Under acidic atmospheric conditions, iron leached from atmospheric mineral dust may influence the distribution of bioavailable iron at a global scale. However, the effects of non-Fe-containing minerals on iron dissolution remain unknown. This work describes metal-metal synergistic and antagonistic effects on iron dissolution that go beyond aggregation and ionic strength effects in mineral dust mixtures. In this study, we investigated iron mobilization by proton-promoted dissolution in natural mineral dust samples from the Kalahari Desert (SZ1) and Australian Red Dawn event (RO), along with one iron oxide proxy, hematite. The total iron dissolution in natural dust samples highly corresponds with the respective amount of Ti, rather than their particle sizes or Fe contents. The dust sample with high Ti content, SZ1, also showed a higher fraction of dissolved Fe(II), under dark conditions. These observations are in good agreement with the dissolution data for hematite artificially mixed with metal oxides. Total iron dissolution in hematite, mixed with TiO2, is 1.5- and 2-fold higher compared to that of just hematite under dark and light conditions, respectively. However, dissolution of hematite is suppressed when mixed with Al2O3 and CaO. Under dark conditions, furthermore, dissolved Fe(II) fraction is enhanced for hematite when mixed with TiO2 compared to that of other mixtures or hematite alone. Yet, dissolved Fe(II) is lower in hematite mixed with TiO2 under light conditions compared to that of hematite alone, suggesting photo-oxidation of Fe(II) by reactive oxygen species, such as OH radicals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.010","usgsCitation":"Hettiarachchi, E., Reynolds, R.L., Goldstein, H.L., Moskowitz, B.M., and Rubasinghege, G., 2018, Iron dissolution and speciation in atmospheric mineral dust: Metal-metal synergistic and antagonistic effects: Atmospheric Environment, v. 187, p. 417-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.010.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"423","ipdsId":"IP-094579","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ae4b034bf6a7e4fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hettiarachchi, Eshani","contributorId":209918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hettiarachchi","given":"Eshani","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34868,"text":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":147880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":147881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moskowitz, Bruce M.","contributorId":189164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moskowitz","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17684,"text":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubasinghege, Gayan","contributorId":209919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubasinghege","given":"Gayan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34868,"text":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200482,"text":"70200482 - 2018 - Findings and lessons learned from the assessment of the Mexico-United States transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers: The utility of social science in applied hydrologic research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T08:58:24","indexId":"70200482","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T17:04:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Findings and lessons learned from the assessment of the Mexico-United States transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers: The utility of social science in applied hydrologic research","docAbstract":"Study Region
This study region encompasses the Transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers which are shared between the states of Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona (US). Special regional considerations include a semi-arid climate, basin-fill aquifers with predominantly montane recharge areas, economic drivers in the mining, trade, and military sectors, groundwater-dependent cities with expanding cones of depression, interbasin groundwater transfers, ground- and surface-water contamination, and protected aquatic and riparian habitats that act as significant migration corridors for hundreds of species, including some that are threatened and endangered.
Study Focus
We focus on lessons learned from the hydrologic assessment of the Transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers. We conducted the work, in two phases: (1) laying the groundwork and (2) implementation. The “laying the groundwork” phase consisted of binational meetings with stakeholders and key actors (agencies and individuals), and the development of an understanding of the physical, institutional, historical, and socio-political context. This led to signing of the binational Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program (TAAP) agreement in 2009 and detailed the process for cooperation and coordination in the assessment of shared aquifers. The implementation phase began with an agreement to proceed with the study of four “focus” aquifers (Santa Cruz, San Pedro, Mesilla (Conejos-Médanos in Mexico), and Hueco Bolson (Bolsón del Hueco in Mexico)) and development of associated technical teams. Though we do include a brief discussion of the lessons learned from the physical science portion of the study, the results have been described and published elsewhere. The bulk of the paper instead focuses on the findings and lessons learned from the integration of social-science perspectives into a largely physical-science based program, since there is a growing recognition of the need for this type of approach especially in the management and assessment of transboundary aquifers.
New Hydrological Insights for the Region
The Sonora-Arizona effort succeeded because both countries were adequately represented, and because of flexibility of skills and ability of teams comprising both university and government scientists. Teams included social and earth scientists. Including the social sciences was critical to research design and implementation, and to addressing the cultural, institutional, and socio-political contexts of transboundary aquifer assessment. Significant components of the continuing implementation phase include strategic planning, data compilation and analysis, cross-border integration of datasets, geophysical and geochemical surveys, and internal, peer, and stakeholder engagement.
The Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana) was removed from the federal list of threatened species in May 2014. This strongly differentiated species is endemic to 3 of the southern California Channel Islands—San Clemente, San Nicolas, and Santa Barbara. Suitable habitat for Island Night Lizards is extensive on San Clemente Island, and the species is abundant there. Habitat is limited and fragmented, however, on San Nicolas Island and small Santa Barbara Island. Bringing together extensive field surveys and mark-recapture sampling, we synthesize available data for Island Night Lizards on San Nicolas Island and calculate population and density estimates for the species in major habitats on the island. Island Night Lizards are widely distributed across most of the eastern half of San Nicolas Island. In contrast, they are nearly absent over the western third of the island except for isolated populations in boulder beach habitats. We combined mark-recapture population estimates with comprehensive measurements of the extent of cactus, boxthorn, and other habitat types on the island to arrive at a more accurate assessment of the status of Island Night Lizards on San Nicolas Island. High densities of Island Night Lizards on the island are found in small areas of cholla cactus (Cylindropuntia prolifera; mean of 4100 lizards/ha), boulder beach habitat (mean of 3400 lizards/ha), and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia spp.; mean of 1700 lizards/ha); low numbers are found in more extensive mixed-shrub habitat (mean of 250 lizards/ha). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service requires a post-delisting program for “monitoring the overall health of the Island Night Lizard” to assure the continued long-term viability of the species in its restricted distribution. The information on population size and habitat presented here will inform and guide conservation and management efforts by the U.S. Navy on San Nicolas Island over the coming years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.078.0310","usgsCitation":"Drost, C.A., Fellers, G.M., Murphey, T.R., Kleeman, P.M., Halstead, B., and O'Donnell, R., 2018, Distribution, habitat, and population size of Island Night Lizards on San Nicolas Island, California: Western North American Naturalist, v. 78, no. 3, p. 358-369, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.078.0310.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"358","endPage":"369","ipdsId":"IP-088859","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicholas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.60781097412108,\n 33.19675310661128\n ],\n [\n -119.41177368164061,\n 33.19675310661128\n ],\n [\n -119.41177368164061,\n 33.30040366624405\n ],\n [\n -119.60781097412108,\n 33.30040366624405\n ],\n [\n -119.60781097412108,\n 33.19675310661128\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91be4b034bf6a7e4fc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M.","contributorId":209920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38025,"text":"9 Goldfinch Court, Novato, CA 94947; gary_fellers@worldnet.att.net","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphey, Thomas R.","contributorId":209921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphey","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38026,"text":"Monterey Ranger District, Los Padres National Forest, King City, CA 93930","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Donnell, Ryan P.","contributorId":209922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[{"id":38027,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 W. Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200486,"text":"70200486 - 2018 - Comparison of estimators for monitoring long-term population trends in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, on the California Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T16:26:33.484207","indexId":"70200486","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T12:45:41","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of estimators for monitoring long-term population trends in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, on the California Channel Islands","title":"Comparison of estimators for monitoring long-term population trends in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, on the California Channel Islands","docAbstract":"Capture-recapture methods are commonly used to estimate abundance and density of wild animal populations. Although a variety of sophisticated analytical techniques are available to evaluate capture-recapture data, vertebrate monitoring programs often lack the resources (e.g., time, personnel, and/or analytical expertise) to apply these methods. As an alternative, simple population indices, such as counts of unique individuals, may provide sufficient information to detect meaningful changes in population size. In this study we investigated whether a population index, easily generated from mark-recapture data under all conditions, might be used to provide valid ecological information for managers interested in long-term population trends of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) on the California Channel Islands. In practice, determining the efficacy of estimating abundance from mark-recapture data and indices using empirical data (as opposed to simulated data) is difficult given the scarcity of long-term data sets that describe real populations. Using mark-recapture data that span 18 years (n = 122 trapping events, >12,000 marked individuals) for deer mice on 2 of the islands, we compared density estimates obtained from several commonly used mark-recapture models and also compared these estimates to index counts. Populations of island deer mice are extremely dynamic; estimated densities over the data period varied from 0 to >1200 mice/ha. Density estimates from models in program CAPTURE and program DENSITY, as well as from model-averaged Huggins models, were strongly correlated with each other and with the density index. Densities calculated by the models and the index showed similar patterns of population variation and trend over time for all 5 sites. For long-term population monitoring and assessment of population trends in deer mice, our findings suggest that the use of a simple index may provide adequate understanding of ecologically relevant population changes, though data collection methods that allow for more detailed analyses using advanced modeling techniques should be maintained.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.078.0301","usgsCitation":"Schwemm, C.A., Drost, C.A., Orrock, J.L., Coonan, T.J., and Stanley, T.R., 2018, Comparison of estimators for monitoring long-term population trends in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, on the California Channel Islands: Western North American Naturalist, v. 78, no. 3, p. 496-509, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.078.0301.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"509","ipdsId":"IP-076415","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.56396484375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -120.73974609374999,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -120.56396484375,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -119.86083984375,\n 33.4955977448657\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 33.109948297894285\n ],\n [\n -119.124755859375,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -118.41064453125,\n 32.55607364492026\n ],\n [\n -117.92724609375,\n 32.7503226078097\n ],\n [\n -117.92724609375,\n 33.08233672856376\n ],\n [\n -118.2568359375,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 34.06176136129718\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 34.21634468843463\n ],\n [\n -120.56396484375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91be4b034bf6a7e4fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwemm, Catherin A.","contributorId":209929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwemm","given":"Catherin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38029,"text":"Institute for Wildlife Studies, PO Box 1104, Arcata, CA 95518; schwemm@iws.org","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orrock, John L.","contributorId":209931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orrock","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38031,"text":"Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706; jorrock@wisc.edu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coonan, Timothy J.","contributorId":209930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coonan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38030,"text":"National Park Service, Channel Islands National Park, Ventura, CA (retired); timcoonan81@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216173,"text":"70216173 - 2018 - Sediment infilling benefits rainbow trout passage in a baffled channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-09T15:26:16.728959","indexId":"70216173","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T09:24:40","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment infilling benefits rainbow trout passage in a baffled channel","docAbstract":"Fish are thought to exploit low velocity recirculation zones in the wakes of baffles to take refuge from challenging hydraulic conditions in baffled culverts. Here, we investigate how sediment deposition in the wakes of baffles affects passage and behaviors of juvenile rainbow trout in a baffled experimental flume. High temporal resolution 3D fish tracking provided detailed kinematics of adopted trajectories. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry permitted a finely resolved description of the flow over a clear baffle configuration and the same configuration with sediment wedges placed in their wakes. Controlled station-holding, suggestive of flow-refuging, only occurred when sediment wedges were blocking the baffles’ recirculation region. Also, maximum distances of ascent were higher, and slower ground-speeds were employed in the sediment condition. The results of this study suggest the turbulent recirculatory wakes of the clear bed condition caused postural instabilities and were in many ways detrimental to passage performance. Additional research is required to understand the relationships existing between baffle height, hydrodynamic recirculatory wake metrics, sediment deposition and the behavioral responses of fish interacting with weir baffle wakes.
