The Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, are known to contain important energy resources (oil shale and natural gas) and mineral resources (nahcolite). The primary sources of fresh groundwater in the Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds are bedrock aquifers in the Uinta and Green River Formations. The aquifers are divided into an upper and lower aquifer separated by a regionally extensive semiconfining layer. These aquifers provide water to streams and springs in the watersheds and are an important resource to people living and working in the area. Development of energy and mineral resources has the potential to affect the quality of groundwater in several ways. The Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey began groundwater monitoring in 2010 to characterize the groundwater quality and water-level elevations of shallow bedrock aquifers in the Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds. The purpose of this report is to present ground-water chemistry and water-level elevations collected during 2013–16. Comparisons are made to data that were collected from the bedrock aquifers from 2010 to 2012 to identify the potential for changes in water quality and water-level elevations.
Appreciable changes in water-level elevations and hydraulic gradient were observed in early April 2015 in two wells completed in the upper and lower aquifers. The hydraulic gradient between the two wells was consistently downward from the upper aquifer to the lower aquifer during 2010–15; however, in early April 2015, the gradient changed from downward to upward between the two aquifers. Overall, water-level elevations declined by about 14 and 11 feet in the upper and lower aquifers, respectively, from 2013 to 2016. Previously published data estimated groundwater ages at 1,200 years old in the upper aquifer and 9,600 years old in the lower aquifer. These groundwater ages indicate that ground-water was recharged over thousands of years. With such long periods of time for aquifer recharge, declines in water-level elevation over short time steps (a few months) have important implications for sustainable management of this resource. Solution mining activities or drilling for oil and natural gas in the area could be related to the changes observed in water-level elevations in these wells; however, further investigation would be needed to evaluate causation.
Changes in major-ion chemistry were evaluated in the bedrock aquifer using time series plots of select major-ion data from 2010 to 2016. Major-ion chemistry was variable for a single well from 2010 to 2016 where alkalinity and sulfate were the most variable constituents. One possible explanation for the observed changes in major-ion chemistry may be that the sample depth for that well no longer represents the most appreciable flow in the borehole. On a larger scale, potential changes in flow within the borehole may indicate changes in the regional flow system. Methane and volatile organic compound concentrations were evaluated using a similar approach to that of major ions and had similar findings. Methane concentrations in wells sampled from 2010 to 2016 were generally constant. The only exception was observed at a single well where the range of methane concentrations was from 57.4 (2010) to 4.02 milligrams per liter (2013). This is the same well where changes in water-level elevation, hydraulic gradient, and major-ion chemistry were observed, providing multiple lines of evidence to indicate change in the bedrock aquifers. Sampling of a well located in an area with little energy development but where faults or fractures could provide a path for the migration of fluids indicate mixing of groundwater between the upper and lower aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, White River Field Office","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.C., and McMahon, P.B., 2018, Groundwater chemistry and water-level elevations in bedrock aquifers of the Piceance and Yellow Creek watersheds, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, 2013–16: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5142, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185142.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-093390","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5142/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5142/sir20185142.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5142"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Blanco County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.75,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 415
Denver, CO 80225
Safe drinking water at the point-of-use (tapwater, TW) is a United States public health priority. Multiple lines of evidence were used to evaluate potential human health concerns of 482 organics and 19 inorganics in TW from 13 (7 public supply, 6 private well self-supply) home and 12 (public supply) workplace locations in 11 states. Only uranium (61.9 μg L–1, private well) exceeded a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation maximum contaminant level (MCL: 30 μg L–1). Lead was detected in 23 samples (MCL goal: zero). Seventy-five organics were detected at least once, with median detections of 5 and 17 compounds in self-supply and public supply samples, respectively (corresponding maxima: 12 and 29). Disinfection byproducts predominated in public supply samples, comprising 21% of all detected and 6 of the 10 most frequently detected. Chemicals designed to be bioactive (26 pesticides, 10 pharmaceuticals) comprised 48% of detected organics. Site-specific cumulative exposure–activity ratios (∑EAR) were calculated for the 36 detected organics with ToxCast data. Because these detections are fractional indicators of a largely uncharacterized contaminant space, ∑EAR in excess of 0.001 and 0.01 in 74 and 26% of public supply samples, respectively, provide an argument for prioritized assessment of cumulative effects to vulnerable populations from trace-level TW exposures.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.8b04622","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Kolpin, D.W., Romanok, K.M., Smalling, K.L., Focazio, M.J., Brown, J.B., Cardon, M.C., Carpenter, K.D., Corsi, S., DeCicco, L.A., Dietze, J.E., Evans, N., Furlong, E.T., Givens, C., Gray, J.L., Griffin, D.W., Higgins, C.P., Hladik, M., Iwanowicz, L., Journey, C.A., Kuivila, K., Masoner, J.R., McDonough, C.A., Meyer, M.T., Orlando, J.L., Strynar, M.J., Weis, C., and Wilson, V.S., 2018, Reconnaissance of mixed organic and inorganic chemicals in private and public supply tapwaters at selected residential and workplace sites in the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 52, no. 23, p. 13972-13985, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04622.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"13972","endPage":"13985","ipdsId":"IP-094503","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6742431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VP8W7C","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Drop by Drop: US Geological Survey research on contaminants in drinking water across the US."},{"id":359981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0a4357e4b0815414d2812c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M. 0000-0002-8472-8765 kromanok@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-8765","contributorId":189680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin","email":"kromanok@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920 ksmall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":190789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly","email":"ksmall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Juliane B. 0000-0001-7455-7627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-7627","contributorId":205654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Juliane","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cardon, Mary C.","contributorId":190792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cardon","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. 0000-0002-6231-8335 kdcar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-8335","contributorId":127442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. 0000-0003-0583-5536 srcorsi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-5536","contributorId":172002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeCicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487 ldecicco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-9487","contributorId":174716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Laura","email":"ldecicco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dietze, Julie E. 0000-0002-5936-5739 juliec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-5739","contributorId":3939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietze","given":"Julie","email":"juliec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Evans, Nicola","contributorId":184087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Givens, Carrie E. 0000-0003-2543-9610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-9610","contributorId":205657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givens","given":"Carrie E.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Higgins, Christopher P. 0000-0001-6220-8673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6220-8673","contributorId":205659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":189904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle L.","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":753237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":150383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R. ","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":753238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":753239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":753240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Masoner, Jason R. 0000-0002-4829-6379 jmasoner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-6379","contributorId":3193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"Jason","email":"jmasoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"McDonough, Carrie A. 0000-0001-5152-8495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5152-8495","contributorId":205664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonough","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221 jorlando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":190788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James","email":"jorlando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Strynar, Mark J. 0000-0003-3472-7921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3472-7921","contributorId":205666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strynar","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36773,"text":"USEPA NERL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Weis, Christopher P.","contributorId":210216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weis","given":"Christopher P.","affiliations":[{"id":35644,"text":"National Institute of Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Wilson, Vickie S. 0000-0003-1661-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-8481","contributorId":184092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Vickie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70232610,"text":"70232610 - 2018 - Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen criterion attainment deficit: Three decades of temporal and spatial patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T11:46:08.609739","indexId":"70232610","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-21T06:42:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen criterion attainment deficit: Three decades of temporal and spatial patterns","docAbstract":"Low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions are a recurring issue in waters of Chesapeake Bay, with detrimental effects on aquatic living resources. The Chesapeake Bay Program partnership has developed criteria guidance supporting the definition of state water quality standards and associated assessment procedures for DO and other parameters, which provides a binary classification of attainment or impairment. Evaluating time series of these two outcomes alone, however, provides limited information on water quality change over time or space. Here we introduce an extension of the existing Chesapeake Bay water quality criterion assessment framework to quantify the amount of impairment shown by space-time exceedance of DO criterion (“attainment deficit”) for a specific tidal management unit (i.e., segment). We demonstrate the usefulness of this extended framework by applying it to Bay segments for each 3-year assessment period between 1985 and 2016. In general, the attainment deficit for the most recent period assessed (i.e., 2014–2016) is considerably worse for deep channel (DC; n = 10) segments than open water (OW; n = 92) and deep water (DW; n = 18) segments. Most subgroups – classified by designated uses, salinity zones, or tidal systems – show better (or similar) attainment status in 2014–2016 than their initial status (1985–1987). Some significant temporal trends (p < 0.1) were detected, presenting evidence on the recovery for portions of Chesapeake Bay with respect to DO criterion attainment. Significant, improving trends were observed in seven OW segments, four DW segments, and one DC segment over the 30 3-year assessment periods (1985–2016). Likewise, significant, improving trends were observed in 15 OW, five DW, and four DC segments over the recent 15 assessment periods (2000–2016). Subgroups showed mixed trends, with the Patuxent, Nanticoke, and Choptank Rivers experiencing significant, improving short-term (2000–2016) trends while Elizabeth experiencing a significant, degrading short-term trend. The general lack of significantly improving trends across the Bay suggests that further actions will be necessary to achieve full attainment of DO criterion. Insights revealed in this work are critical for understanding the dynamics of the Bay ecosystem and for further assessing the effectiveness of management initiatives aimed toward Bay restoration.
The Long Strait Basin is both a stand alone petroleum province and an assessment unit (AU) that lies offshore in the East Siberian Sea north of Chukotka and south of Wrangel Island. This basin is known only on the basis of gravity data and a single proprietary seismic line. In the absence of more specific data, its position and regional setting suggest that it may have petroleum geologic characteristics similar to the nearby Hope Basin.
Because the geology and petroleum potential of the Long Strait Basin are so poorly known, only a single AU was defined for this study area. An overall probability of ~0.08 (8 percent) of at least one petroleum accumulation larger than 50 million barrels of oil equivalent was determined on the basis of estimated probabilities of the occurrence of petroleum source, adequate reservoir, trap and seal, and favorable timing. Because this probability falls below the 10 percent probability cutoff used in the U.S. Geological Survey’s Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal, no quantitative assessment of sizes and numbers of petroleum accumulations was conducted for this AU.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1824AA","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., Houseknecht, D.W., and Pitman, J.K., 2018, Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008, chap. AA of Moore, T.E., and Gautier, D.L., eds., The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824AA.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 7 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050996","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/aa/pp1824aa_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"45 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter AA Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"- Input Data for the Long Strait Basin Assessment Unit"},{"id":359571,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/aa/pp1824aa.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1824 Chapter AA"},{"id":359570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/aa/coverthb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Long Strait Basin Province","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
FAX 650-329-4936
The U.S. Geological Survey collected continuous water-temperature data in select tributaries of the lowermost 80 kilometers (50 miles) of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon, during summers 2016 and 2017. Point measurements of water temperature and water quality (dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH) also were collected at multiple locations and depths within the river and in the lower reaches of three major tributaries (Clackamas and Molalla Rivers, and Johnson Creek). These datasets were collected to identify potential locations of cold-water refuges for sensitive fish species, and to characterize daily, seasonal, and spatial variability in water conditions. These datasets may be useful for local municipalities that are required to identify cold-water refuges (as defined in State of Oregon water-quality standards) and determine approaches for protecting and enhancing these features as part of their Willamette River water-temperature Total Maximum Daily Load implementation plans. This report documents the data collection methods, provides summary graphs and maps of the water-temperature data, and outlines steps for accessing the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lake Oswego, City of Wilsonville, Meyer Memorial Trust, and Benton Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Mangano, J.F., Piatt, D.R., Jones, K.L, and Rounds, S.A., 2018, Water temperature in tributaries, off-channel features, and main channel of the lower Willamette River, northwestern Oregon, summers 2016 and 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018-1184, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181184.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099746","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1184/ofr20181184.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1184"},{"id":359615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1184/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lower Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.85736083984375,\n 45.268121280142886\n ],\n [\n -122.57995605468749,\n 45.268121280142886\n ],\n [\n -122.57995605468749,\n 45.66108710567762\n ],\n [\n -122.85736083984375,\n 45.66108710567762\n ],\n [\n -122.85736083984375,\n 45.268121280142886\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
Remote-sensing-based maps of tidal marshes, both of their extents and carbon stocks, will play a key role in conducting greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories.
