Water analyses are reported for 157 samples collected from numerous hot springs, their overflow drainages, and Lemonade Creek in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) during 2003–2005. Water samples were collected and analyzed for major and trace constituents from ten areas of YNP including Terrace and Beryl Springs in the Gibbon Canyon area, Norris Geyser Basin, the West Nymph Creek thermal area, the area near Nymph Lake, Hazle Lake, and Frying Pan Spring, Lower Geyser Basin, Washburn Hot Springs, Mammoth Hot Springs, Potts Hot Spring Basin, the Sulphur Caldron area, and Lemonade Creek near the Solfatara Trail. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research investigations in YNP on arsenic, antimony, and sulfur redox distribution in hot springs and overflow drainages, and the occurrence and distribution of dissolved mercury. Most samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, trace metals, redox species of antimony, arsenic, iron, nitrogen, and sulfur, and isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Analyses were performed at the sampling site, in an on-site mobile laboratory vehicle, or later in a U.S. Geological Survey laboratory, depending on stability of the constituent and whether it could be preserved effectively.
Water samples were filtered and preserved onsite. Water temperature, specific conductance, pH, Eh (redox potential relative to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode), and dissolved hydrogen sulfide were measured onsite at the time of sampling. Acidity was determined by titration, usually within a few days of sample collection. Alkalinity was determined by titration within 1 to 2 weeks of sample collection. Concentrations of thiosulfate and polythionate were determined as soon as possible (generally minutes to hours after sample collection) by ion chromatography in an on-site mobile laboratory vehicle. Total dissolved-iron and ferrous-iron concentrations often were measured onsite in the mobile laboratory vehicle.
Concentrations of dissolved aluminum, arsenic, boron, barium, beryllium, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, lead, selenium, silica, strontium, vanadium, and zinc were determined by inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Trace concentrations of dissolved antimony, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, and selenium were determined by Zeeman-corrected graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry. Dissolved concentrations of total arsenic, arsenite, total antimony, and antimonite were determined by hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry using a flow-injection analysis system. Dissolved concentrations of total mercury and methyl mercury were determined by cold-vapor atomic-fluorescence spectrometry. Concentrations of dissolved chloride, fluoride, nitrate, bromide, and sulfate were determined by ion chromatography. Concentrations of dissolved ferrous and total iron were determined by the FerroZine colorimetric method. Concentrations of dissolved nitrite were determined by colorimetry or chemiluminescence. Concentrations of dissolved ammonium were determined by ion chromatography, with reanalysis by colorimetry when separation of sodium and ammonia peaks was poor. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were determined by the wet persulfate oxidation method. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios were determined using the hydrogen and CO2 equilibration techniques, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061339","usgsCitation":"Ball, J.W., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Holloway, J.M., 2008, Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2003-2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1339, viii, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061339.","productDescription":"viii, 137 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403090,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84414.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11786,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1339/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.8833,\n 44.4\n ],\n [\n -110.25,\n 44.4\n ],\n [\n -110.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -110.8833,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -110.8833,\n 44.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edf43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, James W.","contributorId":38946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-3603-7668 jholloway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","email":"jholloway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86210,"text":"ofr20081211 - 2008 - Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Labor market exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T19:34:11.13795","indexId":"ofr20081211","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1211","title":"Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Labor market exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","docAbstract":"The Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and various partners from the public and private sectors and academia, meant to improve Southern California's resiliency to natural hazards (Jones and others, 2007). In support of the MHDP objectives, the ShakeOut Scenario was developed. It describes a magnitude 7.8 (M7.8) earthquake along the southernmost 300 kilometers (200 miles) of the San Andreas Fault, identified by geoscientists as a plausible event that will cause moderate to strong shaking over much of the eight-county (Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura) Southern California region. This report contains an exposure and sensitivity analysis of economic Super Sectors in terms of labor and employment statistics. Exposure is measured as the absolute counts of labor market variables anticipated to experience each level of Instrumental Intensity (a proxy measure of damage). Sensitivity is the percentage of the exposure of each Super Sector to each Instrumental Intensity level. The analysis concerns the direct effect of the scenario earthquake on economic sectors and provides a baseline for the indirect and interactive analysis of an input-output model of the regional economy.\r\n\r\nThe analysis is inspired by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report that analyzed the labor market losses (exposure) of a M6.9 earthquake on the Hayward fault by overlaying geocoded labor market data on Instrumental Intensity values. The method used here is influenced by the ZIP-code-level data provided by the California Employment Development Department (CA EDD), which requires the assignment of Instrumental Intensities to ZIP codes. The ZIP-code-level labor market data includes the number of business establishments, employees, and quarterly payroll categorized by the North American Industry Classification System.\r\n\r\nAccording to the analysis results, nearly 225,000 business establishments, or 44 percent of all establishments, would experience Instrumental Intensities between VII (7) and X (10). This represents more than 4 million employees earning over $45 billion in quarterly payroll. Over 57,000 of these establishments, employing over 1 million employees earning over $10 billion in quarterly payroll, would experience Instrumental Intensities of IX (9) or X (10). Based upon absolute counts and percentages, the Trade, Transportation, and Utilities Super Sector and the Manufacturing Super Sector are estimated to have the greatest exposure and sensitivity respectively. The Information and the Natural Resources and Mining Super Sectors are estimated to be the least impacted. Areas estimated to experience an Instrumental Intensity of X (10) account for approximately 3 percent of the region's labor market.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081211","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., Hester, D.J., and Wein, A., 2008, Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Labor market exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1211, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081211.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11788,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84412.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 32.63937487360669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68394c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hester, D. J. 0000-0003-0249-7164 dhester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-7164","contributorId":2447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"D.","email":"dhester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne M.","contributorId":12007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86209,"text":"ofr20081222 - 2008 - Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Small business exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T20:59:18.830262","indexId":"ofr20081222","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1222","title":"Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Small business exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","docAbstract":"The Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and various partners from the public and private sectors and academia, meant to improve Southern California's resiliency to natural hazards (Jones and others, 2007). In support of the MHDP objectives, the ShakeOut Scenario was developed. It describes a magnitude 7.8 (M7.8) earthquake along the southernmost 300 kilometers (200 miles) of the San Andreas Fault, identified by geoscientists as a plausible event that will cause moderate to strong shaking over much of the eight-county (Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura) Southern California region. This report contains an exposure and sensitivity analysis of small businesses in terms of labor and employment statistics. Exposure is measured as the absolute counts of labor market variables anticipated to experience each level of Instrumental Intensity (a proxy measure of damage). Sensitivity is the percentage of the exposure of each business establishment size category to each Instrumental Intensity level. The analysis concerns the direct effect of the earthquake on small businesses.