{"pageNumber":"816","pageRowStart":"20375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46730,"records":[{"id":85822,"text":"sir20085088 - 2008 - User’s guide to the collection and analysis of tree cores to assess the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-06T08:58:19","indexId":"sir20085088","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5088","title":"User’s guide to the collection and analysis of tree cores to assess the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"Analysis of the volatile organic compound content of tree cores is an inexpensive, rapid, simple approach to examining the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compound contaminants. The method has been shown to detect several volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic compounds associated with vapor intrusion and ground-water contamination. Tree cores, which are approximately 3 inches long, are obtained by using an increment borer. The cores are placed in vials and sealed. After a period of equilibration, the cores can be analyzed by headspace analysis gas chromatography. Because the roots are exposed to volatile organic compound contamination in the unsaturated zone or shallow ground water, the volatile organic compound concentrations in the tree cores are an indication of the presence of subsurface volatile organic compound contamination. Thus, tree coring can be used to detect and map subsurface volatile organic compound contamination. For comparison of tree-core data at a particular site, it is important to maintain consistent methods for all aspects of tree-core collection, handling, and analysis. Factors affecting the volatile organic compound concentrations in tree cores include the type of volatile organic compound, the tree species, the rooting depth, ground-water chemistry, the depth to the contaminated horizon, concentration differences around the trunk related to variations in the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds, concentration differences with depth of coring related to volatilization loss through the bark and possibly other unknown factors, dilution by rain, seasonal influences, sorption, vapor-exchange rates, and within-tree volatile organic compound degradation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Measurement and Monitoring for the 21st Century Initiative","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., 2008, User’s guide to the collection and analysis of tree cores to assess the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5088, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085088.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5088.jpg"},{"id":11516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4986e4b07f02db5aeb88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85816,"text":"ofr20081227 - 2008 - Using the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory LT-MDL to Evaluate and Analyze Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20081227","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1227","title":"Using the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory LT-MDL to Evaluate and Analyze Data","docAbstract":"A long-term method detection level (LT-MDL) and laboratory reporting level (LRL) are used by the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) when reporting results from most chemical analyses of water samples. Changing to this method provided data users with additional information about their data and often resulted in more reported values in the low concentration range. Before this method was implemented, many of these values would have been censored.\r\n\r\nThe use of the LT-MDL and LRL presents some challenges for the data user. Interpreting data in the low concentration range increases the need for adequate quality assurance because even small contamination or recovery problems can be relatively large compared to concentrations near the LT-MDL and LRL. In addition, the definition of the LT-MDL, as well as the inclusion of low values, can result in complex data sets with multiple censoring levels and reported values that are less than a censoring level. Improper interpretation or statistical manipulation of low-range results in these data sets can result in bias and incorrect conclusions.\r\n\r\nThis document is designed to help data users use and interpret data reported with the LTMDL/ LRL method. The calculation and application of the LT-MDL and LRL are described. This document shows how to extract statistical information from the LT-MDL and LRL and how to use that information in USGS investigations, such as assessing the quality of field data, interpreting field data, and planning data collection for new projects. A set of 19 detailed examples are included in this document to help data users think about their data and properly interpret lowrange data without introducing bias. Although this document is not meant to be a comprehensive resource of statistical methods, several useful methods of analyzing censored data are demonstrated, including Regression on Order Statistics and Kaplan-Meier Estimation. These two statistical methods handle complex censored data sets without resorting to substitution, thereby avoiding a common source of bias and inaccuracy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081227","usgsCitation":"Bonn, B.A., 2008, Using the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory LT-MDL to Evaluate and Analyze Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1227, iv, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081227.","productDescription":"iv, 73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonn, Bernadine A.","contributorId":105707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonn","given":"Bernadine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85817,"text":"ds340 - 2008 - Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47584,"text":"wri20034245 - 2003 - Estimated Ground-Water Withdrawals from the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-98","indexId":"wri20034245","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Estimated Ground-Water Withdrawals from the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-98"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":85817,"text":"ds340 - 2008 - Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003","indexId":"ds340","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ds340","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"340","title":"Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003","docAbstract":"Ground-water withdrawal estimates from 1913 through 2003 for the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system are compiled in an electronic database to support a regional, three-dimensional, transient ground-water flow model. This database updates a previously published database that compiled estimates of ground-water withdrawals for 1913-1998. The same methodology is used to construct each database. Primary differences between the 2 databases are an additional 5 years of ground-water withdrawal data, well locations in the updated database are restricted to Death Valley regional ground-water flow system model boundary, and application rates are from 0 to 1.5 feet per year lower than original estimates. The lower application rates result from revised estimates of crop consumptive use, which are based on updated estimates of potential evapotranspiration. In 2003, about 55,700 acre-feet of ground water was pumped in the DVRFS, of which 69 percent was used for irrigation, 13 percent for domestic, and 18 percent for public supply, commercial, and mining activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds340","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement, DE-AI52-07NA28100, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and Nye County","usgsCitation":"Moreo, M.T., and Justet, L., 2008, Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003 (Supersedes WRI 2003-4245): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 340, Report: iv, 10 p.; ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds340.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; ZIP","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1913-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/340/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38.5 ], [ -114.5,38.5 ], [ -114.5,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Supersedes WRI 2003-4245","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Justet, Leigh ljustet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justet","given":"Leigh","email":"ljustet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85814,"text":"ofr20081157 - 2008 - Mapping of Florida's coastal and marine resources: Setting priorities workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:05:07.967619","indexId":"ofr20081157","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1157","title":"Mapping of Florida's coastal and marine resources: Setting priorities workshop","docAbstract":"

The importance of mapping habitats and bioregions as a means to improve resource management has become increasingly clear. Large areas of the waters surrounding Florida are unmapped or incompletely mapped, possibly hindering proper management and good decisionmaking. Mapping of these ecosystems is among the top priorities identified by the Florida Oceans and Coastal Council in their Annual Science Research Plan. However, lack of prioritization among the coastal and marine areas and lack of coordination of agency efforts impede efficient, cost–effective mapping.

A workshop on Mapping of Florida’s Coastal and Marine Resources was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), and Southeastern Regional Partnership for Planning and Sustainability (SERPPAS). The workshop was held at the USGS Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC) in St. Petersburg, FL, on February 7-8, 2007. The workshop was designed to provide State, Federal, university, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) the opportunity to discuss their existing data coverage and create a prioritization of areas for new mapping data in Florida. Specific goals of the workshop were multifold, including to:


Over 90 invited participants representing more than 30 State and Federal agencies, universities, NGOs, and private industries played a large role in the success of this two-day workshop. State of Florida agency participants created a ranked priority order for mapping 13 different regions around Florida. The data needed for each of the 13 priority regions were outlined. A matrix considering State and Federal priorities was created, utilizing input from all agencies. The matrix showed overlapping interests of the entities and will allow for partnering and leveraging of resources.