Many nations have laws to identify and protect imperiled species and their ecosystems. In the United States, actions taken under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) have prevented many extinctions, but few listed species have recovered to the point where they can have the ESA protections removed (1, 2). One reason for this [among many (3)] is a shortfall in funding, raising a conundrum for agencies responsible for species recovery: Should resources be allocated toward species facing imminent extinction or species whose long-term survival can most benefit from investment? Some argue that the latter strategy is ethically unsound because it may abandon species with little hope of long-term recovery [for example, (4)], even when science suggests that the former strategy may miss opportunities to prevent species from ever experiencing the risk of imminent extinction (2). We suggest that framing recovery prioritization as a resource allocation problem provides a structure to facilitate constructive debate about such important questions. We discuss here the merits of an explicit resource allocation framework and introduce a prototype decision tool [(5); see supplementary materials for details] that we developed with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to facilitate transparent and efficient recovery allocation decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.aat8434","usgsCitation":"Gerber, L.R., Runge, M.C., Maloney, R.F., Iacona, G.D., Drew, C.A., Avery-Gomm, S., Brazill-Boast, J., Crouse, D.T., Epanchin-Niell, R.S., Hall, S.B., Maguire, L.A., Male, T., Morgan, D., Newman, J., Possingham, H.P., Rumpff, L., Weiss, K.C., Wilson, R.S., and Zablan, M.A., 2018, Endangered species recovery: A resource allocation problem: Science, v. 362, no. 6412, p. 284-286, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8434.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-097121","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"362","issue":"6412","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, Leah R.","contributorId":147236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerber","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maloney, Richard F.","contributorId":213091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maloney","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":38703,"text":"New Zealand Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iacona, Gwenllian D.","contributorId":213094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iacona","given":"Gwenllian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12552,"text":"University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drew, C. Ashton","contributorId":213092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashton","affiliations":[{"id":38704,"text":"KDV Decision Analysis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Avery-Gomm, Stephanie","contributorId":213093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery-Gomm","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12552,"text":"University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brazill-Boast, James","contributorId":213095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brazill-Boast","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38705,"text":"New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crouse, Deborah T.","contributorId":173709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crouse","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca S.","contributorId":175364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epanchin-Niell","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hall, Sarah B.","contributorId":213157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Maguire, Lynn A.","contributorId":213097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maguire","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Male, Tim","contributorId":213158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Male","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Morgan, Don","contributorId":213098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Newman, Jeff","contributorId":213099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Possingham, Hugh P.","contributorId":20882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Possingham","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12552,"text":"University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rumpff, Libby","contributorId":197117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rumpff","given":"Libby","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Weiss, Katherine C. B.","contributorId":213100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiss","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C. B.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wilson, Robyn S.","contributorId":175362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Zablan, Marilet A.","contributorId":175046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zablan","given":"Marilet","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70215407,"text":"70215407 - 2018 - The dilemma of pest suppression in the conservation of endangered species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-19T16:46:40.487519","indexId":"70215407","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-19T11:29:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dilemma of pest suppression in the conservation of endangered species","docAbstract":"In the conservation of endangered species, active suppression of a population of one native species to benefit another native species poses particular challenges. Obvious examples include predator control and nest parasite reduction. Less obvious is the control of blood-feeding arthropods. We present a case study on the effect of blood-feeding black flies (Simulium spp.) on reintroduced Whooping Cranes (Grus americana). Our intent is to provide a transferrable, science-driven approach for determining the effects of blood-feeding arthropods on endangered vertebrates, and demonstrate an approach for guiding selection of management actions for managers faced with competing objectives. A multi-year experiment demonstrated that black flies reduce nest success in reintroduced cranes by driving the birds off their nests during incubation. Deciding how to respond, however, is complicated because the target black flies are native species that serve important ecological functions. We suggest that a decision-analytic approach can inspire the development of creative management alternatives and facilitate a transparent process that evaluates trade-offs among competing objectives. Recognizing that these decisions involve trade-offs, which must be weighed in the context of each case, is crucial to identifying alternatives that best balance multiple management objectives. Given the uncertainty about the population dynamics of blood-feeding arthropods, an adaptive management approach will offer substantial benefits. ","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/cobi.13262","usgsCitation":"Adler, P.H., Barzen, J.A., Gray, E., Lacy, A.E., Urbanek, R.P., and Converse, S.J., 2018, The dilemma of pest suppression in the conservation of endangered species: Conservation Biology, v. 33, no. 4, p. 788-796, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13262.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"788","endPage":"796","ipdsId":"IP-101284","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 43.13306116240612\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Urbanek, Richard P.","contributorId":243332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urbanek","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37461,"text":"fws","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802073,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Adler, Peter H.","contributorId":243330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adler","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48690,"text":"clemson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barzen, Jeb A.","contributorId":190797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barzen","given":"Jeb","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Elmer","contributorId":243331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Elmer","affiliations":[{"id":24699,"text":"UGA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lacy, Anne E","contributorId":174362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lacy","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":16606,"text":"International Crane Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Urbanek, Richard P.","contributorId":38400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanek","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70265019,"text":"70265019 - 2018 - Zooplankton dynamics in the Cache Slough complex of the upper San Francisco Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-28T14:20:31.155907","indexId":"70265019","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-19T09:17:28","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zooplankton dynamics in the Cache Slough complex of the upper San Francisco Estuary","docAbstract":"We studied abundance and dynamics of zooplankton in the tidal freshwater Cache Slough Complex (CSC) in the northern Delta of the San Francisco Estuary during June, July, and October 2015. We asked whether the CSC was an area of high zooplankton production that could act as a source region for open waters of the estuary. Abundance of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus forbesi was similar to that in freshwater reaches of the central and eastern Delta and higher than that in the adjacent Sacramento River. Growth rate of P. forbesi was higher than previously measured in large estuarine channels because of higher temperature and phytoplankton biomass in the CSC. Samples of P. forbesi examined with molecular techniques contained an unexpectedly high proportion of DNA from cyanobacteria and little DNA from more nutritious phytoplankton. We also examined tidal exchanges of phytoplankton biomass and copepods between Liberty Island, a shallow tidal lake within the CSC, and the adjacent southern Cache Slough, which links the CSC to the Sacramento River. We calculated zero net flux of phytoplankton over 127 days between June and October. The tidal flux of copepods, calculated using tidal