Raman spectroscopy was studied as a thermal maturity probe in a series of Upper Devonian Ohio Shale samples from the Appalachian Basin spanning from immature to dry gas conditions. Raman spectroscopy also was applied to samples spanning a similar thermal range created from 72-h hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiments of the Ohio Shale at temperatures from 300 to 360 °C and isothermal HP experiments lasting up to 100 days of similar Devonian–Mississippian New Albany Shale. Raman spectra were treated by automated evaluation software based on iterative and simultaneous modeling of signal and baseline functions to decrease subjectivity. Spectra show robust correlation to measured solid bitumen reflectance (BRo) values and were therefore used to construct logarithmic regression relationships for calculation of BRo equivalent values. Raman spectra show considerable differences between natural samples and HP residues with similar measured BRo values, indicating as-yet undetermined differences in carbon chemistry. We speculate this result may be due to differences in the sampling interactions of Raman vs reflectance measurements, and the incomplete nature of maturation reactions in the time-limited hydrous pyrolysis residues. Samples used in this study are similar in organic assemblage (dominantly solid bitumen) to other commonly exploited North American shale petroleum systems, i.e., Bakken, Barnett, Duvernay, Fayetteville, and Woodford shales. Therefore, results presented herein may be broadly applicable to other important shale plays. However, caution is suggested and Raman spectroscopy as a thermal probe may need individual calibration in each shale play due to differences in solid bitumen carbon chemistry.
The Fuels Guide and Database (FGD) is intended to provide fuel loading and vegetation information for big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecological sites in the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (hereinafter the NCA) in southern Idaho. Sagebrush ecosystems in the NCA and throughout much of the Great Basin are highly influenced by non-native plants that alter successional trajectories and promote frequent wildfires, especially due to fine-fuel loadings that are highly variable over time and space. These dynamic fuel conditions can increase uncertainty when attempting to project fire risk and fire behavior. The FGD was developed to help quantify and assess these dynamic fuel loadings, and it provides access to fuels data across a range of conditions, from relatively intact sagebrush-bunchgrass communities to degraded communities dominated by nonnative annual grasses and forbs. The FGD can be queried for a variety of environmental conditions, and it provides tabular data, reports, and photographic records of fuels based on user queries. This report describes the FGD, including overall data content and data-collection methods, as well as instructions for installing and using the database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Joint Fire Science Program","usgsCitation":"Shinneman, D.J., Welty, J.L., Arkle, R.S., Pilliod, D.S., Glenn, N.F., McIlroy, S.K., and Halford, A.S., 2018, Fuels guide and database for intact and invaded big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecological sites—User manual: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1048, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1048.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083880","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1048/ds1048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1048"},{"id":358026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1048/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358028,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PC31P4","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Fuels database for intact and invaded big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecological sites"}],"contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Floods in the Mississippi basin can have large negative societal, natural, and economic impacts. Understanding the drivers of floods, now and in the future, is relevant for risk management and infrastructure-planning purposes. We investigate the drivers of 100-yr-return lower Mississippi River floods using a global coupled climate model with an integrated surface water module. The model provides 3400 years of physically consistent data from a static climate, in contrast to available observational data (relatively short records, incomplete land surface data, transient climate). In the months preceding the model’s 100-yr floods, as indicated by extreme monthly discharge, above-average rain and snowfall lead to moist subsurface conditions and the buildup of snowpack, making the river system prone to these major flooding events. The meltwater from snowpack in the northern Missouri and upper Mississippi catchments primes the river system, sensitizing it to subsequent above-average precipitation in the Ohio and Tennessee catchments. An ensemble of transient forcing experiments is used to investigate the impacts of past and projected anthropogenic climate change on extreme floods. There is no statistically significant projected trend in the occurrence of 100-yr floods in the model ensemble, despite significant increases in extreme precipitation, significant decreases in extreme snowmelt, and significant decreases in less extreme floods. The results emphasize the importance of considering the fully coupled land–atmosphere system for extreme floods. This initial analysis provides avenues for further investigation, including comparison to characteristics of less extreme floods, the sensitivity to model configuration, the role of human water management, and implications for future flood-risk management.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-18-0018.1","usgsCitation":"van der Wiel, K., Kapnick, S.B., Vecchi, G.A., Smith, J.A., Milly, P.C., and Jia, L., 2018, 100-year lower Mississippi floods in a global climate model: Characteristics and future changes: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 19, p. 1547-1563, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0018.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1547","endPage":"1563","ipdsId":"IP-092375","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a92fe4b034bf6a7e505b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Wiel, Karin","contributorId":209883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Wiel","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapnick, Sarah B.","contributorId":189908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapnick","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchi, Gabriel A.","contributorId":209884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vecchi","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6644,"text":"Princeton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, James A.","contributorId":209885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6644,"text":"Princeton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milly, Paul C. D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":176836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jia, Liwei","contributorId":209886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jia","given":"Liwei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38020,"text":"NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199369,"text":"fs20183063 - 2018 - 2018 hurricane and wildfire supplemental funding: USGS recovery activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-15T12:27:01","indexId":"fs20183063","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-02T18:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-3063","displayTitle":"2018 Hurricane and Wildfire Supplemental Funding: USGS Recovery Activities","title":"2018 hurricane and wildfire supplemental funding: USGS recovery activities","docAbstract":"The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-123), was signed by the President on February 9, 2018. This funding provided $42.2 million to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for equipment repair and replacement, high-resolution elevation data collection in both hurricane- and wildfire-impacted areas, and scientific studies and assessments that will support recovery and rebuilding decisions in the wake of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria and the California Wildfires.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183063","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., and Stachyra, J., 2018, 2018 hurricane and wildfire supplemental funding—USGS recovery activities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3063, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183063.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-101229","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358115,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3063/fs20183063_spread.pdf","text":"Report - Spread","size":"3.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3063/fs20183063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3063"},{"id":358024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3063/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Natural Hazards Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center—Tennessee
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), along with partner organizations, has developed an earthquake early warning (EEW) system called ShakeAlert for the highest risk areas of the United States: namely, California, Oregon, and Washington. The purpose of the system is to reduce the impact of earthquakes and save lives and property by providing alerts to institutional users and the public. Using networks of ground-motion sensors and sophisticated computer algorithms, ShakeAlert can detect an earthquake seconds after it begins, calculate its location and magnitude, and estimate the resulting intensity of shaking. Alerts can then be sent to people and systems that may experience damaging shaking, allowing them to take appropriate protective actions. Depending on the user’s distance from the earthquake, alerts may be delivered before, during, or after the arrival of strong shaking.