The U.N. Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre has produced a new Global Distribution of Salt Marsh dataset that estimates global salt marsh area at 5.5 Mha.
A Tier 1–2 GHG Inventory of U.S. Coastal Wetlands has been developed using the NOAA Coastal-Change Analysis Program Landsat-based land cover maps as a primary dataset.
180Successful mapping of tidal marsh biomass with optical satellite images provides opportunity to improve GHG Inventories.
Further work is needed to map tidal marsh salinity gradients, the extent of tidal vs. non-tidal marshes, methane emissions, and high-resolution elevation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A blue carbon primer: The state of coastal wetland carbon science, practice and policy","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/9780429435362-14","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., Mcowen, C., Weatherdon, L., Holmquist, J., and Crooks, S., 2018, Status of tidal marsh mapping for blue carbon inventories, chap. of A blue carbon primer: The state of coastal wetland carbon science, practice and policy, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429435362-14.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079453","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0a4357e4b0815414d2812e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mcowen, Chris","contributorId":211096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mcowen","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38181,"text":"U.N. Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Programme","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weatherdon, Lauren","contributorId":211097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherdon","given":"Lauren","affiliations":[{"id":38181,"text":"U.N. Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Programme","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmquist, James","contributorId":204126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmquist","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crooks, Stephen","contributorId":211098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":38182,"text":"Silvestrum Climate Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200385,"text":"ofr20181165 - 2018 - The Pothole Hydrology-Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS)—Development and application of a systems model for prairie-pothole wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T16:17:51","indexId":"ofr20181165","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-20T11:06:30","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1165","displayTitle":"The Pothole Hydrology-Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS)—Development and Application of a Systems Model for Prairie-Pothole Wetlands","title":"The Pothole Hydrology-Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS)—Development and application of a systems model for prairie-pothole wetlands","docAbstract":"The North American Prairie Pothole Region covers about 770,000 square kilometers of the United States and Canada (including parts of 5 States and 3 provinces: North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Minnesota, Iowa, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta). The Laurentide Ice Sheet shaped the landscape of the region about 12,000 to 14,000 years ago. The retreat of the ice sheet left behind low-permeability glacial till and a landscape dotted with millions of depressions known today as prairie potholes. The wetlands that subsequently formed in these depressions, prairie-pothole wetlands, provide critical migratory-bird habitat and support dynamic aquatic communities. Extensive grasslands and productive agricultural systems surround these wetland ecosystems. In prairie-pothole wetlands, the compositions of plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate communities are highly dependent on hydrogeochemical conditions. Regional climate shifts between wet and dry periods affect the length of time that wetlands contain ponded surface water and the chemistry of that ponded water. Land-use change can exacerbate or reduce the effects of climate on wetland hydrology and water chemistry.
A mechanistic understanding of the relation among climate, land use, hydrology, chemistry, and biota in prairie-pothole wetlands is needed to better understand the complex, and often interacting, effects of climate and land use on prairie-pothole wetland systems and to facilitate climate and land-use change adaptation efforts. The Pothole Hydrology-Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS) model was developed to address this need. The model simulates water-surface elevation dynamics in prairie-pothole wetlands and quantifies changes in salinity. The PHyLiSS model is unique among other wetland models because it accommodates differing sizes and morphometries of wetland basins, is not dependent on a priori designations of wetland class, and allows for functional changes associated with dynamic shifts in ecohydrological states. The PHyLiSS model also has the capability to simulate wetland salinity, and potential future iterations will also simulate the effects of changing hydrology and geochemical conditions on biota. This report documents the development of the hydrological and geochemical components of the PHyLiSS model and provides example applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181165","usgsCitation":"McKenna, O.P., Mushet, D.M., Scherff, E.J., McLean, K.I., and Mills, C.T., 2018, The Pothole Hydrology-Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS)—Development and application of a systems model for prairie-pothole wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Report 2018–1165, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181165.","productDescription":"vii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-098927","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1165/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359587,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1165/ofr20181165.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1165"},{"id":359588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b840f3ee4b05f6e321b4f04","text":"Pothole Hydrology Linked Systems Simulator (PHyLiSS)"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Reliable species identification is vital for survey and monitoring programs. Recently, the development of digital technology for recording and analyzing vocalizations has assisted in acoustic surveying for cryptic, rare, or elusive species. However, the quantitative tools that exist for species differentiation are still being refined. Using vocalizations recorded in the course of ecological studies of a King Rail (Rallus elegans) and a Clapper Rail (Rallus crepitans) population, we assessed the accuracy and effectiveness of three parametric (logistic regression, discriminant function analysis, quadratic discriminant function analysis) and six nonparametric (support vector machine, CART, Random Forest, k‐nearest neighbor, weighted k‐nearest neighbor, and neural networks) statistical classification methods for differentiating these species by their kek mating call. We identified 480 kek notes of each species and quantitatively characterized them with five standardized acoustic parameters. Overall, nonparametric classification methods outperformed parametric classification methods for species differentiation (nonparametric tools were between 57% and 81% accurate, parametric tools were between 57% and 60% accurate). Of the nine classification methods, Random Forest was the most accurate and precise, resulting in 81.1% correct classification of kek notes to species. This suggests that the mating calls of these sister species are likely difficult for human observers to tell apart. However, it also implies that appropriate statistical tools may allow reasonable species‐level classification accuracy of recorded calls and provide an alternative to species classification where other capture‐ or genotype‐based survey techniques are not possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4711","usgsCitation":"Stiffler, L.L., Schroeder, K.M., Anderson, J.T., McRae, S.B., and Katzner, T., 2018, Quantitative acoustic differentiation of cryptic species illustrated with King and Clapper rails: Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 24, p. 12821-12831, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4711.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12821","endPage":"12831","ipdsId":"IP-098069","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4711","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bffb75ce4b0815414ca8e46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stiffler, Lydia L.","contributorId":198904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiffler","given":"Lydia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, Katie M.","contributorId":210850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6999,"text":"Department of Biology, East Carolina University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McRae, Susan B.","contributorId":210851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McRae","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6999,"text":"Department of Biology, East Carolina University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200973,"text":"70200973 - 2018 - Insect communities in big sagebrush habitat are altered by wildfire and post‐fire restoration seeding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T09:40:36","indexId":"70200973","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-20T11:01:08","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2003,"text":"Insect Conservation and Diversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insect communities in big sagebrush habitat are altered by wildfire and post‐fire restoration seeding","docAbstract":"Shoreline retreat is a tremendously important issue along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico, especially in Louisiana. Although this marine transgression results from a variety of causes, the crucial factor is the difference between marsh surface elevation and rising sea levels. In most cases, the primary cause of a marsh's inability to keep up with sea level is the lack of input of inorganic material. Although tropical cyclones provide an important source of such sediment, little effort has been made to determine the point of origin of the deposited material. In this study we use sedimentary, geochemical and biogeochemical data to identify the bed of the Pearl River and/or Lake Borgne as the source of a ~5 cm thick clastic layer deposited on the surface of the Pearl River marsh on the Louisiana/Mississippi border. Radiochemical chronologies and sedimentary evidence indicate that this layer was associated with the passage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. As this material would otherwise have been lost to the system, this deposition indicates a net gain to marsh surface elevation. Accretion rates, determined from 137Cs and 14C profiles and the use of the Katrina layer as a stratigraphic marker, indicate that short-term (~50 years) rates are as much as an order of magnitude higher than the long- term (1000s of years) rates. We suggest that the marsh's geologic setting in an incised river valley with steep vertical constraints and a large fluvial discharge, promotes rapid accretion rates, with rates accelerating as the sea moves inland, due to extended