contributorId":66419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gowan, T.","contributorId":210253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardy, Stacie K.","contributorId":210254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":210255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38092,"text":"UMD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Calleson, C.S.","contributorId":210257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calleson","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deutsch, C.J.","contributorId":210256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70223343,"text":"70223343 - 2018 - Novel landscape elements within natural gas fields increase densities but not fitness of an important songbird nest predator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T13:02:47.23401","indexId":"70223343","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T08:00:48","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel landscape elements within natural gas fields increase densities but not fitness of an important songbird nest predator","docAbstract":"Identifying the elements within human-altered landscapes most associated with population and community changes is critical for conservation and management of sensitive species. We investigated which features of habitat change from natural gas development best explained the density of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), an important nest predator of declining sagebrush-obligate songbirds. During 2014–2016, we quantified the spatial extent of habitat change (well pads, roads, and reclaimed areas [i.e., reseeded soils]) surrounding 12 sites spanning two natural gas fields in Wyoming, USA. We further tested whether the altered plant communities within reclaimed areas provided benefits to deer mice, by assessing multiple fitness indices. Deer mouse density increased with surrounding reclaimed area. Powder tracking and dietary analyses confirmed that mice moved through and consumed plant species found exclusively within reclaimed areas. Concomitant fitness metrics of mice, however, were neutrally or negatively related to the amount of surrounding reclaimed area. Mice therefore did not derive any apparent fitness benefits associated with living near reclaimed areas, despite the presence of novel food resources, indicating that increased abundance may be a product of mice dispersing toward reseeded soils. Our study contributes mechanistic insights into the complexities of how human-induced changes to landscapes can influence community dynamics. Minimizing total habitat disturbed during construction, expediting reclamation practices, and using only native and regionally-local seed mixes would likely help minimize increases in synanthropic rodent predators within energy fields. More efficient restoration of disturbed habitat, moreover, may help ameliorate altered predator-prey relationships that affect the success of sensitive species.
Objectively delimiting species boundaries remains an important challenge in systematics and becomes urgent when unresolved taxonomy complicates conservation and recovery efforts. We examined species boundaries in the imperiled freshwater mussel genus Cyclonaias(Bivalvia: Unionidae) using morphometrics, molecular phylogenetics, and multispecies coalescent models to help guide pending conservation assessments and legislative decisions. Congruence across multiple lines of evidence indicated that current taxonomy overestimates diversity in the C. pustulosa species complex. The only genetically and morphologically diagnosable species in the C. pustulosa species complex were C. pustulosa and C. succissa and we consider C. aurea, C. houstonensis, C. mortoni, and C. refulgens to be synonyms of C. pustulosa. In contrast, all three species in the C. nodulata complex (C. necki, C. nodulata, and C. petrina) were genetically, geographically, and morphologically diagnosable. Our findings have important conservation and management implications, as three nominal species (C. aurea, C. houstonensis, and C. petrina) are being considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-33806-z","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.A., Smith, C., Pfeiffer, J., Randklev, C., Williams, J.D., and Austin, J.D., 2018, Integrative taxonomy resolves taxonomic uncertainty for freshwater mussels being considered for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Scientific Reports, v. 8, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33806-z.","productDescription":"15892; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-096998","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33806-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SRSHV2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Molecular and morphological data on two species complexes in the freshwater mussel genus Cyclonaias"},{"id":359047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a919e4b034bf6a7e4fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988 najohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":4175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","email":"najohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Chase H. 0000-0002-1499-0311","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-0311","contributorId":206797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Chase H.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":750465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeiffer, John M.","contributorId":202521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"John M.","affiliations":[{"id":36469,"text":"Florida Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randklev, Chalres R.","contributorId":210322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randklev","given":"Chalres R.","affiliations":[{"id":36313,"text":"Texas A&M","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, James D.","contributorId":17690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Austin, James D.","contributorId":206799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Austin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199078,"text":"ofr20181144 - 2018 - Emigration and transportation stress of juvenile Chinook salmon relative to their reintroduction upriver of Shasta Dam, California, 2017–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T15:08:27","indexId":"ofr20181144","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-22T14:14:12","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1144","title":"Emigration and transportation stress of juvenile Chinook salmon relative to their reintroduction upriver of Shasta Dam, California, 2017–18","docAbstract":"The Bureau of Reclamation supports the Shasta Dam Fish Passage Evaluation (SDFPE; Yip, 2015) program, and in 2016 set out to determine the feasibility of reintroducing winter-run and spring-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) to tributaries upstream of Shasta Dam. Ideally, reintroduction strategy includes trapping naturally produced downstream-migrating juvenile fish at the head of Lake Shasta (upstream of Shasta Dam), or near the mouth of the tributaries where they flow into the lake. However, evaluations of a juvenile collection system in one of the target tributaries (McCloud River) was delayed because of concerns about the fish source to be used as surrogate for winter-run Chinook salmon and the location and impact of the trap-and-haul operations.