\r\n\r\nThe analysis is inspired by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report that analyzed the labor market losses (exposure) of a M6.9 earthquake on the Hayward fault by overlaying geocoded labor market data on Instrumental Intensity values. The method used here is influenced by the ZIP-code-level data provided by the California Employment Development Department (CA EDD), which requires the assignment of Instrumental Intensities to ZIP codes. The ZIP-code-level labor market data includes the number of business establishments, employees, and quarterly payroll categorized by business establishment size.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081222","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., Hester, D.J., and Wein, A., 2008, Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Small business exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1222, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081222.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401952,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84413.htm"},{"id":11787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 32.69486597787505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hester, D. J. 0000-0003-0249-7164 dhester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-7164","contributorId":2447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"D.","email":"dhester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne M.","contributorId":12007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86207,"text":"ds374 - 2008 - Combined high-resolution LIDAR topography and multibeam bathymetry for northern Resurrection Bay, Seward, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T16:17:22.415872","indexId":"ds374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"374","displayTitle":"Combined High-Resolution LIDAR Topography and Multibeam Bathymetry for Northern Resurrection Bay, Seward, Alaska","title":"Combined high-resolution LIDAR topography and multibeam bathymetry for northern Resurrection Bay, Seward, Alaska","docAbstract":"A new Digital Elevation Model was created using the best available high-resolution topography and multibeam bathymetry surrounding the area of Seward, Alaska. Datasets of (1) LIDAR topography collected for the Kenai Watershed Forum, (2) Seward harbor soundings from the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, and (3) multibeam bathymetry from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration contributed to the final combined product. These datasets were placed into a common coordinate system, horizontal datum, vertical datum, and data format prior to being combined. The projected coordinate system of Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 6 North American Datum of 1927 was used for the horizontal coordinates. Z-values in meters were referenced to the tidal datum of Mean High Water. Gaps between the datasets were interpolated to create the final seamless 5-meter grid covering the area of interest around Seward, Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds374","usgsCitation":"Labay, K., and Haeussler, P.J., 2008, Combined high-resolution LIDAR topography and multibeam bathymetry for northern Resurrection Bay, Seward, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 374, Report: iv, 7 p.; Data Sets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds374.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 7 p.; Data Sets","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422343,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84419.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Seward","otherGeospatial":"Resurrection Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.50516282887597,\n 60.18078902313593\n ],\n [\n -149.50516282887597,\n 60.062484138069465\n ],\n [\n -149.29391266292805,\n 60.062484138069465\n ],\n [\n -149.29391266292805,\n 60.18078902313593\n ],\n [\n -149.50516282887597,\n 60.18078902313593\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae72d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86206,"text":"ds331 - 2008 - Comparison of Water Years 2004-05 and Historical Water-Quality Data, Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"ds331","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"331","title":"Comparison of Water Years 2004-05 and Historical Water-Quality Data, Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Population growth and changes in land use have the potential to affect water quality and quantity in the upper Gunnison River Basin. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College, established a water-quality monitoring program in the upper Gunnison River Basin to characterize current water-quality conditions and to assess the effects of increased urban development and other land-use changes on water quality. The monitoring network has evolved into two groups of stations - stations that are considered long term and stations that are considered rotational. The long-term stations are monitored to assist in defining temporal changes in water quality (how conditions may change over time). The rotational stations are monitored to assist in the spatial definition of water-quality conditions (how conditions differ throughout the basin) and to address local and short-term concerns. Some stations in the rotational group were changed beginning in water year 2007. Annual summaries of the water-quality data from the monitoring network provide a point of reference for discussions regarding water-quality monitoring in the upper Gunnison River Basin.\r\n\r\nThis summary includes data collected during water years 2004 and 2005. The introduction provides a map of the sampling sites, definitions of terms, and a one-page summary of selected water-quality conditions at the network stations. The remainder of the summary is organized around the data collected at individual stations. Data collected during water years 2004 and 2005 are compared to historical data, State water-quality standards, and Federal water-quality guidelines. Data were collected following USGS protocols.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds331","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, Western State College","usgsCitation":"Spahr, N.E., Hartle, D.M., and Diaz, P., 2008, Comparison of Water Years 2004-05 and Historical Water-Quality Data, Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 331, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds331.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.75,37.75 ], [ -107.75,39.083333333333336 ], [ -106.25,39.083333333333336 ], [ -106.25,37.75 ], [ -107.75,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartle, David M.","contributorId":81194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diaz, Paul","contributorId":46631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86204,"text":"sir20085147 - 2008 - Regression Analysis of Stage Variability for West-Central Florida Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"sir20085147","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5147","title":"Regression Analysis of Stage Variability for West-Central Florida Lakes","docAbstract":"The variability in a lake's stage depends upon many factors, including surface-water flows, meteorological conditions, and hydrogeologic characteristics near the lake. An understanding of the factors controlling lake-stage variability for a population of lakes may be helpful to water managers who set regulatory levels for lakes. The goal of this study is to determine whether lake-stage variability can be predicted using multiple linear regression and readily available lake and basin characteristics defined for each lake.\r\n\r\nRegressions were evaluated for a recent 10-year period (1996-2005) and for a historical 10-year period (1954-63). Ground-water pumping is considered to have affected stage at many of the 98 lakes included in the recent period analysis, and not to have affected stage at the 20 lakes included in the historical period analysis. For the recent period, regression models had coefficients of determination (R2) values ranging from 0.60 to 0.74, and up to five explanatory variables. Standard errors ranged from 21 to 37 percent of the average stage variability. Net leakage was the most important explanatory variable in regressions describing the full range and low range in stage variability for the recent period. The most important explanatory variable in the model predicting the high range in stage variability was the height over median lake stage at which surface-water outflow would occur. Other explanatory variables in final regression models for the recent period included the range in annual rainfall for the period and several variables related to local and regional hydrogeology: (1) ground-water pumping within 1 mile of each lake, (2) the amount of ground-water inflow (by category), (3) the head gradient between the lake and the Upper Floridan aquifer, and (4) the thickness of the intermediate confining unit. Many of the variables in final regression models are related to hydrogeologic characteristics, underscoring the importance of ground-water exchange in controlling the stage of karst lakes in Florida. Regression equations were used to predict lake-stage variability for the recent period for 12 additional lakes, and the median difference between predicted and observed values ranged from 11 to 23 percent.