The five most basic mapping needs were determined to be bathymetry, high-vertical resolution coastline for sea-level rise scenarios, shoreline change, subsurface geology, and benthic habitats at sufficient scale. There was a clear convergence on the need to coordinate mapping activities around the state. Suggestions for coordination included:


There was general consensus on the need to adopt a single habitat classification system and a strategy to accommodate existing systems smoothly. Unresolved aspects of the systems warrant that a separate workshop would be needed to work out details.

Participants recognized that the State priority list would necessarily be updated periodically. An annual review of priorities would facilitate information exchange, mapping activities updates, and re-allocation of funding among changing priorities.

It was recognized that mapping of State waters would take billions of dollars and in light of tightening budgets there was need for processes that could be used to appropriate or leverage monies for mapping and reduce data-collection costs. Fourteen different avenues were explored. There was a clear consensus that the linking of public to private partnerships to support mapping was imperative, and ways to achieve this were discussed.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69d9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa","contributorId":87643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, Steven","contributorId":13712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raabe, Ellen","contributorId":98402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85813,"text":"ofr20081125 - 2008 - Derivation of ground surface and vegetation in a coastal Florida wetland with airborne laser technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T15:51:45.26653","indexId":"ofr20081125","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1125","title":"Derivation of ground surface and vegetation in a coastal Florida wetland with airborne laser technology","docAbstract":"

The geomorphology and vegetation of marsh-dominated coastal lowlands were mapped from airborne laser data points collected on the Gulf Coast of Florida near Cedar Key. Surface models were developed using low- and high-point filters to separate ground-surface and vegetation-canopy intercepts. In a non-automated process, the landscape was partitioned into functional landscape units to manage the modeling of key landscape features in discrete processing steps.  The final digital ground surface-elevation model offers a faithful representation of topographic relief beneath canopies of tidal marsh and coastal forest. Bare-earth models approximate field-surveyed heights by + 0.17 m in the open marsh and + 0.22 m under thick marsh or forest canopy. The laser-derived digital surface models effectively delineate surface features of relatively inaccessible coastal habitats with a geographic coverage and vertical detail previously unavailable.

Coastal topographic details include tidal-creek tributaries, levees, modest topographic undulations in the intertidal zone, karst features, silviculture, and relict sand dunes under coastal-forest canopy.  A combination of laser-derived ground-surface and canopy-height models and intensity values provided additional mapping capabilities to differentiate between tidal-marsh zones and forest types such as mesic flatwood, hydric hammock, and oak scrub. Additional derived products include fine-scale shoreline and topographic profiles. The derived products demonstrate the capability to identify areas of concern to resource managers and unique components of the coastal system from laser altimetry.