In 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was contracted to evaluate the reintroduction of winter-run salmon into tributaries upstream of Shasta Dam, and the McCloud River, having the most suitable spawning and rearing habitat for salmon adjacent to Shasta Reservoir (Lake) was the chosen study area. The first stage of the project was to assess the feasibility using a head-of-reservoir fish trap to collect juvenile salmon, but these efforts were delayed, so efforts were used to assess how juvenile Chinook salmon would distribute within the McCloud River and Shasta Reservoir and help determine the feasibility of collecting fish at Shasta Dam. Importantly, NOAA fisheries was also conducting an acoustic telemetry project through the Sacramento River, and they provided the additional acoustic detection data on our tagged fish to San Francisco Bay. These data were collected beyond original study goals, but added a large contribution to the findings and inferences from this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Liedtke, T.L., Plumb, J.M., Hansen, A.C., Evans, S.D., and Weiland., L.K., 2018, Emigration and transportation stress of juvenile Chinook salmon relative to their reintroduction upriver of Shasta Dam, California, 2017–18: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018-1144, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181144.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098563","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358642,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1144/ofr20181144.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1144"},{"id":358641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1144/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Shasta Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 37.6968609874419\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.6968609874419\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 41.017210578228436\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 41.017210578228436\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 37.6968609874419\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
When erupting, all volcanoes pose a degree of risk to people and infrastructure, however, the risks are not equivalent from one volcano to another because of differences in eruptive style and geographic location. Assessing the relative threats posed by U.S. volcanoes identifies which volcanoes warrant the greatest risk-mitigation efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey and its partners. This update of the volcano threat assessment of Ewert and others (2005) considers new research in order to determine which volcanic systems should be added or removed from the list of potentially active volcanoes, updates the scoring of active volcanoes, and updates the 24-factor hazard and exposure matrix used to create the threat ranking. The threat assessment places volcanoes into five threat categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Within all five threat categories there are changes in relative rankings of volcanoes, and in a few cases, volcanoes moved between categories owing to changes in our understanding of their hazard, unrest, and exposure factors. Scorings of hazard factors were updated for some volcanoes where new research has identified Holocene eruptive activity or clarified our understanding of Holocene eruptive history and the occurrence of particular hazards such as tephra fall or pyroclastic density currents. The most numerous scoring changes made in the threat matrix since 2005 have been made among the hazard factors, particularly those accounting for observed eruptive activity or unrest.
The very low threat category underwent the greatest amount of change, dropping from 32 to 21 volcanoes, owing to better knowledge of the eruptive histories of those volcanoes. The list of 18 very high threat volcanoes determined by Ewert and others (2005) remains the same; 11 of the 18 volcanoes are located in Washington, Oregon, or California, where explosive and often snow- and ice-covered edifices can project hazards long distances to densely populated and highly developed areas. Five of the 18 very high threat volcanoes are in Alaska near important population centers, economic infrastructure, or below busy air traffic corridors. The remaining two very high threat volcanoes are on the Island of Hawaiʻi, where densely populated and highly developed areas now exist on the flanks of highly active volcanoes. The high- and moderate-threat categories are dominated by Alaskan volcanoes. In these categories the generally more active and more explosive volcanoes in Alaska can have a substantial effect on national and international aviation, and large eruptions from any of the moderate- to very-high-threat volcanoes could cause regional or national-scale disasters. This revised threat assessment includes 18 very high threat, 39 high threat, 49 moderate threat, 34 low threat, and 21 very low threat volcanoes. The total of 161 volcanoes is a decrease of 8 from the total reported by Ewert and others (2005).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185140","usgsCitation":"Ewert, J.W., Diefenbach, A.K., and Ramsey, D.W., 2018, 2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5140, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ sir20185140.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096246","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358575,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5140/sir20185140_appendix.xlsx","text":"Appendix","size":"123 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2018–5140 Appendix","linkHelpText":"U.S. Volcanic Threat Score Sheet"},{"id":358573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358574,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5140/sir20185140.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5140"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Contact Information,
Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508
Data collected from April 2014 through September 2016 were used to assess geomorphic characteristics and geomorphic changes over time in a selected reach of Tenmile Creek, a small rural watershed near Clarksburg, Maryland. Longitudinal profiles of the channel bed, water surface, and bank features were developed from field surveys. Changes in cross-section geometry between field surveys were documented. Grain-size distributions for the channel bed were developed from pebble counts. Continuous-record streamflow and precipitation data were also collected in the Tenmile Creek watershed and used to supplement the geomorphic analyses.