ShakeAlert is built on the foundation of the sensor networks and data processing infrastructure of the USGS-led Advanced National Seismic System. However, these networks were not originally designed for EEW; old equipment needs to be updated and new stations must be added to construct EEW-capable networks. The ShakeAlert data-processing infrastructure includes redundant servers that are geographically distributed at monitoring centers in Seattle, Washington, as well as Menlo Park, Berkeley, and Pasadena in California. Three data-processing layers collect raw ground-motion data from field stations (data layer), analyze these data to estimate the area and intensity of the resulting shaking (production layer), and publish alert products as appropriate for end users (alert layer). The alert layer can support thousands of institutional users and alert redistributors, but the USGS does not have the mission, infrastructure, or expertise to perform public notifications and is therefore recruiting technology enablers from the private sector. Additionally, ShakeAlert will coordinate with both public and private partners to accomplish consistent and ongoing public communication, education, and outreach.
The estimated cost of completing the ShakeAlert infrastructure and sensor networks is \\$39.4 million and has an estimated annual operation and maintenance cost of \\$28.6 million per year. Building a highly reliable data telemetry infrastructure would cost another \\$20.5 million and operating this telemetry system would add \\$49.8 million per year; however, these costs could be reduced if project partners provide bandwidth on existing systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181155","usgsCitation":"Given, D.D., Allen, R.M., Baltay, A.S., Bodin, P., Cochran, E.S., Creager, K., de Groot, R.M., Gee, L.S., Hauksson, E., Heaton, T.H., Hellweg, M., Murray, J.R., Thomas, V.I., Toomey, D., and Yelin, T.S., 2018, Revised technical implementation plan for the ShakeAlert system—An earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1155, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181155. 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\"}}]}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center-Pasadena Field Office
U.S. Geological Survey
525 South Wilson Ave.
Pasadena, CA 91106-3212
To improve ability to detect white sharks without the need for tags, or visual census, we developed a species-specific environmental DNA (eDNA) assay that targets a 163 bp fragment of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) mitochondrial cytochrome B gene on a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) platform. We used this marker to detect white shark DNA in 250 ml water samples taken from across two sites in Santa Barbara, California (United States) frequented by juvenile white sharks. We did not detect white shark DNA in samples from two neighboring sites where sharks are presumably absent, suggesting that eDNA can indicate nearby white sharks. This marker development, testing, and opportunistic application in a region with known distributions of white sharks indicates that eDNA could be developed further to monitor white sharks, thereby informing conservation planning and public safety. With the potential increase in white shark populations due to decades of protection, there is a need for fishery independent methods for assessing white shark distributions, and eDNA may provide an ideal, non-intrusive tool for coastal assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2018.00355","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., Benesh, K.C., Mahon, A.R., Jerde, C.L., and Lowe, C.G., 2018, Detecting southern California’s white sharks with environmental DNA: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 5, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00355.","productDescription":"Article 355; 6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-097108","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00355","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.28106689453125,\n 34.279914398549934\n ],\n [\n -119.36645507812499,\n 34.279914398549934\n ],\n [\n -119.36645507812499,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -120.28106689453125,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -120.28106689453125,\n 34.279914398549934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a92fe4b034bf6a7e5062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benesh, Kasey C.","contributorId":210299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benesh","given":"Kasey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13588,"text":"Central Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahon, Andrew R.","contributorId":210300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahon","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13588,"text":"Central Michigan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jerde, Christopher L. 0000-0002-8074-3466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-3466","contributorId":210301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jerde","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16936,"text":"University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Christopher G.","contributorId":210302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34411,"text":"California State University Long Beach","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198896,"text":"ofr20181125 - 2018 - Hydrologic characteristics and water quality of headwater streams and wetlands at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, 2014–16","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T13:17:44","indexId":"ofr20181125","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-02T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1125","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Characteristics and Water Quality of Headwater Streams and Wetlands at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit Area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania,The Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO) in Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, protects historic features of the first railroad portage over the Allegheny Front and the first railroad tunnel in the United States. This report, which was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service, summarizes water resources in the headwaters of the Blair Gap Run and Bradley Run watersheds at the ALPO Summit area during 2014–16. These new baseline data fill an existing gap in knowledge and may be helpful to evaluate potential changes in the hydrologic characteristics of streams and associated wetlands at the Summit area.
Results of synoptic water-quality surveys and continuous stage records at two streamgages near the headwaters of Blair Gap Run and Bradley Run indicate that the headwater streams of the ALPO Summit area are perennial but have different water-quality characteristics. The water sampled in the headwaters of Blair Gap Run had pH that ranged from acidic to near neutral, combined with elevated concentrations of dissolved solids, mainly sulfate, chloride, and sodium. These characteristics can be attributed to drainage from legacy coal mines and runoff from nearby roads treated with deicing salt. More than once during the study, the chloride and associated contaminant concentrations in tributaries of Blair Gap Run exceeded chronic thresholds for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms. In contrast, the water quality at tributaries of Bradley Run in the Summit area was characterized by near-neutral pH and relatively low concentrations of dissolved constituents, which met criteria for protection of freshwater aquatic life. By comparison, the deep groundwater discharged as abandoned mine drainage to Sugar Run from the Argyle Stone Bridge Mine, which underlies the Summit area, had acidic pH and elevated concentrations of sulfate and metals, which exceeded chronic and acute thresholds for aquatic life.
