The composition of surficial salts formed near dry and drying saline lakes are partly the product of processes active in the unsaturated zone between the ground surface and the water table. These processes were investigated by determining the abundance of water-extractable solutes in sediment from the ground surface to the water table (~2.8 m) beneath Franklin Lake playa, California. Accumulation of solutes in the sediment is attributed to evaporation of aqueous solutions transported upward from the water table through the capillary fringe to an evaporation font that is currently 20-30 cm below the ground surface. Salts in the sediment from 0 to 20 cm depth are depleted in chloride and enriched in carbonate relative to deeper samples. Chloride depletion is most likely a product of selective dissolution by vertical recharge. The entire unsaturated zone contains greater amounts of carbonate than expected for evaporation of ground water and is best explained by preferential dissolution of more soluble salts in recharging precipitation but may also reflect the assimilation of CO2 as carbonate minerals precipitate. Variations in the concentrations of arsenic, molybdenum, tungsten, and uranium in the water-soluble fraction of the sediment are complex and suggest unique geochemical controls on the abundance of each element. The distribution of these trace element abundances indicates the arsenic is the element most likely to accumulate in near-surface salts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Quinney Natural Resources Research Library","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., Goldstein, H.L., Reynolds, R.L., and Yount, J., 2009, Distribution of major anions and trace elements in the unsaturated zone at Franklin Lake Playa, California, USA: Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, v. 15, 17, 12 p.","productDescription":"17, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei/vol15/iss1/17"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Franklin Lake Playa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.37611389160155,\n 36.21824109074759\n ],\n [\n -116.36924743652344,\n 36.23153515782462\n ],\n [\n -116.34109497070311,\n 36.240950421445\n ],\n [\n -116.35276794433594,\n 36.28358182588409\n ],\n [\n -116.3568878173828,\n 36.3106987841827\n ],\n [\n -116.39053344726561,\n 36.29907838489536\n ],\n [\n -116.39877319335938,\n 36.24759580717711\n ],\n [\n -116.38847351074217,\n 36.22322663069841\n ],\n [\n -116.37611389160155,\n 36.21824109074759\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yount, James C.","contributorId":61818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190220,"text":"70190220 - 2009 - Zoogeography, conservation, and ecology of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the Upper Monongehela River drainage, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T13:29:34.428219","indexId":"70190220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T10:16:53","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5132,"text":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zoogeography, conservation, and ecology of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the Upper Monongehela River drainage, West Virginia","docAbstract":"During summer 2008, we studied the geographic distribution and conservation status of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the upper Monongahela River drainage. Stream sites (n = 73) were selected with a probabilistic sampling design, whereas one reservoir (Cheat Lake) and seven terrestrial sites for burrowing crayfishes were selected non-randomly. Stream crayfishes were seined or hand-collected following standardized protocols, and physical habitat and physiochemical water quality parameters were recorded at each site. Cambarus b. bartonii, C. carinirostris, and Orconectes obscurus were initially documented within the Cheat River basin in 1956. Surveys conducted in the late 1980s documented the presence of C. carinirostris, C. dubius, C. monongalensis, and O. obscurus. Our data on crayfish distributions from 2008 are consistent with those of the late 1980s. Survey data from 1956, however, indicated depauperate populations of Cambarus throughout the basin during a time period of basin-wide habitat and water quality degradation. Currently, C. carinirostris is abundant throughout the Cheat River system, except in areas with low pH and elevated conductivity. Orconectes obscurus populations within the Cheat River basin are stable and occur primarily in higher stream orders. Future astacological efforts in the Cheat River basin, however, are needed to define the distribution of the basins two burrowing species, C. dubius and C. monongalensis.
","language":"English","publisher":"West Virginia Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., 2009, Zoogeography, conservation, and ecology of crayfishes within the Cheat River basin of the Upper Monongehela River drainage, West Virginia: Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science, v. 81, no. 2, p. 25-40.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-023056","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":382953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pwvas.org/index.php/pwvas/issue/view/95"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Vigninia","otherGeospatial":"Cheat River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.89944458007812,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -79.58633422851562,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -79.58633422851562,\n 39.72197606377427\n ],\n [\n -79.89944458007812,\n 39.72197606377427\n ],\n [\n -79.89944458007812,\n 39.41922073655956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227368,"text":"70227368 - 2009 - Distribution and habitat associations of radio-tagged adult Lost River suckers and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T16:04:54.064552","indexId":"70227368","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T09:54:59","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and habitat associations of radio-tagged adult Lost River suckers and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Radiotelemetry was used to investigate the summer distribution and diel habitat associations of endangered adult Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris in northern Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. From 2002 to 2004, Lost River and shortnose suckers were tracked by boat, and water depth and water quality were measured at each fish location. A series of water quality monitors were deployed in northern Upper Klamath Lake to provide temporal information on ambient temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, and water samples were collected to assess chlorophyll a concentration. Suckers moved into northern Upper Klamath Lake during June and began to leave in late September each year. Kernel density estimates revealed differences in the distribution in the northern portion of Upper Klamath Lake in 2002 and 2004. In 2003, however, both Lost River and shortnose suckers were commonly located within and offshore from Pelican Bay, a shallow (1.0-2.0 m), groundwater-influenced area of Upper Klamath Lake. This was especially obvious beginning in late July of 2003, concurrent with reduced dissolved oxygen levels (<4.0 mg/L) in the northern portion of Upper Klamath Lake that resulted from a die-off of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Both Lost River and shortnose suckers were generally associated with water depths greater than the mean depth (2.8 m) of northern Upper Klamath Lake. Evidence ratios did not suggest diel differences in depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, or pH at sucker locations. Both Lost River and shortnose suckers generally occupied depths greater than 2.0 m, except when suckers sought refuge in Pelican Bay during periods of poor water quality. Despite the potential for increased avian predation, suckers appeared to benefit from moving into Pelican Bay rather than staying in areas where dissolved oxygen was low. Pelican Bay appears to be an important refugium and thus may be important for sucker conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/T07-252.1","usgsCitation":"Banish, N.P., Adams, B.J., Shively, R.S., Mazur, M.M., Beauchamp, D.A., and Wood, T.M., 2009, Distribution and habitat associations of radio-tagged adult Lost River suckers and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 1, p. 153-168, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-252.