The Rosgen system of stream classification was used to classify the stream channel according to morphological measurements of slope, entrenchment ratio, width-to-depth ratio, sinuosity, and median particle diameter of the channel materials. Boundary shear stress near the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging station was assessed by using hydraulic variables computed from the cross-section surveys and slope measurements derived from crest-stage gages and temporary data loggers installed along the study reach.
Analysis of the longitudinal profiles indicated relatively small changes in the percentage and distribution of riffles, pools, and runs in the study reach between April 2014 and March 2015. More noticeable changes were observed during surveys conducted in March 2016 and September 2016. The channel-bed slope showed a net reduction over time from 0.0072 to 0.0040 feet per foot (ft/ft). The low-flow water-surface slope also showed a net reduction over time from 0.0065 to 0.0045 ft/ft. Net aggradation in the lower section of the study reach combined with net degradation in the upper section of the study reach contributed to the net reduction in channel-bed and water-surface slope. The large storm and resulting flood on July 30, 2016 was a major factor in observed changes in the longitudinal profiles between the March 2016 and September 2016 surveys.
Comparison of data from the cross-sectional surveys indicated vertical changes in all cross sections, with more extreme changes observed between surveys in the lower section of the study reach due in part to alternating periods of net storage and transport of sand. Lateral erosion was not a major factor in the study reach, with the exception of cross section Dd, where considerable lateral erosion was documented during the study period. The flood that resulted from the large storm on July 30, 2016 was a major factor in some of the vertical changes observed in the channel bed of the study reach cross sections.
Particle-size analyses of the channel bed from pebble counts indicated median particle diameters ranging from 15.5 millimeters (mm) to 23.1 mm, which is characterized as medium to coarse gravel. Sand percentages ranging from 3.4 percent to 16.4 percent of the total counts were observed over time. Net increases in storage of fine sediment in the reach were observed between April 2014 and March 2016, and a considerable reduction in storage was observed between March 2016 and September 2016.
The Tenmile Creek stream channel was classified as a C4 channel, based on morphological descriptions from the Rosgen system of stream classification. The C4 classification describes a single-thread channel with a slight entrenchment ratio; a moderate to high width-to-depth ratio; moderate to high sinuosity; a water-surface slope of less than 2 percent; and a median particle diameter in the gravel range of 2 to 64 mm.
The analysis of boundary shear stress indicated a range of 0.35 to 1.18 pounds per square foot for instantaneous streamflow ranging from 79 to 2,860 cubic feet per second during the study period. The relation between discharge and boundary shear stress for Tenmile Creek was compared to similar relations that were previously developed for Minebank Run, a small, urban watershed in the eastern section of the Piedmont Physiographic Province in Baltimore County, Md. that was physically restored during 2004–05. The comparison indicated a much flatter slope in the relation for Minebank Run in both its unrestored and restored conditions. This difference in the relations indicates that the erosive power in the urban watershed of Minebank Run is much more sensitive to increases in discharge magnitude than in the non-urban watershed of Tenmile Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Doheny, E.J., and Baker, S.M., 2018, Geomorphic characteristics of Tenmile Creek, Montgomery County, Maryland, 2014–16: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5098, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185098.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-090630","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437714,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WW7GKQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from an assessment of geomorphic characteristics of Tenmile Creek, Montgomery County, Maryland, 2014-16"},{"id":358408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5098/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":" https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WW7GKQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from an assessment of geomorphic characteristics of Tenmile Creek, Montgomery County, Maryland, 2014–16"},{"id":358409,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5098/sir20185098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5098"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Tenmile Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.3356,\n 39.2075\n ],\n [\n -77.2786,\n 39.2075\n ],\n [\n -77.2786,\n 39.2492\n ],\n [\n -77.3356,\n 39.2492\n ],\n [\n -77.3356,\n 39.2075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
Hydrologic tracer techniques were applied to Rio Irvi (SW Sardinia), a stream affected by mine drainage, allowing the calculation of stream discharge and metal loads and comparison to other streams. The calculated discharge showed a continuous increase from near 21.2 L/s to 29.1 L/s. Cumulative loads of mine-related constituents, including the Casargiu adit inflow, were large, with more than 9900 kg/day of SO42−, 2370 kg/day of Zn, 550 kg/day of Fe and 172 kg/day of Mn. The greatest measurable inflow source of metals, other than the Casargiu adit, was an acidic tributary (L4), but most sources of instream metal load were related to dispersed groundwater inflows. Some of those groundwater inflows were related to non-flowing tributaries. Calculations of the cumulative instream metal load, excluding the Casargiu adit inflow, indicated increases of 1250 kg/day for SO42, 858 kg/day for Zn-, 137 kg/day gain for Fe and 60 kg/day for Mn.