Because the very nature of a wetland system presents difficulties for access and data collection, airborne coverage from remote sensors has become an accepted alternative for monitoring wetland regions.  Data acquisition with airborne laser represents a viable option for mapping coastal topography and for evaluating habitats and coastal change on marsh-dominated coasts. Such datasets can be instrumental in effective coastal-resource management.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081125","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E.A., Harris, M.S., Shrestha, R.L., and Carter, W.E., 2008, Derivation of ground surface and vegetation in a coastal Florida wetland with airborne laser technology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1125, Report: iv, 37 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081125.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 37 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":277,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center - St. Petersburg","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423275,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83770.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11507,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.09166493511204,\n 29.25388074630841\n ],\n [\n -83.09166493511204,\n 29.125143239327585\n ],\n [\n -82.73007568031433,\n 29.125143239327585\n ],\n [\n -82.73007568031433,\n 29.25388074630841\n ],\n [\n -83.09166493511204,\n 29.25388074630841\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e60e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Melanie S.","contributorId":26032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shrestha, Ramesh L.","contributorId":35835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Ramesh","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, William E.","contributorId":18470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204067,"text":"70204067 - 2008 - Conservation status of the Colorado Plateau using southwest regional gap analysis stewardship data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-01T15:24:09","indexId":"70204067","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T15:18:13","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Conservation status of the Colorado Plateau using southwest regional gap analysis stewardship data","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Colorado Plateau III: integrating research and resources management for effective conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","usgsCitation":"Ernst, A.E., and Prior-Magee, J.S., 2008, Conservation status of the Colorado Plateau using southwest regional gap analysis stewardship data, chap. 3 of The Colorado Plateau III: integrating research and resources management for effective conservation, p. 43-53.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah ","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -106.80908203125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -106.80908203125,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ernst, Andrea E.","contributorId":216698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ernst","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prior-Magee, Julie S. 0000-0003-4031-1885 jpmagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-1885","contributorId":2708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prior-Magee","given":"Julie","email":"jpmagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85802,"text":"ofr20081184 - 2008 - Location of the Green Canyon (Offshore Southern Louisiana) Seismic Event of February 10, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr20081184","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1184","title":"Location of the Green Canyon (Offshore Southern Louisiana) Seismic Event of February 10, 2006","docAbstract":"We calculated an epicenter for the Offshore Southern Louisiana seismic event of February 10, 2006 (the 'Green Canyon event') that was adopted as the preferred epicenter for the event by the USGS/NEIC. The event is held at a focal depth of 5 km; the focal depth could not be reliably calculated but was most likely between 1 km and 15 km beneath sea level. The epicenter was calculated with a radially symmetric global Earth model similar to that routinely used at the USGS/NEIC for all earthquakes worldwide. The location was calculated using P-waves recorded by seismographic stations from which the USGS/NEIC routinely obtains seismological data, plus data from two seismic exploration arrays, the Atlantis ocean-bottom node array, operated by BP in partnership with BHP Billiton Limited, and the CGG Green Canyon phase VIII multi-client towed-streamer survey. The preferred epicenter is approximately 26 km north of an epicenter earlier published by the USGS/NEIC, which was obtained without benefit of the seismic exploration arrays. We estimate that the preferred epicenter is accurate to within 15 km.\r\n\r\nWe selected the preferred epicenter from a suite of trial calculations that attempted to fit arrival times of seismic energy associated with the Green Canyon event and that explored the effect of errors in the velocity model used to calculate the preferred epicenter. The various trials were helpful in confirming the approximate correctness of the preferred epicenter and in assessing the accuracy of the preferred epicenter, but none of the trial calculations, including that of the preferred epicenter, was able to reconcile arrival-time observations and assumed velocity model as well as is typical for the vast majority of earthquakes in and near the continental United States. We believe that remaining misfits between the preferred solution and the observations reflect errors in interpreted arrival times of emergent seismic phases that are due partly to a temporally extended source-time function and partly to failure of our travel-time model to account for the extremely complicated velocity structure of the sedimentary section in which the event occurred.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081184","usgsCitation":"Dewey, J.W., and Dellinger, J.A., 2008, Location of the Green Canyon (Offshore Southern Louisiana) Seismic Event of February 10, 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1184, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081184.","productDescription":"30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-02-10","temporalEnd":"2006-02-10","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11492,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,27 ], [ -92,30.5 ], [ -88.5,30.5 ], [ -88.5,27 ], [ -92,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dewey, James W. 0000-0001-8838-2450 jdewey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-2450","contributorId":5819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"James","email":"jdewey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dellinger, Joseph A.","contributorId":74836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dellinger","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85804,"text":"ofr20081160 - 2008 - Creating a Global Building Inventory for Earthquake Loss Assessment and Risk Management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"ofr20081160","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1160","title":"Creating a Global Building Inventory for Earthquake Loss Assessment and Risk Management","docAbstract":"Earthquakes have claimed approximately 8 million lives over the last 2,000 years (Dunbar, Lockridge and others, 1992) and fatality rates are likely to continue to rise with increased population and urbanizations of global settlements especially in developing countries. More than 75% of earthquake-related human casualties are caused by the collapse of buildings or structures (Coburn and Spence, 2002). It is disheartening to note that large fractions of the world's population still reside in informal, poorly-constructed & non-engineered dwellings which have high susceptibility to collapse during earthquakes. Moreover, with increasing urbanization half of world's population now lives in urban areas (United Nations, 2001), and half of these urban centers are located in earthquake-prone regions (Bilham, 2004). The poor performance of most building stocks during earthquakes remains a primary societal concern. However, despite this dark history and bleaker future trends, there are no comprehensive global building inventories of sufficient quality and coverage to adequately address and characterize future earthquake losses. Such an inventory is vital both for earthquake loss mitigation and for earthquake disaster response purposes. While the latter purpose is the motivation of this work, we hope that the global building inventory database described herein will find widespread use for other mitigation efforts as well. \r\nFor a real-time earthquake impact alert system, such as U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER), (Wald, Earle and others, 2006), we seek to rapidly evaluate potential casualties associated with earthquake ground shaking for any region of the world. The casualty estimation is based primarily on (1) rapid estimation of the ground shaking hazard, (2) aggregating the population exposure within different building types, and (3) estimating the casualties from the collapse of vulnerable buildings. Thus, the contribution of building stock, its relative vulnerability, and distribution are vital components for determining the extent of casualties during an earthquake. \r\nIt is evident from large deadly historical earthquakes that the distribution of vulnerable structures and their occupancy level during an earthquake control the severity of human losses. For example, though the number of strong earthquakes in California is comparable to that of Iran, the total earthquake-related casualties in California during the last 100 years are dramatically lower than the casualties from several individual Iranian earthquakes. The relatively low casualties count in California is attributed mainly to the fact that more than 90 percent of the building stock in California is made of wood and is designed to withstand moderate to large earthquakes (Kircher, Seligson and others, 2006). In contrast, the 80 percent adobe and or non-engineered masonry building stock with poor lateral load resisting systems in Iran succumbs even for moderate levels of ground shaking. Consequently, the heavy death toll for the 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake, which claimed 31,828 lives (Ghafory-Ashtiany and Mousavi, 2005), is directly attributable to such poorly resistant construction, and future events will produce comparable losses unless practices change. Similarly, multistory, precast-concrete framed buildings caused heavy casualties in the 1988 Spitak, Armenia earthquake (Bertero, 1989); weaker masonry and reinforced-concrete framed construction designed for gravity loads with soft first stories dominated losses in the Bhuj, India earthquake of 2001 (Madabhushi and Haigh, 2005); and adobe and weak masonry dwellings in Peru controlled the death toll in the Peru earthquake of 2007 (Taucer, J. and others, 2007). Spence (2007) after conducting a brief survey of most lethal earthquakes since 1960 found that building collapses remains a major cause of earthquake mortality and unreinforced masonry buildings are one of the mos","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081160","usgsCitation":"Jaiswal, K., and Wald, D.J., 2008, Creating a Global Building Inventory for Earthquake Loss Assessment and Risk Management (Version 1.3, Revised Oct 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1160, Report: vi, 108 p.; Appendix VII, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081160.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 108 p.; Appendix VII","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11494,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1160/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.3, Revised Oct 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68341e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor kjaiswal@usgs.gov","contributorId":861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85805,"text":"ofr20081171 - 2008 - Initial sediment transport model of the mining-affected Aries River Basin, Romania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:18:45","indexId":"ofr20081171","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1171","title":"Initial sediment transport model of the mining-affected Aries River Basin, Romania","docAbstract":"The Romanian government is interested in understanding the effects of existing and future mining activities on long-term dispersal, storage, and remobilization of sediment-associated metals. An initial Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was prepared using available data to evaluate hypothetical failure of the Valea Sesei tailings dam at the Rosia Poieni mine in the Aries River basin. Using the available data, the initial Aries River Basin SWAT model could not be manually calibrated to accurately reproduce monthly streamflow values observed at the Turda gage station. The poor simulation of the monthly streamflow is attributed to spatially limited soil and precipitation data, limited constraint information due to spatially and temporally limited streamflow measurements, and in ability to obtain optimal parameter values when using a manual calibration process. Suggestions to improve the Aries River basin sediment transport model include accounting for heterogeneity in model input, a two-tier nonlinear calibration strategy, and analysis of uncertainty in predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the World Bank, the Romanian National Agency for Mineral Resources, and Futures Group","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., and Linard, J.I., 2008, Initial sediment transport model of the mining-affected Aries River Basin, Romania (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1171, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081171.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11495,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Romania","otherGeospatial":"Aries River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 23.8348388671875,\n 46.74362499884437\n ],\n [\n 23.79364013671875,\n 46.78313532151751\n ],\n [\n 23.697509765625,\n 46.78313532151751\n ],\n [\n 23.5491943359375,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n 23.4393310546875,\n 46.74550709985597\n ],\n [\n 23.258056640625,\n 46.69089949154197\n ],\n [\n 23.104248046875,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n 22.920227050781246,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n 22.76092529296875,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n 22.5933837890625,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n 22.53021240234375,\n 46.69089949154197\n ],\n [\n 22.48626708984375,\n 46.638122462379656\n ],\n [\n 22.48626708984375,\n 46.59661864884465\n ],\n [\n 22.510986328124996,\n 46.534303278597505\n ],\n [\n 22.54669189453125,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n 22.598876953125,\n 46.413245172571244\n ],\n [\n 22.6483154296875,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n 22.71148681640625,\n 46.32796494040746\n ],\n [\n 22.81585693359375,\n 46.28432584258847\n ],\n [\n 22.92572021484375,\n 46.23495279600417\n ],\n [\n 23.0108642578125,\n 46.172222978455395\n ],\n [\n 23.12347412109375,\n 46.10180436619509\n ],\n [\n 23.17840576171875,\n 46.07894655768008\n ],\n [\n 23.32672119140625,\n 46.10180436619509\n ],\n [\n 23.436584472656246,\n 46.16651671595163\n ],\n [\n 23.51348876953125,\n 46.23685258143992\n ],\n [\n 23.70849609375,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n 23.82110595703125,\n 46.53997127029103\n ],\n [\n 23.812866210937496,\n 46.617374532060744\n ],\n [\n 23.8348388671875,\n 46.74362499884437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6861dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85803,"text":"ofr20081111 - 2008 - TSPP - A collection of FORTRAN programs for processing and manipulating time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:44:35","indexId":"ofr20081111","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1111","title":"TSPP - A collection of FORTRAN programs for processing and manipulating time series","docAbstract":"