Data on shallow groundwater levels in piezometers at two wetlands in the Summit area, which were monitored during spring through fall of 2016, indicate downward hydraulic gradients (higher water level in shallow piezometer than in deeper piezometer) and potential for local groundwater recharge during rainfall events, particularly in the summer and fall seasons. The wetlands in the upland area (wetland 3, at altitude 2,370 feet NAVD 88) near the divide between Blair Gap Run and Bradley Run between the Lemon House and Picnic Area, exhibited a consistent downward gradient from spring through fall of 2016. The associated surface seepage at wetland 3 dried up in the summer of 2016. In contrast, the wetlands in the adjoining valley (wetland 6, at altitude 2,198 feet NAVD 88) in the northwestern Summit area exhibited upward hydraulic gradients in the spring and produced continuous seepage. Despite downward gradients during summer and fall, the seepage associated with wetland 6 sustained perennial conditions in the Bradley Run drainage through the summer of 2016.
Differences in groundwater altitudes and associated water quality among the surface water, shallow groundwater, and deep groundwater in the Summit area imply that the surface water and shallow groundwater in the Summit area could recharge the groundwater of the underlying coal mines. Seasonally upward and downward vertical gradients in the near-surface soil and bedrock at wetland 6, and unimpaired water quality in the Bradley Run headwaters, are consistent with a perched water table and local hydrology that is influenced by local recharge. Persistent downward gradients and impaired water quality at wetland 3 and the adjacent headwaters seeps and tributaries of Blair Gap Run could be attributed to subsidence and drainage from shallow coalbeds (Upper Freeport, seam E) and associated mine workings in that area; however, the underlying deep coal mine pool (Lower Kittanning, seam B), which is hundreds of feet below the surface, does not appear to affect the hydrologic characteristics of the headwater streams and wetlands in the Summit area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., III, Galeone, D.G., and Penrod, K.A., 2018, Hydrologic characteristics and water quality of headwater streams and wetlands at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, 2014–16 (ver. 1.1, December 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1125, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181125.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; Table; Appendix; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098767","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":357981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/ofr20181125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1125"},{"id":357982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/ofr20181125_appendixes.xlsx","size":"1.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":357984,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YWMMHG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrologic data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit Area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, April 2014-December 2016"},{"id":357983,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/ofr20181125_tables.xlsx","size":"1.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":360331,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Blair County, Cambria County","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.56268,\n 40.45209\n ],\n [\n -78.5237,\n 40.45209\n ],\n [\n -78.5237,\n 40.47688\n ],\n [\n -78.56268,\n 40.47688\n ],\n [\n -78.56268,\n 40.45209\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: December 2018; Version 1.0: October 2018","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Characterizing rotational motions from earthquakes at local distances has the potential to improve earthquake engineering and seismic gradiometry by better characterizing the complete seismic wavefield. Applied Technology Associates (ATA) has developed a proto‐seismic magnetohydrodynamic (SMHD) three‐component rotational rate sensor. We deploy two ATA rotational rate sensors at a temporary aftershock station in Waynoka, Oklahoma. From 27 April to 6 June 2017, we recorded the translational and rotational motions of 155 earthquakes of ML≥2.0 within 220 km of the station. Using the recorded events, we compare peak ground rotation rate ( PGω˙ ) with peak ground velocity (PGV) and with peak ground acceleration (PGA). Our results support previously identified potential relationships between the two quantities. We also compare peak ground rotations ( PGω ) as a function of seismic moment and distance. We found that PGω˙ decays with an exponent of approximately −4.0km−1 for both horizontal and vertical components. On the other hand, PGA decays with an exponent of approximately −1.8km−1 for all components. We compute apparent phase velocity directly from the rotational data for both horizontally polarized shear waves (SH; 379m/s with a standard deviation of 114m/s ) and vertically polarized compression and shear waves (P‐SV; 387m/s with a standard deviation of 121m/s ). Finally, by comparing various rotational and translational components, we look at potential implications for estimating local event source parameters. We found that the absolute correlation of nearby earthquakes decays at a rate of approximately 0.39/km for rotational sensors. This decay rate of absolute correlation is faster on translational sensors with a decay rate of 0.44/km. The latter may help in identifying phenomena such as repeating earthquakes by using differences in correlations as a function of distance and how these differences compare with translational correlations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120170347","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Anthony, R.E., Wilson, D.C., Holland, A., and Lin, C., 2018, Observations of rotational motions from local earthquakes using two temporary portable sensors in Waynoka, Oklahoma: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 108, no. 6, p. 3562-3575, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170347.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3562","endPage":"3575","ipdsId":"IP-092094","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Waynoka","volume":"108","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd146fe4b0815414ca38fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holland, A.A.","contributorId":140381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lin, C.-J.","contributorId":198564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"C.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227674,"text":"70227674 - 2018 - Heterogeneity of a landscape influences size of home range in a North American cervid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T17:03:05.85232","indexId":"70227674","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-02T10:59:12","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterogeneity of a landscape influences size of home range in a North American cervid","docAbstract":"In the northeastern United States, chronic wasting disease has recently been detected in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations, and understanding the relationship between landscape configuration and home range may improve disease surveillance and containment efforts. The objectives of our study were to compare size of home range for deer occupying a continuum of forested landscapes and to investigate relationships between size of home range and measures of landscape configuration. We used a movement-based kernel density estimator to estimate home range at five spatial scales among deer across study areas. We developed 7 linear regression models that used measures of the configuration of the forested landscape to explain size of home range. We observed differences in size of home range between sexes among areas that differed based on landscape configuration. We documented size of home range changed with various metrics that identifying connectivity of forested patches. Generally, size of home range increased with an increasing proportion of homogenous forest. Our results suggest that deer in our region occupy a landscape at hierarchically-nested scales that is controlled by the connectivity of the forested landscape across local or broad geographical regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-32937-7","usgsCitation":"Walter, W., Evans, T., Stainbrook, D., Wallingford, B.D., Rosenberry, C., and Diefenbach, D.R., 2018, Heterogeneity of a landscape influences size of home range in a North American cervid: Scientific Reports, v. 8, 14667, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32937-7.","productDescription":"14667, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-061612","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32937-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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David 0000-0003-3068-1073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":219540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W. David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Tyler S.","contributorId":272187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Tyler S.