\r\n\r\nCoefficients of determination for the historical period were considerably lower (maximum R2 of 0.28) than for the recent period. Reasons for these low R2 values are probably related to the small number of lakes (20) with stage data for an equivalent time period that were unaffected by ground-water pumping, the similarity of many of the lake types (large surface-water drainage lakes), and the greater uncertainty in defining historical basin characteristics. The lack of lake-stage data unaffected by ground-water pumping and the poor regression results obtained for that group of lakes limit the ability to predict natural lake-stage variability using this method in west-central Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Sacks, L.A., Ellison, D.L., and Swancar, A., 2008, Regression Analysis of Stage Variability for West-Central Florida Lakes: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5147, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085147.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,26.75 ], [ -83,28.75 ], [ -81.25,28.75 ], [ -81.25,26.75 ], [ -83,26.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, Laura A.","contributorId":19134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellison, Donald L.","contributorId":98401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swancar, Amy aswancar@usgs.gov","contributorId":450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swancar","given":"Amy","email":"aswancar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86196,"text":"sim3037 - 2008 - Bathymetric contour maps of lakes surveyed in Iowa in 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T19:41:52.765609","indexId":"sim3037","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3037","title":"Bathymetric contour maps of lakes surveyed in Iowa in 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, conducted bathymetric surveys on seven lakes in Iowa during 2005 (Arrowhead Pond, Central Park Lake, Lake Keomah, Manteno Park Pond, Lake Miami, Springbrook Lake, and Yellow Smoke Lake). The surveys were conducted to provide the Iowa Department of Natural Resources with information for the development of total maximum daily load limits, particularly for estimating sediment load and deposition rates. The bathymetric surveys provide a baseline for future work on sediment loads and deposition rates for these lakes. All of the lakes surveyed in 2005 are man-made lakes with fixed spillways.\r\n\r\nBathymetric data were collected using boat-mounted, differential global positioning system, echo depth-sounding equipment, and computer software. Data were processed with commercial hydrographic software and exported into a geographic information system for mapping and calculating area and volume. Lake volume estimates ranged from 47,784,000 cubic feet (1,100 acre-feet) at Lake Miami to 2,595,000 cubic feet (60 acre-feet) at Manteno Park Pond. Surface area estimates ranged from 5,454,000 square feet (125 acres) at Lake Miami to 558,000 square feet (13 acres) at Springbrook Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Linhart, S.M., and Lund, K.D., 2008, Bathymetric contour maps of lakes surveyed in Iowa in 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3037, 7 Sheets: 30.00 x 28.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3037.","productDescription":"7 Sheets: 30.00 x 28.50 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411449,"rank":16,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/pdf/sheet7.pdf"},{"id":411448,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/pdf/sheet6.pdf"},{"id":411447,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/pdf/sheet5.pdf"},{"id":411446,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/pdf/sheet4.pdf"},{"id":411445,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/pdf/sheet3.pdf"},{"id":411444,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/pdf/sheet2.pdf"},{"id":411443,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/pdf/sheet1.pdf"},{"id":111123,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84399.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":111124,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84400.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":111125,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84401.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":111119,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84395.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":111120,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84396.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":111121,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84397.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":111122,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.67,\n 40.33\n ],\n [\n -96.67,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -90.0833,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -90.0833,\n 40.333333333333336\n ],\n [\n -96.67,\n 40.33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dbda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linhart, S. M.","contributorId":102517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, K. D.","contributorId":31851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86197,"text":"ofr20081268 - 2008 - Limnological Conditions in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:29:13","indexId":"ofr20081268","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1268","title":"Limnological Conditions in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Spartanburg Water System, conducted three spatial surveys of the limnological conditions in Lake William C. Bowen (Lake Bowen) and Municipal Reservoir #1 (Reservoir #1), Spartanburg County, South Carolina, during August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006. The surveys were conducted to identify spatial distribution and concentrations of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, common trophic state indicators (nutrients, transparency, and chlorophyll a), algal community structure, and stratification of the water column at the time of sampling. Screening tools such as the Carlson trophic state index, total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios, and relative thermal resistance to mixing were used to help compare data among sites and among seasons. Water-column samples were collected at two depths at each selected site: a near-surface sample collected above a 1-meter depth and a lake-bottom sample collected at a depth of 2.5 to 7 meters, depending on the depth at the site. \r\n\r\nThe degree of stratification of the water column was demonstrated by temperature-depth profiles and computed relative thermal resistance to mixing. Seasonal occurrence of thermal stratification (August to September 2005; May 2006) and de-stratification (October 2006) was evident in the depth profiles of water temperature in Lake Bowen. The most stable water-column (highest relative thermal resistance to mixing) conditions occurred in Lake Bowen during the August to September 2005 survey. The least stable water-column (destratified) conditions occurred in Lake Bowen during the October 2006 survey and Reservoir #1 during all three surveys. Changes with depth in dissolved oxygen (decreased with depth to near anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion), pH (decreased with depth), and specific conductance (increased with depth) along with thermal stratification indicated Lake Bowen was exhibiting characteristics common to both mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions.\r\n\r\nNutrient dynamics were different in Lake Bowen during the May 2006 survey from those during the August to September 2005 and October 2006 surveys. Total organic nitrogen concentrations (total Kjeldahl nitrogen minus ammonia) remained relatively constant within the surveys and ranged from 0.15 to 0.36 milligram per liter during the period of study. Nitrate was the dominant inorganic species of nitrogen during May 2006. Ammonia was the dominant species during the August to September 2005 and October 2006 surveys. During the August and September 2005 survey, ammonia was detected only in bottom samples collected in the near anoxic hypolimnion, but during the October 2006 survey, ammonia was detected under destratified conditions in surface and bottom samples. In Lake Bowen, total phosphorus concentrations in bottom samples did not exhibit the dramatic, high values during the May 2006 and October 2006 surveys (0.009 to 0.014 milligram per liter) that were identified for the August to September 2005 survey (0.022 to 0.034 milligram per liter). Chlorophyll a concentrations appeared to vary with the species of inorganic nitrogen. Greater chlorophyll a concentrations were identified in samples from the May 2006 survey (6.8 to 15 micrograms per liter) than in the August to September 2005 (1.2 to 6.4 micrograms per liter) and October surveys (5.6 to 8.2 micrograms per liter) at all sites in Lake Bowen and Reservoir #1. For the three limnological surveys, surface concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus were well below established numerical criteria for South Carolina.