This report lists a number of FORTRAN programs that I have developed over the years for processing and manipulating strong-motion accelerograms. The collection is titled TSPP, which stands for Time Series Processing Programs. I have excluded 'strong-motion accelerograms' from the title, however, as the boundary between 'strong' and 'weak' motion has become blurred with the advent of broadband sensors and high-dynamic range dataloggers, and many of the programs can be used with any evenly spaced time series, not just acceleration time series. This version of the report is relatively brief, consisting primarily of an annotated list of the programs, with two examples of processing, and a few comments on usage. I do not include a parameter-by-parameter guide to the programs. Future versions might include more examples of processing, illustrating the various parameter choices in the programs. Although these programs have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy or functioning of the programs and related program material, nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. The programs are distributed on an 'as is' basis, with no warranty of support from me. These programs were written for my use and are being publicly distributed in the hope that others might find them as useful as I have. I would, however, appreciate being informed about bugs, and I always welcome suggestions for improvements to the codes. Please note that I have made little effort to optimize the coding of the programs or to include a user-friendly interface (many of the programs in this collection have been included in the software usdp (Utility Software for Data Processing), being developed by Akkar et al. (personal communication, 2008); usdp includes a graphical user interface). Speed of execution has been sacrificed in favor of a code that is intended to be easy to understand, although on modern computers speed of execution is rarely a problem. I will be pleased if users incorporate portions of my programs into their own applications; I only ask that reference be made to this report as the source of the programs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081111","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., 2008, TSPP - A collection of FORTRAN programs for processing and manipulating time series (Version 1.6, revised Jun 30, 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1111, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081111.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11493,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.6, revised Jun 30, 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156430,"text":"70156430 - 2008 - Influences of specific land use/land cover conversions on climatological normals of near-surface temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T11:30:41","indexId":"70156430","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of specific land use/land cover conversions on climatological normals of near-surface temperature","docAbstract":"

Quantification of the effects of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on proximal measurements of near-surface air temperature is crucial to a better understanding of natural and anthropogenically induced climate change. In this study, data from stations utilized in deriving U.S. climatological temperature normals were analyzed in conjunction with NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis (NNR) estimates and highly accurate LULC change maps in order to isolate the effects of LULC change from other climatological factors. While the “Normals” temperatures exhibited considerable warming in both minima and maxima, the NNR data revealed that the majority of the warming of maximum temperatures was not due to nearby LULC change. Warming of minimum temperatures was roughly evenly split between the effects of LULC change and other influences. Furthermore, the effects of LULC change varied considerably depending upon the particular type of land cover conversion that occurred. Urbanization, in particular, was found to result in warming of minima and maxima, while some LULC conversions that might be expected to have significantly altered nearby temperatures (e.g., clear-cutting of forests) did not.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007JD009548","usgsCitation":"Hale, R.C., Gallo, K.P., and Loveland, T.R., 2008, Influences of specific land use/land cover conversions on climatological normals of near-surface temperature: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 113, D14113: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009548.","productDescription":"D14113: 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd009548","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe87a8e4b0824b2d149c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, Robert C.","contributorId":105036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156526,"text":"70156526 - 2008 - Land-cover observations as part of a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS): Progress, activities, and prospects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:00:47","indexId":"70156526","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3922,"text":"IEEE Systems Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-cover observations as part of a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS): Progress, activities, and prospects","docAbstract":"

The international land-cover community has been working with GEO since 2005 to build the foundations for land-cover observations as an integral part of a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). The Group on Earth Observation (GEO) has provided the platform to elevate the societal relevance of land cover monitoring and helped to link a diverse set of global, regional, and national activities. A dedicated 2007-2009 GEO work plan task has resulted in achievements on the strategic and implementation levels. Integrated Global Observations of the Land (IGOL), the land theme of the Integrated Global Observation Strategy (IGOS), has been approved and is now in the process of transition into GEO implementation. New global land-cover maps at moderate spatial resolutions (i.e., GLOBCOVER) are being produced using guidelines and standards of the international community. The Middecadal Global Landsat Survey for 2005-2006 is extending previous 1990 and 2000 efforts for global, high-quality Landsat data. Despite this progress, essential challenges for building a sustained global land-cover-observing system remain, including: international cooperation on the continuity of global observations; ensuring consistency in land monitoring approaches; community engagement and country participation in mapping activities; commitment to ongoing quality assurance and validation; and regional networking and capacity building.