flow from an in situ flow station and half-hourly sampling over three 24.8-hr tidal cycles, varied a great deal because of temporal patchiness and day/night variation in abundance. Overall, the tidal flux was indistinguishable from zero, while the tidally-averaged water flow (and therefore the net copepod flux) was always into the wetland. Our results show some promise for the CSC as a productive habitat for planktivorous fishes and as a laboratory for learning how to design future wetland restoration. However, we remain cautious about whether wetlands such as the CSC may export large quantities of food organisms that can support fishes in other regions of the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California at Davis (eScholarship)","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2018v16iss3art4","usgsCitation":"Kimmerer, W., Ignoffo, T., Bemowski, B., Moderan, J., Holmes, A.E., and Bergamaschi, B.A., 2018, Zooplankton dynamics in the Cache Slough complex of the upper San Francisco Estuary: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 16, no. 3, 4, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2018v16iss3art4.","productDescription":"4, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099213","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2018v16iss3art4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim","contributorId":349907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","affiliations":[{"id":83531,"text":"Estuary & Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ignoffo, Toni R.","contributorId":352890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ignoffo","given":"Toni R.","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemowski, Brooke","contributorId":352891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bemowski","given":"Brooke","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moderan, Julien","contributorId":352892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moderan","given":"Julien","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, Ann E.","contributorId":293911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":63551,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200452,"text":"70200452 - 2018 - Drought and fire in the western USA: Is climate attribution enough?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:52:14","indexId":"70200452","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5763,"text":"Current Climate Change Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought and fire in the western USA: Is climate attribution enough?","docAbstract":"Purpose of Review
I sought to review the contributions of recent literature and prior foundational papers to our understanding of drought and fire. In this review, I summarize recent literature on drought and fire in the western USA and discuss research directions that may increase the utility of that body of work for twenty-first century application. I then describe gaps in the synthetic knowledge of drought-driven fire in managed ecosystems and use concepts from use-inspired research to describe potentially useful extensions of current work.
Recent Findings
Fire responses to climate, and specifically various kinds of drought, are clear, but vary widely with fuel responses to surplus water and drought at different timescales. Ecological and physical factors interact with human management and ignitions to create fire regime and landscape trajectories that challenge prediction.
Summary
The mechanisms by which the climate system affects regional droughts and how they translate to fire in the western USA need more attention to accelerate both forecasting and adaptation. However, projections of future fire activity under climate change will require integrated advances on both fronts to achieve decision-relevant modeling. Concepts from transdisciplinary research and coupled human-natural systems can help frame strategic work to address fire in a changing world.
Brackish marine and brackish continental environments are fundamentally different from a compositional perspective. Brackish water is often defined as having salinity lower than that of standard seawater but higher than that of freshwater, but less regard is given to the origin of the salts involved. The simple dilution of standard seawater by freshwater in a coastal or estuarine setting constitutes a brackish environment, but so do lakes where continental fresh water is impounded and becomes more saline through a variety of solute evolution pathways. The range of potential compositions of brackish lake water is diverse and includes water with “seawater-like” compositions. Isolated brackish lake environments located hundreds of kilometers inland can evolve towards sodium chloride-dominated, low alkalinityenvironments that mimic the composition of brackish seawater environments. These types of lakes can harbor a variety of continentally invasive but typically marine organisms, including but not limited to algae, foraminifers, mollusks, diatoms, and crustaceans. Distinguishing brackish marine from brackish lake environments in the geologic record can be difficult. In this paper, the enigmatic late Miocene and early Pliocene southern Bouse Formation of southern Arizona and California, USA, considered by many to represent a marine transgression along the lower Colorado River corridor, is discussed within a broad framework that incorporates hydrochemical, biogeographical, and species niche concepts. A brackish lake interpretation provides a powerful platform that can comprehensively account for the enigmatic mixed marine and continental fossil assemblage and possible tidal rhythmites that feature prominently in the southern Bouse Formation controversy. A review of the broader regional (paleo)environmental context for the southern Bouse supports a sodium chloride-dominated, low alkalinity, mildly brackish (10-5 ppt) Colorado River-fed lake depositional environment that was populated by an intriguing but predictable array of euryhaline, opportunistic, and continentally invasive marginal marine organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.011","usgsCitation":"Bright, J., Cohen, A.S., and Starratt, S.W., 2018, Distinguishing brackish lacustrine from brackish marine deposits in the stratigraphic record: A case study from the late Miocene and early Pliocene Bouse Formation, Arizona and California, USA: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 185, p. 974-1003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.011.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"974","endPage":"1003","ipdsId":"IP-099327","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"185","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91be4b034bf6a7e4fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bright, Jordon","contributorId":63981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, Andrew S.","contributorId":138496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199449,"text":"70199449 - 2018 - Population differences in susceptibility to Plasmodium relictum in zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-11T15:34:36","indexId":"70199449","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T13:32:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population differences in susceptibility to Plasmodium relictum in zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata","docAbstract":"Domesticated Australian and Timor zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis, and T. guttata guttata, respectively) were inoculated with canary (Serinus canaria) blood containing a Hawaiian isolate of Plasmodium relictum (lineage GRW04), a hemoparasite that causes avian malaria. In two experimental trials, Timor, but not Australian zebra finches developed parasitemia that was detected by microscopic examination of blood smears. In the second trial, in which molecular detection methods were used, a single Australian zebra finch and 5 of 6 challenged Timor birds were positive for the parasite. Additionally, P. relictum DNA was detected in multiple blood samples obtained from Timor birds over the 28 days following challenge. Timor zebra finches may provide a useful, easily maintained, laboratory model for the study of arbovirus/Plasmodium interactions in passerines, but are still inferior to canaries, the traditionally used model of avian malaria infection, in terms of supporting high parasitemia infections.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/11823-030518-ResNote.1","usgsCitation":"Hofmeister, E.K., Balakrishnan, C.N., and Atkinson, C.T., 2018, Population differences in susceptibility to Plasmodium relictum in zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata: Avian Diseases, v. 62, no. 4, p. 351-355, https://doi.org/10.1637/11823-030518-ResNote.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"355","ipdsId":"IP-099053","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9de4b0fc368eb538fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-6360-3912 ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-3912","contributorId":3230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balakrishnan, Christopher N.","contributorId":177924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balakrishnan","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200446,"text":"ofr20181168 - 2018 - Reported investments in earthquake mitigation top $73 to $80 billion in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T15:24:06","indexId":"ofr20181168","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1168","displayTitle":"Reported investments in earthquake mitigation top \\$73 to \\$80 billion in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","title":"Reported investments in earthquake mitigation top $73 to $80 billion in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to provide a compilation of structural retrofits and replacements of older buildings and infrastructure in the San Francisco Bay Area that have either been completed since 1989 or that are in progress as of October 2018. For the purposes of this report, all or parts of nine Bay Area counties were included: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. Santa Cruz County was not included. The compilation of 700 investments is presented as a table in the appendix. We consider this table as version 1, as we urge that those familiar with additional projects contact the report authors with information to update the table.