\r\n\r\nIn general, the computed trophic state indices indicated that mesotrophic conditions were present in Lake Bowen and Reservoir #1. The total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios in Lake Bowen and Reservoir #1 were below 22:1 for the August to September 2005 survey, indicating a high probability of dominance by nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Ratios during the May and October 2006 surveys at ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081268","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Spartanburg Water System","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., and Abrahamsen, T.A., 2008, Limnological Conditions in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1268, viii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081268.","productDescription":"viii, 96 p.","temporalStart":"2005-08-01","temporalEnd":"2006-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1268.jpg"},{"id":11774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Spartanburg County","otherGeospatial":"Lake William C. Bowen, Municipal Reservoir #1","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.24571228027345,\n 34.97993984237001\n ],\n [\n -82.24571228027345,\n 35.19120581826711\n ],\n [\n -81.73210144042969,\n 35.19120581826711\n ],\n [\n -81.73210144042969,\n 34.97993984237001\n ],\n [\n -82.24571228027345,\n 34.97993984237001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahamsen, Thomas A.","contributorId":79137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamsen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86198,"text":"sir20085015 - 2008 - Hydrochemical Regions of the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern United States, and Their Environmental and Water-Quality Characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20085015","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5015","title":"Hydrochemical Regions of the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern United States, and Their Environmental and Water-Quality Characteristics","docAbstract":"The glacial aquifer system in the United States is a large (953,000 square miles) regional aquifer system of heterogeneous composition. As described in this report, the glacial aquifer system includes all unconsolidated geologic material above bedrock that lies on or north of the line of maximum glacial advance within the United States. Examining ground-water quality on a regional scale indicates that variations in the concentrations of major and minor ions and some trace elements most likely are the result of natural variations in the geologic and physical environment. Study of the glacial aquifer system was designed around a regional framework based on the assumption that two primary characteristics of the aquifer system can affect water quality: intrinsic susceptibility (hydraulic properties) and vulnerability (geochemical properties). The hydrochemical regions described in this report were developed to identify and explain regional spatial variations in ground-water quality in the glacial aquifer system within the hypothetical framework context. Data analyzed for this study were collected from 1991 to 2003 at 1,716 wells open to the glacial aquifer system.\r\n\r\nCluster analysis was used to group wells with similar ground-water concentrations of calcium, chloride, fluoride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfate, and bicarbonate into five unique groups. Maximum Likelihood Classification was used to make the extrapolation from clustered groups of wells, defined by points, to areas of similar water quality (hydrochemical regions) defined in a geospatial model. Spatial data that represented average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, land use, land-surface slope, vertical soil permeability, average soil clay content, texture of surficial deposits, type of surficial deposit, and potential for ground-water recharge were used in the Maximum Likelihood Classification to classify the areas so the characteristics of the hydrochemical regions would resemble the characteristics of the clusters. The result of the Maximum Likelihood Classification is a map showing five hydrochemical regions of the glacial aquifer system.\r\n\r\nStatistical analysis of ion concentrations (calcium, chloride, fluoride, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, and bicarbonate) in samples collected from wells completed in the glacial aquifer system illustrates that variations in water quality can be explained, in part, by related environmental characteristics that control the movement of ground water through the aquifer system. A comparison of median concentrations of chemical constituents in ground water among the five hydrochemical regions indicates that ground water in the Midwestern Agricultural Region, the Urban-Influenced Region, and the Western Agriculture and Grassland Region has the highest concentrations of major and minor ions, whereas ground water in the Northern and Great Lakes Forested Region and the Mountain and Coastal Forested Region has the lowest concentrations of these ions. Median concentrations of barium, arsenic, lithium, boron, strontium, and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen also are significantly different among the hydrochemical regions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085015","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T., Warner, K., Groschen, G.E., Caldwell, J.P., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 2008, Hydrochemical Regions of the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern United States, and Their Environmental and Water-Quality Characteristics (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5015, viii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085015.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11775,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,35 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -65,50 ], [ -65,35 ], [ -125,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628df0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, James P.","contributorId":46599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86199,"text":"ofr20081255 - 2008 - Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20081255","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1255","title":"Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2007","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25 to 40 miles wide. The basin is defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompass the structural Rio Grande Rift within the basin. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin are currently (2007) obtained solely from ground-water resources. An increase of about 20 percent in the population from 1990 to 2000 also resulted in an increased demand for water. A network of wells was established to monitor changes in ground-water levels throughout the basin from April 1982 through September 1983. This network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly in 1983. Currently (2007), the network consists of 131 wells and piezometers. This report presents water-level data collected by U.S. Geological Survey personnel at 131 sites through water-year 2007. Data from five sites (Sites 9, 10, 31, 71 and 78) were not measured during the 2007 water-year, but are included in this report because recent data are useful for comparison and (or) data have been collected that will be included in the water-year 2008 report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., 2008, Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1255, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081255.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11776,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34 ], [ -107.5,36 ], [ -106,36 ], [ -106,34 ], [ -107.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beman, Joseph E. 0000-0002-0689-029X jebeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-029X","contributorId":2619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beman","given":"Joseph","email":"jebeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86200,"text":"ds341 - 2008 - Total Mercury, Methylmercury, and Ancillary Water-Quality and Streamflow Data for Selected Streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"ds341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"341","title":"Total Mercury, Methylmercury, and Ancillary Water-Quality and Streamflow Data for Selected Streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06","docAbstract":"Field and analytical methods, mercury and ancillary water-quality data, and associated quality-control data are reported for eight streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida from 2002 to 2006. The streams were sampled as part of a U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program study of mercury cycling, transport, and bioaccumulation in urban and nonurban stream ecosystems that receive mercury predominantly by way of atmospheric deposition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds341","usgsCitation":"Brigham, M.E., Duris, J.W., Wentz, D.A., Button, D.T., and Chasar, L.C., 2008, Total Mercury, Methylmercury, and Ancillary Water-Quality and Streamflow Data for Selected Streams in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 341, viii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds341.","productDescription":"viii, 12 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/341/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629da2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Button, Daniel T. 0000-0002-7479-884X dtbutton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-884X","contributorId":2084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Button","given":"Daniel","email":"dtbutton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86193,"text":"ofr20081280 - 2008 - Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081280","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1280","title":"Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone","docAbstract":"The Pacific Risk Management 'Ohana (PRiMO) is a network of partners and stakeholders involved in the development, delivery, and communication of risk management-related information, products, and services across the Pacific Ocean (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Services Center, 2008). One PRiMO-related project is the NOAA National Climatic Data Center's Integrated Data and Environmental Applications (IDEA) Center's Pacific Region Integrated Climatology Information Products (PRICIP) initiative, which seeks to improve the understanding of patterns and trends of storm frequency and intensity ('storminess') within the Pacific region and to develop a suite of integrated information products that can be used by emergency managers, mitigation planners, government agencies, and other decision-makers (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Data and Environmental Applications Center, 2008a).