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.09381103515624,\n 42.20614200929954\n ],\n [\n -121.8,\n 42.20614200929954\n ],\n [\n -121.8,\n 42.61678083779763\n ],\n [\n -122.09381103515624,\n 42.61678083779763\n ],\n [\n -122.09381103515624,\n 42.20614200929954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banish, Nolan P.","contributorId":168511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banish","given":"Nolan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":25313,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office, 1936 California Avenue, Klamath Falls, Oregon, 97601, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Barbara J.","contributorId":271056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, Rip S. rsshively@usgs.gov","contributorId":233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Rip","email":"rsshively@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazur, Michael M.","contributorId":15097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70226921,"text":"70226921 - 2009 - Discussion on remote sensing for aquatic monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T15:16:35.814809","indexId":"70226921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T09:11:12","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9957,"text":"PNAMP Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"chapter":"12","title":"Discussion on remote sensing for aquatic monitoring","docAbstract":"The special session on Remote Sensing for Aquatic Resource Monitoring concluded with an expert panel discussion. Panel members were Jennifer Bountry (hydraulic engineer, Bureau of Reclamation), Mimi D’Iorio (GIS analyst and database manager, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), Russ Faux (president, Watershed Sciences, Inc.), Steve Lanigan (team leader, Aquatic and Riparian Effectiveness Monitoring Program, U.S. Forest Service), and Amar Nayegandhi (computer scientist, Jacobs Technology, contracted to U.S. Geological Survey). The panel was moderated by Ralph Haugerud (geologist, U.S. Geological Survey) and there were significant contributions from the audience. The dialogue is summarized below in question and answer format. This summary is followed by discussion of what we learned in the course of the special session and identification of some next steps for the Pacific Northwest aquatic monitoring community.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"PNAMP special publication: Remote sensing applications for aquatic resource monitoring","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership in association with Puget Sound Region of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","collaboration":".","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R.A., 2009, Discussion on remote sensing for aquatic monitoring: PNAMP Special Publication, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"100","ipdsId":"IP-013019","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393179,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.pnamp.org/document/10344"},{"id":393191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":204669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217022,"text":"70217022 - 2009 - Distribution of Pasteurella Trehalosi genotypes isolated from Bighorn Sheep in Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-28T14:55:40.528271","indexId":"70217022","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T08:42:16","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2552,"text":"Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distribution of Pasteurella Trehalosi genotypes isolated from Bighorn Sheep in Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park","title":"Distribution of Pasteurella Trehalosi genotypes isolated from Bighorn Sheep in Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park","docAbstract":"We studied the distribution of Pasteurella trehalosi genotypes isolated from oropharyngeal tissues of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta, Canada and Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A separate radio-telemetry study indicated the bighorn metapopulation consisted of at least three neighborhoods of multiple ewe and ram social groups, with varying degrees of interchange among them. Genetic analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA from 25 P. trehalosi isolates revealed three major genotypes. Our predictions were that genetic relatedness would be greatest among organisms collected in the same neighborhood, and that those collected from adjacent neighborhoods would show greater relatedness than those from distant or isolated neighborhoods. Results did not fully support these predictions. Nonetheless, the spatial distribution of P. trehalosi genotypes did vary with the observed neighborhood structure. Two of three genotypes occurred throughout the study area, but the third was found only in Waterton Lakes National Park. Because P. trehalosi is believed to be transmitted only via direct contact between individual sheep, this suggests the north Glacier neighborhood was further partitioned into two subpopulations. Overall, our results show the utility of using DNA from pathogens to elucidate the spatial structure of host populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Idaho Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Ott, S.J., Dobbin, H.S., Keating, K., and Weisner, G.C., 2009, Distribution of Pasteurella Trehalosi genotypes isolated from Bighorn Sheep in Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park: Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science, v. 45, no. 2, p. 11-20.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Waterton Lakes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -113.7249755859375,\n 48.40367941865281\n ],\n [\n -113.5382080078125,\n 48.23565029755308\n ],\n [\n -113.236083984375,\n 48.43284538647477\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 48.84302835299516\n ],\n [\n -113.719482421875,\n 49.17811258315209\n ],\n [\n -113.9556884765625,\n 49.28214015975995\n ],\n [\n -114.1534423828125,\n 49.28572341105575\n ],\n [\n -114.1534423828125,\n 49.102645497788814\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 48.929717630629554\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 48.48748647988415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ott, Stephanie J.","contributorId":245897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ott","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dobbin, Heather S.","contributorId":245898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobbin","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keating, Kim A.","contributorId":20271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kim A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":807295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weisner, Glen C.","contributorId":245899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weisner","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190734,"text":"70190734 - 2009 - Mississippi River delta plain, Louisiana coast, and inner shelf Holocene geologic framework, processes, and resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T08:36:26","indexId":"70190734","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mississippi River delta plain, Louisiana coast, and inner shelf Holocene geologic framework, processes, and resources","docAbstract":"Extending nearly 400 km from Sabine Pass on the Texas-Louisiana border east to the Chandeleur Islands, the Louisiana coastal zone (Fig. 11.1) along the north-central Gulf of Mexico is the southern terminus of the largest drainage basin in North America (>3.3 million km2), which includes the Mississippi River delta plain where approximately 6.2 million kilograms per year of sediment is delivered to the Gulf of Mexico (Coleman 1988). The Mississippi River, active since at least Late Jurassic time (Mann and Thomas 1968), is the main distributary channel of this drainage system and during the Holocene has constructed one of the largest delta plains in the world, larger than 30,000 km2 (Coleman and Prior 1980; Coleman 1981; Coleman et al. 1998). The subsurface geology and geomorphology of the Louisiana coastal zone reffects a complex history of regional tectonic events and fluvial, deltaic, and marine sedimentary processes affected by large sea-level fluctuations. Despite the complex geology of the north-central Gulf basin, a long history of engineering studies and Scientific research investigations (see table 11.1) has led to substantial knowledge of the geologic framework and evolution of the delta plain region (see also Bird et al., chapter 1 in this volume).
Mississippi River delta plain, Louisiana coast, and inner shelf Holocene geologic framework, processes, and resources. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262802561_Mississippi_River_delta_plain_Louisiana_coast_and_inner_shelf_Holocene_geologic_framework_processes_and_resources [accessed Sep 13, 2017].