Rio Irvi Zn load was extreme for a stream of this size and discharge. A comparison with two other mine-affected rivers in Sardinia indicated the loading in Rio Irvi was two to three orders of magnitude greater. This difference was attributed to different geochemical conditions, but also to a lack of a biogeochemical barrier like that seen to be acting along and below the riverbed in Rio San Giorgio. Several years of intense vegetation growth in the river bed of Rio San Giorgio created a biogeochemical barrier to metal loading, and the cumulative Zn load there was near 8 kg/day, despite being a drainage with a greater mass of mine wastes to contribute to the load.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.06.004","usgsCitation":"De Giudici, G., Medas, D., Cidu, R., Lattanzi, P., Podda, F., Frau, F., Rigonat, N., Pusceddu, C., Da Pelo, S., Onnis, P., Marras, P.A., Wanty, R.B., and Kimball, B.A., 2018, Application of hydrologic-tracer techniques to the Casargiu adit and Rio Irvi (SW-Sardinia, Italy): Using enhanced natural attenuation to reduce extreme metal loads: Applied Geochemistry, v. 96, p. 42-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.06.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-099056","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Sardinia","otherGeospatial":"Casargiu adit, Rio Irvi","volume":"96","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver 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System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:49:39","indexId":"70200478","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T17:21:22","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a geodetic component for the U.S. West Coast Earthquake Early Warning System","docAbstract":"An earthquake early warning (EEW) system, ShakeAlert, is under development for the West Coast of the United States. This system currently uses the first few seconds of waveforms recorded by seismic instrumentation to rapidly characterize earthquake magnitude, location, and origin time; ShakeAlert recently added a seismic line source algorithm. For large to great earthquakes, magnitudes estimated from the earliest seismic data alone generally saturate. Real‐time Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data can directly measure large displacements, enabling accurate magnitude estimates for
Trough ponds are ubiquitous features of Arctic landscapes and an important component of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Permafrost thaw causes ground subsidence, creating depressions that gather water, creating ponds. Permafrost thaw also releases solutes and nutrients, which may fertilize these newly formed ponds. We measured water budget elements and chloride, ammonium, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) across a chronosequence of trough ponds representing different stages of ice wedge degradation and stabilization. We developed a coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical model to explore how ice wedge degradation affects hydrology and nutrient availability in trough ponds in the advanced degradation stages (DAs), which are characterized by deep troughs with warmer temperatures relative to the other stages. DAs experienced greater evaporation than the other stages, and subsurface inflows entered the DAs from a wide area. Chloride accumulated in the ponds with time since thaw, implying that subsurface fluxes are delivering solutes from the thawing permafrost. Ammonium accumulated at high rates in the initial degradation stage and was seasonally depleted over the summer in all degradation stages. Ammonium trends in the DAs were consistent with high concentration inflows and in‐pond assimilation at rates between 0.37 and 2.0 mg N m−2 day−1. Seasonal DON trends indicated that the accumulation of recalcitrant organic matter may eventually limit aquatic ecosystem production and foster pond infilling. These results provide direct evidence of nutrient release from thawing permafrost and the utilization of these nutrients by Arctic trough pond ecosystems and highlight infilling as a mechanism by which Arctic surface waters may be lost
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JG004528","usgsCitation":"Koch, J.C., Jorgenson, M., Wickland, K.P., Kanevskiy, M.Z., and Striegl, R.G., 2018, Ice wedge degradation and stabilization impacts water budgets and nutrient cycling in Arctic trough ponds: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 123, no. 8, p. 2604-2616, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004528.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2604","endPage":"2616","ipdsId":"IP-092115","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jg004528","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ae4b034bf6a7e4fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":140457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.","contributorId":199153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}