\r\n\r\nOne of the PRICIP information products is a historical storm 'event anatomy', which includes a summary of sector-specific socioeconomic impacts associated with a particular event, as well as information about the event and its climatological context. The intent of an event anatomy is to convey the causes of an extreme storm event and the associated impacts in a format that users can understand. The event anatomies also are intended to familiarize users with the in-place and remotely sensed products typically employed to track and forecast weather and climate. The first event anatomy developed as a prototype and hosted on the PRICIP portal is for Hurricane 'Iniki (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Data and Environmental Applications Center, 2008b), a Category 3-4 hurricane that made landfall on the south coast of Kaua'i Island on September 11, 1992, with estimated maximum sustained winds of more than 140 mph and gusts as high as 175 mph. Storm-surge inundation occurred on the southern and northeastern coast of Kaua'i Island.\r\n\r\nIn an effort to increase the amount of available information on the Hurricane 'Iniki event anatomy of the PRICIP portal, representatives from the NOAA NCDC IDEA Center contacted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2007 for assistance in determining what current societal assets are in areas that were inundated by storm surge during Hurricane 'Iniki in 1992. This report contains data summarizing the amount and percentage of current societal assets on Kaua'i Island, Hawai'i, that exist in the historic Hurricane 'Iniki storm-surge inundation zone. Coupled with an array of information on the socioeconomic impacts of Hurricane 'Iniki and distributed through the PRICIP portal, the results of this effort will help managers and the general public to understand the current risks posed by extreme storms in the Pacific Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Climatic Data Center's Integrated Data and Environmental Applications (IDEA) Center","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., 2008, Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1280, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081280.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-09-11","temporalEnd":"1992-09-11","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.8,21.5 ], [ -159.8,22.3 ], [ -159.2,22.3 ], [ -159.2,21.5 ], [ -159.8,21.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6867d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86186,"text":"ds363 - 2008 - Bank topography, bathymetry, and current velocity of the lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington, May 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T20:07:15.760733","indexId":"ds363","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"363","title":"Bank topography, bathymetry, and current velocity of the lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington, May 2006","docAbstract":"The removal of two dams from the mainstem of the Elwha River is expected to cause a broad range of changes to the river and nearby coastal ecosystem. The U.S. Geological Survey has documented aspects of the condition of the river to allow analysis of ecological responses to dam removal. This report documents the bank topography, river bathymetry, and current velocity data collected along the lower 0.5 kilometer of the Elwha River, May 15-17, 2006. This information supplements nearshore and beach surveys done in 2006 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound program near the Elwha River delta in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds363","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Konrad, C.P., Dinehart, R.L., and Moran, E.H., 2008, Bank topography, bathymetry, and current velocity of the lower Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington, May 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 363, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds363.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","temporalStart":"2006-05-15","temporalEnd":"2006-05-17","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403097,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84315.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11763,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clallam County","otherGeospatial":"lower Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57078552246094,\n 48.132756956631226\n ],\n [\n -123.55670928955077,\n 48.132756956631226\n ],\n [\n -123.55670928955077,\n 48.15440574128317\n ],\n [\n -123.57078552246094,\n 48.15440574128317\n ],\n [\n -123.57078552246094,\n 48.132756956631226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86188,"text":"fs20083061 - 2008 - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T09:05:12","indexId":"fs20083061","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3061","title":"Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Overview","docAbstract":"The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is an instrument that collects remotely sensed data used by scientists for monitoring, modeling, and assessing the effects of natural processes and human actions on the Earth's surface. The continual calibration of the MODIS instruments, the refinement of algorithms used to create higher-level products, and the ongoing product validation make MODIS images a valuable time series (2000-present) of geophysical and biophysical land-surface measurements. Carried on two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites, MODIS acquires morning (EOS-Terra) and afternoon (EOS-Aqua) views almost daily. Terra data acquisitions began in February 2000 and Aqua data acquisitions began in July 2002. Land data are generated only as higher-level products, removing the burden of common types of data processing from the user community. MODIS-based products describing ecological dynamics, radiation budget, and land cover are projected onto a sinusoidal mapping grid and distributed as 10- by 10-degree tiles at 250-, 500-, or 1,000-meter spatial resolution. Some products are also created on a 0.05-degree geographic grid to support climate modeling studies. All MODIS products are distributed in the Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) file format and are available through file transfer protocol (FTP) or on digital video disc (DVD) media.\r\n\r\nVersions 4 and 5 of MODIS land data products are currently available and represent 'validated' collections defined in stages of accuracy that are based on the number of field sites and time periods for which the products have been validated. Version 5 collections incorporate the longest time series of both Terra and Aqua MODIS data products.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083061","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Overview (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3061, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083061.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3061.jpg"},{"id":11765,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367523,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3061/pdf/fs2008-3061.pdf"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86189,"text":"ofr20071440 - 2008 - Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20071440","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1440","title":"Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","docAbstract":"The monitoring of wide-area hydrologic events requires the manipulation of large amounts of geospatial and time series data into concise information products that characterize the location and magnitude of the event. To perform these manipulations, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS), with the cooperation of the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA), have implemented a hydrologic modeling system. The system includes a data assimilation component to generate data for a Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) that can be run operationally to identify and map wide-area streamflow anomalies. GeoSFM integrates a geographical information system (GIS) for geospatial preprocessing and postprocessing tasks and hydrologic modeling routines implemented as dynamically linked libraries (DLLs) for time series manipulations. Model results include maps that depicting the status of streamflow and soil water conditions. This Users Manual provides step-by-step instructions for running the model and for downloading and processing the input data required for initial model parameterization and daily operation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071440","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Artan, G.A., Asante, K., Smith, J., Pervez, M., Entenmann, D., Verdin, J.P., and Rowland, J., 2008, Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1440, iv, 146 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071440.","productDescription":"iv, 146 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11766,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1440/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asante, Kwabena 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":65948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jodie","contributorId":29531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jodie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Entenmann, Debbie 