In total, we have identified \\$73 to \\$80 billion in investments to retrofit or replace structures to mitigate the impacts of future San Francisco Bay Area earthquakes. These totals represent an average investment of \\$2.5 to \\$2.8 billion per year in retrofits and replacement of structures since 1989.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181168","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Gefeke, K., Boatwright, J., and Knudsen, K.L., 2018, Reported investments in earthquake mitigation top \\$73 to \\$80 billion in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1168, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181168.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 18 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102021","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1168/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1168/ofr20181168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2018–1168"},{"id":358505,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1168/ofr20181168_appendix.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"175 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Open-File Report 2018–1168 Appendix","linkHelpText":"Spreadsheet of Known Investments in Earthquake Resiliency Made in the San Francisco Bay Area Since the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","contact":"Contact Information,
Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
The paper summarizes an end-to-end activity connecting the global climate modeling enterprise with users of climate information in Alaska. The effort included retrieval of the requisite observational datasets and model output, a model evaluation and selection procedure, the actual downscaling by the delta method with its inherent bias-adjustment, and the provision of products to a range of users through visualization software that empowers users to explore the downscaled output and its sensitivities. An additional software tool enables users to examine skill metrics and relative rankings of 21 global models for Alaska and six other domains in the Northern Hemisphere. The downscaled temperatures and precipitation are made available as calendar-month decadal means under three different greenhouse forcing scenarios through 2100 for more than 4000 communities in Alaska and western Canada. The visualization package displays the uncertainties inherent in the multi-model ensemble projections. These uncertainties are often larger than the projected changes.
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We (a group of geographically distributed and multidisciplinary research scientists) used tools from nominal group theory and decision analysis to collaboratively identify and prioritize information needs within the context of disease-associated amphibian decline, in order to develop a strategy that would support US management agency needs. We developed iterated influence diagrams to create and assess a unified research strategy. We illustrated a transparent process for identifying specific knowledge gaps in amphibian disease ecology relevant to environmental management, and then constructed a research plan to address these uncertainties. The resulting priorities include a need to: (1) understand the drivers of the community-disease relationship, (2) determine the mechanisms by which exposure to contaminants influence disease outcomes, (3) identify elements of terrestrial and aquatic habitats that stabilize host-pathogen dynamics, (4) discuss how metapopulations may be managed to reduce the speed and intensity of disease outbreaks, and (5) define the relationship between habitat management and the environmental and host microbiomes. Along with identifying research priorities for disease management, we present the details of the process used to develop a consensus plan for addressing disease-related declines in amphibians on federally managed lands of the United States.
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While prior studies have shown Qinghai Lake supports one of the largest breeding areas for Bar-headed Geese, little is known regarding the species movement ecology during the breeding season. In this study, we examined Bar-headed Goose home range size within the breeding grounds at Qinghai Lake and documented their daily movement patterns and habitat selection. We also identified several key breeding sites surrounding Qinghai Lake. Our research provides valuable information on this sensitive species that could help develop the strategy for waterfowl conservation and disease control.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ani8100182","usgsCitation":"Zheng, R., Smith, L.M., Prosser, D.J., Takekawa, J., Newman, S.H., Sullivan, J.D., Luo, Z., and Yan, B., 2018, Investigating home range, movement pattern, and habitat selection of Bar-headed Geese during breeding season at Qinghai Lake, China: Animals, v. 8, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8100182.","productDescription":"Article 182; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-099367","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8100182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Qinghai Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 99.52789306640625,\n 36.45884507478879\n ],\n [\n 100.843505859375,\n 36.45884507478879\n ],\n [\n 100.843505859375,\n 37.298090424438506\n ],\n [\n 99.52789306640625,\n 37.298090424438506\n ],\n [\n 99.52789306640625,\n 36.45884507478879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91be4b034bf6a7e4fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Ruobing","contributorId":209870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Ruobing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27775,"text":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Lacy M. 0000-0001-6733-1080 lmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-1080","contributorId":4772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lacy","email":"lmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":203805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John Y.","affiliations":[{"id":36724,"text":"Audubon California, Richardson Bay Audubon Center and Sanctuary, Tiburon, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":199129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, Jeffery D.","contributorId":202910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luo, Ze","contributorId":209872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luo","given":"Ze","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yan, Baoping","contributorId":209873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yan","given":"Baoping","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70228350,"text":"70228350 - 2018 - Low survey response! Can I still use the data?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T18:00:00.545721","indexId":"70228350","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T11:55:37","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low survey response! Can I still use the data?","docAbstract":"Natural resource agencies often use mail surveys to collect stakeholder information. However, a major concern of mail surveys have long been relatively low response rates compared to telephone or face-to-face interviews. Survey research has largely focused on achieving high response rates; however, in some situations even well designed surveys can have low response rates. We present an example of a 3-page (25 questions) survey measuring opinions and attitudes about native fish management in the South Dakota Black Hills region that received a relatively low response rate (21%) using a mailing, postcard, and second mailing of the questionnaire. We compare response rate and data quality of a third mailing of the full questionnaire with a one-page (5 questions) questionnaire measuring key variables to evaluate possible nonresponse bias. Within the total survey error (TSE) paradigm we provide evidence that reliable and useful information was collected by this survey.