","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2008.925983","usgsCitation":"Herold, M., Woodcock, C.E., Loveland, T., Townshend, J., Brady, M., Steenmans, C., and Schmullius, C.C., 2008, Land-cover observations as part of a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS): Progress, activities, and prospects: IEEE Systems Journal, v. 2, no. 3, p. 414-423, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2008.925983.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"423","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92c1e4b05d6c4e501a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herold, M.","contributorId":26533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herold","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodcock, C. E.","contributorId":93696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodcock","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Townshend, J.","contributorId":146906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brady, M.","contributorId":146907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brady","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steenmans, C.","contributorId":146908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steenmans","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmullius, C. C.","contributorId":146909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmullius","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70179371,"text":"70179371 - 2008 - Integrated monitoring and information systems for managing aquatic invasive species in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T14:19:36","indexId":"70179371","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated monitoring and information systems for managing aquatic invasive species in a changing climate","docAbstract":"

Changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climatic drivers and sea-level rise will affect populations of existing native and non-native aquatic species and the vulnerability of aquatic environments to new invasions. Monitoring surveys provide the foundation for assessing the combined effects of climate change and invasions by providing baseline biotic and environmental conditions, although the utility of a survey depends on whether the results are quantitative or qualitative, and other design considerations. The results from a variety of monitoring programs in the United States are available in integrated biological information systems, although many include only non-native species, not native species. Besides including natives, we suggest these systems could be improved through the development of standardized methods that capture habitat and physiological requirements and link regional and national biological databases into distributed Web portals that allow drawing information from multiple sources. Combining the outputs from these biological information systems with environmental data would allow the development of ecological-niche models that predict the potential distribution or abundance of native and non-native species on the basis of current environmental conditions. Environmental projections from climate models can be used in these niche models to project changes in species distributions or abundances under altered climatic conditions and to identify potential high-risk invaders. There are, however, a number of challenges, such as uncertainties associated with projections from climate and niche models and difficulty in integrating data with different temporal and spatial granularity. Even with these uncertainties, integration of biological and environmental information systems, niche models, and climate projections would improve management of aquatic ecosystems under the dual threats of biotic invasions and climate change