hydroperiods and the input of clastic material from both the marine and terrestrial sides. These rates are especially large when compared to accretion occurring in the more common open marshes fringing the Gulf that lack fluvial input. The difference is particularly large when related to marsh recovery/regrowth following the deposition of thick hurricane-generated clastic layers. Given the number of similar incised river valleys along the Gulf Coast, we believe that understanding the processes controlling marsh accretion in such environments is essential in evaluating marsh sustainability on a regional basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2018.00179","usgsCitation":"McCloskey, T.A., Smith, C.G., Liu, K., and Nelson, P.R., 2018, The effects of tropical cyclone-generated deposition on the sustainability of the Pearl River marsh, Louisiana: The importance of the geologic framework: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, 179; 21 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00179.","productDescription":"179; 21 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-097886","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":460808,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00179","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y2R3LV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sedimentary data from the lower Pearl River, Louisiana, USA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Pearl River Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.77133862607873,\n 30.180430652787265\n ],\n [\n -89.77133862607873,\n 29.961815885432074\n ],\n [\n -89.43518813692441,\n 29.961815885432074\n ],\n [\n -89.43518813692441,\n 30.180430652787265\n ],\n [\n -89.77133862607873,\n 30.180430652787265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0a4357e4b0815414d28130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCloskey, Terrence A. 0000-0003-3979-3821 tmccloskey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-3821","contributorId":200684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCloskey","given":"Terrence","email":"tmccloskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Kam-Biu","contributorId":209677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Kam-Biu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Paul R.","contributorId":194023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200983,"text":"70200983 - 2018 - Structural evolution of a gold-bearing transtensional zone within the Archean Porcupine-Destor deformation zone, southern Abitibi greenstone belt, eastern Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:40:31","indexId":"70200983","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-20T10:40:19","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural evolution of a gold-bearing transtensional zone within the Archean Porcupine-Destor deformation zone, southern Abitibi greenstone belt, eastern Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"The Garrison camp comprises four structurally distinct orogenic gold deposits that formed in different host lithologies during progressive deformation. Detailed field mapping, drill core logging, and geochronological constraints suggest that the 2678 ± 2 Ma Garrison granitic stock played a fundamental rheological role in the location of the four deposits. Initial local shear movement occurred along the southwestern margin of the stock leading to the development of the NW-trending sinistral NE-side-up Buffonta shear zone, which hosts the Buffonta deposit. Subsequently, a transtensional zone formed between the NE-trending sinistral Porcupine-Destor and Munro deformation zones, which host the 903 and Jonpol deposits, respectively. Finally, a local change in shortening orientation from NE to NNW caused westerly directed extension resulting in the formation of the younger gold-bearing veins composing the Garrcon deposit. In situ U-Pb laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry performed on monazite grains formed within the shear fabric of the Munro deformation zone indicates that transtension occurred at 2657 ± 15 Ma. Therefore, at least three of the four deposits formed subsequent to crystallization of the Garrison granitic stock. The reported U-Pb dates represent the first direct age constraints on the movement along a gold-bearing deformation zone in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2018.09.012","usgsCitation":"Nassif, M., Kuiper, Y., Goldfarb, R.J., Monecke, T., and Holm-Denoma, C.S., 2018, Structural evolution of a gold-bearing transtensional zone within the Archean Porcupine-Destor deformation zone, southern Abitibi greenstone belt, eastern Ontario, Canada: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 117, p. 203-218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.09.012.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"218","ipdsId":"IP-097123","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 47.923704717745686\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 47.923704717745686\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 49.19965350270188\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 49.19965350270188\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 47.923704717745686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b68e4b045bfcae28002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nassif, Miguel T.","contributorId":210727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nassif","given":"Miguel T.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuiper, Yvette D.","contributorId":210728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuiper","given":"Yvette D.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":210729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monecke, Thomas","contributorId":210730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monecke","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203072,"text":"70203072 - 2018 - Energy-rich mesopelagic fishes revealed as a critical prey resource for a deep-diving predator using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T10:05:12","indexId":"70203072","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-20T10:04:52","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy-rich mesopelagic fishes revealed as a critical prey resource for a deep-diving predator using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis","docAbstract":"Understanding the diet of deep-diving predators can provide essential insight to the trophic structure of the mesopelagic ecosystem. Comprehensive population-level diet estimates are exceptionally difficult to obtain for elusive marine predators due to the logistical challenges involved in observing their feeding behavior and collecting samples for traditional stomach content or fecal analyses. We used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) to estimate the diet composition of a wide-ranging mesopelagic predator, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), across five years. To implement QFASA, we first compiled a library of prey fatty acid (FA) profiles from the mesopelagic eastern North Pacific. Given the scarcity of a priori diet data for northern elephant seals, our prey library was necessarily large to encompass the range of potential prey in their foraging habitat. However, statistical constraints limit the number of prey species that can be included in the prey library to the number of dietary FAs in the analysis. Exceeding that limit could produce non-unique diet estimates (i.e., multiple diet estimates fit the data equally well). Consequently, we developed a novel ad-hoc method to identify which prey were unlikely to contribute to diet and could, therefore, be excluded from the final QFASA model. The model results suggest that seals predominantly consumed small mesopelagic fishes, including myctophids (lanternfishes) and bathylagids (deep sea smelts), while non-migrating mesopelagic squids comprised a third of their diet, substantially less than suggested by previous studies. Our results revealed that mesopelagic fishes, particularly energy-rich myctophids, were a critical prey resource, refuting the long-held view that elephant seals are squid specialists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2018.00430","usgsCitation":"Goetsch, C., Conners, M.G., Budge, S.M., Mitani, Y., Walker, W.A., Bromaghin, J.F., Simmons, S.E., Reichmuth, C., and Costa, D.P., 2018, Energy-rich mesopelagic fishes revealed as a critical prey resource for a deep-diving predator using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 5, no. 430, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00430.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00430","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goetsch, Chandra","contributorId":214868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetsch","given":"Chandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conners, Melinda G. 0000-0003-0572-0026","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-0026","contributorId":214869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conners","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budge, Suzanne M.","contributorId":92168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budge","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitani, Yoko","contributorId":214870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitani","given":"Yoko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, William A","contributorId":140360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":13471,"text":"NMML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simmons, Samantha E.","contributorId":156320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmons","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":20313,"text":"Marine Mammal Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reichmuth, Colleen","contributorId":214871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichmuth","given":"Colleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Costa, Daniel P.","contributorId":141212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costa","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70200908,"text":"ofr20181175 - 2018 - Population genomic surveys for six rare plant species in San Diego County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T14:24:27","indexId":"ofr20181175","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-19T10:53:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1175","displayTitle":"Population Genomic Surveys for Six Rare Plant Species in San Diego County, California","title":"Population genomic surveys for six rare plant species in San Diego County, California","docAbstract":"San Diego County is a hotspot of biodiversity, situated at the intersection of the Baja peninsula, the California floristic province, and the desert southwest. This hotspot is characterized by a high number of rare and endemic species, which persist alongside a major urban epicenter. San Diego County has implemented a strategic management plan that identifies species, based on low numbers of occurrences or high level of threat, for which management practices are recommended. In creating a management plan for rare species, it is important to strike a balance between preserving locally adapted traits and maintaining genetic diversity, as species’ ranges fluctuate in response to a changing climate and habitat fragmentation. This project, in partnership with the San Diego Natural