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2018.1523508","usgsCitation":"Gigliotti, L.M., and Fompa, S., 2018, Low survey response! Can I still use the data?: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 24, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2018.1523508.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-098484","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gigliotti, Larry M. 0000-0002-1693-5113 lgigliotti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-5113","contributorId":3906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Larry","email":"lgigliotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fompa, Seth","contributorId":275271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fompa","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5088,"text":"SDSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70201200,"text":"70201200 - 2018 - Mapping crop residue and tillage intensity using WorldView-3 satellite shortwave infrared residue indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-06T11:24:25","indexId":"70201200","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T11:24:19","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping crop residue and tillage intensity using WorldView-3 satellite shortwave infrared residue indices","docAbstract":"Crop residues serve many important functions in agricultural conservation including preserving soil moisture, building soil organic carbon, and preventing erosion. Percent crop residue cover on a field surface reflects the outcome of tillage intensity and crop management practices. Previous studies using proximal hyperspectral remote sensing have demonstrated accurate measurement of percent residue cover using residue indices that characterize cellulose and lignin absorption features found between 2100 nm and 2300 nm in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The 2014 launch of the WorldView-3 (WV3) satellite has now provided a space-borne platform for the collection of narrow band SWIR reflectance imagery capable of measuring these cellulose and lignin absorption features. In this study, WorldView-3 SWIR imagery (14 May 2015) was acquired over farmland on the Eastern Shore of Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, USA), was converted to surface reflectance, and eight different SWIR reflectance indices were calculated. On-farm photographic sampling was used to measure percent residue cover at a total of 174 locations in 10 agricultural fields, ranging from plow-till to continuous no-till management, and these in situ measurements were used to develop percent residue cover prediction models from the SWIR indices using both polynomial and linear least squares regressions. Analysis was limited to agricultural fields with minimal green vegetation (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index < 0.3) due to expected interference of vegetation with the SWIR indices. In the resulting residue prediction models, spectrally narrow residue indices including the Shortwave Infrared Normalized Difference Residue Index (SINDRI) and the Lignin Cellulose Absorption Index (LCA) were determined to be more accurate than spectrally broad Landsat-compatible indices such as the Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI), as determined by respective R2 values of 0.94, 0.92, and 0.84 and respective residual mean squared errors (RMSE) of 7.15, 8.40, and 12.00. Additionally, SINDRI and LCA were more resistant to interference from low levels of green vegetation. The model with the highest correlation (2nd order polynomial SINDRI, R2 = 0.94) was used to convert the SWIR imagery into a map of crop residue cover for non-vegetated agricultural fields throughout the imagery extent, describing the distribution of tillage intensity within the farm landscape. WorldView-3 satellite imagery provides spectrally narrow SWIR reflectance measurements that show utility for a robust mapping of crop residue cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs10101657","usgsCitation":"Hively, W.D., Lamb, B.T., Daughtry, C.S., Shermeyer, J., McCarty, G.W., and Quemada, M., 2018, Mapping crop residue and tillage intensity using WorldView-3 satellite shortwave infrared residue indices: Remote Sensing, v. 10, no. 10, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101657.","productDescription":"Article 1657; 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-090230","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101657","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7930SDB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"WorldView-3 satellite imagery and crop residue field data collection, Talbot County, MD, May 2015"},{"id":359980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River watershed","volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0a4357e4b0815414d28132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":201565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Brian T.","contributorId":211092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":38178,"text":"City College of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daughtry, Craig S. T.","contributorId":211093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daughtry","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"S. T.","affiliations":[{"id":38179,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shermeyer, Jacob 0000-0002-8143-2790 jshermeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-2790","contributorId":211095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shermeyer","given":"Jacob","email":"jshermeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":192367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quemada, Miguel","contributorId":211094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quemada","given":"Miguel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38180,"text":"School of Agricultural Engineering and CEIGRAM, Technical University of Madrid","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70212484,"text":"70212484 - 2018 - Cryovolcanic rates on Ceres revealed by topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-17T15:01:24.500997","indexId":"70212484","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T09:57:55","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6448,"text":"Nature Astronomy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryovolcanic rates on Ceres revealed by topography","docAbstract":"Cryovolcanism, defined here as the extrusion of icy material from depth, may be an important planetary phenomenon in shaping the surfaces of many worlds in the outer Solar System and revealing their thermal histories1,2,3. However, the physics, chemistry and ubiquity of this geologic process remain poorly understood, especially in comparison to the better-studied silicate volcanism on the terrestrial planets. Ceres is the only plausibly cryovolcanic world to be orbited by a spacecraft up to now, making it the best opportunity to test the importance of cryovolcanism on bodies in the outer Solar System and compare its effects to silicate volcanism on terrestrial planets. Here, we analyse images from NASA’s Dawn mission4 and use the finite element method to show that Ceres has experienced cryovolcanism throughout its geologic history, with an average cryomagma extrusion rate of ~104 m3 yr−1. This result shows that volcanic phenomena are important on Ceres, but orders of magnitude less so than on the terrestrial planets.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerNature","doi":"10.1038/s41550-018-0574-1","usgsCitation":"Sori, M.M., Sizemore, H.G., Byrne, S., Bramson, A., Bland, M.T., Stein, N.T., and Russell, C., 2018, Cryovolcanic rates on Ceres revealed by topography: Nature Astronomy, v. 2, p. 946-950, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0574-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"946","endPage":"950","ipdsId":"IP-097351","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181220-092840619","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ceres","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sori, M. M.","contributorId":238467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sori","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sizemore, H. G.","contributorId":238462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sizemore","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27220,"text":"Planetary Science Inst.