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00955.x","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Reusser, D.A., Olden, J., Smith, S.S., Graham, J., Burkett, V., Dukes, J.S., Piorkowski, R.J., and Mcphedran, J., 2008, Integrated monitoring and information systems for managing aquatic invasive species in a changing climate: Conservation Biology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 575-584, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00955.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"575","endPage":"584","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f15e4b0cd2dabe7c4c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Henry II","contributorId":86251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Henry","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reusser, Deborah A. dreusser@usgs.gov","contributorId":2423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusser","given":"Deborah","email":"dreusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Scott S. sssmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":2950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Scott","email":"sssmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":656957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Graham, Jim","contributorId":37608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dukes, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":61331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dukes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piorkowski, Robert J.","contributorId":177768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piorkowski","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mcphedran, John","contributorId":177769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mcphedran","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":85800,"text":"ofr20081170 - 2008 - Leachate Geochemical Results for Ash Samples from the June 2007 Angora Wildfire Near Lake Tahoe in Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:28","indexId":"ofr20081170","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1170","title":"Leachate Geochemical Results for Ash Samples from the June 2007 Angora Wildfire Near Lake Tahoe in Northern California","docAbstract":"This report releases leachate geochemical data for ash samples produced by the Angora wildfire that burned from June 24 to July 2, 2007, near Lake Tahoe in northern California. The leaching studies are part of a larger interdisciplinary study whose goal is to identify geochemical characteristics and properties of the ash that may adversely affect human health, water quality, air quality, animal habitat, endangered species, debris flows, and flooding hazards.\r\nThe leaching study helps characterize and understand the interactions that occur when the ash comes in contact with rain or snowmelt, and helps identify the constituents that may be mobilized as run-off from these materials. Similar leaching studies were conducted on ash and burned soils from the October 2007 southern California wildfires (Hageman and others, 2008; Plumlee and others, 2007).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081170","usgsCitation":"Hageman, P.L., Plumlee, G.S., Martin, D.A., Hoefen, T.M., Adams, M., Lamothe, P.J., Todorov, T.I., and Anthony, M.W., 2008, Leachate Geochemical Results for Ash Samples from the June 2007 Angora Wildfire Near Lake Tahoe in Northern California (Version 1.1, Revised Jul 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1170, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081170.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-24","temporalEnd":"2007-07-02","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11475,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1170/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Jul 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hageman, Philip L. 0000-0002-3440-2150 phageman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","email":"phageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Todorov, Todor I. ttodorov@usgs.gov","contributorId":1605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"Todor","email":"ttodorov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anthony, Michael W. manthony@usgs.gov","contributorId":1232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Michael","email":"manthony@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":85799,"text":"fs20083052 - 2008 - Advanced Remote Sensing Research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"fs20083052","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3052","title":"Advanced Remote Sensing Research","docAbstract":"'Remote sensing' is a generic term for monitoring techniques that collect information without being in physical contact with the object of study. Overhead imagery from aircraft and satellite sensors provides the most common form of remotely sensed data and records the interaction of electromagnetic energy (usually visible light) with matter, such as the Earth's surface.\r\n\r\nRemotely sensed data are fundamental to geographic science. The Eastern Geographic Science Center (EGSC) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is currently conducting and promoting the research and development of three different aspects of remote sensing science: spectral analysis, automated orthorectification of historical imagery, and long wave infrared (LWIR) polarimetric imagery (PI).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083052","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, T., Jones, J., Price, S.D., and Hogan, D., 2008, Advanced Remote Sensing Research: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3052, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083052.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3052.jpg"},{"id":11474,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, Terrence","contributorId":13701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"Terrence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Susan D. sprice@usgs.gov","contributorId":3825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Susan","email":"sprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hogan, Dianna","contributorId":79565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85796,"text":"sir20075291 - 2008 - Characteristics and Classification of Least Altered Streamflows in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20075291","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5291","title":"Characteristics and Classification of Least Altered Streamflows in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Streamflow records from 85 streamflow-gaging stations at which streamflows were considered to be least altered were used to characterize natural streamflows within southern New England. Period-of-record streamflow data were used to determine annual hydrographs of median monthly flows. The shapes and magnitudes of annual hydrographs of median monthly flows, normalized by drainage area, differed among stations in different geographic areas of southern New England. These differences were gradational across southern New England and were attributed to differences in basin and climate characteristics. Period-of-record streamflow data were also used to analyze the statistical properties of daily streamflows at 61 stations across southern New England by using L-moment ratios. An L-moment ratio diagram of L-skewness and L-kurtosis showed a continuous gradation in these properties between stations and indicated differences between base-flow dominated and runoff-dominated rivers.\r\n\r\nStreamflow records from a concurrent period (1960-2004) for 61 stations were used in a multivariate statistical analysis to develop a hydrologic classification of rivers in southern New England. Missing records from 46 of these stations were extended by using a Maintenance of Variation Extension technique. The concurrent-period streamflows were used in the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and Hydrologic Index Tool programs to determine 224 hydrologic indices for the 61 stations. Principal-components analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the number of hydrologic indices to 20 that provided nonredundant information. The PCA also indicated that the major patterns of variability in the dataset are related to differences in flow variability and low-flow magnitude among the stations.\r\n\r\nHierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify stations into groups with similar hydrologic properties. The cluster analysis classified rivers in southern New England into two broad groups: (1) base-flow dominated rivers, whose statistical properties indicated less flow variability and high magnitudes of low flow, and (2) runoff-dominated rivers, whose statistical properties indicated greater flow variability and lower magnitudes of low flow. A four-cluster classification further classified the runoff-dominated streams into three groups that varied in gradient, elevation, and differences in winter streamflow conditions: high-gradient runoff-dominated rivers, northern runoff-dominated rivers, and southern runoff-dominated rivers. A nine-cluster division indicated that basin size also becomes a distinguishing factor among basins at finer levels of classification. Smaller basins (less than 10 square miles) were classified into different groups than larger basins.\r\n\r\nA comparison of station classifications indicated that a classification based on multiple hydrologic indices that represent different aspects of the flow regime did not result in the same classification of stations as a classification based on a single type of statistic such as a monthly median. River basins identified by the cluster analysis as having similar hydrologic properties tended to have similar basin and climate characteristics and to be in close proximity to one another. Stations were not classified in the same cluster on the basis of geographic location alone; as a result, boundaries cannot be drawn between geographic regions with similar streamflow characteristics. Rivers with different basin and climate characteristics were classified in different clusters, even if they were in adjacent basins or upstream and downstream within the same basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation; the Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game, Riverways Program; and the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, D.S., Parker, G.W., and Richards, T.A., 2008, Characteristics and Classification of Least Altered Streamflows in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5291, Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075291.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11471,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,41 ], [ -74,43.5 ], [ -69,43.5 ], [ -69,41 ], [ -74,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a50a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Gene W. gwparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gene","email":"gwparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, Todd A.","contributorId":52266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85797,"text":"sir20085044 - 2008 - Predevelopment Water-Level Contours for Aquifers in the Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain area of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20085044","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5044","title":"Predevelopment Water-Level Contours for Aquifers in the Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain area of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Contaminants introduced into the subsurface of the Nevada Test Site at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain by underground nuclear testing are of concern to the U.S. Department of Energy and regulators responsible for protecting human health and safety. Although contaminants were introduced into low-permeability rocks above the regional flow system, the potential for contaminant movement away from the underground test areas and into the accessible environment is greatest by ground-water transport. The primary hydrologic control on this transport is evaluated and examined through a series of contour maps developed to represent the water-level distribution within each of the major aquifers underlying the area. Aquifers were identified and their extents delineated by merging and analyzing multiple hydrostratigraphic framework models developed by other investigators from existing geologic information. The contoured water-level distribution in each major aquifer was developed from a detailed evaluation and assessment of available water-level measurements. Multiple spreadsheets that accompany this report provide pertinent water-level and geologic data by well or drill hole.