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stainbrook, David","contributorId":272188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stainbrook","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallingford, Bret D.","contributorId":272189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallingford","given":"Bret","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":272190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229335,"text":"70229335 - 2018 - Is ungulate migration culturally transmitted? Evidence of social learning from translocated animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-03T23:24:32.028861","indexId":"70229335","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T17:08:50","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is ungulate migration culturally transmitted? Evidence of social learning from translocated animals","docAbstract":"Ungulate migrations are assumed to stem from learning and cultural transmission of information regarding seasonal distribution of forage, but this hypothesis has not been tested empirically. We compared the migratory propensities of bighorn sheep and moose translocated into novel habitats with those of historical populations that had persisted for hundreds of years. Whereas individuals from historical populations were largely migratory, translocated individuals initially were not. After multiple decades, however, translocated populations gained knowledge about surfing green waves of forage (tracking plant phenology) and increased their propensity to migrate. Our findings indicate that learning and cultural transmission are the primary mechanisms by which ungulate migrations evolve. Loss of migration will therefore expunge generations of knowledge about the locations of high-quality forage and likely suppress population abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.aat0985","usgsCitation":"Monteith, K., Miyasaki, H.M., McWhirter, D.E., Hurley, M., Courtemanch, A., Beck, J.L., Aikens, E., Goheen, J., Merkle, J., Jesmer, B., and Kauffman, M., 2018, Is ungulate migration culturally transmitted? Evidence of social learning from translocated animals: Science, v. 36, no. 6406, p. 1023-1025, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat0985.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1023","endPage":"1025","ipdsId":"IP-095355","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, 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(CLASP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T16:34:59.593138","indexId":"70202620","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T16:03:35","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Climate Assessments and Scenario Planning (CLASP)","docAbstract":"This article highlights current research into land and water resources, agroecosystems, and agricultural production systems published by the Natural Resources and Environmental Systems (NRES) community of ASABE journals (Transactions of the ASABE and Applied Engineering in Agriculture) in 2017. This article reviews the context, scope, and key results of the published articles and perhaps more importantly recommends areas for increased research attention. Experimental and modeling advances were described in hydrology, agroecosystems, climate-change effects, soil erosion, irrigation, drainage, forest resources, livestock systems, natural treatment systems, international water issues, and water quality topic areas. Three special collections were published (International Watershed Technology, Crop Modeling to Optimize Water Use, and Advances in Drainage). Other focal areas included 14 articles relating to livestock waste management, 13 concerning irrigated agricultural systems, 8 addressing climate change effects on land and water resources, and 16 on various aspects of soil erosion measurement and modeling. Building on the articles reviewed from 2017 and toward a vision of future agroecosystems research, the NRES community of ASABE journals strives to grow its role in making new knowledge accessible to sustain agricultural and natural systems in a changing world. In this vane, recommendations for future research direction are discussed with an emphasis on increased application of remote sensing data to agroecosystems research, improved assessment of agroecosystem resiliency and vulnerability to land and climate change, development of integrated models of agroecosystem services, meeting stubborn water management challenges in agricultural production systems, and focusing on publishing fully reproducible model results.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)","doi":"10.13031/trans.12821","usgsCitation":"Douglas-Mankin, K.R., 2018, Current research in land, water, and agroecosystems: ASABE journals 2017 year in review: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 61, no. 5, p. 1639-1651, https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12821.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1651","ipdsId":"IP-095123","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12821","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f80e4b0fc368eb53867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas-Mankin, Kyle R. 0000-0002-3155-3666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-3666","contributorId":203927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas-Mankin","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70201892,"text":"70201892 - 2018 - Examining the relationship between portable luminescence reader measurements and depositional ages of paleowetland sediments, Las Vegas Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T15:23:47","indexId":"70201892","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T15:23:40","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3216,"text":"Quaternary Geochronology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining the relationship between portable luminescence reader measurements and depositional ages of paleowetland sediments, Las Vegas Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"Portable luminescence readers are exciting new tools that have the potential to rapidly determine the age structure of late Quaternary stratigraphic columns. This is important because high-resolution age profiling can reveal details about the temporal dynamics of climate cause and ecosystem effect, often while researchers are still in the field. In this paper, we compare new portable luminescence reader measurements of total photon counts with a suite of robust, highly resolved ages from middle to late Pleistocene-age paleowetland deposits in the Las Vegas Valley of southern Nevada. Our results show that total photon counts correlate with age, with a quadratic equation providing the best fit to the data. Significant scatter is present in the data, which is likely the result of dose rate variations, multiple sediment sources, and transport mechanisms that include both eolian and fluvial processes. The observed scatter can be reduced significantly using a simple pretreatment procedure involving a 250 μm sieve and neodymium hand magnet to normalize particle sizes and remove magnetic grains. Following this treatment, age estimates based on the reader measurements have an average error of 30 ± 18% when compared against known ages. These findings confirm that portable reader measurements scale with age in paleowetland deposits, allowing its use in establishing rapid, albeit approximate, chronologies for these deposits throughout the American Southwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quageo.2018.07.006","usgsCitation":"Gray, H., Mahan, S.A., Springer, K.B., and Pigati, J.S., 2018, Examining the relationship between portable luminescence reader measurements and depositional ages of paleowetland sediments, Las Vegas Valley, Nevada: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 48, p. 80-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2018.07.006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"90","ipdsId":"IP-096744","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2018.07.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.42,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -115.14,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -115.14,\n 36.45\n ],\n [\n -115.42,\n 36.45\n ],\n [\n -115.42,\n 36.