0000-0002-8841-697X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":8194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Entenmann","given":"Debbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":86191,"text":"sir20085129 - 2008 - Remote-controlled pan, tilt, zoom cameras at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T12:54:02","indexId":"sir20085129","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5129","title":"Remote-controlled pan, tilt, zoom cameras at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Lists of important volcano-monitoring disciplines usually include seismology, geodesy, and gas geochemistry. Visual monitoring - the essence of volcanology - is usually not mentioned. Yet, observations of the outward appearance of a volcano provide data that is equally as important as that provided by the other disciplines. The eye was almost certainly the first volcano monitoring-tool used by early man. Early volcanology was mostly descriptive and was based on careful visual observations of volcanoes. There is still no substitute for the eye of an experienced volcanologist. Today, scientific instruments replace or augment our senses as monitoring tools because instruments are faster and more sensitive, work tirelessly day and night, keep better records, operate in hazardous environments, do not generate lawsuits when damaged or destroyed, and in most cases are cheaper. Furthermore, instruments are capable of detecting phenomena that are outside the reach of our senses. The human eye is now augmented by the camera. Sequences of timed images provide a record of visual phenomena that occur on and above the surface of volcanoes. Photographic monitoring is a fundamental monitoring tool; image sequences can often provide the basis for interpreting other data streams. Monitoring data are most useful when they are generated and are available for analysis in real-time or near real-time. This report describes the current (as of 2006) system for real-time photograph acquisition and transmission from remote sites on Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes to the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). It also describes how the photographs are archived and analyzed. In addition to providing system documentation for HVO, we hope that the report will prove useful as a practical guide to the construction of a high-bandwidth network for the telemetry of real-time data from remote locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085129","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R.P., Orr, T., Castella, F., and Cervelli, P.F., 2008, Remote-controlled pan, tilt, zoom cameras at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawai'i (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5129, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085129.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11768,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.6,19.2 ], [ -155.6,19.9 ], [ -155,19.9 ], [ -155,19.2 ], [ -155.6,19.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R.","contributorId":86859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castella, Frederic","contributorId":86065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castella","given":"Frederic","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter F. 0000-0001-6765-1009 pcervelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":1936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","email":"pcervelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86192,"text":"ofr20081275 - 2008 - Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081275","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1275","title":"Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service","docAbstract":"We conducted a baseline inventory for avian species at Manzanar National Historic Site, Inyo County, Calif., from 2002 to 2005. Under the guidelines of the Mojave Network Biological Inventory Program, the primary objectives for this study were to (1) inventory and document the occurrence of avian species at Manzanar, with the goal of documenting at least 90 percent of the species present; (2) provide a geographic information system (GIS)-referenced list of sensitive species occurring at Manzanar that are rare, on Federal or State lists, or otherwise worthy of special consideration; and (3) enter all species data into the National Park Service NPSpecies database. Survey methods included general area searches, variable circular plot point-count censusing, nocturnal surveys, and nest searching. During 13 year-round survey sessions, we documented the occurrence of 132 bird species at Manzanar and confirmed breeding by 19 of these. Based on our findings, as well as review of the literature and searches for records of species occurrence, we estimate inventory completeness for regularly occurring bird species at Manzanar to be near 90 percent. No sensitive species on Federal or State lists were found. The distribution and relative abundance of common bird species at this site is now well enough known to begin development of a monitoring protocol for this group.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Hart, J., and Drost, C., 2008, Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1275, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081275.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11769,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.2,36.7 ], [ -118.2,36.8 ], [ -118.1,36.8 ], [ -118.1,36.7 ], [ -118.2,36.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Jan","contributorId":38246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles","contributorId":52524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86174,"text":"ofr20071441 - 2008 - Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20071441","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1441","title":"Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","docAbstract":"The monitoring of wide-area hydrologic events requires the use of geospatial and time series data available in near-real time. These data sets must be manipulated into information products that speak to the location and magnitude of the event. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (USGS EROS) Center have implemented a hydrologic modeling system which consists of an operational data processing system and the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM). The data processing system generates daily forcing evapotranspiration and precipitation data from various remotely sensed and ground-based data sources. To allow for rapid implementation in data scarce environments, widely available terrain, soil, and land cover data sets are used for model setup and initial parameter estimation. GeoSFM performs geospatial preprocessing and postprocessing tasks as well as hydrologic modeling tasks within an ArcView GIS environment. The integration of GIS routines and time series processing routines is achieved seamlessly through the use of dynamically linked libraries (DLLs) embedded within Avenue scripts. GeoSFM is run operationally to identify and map wide-area streamflow anomalies. Daily model results including daily streamflow and soil water maps are disseminated through Internet map servers, flood hazard bulletins and other media.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071441","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Asante, K.O., Artan, G.A., Pervez, M., Bandaragoda, C., and Verdin, J.P., 2008, Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1441, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071441.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11751,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1441/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asante, Kwabena O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":81578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bandaragoda, Christina","contributorId":27951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandaragoda","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86176,"text":"ofr20081248 - 2008 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T13:11:07","indexId":"ofr20081248","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1248","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07","docAbstract":"In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS initially operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham (H5r), Fairhaven (H9r), Grant (H2r), and Lake Townships (H25Ar) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report (fig. 1). The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only wells H9r and H25Ar retained continuous water-level recorders, while wells H2r and H5r reverted to quarterly or periodic measurement status due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. Well H2r was selected for periodic measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is absent in much of Huron County and well H5r, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected because the water level in the well is often perturbed as a result of pumpage from nearby production wells and does not always reflect baseline conditions within the aquifer.
USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level in 24 of the wells on a quarterly basis. USGS personnel accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel on a semi-annual basis to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report.
The altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for groundwater levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the meanmonthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made at Essexville and Harbor Beach (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008), and monthly precipitation measured in Harbor Beach, Sebewaing, and Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Danny Costello, written commun., 2007-08).