Methane gas hydrates, crystalline inclusion compounds formed from methane and water, are found in marine continental margin and permafrost sediments worldwide. This article reviews the current understanding of phenomena involved in gas hydrate formation and the physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments. Formation phenomena include pore‐scale habit, solubility, spatial variability, and host sediment aggregate properties. Physical properties include thermal properties, permeability, electrical conductivity and permittivity, small‐strain elastic P and S wave velocities, shear strength, and volume changes resulting from hydrate dissociation. The magnitudes and interdependencies of these properties are critically important for predicting and quantifying macroscale responses of hydrate‐bearing sediments to changes in mechanical, thermal, or chemical boundary conditions. These predictions are vital for mitigating borehole, local, and regional slope stability hazards; optimizing recovery techniques for extracting methane from hydrate‐bearing sediments or sequestering carbon dioxide in gas hydrate; and evaluating the role of gas hydrate in the global carbon cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008RG000279","usgsCitation":"Waite, W., Santamarina, J., Cortes, D., Dugan, B., Espinoza, D., Germaine, J., Jang, J., Jung, J., Kneafsey, T., Shin, H., Soga, K., Winters, W.J., and Yun, T., 2009, Physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 47, no. 4, RG4003; 38 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008RG000279.","productDescription":"RG4003; 38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-011259","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008rg000279","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b1571e5e4b092d9651e1e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santamarina, J.C.","contributorId":50283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cortes, D.D.","contributorId":9499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cortes","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dugan, Brandon","contributorId":10213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Espinoza, D.N.","contributorId":205280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espinoza","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Germaine, J.","contributorId":205281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Germaine","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jang, J.","contributorId":205282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jung, J.W.","contributorId":205283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kneafsey, T.J.","contributorId":40330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneafsey","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shin, H.","contributorId":203841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7108,"text":"Princeton Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Soga, K.","contributorId":205284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soga","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Yun, T.S.","contributorId":26141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70190381,"text":"70190381 - 2009 - Permafrost gas hydrates and climate change: Lake-based seep studies on the Alaskan north slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:13:27","indexId":"70190381","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permafrost gas hydrates and climate change: Lake-based seep studies on the Alaskan north slope","docAbstract":"The potential interactions between climate change and methane hydrate destabilization are among the most societally-relevant aspects of gas hydrates research. Massive dissociation of deep marine methane hydrates following rapid Earth warming is the most plausible explanation for carbon isotopic data that imply widespread release of microbial methane during the Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum (~55 million years ago), and massive methane hydrate degradation may have been associated with a major warming event in the Late Neoproterozoic as well. . On contemporary Earth, circumstantial evidence implies that permafrost-associated methane hydrate dissociation, possibly related to climate change, may be contributing to gas seeps in the MacKenzie Delta (Dallimore et al., 2008). Gas is also currently being released from shallow subseafloor hydrates in some areas, and transient bottom water temperature increases are sometimes known to be the destabilizing influence for these gas hydrates. Still, there is no direct evidence that gas hydrates are currently undergoing significant and systematic destabilization on contemporary Earth, that climate processes are responsible for driving any destabilization that may be occurring, or that methane released from dissociating hydrate is a substantial contributor to atmospheric methane concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Wooller, M., Ruppel, C.D., Pohlman, J., Leigh, M., Heintz, M., and Anthony, K., 2009, Permafrost gas hydrates and climate change: Lake-based seep studies on the Alaskan north slope: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 9, no. 3, p. 6-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-016330","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345238,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/MHNewsSummer09.pdf#page=6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352485,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"}],"country":"United 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jpohlman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","email":"jpohlman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leigh, M.B.","contributorId":195971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leigh","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heintz, M.","contributorId":195970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heintz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anthony, K. Walter","contributorId":195969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"K. Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70190244,"text":"70190244 - 2009 - Contaminants of emerging concern: Introduction to a featured collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:36:38","indexId":"70190244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants of emerging concern: Introduction to a featured collection","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00299.x","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., and Kolpin, D.W., 2009, Contaminants of emerging concern: Introduction to a featured collection: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 1, p. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00299.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00299.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599bf125e4b0b589267ed349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98084,"text":"ofr20091249 - 2009 - Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (EAEHMP)— Progress report, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T13:50:00.537569","indexId":"ofr20091249","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1249","title":"Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (EAEHMP)— Progress report, 2008","docAbstract":"Maps of surficial geology, deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard, and liquefaction potential index have been prepared by various members of the Evansville Area Earthquake Hazard Mapping Project for seven quadrangles in the Evansville, Indiana, and Henderson, Kentucky, metropolitan areas. The surficial geologic maps feature 23 types of surficial geologic deposits, artificial fill, and undifferentiated bedrock outcrop and include alluvial and lake deposits of the Ohio River valley. Probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard and liquefaction hazard mapping is made possible by drawing on a wealth of information including surficial geologic maps, water well logs, and in-situ testing profiles using the cone penetration test, standard penetration test, down-hole shear wave velocity tests, and seismic refraction tests. These data were compiled and collected with contributions from the Indiana Geological Survey, Kentucky Geological Survey, Illinois State Geological Survey, United States Geological Survey, and Purdue University. Hazard map products are in progress and are expected to be completed by the end of 2009, with a public roll out in early 2010. Preliminary results suggest that there is a 2 percent probability that peak ground accelerations of about 0.3 g will be exceeded in much of the study area within 50 years, which is similar to the 2002 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps for a firm rock site value. Accelerations as high as 0.4-0.5 g may be exceeded along the edge of the Ohio River basin. Most of the region outside of the river basin has a low liquefaction potential index (LPI), where the probability that LPI is greater than 5 (that is, there is a high potential for liquefaction) for a M7.7 New Madrid type event is only 20-30 percent. Within the river basin, most of the region has high LPI, where the probability that LPI is greater than 5 for a New Madrid type event is 80-100 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091249","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O.S., Haase, J.L., and Moore, D., 2009, Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (EAEHMP)— Progress report, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1249, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091249.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1249.jpg"},{"id":389710,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_89351.htm"},{"id":13318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky","city":"Evansville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.64137268066406,\n 37.82876846980744\n ],\n [\n -87.44911193847656,\n 37.82876846980744\n ],\n [\n -87.44911193847656,\n 38.07133872299575\n ],\n [\n -87.64137268066406,\n 38.07133872299575\n ],\n [\n -87.64137268066406,\n 37.82876846980744\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haase, Jennifer L.","contributorId":50992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98083,"text":"sir20095246 - 2009 - Water-Quality Characterization of Surface Water in the Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York, 2005-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095246","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5246","title":"Water-Quality Characterization of Surface Water in the Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York, 2005-08","docAbstract":"Water-resources managers in Onondaga County, N.Y., have been faced with the challenge of improving the water-quality of Onondaga Lake. To assist in this endeavor, the U.S. Geological Survey undertook a 3-year basinwide study to assess the water quality of surface water in the Onondaga Lake Basin. The study quantified the relative contributions of nonpoint sources associated with the major land uses in the basin and also focused on known sources (streams with large sediment loads) and presumed sinks (Onondaga Reservoir and Otisco Lake) of sediment and nutrient loads, which previously had not been evaluated.