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Harrison J. 0000-0002-4555-7473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7473","contributorId":207019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Harrison J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Springer, Kathleen B. 0000-0002-2404-0264 kspringer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-0264","contributorId":149826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Kathleen","email":"kspringer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-1615-2928 jpigati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-2928","contributorId":212247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202685,"text":"70202685 - 2018 - Conserving all the pollinators: Variation in probability of pollen transport among insect taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T09:38:37","indexId":"70202685","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T15:19:19","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conserving all the pollinators: Variation in probability of pollen transport among insect taxa","docAbstract":"As concern about declining pollinator populations mounts, it is important to understand the range of insect taxa that provide pollination services. We use pollen transport information acquired over three years in two habitats at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA, to compare probabilities of pollen transport among insect taxa and between sexes of bees. Sampling was conducted on 1-ha plots, eight in sparse vegetation (May–October samples; N = 74 surveys) and 12 in wheatgrass prairie vegetation (June–July samples; N = 87 surveys). Insects contacting reproductive parts of flowers were netted, placed individually into tubes charged with ethyl acetate, then transferred to individual labeled glassine envelopes for transport to the lab. Pollen was removed from insect bodies with fuchsin jelly cubes which were then mounted on microscope slides for identification. The probability of taxa transporting only conspecific pollen (with respect to the plant species upon which it was collected), mixed pollen, only non-conspecific, or no pollen was estimated with multinomial logistic regression. Bees were the most commonly captured flower visitor and carried by far the most pollen (females >10× as much as males), but they were most likely to carry mixed pollen loads. Flies, beetles, and wasps were also common flower visitors and beetles were most likely to carry only conspecific pollen. Ants and diurnal lepidopterans were unlikely to carry any pollen. Bees, beetles, flies, and wasps varied in the timing and habitat in which they were most likely to transport pollen, suggesting that all played a role in providing robust pollination services.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Journal","doi":"10.3375/043.038.0508","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., Larson, J.L., and Buhl, D.A., 2018, Conserving all the pollinators: Variation in probability of pollen transport among insect taxa: Natural Areas Journal, v. 38, no. 5, p. 393-401, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.038.0508.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-090672","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.1121826171875,\n 43.15710884095329\n ],\n [\n -101.6510009765625,\n 43.15710884095329\n ],\n [\n -101.6510009765625,\n 43.76315996157264\n ],\n [\n -103.1121826171875,\n 43.76315996157264\n ],\n [\n -103.1121826171875,\n 43.15710884095329\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Jennifer L.","contributorId":178444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":146226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200493,"text":"70200493 - 2018 - Identifying major avalanche years from a regional tree-ring based avalanche chronology for the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:30:56","indexId":"70200493","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T15:14:27","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying major avalanche years from a regional tree-ring based avalanche chronology for the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Avalanches not only pose a major hazard to people and infrastructure, but also act as an important ecological disturbance. In many mountainous regions in North America, including areas with existing transportation corridors, reliable and consistent avalanche records are sparse or non-existent. Thus, inferring long-term avalanche patterns and associated contributory climate and weather factors requires the use of dendrochronological methods...
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2018 International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"October 8-12, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Innsbruck, Austria","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Fagre, D.B., Pederson, G.T., Hendrikx, J., Birkeland, K.W., and Stahle, D.K., 2018, Identifying major avalanche years from a regional tree-ring based avalanche chronology for the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains, in Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop, Innsbruck, Austria, October 8-12, 2018, p. 431-435.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"435","ipdsId":"IP-100776","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358593,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/objects/ISSW2018_O05.6.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a930e4b034bf6a7e5066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendrikx, Jordy","contributorId":166967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrikx","given":"Jordy","affiliations":[{"id":13628,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 173480, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. 59717.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birkeland, Karl W.","contributorId":209943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birkeland","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":38033,"text":"U.S.D.A. Forest Service National Avalanche Center, Bozeman, Montana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stahle, Daniel K.","contributorId":210004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahle","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201451,"text":"70201451 - 2018 - Examination of differences between three SPT-based seismic soil liquefaction triggering relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T15:10:07","indexId":"70201451","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T15:09:57","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examination of differences between three SPT-based seismic soil liquefaction triggering relationships","docAbstract":"The preceding companion paper presented the updating of the seismic soil liquefactiontriggering relationship of Cetin et al. [1], and compared the resulting updated relationship with the earlier version. In this second paper, a detailed cross-comparison is made between three triggering relationships: (1) Seed et al. [2], as slightly updated by the NCEER Working Group (Youd et al. [3]), (2) Boulanger and Idriss [4], and (3) Cetin et al. [5]. Differences between these three triggering relationships, and the apparent causes of them are examined. Also studied are the impacts of these differences on levels of conservatism with regard to evaluation of liquefaction triggering hazard, and the resulting risks for engineering projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.03.013","usgsCitation":"Cetin, K., Seed, R.B., Kayen, R.E., Moss, R.E., Bilge, H.T., Ilgac, M., and Chowdhury, K., 2018, Examination of differences between three SPT-based seismic soil liquefaction triggering relationships: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 113, p. 75-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.03.013.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-084177","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/44298","text":"External Repository"},{"id":360259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c137dd4e4b006c4f8514895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cetin, K. Onder","contributorId":211460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cetin","given":"K. Onder","affiliations":[{"id":38250,"text":"Middle East Technical Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seed, Raymond B.","contributorId":211461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seed","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":754129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, Robb E. S.","contributorId":211466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moss","given":"Robb","email":"","middleInitial":"E. S.","affiliations":[{"id":38253,"text":"California Polytechnic State Univ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bilge, H. Tolga","contributorId":189416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilge","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Tolga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ilgac, Makbule","contributorId":211464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ilgac","given":"Makbule","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38252,"text":"Middle East Technical Univ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chowdhury, Khaled","contributorId":211465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chowdhury","given":"Khaled","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33781,"text":"U.C. Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70199863,"text":"70199863 - 2018 - Wetland stratigraphic evidence for variable megathrust earthquake rupture modes at the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T14:56:14","indexId":"70199863","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T14:56:08","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Wetland stratigraphic evidence for variable megathrust earthquake rupture modes at the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"Although widespread agreement that the Cascadia subduction zone produces great earthquakes of magnitude 8 to 9 was reached decades ago, debate continues about the rupture lengths, magnitudes, and frequency of megathrust earthquakes recorded by wetland stratigraphy fringing Cascadia’s estuaries. Correlation of such coastal earthquake evidence along the subduction zone has largely relied on relative position in a stratigraphic sequence and maximum-limiting 14C ages with errors of decades to hundreds of years. Offshore, a 10,000-year record of turbidites in marine cores is interpreted as an archive of strong shaking from great earthquakes, with an average frequency of about 500 years in northern Cascadia versus 200-300 years in southern Oregon and northern California. Onshore, fewer events marked by sharp (<3 mm) peat-mud (mud-over-peat) contacts in tidal wetland stratigraphic sequences have been widely inferred to record sudden relative sea-level rise due to coseismic subsidence during megathrust earthquakes: 4-7 sharp subsidence contacts in 3500 years at estuaries in northern Oregon and southern Washington (500-800 year average recurrence), and 9-12 sharp subsidence contacts in over 6000 years in sequences in central and southern Oregon (500-900 year average recurrence). Improved understanding of the onshore and offshore records is critical to the assessment of earthquake hazard in western North America and of tsunami hazard in the Pacific basin. However, because dating the turbidite record is inherently much less precise than are age models for subsidence events in the most thoroughly studied tidal wetland sequences, accurate reconstruction of the times of Cascadia’s great earthquakes depends on the ages from the onshore record. \n\nAlthough methods to reduce uncertainty in the limits of resolution of tidal stratigraphy for recording earthquakes of a particular magnitude, and ways to distinguish earthquake subsidence stratigraphic contacts from non-seismic contacts, have been discussed for decades (e.g., Nelson, 1992; Atwater, 1992; Darienzo et al., 1994; Nelson et al., 1996a; Atwater and Hemphill-Haley, 1997; Witter et al., 2001; Kelsey et al., 2002; Nelson et al., 2006; Graehl et al., 2014; Milker et al., 2016), consensus about the threshold of resolution (minimum identifiable evidence of an earthquake) of tidal stratigraphy and, therefore, the completeness of Cascadia’s coastal record of great earthquakes, remains elusive. Although the most distinct, widespread contacts likely record close to a meter of coastal subsidence during the greatest megathrust earthquakes (e.g., M8.8-M9), other contacts may record <0.5 m of subsidence onshore of patches of low stress release on the megathrust during great earthquakes, during lesser megathrust earthquakes (e.g., M8.2-8.6), or from localized subsidence near upper-plate faults that slip during or independently of megathrust earthquakes (Nelson et al., 1996b; Wang et al., 2013; Kemp et al., 2018). \n\nAt the Siuslaw River estuary in central Oregon (lat. 43.97°) a stratigraphy of 9-12 peat-mud contacts, similar to those described from many Cascadia estuaries, may record a greater number of earthquakes during the past 2000 years than at any other of the tens of tidal wetland sites to the north and south. Here, as well as at many tens of other Cascadia tidal wetland sites, peat-mud contacts mark the tops of couplets of tidal flat and low marsh mud gradually shoaling upward into middle and high marsh peat. Along core transects across an 800-m-wide, island marsh in the Siuslaw River, we traced the 9 most continuous of 12-15 peaty beds dating from the past 2000 years for 250-500 m, but we had difficulty correlating the 3-6 intervening beds >50-100 m. We attribute the sharper, more extensive upper contacts on peaty beds—two capped by sandy beds probably deposited by tsunamis—to sudden coseismic subsidence of middle and high marshes, but origins for other upper and lower contacts boundi","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"IGCP Project 639: Sea-level change from minutes to millenia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Crossing southern Italy, a traveling meeting from Taranto to Siracusa, Italy ","conferenceDate":"September 17-21, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Italy","language":"English","publisher":"International Geological Correlation Programme","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.R., Witter, R., Englehart, S., Hawkers, A., and Horton, B.P., 2018, Wetland stratigraphic evidence for variable megathrust earthquake rupture modes at the Cascadia subduction zone, in IGCP Project 639: Sea-level change from minutes to millenia, Italy, September 17-21, 2018, p. 85-87.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-097633","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1470e4b0815414ca38fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Englehart, Simon","contributorId":208402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Englehart","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawkers, Andrea","contributorId":208403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkers","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37797,"text":"Univeristy of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":192807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199380,"text":"70199380 - 2018 - Development of a domestic earthquake alert protocol combining the USGS pager and FEMA Hazus systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T14:55:48","indexId":"70199380","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T14:55:42","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a domestic earthquake alert protocol combining the USGS pager and FEMA Hazus systems","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s PAGER automated alert system provides rapid (10-20 min) loss estimates in terms of ranges of fatalities and economic impact for all significant earthquakes around the globe. In contrast, FEMA’s Hazus software, which is currently operated manually by FEMA personnel internally within several hours of any large domestic earthquake, provides more detailed loss information quantified in terms of physical damage to the building stock, as well as a broad range of social and economic consequences estimated at a much higher spatial resolution (census-tract level). Hazus was originally designed for FEMA’s mitigation planning, but has been used of late for post-earthquake situational awareness. While the quick alerts generated automatically by the PAGER system are a suitable way to initially identify consequences for earthquakes, there remains a need to provide detailed loss information for facilitating a wider array of post-earthquake decisions among emergency managers. As such, we have developed a prototype summary product that takes advantage of the benefits of both these loss models for significant domestic earthquakes. The signature product, a new twoPAGER report, will serve as a supplement to the widely deployed standard onePAGER product for all significant domestic earthquakes. Page one is the standard, automated PAGER alert content, with summary alert levels for overall fatality and economic loss estimates, as well as summary content on recent earthquakes, structure vulnerability, and historical secondary hazards. As soon as the Hazus run using the most up-to-date version of the USGS ShakeMap is completed and reviewed by both agencies, the second alert page will be generated and delivered via the USGS website as an update. This second page will contain a summary of the more comprehensive Hazus model results, including spatially distributed estimates of: affected population, economic impact, non-fatal injuries, displaced households, and damage to structures (including potential building safety evaluation requirements). This enhancement does not affect the timeliness and the importance of the initial (onePAGER) alerting content for significant earthquakes; however, the twoPAGER report will provide more detailed, damage and loss/impact content for the Nation in the critical hours following a damaging earthquake.","conferenceTitle":"Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"June 25-29, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., Seligson, H., Rozelle, J., Burns, J., Marano, K., Jaiswal, K.S., Hearne, M., and Bausch, D., 2018, Development of a domestic earthquake alert protocol combining the USGS pager and FEMA Hazus systems, Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, June 25-29, 