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, S.","contributorId":238482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bramson, A. M.","contributorId":238759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bramson","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, N. T.","contributorId":238760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Russell, C. T.","contributorId":238469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70205199,"text":"70205199 - 2018 - Dynamics of gene expression responses for ion transport proteins and aquaporins in the gill of a Euryhaline Pupfish during freshwater and high salinity acclimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T09:54:39","indexId":"70205199","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T09:50:16","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3075,"text":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of gene expression responses for ion transport proteins and aquaporins in the gill of a Euryhaline Pupfish during freshwater and high salinity acclimation","docAbstract":"Pupfishes (genus Cyprinodon) evolved some of the broadest salinity tolerances of teleost fishes, with some taxa surviving in conditions from freshwater to nearly 160 ppt. In this study, we examined transcriptional dynamics of ion transporters and aquaporins in the gill of the desert Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) during rapid salinity change. Pupfish acclimated to 7.5 ppt were exposed to freshwater (0.3 ppt), seawater (35 ppt), or hypersaline (55 ppt) conditions over 4 h and sampled at these salinities over 14 d. Plasma osmolality and Cl− concentration became elevated 8 h after the start of exposure to 35 or 55 ppt but returned to baseline levels after 14 d. Osmolality recovery was paralleled by increased gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and higher relative levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter-1 (nkcc1). Transcripts encoding one Na+-HCO3− cotransporter-1 isoform (nbce1.1) also increased in the gills at higher salinities, while a second isoform (nbce1.2) increased expression in freshwater. Pupfish in freshwater also had lower osmolality and elevated gill mRNAs for Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-2a (nhe2a) and V-type H+-ATPase within 8 h, followed by increases in Na+/H+ exchanger-3 (nhe3), carbonic anhydrase 2 (ca2), and aquaporin-3 (aqp3) within 1 d. Gill mRNAs for Na+/Cl− cotransporter-2 (ncc2) also were elevated 14 d after exposure to 0.3 ppt. These results offer insights into how coordinated transcriptional responses for ion transporters in the gill facilitate reestablishment of osmotic homeostasis after changes in environmental salinity and provide evidence that the teleost gill expresses two Na+-HCO3− cotransporter-1 isoforms with different roles in freshwater and seawater acclimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago press","doi":"10.1086/700432","usgsCitation":"Lema, S., Carvalho, P.G., Egelston, J.N., Kelly, J.T., and McCormick, S.D., 2018, Dynamics of gene expression responses for ion transport proteins and aquaporins in the gill of a Euryhaline Pupfish during freshwater and high salinity acclimation: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1148-1171, https://doi.org/10.1086/700432.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1148","endPage":"1171","ipdsId":"IP-093740","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lema, Sean","contributorId":218807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lema","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39917,"text":"Cal Poly","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carvalho, Paul G","contributorId":218808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carvalho","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":39917,"text":"Cal Poly","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Egelston, Jennifer N","contributorId":218809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egelston","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":39917,"text":"Cal Poly","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, John T.","contributorId":150626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":18054,"text":"University of New Haven","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215120,"text":"70215120 - 2018 - Growth and survival relationships of 71 tree species with nitrogen and sulfur deposition across the conterminous U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T14:22:55.777328","indexId":"70215120","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-18T08:33:46","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and survival relationships of 71 tree species with nitrogen and sulfur deposition across the conterminous U.S.","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) influences forest demographics and carbon (C) uptake through multiple mechanisms that vary among tree species. Prior studies have estimated the effects of atmospheric N deposition on temperate forests by leveraging forest inventory measurements across regional gradients in deposition. However, in the United States (U.S.), these previous studies were limited in the number of species and the spatial scale of analysis, and did not include sulfur (S) deposition as a potential covariate. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of how tree growth and survival for 71 species vary with N and S deposition across the conterminous U.S. Our analysis of 1,423,455 trees from forest plots inventoried between 2000 and 2016 reveals that the growth and/or survival of the vast majority of species in the analysis (n = 66, or 93%) were significantly affected by atmospheric deposition. Species co-occurred across the conterminous U.S. that had decreasing and increasing relationships between growth (or survival) and N deposition, with just over half of species responding negatively in either growth or survival to increased N deposition somewhere in their range (42 out of 71). Averaged across species and conterminous U.S., however, we found that an increase in deposition above current rates of N deposition would coincide with a small net increase in tree growth (1.7% per Δ kg N ha-1 yr-1), and a small net decrease in tree survival (-0.22% per Δ kg N ha-1 yr-1), with substantial regional and among-species variation. Adding S as a predictor improved the overall model performance for 70% of the species in the analysis. Our findings have potential to help inform ecosystem management and air pollution policy across the conterminous U.S., and suggest that N and S deposition have likely altered forest demographics in the U.S.
Knowledge of how patterns in fish assemblages are spatially structured is important for guiding management and conservation actions. However, most studies have taken place in the eastern and midwestern U.S., resulting in a poor understanding of factors influencing western stream fishes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate habitat and species associations of fishes in Deep Creek, a small tributary of the Kootenai River in Idaho. Fishes and habitat were sampled from 58 reaches in Deep Creek. In total, 7,129 individual fishes representing 18 species were sampled. Patterns in species richness were largely a function of channel gradient and associated habitat characteristics. Species richness decreased with increased channel gradient. Species-specific habitat relationships for native and nonnative fishes in Deep Creek provided specific insights into the ecology of each species. Predicted probability of occurrence and relative abundance varied by species and were related to a broad suite of environmental characteristics. This study provides insight on patterns of fish assemblage structure, as well as important information on the ecology of native and nonnative fishes in a western stream system.