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected and analyzed for nutrients and suspended sediment at 26 surface-water sites and 4 springs in the 285-square-mile Onondaga Lake Basin from October 2005 through December 2008. More than 1,060 base-flow, stormflow, snowmelt, spring-water, and quality-assurance samples collected during the study were analyzed for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate-plus-nitrite, ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen, orthophosphate, phosphorus, and suspended sediment. The concentration of total suspended solids was measured in selected samples. Ninety-one additional samples were collected, including 80 samples from 4 county-operated sites, which were analyzed for suspended sediment or total suspended solids, and 8 precipitation and 3 snowpack samples, which were analyzed for nutrients. Specific conductance, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature were periodically measured in the field.\r\n\r\nThe mean concentrations of selected constituents in base-flow, stormflow, and snowmelt samples were related to the land use or land cover that either dominated the basin or had a substantial effect on the water quality of the basin. Almost 40 percent of the Onondaga Lake Basin is forested, 30 percent is in agricultural uses, and almost 21 percent, including the city of Syracuse, is in developed uses. The data indicated expected relative differences among the land types for concentrations of nitrate, ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen, and orthophosphate. The data departed from the expected relations for concentrations of phosphorus and suspended sediment, and plausible explanations for these departures were posited. Snowmelt concentrations of dissolved constituents generally were greater and those of particulate constituents were less than concentrations of these constituents in storm runoff. Presumably, the snowpack acted as a short-term sink for dissolved constituents that had accumulated from atmospheric deposition, and streambed erosion and resuspension of previously deposited material, rather than land-surface erosion, were the primary sources of particulate constituents in snowmelt flows.\r\n\r\nLongitudinal assessments documented the changes in the median concentrations of constituents in base flows and event flows (combined stormflow and snowmelt) from upstream to downstream monitoring sites along the two major tributaries to Onondaga Lake - Onondaga Creek and Ninemile Creek. Median base-flow concentrations of ammonia and phosphorus and event concentrations of ammonia increased in the downstream direction in both streams. Whereas median event concentrations of other constituents in Onondaga Creek displayed no consistent trends, concentrations of ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen, orthophosphate, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in Ninemile Creek decreased from upstream to downstream sites. Springs discharging from the Onondaga and Bertie Limestone had measureable effects on water temperatures in the receiving streams and increased salinity and values of specific conductance in base flows.\r\n\r\nLoads of selected nutrients and suspended sediment transported in three tributaries of Otisco Lake were compared with loads from 1981-83. Loads of ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen and orthophosphate decreased from 1981-83 to 2005-08, but those of nitrate-plus-nitrite, phosphorus, and suspended sediment increased. The largest load increase was for suspende","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., Hayhurst, B.A., Kappel, W.M., Eckhardt, D., and Szabo, C.O., 2009, Water-Quality Characterization of Surface Water in the Onondaga Lake Basin, Onondaga County, New York, 2005-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5246, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095246.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5246.jpg"},{"id":13317,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5246/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.4,42.784166666666664 ], [ -76.4,43.1175 ], [ -76.05,43.1175 ], [ -76.05,42.784166666666664 ], [ -76.4,42.784166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edd91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayhurst, Brett A. 0000-0002-1717-2015 bhayhurs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2015","contributorId":3398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayhurst","given":"Brett","email":"bhayhurs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eckhardt, David A.V.","contributorId":80233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Szabo, Carolyn O. cszabo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Carolyn","email":"cszabo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160858,"text":"70160858 - 2009 - Twenty-three years of vegetation change in a fly-ash leachate impacted meadow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T15:30:28.276535","indexId":"70160858","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Twenty-three years of vegetation change in a fly-ash leachate impacted meadow","docAbstract":"1. Blag Slough, located in Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, has received leachates from nearby fly-ash ponds for 13 years (1967-1980). We have monitored vegetation and sediment of Blag Slough since 1982, two years after the sealing of the fly-ash ponds and one year after the substrate was first exposed. The pH of the soil has increased one order of magnitude from 3.0 to 4.0 over the 23 years (1982-2005). If the pH further increases the solubility of many heavy metals will decrease, except for arsenic. We provide evidence that boron and zinc were bioaccumulating in the leaves of woody plants in 1984. The ratio of leaf concentration and soil concentration of aluminum suggests this element was not bioaccumulating in woody plants in 1984.
2. Soil concentrations of iron, aluminum, arsenic, and strontium were higher nearest the fly-ash ponds in 2005. The southwest corner of Blag Slough and middle position of transect X had the highest elevated levels of these metals and correlated with the occurrence of mixed spikerush association (dominated by Eleocharis olivacea).
3. Only a few exotic species occurred in the Blag Slough. Common reed (Phragmites australis) was among such species that occurred in three large clones. Other exotic species included dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), mullein (Verbascum thapsis), Jerusalem oak goosefoot (Chenopodium botrys), and sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella). Ruderal species have occurred including thistle (Cirsium spp.), fire weed (Erechtites hieracifolium), and horseweed (Conyza canadensis). While occasional cattail (Typha) have been sampled and mapped in Blag Slough they have never persisted for very long.
4. Species richness leveled off between 1991 and 2005, except for Transect X that had a peak in 1986-7. After an extreme rainfall event in August 18, 1990, Transect V had an average water depth of 0.70 cm, W had 7.1 cm, and X had 26.90 cm. Richness in Transect X declined to a low level in 1990 and 1991 after the extreme flooding event because this transect had the deepest surface water.
5. Typical late successional vegetation associations developed since 1991 include blue joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis) and buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), but large areas consist of disturbance-dependent mosaics of rush (Juncus effusus) and other species. The large expanses of woolly sedge (Scirpus cyperinus) that dominated in the 1980’s was replaced by rush.
6. Late-successional associations (Glyceria canadensis and Calamagrostis canadensis) were closer to the wetland edge compared to the other associations after the dewatering. This pattern occurred because wet meadow vegetation persisted at the wetland edge during the period of industrial flooding, but since then these associations expanded greatly into the north half of Blag Slough.
7. Richness, diversity, and floristic quality index (FQI) increased with time at the plot, association, association trajectories, and wetland levels; whereas mean conservatism scores (mean C), the basis of FQI calculation, decreased in time. The high C values, assigned to coastal plain disjunct species and shrubs by judgment of botanists based on their empirical xii experience including regional or state level plant conservation designations are largely responsible for the contradicted trend between FQI and C. Such contradiction highlights a problem with the subjective assignment of C values, and thus the inadequacy of application of FQI in these wetland systems.
8. Occurrence of interveinal clearing in winged sumac (Rhus copallina), late boneset (Eupatorium serotinum), and black dewberry (Rubus occidentalis) suggest a potential phytotoxicity by heavy metals. However, cause-effect relationship between the metals and the plants are yet to be investigated. Nevertheless, boron and zinc accumulation ratios in leaves of woody plants (Betula populifolia, Populus tremuloides, Rhus copallina, and Rubus sp.) in 1984 suggest that boron and zinc were bioaccumulating in those species. Known toxicity effects of aluminum suggest that plants with vein clearing may be experiencing toxic effects of aluminum despite leaf concentrations 58 to 193 ppm.
9. In a greenhouse experiment, rye (Secale cereale) and radish (Raphanus sativus) germinated poorly in the sediments from Blag Slough having high concentrations of heavy metals (ZN, Mn, B, and NH4+) compared to potting soil. However, rye and radish plants grown in Blag Slough soil had shorter shoots and roots, lower root and shoot mass, and lower root to shoot mass ratios compared to plants grown in potting soil. These results suggest some effect of the soil constituents on rye and radish growth.