2018.","ipdsId":"IP-096749","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357359,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://11ncee.org"},{"id":359679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1470e4b0815414ca38fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seligson, H.A.","contributorId":207905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seligson","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37660,"text":"Seligson Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rozelle, Jesse","contributorId":195192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rozelle","given":"Jesse","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30786,"text":"FEMA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, J.","contributorId":207720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marano, Kristin 0000-0002-0420-2748 kmarano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-2748","contributorId":207906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marano","given":"Kristin","email":"kmarano@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor S. 0000-0002-5803-8007 kjaiswal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-8007","contributorId":149796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hearne, Mike 0000-0002-8225-2396 mhearne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-2396","contributorId":4659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"Mike","email":"mhearne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bausch, D","contributorId":195187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bausch","given":"D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70199378,"text":"70199378 - 2018 - Increasing earthquake insurance coverage in California via parametric hedges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T14:54:40","indexId":"70199378","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T14:54:33","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Increasing earthquake insurance coverage in California via parametric hedges","docAbstract":"California has the highest earthquake risk of any state in the United States. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reported in 2017 that 73% of the nation’s annual losses to earthquakes were expected to be concentrated in California and the Pacific Northwest. California alone constitutes 61% ($3.7 billion out of an estimated $6.1 billion annual losses nationwide). Despite this overwhelming accumulation of risk, recent estimates of earthquake insurance coverage rates in California range from 10% to 13%. Few small businesses have coverage. Throughout the last 20 years, a variety of financial mechanisms have been developed in the industry as viable alternatives to traditional earthquake indemnity insurance. We explore how parametric hedges, a type of financial derivative used in the reinsurance industry, can be extended to the local California market in order to provide an influx of cash quickly and transparently after an earthquake event. Examples of how these solutions can be tailored to needs ranging from the individual homeowner, to businesses, and to public entities are presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"June 25-29, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Franco, G., Tirabassi, G., Lopeman, M., Wald, D.J., and Siembieda, W., 2018, Increasing earthquake insurance coverage in California via parametric hedges, in Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, June 25-29, 2018.","ipdsId":"IP-096472","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357357,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://11ncee.org/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1471e4b0815414ca3900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franco, Guillermo","contributorId":194951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franco","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tirabassi, G","contributorId":207901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tirabassi","given":"G","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37656,"text":"Guy Carpenter & Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopeman, M","contributorId":207902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopeman","given":"M","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37657,"text":"Guy Carptener & Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siembieda, W.J.","contributorId":207903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siembieda","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[{"id":37658,"text":"California Polytechnic State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198736,"text":"70198736 - 2018 - Area-preserving simplification of polygon features","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T14:22:51.867391","indexId":"70198736","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T14:50:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Area-preserving simplification of polygon features","docAbstract":"Developing simplified representations of a two-dimensional polyline is an important problem in cartographic data analytics where datasets must be integrated across spatial resolutions. This problem is generally referred to as line simplification, and is increasingly driven by preservation of specific analytic properties such as positional accuracy and high-frequency detail. However, the distinction between linear features and polygon boundaries is rarely considered. Polygonal features differ fundamentally from linear features in that they represent areal regions covering a portion of the earth's surface. As such, they lend themselves naturally to the objective of preserving area across scale.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conference Proceedings, AutoCarto/UCGIS 2018","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The 22nd International Research Symposium on Computer-based Cartography and GIScience","conferenceDate":"May 22-24, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Madison, WI","language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society and the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science","usgsCitation":"Kronenfeld, B.J., Stanislawski, L.V., Brockmeyer, T., and Buttenfield, B.P., 2018, Area-preserving simplification of polygon features, in Conference Proceedings, AutoCarto/UCGIS 2018, Madison, WI, May 22-24, 2018, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096630","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1471e4b0815414ca3902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kronenfeld, Barry J. 0000-0002-9518-2462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-2462","contributorId":207104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kronenfeld","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5043,"text":"Eastern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanislawski, Larry V. 0000-0002-9437-0576 lstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-0576","contributorId":3386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislawski","given":"Larry","email":"lstan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brockmeyer, Tyler","contributorId":210089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockmeyer","given":"Tyler","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buttenfield, Barbara P. 0000-0001-5961-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-5809","contributorId":206887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buttenfield","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16144,"text":"University of Colorado-Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199838,"text":"70199838 - 2018 - Impacts of temporal revisit designs on the power to detect trend with a linear mixed model: An application to long-term monitoring of Sierra Nevada lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T14:36:32","indexId":"70199838","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T14:36:28","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of temporal revisit designs on the power to detect trend with a linear mixed model: An application to long-term monitoring of Sierra Nevada lakes","docAbstract":"Long-term ecological monitoring programs often use linear mixed models to estimate trend in an ecological indicator sampled across large landscapes. A linear mixed model is versatile for estimating a linear trend in time as well as components of spatial and temporal variationin the case of unbalanced data structures, which are common in complex monitoring designs where limited sampling effort must be optimized over time and space. A power analysis was used to inform a lake chemistry monitoring design, including selecting the most appropriate temporal revisit design. Pilot data from surveys of lakes across large wilderness national parks (Sequoia, Kings Canyon, and Yosemite national parks) were used to obtain variance components for a Monte Carlo power simulation. Using a linear mixed model for a range of temporal revisit designs, sample sizes, and trend magnitudes, we evaluated the power to detect trend, the trend test size, and the relative bias of trend coefficient estimates for four continuous and normally distributed indicators. Contrary to prior research based on large-sample approximations that identified a single panel of sites visited annually as the revisit design generating the highest power, we found that the power to detect a 12-year trend based on the Wald t-test from a linear mixed model may be optimized by obtaining unbalanced data sets with limited to no annual replication. We emphasize the importance of examining variance composition, sample size, and the power and size of the trend test with Monte Carlo simulation when allocating sampling effort over time and space.