In December 2007, the water level in Lake Huron dropped to a new monthly mean low of 576.38 ft for the period from 1988 through 2007 (the previous lowwater level of 576.57 ft was measured in March 2003). The net decline in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2006 through December 2007 was 0.68 ft. In 2006, annual precipitation measured at Harbor Beach was 3.2 in. above the long-term average of 31.1 in., with 10.6 in. measured during the 2006 growing season (May through August). In 2007, annual precipitation measured at Harbor Beach was 1.4 in. below normal, with 9.7 in. measured during the growing season.
In the two wells equipped with continuous waterlevel recorders, the water level rose 0.32 ft from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 in well H9r, but declined 1.11 ft in well H25Ar. Curiously, well H9r is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was a 0.68 ft decline in the water level in Saginaw Bay during that period.
Twenty four wells were measured on a quarterly or periodic basis from December 2005 through December 2007 (well H26 was destroyed during summer 2007 reducing the total number of wells from 25). These wells are completed in the glacial, Saginaw and Marshall aquifers, and the Coldwater confining unit. Although each quarterly or periodic measurement only provides a “snapshot” water level (measured in ft below land surface, and altitude, in ft above sea level), the data adequately define the generalized water-level trend in the aquifer near the well. Water levels in 6 quarterly-measured wells had net rises ranging from 0.09 to 1.45 ft for the period, while water levels in 18 of the wells had net declines ranging from 0.26 to 2.19 ft (tables 1 and 2; fig. 3).
Period-of-record (the time period during which water levels have been measured by U.S. Geological Survey or their cooperators) minimum depths to water (high-water levels) were measured in March and December 2006 in two quarterly-measured wells completed in the Saginaw aquifer in Oliver and Sebewaing Townships, respectively. A period-of-record minimum depth to water was also recorded June 5, 2007 in well H9r, completed in the Michigan Formation/Marshall aquifer in Fairhaven Township. Period-of-record maximum depths to water were measured in September 2007 in two wells completed in the Marshall aquifer in Oliver and Dwight Townships. Notably, water levels in those two wells recovered about 1 to 3 ft between September and December 2007. No period-of-record minimum or maximum depths to water were measured in wells completed in either the glacial aquifer or the Coldwater confining unit from December 2005 through December 2007.
Several external factors influence water-level trends including proximity to nearby production wells, amount and timing of precipitation events, evapotranspiration and type of prevalent ground cover, proximity of aquifer to the surface, and hydraulic characteristics of overlying geologic materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Huron County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Blumer, S.P., and Fuller, L.M., 2008, Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1248, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081248.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081248.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Huron 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L.","contributorId":24339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumer, S. P.","contributorId":23938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, L. M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86178,"text":"ofr20081264 - 2008 - Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"ofr20081264","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1264","title":"Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"This study examines a large drainage network incised into alluvial terraces located along the Colorado River downstream of Palisades Creek in Grand Canyon National Park, Ariz. Gully erosion in the drainage affects archaeological sites found on the wide, relatively flat alluvial terraces. In 1996, 7-d release of 1,274 cubic meters per second of water from Glen Canyon Dam, known as a controlled flood, deposited fine-grained sediment - sand, silt, and clay - in the mouth of the network's largest gully, informally known as south gully. The deposit persisted for several years, but the drainage network steepened in the downstream reaches between 1999 and 2004. A high-flow experiment similar to the 1996 controlled flood was conducted in November 2004. The 2004 experiment was of a lower magnitude and shorter duration compared to the 1996 controlled flood. Topographic surveys were made in the field before, immediately after, and 6 months following the November 2004 experiment, and these measurements were compared to those made in 1996 and in other years. Similar to the response in 1996, fine-grained sediment was deposited in the mouth of the south gully and this mass was largely retained during the 6 months following the 2004 event. The magnitude of deposition in 2004 was nearly two times greater than that resulting from the 1996 controlled flood. We attribute this marked difference to increased accommodation space for deposition in the gully mouth, which was more deeply eroded in 2004 than it was in 1996. The second of the two primary gullies found within the Palisades gully network, the north gully, was largely unaffected by either high flow. Between 1996 and 2005, erosion was primarily confined to the lower reach of the south gully, while the upper reach remained relatively stable. The available data suggest that local base-level changes in the south gully mouth were not linked to the stability of the upstream gully reach. It could not be determined whether temporary base-level increases or maintenance of erosion-control structures were causal factors in limiting erosion in the upstream reaches of the drainage network.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081264","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., Parnell, R., and Fairley, H., 2008, Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1264, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081264.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.86749999999999,36 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36.25 ], [ -111.75,36.25 ], [ -111.75,36 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A.","contributorId":41922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86179,"text":"ofr20081276 - 2008 - Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T18:52:47.106761","indexId":"ofr20081276","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1276","title":"Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques","docAbstract":"In 2002, fine-grained sediment (sand, silt, and clay) monitoring in the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam was initiated to survey channel topography at scales previously unobtainable in this canyon setting. This report presents the methods used to establish the high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) control network required for this effort as well as the conventional surveying techniques used in the study. Using simultaneous, dual-frequency GPS vector-based methods, the network points were determined to have positioning accuracies of less than 0.03 meters (m) and ellipsoidal height accuracies of between 0.01 and 0.10 m at a 95-percent degree of confidence. We also assessed network point quality with repeated, electronic (optical) total-station observations at 39 points for a total of 362 measurements; the mean range was 0.022 m in horizontal and 0.13 in vertical at a 95-percent confidence interval. These results indicate that the control network is of sufficient spatial and vertical accuracy for collection of airborne and subaerial remote-sensing technologies and integration of these data in a geographic information system on a repeatable basis without anomalies. The monitoring methods were employed in up to 11 discrete reaches over various time intervals. The reaches varied from 1.3 to 6.4 kilometers in length. Field results from surveys in 2000, 2002, and 2004 are described, during which conventional surveying was used to collect more than 3000 points per day. Ground points were used as checkpoints and to supplement areas just below or above the water surface, where remote-sensing data are not collected or are subject to greater error. An accuracy of +or- 0.05 m was identified as the minimum precision of individual ground points. These results are important for assessing digital elevation model (DEM) quality and identifying detection limits of significant change among surfaces generated from remote-sensing technologies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081276","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University and Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., Parnell, R., Kohl, K., and Schmidt, J.C., 2008, Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1276, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081276.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84318.htm"},{"id":195312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11756,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0435791015625,\n 35.4382955473967\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 35.4382955473967\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -114.0435791015625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -114.0435791015625,\n 35.4382955473967\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6274ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. 