10. Positive signs in the recovery of Blag Slough include the increase in soil pH, the increasing dominance of late successional grasses, and the establishment of wetland zonation relative to seasonal water depth. Some areas of Blag Slough near the fly-ash ponds that continue to have high concentrations of heavy metals continue to be devoid of vegetation or are dominated by early successional species such as green spikerush. Localized heavy metal concentrations, evidence for zinc and boron bioaccumulation in 1984, vein clearing that persists today, effects of soil on rye and racish growth, and slow succession in the southern portion of Blag Slough suggest further toxicity study is necessary to better assess the impacts on this wetland ecosystem and identify restoration actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N.B., Leicht-Young, S.A., Wilcox, D., Hiebert, R., Mason, D., and Frohnapple, K., 2009, Twenty-three years of vegetation change in a fly-ash leachate impacted meadow, xii, 142 p.","productDescription":"xii, 142 p.","ipdsId":"IP-011350","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313158,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/661437"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Blag Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.22183227539061,\n 41.24219084843338\n ],\n [\n -87.2039794921875,\n 41.25612970800976\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 41.26696898724201\n ],\n [\n -87.13600158691405,\n 41.28606238749825\n ],\n [\n -87.12020874023436,\n 41.28606238749825\n ],\n [\n -87.05978393554688,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -87.02957153320312,\n 41.2509675141624\n ],\n [\n -86.99935913085936,\n 41.235994845209525\n ],\n [\n -86.978759765625,\n 41.22360107665304\n ],\n [\n -86.96914672851562,\n 41.21895280774118\n ],\n [\n -86.96159362792969,\n 41.22411753058293\n ],\n [\n -86.94992065429686,\n 41.24012557929037\n ],\n [\n -86.95678710937499,\n 41.7041906065988\n ],\n [\n -87.01309204101562,\n 41.68060473460121\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 41.646749030793366\n ],\n [\n -87.18612670898436,\n 41.63545984052713\n ],\n [\n -87.25753784179688,\n 41.62314210470507\n ],\n [\n -87.22183227539061,\n 41.24219084843338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006081e4b0e85db3a5defd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas","contributorId":72764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiebert, Ron","contributorId":52021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiebert","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mason, Daniel","contributorId":108035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frohnapple, Krystal kfrohnapple@usgs.gov","contributorId":4110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohnapple","given":"Krystal","email":"kfrohnapple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189925,"text":"70189925 - 2009 - Linking hydraulic properties of fire-affected soils to infiltration and water repellency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-31T10:42:56","indexId":"70189925","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking hydraulic properties of fire-affected soils to infiltration and water repellency","docAbstract":"Heat from wildfires can produce a two-layer system composed of extremely dry soil covered by a layer of ash, which when subjected to rainfall, may produce extreme floods. To understand the soil physics controlling runoff for these initial conditions, we used a small, portable disk infiltrometer to measure two hydraulic properties: (1) near-saturated hydraulic conductivity, Kf and (2) sorptivity, S(θi), as a function of initial soil moisture content, θi, ranging from extremely dry conditions (θi < 0.02 cm3 cm−3) to near saturation. In the field and in the laboratory replicate measurements were made of ash, reference soils, soils unaffected by fire, and fire-affected soils. Each has a different degrees of water repellency that influences Kf and S(θi).
Values of Kf ranged from 4.5 × 10−3 to 53 × 10−3 cm s−1 for ash; from 0.93 × 10−3 to 130 × 10−3 cm s−1 for reference soils; and from 0.86 × 10−3 to 3.0 × 10−3 cm s−1, for soil unaffected by fire, which had the lowest values of Kf. Measurements indicated that S(θi) could be represented by an empirical non-linear function of θi with a sorptivity maximum of 0.18–0.20 cm s−0.5, between 0.03 and 0.08 cm3 cm−3. This functional form differs from the monotonically decreasing non-linear functions often used to represent S(θi) for rainfall–runoff modeling. The sorptivity maximum may represent the combined effects of gravity, capillarity, and adsorption in a transitional domain corresponding to extremely dry soil, and moreover, it may explain the observed non-linear behavior, and the critical soil-moisture threshold of water repellent soils. Laboratory measurements of Kf and S(θi) are the first for ash and fire-affected soil, but additional measurements are needed of these hydraulic properties for in situ fire-affected soils. They provide insight into water repellency behavior and infiltration under extremely dry conditions. Most importantly, they indicate how existing rainfall–runoff models can be modified to accommodate a possible two-layer system in extremely dry conditions. These modified models can be used to predict floods from burned watersheds under these initial conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.015","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., David Kinner, and Ubeda, X., 2009, Linking hydraulic properties of fire-affected soils to infiltration and water repellency: Journal of Hydrology, v. 379, no. 3-4, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.015.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-012022","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"379","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"598041a0e4b0a38ca27893a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David Kinner","contributorId":195336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David Kinner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ubeda, Xavier","contributorId":195337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ubeda","given":"Xavier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":98082,"text":"sir20095159 - 2009 - Streamflow-Characteristic Estimation Methods for Unregulated Streams of Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5159","title":"Streamflow-Characteristic Estimation Methods for Unregulated Streams of Tennessee","docAbstract":"Streamflow-characteristic estimation methods for unregulated rivers and streams of Tennessee were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Streamflow estimates are provided for 1,224 stream sites. Streamflow characteristics include the 7-consecutive-day, 10-year recurrence-interval low flow, the 30-consecutive-day, 5-year recurrence-interval low flow, the mean annual and mean summer flows, and the 99.5-, 99-, 98-, 95-, 90-, 80-, 70-, 60-, 50-, 40-, 30-, 20-, and 10-percent flow durations. Estimation methods include regional regression (RRE) equations and the region-of-influence (ROI) method. Both methods use zero-flow probability screening to estimate zero-flow quantiles. A low flow and flow duration (LFFD) computer program (TDECv301) performs zero-flow screening and calculation of nonzero-streamflow characteristics using the RRE equations and ROI method and provides quality measures including the 90-percent prediction interval and equivalent years of record. The U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats geographic information system automates the calculation of basin characteristics and streamflow characteristics. In addition, basin characteristics can be manually input to the stand-alone version of the computer program (TDECv301) to calculate streamflow characteristics in Tennessee.\r\n\r\nThe RRE equations were computed using multivariable regression analysis. The two regions used for this study, the western part of the State (West) and the central and eastern part of the State (Central+East), are separated by the Tennessee River as it flows south to north from Hardin County to Stewart County. The West region uses data from 124 of the 1,224 streamflow sites, and the Central+East region uses data from 893 of the 1,224 streamflow sites. The study area also includes parts of the adjacent States of Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Alabama, Kentucky, and Mississippi. Total drainage area, a geology factor, a climate factor, and two soil factors were used as explanatory variables in the RRE equations. Average deleted-residual prediction errors for the West-region RRE equations were 18 and 123 percent for the 10-percent flow duration and 7-consecutive-day, 10-year recurrence-interval low flow, respectively. Average deleted-residual prediction errors for RRE equations were 21 and 89 percent for the same respective flow quantiles in the Central+East region. \r\n\r\nThe ROI method calculates unique multivariable regression equations for a site of interest using the flow and basin characteristics of 45 similar streamflow-data sites selected from the same region. These 45 sites are selected using a metric that measures similarity between the site of interest and the streamflow-data sites based on total drainage area, geology factor, and climate factor. The ROI method estimates streamflow characteristics using total drainage area, geology factor, and a soil factor as explanatory variables. \r\n\r\nAverage deleted-residual prediction errors for the West-region ROI equations were 18 and 125 percent for the 10-percent duration and 7-consecutive-day, 10-year recurrence-interval low flow, respectively. Average deleted-residual prediction errors for ROI equations were 20 and 85 percent for the same respective flow quantiles in the Central+East region. In general, when compared to the RRE equations, the ROI method performs similarly in the West region and reduces streamflow-characteristic prediction errors by an average of about 7 percent in the Central+East region of Tennessee.