History Museum, aims to provide a reference point for the current status of genetic diversity of rare plant species that will inform future preservation and restoration efforts. We focused on six threatened or endangered plant species: Acanthomintha ilicifolia, Baccharis vanessae, Chloropyron maritimum ssp. maritimum, Deinandra conjugens, Dicranostegia orcuttiana, and Monardella viminea. For each species, botanists from the San Diego Natural History Museum visited all known occurrences in San Diego County and collected leaf tissue for genetic and cytological analysis. We then developed a panel of genetic markers to estimate genetic diversity and population structure. This population genetic survey provided insight into the amount of genetic differentiation across each species’ range, identified isolated occurrences potentially subject to inbreeding or genetic bottlenecks, and identified areas that are rich sources of allelic diversity. Finally, we convened a panel of experts to review results and compatible management options for each species. A summary of the management workshop is included in this report. Overall, we found low genetic differentiation among occurrences across the San Diego region for all species, with the exception of A. ilicifolia. Relative inbreeding was low and consistent across sites, and genetic diversity across sites was variable, with noted exceptions. These findings allow for a wide array of management options that are compatible with panmictic population structure in five of the six surveyed species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Diego Association of Governments","usgsCitation":"Milano, E.R., and Vandergast, A.G., 2018, Population genomic surveys for six rare plant species in San Diego County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1175, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181175.","productDescription":"vii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101386","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437680,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OWNCG8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genotypes for six rare plant species found in San Diego County in 2016-2017"},{"id":359551,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1175/ofr20181175.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1175"},{"id":359550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1175/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"221\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"San Diego\",\"state\":\"CA\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-117.489,33.5045],[-117.476,33.5042],[-117.452,33.5047],[-117.38,33.5048],[-117.366,33.5045],[-117.371,33.4919],[-117.366,33.4895],[-117.242,33.4477],[-117.241,33.4317],[-117.137,33.4319],[-117.125,33.4319],[-117.082,33.4321],[-117.052,33.4315],[-117.03,33.4315],[-117.03,33.4314],[-117.031,33.4269],[-116.996,33.4269],[-116.952,33.4269],[-116.948,33.4271],[-116.947,33.4273],[-116.883,33.4272],[-116.858,33.4266],[-116.807,33.4268],[-116.793,33.4269],[-116.791,33.4269],[-116.721,33.427],[-116.7,33.427],[-116.68,33.4269],[-116.669,33.4271],[-116.667,33.4272],[-116.651,33.4277],[-116.633,33.4277],[-116.496,33.4277],[-116.446,33.428],[-116.393,33.4282],[-116.39,33.4277],[-116.32,33.428],[-116.302,33.4284],[-116.284,33.4284],[-116.197,33.4296],[-116.18,33.4291],[-116.163,33.4286],[-116.111,33.4275],[-116.093,33.4274],[-116.083,33.4271],[-116.082,33.4125],[-116.082,33.3989],[-116.082,33.3839],[-116.082,33.3799],[-116.082,33.3644],[-116.082,33.2533],[-116.082,33.2363],[-116.081,33.1631],[-116.08,33.1489],[-116.081,33.1339],[-116.081,33.1199],[-116.08,33.1061],[-116.08,33.0915],[-116.08,33.0755],[-116.082,33.0756],[-116.103,33.0749],[-116.102,33.0471],[-116.103,33.0031],[-116.102,32.8563],[-116.102,32.8135],[-116.099,32.7253],[-116.106,32.7251],[-116.106,32.7251],[-116.106,32.6385],[-116.106,32.6162],[-116.107,32.6161],[-116.111,32.6158],[-116.124,32.6149],[-116.126,32.6147],[-116.139,32.6137],[-116.14,32.6136],[-116.154,32.6124],[-116.209,32.6078],[-116.272,32.6029],[-116.278,32.6025],[-116.28,32.6023],[-116.311,32.5998],[-116.398,32.5926],[-116.448,32.5885],[-116.62,32.5743],[-116.635,32.573],[-116.668,32.5702],[-116.674,32.5697],[-116.683,32.5688],[-116.683,32.5689],[-116.688,32.5685],[-116.688,32.5683],[-116.691,32.5685],[-116.714,32.5663],[-116.746,32.5635],[-116.772,32.5613],[-116.8,32.5587],[-116.82,32.5569],[-116.855,32.5541],[-116.873,32.5527],[-116.894,32.5509],[-116.926,32.5485],[-117.033,32.5385],[-117.114,32.5315],[-117.119,32.5309],[-117.124,32.5309],[-117.124,32.5311],[-117.126,32.54],[-117.126,32.5422],[-117.127,32.5472],[-117.127,32.5478],[-117.128,32.5514],[-117.129,32.5532],[-117.132,32.5581],[-117.132,32.5592],[-117.133,32.5641],[-117.133,32.5673],[-117.133,32.5792],[-117.134,32.5792],[-117.138,32.5798],[-117.135,32.58],[-117.133,32.5883],[-117.135,32.6025],[-117.136,32.6028],[-117.137,32.6042],[-117.136,32.6139],[-117.136,32.6145],[-117.136,32.615],[-117.138,32.6211],[-117.139,32.6239],[-117.142,32.6311],[-117.143,32.6322],[-117.144,32.6331],[-117.144,32.6336],[-117.146,32.6353],[-117.147,32.6383],[-117.148,32.6403],[-117.154,32.6506],[-117.158,32.6567],[-117.16,32.6589],[-117.16,32.6592],[-117.161,32.6636],[-117.168,32.6717],[-117.169,32.6723],[-117.184,32.6836],[-117.185,32.6839],[-117.192,32.6869],[-117.193,32.6864],[-117.197,32.6869],[-117.208,32.6869],[-117.209,32.6869],[-117.21,32.6867],[-117.212,32.6867],[-117.218,32.6852],[-117.222,32.6837],[-117.224,32.683],[-117.224,32.6834],[-117.226,32.6864],[-117.228,32.6925],[-117.228,32.6937],[-117.226,32.6994],[-117.226,32.7004],[-117.225,32.7036],[-117.224,32.7039],[-117.219,32.7095],[-117.209,32.7131],[-117.209,32.7133],[-117.208,32.7139],[-117.206,32.7142],[-117.204,32.7142],[-117.201,32.7145],[-117.199,32.7145],[-117.198,32.7145],[-117.198,32.7143],[-117.186,32.7067],[-117.184,32.7055],[-117.175,32.701],[-117.17,32.6998],[-117.165,32.6955],[-117.164,32.6923],[-117.164,32.6907],[-117.165,32.6844],[-117.168,32.6792],[-117.164,32.6769],[-117.164,32.6771],[-117.159,32.6803],[-117.157,32.6811],[-117.156,32.6803],[-117.154,32.6749],[-117.155,32.6741],[-117.156,32.6739],[-117.158,32.6733],[-117.16,32.6673],[-117.154,32.6601],[-117.152,32.6578],[-117.152,32.6575],[-117.152,32.6561],[-117.151,32.6558],[-117.15,32.6564],[-117.149,32.6564],[-117.149,32.6558],[-117.148,32.6556],[-117.147,32.6553],[-117.145,32.6537],[-117.146,32.6528],[-117.141,32.6433],[-117.141,32.6429],[-117.139,32.6381],[-117.141,32.6339],[-117.139,32.6325],[-117.138,32.6317],[-117.138,32.6314],[-117.134,32.6328],[-117.133,32.6328],[-117.132,32.6317],[-117.132,32.6314],[-117.132,32.63],[-117.13,32.6295],[-117.13,32.6289],[-117.129,32.6253],[-117.129,32.6247],[-117.128,32.6222],[-117.129,32.6222],[-117.132,32.6151],[-117.132,32.6107],[-117.13,32.6083],[-117.127,32.6069],[-117.126,32.6059],[-117.122,32.6033],[-117.122,32.5967],[-117.122,32.5894],[-117.122,32.5881],[-117.121,32.5875],[-117.12,32.5877],[-117.119,32.5897],[-117.116,32.5928],[-117.116,32.5994],[-117.116,32.5995],[-117.115,32.5979],[-117.114,32.5914],[-117.114,32.5914],[-117.113,32.5908],[-117.109,32.5894],[-117.108,32.5895],[-117.101,32.5917],[-117.091,32.5973],[-117.091,32.5978],[-117.092,32.5987],[-117.093,32.6],[-117.093,32.6003],[-117.095,32.6022],[-117.094,32.605],[-117.1,32.6125],[-117.102,32.6131],[-117.114,32.6108],[-117.114,32.615],[-117.112,32.6172],[-117.11,32.6169],[-117.101,32.6146],[-117.098,32.615],[-117.1,32.6219],[-117.102,32.6217],[-117.108,32.6329],[-117.108,32.6348],[-117.11,32.6363],[-117.119,32.6475],[-117.12,32.6603],[-117.123,32.6605],[-117.121,32.665],[-117.124,32.6667],[-117.126,32.6667],[-117.124,32.6675],[-117.122,32.6683],[-117.121,32.6689],[-117.124,32.6692],[-117.121,32.6709],[-117.12,32.6711],[-117.12,32.6713],[-117.12,32.6725],[-117.12,32.6727],[-117.122,32.6725],[-117.124,32.6717],[-117.124,32.6714],[-117.123,32.6747],[-117.126,32.6736],[-117.126,32.6739],[-117.126,32.6745],[-117.125,32.675],[-117.123,32.6758],[-117.123,32.6767],[-117.127,32.6761],[-117.126,32.6767],[-117.124,32.6786],[-117.125,32.6789],[-117.126,32.6783],[-117.128,32.6772],[-117.126,32.68],[-117.13,32.6789],[-117.129,32.6803],[-117.131,32.6803],[-117.132,32.6808],[-117.132,32.6811],[-117.131,32.6817],[-117.13,32.6819],[-117.129,32.6828],[-117.129,32.6831],[-117.131,32.6828],[-117.133,32.6822],[-117.132,32.6833],[-117.131,32.6845],[-117.132,32.6847],[-117.132,32.6853],[-117.133,32.685],[-117.135,32.6839],[-117.134,32.6853],[-117.135,32.6867],[-117.138,32.685],[-117.139,32.6867],[-117.139,32.6872],[-117.141,32.6875],[-117.145,32.6897],[-117.147,32.6908],[-117.147,32.6911],[-117.145,32.6919],[-117.148,32.6925],[-117.151,32.6931],[-117.153,32.6945],[-117.153,32.6951],[-117.154,32.6955],[-117.156,32.6967],[-117.158,32.6978],[-117.16,32.6983],[-117.16,32.6991],[-117.161,32.7009],[-117.161,32.7016],[-117.161,32.7029],[-117.161,32.7033],[-117.162,32.7035],[-117.163,32.7033],[-117.166,32.7039],[-117.17,32.7071],[-117.17,32.7075],[-117.174,32.7095],[-117.176,32.7114],[-117.176,32.7122],[-117.177,32.7139],[-117.174,32.7178],[-117.173,32.7189],[-117.174,32.7192],[-117.174,32.7229],[-117.178,32.7272],[-117.179,32.7272],[-117.184,32.7262],[-117.188,32.7245],[-117.188,32.7241],[-117.189,32.7239],[-117.19,32.7241],[-117.194,32.7247],[-117.196,32.7249],[-117.197,32.725],[-117.201,32.7281],[-117.203,32.7286],[-117.209,32.7398],[-117.215,32.7246],[-117.216,32.7244],[-117.219,32.7217],[-117.22,32.7219],[-117.223,32.7197],[-117.223,32.72],[-117.222,32.7155],[-117.225,32.713],[-117.233,32.7077],[-117.235,32.7089],[-117.235,32.7095],[-117.235,32.71],[-117.233,32.7122],[-117.231,32.7175],[-117.235,32.7169],[-117.235,32.7169],[-117.235,32.7156],[-117.233,32.7158],[-117.234,32.7131],[-117.235,32.7122],[-117.236,32.7119],[-117.234,32.7037],[-117.236,32.7],[-117.236,32.6994],[-117.237,32.6992],[-117.237,32.7009],[-117.238,32.7017],[-117.24,32.6973],[-117.24,32.6944],[-117.239,32.6942],[-117.239,32.6922],[-117.24,32.692],[-117.239,32.6903],[-117.237,32.6908],[-117.237,32.6906],[-117.238,32.6901],[-117.236,32.6903],[-117.234,32.6889],[-117.234,32.6886],[-117.235,32.6836],[-117.235,32.6834],[-117.238,32.6798],[-117.236,32.6719],[-117.241,32.6651],[-117.242,32.6647],[-117.244,32.665],[-117.245,32.6675],[-117.246,32.67],[-117.246,32.6731],[-117.247,32.6736],[-117.247,32.6753],[-117.248,32.6775],[-117.249,32.6792],[-117.251,32.6836],[-117.251,32.6875],[-117.253,32.6922],[-117.254,32.695],[-117.255,32.6983],[-117.256,32.6989],[-117.256,32.6997],[-117.256,32.7003],[-117.257,32.7123],[-117.257,32.7198],[-117.258,32.7259],[-117.256,32.7281],[-117.257,32.7292],[-117.255,32.7468],[-117.257,32.7483],[-117.258,32.7489],[-117.259,32.7495],[-117.259,32.7503],[-117.256,32.7486],[-117.255,32.7483],[-117.253,32.7503],[-117.252,32.7508],[-117.24,32.7558],[-117.239,32.7561],[-117.231,32.7573],[-117.23,32.7572],[-117.227,32.7578],[-117.223,32.7581],[-117.222,32.7586],[-117.224,32.7597],[-117.228,32.7592],[-117.236,32.7586],[-117.244,32.7569],[-117.248,32.7567],[-117.249,32.7567],[-117.253,32.7561],[-117.252,32.7575],[-117.245,32.7581],[-117.244,32.7586],[-117.243,32.7596],[-117.242,32.7619],[-117.241,32.7614],[-117.24,32.7611],[-117.237,32.7617],[-117.243,32.7645],[-117.242,32.7653],[-117.241,32.7669],[-117.241,32.7673],[-117.24,32.7674],[-117.229,32.7681],[-117.223,32.7667],[-117.223,32.7667],[-117.222,32.7664],[-117.218,32.7651],[-117.218,32.7647],[-117.213,32.7653],[-117.211,32.7664],[-117.211,32.7672],[-117.21,32.7725],[-117.21,32.7742],[-117.211,32.7759],[-117.211,32.7767],[-117.211,32.7769],[-117.211,32