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Barren and non-diagnostic samples plus many that have no paleontologic information were omitted to provide a revised list for more than 27,000 of these samples by Brabb and Parker (2005). The locations for many of these samples were recorded by Chevron geoscientists on topographic maps (originals now in the USGS Library in Menlo Park, Calif.). The recent availability of digital databases for geologic and topographic maps has provided the opportunity to prepare a database of the locations of these Chevron samples so that the information can be combined with geology and topography for plotting or geospatial analysis. This report provides specific locations for more than 13,000 samples in central California that have enough paleontologic information to determine their age but omits thousands of samples that are too closely spaced to differentiate or those that have only a general location.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081187","usgsCitation":"Malmblorg, W.T., West, W., Brabb, E.E., and Parker, J.M., 2008, Digital coordinates and age of more than 13,000 foraminifers samples collected by Chevron Petroleum geologists in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1187, Report: iii, 3 p.; ReadMe; 2 Databases, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081187.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; ReadMe; 2 Databases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malmblorg, William T.","contributorId":94758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmblorg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"West, William B.","contributorId":57972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"William B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, John M.","contributorId":29053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86182,"text":"ofr20081013 - 2008 - Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T07:29:14","indexId":"ofr20081013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1013","title":"Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) historically has not attempted to report comprehensive world production of gemstones on a country basis. This was because estimation of gemstone production is inherently difficult due to the fragmentary nature of the industry, the lack of governmental oversight or reporting in many countries where colored gemstones are mined, and the wide variation in quality between individual gemstones. Unlike diamonds, which, with the exception of the alluvial stones of West Africa, are mainly produced by large international mining companies and evaluated, cut, and marketed through a highly developed pricing structure and complex commercial arrangements, colored gemstones are mainly mined by individuals or small companies and have less developed evaluation and marketing arrangements. The trading centers for colored gems are smaller and less well known than the diamond centers. Colored gemstones, like alluvial diamonds, have the potential to be used to fund civil conflicts and other illegal activities, and because trade in colored gemstones is less organized than that of diamonds, they offer less opportunity for effective regulation of their trade. And, like diamond, until the recent advent of the Kimberley Process no generally accepted estimates of colored gemstone production globally or by producing country have existed. The present paper is a first attempt to develop production statistics for the three precious gems -emeralds, rubies, and sapphires - and tanzanite tanzanite, a semi-precious gem. The data consist of the weight of production of each of the gemstones from 1995 through 2005. Preliminary data on the weights of gemstone production were presented as a poster session at the Gemological Institute of America's Gemological Research Conference in San Diego, CA, in 2006, and as a published abstract (Yager, 2006) in an attempt to gather response to the estimates. The USGS continues to welcome information and suggestions that would improve the data presented here.
\nInformation used to make the production estimates presented in this paper include annual USGS Mineral Questionnaires completed by producing countries, data on exports from producing countries, reports from the literature, and company reports.
\nComparisons of the weight and the value of production of a type of gemstone between countries may differ considerably. Whereas east African countries dominate the weight production of rubies, Burma (Myanmar) is widely thought to have the highest value of ruby production. Data on the value of gemstone production are even more difficult to estimate than is the weight of production. Value of production is dependent upon both the quality and the sizes of the stones produced. Such data are not readily available and are difficult to estimate; therefore this report does not present tables of values of production. Instead, the report briefly discusses the forms in which gemstones are sold, the systems used to value the gemstones, and selected data that illustrate the variability of value of gemstones of a particular type.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081013","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Menzie, W.D., and Olson, D.W., 2008, Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1013, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081013.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":11759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318322,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_3_Sapphire_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 3 - Sapphire","size":"21.5 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318323,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_4_Tanzanite_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 4 - Tanzanite","size":"14 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_1_Emeralds_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 1 - Emerald","size":"19 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318321,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_2_Ruby_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 2 - Ruby","size":"20.5 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Thomas R.","contributorId":54681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86183,"text":"ofr20081141 - 2008 - Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20081141","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1141","title":"Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata","docAbstract":"This report is a compilation of most of the known fossil locality data from Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 quadrangle, West Texas. The data represent several major collection efforts over the past century by the Smithsonian Institution, the American Museum of Natural History, and the U.S. Geological Survey. \r\n\r\nThis dataset is not meant to be all inclusive but instead is an attempt to pull together the vast amount of paleontologic data originally collected by Girty (1908) and King (1948), much of which is unpublished and (or) poorly located. The author visited most of the major fossil collection sites to collect for conodonts on a ten-year program funded by the Smithsonian Institution for collaborative research with Richard E. Grant. Guadalupe Mountains National Park occupies the northern part of the quadrangle, and the Park Service has been very helpful over the years in compiling the data and relocating the collection sites. \r\n\r\nThis dataset serves as the prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, part of the National Geologic Map Database Project. The database is intended to be indexed to 1:100,000 quadrangles of the U.S. The minimum number of fields and information within those fields is shown in the report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081141","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., 2008, Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1141, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081141.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11760,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86185,"text":"sir20085135 - 2008 - Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration at the Amargosa Desert Research Site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, 2003-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:30:15","indexId":"sir20085135","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5135","title":"Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration at the Amargosa Desert Research Site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, 2003-06","docAbstract":"Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) were made at the U.S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site in southern Nevada to help quantify component- and landscape-scale contributions to ET in an arid environment. Evapotranspiration data were collected approximately every 3 months from 2003 to 2006. Chamber measurements of ET were partitioned into bare-soil evaporation and mixed-species transpiration components. The component-scale ET fluxes from native shrubs typically surpassed those from bare soil by as much as a factor of four. Component-scale ET fluxes were extrapolated to landscape-scale ET using a one-layer, multi-component canopy model. Landscape-scale ET fluxes predominantly were controlled by bare-soil evaporation. Bare soil covered 94 percent of the landscape on average and contributed about 70 percent of the landscape-scale vapor flux. Creosote bush, an evergreen shrub, accounted for about 90 percent of transpiration on average due to its dominance across the landscape (80 percent of the 6 percent shrub cover) and evergreen character. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085135","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., Johnson, M.J., Andraski, B.J., Halford, K.J., and Mayers, C.J., 2008, Portable chamber measurements of evapotranspiration at the Amargosa Desert Research Site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, 2003-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5135, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085135.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,36 ], [ -117.25,37.25 ], [ -115.75,37.25 ], [ -115.75,36 ], [ -117.25,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":94745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}