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095159","isbn":"9781411325968","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation","usgsCitation":"Law, G.S., Tasker, G.D., and Ladd, D.E., 2009, Streamflow-Characteristic Estimation Methods for Unregulated Streams of Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5159, Report: viii, 212 p.; Plate: 60 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095159.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 212 p.; Plate: 60 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5159.jpg"},{"id":13316,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,35 ], [ -91,37 ], [ -81.5,37 ], [ -81.5,35 ], [ -91,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6346ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, George S. gslaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"George","email":"gslaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladd, David E. 0000-0002-9247-7839 deladd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7839","contributorId":1646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"David","email":"deladd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98080,"text":"sir20095260 - 2009 - Evaluation of LiDAR-Acquired Bathymetric and Topographic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Lower Boise River, Southwestern Idaho, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095260","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5260","title":"Evaluation of LiDAR-Acquired Bathymetric and Topographic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Lower Boise River, Southwestern Idaho, 2007","docAbstract":"Elevation data in riverine environments can be used in various applications for which different levels of accuracy are required. The Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) - or EAARL - system was used to obtain topographic and bathymetric data along the lower Boise River, southwestern Idaho, for use in hydraulic and habitat modeling. The EAARL data were post-processed into bare earth and bathymetric raster and point datasets.\r\n\r\nConcurrently with the EAARL data collection, real-time kinetic global positioning system and total station ground-survey data were collected in three areas within the lower Boise River basin to assess the accuracy of the EAARL elevation data in different hydrogeomorphic settings. The accuracies of the EAARL-derived elevation data, determined in open, flat terrain, to provide an optimal vertical comparison surface, had root mean square errors ranging from 0.082 to 0.138 m. Accuracies for bank, floodplain, and in-stream bathymetric data had root mean square errors ranging from 0.090 to 0.583 m. The greater root mean square errors for the latter data are the result of high levels of turbidity in the downstream ground-survey area, dense tree canopy, and horizontal location discrepancies between the EAARL and ground-survey data in steeply sloping areas such as riverbanks.\r\n\r\nThe EAARL point to ground-survey comparisons produced results similar to those for the EAARL raster to ground-survey comparisons, indicating that the interpolation of the EAARL points to rasters did not introduce significant additional error. The mean percent error for the wetted cross-sectional areas of the two upstream ground-survey areas was 1 percent. The mean percent error increases to -18 percent if the downstream ground-survey area is included, reflecting the influence of turbidity in that area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., 2009, Evaluation of LiDAR-Acquired Bathymetric and Topographic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Lower Boise River, Southwestern Idaho, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5260, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095260.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5260.jpg"},{"id":13314,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,43.416666666666664 ], [ -117.25,44 ], [ -116,44 ], [ -116,43.416666666666664 ], [ -117.25,43.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, Kenneth D. 0000-0003-1774-6565 kskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-6565","contributorId":1836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Kenneth","email":"kskinner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98081,"text":"sir20095249 - 2009 - Reconnaissance Assessment of the Potential for Roadside Dry Wells to Affect Water Quality on the Island of Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095249","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5249","title":"Reconnaissance Assessment of the Potential for Roadside Dry Wells to Affect Water Quality on the Island of Hawai'i","docAbstract":"The County of Hawai'i Department of Public Works (DPW) uses dry wells to dispose of stormwater runoff from roads. Recently, concern has been raised that water entering the dry wells may transport contaminants to groundwater and affect the quality of receiving waters. The DPW operates 2,052 dry wells. Compiling an inventory of these dry wells and sorting it on the basis of presence or absence of urbanization in the drainage area, distance between the bottom of the dry well and the water table, and proximity to receiving waters helps identify the dry wells having greatest potential to affect the quality of receiving waters so that future studies or mitigation efforts can focus on a smaller number of dry wells. The drainage areas of some DPW dry wells encompass urbanized areas, which could be a source of contaminants. Some dry wells penetrate close to or through the water table, eliminating or substantially reducing opportunities for contaminant attenuation between the ground surface and water table. Dry wells that have drainage areas that encompass urbanization, penetrate to near the water table, and are near the coast have the highest potential to affect the quality of coastal waters (this study did not consider specific sections of coastline that may be of greater concern than others). Some DPW dry wells, including a few that have drainage areas that encompass urbanization, lie within the areas contributing recharge (ACR) to drinking-water wells. Numerical groundwater modeling studies by previous investigators indicate that water infiltrating those dry wells could eventually be pumped at drinking-water wells. \r\n\r\nDry wells that have a high potential for affecting coastal receiving waters or drinking-water wells can be the focus of studies to further understand the effect of the dry wells on the quality of receiving waters. Possible study approaches include sampling for contaminants at the dry well and receiving water, injecting and monitoring the movement of tracers, and numerical modeling. To fully assess whether dry wells actually pose a significant contamination threat to receiving waters, results from modeling or monitoring must be compared to limits for contaminant concentration at receiving waters. These limits are usually established by the agencies tasked with protecting those waters.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Hawai'i Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., Senter, C., and Johnson, A.G., 2009, Reconnaissance Assessment of the Potential for Roadside Dry Wells to Affect Water Quality on the Island of Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5249, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095249.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5249.jpg"},{"id":13315,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.25,18.5 ], [ -156.25,20.5 ], [ -154.5,20.5 ], [ -154.5,18.5 ], [ -156.25,18.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senter, Craig A.","contributorId":40310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senter","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Adam G. 0000-0003-2448-5746 ajohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-5746","contributorId":4752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Adam","email":"ajohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98077,"text":"ofr20091269 - 2009 - Predictive Models of the Hydrological Regime of Unregulated Streams in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ofr20091269","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1269","title":"Predictive Models of the Hydrological Regime of Unregulated Streams in Arizona","docAbstract":"Three statistical models were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality to improve the predictability of flow occurrence in unregulated streams throughout Arizona. The models can be used to predict the probabilities of the hydrological regime being one of four categories developed by this investigation: perennial, which has streamflow year-round; nearly perennial, which has streamflow 90 to 99.9 percent of the year; weakly perennial, which has streamflow 80 to 90 percent of the year; or nonperennial, which has streamflow less than 80 percent of the year. The models were developed to assist the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality in selecting sites for participation in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. \r\n\r\nOne model was developed for each of the three hydrologic provinces in Arizona - the Plateau Uplands, the Central Highlands, and the Basin and Range Lowlands. The models for predicting the hydrological regime were calibrated using statistical methods and explanatory variables of discharge, drainage-area, altitude, and location data for selected U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations and a climate index derived from annual precipitation data. Models were calibrated on the basis of streamflow data from 46 stations for the Plateau Uplands province, 82 stations for the Central Highlands province, and 90 stations for the Basin and Range Lowlands province. \r\n\r\nThe models were developed using classification trees that facilitated the analysis of mixed numeric and factor variables. In all three models, a threshold stream discharge was the initial variable to be considered within the classification tree and was the single most important explanatory variable. If a stream discharge value at a station was below the threshold, then the station record was determined as being nonperennial. If, however, the stream discharge was above the threshold, subsequent decisions were made according to the classification tree and explanatory variables to determine the hydrological regime of the reach as being perennial, nearly perennial, weakly perennial, or nonperennial. Using model calibration data, misclassification rates for each model were 17 percent for the Plateau Uplands, 15 percent for the Central Highlands, and 14 percent for the Basin and Range Lowlands models. The actual misclassification rate may be higher; however, the model has not been field verified for a full error assessment. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated models were used to classify stream reaches for which the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality had collected miscellaneous discharge measurements. A total of 5,080 measurements at 696 sites were routed through the appropriate classification tree to predict the hydrological regime of the reaches in which the measurements were made. The predictions resulted in classification of all stream reaches as perennial or nonperennial; no reaches were predicted as nearly perennial or weakly perennial. The percentages of sites predicted as being perennial and nonperennial, respectively, were 77 and 23 for the Plateau Uplands, 87 and 13 for the Central Highlands, and 76 and 24 for the Basin and Range Lowlands. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091269","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Anning, D.W., and Parker, J.T., 2009, Predictive Models of the Hydrological Regime of Unregulated Streams in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1269, Report: iv, 33 p.; 4 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091269.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; 4 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1269.jpg"},{"id":13311,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,31 ], [ -115.5,38 ], [ -109,38 ], [ -109,31 ], [ -115.5,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb89c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98076,"text":"ofr20081198 - 2009 - Development of a Watershed Boundary Dataset for Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20081198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1198","title":"Development of a Watershed Boundary Dataset for Mississippi","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Mississippi Department of Transportation, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, and the Mississippi Automated Resource Information System, developed a 1:24,000-scale Watershed Boundary Dataset for Mississippi including watershed and subwatershed boundaries, codes, names, and drainage areas. The Watershed Boundary Dataset for Mississippi provides a standard geographical framework for water-resources and selected land-resources planning. The original 8-digit subbasins (hydrologic unit codes) were further subdivided into 10-digit watersheds and 12-digit subwatersheds - the exceptions are the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Plain (known locally as the Delta) and the Mississippi River inside levees, which were only subdivided into 10-digit watersheds. Also, large water bodies in the Mississippi Sound along the coast were not delineated as small as a typical 12-digit subwatershed. All of the data - including watershed and subwatershed boundaries, hydrologic unit codes and names, and drainage-area data - are stored in a Geographic Information System database.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Mississippi Department of Transportation, U.S. Department of Agriculture-U.S. Forest Service, and Mississippi Automated Resource Information System","usgsCitation":"Van Wilson, K., Clair, M.G., Turnipseed, D.P., and Rebich, R.A., 2009, Development of a Watershed Boundary Dataset for Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1198, Report: iv, 9 p.; Table (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081198.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Table (xls)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1198.jpg"},{"id":13310,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.63333333333334,30 ], [ -91.63333333333334,35 ], [ -88.11666666666666,35 ], [ -88.11666666666666,30 ], [ -91.63333333333334,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666f80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Wilson, K. Jr.","contributorId":58369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wilson","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clair, Michael G. II","contributorId":27578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clair","given":"Michael","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239101,"text":"70239101 - 2009 - Vadose water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T13:52:36.137904","indexId":"70239101","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-27T07:48:18","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Vadose water","docAbstract":"Vadose water is subsurface water between the land surface and the saturated zone below the water table. The vadose (or unsaturated) zone includes soil water, which is immediately available to the biosphere. It acts as a controlling agent in the transmission of water and other substances between various components of the earth system: aquifers, land surface, bodies of water, atmosphere, and so on. As an accessible body of material near the earth's surface, the vadose zone is a focus of much human activity, including agriculture, mining, construction, and waste disposal. Thus, it is affected by anthropogenic modifications of its chemical and physical components. Modern hydrology must consider interactions not only among the natural constituents, but also with a wide variety of contaminants, including pesticides, fertilizers, irrigation wastewater, sewage, toxic chemicals, radioactive substances, bacteria, mine wastes, and organic liquids.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Inland Waters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elesvier","doi":"10.1016/B978-012370626-3.00014-4","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2009, Vadose water, chap. of Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, p. 766-777, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370626-3.00014-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"777","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98075,"text":"sir20095215 - 2009 - Water-Quality and Biological Characteristics and Responses to Agricultural Land Retirement in Three Streams of the Minnesota River Basin, Water Years 2006-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095215","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5215","title":"Water-Quality and Biological Characteristics and Responses to Agricultural Land Retirement in Three Streams of the Minnesota River Basin, Water Years 2006-08","docAbstract":"Water-quality and biological characteristics in three streams in the Minnesota River Basin were assessed using data collected during water years 2006-08. The responses of nutrient concentrations, suspended-sediment concentrations, and biological characteristics to agricultural land retirement also were assessed. In general, total nitrogen, suspended-sediment, and chlorophyll-a concentrations, and fish resource quality improved with increasing land retirement.\r\n\r\nThe Chetomba Creek, West Fork Beaver Creek, and South Branch Rush River subbasins, which range in size from about 200 to 400 square kilometers, have similar geologic and hydrologic settings but differ with respect to the amount, type, and location of retired agricultural land. Total nitrogen concentrations were largest, with a mean of 15.0 milligrams per liter (mg/L), in water samples from the South Branch Rush River, a subbasin with little to no agricultural land retirement; total nitrogen concentrations were smaller in samples from Chetomba Creek (mean of 10.6 mg/L) and West Fork Beaver Creek (mean of 7.9 mg/L), which are subbasins with more riparian or upland land retirement at the basin scale. Total phosphorus concentrations were not related directly to differing land-retirement percentages with mean concentrations at primary data-collection sites of 0.259 mg/L in the West Fork Beaver Creek subbasin, 0.164 mg/L in the Chetomba Creek subbasin, and 0.180 mg/L in the South Branch Rush River subbasin. Temporal variation in water quality was characterized using data from in-stream water-quality monitors and storm-sediment data.\r\n\r\nFish data indicate better resource quality for the West Fork Beaver Creek subbasin than for other subbasins likely due to a combination of factors, including habitat quality, food resources, and dissolved oxygen characteristics. Index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores increased as local land-retirement percentages (within 50 and 100 meters of the streams) increased. Data and analysis from this study can be used to evaluate the success of agricultural management practices and land-retirement programs for improving stream quality.