.7775],[-117.213,32.7797],[-117.211,32.7831],[-117.209,32.7878],[-117.211,32.7894],[-117.21,32.7911],[-117.21,32.7914],[-117.21,32.7925],[-117.216,32.7964],[-117.212,32.7936],[-117.214,32.7928],[-117.215,32.7925],[-117.216,32.7923],[-117.219,32.7931],[-117.221,32.7944],[-117.221,32.7947],[-117.225,32.7936],[-117.225,32.7939],[-117.227,32.7933],[-117.232,32.7839],[-117.239,32.7806],[-117.239,32.7809],[-117.246,32.7911],[-117.249,32.7905],[-117.249,32.7906],[-117.249,32.785],[-117.248,32.7833],[-117.248,32.7811],[-117.248,32.7809],[-117.25,32.7817],[-117.25,32.7783],[-117.25,32.7784],[-117.248,32.7795],[-117.247,32.7789],[-117.247,32.7777],[-117.248,32.7773],[-117.248,32.7769],[-117.249,32.7767],[-117.251,32.7758],[-117.249,32.7736],[-117.248,32.7725],[-117.247,32.7739],[-117.245,32.7725],[-117.246,32.7709],[-117.246,32.7711],[-117.244,32.7708],[-117.243,32.7704],[-117.243,32.7689],[-117.249,32.7697],[-117.248,32.7608],[-117.248,32.7608],[-117.247,32.7617],[-117.246,32.7622],[-117.246,32.7622],[-117.245,32.7608],[-117.249,32.7592],[-117.255,32.7597],[-117.255,32.7875],[-117.255,32.7886],[-117.256,32.7903],[-117.256,32.7905],[-117.256,32.7939],[-117.257,32.7953],[-117.26,32.7956],[-117.259,32.7964],[-117.257,32.7972],[-117.262,32.8044],[-117.264,32.8061],[-117.268,32.8072],[-117.269,32.8089],[-117.269,32.8094],[-117.27,32.8105],[-117.273,32.814],[-117.275,32.8183],[-117.277,32.8189],[-117.278,32.8192],[-117.281,32.8214],[-117.281,32.8217],[-117.281,32.8233],[-117.28,32.8259],[-117.28,32.8272],[-117.281,32.8278],[-117.281,32.8284],[-117.281,32.8289],[-117.282,32.83],[-117.283,32.8317],[-117.282,32.8339],[-117.282,32.8351],[-117.27,32.8497],[-117.268,32.8492],[-117.261,32.8536],[-117.258,32.8567],[-117.255,32.8619],[-117.255,32.8625],[-117.257,32.8664],[-117.256,32.8669],[-117.256,32.8667],[-117.254,32.8672],[-117.254,32.8675],[-117.252,32.8736],[-117.252,32.8737],[-117.251,32.8747],[-117.253,32.8822],[-117.255,32.9033],[-117.256,32.905],[-117.258,32.9103],[-117.258,32.9125],[-117.259,32.9136],[-117.259,32.9139],[-117.259,32.915],[-117.259,32.9153],[-117.259,32.92],[-117.261,32.9345],[-117.269,32.9631],[-117.271,32.9736],[-117.271,32.9747],[-117.272,32.9759],[-117.272,32.9781],[-117.274,32.9872],[-117.274,32.9875],[-117.275,32.9908],[-117.275,32.9919],[-117.277,32.9967],[-117.272,33.0047],[-117.264,33.0078],[-117.298,33.0439],[-117.303,33.0589],[-117.309,33.0839],[-117.309,33.0872],[-117.308,33.0841],[-117.306,33.0841],[-117.305,33.0853],[-117.303,33.0867],[-117.303,33.087],[-117.299,33.0873],[-117.298,33.0878],[-117.298,33.0875],[-117.295,33.0875],[-117.292,33.0878],[-117.29,33.0883],[-117.289,33.0886],[-117.275,33.0897],[-117.272,33.0909],[-117.277,33.0922],[-117.277,33.0925],[-117.279,33.0928],[-117.281,33.0911],[-117.281,33.0911],[-117.296,33.0909],[-117.302,33.0919],[-117.303,33.0917],[-117.305,33.0907],[-117.306,33.0898],[-117.308,33.0896],[-117.309,33.0893],[-117.311,33.0886],[-117.315,33.0873],[-117.321,33.1042],[-117.33,33.1236],[-117.335,33.1292],[-117.35,33.1507],[-117.354,33.1565],[-117.354,33.1571],[-117.377,33.1847],[-117.381,33.1903],[-117.396,33.2064],[-117.4,33.2083],[-117.402,33.2114],[-117.403,33.2114],[-117.398,33.2164],[-117.404,33.2058],[-117.407,33.2097],[-117.41,33.2286],[-117.415,33.2333],[-117.416,33.2331],[-117.416,33.2328],[-117.417,33.2339],[-117.421,33.235],[-117.433,33.2511],[-117.446,33.2672],[-117.447,33.2681],[-117.454,33.2764],[-117.461,33.2842],[-117.461,33.2845],[-117.463,33.2875],[-117.47,33.2953],[-117.518,33.3422],[-117.524,33.3472],[-117.528,33.3497],[-117.578,33.38],[-117.582,33.3817],[-117.583,33.3814],[-117.592,33.3842],[-117.58,33.4533],[-117.569,33.4513],[-117.558,33.4511],[-117.542,33.454],[-117.511,33.4698],[-117.511,33.4799],[-117.51,33.5053],[-117.489,33.5045]]],[[[-117.2144,32.7783],[-117.2141,32.7778],[-117.2142,32.7777],[-117.2142,32.7775],[-117.2145,32.7773],[-117.2147,32.7769],[-117.2151,32.7767],[-117.2153,32.7767],[-117.2156,32.7767],[-117.2164,32.7772],[-117.2165,32.7772],[-117.2167,32.7772],[-117.2175,32.7778],[-117.2181,32.7781],[-117.2186,32.7781],[-117.2187,32.7781],[-117.2189,32.7781],[-117.2191,32.7778],[-117.2193,32.7777],[-117.2194,32.7775],[-117.2194,32.7769],[-117.219,32.7765],[-117.2186,32.7761],[-117.2183,32.7756],[-117.2182,32.7755],[-117.218,32.7753],[-117.2178,32.775],[-117.2175,32.7747],[-117.2169,32.7745],[-117.2164,32.7742],[-117.2156,32.7739],[-117.2153,32.7736],[-117.2151,32.7735],[-117.215,32.7734],[-117.2145,32.7731],[-117.2139,32.7728],[-117.2136,32.7728],[-117.213,32.7725],[-117.2125,32.7722],[-117.2122,32.772],[-117.212,32.7715],[-117.2119,32.7714],[-117.2117,32.7708],[-117.2113,32.77],[-117.2116,32.7695],[-117.2119,32.7686],[-117.2133,32.7679],[-117.2134,32.7678],[-117.2137,32.7675],[-117.2139,32.7672],[-117.2144,32.7669],[-117.215,32.7667],[-117.2156,32.7664],[-117.2158,32.7664],[-117.2167,32.7667],[-117.2169,32.7669],[-117.2172,32.7672],[-117.2178,32.7681],[-117.2181,32.7683],[-117.218,32.7686],[-117.2181,32.7689],[-117.2183,32.7697],[-117.2186,32.77],[-117.2192,32.7703],[-117.2197,32.7711],[-117.22,32.7717],[-117.22,32.7722],[-117.22,32.7725],[-117.2203,32.7728],[-117.2206,32.7728],[-117.2208,32.7728],[-117.2211,32.7728],[-117.2214,32.7728],[-117.2219,32.7725],[-117.2222,32.7723],[-117.2222,32.7719],[-117.2219,32.7717],[-117.2217,32.7714],[-117.2214,32.7711],[-117.2211,32.7708],[-117.2208,32.7706],[-117.2206,32.7703],[-117.2197,32.7694],[-117.2195,32.7692],[-117.2195,32.7689],[-117.2197,32.7686],[-117.22,32.7684],[-117.2206,32.7683],[-117.2211,32.7681],[-117.2212,32.7681],[-117.2214,32.7681],[-117.2217,32.7681],[-117.2222,32.7683],[-117.2223,32.7684],[-117.2231,32.7686],[-117.2233,32.7689],[-117.2233,32.769],[-117.2242,32.7692],[-117.2244,32.7692],[-117.2247,32.7692],[-117.2253,32.7694],[-117.2258,32.7697],[-117.2264,32.7697],[-117.2267,32.7697],[-117.2268,32.7697],[-117.2269,32.7697],[-117.2272,32.7697],[-117.2273,32.7697],[-117.2275,32.7697],[-117.2283,32.77],[-117.2286,32.7703],[-117.2289,32.7706],[-117.2289,32.7709],[-117.2289,32.7711],[-117.2286,32.7717],[-117.2284,32.7719],[-117.2281,32.7723],[-117.2278,32.7725],[-117.2275,32.7728],[-117.2274,32.7729],[-117.2267,32.7739],[-117.2264,32.7742],[-117.2261,32.7742],[-117.2258,32.7742],[-117.2256,32.7742],[-117.2253,32.7744],[-117.2253,32.7747],[-117.2253,32.7756],[-117.225,32.7758],[-117.2248,32.7761],[-117.2244,32.7764],[-117.2242,32.7767],[-117.2239,32.7773],[-117.2236,32.7778],[-117.2236,32.7779],[-117.2234,32.7783],[-117.2233,32.7785],[-117.2233,32.7786],[-117.223,32.7792],[-117.223,32.7793],[-117.2225,32.78],[-117.2222,32.7803],[-117.2219,32.7809],[-117.2217,32.7811],[-117.2213,32.7814],[-117.2211,32.7819],[-117.2206,32.7828],[-117.2204,32.7831],[-117.2202,32.7833],[-117.2197,32.7841],[-117.2195,32.7843],[-117.2194,32.7844],[-117.2192,32.785],[-117.2191,32.7851],[-117.2189,32.7856],[-117.2186,32.7858],[-117.2184,32.7864],[-117.2181,32.7867],[-117.2178,32.7875],[-117.2176,32.7877],[-117.2174,32.788],[-117.2173,32.7883],[-117.2169,32.7886],[-117.2163,32.7889],[-117.2162,32.789],[-117.2158,32.7892],[-117.2153,32.7892],[-117.215,32.7892],[-117.2142,32.7889],[-117.2139,32.7886],[-117.2136,32.7883],[-117.2133,32.7881],[-117.213,32.7878],[-117.213,32.7875],[-117.213,32.7872],[-117.2131,32.7869],[-117.2131,32.7867],[-117.2133,32.7864],[-117.2136,32.7861],[-117.2137,32.7861],[-117.2139,32.7858],[-117.2141,32.7855],[-117.2144,32.7855],[-117.2147,32.7853],[-117.2152,32.785],[-117.2153,32.785],[-117.2158,32.7847],[-117.2163,32.7843],[-117.2164,32.7841],[-117.2166,32.7836],[-117.2166,32.7835],[-117.2167,32.7834],[-117.2169,32.7829],[-117.2169,32.7828],[-117.2169,32.7822],[-117.2169,32.7821],[-117.2169,32.782],[-117.2167,32.7813],[-117.2167,32.7811],[-117.2164,32.7808],[-117.2161,32.7806],[-117.2156,32.7803],[-117.215,32.7797],[-117.215,32.7794],[-117.2148,32.7792],[-117.2147,32.7792],[-117.2145,32.7786],[-117.2145,32.7785],[-117.2144,32.7783]]],[[[-117.2328,32.7764],[-117.233,32.7758],[-117.233,32.7756],[-117.233,32.7753],[-117.233,32.775],[-117.233,32.7747],[-117.2331,32.7744],[-117.233,32.7742],[-117.2331,32.7733],[-117.2333,32.7731],[-117.2336,32.7723],[-117.2336,32.7719],[-117.2342,32.7717],[-117.2343,32.7717],[-117.2345,32.7717],[-117.235,32.7714],[-117.2359,32.7711],[-117.2361,32.7711],[-117.2372,32.7711],[-117.2373,32.7711],[-117.2375,32.7711],[-117.2378,32.7711],[-117.2379,32.7711],[-117.238,32.7711],[-117.2386,32.7709],[-117.2389,32.7708],[-117.239,32.7708],[-117.2391,32.7709],[-117.2397,32.7711],[-117.24,32.7714],[-117.2403,32.7717],[-117.2408,32.7725],[-117.2408,32.7727],[-117.2408,32.7728],[-117.2411,32.7733],[-117.2414,32.7739],[-117.2417,32.7742],[-117.2417,32.7744],[-117.2422,32.775],[-117.2425,32.7753],[-117.2428,32.7758],[-117.2428,32.7761],[-117.2425,32.7764],[-117.2425,32.7765],[-117.2414,32.7769],[-117.2412,32.777],[-117.2411,32.777],[-117.2406,32.7772],[-117.2404,32.7773],[-117.2403,32.7773],[-117.24,32.7773],[-117.2398,32.7772],[-117.2397,32.7772],[-117.2389,32.7773],[-117.2386,32.7769],[-117.2386,32.7767],[-117.2383,32.7764],[-117.2381,32.7761],[-117.2379,32.7763],[-117.2378,32.7764],[-117.2375,32.7767],[-117.2375,32.7769],[-117.2375,32.7772],[-117.2375,32.7775],[-117.2374,32.7778],[-117.2373,32.778],[-117.2372,32.778],[-117.237,32.7781],[-117.2367,32.7781],[-117.2365,32.7781],[-117.2364,32.7781],[-117.2361,32.7781],[-117.2359,32.7781],[-117.2347,32.7783],[-117.2345,32.7785],[-117.2344,32.7786],[-117.2339,32.7789],[-117.2337,32.7789],[-117.2336,32.7789],[-117.2331,32.7792],[-117.2328,32.7795],[-117.2325,32.7795],[-117.2322,32.7792],[-117.2322,32.7789],[-117.2322,32.7786],[-117.2325,32.7775],[-117.2328,32.7767],[-117.2328,32.7764]]]]}}]}","contact":"Director,
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Exotic species are associated with a variety of impacts on biodiversity, but it is unclear whether impacts of exotic species differ from those of native species with similar growth forms or native species invading disturbed sites. We compared presence and abundance of native and exotic invaders with changes in wetland plant species diversity over a 28-year period by re-surveying 22 ponds to identify factors correlated with observed changes. We also compared communities found within dense patches of native and exotic emergent species with similar habits. Within patches, we found no categorical diversity differences between areas dominated by native or exotic emergent species. At the pond scale, the cover of the exotic grass Phragmites australis best predicted change in diversity and evenness over time, likely owing to its significant increase in coverage over the study period. These changes in diversity and evenness were strongest in younger, less successionally-advanced ponds. Changes associated with cover of P. australis in these ponds were not consistent with expected diversity decreases, but instead with a dampening of diversity gains, such that the least-invaded ponds increased in diversity the most over the study period. There were more mixed effects on evenness, ranging from a reduction in evenness gains to actual losses of evenness in the ponds with highest invader cover. In this wetland complex, the habit, origin and invasiveness of species contribute to diversity responses in a scale- and context-dependent fashion. Future efforts to preserve diversity should focus on preventing the arrival and spread of invaders that have the potential to cover large areas at high densities, regardless of their origin. Future studies should also investigate more thoroughly how changes in diversity associated with species invasions are impacted by other ongoing ecosystem changes.