\r\n\r\nAquifers are mapped, presented, and discussed in general terms as being one of three aquifer types?volcanic aquifer, upper carbonate aquifer, or lower carbonate aquifer. Each of these aquifer types was subdivided and mapped as independent continuous and isolated aquifers, based on the continuity of its component rock. Ground-water flow directions, as related to the transport of test-generated contaminants, were developed from water-level contours and are presented and discussed for each of the continuous aquifers. Contoured water-level altitudes vary across the study area and range from more than 5,000 feet in the volcanic aquifer beneath a recharge area in the northern part of the study area to less than 2,450 feet in the lower carbonate aquifer in the southern part of the study area. Variations in water-level altitudes within any single continuous aquifer range from a few hundred feet in a lower carbonate aquifer to just more than 1,100 feet in a volcanic aquifer. Flow directions throughout the study area are dominantly southward with minor eastward or westward deviations. Primary exceptions are westward flow in the northern part of the volcanic aquifer and eastward flow in the eastern part of the lower carbonate aquifer. Northward flow in the upper and lower carbonate aquifers in the northern part of the study area is possible but cannot be substantiated because data are lacking. \r\n\r\nInterflow between continuous aquifers is evaluated and mapped to define major flow paths. These flow paths delineate tributary flow systems, which converge to form the regional ground-water flow system. The implications of these tributary flow paths in controlling transport away from the underground test areas at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain are discussed. The obvious data gaps contributing to uncertainties in the delineation of aquifers and development of water-level contours are identified and evaluated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, \r\nNational Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement, DE-A152-07NA28100","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., Laczniak, R.J., and Halford, K.J., 2008, Predevelopment Water-Level Contours for Aquifers in the Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain area of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5044, Report: vi, 39 p.; Figures; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085044.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; Figures; Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11472,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,36.5 ], [ -117,37.5 ], [ -115.75,37.5 ], [ -115.75,36.5 ], [ -117,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85794,"text":"ofr20081103 - 2008 - Geologic Map and Digital Data Base of the Almo Quadrangle and City of Rocks National Reserve, Cassia County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081103","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1103","title":"Geologic Map and Digital Data Base of the Almo Quadrangle and City of Rocks National Reserve, Cassia County, Idaho","docAbstract":"This geologic map describes the geology of the City of Rocks National Reserve and environs, located in the Albion Mountains of south-central Idaho. The most prominent geologic features of the Reserve are the spectacular rock spires that attracted visitors, beginning with commentary in the journals of travelers to California during the Gold Rush of 1849. The tectonic history is outlined, and descriptions of landscape processes, a newly discovered Quaternary fault, and features of the pinnacles are presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Armstrong, R.L., Bedford, D., and Davis, M., 2008, Geologic Map and Digital Data Base of the Almo Quadrangle and City of Rocks National Reserve, Cassia County, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1103, Plate: 38 x 30 inches; Pamphlet: 36 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081103.","productDescription":"Plate: 38 x 30 inches; Pamphlet: 36 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11469,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,42 ], [ -113.75,42.1175 ], [ -113.61749999999999,42.1175 ], [ -113.61749999999999,42 ], [ -113.75,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a869f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Richard L.","contributorId":58701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Marsha","contributorId":8950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Marsha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85788,"text":"ofr20081155 - 2008 - Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T14:39:05.824748","indexId":"ofr20081155","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1155","displayTitle":"Porphyry Copper Deposits of the World: Database and Grade and Tonnage Models, 2008","title":"Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008","docAbstract":"This report is an update of earlier publications about porphyry copper deposits (Singer, Berger, and Moring, 2002; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C., 2005). The update was necessary because of new information about substantial increases in resources in some deposits and because we revised locations of some deposits so that they are consistent with images in GoogleEarth. In this report we have added new porphyry copper deposits and removed a few incorrectly classed deposits. In addition, some errors have been corrected and a number of deposits have had some information, such as grades, tonnages, locations, or ages revised. Colleagues have helped identify places where improvements were needed. Mineral deposit models are important in exploration planning and quantitative resource assessments for a number of reasons including: (1) grades and tonnages among deposit types are significantly different, and (2) many types occur in different geologic settings that can be identified from geologic maps. Mineral deposit models are the keystone in combining the diverse geoscience information on geology, mineral occurrences, geophysics, and geochemistry used in resource assessments and mineral exploration. Too few thoroughly explored \r\n\r\nmineral deposits are available in most local areas for reliable identification of the important geoscience variables or for robust estimation of undiscovered deposits?thus we need mineral-deposit models. Globally based deposit models allow recognition of important features because the global models demonstrate how common different features are. Well-designed and -constructed deposit models allow geologists to know from observed geologic environments the possible mineral deposit types that might exist, and allow economists to determine the possible economic viability of these resources in the region. Thus, mineral deposit models play the central role in transforming geoscience information to a form useful to policy makers. The foundation of mineral deposit models is information about known deposits. The purpose of this publication is to make this kind of information available in digital form for porphyry copper deposits. The consistently defined deposits in this file provide the foundation for grade and tonnage models included here and for mineral deposit density models (Singer and others, 2005: Singer, 2008).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081155","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C., 2008, Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155, Report: 45 p.; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081155.","productDescription":"Report: 45 p.; Data Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":396238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/data","text":"Data Folder"},{"id":396237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/of2008-1155.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Vladimir I.","contributorId":15246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85787,"text":"sir20085048 - 2008 - Hydrographic Surveys for Six Water Bodies in Eastern Nebraska, 2005-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"sir20085048","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5048","title":"Hydrographic Surveys for Six Water Bodies in Eastern Nebraska, 2005-07","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, completed hydrographic surveys for six water bodies in eastern Nebraska: Maskenthine Wetland, Olive Creek Lake, Standing Bear Lake, Wagon Train Lake and Wetland, Wildwood Lake, and Yankee Hill Lake and sediment basin. The bathymetric data were collected using a boat-mounted survey-grade fathometer that operated at 200 kHz, and a differentially corrected Global Positioning System with antenna mounted directly above the echo-sounder transducer. Shallow-water and terrestrial areas were surveyed using a Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System. The bathymetric, shallow-water, and terrestrial data were processed in a geographic information system to generate a triangulated irregular network representation of the bottom of the water body. Bathymetric contours were interpolated from the triangulated irregular network data using a 2-foot contour interval. Bathymetric contours at the conservation pool elevation for Maskenthine Wetland, Yankee Hill Lake, and Yankee Hill sediment pond also were interpolated in addition to the 2-foot contours. The surface area and storage capacity of each lake or wetland were calculated for 1-foot intervals of water surface elevation and are tabulated in the Appendix for all water bodies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Andersen, M.J., and Sebree, S.K., 2008, Hydrographic Surveys for Six Water Bodies in Eastern Nebraska, 2005-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5048, Report: vi, 20 p.; ZIP Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085048.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; ZIP Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.41666666666667,40.5 ], [ -97.41666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -95.91666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -95.91666666666667,40.5 ], [ -97.41666666666667,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, Michael J. 0009-0006-5600-6032 mjanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5600-6032","contributorId":1442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Michael","email":"mjanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sebree, Sonja K.","contributorId":36622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebree","given":"Sonja","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85789,"text":"ofr20081179 - 2008 - Mercury Release from the Rathburn Mine, Petray Mine, and Bear Valley Saline Springs, Colusa County, California 2004-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081179","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1179","title":"Mercury Release from the Rathburn Mine, Petray Mine, and Bear Valley Saline Springs, Colusa County, California 2004-2006","docAbstract":"This report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of mine tailings and waste rock at the Rathburn and Petray Mines that was initiated in July 17, 2001 and water and sediment in regional springs and tributaries that drain from the mine area into Bear Creek on December 14, 2004 and February 16 and May 27, 2005. Although it was initially assumed that the mines were the cause of elevated levels of monomethyl Hg measured by the Central Regional Water Quality Control Board in tributaries near their confluence with Bear Creek (Foe and others, unpublished results), it became apparent during this study that ground water springs were also potential sources of Hg. In addition to sampling of springs in May 2005, saline ground water seepage along an unnamed fault on the west side of Bear Valley was sampled on December 13-14, 2006. We did not sample water or sediment in Bear Creek itself during this study. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of mining and natural sources of Hg and associated chemical constituents that could elevate levels of monomethyl Hg in Bear Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081179","collaboration":"Jointly funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A.J., and Rytuba, J.J., 2008, Mercury Release from the Rathburn Mine, Petray Mine, and Bear Valley Saline Springs, Colusa County, California 2004-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1179, Report: v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081179.","productDescription":"Report: v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,38.5 ], [ -123,39.5 ], [ -122,39.5 ], [ -122,38.5 ], [ -123,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62427f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, Aaron J.","contributorId":30706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85790,"text":"ofr20081180 - 2008 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T20:55:29.277743","indexId":"ofr20081180","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1180","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2007","docAbstract":"