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Lee, K., Sanocki, C.A., Mohring, E., and Kiesling, R.L., 2009, Water-Quality and Biological Characteristics and Responses to Agricultural Land Retirement in Three Streams of the Minnesota River Basin, Water Years 2006-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5215, Report: 102 p. - report and 3 various paged appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095215.","productDescription":"Report: 102 p. - report and 3 various paged appendixes","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5215.jpg"},{"id":13309,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,44 ], [ -96,45.5 ], [ -93.5,45.5 ], [ -93.5,44 ], [ -96,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mohring, Eric H.","contributorId":20443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohring","given":"Eric H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98074,"text":"ofr20091031 - 2009 - Vibracore, radiocarbon, microfossil, and grain-size data from Apalachicola Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:37:24.394777","indexId":"ofr20091031","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1031","title":"Vibracore, radiocarbon, microfossil, and grain-size data from Apalachicola Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey collected 24 vibracores within Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The vibracores were collected by using a Rossfelder electric percussive (P-3) vibracore system during a cruise on the Research Vessel (R/V) G.K. Gilbert. Selection of the core sites was based on a geophysical survey that was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Coastal Services Center (CSC) and the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. This report contains the vibracore data logs, photographs, and core-derived data including grain-size analyses, radiocarbon ages, microfossil counts, and sedimentological interpretations. The long-term goal of this study is to provide maps, data, and assistance to the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in their effort to monitor and understand the geology and ecology of Apalachicola Bay Estuary. These data will inform coastal managers charged with the responsibility for resource preservation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091031","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Pendleton, E., Poore, R., Osterman, L., and Kelso, K., 2009, Vibracore, radiocarbon, microfossil, and grain-size data from Apalachicola Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1031, HTML Document: DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091031.","productDescription":"HTML Document: DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-012029","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1031.jpg"},{"id":13308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.33333333333333,29.5 ], [ -85.33333333333333,29.833333333333332 ], [ -84.58333333333333,29.833333333333332 ], [ -84.58333333333333,29.5 ], [ -85.33333333333333,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, E.A.","contributorId":9742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelso, K.W.","contributorId":92381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98073,"text":"sir20095242 - 2009 - Regional Curves for Bankfull Channel Characteristics in the Appalachian Plateaus, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095242","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5242","title":"Regional Curves for Bankfull Channel Characteristics in the Appalachian Plateaus, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Streams in the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province in West Virginia were classified as a single region on the basis of bankfull characteristics. Regression lines for annual peak flow and drainage area measured at streamgages in the study area at recurrence intervals between 1.2 and 1.7 years fell within the 99-percent confidence interval of the regression line for bankfull flow. Channel characteristics were intermediate among those from surrounding states and regions where comparable studies have been done.\r\n\r\nThe stream reaches that were surveyed were selected for apparent stability, and to represent gradients of drainage area, elevation, and mean annual precipitation. Profiles of high-water marks left by bankfull and near-bankfull peaks were surveyed, either as part of slope-area flow measurements at ungaged reaches, or to transfer known flow information to cross sections for gaged reaches. The slope-area measurements made it possible to include ungaged sites in the study, but still relate bankfull dimensions to peak flow and frequency.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095242","isbn":"9781411326255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Highways and the West Virginia Conservation Agency","usgsCitation":"Messinger, T., 2009, Regional Curves for Bankfull Channel Characteristics in the Appalachian Plateaus, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5242, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095242.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5242.jpg"},{"id":13307,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,36 ], [ -85,42 ], [ -76,42 ], [ -76,36 ], [ -85,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98072,"text":"ofr20091168 - 2009 - Methods for Estimating Withdrawal and Return Flow by Census Block for 2005 and 2020 for New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20091168","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1168","title":"Methods for Estimating Withdrawal and Return Flow by Census Block for 2005 and 2020 for New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, estimated the amount of water demand, consumptive use, withdrawal, and return flow for each U.S. Census block in New Hampshire for the years 2005 (current) and 2020. Estimates of domestic, commercial, industrial, irrigation, and other nondomestic water use were derived through the use and innovative integration of several State and Federal databases, and by use of previously developed techniques.\r\n\r\nThe New Hampshire Water Demand database was created as part of this study to store and integrate State of New Hampshire data central to the project. Within the New Hampshire Water Demand database, a lookup table was created to link the State databases and identify water users common to more than one database. The lookup table also allowed identification of withdrawal and return-flow locations of registered and unregistered commercial, industrial, agricultural, and other nondomestic users. Geographic information system data from the State were used in combination with U.S. Census Bureau spatial data to locate and quantify withdrawals and return flow for domestic users in each census block.\r\n\r\nAnalyzing and processing the most recently available data resulted in census-block estimations of 2005 water use. Applying population projections developed by the State to the data sets enabled projection of water use for the year\r\n2020. The results for each census block are stored in the New Hampshire Water Demand database and may be aggregated to larger political areas or watersheds to assess relative hydrologic stress on the basis of current and potential water availability.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Hayes, L., and Horn, M.A., 2009, Methods for Estimating Withdrawal and Return Flow by Census Block for 2005 and 2020 for New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1168, viii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091168.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1168.jpg"},{"id":13306,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.58333333333333,42.666666666666664 ], [ -72.58333333333333,45.333333333333336 ], [ -70.58333333333333,45.333333333333336 ], [ -70.58333333333333,42.666666666666664 ], [ -72.58333333333333,42.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Laura 0000-0002-4488-1343 lhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-1343","contributorId":2791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Laura","email":"lhayes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horn, Marilee A. mhorn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"Marilee","email":"mhorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98068,"text":"ds462 - 2009 - Comparison of 2006-2007 Water Years and Historical Water-Quality Data, Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ds462","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"462","title":"Comparison of 2006-2007 Water Years and Historical Water-Quality Data, Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Population growth and changes in land use have the potential to affect water quality and quantity in the upper Gunnison River basin. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College established a water-quality monitoring program in the upper Gunnison River basin to characterize current water-quality conditions and to assess the effects of increased urban development and other land-use changes on water quality. The monitoring network has evolved into two groups of stations - stations that are considered long term and stations that are considered rotational. The long-term stations are monitored to assist in defining temporal changes in water quality (how conditions may change over time). The rotational stations are monitored to assist in the spatial definition of water-quality conditions (how conditions differ throughout the basin) and to address local and short-term concerns. Some stations in the rotational group were changed beginning in water year 2007. Annual summaries of the water-quality data from the monitoring network provide a point of reference for discussions regarding water-quality monitoring in the upper Gunnison River basin.\r\n\r\nThis summary includes data collected during water years 2006 and 2007. The introduction provides a map of the sampling sites, definitions of terms, and a one-page summary of selected water-quality conditions at the network stations. The remainder of the summary is organized around the data collected at individual stations. Data collected during water years 2006 and 2007 are compared to historical data, State water-quality standards, and Federal water-quality guidelines. Data were collected following USGS protocols (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated). ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds462","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College","usgsCitation":"Solberg, P., Moore, B., and Smits, D., 2009, Comparison of 2006-2007 Water Years and Historical Water-Quality Data, Upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 462, vi, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds462.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_462.jpg"},{"id":13302,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/462/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.75,37.75 ], [ -107.75,39.166666666666664 ], [ -106.25,39.166666666666664 ], [ -106.25,37.75 ], [ -107.75,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solberg, P.A.","contributorId":98009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Bryan bmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Bryan","email":"bmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smits, Dennis","contributorId":92775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smits","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}