A total of seven independent ML ≥ 4.0 earthquakes occurred in the Los Angeles, California, basin, during the early instrumental period between 1932 and 1952, the largest of which was the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Revising available macroseismic and instrumental data for a total of 6 4.0 ≤ ML ≤ 5.1 events between 1938 and 1944, we conclude that early instrumental locations can be grossly inconsistent with detailed macroseismic data. We use available macroseismic data to revisit event locations. We further present evidence that most if not all of these moderate earthquakes may have been induced by oil production. We quantify the predicted stress change associated with production from eight oil fields in the southwestern Los Angeles basin and show that frictional failure would have been encouraged beneath and at the periphery of high-volume fields, with stress changes upward of 0.1 MPa at 5-km depth. The results suggest that if earthquakes are induced by stress changes associated with production, the magnitudes of events might tend to be limited by the limited spatial extent of lobes of increased Coulomb failure stress. It further appears that the advent of fluid injection recovery methods (water-flooding) around 1960 mitigated induced earthquake risk considerably.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2017JB014616","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., and Bilham, R., 2018, Revisiting earthquakes in the Los Angeles, California, basin during the early instrumental period: Evidence for an association with oil production: JGR Solid Earth, v. 123, no. 12, p. 10684-10705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB014616.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"10684","endPage":"10705","ipdsId":"IP-088079","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jb014616","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -118.6,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -118.6,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilham, Roger","contributorId":225117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilham","given":"Roger","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200967,"text":"70200967 - 2018 - Landscape topoedaphic features create refugia from drought and insect disturbance in a lodgepole and whitebark pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T14:52:38","indexId":"70200967","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-19T10:07:47","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape topoedaphic features create refugia from drought and insect disturbance in a lodgepole and whitebark pine forest","docAbstract":"Droughts and insect outbreaks are primary disturbance processes linking climate change to tree mortality in western North America. Refugia from these disturbances—locations where impacts are less severe relative to the surrounding landscape—may be priorities for conservation, restoration, and monitoring. In this study, hypotheses concerning physical and biological processes supporting refugia were investigated by modelling the landscape controls on disturbance refugia that were identified using remotely sensed vegetation indicators. Refugia were identified at 30-m resolution using anomalies of Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Moisture Index in lodgepole and whitebark pine forests in southern Oregon, USA, in 2001 (a single-year drought with no insect outbreak) and 2009 (during a multi-year drought and severe outbreak of mountain pine beetle). Landscape controls on refugia (topographic, soil, and forest characteristics) were modeled using boosted regression trees. Landscape characteristics better explained and predicted refugia locations in 2009, when forest impacts were greater, than in 2001. Refugia in lodgepole and whitebark pine forests were generally associated with topographically shaded slopes, convergent environments such as valleys, areas of relatively low soil bulk density, and in thinner forest stands. In whitebark pine forest, refugia were associated with riparian areas along headwater streams. Spatial patterns in evapotranspiration, snowmelt dynamics, soil water storage, and drought-tolerance and insect-resistance abilities may help create refugia from drought and mountain pine beetle. Identification of the landscape characteristics supporting refugia can help forest managers target conservation resources in an era of climate-change exacerbation of droughts and insect outbreaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/f9110715","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., 2018, Landscape topoedaphic features create refugia from drought and insect disturbance in a lodgepole and whitebark pine forest: Forests, v. 9, no. 11, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110715.","productDescription":"Article 715; 35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-090482","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f9110715","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7SWX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Analysis of remotely-sensed vegetation conditions during droughts and a mountain pine beetle outbreak, Gearhart Mountain Wilderness, Oregon"},{"id":359541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Gearhart Mountain Wilderness","volume":"9","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf3d9efe4b045bfcae0c9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216317,"text":"70216317 - 2018 - Factors affecting disaster preparedness, response, and recovery using the community capitals framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T15:58:36.28529","indexId":"70216317","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-19T09:54:53","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1263,"text":"Coastal Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting disaster preparedness, response, and recovery using the community capitals framework","docAbstract":"Disaster research often focuses on how and why communities are affected by a discrete extreme event. We used the community capitals framework to understand how community characteristics influence their preparedness, response to, and recovery from successive or multiple disasters using the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake and the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill as case studies. This study assesses community response to these disasters by reviewing published literature on impacts to create profiles for six communities and by identifying community capitals before and during these disasters, and throughout the long-term recovery. While the presence of rich natural capitals commonly contributed resources to pre-disaster planning and long-term recovery, restriction of resource access immediately following the disasters was detrimental to many communities. Communities with strong political, social, and financial capitals tended to fare better immediately following disasters, enabling longer-term processes of transformation or recovery. However, in some communities the oil spill undermined these capitals more than the earthquake and resulting tsunami. In understanding how use and reliance on community capitals can lead to varied recovery success from different kinds of disasters, these findings can help coastal managers and planners prepare for future disasters.
Commercial harvest is often considered as a primary cause of fish population declines in marine and inland systems throughout the world. However, much of the data supporting the negative attributes of commercial harvest are derived from marine fisheries and may not be directly applicable to inland fisheries. In this study, over 60 years of commercial fishery data from the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) was synthesized to better understand how inland commercial fisheries function and to address concerns associated with the exploitation of aquatic resources in freshwater systems. Overall, total commercial harvest in the UMR remained relatively stable over the study period and did not negatively influence fish populations or recreational fisheries. Our results address concerns associated with inland fisheries and highlight how proper management and interagency partnerships result in consistent and productive fisheries over large spatial and temporal scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10176","usgsCitation":"Klein, Z.B., Quist, M.C., Miranda, L.E., Marron, M., Steuck, M.J., and Hansen, K., 2018, Commercial fisheries of the Upper Mississippi River: A model of sustainability: Fisheries, v. 43, no. 12, p. 563-574, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10176.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"574","ipdsId":"IP-094655","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.40768874426848,\n 45.44578094299786\n ],\n [\n -93.5510265111121,\n 45.927348716387\n ],\n [\n -94.47551141342484,\n 45.30663733236807\n ],\n [\n -91.77175178842725,\n 43.55433213663363\n ],\n [\n -90.67552773270134,\n 41.92945937573012\n ],\n [\n -91.41851749358094,\n 41.24043278852881\n ],\n [\n -91.98125111504882,\n 39.847137062222544\n ],\n [\n -90.73062298680244,\n 38.701503373656664\n ],\n [\n -89.45195963675133,\n 36.8723224905751\n ],\n [\n -88.99491128586835,\n 37.404039993637454\n ],\n [\n -90.631643681729,\n 40.26739023626229\n ],\n [\n -89.70072165174093,\n 42.19938080522675\n ],\n [\n -92.40768874426848,\n 45.44578094299786\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Zachary B.","contributorId":171709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":929430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marron, Michelle M.","contributorId":351770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marron","given":"Michelle M.","affiliations":[{"id":84041,"text":"widnr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steuck, Michael J.","contributorId":146497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steuck","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":15311,"text":"Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, Kirk A.","contributorId":351772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Kirk A.","affiliations":[{"id":48632,"text":"iadnr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199970,"text":"sir20185121 - 2018 - Relating cyanobacteria and physicochemical water-quality properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T14:20:04","indexId":"sir20185121","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-19T06:54:31","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5121","displayTitle":"Relating Cyanobacteria and Physicochemical Water-Quality Properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14","title":"Relating cyanobacteria and physicochemical water-quality properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14","docAbstract":"Cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) are naturally present members of phytoplankton assemblages that may detract from beneficial uses of water because some strains produce cyanotoxins that pose health hazards to people and animals. Cyanobacteria populations observed in Willow Creek Lake during 2012 through 2014 were compared to external nutrient loading from the Willow Creek drainage basin and several other physicochemical properties within the lake, including internal nutrient loading. This report is part of a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District, the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, the Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.
Cyanobacteria concentrations were quantified using weekly microcystin sampling, intermittent algal taxonomy, and hourly in-situ phycocyanin measurements. External and internal nutrient loads, lake water physical characteristics, and local meteorological conditions were evaluated as potential causes of cyanobacterial blooms. A water balance approach that estimated Willow Creek Lake inflow and outflow volumes identified Willow Creek as the major inflow and groundwater flux as the major outflow for the lake. Nutrient concentrations from several water sources were quantified and combined with flow volumes to compute nutrient loads during the study period.
Surface flows contributed most external nutrients to the lake, whereas lake nutrients were exported during groundwater losses. The main stem of Willow Creek accounted for most nitrate loads to the lake, whereas total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and phosphate loads to the lake were more evenly distributed between Willow Creek and the North Tributary, a smaller drainage. Sediment core incubations determined internal phosphorus loading was a negligible component of the overall nutrient load to the lake.
Cyanobacterial responses were compared to nutrient loads and other external factors that could potentially affect algal growth. A series of univariate comparisons were made by plotting those factors against phycocyanin using biweekly summaries of each and a multivariate model that incorporated seasonality and cumulative nitrate loading. Although the multivariate model only incorporated cumulative nitrate, both nitrogen and phosphorus are likely contributing to cyanobacterial population growth, and management efforts may benefit from the recognition of differences in nutrient loading characteristics between the monitored basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District, Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Nebraska Environmental Trust, and University of Nebraska–Lincoln","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., Hall, B.M., and Thomas, S.A., 2018, Relating cyanobacteria and physicochemical water-quality properties in Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5121, 43 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185121.","productDescription":"Report: x, 43 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073831","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359466,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5121/sir20185121.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5121"},{"id":359467,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RBDQI5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Monitoring Data for Willow Creek Lake, Nebraska, 2012–14"},{"id":359465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5121/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Willow Creek Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.1667,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -97.3333,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -97.3333,\n 42.333\n ],\n [\n -98.1667,\n 42.333\n ],\n [\n -98.1667,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually funds small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 11 projects funded in fiscal year 2017, outlining their goals, activities, and outputs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181154","usgsCitation":"Hsu, L., Allstadt, K.E., Bell, T.M., Boydston, E.E., Erickson, R.A., Everette, A.L., Lentz, E., Peters, J., Reichert, B.E., Nagorsen, S., Sherba, J.T., Signell, R.P., Wiltermuth, M.T., and Young, J.A., 2018, Community for Data Integration fiscal year 2017 funded project report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1154, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181154.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099013","costCenters":[{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1154/ofr20181154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1154"},{"id":359451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1154/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
108 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The geologic map of the northern half of the Lake Walcott 30ʹ×60ʹ quadrangle shows the volcanic geology of the southern part of the Craters of the Moon lava field, the complex geologic features of the Holocene Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, and the southern part of the Great Rift volcanic rift zone. The long extent and distribution of skylights in lava-tube systems of the Horse Butte and Wapi Park lava fields are depicted on this map. 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar age determinations give detail to the Holocene, late Pleistocene, and late middle Pleistocene volcanic lava fields in this quadrangle. Most of the younger basalt eruptions (less than 150 thousand years [ka]) have occurred along the Great Rift volcanic rift zone, but two of the younger lava fields are located in the western part of the quadrangle. Kimama Butte, a shield volcano, is 87±11 ka, and Shale Butte is dated at 11±6 ka. Paleomagnetic studies have shown that the Horse Butte-Inferno Chasm eruptive fissure system has at least five paleomagnetic-correlative lava fields, the Claasen vent complex consists of at least seven correlative lava fields, and the Streifling-Flat Top vent complex includes at least four correlative lava fields.