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.087","usgsCitation":"Starcevich, L., Irvine, K.M., and Heard, A.M., 2018, Impacts of temporal revisit designs on the power to detect trend with a linear mixed model: An application to long-term monitoring of Sierra Nevada lakes: Ecological Indicators, v. 93, p. 847-855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.087.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"855","ipdsId":"IP-066434","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f80e4b0fc368eb53869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starcevich, Leigh Ann H.","contributorId":208351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starcevich","given":"Leigh Ann H.","affiliations":[{"id":37787,"text":"WEST, Inc., 456 SW Monroe Ave. Suite 106, Corvallis, OR 97333","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heard, Andrea M.","contributorId":208352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heard","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37788,"text":"Sierra Nevada Network, National Park Service, 47050 Generals Hwy, Three Rivers, CA 93271","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199379,"text":"70199379 - 2018 - State transportation agencies partner to deploy and enhance ShakeCast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T14:29:14","indexId":"70199379","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T14:29:08","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"State transportation agencies partner to deploy and enhance ShakeCast","docAbstract":"The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) is organizing and leading a three-year Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) project, Connecting the Dots: Implementing ShakeCast Across Multiple State Departments of Transportation for Rapid Post-Earthquake Response. Ten state Departments of Transportation (DOT)—CA, ID, MO, MS, OK, OR, SC, TX, UT, AND WA—have partnered and combined research funds to pursue implementation and advancement of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) ShakeCast system. ShakeCast is a software application that automatically retrieves ShakeMap shaking estimates and performs analyses using fragility functions for bridges, buildings, and other structures. The ShakeCast system identifies which facilities are most likely impacted by an earthquake and sends notifications to responders in the minutes after an earthquake. By focusing inspection efforts on the most damage-susceptible facilities in the severely shaken areas, ShakeCast can reduce response time and priorities for bridge inspections in the aftermath of a significant earthquake. The goal of the TPF project is to establish or enhance operational ShakeCast instances for all the partner DOTs, while advancing transportation-focused aspects of the software platform. DOTs are uniquely able to take advantage of the ShakeCast technology in that bridge fragilities can be readily derived from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI). DOTs also share the need for prioritized response strategies given their very large numbers of facilities—over wide areas—that have varying vulnerabilities, many of which could potentially be affected by earthquake shaking. The ten-state TPF project will also explore opportunities for DOT-specific ShakeCast software modifications, for example, for enhanced neighboring-state situational awareness and response coordination as well as for long-term maintenance and operations of their ShakeCast systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"JUne 25-29, 2018","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","language":"English","publisher":"EERI","usgsCitation":"Turner, L., Wald, D.J., Lin, K., Chiou, B., and Slosky, D., 2018, State transportation agencies partner to deploy and enhance ShakeCast, in Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, JUne 25-29, 2018.","ipdsId":"IP-096580","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357358,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.eeri.org/products-page/national-conference-on-earthquake-engineering/11th-u-s-national-conference-on-earthquake-engineering-integrating-science-engineering-and-policy-proceedings-thumb-drive-windows-only/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1471e4b0815414ca3904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, L.","contributorId":194953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, Kuo-wan 0000-0002-7520-8151 klin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-8151","contributorId":1539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-wan","email":"klin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chiou, Brian","contributorId":139219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiou","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slosky, Daniel","contributorId":207904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slosky","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":37659,"text":"Synergetics","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199834,"text":"70199834 - 2018 - Multidirectional abundance shifts among North American birds and the relative influence of multifaceted climate factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T14:24:15","indexId":"70199834","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T14:24:12","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidirectional abundance shifts among North American birds and the relative influence of multifaceted climate factors","docAbstract":"Shifts in species distributions are major fingerprint of climate change. Examining changes in species abundance structures at a continental scale enables robust evaluation of climate change influences, but few studies have conducted these evaluations due to limited data and methodological constraints. In this study, we estimate temporal changes in abundance from North American Breeding Bird Survey data at the scale of physiographic strata to examine the relative influence of different components of climatic factors and evaluate the hypothesis that shifting species distributions are multidirectional in resident bird species in North America. We quantify the direction and velocity of the abundance shifts of 57 permanent resident birds over 44 years using a centroid analysis. For species with significant abundance shifts in the centroid analysis, we conduct a more intensive correlative analysis to identify climate components most strongly associated with composite change of abundance within strata. Our analysis focus on two contrasts: the relative importance of climate extremes vs. averages, and of temperature vs. precipitation in strength of association with abundance change. Our study shows that 36 species had significant abundance shifts over the study period. The average velocity of the centroid is 5.89 km·yr−1. The shifted distance on average covers 259 km, 9% of range extent. Our results strongly suggest that the climate change fingerprint in studied avian distributions is multidirectional. Among 6 directions with significant abundance shifts, the northwestward shift was observed in the largest number of species (n = 13). The temperature/average climate model consistently has greater predictive ability than the precipitation/extreme climate model in explaining strata‐level abundance change. Our study shows heterogeneous avian responses to recent environmental changes. It highlights needs for more species‐specific approaches to examine contributing factors to recent distributional changes and for comprehensive conservation planning for climate change adaptation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13683","usgsCitation":"Huang, Q., Sauer, J.R., and Dubayah, R.O., 2018, Multidirectional abundance shifts among North American birds and the relative influence of multifaceted climate factors: Global Change Biology, v. 23, no. 9, p. 3610-3622, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13683.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3610","endPage":"3622","ipdsId":"IP-083977","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f81e4b0fc368eb5386b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Qiongyu","contributorId":208347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Qiongyu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37784,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubayah, Ralph O.","contributorId":208348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubayah","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}