Results reported herein include trace element concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica (Cohen and Carlton 1995)), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure for a mudflat one kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay. This report includes data collected for the period January 2007 to December 2007, and extends a critical long-term biogeochemical record dating back to 1974. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.

Metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue during 2007 remained consistent with results observed since 1990. Most notably, copper and silver concentrations in sediment and clam tissue are elevated for the second consecutive year, but the values remain well within the range of past findings. Other metals such as chromium, nickel, vanadium, and zinc remained relatively constant throughout the year except for maximum values that generally occur in winter months (January-March). Mercury levels in sediment and clam tissue were some of the lowest seen on record. Last year’s elevated selenium levels appear to be transient, and selenium concentrations have returned to background levels. Overall, metal concentrations in sediments and tissue remain within past findings.

Analyses of the benthic-community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 31-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the reproductive activity of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable, with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring of most years. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that suggests a more stable community that is subjected to less stress. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes, have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals. Heteromastus filiformis, a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying their eggs on or in the sediment, has shown a concurrent increase in dominance and is now showing signs of population stability. These changes in species dominance reflect a change in the community from one dominated by surface dwelling, brooding species to one with species with varying life history characteristics.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Lorenzi, A.H., Cain, D.J., Parcheso, F., Thompson, J.K., Luoma, S.N., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2008, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1180, Report: vi, 120 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081180.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 120 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83759.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1180/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palo Alto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11063385009766,\n 37.448560304142596\n ],\n [\n -122.09140777587892,\n 37.448560304142596\n ],\n [\n -122.09140777587892,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -122.11063385009766,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -122.11063385009766,\n 37.448560304142596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenzi, Allison H.","contributorId":63484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenzi","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Nine boreholes were continuously cored; USGS 126b had 5 ft of core. Completion depths range from 472 to 1,238 ft. Geophysical data were collected for each borehole, and those data are summarized in this report. Cores were photographed and digitally logged using commercially available software. Digital core logs are in appendixes A through J. Borehole descriptions summarize location, completion date, and amount and type of core recovered. This report was prepared by the USGS in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds350","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy DOE/ID-22205","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., Hodges, M., and Orr, S., 2008, Construction diagrams, geophysical logs, and lithologic descriptions for boreholes USGS 126a, 126b, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, and 134, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 350, Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds350.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341839,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/350/ds350.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":11466,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/350/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341840,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/350/appendixes/","text":"Appendix folder","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341841,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/350/figure3b/","text":"Photomicrograph folder","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.83233642578124,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -112.86666870117188,\n 43.805792065273735\n ],\n [\n -113.09600830078125,\n 43.643032068770395\n ],\n [\n -113.21548461914062,\n 43.60326743161359\n ],\n [\n -113.22235107421874,\n 43.51768440153494\n ],\n [\n -113.19488525390625,\n 43.47385072743125\n ],\n [\n -113.13995361328125,\n 43.450925007583706\n ],\n [\n -113.02047729492188,\n 43.45989697678556\n ],\n [\n -112.92022705078125,\n 43.469864270218416\n ],\n [\n -112.83782958984375,\n 43.492782808225\n ],\n [\n -112.64556884765624,\n 43.625141236940564\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 43.712556891207\n ],\n [\n -112.59475708007812,\n 43.847403373019226\n ],\n [\n -112.56454467773438,\n 43.9562478891846\n ],\n [\n -112.6263427734375,\n 43.990838502564706\n ],\n [\n -112.83233642578124,\n 44.01652134387754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, Mary K.V.","contributorId":66848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Mary K.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Stephanie","contributorId":73884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85792,"text":"ofr20081201 - 2008 - Chemical Analyses of Ground Water in the Carson Desert near Stillwater, Churchill County, Nevada, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20081201","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1201","title":"Chemical Analyses of Ground Water in the Carson Desert near Stillwater, Churchill County, Nevada, 2005","docAbstract":"This report presents the chemical analyses of ground-water samples collected in 2005 from domestic wells located in the Stillwater area of the Carson Desert (fig. 1). These data were evaluated for evidence of mixing with nearby geothermal waters (Fosbury, 2007). That study used several methods to identify mixing zones of ground and geothermal waters using trace elements, chemical equilibria, water temperature, geothermometer estimates, and statistical techniques. \r\n\r\nIn some regions, geothermal sources influence the chemical quality of ground water used for drinking water supplies. Typical geothermal contaminants include arsenic, mercury, antimony, selenium, thallium, boron, lithium, and fluoride (Webster and Nordstrom, 2003). The Environmental Protection Agency has established primary drinking water standards for these, with the exception of boron and lithium. Concentrations of some trace metals in geothermal water may exceed drinking water standards by several orders of magnitude. \r\n\r\nGeothermal influences on water quality are likely to be localized, depending on directions of ground water flow, the relative volumes of geothermal sources and ground water originating from other sources, and depth below the surface from which water is withdrawn. It is important to understand the areal extent of shallow mixing of geothermal water because it may have adverse chemical and aesthetic effects on domestic drinking water. It would be useful to understand the areal extent of these effects.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081201","usgsCitation":"Fosbury, D., Walker, M., and Stillings, L., 2008, Chemical Analyses of Ground Water in the Carson Desert near Stillwater, Churchill County, Nevada, 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1201, Report: 17 p.; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081201.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; Data Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.3,39.1 ], [ -119.3,40.25 ], [ -118,40.25 ], [ -118,39.1 ], [ -119.3,39.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosbury, DeEtta","contributorId":58357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosbury","given":"DeEtta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Mark","contributorId":99230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":82156,"text":"ofr20081144 - 2008 - Experimental Repatriation of Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) in the Sierra Nevada of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:24","indexId":"ofr20081144","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1144","title":"Experimental Repatriation of Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) in the Sierra Nevada of California","docAbstract":"In the late 1970s, Rana muscosa (mountain yellow-legged frog) was common in the Tableland area of Sequoia National Park, California where it was possible to find hundreds of tadpoles and adults around many of the ponds and lakes. Surveys in 1993-1995 demonstrated that R. muscosa was absent from more than half of all suitable habitat within the park, including the Tableland area. At that same time, R. muscosa was still common at Sixty Lake Basin, Kings Canyon National Park, 30 km to the northeast. To evaluate the potential causes for the extirpation, we repatriated R. muscosa eggs, tadpoles, subadults, and adult frogs from Sixty Lake Basin to four sites in the Tableland area in 1994 and 1995. We subsequently surveyed each release site and the surrounding area 2 - 3 times per week in 1994-1995, and intermittently in 1996-1997, to monitor the survival of all life history stages, and to detect dispersal of adults and subadults. We also monitored predation, water quality, weather, and water temperature.\r\n\r\nOur techniques for capturing, holding, transporting, and releasing R. muscosa were refined during the study, and during 1995 resulted in high initial survival rates of all life history stages. Adult frogs were anaesthetized, weighed, measured, tagged, and held in plastic boxes with wet paper towels. Tadpoles were collected and held in fiberglass screen cages set in the water at the edge of a pond. This resulted in relatively natural conditions with less crowding and good water circulation. Frogs, tadpoles, and eggs were placed in Ziploc bags for transport to the Tableland by helicopter. Short-term survival of tadpoles, subadults, and adults was high at all four release sites, tadpoles reached metamorphosis, and adult frogs were still present. However, we detected no evidence of reproduction at three sites (e.g., no new eggs or small tadpoles) and nearly all life history stages disappeared within 12 months. At the fourth site, there was limited reproduction, but it was insufficient to maintain a population.\r\n\r\nIt appears that the causal factors for the demise of R. muscosa in the Tableland during the 1970s were still operating in the 1990s or that a new limiting factor has developed. Dispersal, weather, water quality, and predation do not appear to be causative agents; since fish have never been present in the portions of the watershed where we were working, they were not a factor. Observations and data are consistent with the hypotheses that chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and/or exposure to airborne pesticides caused both declines. However, at the time of our study, chytridiomycosis had not been described and the potentially significant role of contaminants was largely undocumented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Bradford, D.F., Pratt, D., and Wood, L., 2008, Experimental Repatriation of Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) in the Sierra Nevada of California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1144, iii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081144.","productDescription":"iii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11443,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686514","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, David F.","contributorId":81587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, David dpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"David","email":"dpratt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Leslie","contributorId":84467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}