This map provides geologic, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic data for Holocene lava fields along the southern part of the Great Rift, and for late Pleistocene and late middle Pleistocene lava fields in the central and western parts of the quadrangle. These data can contribute to wise management and preservation of the Craters of the Moon National Monument and for broad-scale understanding of the basaltic-volcanic evolution of the eastern Snake River Plain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3405","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Kuntz, M.A., Champion, D.E., Turrin, B.R., Gans, P.B., Covington, H.R., and VanSistine, D.P., 2018, Geologic map of the north half of the Lake Walcott 30'×60' quadrangle, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 3405, pamphlet 25 p., scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3405.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Sheet: 49.75 x 34.00 inches; Read Me; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-084554","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3405/sim3405_sheet_georeferenced.pdf","text":"Map","size":"75.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3405 Hillshaded Map"},{"id":358861,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3405/sim3405_Readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.00 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3405 Read Me"},{"id":358862,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VQ30VZ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for Geologic Map of the north half of the Lake Walcott 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Idaho"},{"id":359523,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3405/sim3405_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3405 Pamphlet"},{"id":358856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3405/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 42.75\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 42.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-980
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Sediment transport past rocky headlands has received less attention compared to transport along beaches. Here we explore, in a field-based study, possible pathways for sediment movement adjacent to Point Dume, a headland in Santa Monica Bay, California. This prominent shoreline feature is a nearly symmetrical, triangular-shaped promontory interior to the Santa Monica Littoral Cell. We collected current, wave, and turbidity data for 74 days during which several wave events occurred, including one associated with a remote hurricane and another generated by the first winter storm of 2014. We also acquired sediment samples to quantify seabed grain-size distributions. Near-bottom currents towards the headland dominated on both of its sides and wave-driven longshore currents in the surf zone were faster on the exposed side. Bed shear stresseswere generated mostly by waves with minor contributions from currents, but both wave-driven and other currents contributed to sediment flux. On the wave-exposed west side of the headland, suspended sediment concentrations correlated with bed stress suggesting local resuspension whereas turbidity levels on the sheltered east side of the headland are more easily explained by advective delivery. Most of the suspended sediment appears to be exported offshore due to flow separation at the apex of the headland but may not move far given that sediment fluxes at moorings offshore of the apex were small. Further, wave-driven sediment flux in the surf zone is unlikely to pass the headland due to the discontinuity in wave forcing that causes longshore transport in different directions on each side of the headland. It is thus unlikely that sand is transported past the headland (specifically in a westerly direction), although some transport of finer fractions may occur offshore in deep water. These findings of minimal sediment flux past Point Dume are consistent with its role as a littoral cell boundary, although more complex multi-stage processes and unusual events may account for some transport at times.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011","usgsCitation":"George, D.A., Largier, J.L., Storlazzi, C.D., Robart, M.J., and Gaylord, B., 2018, Currents, waves and sediment transport around the headland of Pt. Dume, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 171, p. 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-091841","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.10.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pt. Dume","volume":"171","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5b9e4b045bfcadf7f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Douglas A.","contributorId":60328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Largier, John L.","contributorId":175121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Largier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robart, Matthew J.","contributorId":210665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robart","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38129,"text":"UCD/BML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaylord, Brian","contributorId":210666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaylord","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38129,"text":"UCD/BML","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198512,"text":"sir20185097 - 2018 - Chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater of Ohio, 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T14:13:05","indexId":"sir20185097","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-16T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5097","displayTitle":"Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Methane in Groundwater of Ohio, 2016","title":"Chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater of Ohio, 2016","docAbstract":"In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority, investigated the hydrogeologic setting, chemical and isotopic characteristics, and origin of methane in groundwater of Ohio. Understanding the occurrence and distribution of methane in groundwater is important in terms of public safety because methane in water wells can pose a risk of explosion. In addition, documenting the chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater can make an important contribution to future stray gas investigations.
Water samples were collected from 15 domestic water wells known to produce methane, which were in 12 counties in diverse parts of Ohio. The wells were 75–345 feet deep and tapped a range of aquifer types, including glacial deposits and bedrock of Upper Ordovician, Upper Devonian, Lower Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian ages. Although the hydrogeologic settings were varied, there was a broad similarity among the well sites in that the bedrock was predominantly shale and the glacial deposits were predominantly clay.
The wells were sampled for dissolved inorganic constituents; dissolved organic carbon; methane and other dissolved gases; stable isotopes (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) of methane, water, and dissolved inorganic carbon; and carbon-14 of methane. Gas composition and stable isotopes of methane were used to differentiate thermogenic and microbial methane. The degree of fractionation of hydrogen and carbon isotopes was used to evaluate the pathway of microbial methanogenesis (carbon dioxide [CO2] reduction or acetate fermentation) and the effects of secondary processes such as oxidation, mixing, and migration. The concentration of carbon-14 of methane was used to evaluate the relative age of the carbon source.
The quality of water from the 15 wells differed greatly; water types ranged from CaMgHCO3 to NaCl, and total dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 318 to 2,940 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Methane concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 120 mg/L. Of the 15 samples, 12 had methane concentrations greater than 28 mg/L, the level that can pose a risk of explosion.
Of the 15 samples, 12 had chemical and isotopic characteristics or \"signatures\" consistent with microbial methane formed by CO2 reduction. CO2 reduction is commonly associated with microbial degradation of organic matter in anaerobic aquifers and with the formation of microbial shale gas and coalbed methane along margins of sedimentary basins. Two of 15 samples were interpreted as having a component of thermogenic methane based on the δ13C of methane (−50.96 and −47.74 parts per thousand [per mil]) and gas dryness (28 and 5). One of 15 samples (from the shallowest well) had chemical and isotopic characteristics consistent with methane oxidation by sulfate reduction based on light δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (−31.6 per mil) and evidence of sulfate reduction in terms of the odor and appearance of the water.
For the 12 samples interpreted as microbial methane formed by CO2 reduction, the δ13C of methane varied from −75 to −56 per mil. Multiple samples from the same aquifer demonstrated a general trend of increasing δ13C of methane with depth. Samples with lighter δ13C of methane (−75 to −62 per mil) were from shallower wells (or wells with shallow open intervals), and the isotopic signature of the water was consistent with modern or postglacial groundwater recharge. Three samples with heavier δ13C of methane (−61 to −56 per mil) were from deeper wells or more confined aquifers where the isotopic signature of water was consistent with older (glacial) recharge. In addition, δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon was enriched (+12 to +18.9 per mil), and carbon-14 of methane was consistent with carbon associated with Paleozoic bedrock or older glacial deposits. These observations are generally consistent with increased Rayleigh-type fractionation at greater depths; however, other interpretations are possible. Isotopic signatures can be ambiguous, especially in areas with complex geologic histories that include multiple episodes of migration, mixing, and (or) oxidation.
Many of the wells were in proximity to multiple potential natural and anthropogenic pathways of methane migration; however, it is not possible to determine if the methane in any of the wells is related to human activities based on the chemical and isotopic data collected for this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., 2018, Chemical and isotopic characteristics of methane in groundwater of Ohio, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5097, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185097.