To improve the characterization of Holocene earthquakes on the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), we conducted light detection and ranging (lidar)‐based neotectonic mapping and excavated a paleoseismic trench across an 8‐m‐high fault scarp near Alpine, Utah, located
Determining the spatial distribution of coastal foundation species is essential to accurately determine restoration goals, predict the ecological effects of climate change, and develop habitat management strategies. Mapping the distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) species assemblages, which provide important habitat resource and ecological services in Louisiana, has been difficult due to the dynamic nature of SAV occurrence and the limited water clarity across much of the coast. Species distribution models (SDMs) link ecological conditions species occurrence across landscapes, and can predict the distribution of species across un-sampled or hard to sample areas and support the development of habitat maps. To predict SAV distribution in coastal Louisiana, a SDM was developed and projected across the landscape to create a spatial likelihood of occurrence (SLOO) model describing the probability of SAV presence in aquatic habitats. SAV presence and absence data were examined from over 500 field observations in relation to physical and hydrologic variables, including exposure, turbidity, water level, and salinity. A binary logistic regression model (p < 0.0001) identified three significant predictors of SAV presence: mean winter salinity, exposure, and turbidity. As each of these variables increased, the probability of SAV presence in the summer growing season decreased. The spatial application of this SDM helps to predict the likelihood of occurrence across the coastal landscape, creating a valuable tool to describe un-sampled SAV habitat and estimate future changes in habitat availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.08.007","usgsCitation":"DeMarco, K., Couvillion, B., Brown, S., and La Peyre, M., 2018, Submerged aquatic vegetation mapping in coastal Louisiana through development of a spatial likelihood occurrence (SLOO) model: Aquatic Botany, v. 151, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.08.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-094080","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.08.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 28.75\n ],\n [\n -88.75,\n 28.75\n ],\n [\n -88.75,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 28.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ce4b034bf6a7e4fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMarco, Kristin","contributorId":200003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeMarco","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687 couvillionb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":146832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","email":"couvillionb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Stuart","contributorId":209831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200468,"text":"70200468 - 2018 - Mineral phase-element associations based on sequential leaching of ferromanganese crusts, Amerasia Basin Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T16:21:30.991801","indexId":"70200468","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-17T13:39:21","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5207,"text":"Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral phase-element associations based on sequential leaching of ferromanganese crusts, Amerasia Basin Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts from Mendeleev Ridge, Chukchi Borderland, and Alpha Ridge, in the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean, are similar based on morphology and chemical composition. The crusts are characterized by a two- to four-layered stratigraphy. The chemical composition of the Arctic crusts differs significantly from hydrogenetic crusts from elsewhere of global ocean by high mean Fe/Mn ratios, high As, Li, V, Sc, and Th concentrations, and high detrital contents. Here, we present element distributions through crust stratigraphic sections and element phase association using several complementary techniques such as SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS, and sequential leaching, a widely employed method of element phase association that dissolves mineral phases of different stability step-by-step: Exchangeable cations and Ca carbonates, Mn-oxides, Fe-hydroxides, and residual fraction. Sequential leaching shows that the Arctic crusts have higher contents of most elements characteristic of the aluminosilicate phase than do Pacific crusts. Elements have similar distributions between the hydrogenetic Mn and Fe phases in all the Arctic and Pacific crusts. The main host phases for the elements enriched in the Arctic crusts over Pacific crusts (Li, As, Th, and V) are the Mn-phase for Li and Fe-phase for As, Th, and V; those elements also have higher contents in the residual aluminosilicate phase. Thus, higher concentrations of Li, As, Th, and V likely occur in the dissolved and particulate phases in bottom waters where the Arctic crusts grow, which has been shown to be true for Sc, also highly enriched in the crusts. The phase distributions of elements within the crust layers is mostly consistent among the Arctic crusts, being somewhat different in element concentrations in the residual phase.
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2018 - Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Tunguska Basin Province, 2008","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187718,"text":"pp1824U - 2018 - Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Tunguska Basin Province, 2008","indexId":"pp1824U","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"chapter":"U","title":"Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Tunguska Basin Province, 2008"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70193865,"text":"pp1824 - 2017 - The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal ","indexId":"pp1824","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal "},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70193865,"text":"pp1824 - 2017 - The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal ","indexId":"pp1824","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal "},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T14:04:19.566376","indexId":"pp1824U","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-17T13:18:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1824","chapter":"U","title":"Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Tunguska Basin Province, 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has evaluated the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Tunguska Basin Province as part of the Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA). The Tunguska Basin Province includes an area of approximately 904,000 km2; less than half the area of the province lies north of the Arctic Circle. The Tunguska Basin Province includes a large part of the Siberian craton and consists of several subbasins. The province is almost completely covered by Permian to Triassic volcanic rocks. Although some oil and gas fields have been discovered and produced in the province south of the Arctic Circle, no discoveries have been made north of the Arctic Circle as of 2008. The part of this province lying north of the Arctic Circle was evaluated for undiscovered, technically recoverable, conventional oil and gas resources. Because of a low geologic probability for the occurrence of significant oil and gas accumulations (50 million barrels of oil equivalent or more), the Tunguska Basin Province north of the Arctic Circle was not quantitatively assessed as part of CARA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1824U","usgsCitation":"Wandrey, C.J., and Klett, T.R., 2018, Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Tunguska Basin Province, 2008, chap. U of Moore, T.E., and Gautier, D.L., eds., The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824U.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 10 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059986","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/u/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/u/pp1824u.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1824-U"},{"id":358498,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/u/pp1824u_appendix.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"100 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1824-U Appendix","linkHelpText":"- Input Data for the Tunguska Basin Assessment Unit"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Tunguska Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 80,\n 58\n ],\n [\n 115,\n 58\n ],\n [\n 115,\n 69\n ],\n [\n 80,\n 69\n ],\n [\n 80,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
FAX 650-329-4936