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095132","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5097/sir20185097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5097"},{"id":359468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5097/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.835118,41.708971],[-82.82572,41.72281],[-82.820409,41.724549],[-82.810487,41.720524],[-82.782719,41.694003],[-82.793069,41.664692],[-82.827011,41.633701],[-82.842099,41.628323],[-82.843602,41.647009],[-82.835118,41.708971]]],[[[-82.700208,41.61219],[-82.691123,41.611331],[-82.68015,41.61897],[-82.677772,41.617986],[-82.680669,41.594611],[-82.686033,41.587246],[-82.702027,41.585437],[-82.735766,41.600982],[-82.735707,41.603361],[-82.718802,41.619629],[-82.70731,41.619609],[-82.703438,41.617734],[-82.700208,41.61219]]],[[[-81.725583,39.215835],[-81.733357,39.205868],[-81.737085,39.193836],[-81.741533,39.189596],[-81.752754,39.184676],[-81.755754,39.180976],[-81.756254,39.177276],[-81.743565,39.141933],[-81.744838,39.130898],[-81.742153,39.116777],[-81.745453,39.098078],[-81.752353,39.089878],[-81.760753,39.084078],[-81.775554,39.078378],[-81.785554,39.078578],[-81.803055,39.083878],[-81.810655,39.083278],[-81.813855,39.079278],[-81.811655,39.059578],[-81.803355,39.047678],[-81.772854,39.026179],[-81.764253,39.015279],[-81.765153,39.002579],[-81.774062,38.993682],[-81.776723,38.985142],[-81.775734,38.980737],[-81.78182,38.964935],[-81.778845,38.955892],[-81.756975,38.937152],[-81.756131,38.933545],[-81.759995,38.925828],[-81.76976,38.92273],[-81.781248,38.924804],[-81.793372,38.930204],[-81.806137,38.942112],[-81.814235,38.946168],[-81.827354,38.945898],[-81.831516,38.943697],[-81.844486,38.928746],[-81.845312,38.910088],[-81.848653,38.901407],[-81.855971,38.892734],[-81.889233,38.874279],[-81.898541,38.874582],[-81.910312,38.879294],[-81.928,38.893492],[-81.926671,38.901311],[-81.90091,38.924338],[-81.89847,38.929603],[-81.900595,38.937671],[-81.933186,38.987659],[-81.941829,38.993295],[-81.951447,38.996032],[-81.967769,38.992955],[-81.979371,38.993193],[-81.982032,38.995697],[-81.987061,39.011978],[-81.994961,39.022478],[-82.002261,39.027878],[-82.017562,39.030078],[-82.035963,39.025478],[-82.041563,39.017878],[-82.045663,39.003778],[-82.051563,38.994378],[-82.091565,38.973778],[-82.094865,38.964578],[-82.109065,38.945579],[-82.111666,38.932579],[-82.128866,38.909979],[-82.143167,38.898079],[-82.145267,38.883479],[-82.139224,38.86502],[-82.144867,38.84048],[-82.16157,38.824632],[-82.179478,38.817376],[-82.191172,38.815137],[-82.20929,38.802672],[-82.217269,38.79568],[-82.221566,38.787187],[-82.220449,38.773739],[-82.216614,38.76835],[-82.198882,38.757725],[-82.195606,38.752441],[-82.193268,38.741182],[-82.188268,38.734082],[-82.182467,38.708782],[-82.190167,38.687382],[-82.190867,38.680383],[-82.186067,38.666783],[-82.185567,38.659583],[-82.179067,38.648883],[-82.172667,38.629684],[-82.172066,38.619284],[-82.177267,38.603784],[-82.188767,38.594984],[-82.205171,38.591719],[-82.222168,38.591384],[-82.245969,38.598483],[-82.26207,38.598183],[-82.27427,38.593683],[-82.291271,38.578983],[-82.293871,38.572683],[-82.293271,38.560283],[-82.295671,38.538483],[-82.303971,38.517683],[-82.304223,38.496308],[-82.310639,38.483172],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.323999,38.449268],[-82.330335,38.4445],[-82.34064,38.440948],[-82.381773,38.434783],[-82.389746,38.434355],[-82.404882,38.439347],[-82.529579,38.405182],[-82.549799,38.403202],[-82.569368,38.406258],[-82.588249,38.415489],[-82.596921,38.426705],[-82.600761,38.437425],[-82.604089,38.459841],[-82.610458,38.471457],[-82.618474,38.477089],[-82.637707,38.484449],[-82.657051,38.496816],[-82.675724,38.515504],[-82.689965,38.53592],[-82.700045,38.544336],[-82.730958,38.559264],[-82.763695,38.560399],[-82.779472,38.559023],[-82.800112,38.563183],[-82.820161,38.572703],[-82.844306,38.590862],[-82.854291,38.613454],[-82.856791,38.632878],[-82.856291,38.646078],[-82.859391,38.660378],[-82.863291,38.669277],[-82.874892,38.682827],[-82.877592,38.690177],[-82.870392,38.722077],[-82.871292,38.739376],[-82.879492,38.751476],[-82.889193,38.756076],[-82.894193,38.756576],[-82.923694,38.750076],[-82.943147,38.74328],[-82.968695,38.728776],[-82.979395,38.725976],[-83.011816,38.730057],[-83.030702,38.72572],[-83.053104,38.695831],[-83.064319,38.688976],[-83.084226,38.68109],[-83.102746,38.677316],[-83.112372,38.671685],[-83.122547,38.6592],[-83.128973,38.640231],[-83.135046,38.631719],[-83.142836,38.625076],[-83.156926,38.620547],[-83.202453,38.616956],[-83.211027,38.618578],[-83.232404,38.627569],[-83.245572,38.627936],[-83.254558,38.623403],[-83.264011,38.621535],[-83.26851,38.615104],[-83.286514,38.599241],[-83.294193,38.596588],[-83.307832,38.600824],[-83.317542,38.609242],[-83.322383,38.630615],[-83.327636,38.637489],[-83.356445,38.654009],[-83.384755,38.663171],[-83.420194,38.668428],[-83.446989,38.670143],[-83.468059,38.67547],[-83.493342,38.694187],[-83.504365,38.699256],[-83.520953,38.703045],[-83.533339,38.702105],[-83.569098,38.692842],[-83.615736,38.684145],[-83.626922,38.679387],[-83.636208,38.670584],[-83.642994,38.643273],[-83.649737,38.632753],[-83.663911,38.62793],[-83.679484,38.630036],[-83.704006,38.639724],[-83.713405,38.641591],[-83.720779,38.646704],[-83.74992,38.649613],[-83.769347,38.65522],[-83.775761,38.666748],[-83.78362,38.695641],[-83.787113,38.699489],[-83.798549,38.704668],[-83.821854,38.709575],[-83.836696,38.717857],[-83.841689,38.724264],[-83.846207,38.74229],[-83.852085,38.751433],[-83.859028,38.756793],[-83.873168,38.762418],[-83.926986,38.771562],[-83.928454,38.774583],[-83.943978,38.783616],[-83.962123,38.787384],[-83.978814,38.787104],[-84.044486,38.770572],[-84.071491,38.770475],[-84.108836,38.779247],[-84.135088,38.789485],[-84.155912,38.794909],[-84.198358,38.80092],[-84.212904,38.805707],[-84.2253,38.817665],[-84.231306,38.830552],[-84.233727,38.853576],[-84.232132,38.880483],[-84.234453,38.893226],[-84.25701,38.923208],[-84.279916,38.945168],[-84.288164,38.955789],[-84.295076,38.968295],[-84.297255,38.989694],[-84.304698,39.006455],[-84.31368,39.016981],[-84.326539,39.027463],[-84.346039,39.036963],[-84.360439,39.041362],[-84.38684,39.045162],[-84.406941,39.045662],[-84.42573,39.053059],[-84.429841,39.058262],[-84.432341,39.067561],[-84.432941,39.083961],[-84.434641,39.086861],[-84.432841,39.094261],[-84.435541,39.102261],[-84.445242,39.114461],[-84.455342,39.12036],[-84.470542,39.12146],[-84.476243,39.11916],[-84.487743,39.11076],[-84.496543,39.10026],[-84.509743,39.09366],[-84.524644,39.09216],[-84.541344,39.09916],[-84.550844,39.09936],[-84.572144,39.08206],[-84.607928,39.073238],[-84.620112,39.073457],[-84.632446,39.07676],[-84.657246,39.09546],[-84.684847,39.100459],[-84.718548,39.137059],[-84.732048,39.144458],[-84.744149,39.147458],[-84.754449,39.146658],[-84.766749,39.138558],[-84.78768,39.115297],[-84.820157,39.10548],[-84.819451,39.305152],[-84.814955,39.566251],[-84.814179,39.814212],[-84.803918,40.310094],[-84.804504,40.411555],[-84.802547,40.50181],[-84.803919,41.435531],[-84.806082,41.696089],[-84.360546,41.706621],[-83.453832,41.732647],[-83.455626,41.727445],[-83.446032,41.706847],[-83.409531,41.691247],[-83.39263,41.691947],[-83.37573,41.686647],[-83.357073,41.687763],[-83.341817,41.693518],[-83.337985,41.698682],[-83.337977,41.70341],[-83.326825,41.701562],[-83.293928,41.680846],[-83.29068,41.676794],[-83.238191,41.651167],[-83.23166,41.644218],[-83.194524,41.631008],[-83.145887,41.617904],[-83.103928,41.613558],[-83.086036,41.60668],[-83.066593,41.59534],[-83.043287,41.568205],[-83.028072,41.555656],[-82.999916,41.538534],[-82.96985,41.524327],[-82.934369,41.514353],[-82.897728,41.519241],[-82.875229,41.529684],[-82.85677,41.548262],[-82.855197,41.564114],[-82.859531,41.576371],[-82.852957,41.583327],[-82.834101,41.587587],[-82.820207,41.570664],[-82.794324,41.546486],[-82.785496,41.540675],[-82.77201,41.54058],[-82.749907,41.54647],[-82.717878,41.54193],[-82.711332,41.53695],[-82.711632,41.527201],[-82.721914,41.516677],[-82.713904,41.501697],[-82.710013,41.49759],[-82.687921,41.492324],[-82.658302,41.461878],[-82.617745,41.431833],[-82.616952,41.428425],[-82.55808,41.400005],[-82.513827,41.384257],[-82.499099,41.381541],[-82.481214,41.381342],[-82.460599,41.386316],[-82.431315,41.396866],[-82.398086,41.413945],[-82.361784,41.426644],[-82.334182,41.430243],[-82.29158,41.428442],[-82.268479,41.430842],[-82.254678,41.434441],[-82.193375,41.46454],[-82.184774,41.47404],[-82.181598,41.471634],[-82.165373,41.47444],[-82.094169,41.495039],[-82.011966,41.515639],[-81.994565,41.51444],[-81.964912,41.505446],[-81.958463,41.498642],[-81.937862,41.491443],[-81.87736,41.483445],[-81.860262,41.483841],[-81.810992,41.495592],[-81.794449,41.49663],[-81.782258,41.49605],[-81.744755,41.48715],[-81.738755,41.48855],[-81.710986,41.501734],[-81.664884,41.53143],[-81.633652,41.540458],[-81.599747,41.560649],[-81.529955,41.614374],[-81.50044,41.623448],[-81.48864,41.631348],[-81.466038,41.649148],[-81.441339,41.674074],[-81.353229,41.727743],[-81.301626,41.750543],[-81.286925,41.760243],[-81.264224,41.758143],[-81.248672,41.761291],[-81.112885,41.817571],[-81.092716,41.822988],[-81.05192,41.839557],[-81.024525,41.846469],[-81.01049,41.853962],[-80.936244,41.862352],[-80.900342,41.868912],[-80.814943,41.897694],[-80.799822,41.909749],[-80.784682,41.911525],[-80.782052,41.906635],[-80.757945,41.913352],[-80.720816,41.919744],[-80.581882,41.95761],[-80.519461,41.977513],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.551126,40.628847],[-80.56784,40.617552],[-80.576736,40.614224],[-80.583633,40.61552],[-80.592049,40.622496],[-80.598764,40.625263],[-80.627171,40.619936],[-80.634355,40.616095],[-80.651716,40.597744],[-80.662564,40.5916],[-80.667957,40.582496],[-80.666917,40.573664],[-80.652436,40.562544],[-80.633107,40.538705],[-80.627507,40.535793],[-80.618003,40.502049],[-80.609058,40.489506],[-80.599194,40.482566],[-80.595494,40.475266],[-80.596094,40.463366],[-80.612295,40.434867],[-80.612195,40.402667],[-80.615195,40.399867],[-80.632196,40.393667],[-80.633596,40.390467],[-80.631596,40.385468],[-80.619196,40.381768],[-80.609695,40.374968],[-80.607595,40.369568],[-80.612796,40.347668],[-80.610796,40.340868],[-80.602895,40.327869],[-80.599895,40.317669],[-80.602895,40.307069],[-80.614896,40.291969],[-80.616796,40.285269],[-80.616196,40.27227],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.622497,40.26177],[-80.644598,40.25127],[-80.652098,40.24497],[-80.661543,40.229798],[-80.6681,40.199671],[-80.6726,40.192371],[-80.686137,40.181607],[-80.704602,40.154823],[-80.710042,40.138311],[-80.710554,40.125271],[-80.706702,40.110872],[-80.709102,40.101472],[-80.713003,40.096872],[-80.730704,40.086472],[-80.738604,40.075672],[-80.737104,40.064972],[-80.733104,40.058772],[-80.730904,40.046672],[-80.731504,40.037472],[-80.737389,40.027593],[-80.741901,40.007929],[-80.738717,39.985113],[-80.740126,39.970793],[-80.758527,39.959241],[-80.764479,39.95025],[-80.761312,39.929098],[-80.756784,39.920586],[-80.756432,39.91393],[-80.759296,39.909466],[-80.762592,39.908906],[-80.772641,39.911306],[-80.782849,39.917162],[-80.795714,39.91969],[-80.806018,39.91713],[-80.809283,39.910314],[-80.809011,39.903226],[-80.802339,39.89161],[-80.793989,39.882787],[-80.790156,39.872252],[-80.790761,39.86728],[-80.799898,39.858912],[-80.821279,39.849982],[-80.826124,39.844238],[-80.826228,39.835802],[-80.82248,39.824971],[-80.822181,39.811708],[-80.826079,39.798584],[-80.835311,39.79069],[-80.863048,39.775197],[-80.869092,39.766364],[-80.869933,39.763555],[-80.865339,39.753251],[-80.854717,39.742592],[-80.846091,39.737812],[-80.831551,39.719475],[-80.829764,39.711839],[-80.831871,39.705655],[-80.839112,39.701033],[-80.854599,39.697473],[-80.863698,39.691724],[-80.86633,39.683167],[-80.866647,39.652616],[-80.876002,39.627084],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-80.892208,39.616756],[-80.91762,39.618703],[-80.925841,39.617396],[-80.936906,39.612616],[-80.970436,39.590127],[-80.993695,39.571253],[-81.020055,39.55541],[-81.030169,39.545211],[-81.044902,39.5363],[-81.070594,39.515991],[-81.100833,39.487175],[-81.114433,39.466275],[-81.132534,39.446275],[-81.138134,39.443775],[-81.152534,39.443175],[-81.170634,39.439175],[-81.185946,39.430731],[-81.190714,39.423562],[-81.208231,39.407147],[-81.211433,39.402031],[-81.211654,39.392977],[-81.217315,39.38759],[-81.223581,39.386062],[-81.24184,39.390276],[-81.270716,39.385914],[-81.281405,39.379258],[-81.297517,39.374378],[-81.347567,39.34577],[-81.375961,39.341697],[-81.384556,39.343449],[-81.393794,39.351706],[-81.406689,39.38809],[-81.412706,39.394618],[-81.435642,39.408474],[-81.446543,39.410374],[-81.456143,39.409274],[-81.473188,39.40017],[-81.489044,39.384074],[-81.503189,39.373242],[-81.542346,39.352874],[-81.557547,39.338774],[-81.565047,39.293874],[-81.565247,39.276175],[-81.570247,39.267675],[-81.585559,39.268747],[-81.59516,39.273387],[-81.608408,39.276043],[-81.621305,39.273643],[-81.656138,39.277355],[-81.678331,39.273755],[-81.689483,39.266043],[-81.69638,39.257035],[-81.696636,39.246123],[-81.691067,39.230139],[-81.692395,39.226443],[-81.700908,39.220844],[-81.725583,39.215835]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ohio\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Boulevard Ste. 100
Columbus, OH 43229-1737