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The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131192A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangles 3664 and 3764, Char Shengo (123), Shibirghan (124), Jalajin (117), and Kham-Ab (118) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1192, 37 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131192A.","productDescription":"37 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050281","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131192A.jpg"},{"id":283510,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1192/A/"},{"id":283511,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1192/A/pdf/ofr2013-1192a.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 64.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,37.75 ], [ 66.0,37.75 ], [ 66.0,36.0 ], [ 64.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dce4b0b290850fdcc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70057437,"text":"ofr20131213A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:22:35","indexId":"ofr20131213A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1213","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131213A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1213, 37 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131213A.","productDescription":"37 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050499","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131213A.jpg"},{"id":283604,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1213/A/"},{"id":283608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1213/A/pdf/ofr2013-1213a.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 70.0,35.0 ], [ 70.0,36.0 ], [ 72.0,36.0 ], [ 72.0,35.0 ], [ 70.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dbe4b0b290850fdcaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70057438,"text":"ofr20131213B - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:19:59","indexId":"ofr20131213B","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1213","chapter":"B","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3570, Tagab-e-Munjan (505) and Asmar-Kamdesh (506) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p> \n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. 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,{"id":70057435,"text":"ofr20131208B - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3466, La`l wa Sar Jangal (507) and Bamyan (508) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:25:56","indexId":"ofr20131208B","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1208","chapter":"B","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3466, La`l wa Sar Jangal (507) and Bamyan (508) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131208B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K.E., Giles, S.A., and Johnson, M., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3466, La`l wa Sar Jangal (507) and Bamyan (508) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1208, 37 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131208B.","productDescription":"37 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050490","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131208B.jpg"},{"id":283621,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1208/B/"},{"id":283623,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1208/B/pdf/ofr2013-1208b.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.0,34.0 ], [ 66.0,35.0 ], [ 68.0,35.0 ], [ 68.0,34.0 ], [ 66.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dae4b0b290850fdc92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70072002,"text":"ofr20131215A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3564, Jowand (405) and Gurziwan (406) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-03T15:41:24","indexId":"ofr20131215A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1215","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3564, Jowand (405) and Gurziwan (406) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. 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sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70058540,"text":"ofr20131206A - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3470, Jalalabad (511) and Chaghasaray (512) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:21:09","indexId":"ofr20131206A","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1206","chapter":"A","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3470, Jalalabad (511) and Chaghasaray (512) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131206A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K.E., Giles, S.A., and Johnson, M., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3470, Jalalabad (511) and Chaghasaray (512) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1206, 37 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131206A.","productDescription":"37 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050484","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131206A.jpg"},{"id":283602,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1206/A/"},{"id":283603,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1206/A/pdf/ofr2013-1206a.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 70.0,34.0 ], [ 70.0,35.0 ], [ 72.0,35.0 ], [ 72.0,34.0 ], [ 70.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61dae4b0b290850fdc98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70071941,"text":"ofr20131207B - 2013 - Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3262, Farah (421) and Hokumat-e-pur-Chaman (422) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-10T10:23:44","indexId":"ofr20131207B","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1207","chapter":"B","title":"Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3262, Farah (421) and Hokumat-e-pur-Chaman (422) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials","docAbstract":"<p>This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131207B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations","usgsCitation":"King, T., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K.E., Johnson, M., and Giles, S.A., 2013, Hyperspectral surface materials map of quadrangle 3262, Farah (421) and Hokumat-e-pur-Chaman (422) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1207, 38 x 23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131207B.","productDescription":"38 x 23 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050488","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131207B.jpg"},{"id":283614,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1207/B/pdf/ofr2013-1207b.pdf"},{"id":283612,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1207/B/"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62.0,32.0 ], [ 62.0,33.0 ], [ 64.0,33.0 ], [ 64.0,32.0 ], [ 62.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61d8e4b0b290850fdc6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Keith E. 0000-0001-7331-8130 elivo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":1750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Keith","email":"elivo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70093792,"text":"ofr20131186 - 2013 - Development of CE-QUAL-W2 models for the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-13T08:39:02","indexId":"ofr20131186","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-13T08:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1186","title":"Development of CE-QUAL-W2 models for the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrodynamic (CE-QUAL-W2) models of Hills Creek Lake (HCL), Lookout Point Lake (LOP), and Dexter Lake (DEX) on the Middle Fork Willamette River (MFWR), and models of Green Peter Lake and Foster Lake on the South Santiam River systems in western Oregon were updated and recalibrated for a wide range of flow and meteorological conditions. These CE-QUAL-W2 models originally were developed by West Consultants, Inc., for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This study by the U.S. Geological Survey included a reassessment of the models’ calibration in more recent years—2002, 2006, 2008, and 2011—categorized respectively as low, normal, high, and extremely high flow calendar years. These years incorporated current dam-operation practices and more available data than the time period used in the original calibration. Modeled water temperatures downstream of both HCL and LOP-DEX on the MFWR were within an average of 0.68 degree Celsius (°C) of measured values; modeled temperatures downstream of Foster Dam on the South Santiam River were within an average of 0.65°C of measured values. A new CE-QUAL-W2 model was developed and calibrated for the riverine MFWR reach between Hills Creek Dam and the head of LOP, allowing an evaluation of the flow and temperature conditions in the entire MFWR system from HCL to Dexter Dam.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The complex bathymetry and long residence time of HCL, combined with the relatively deep location of the power and regulating outlet structures at Hills Creek Dam, led to a HCL model that was highly sensitive to several outlet and geometric parameters related to dam structures (STR TOP, STR BOT, STR WIDTH). Release temperatures from HCL were important and often persisted downstream as they were incorporated in the MFWR model and the LOP-DEX model (downstream of MFWR). The models tended to underpredict the measured temperature of water releases from Dexter Dam during the late-September-through-December drawdown period in 2002, and again (to a lesser extent) in 2011, but simulations were much more accurate in 2006 and 2008. This episodic model bias may have been a result of hot, dry conditions; lower lake elevations; and earlier drawdown at both HCL and LOP in 2002. These dry conditions in 2002 may have contradicted assumptions inherent in the estimation of certain model inputs, such as unmeasured inflows and water temperatures, which may respond differently during dry years than during normal and wet years.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report documents the development and calibration of new and revised flow and water-temperature models for riverine and reservoir reaches in the Middle Fork Willamette River and South Santiam River systems. Methods and model parameter values were established for the accurate simulation of flows and temperatures in these systems under current conditions. By extension, these models should be able to accurately simulate flows and temperatures under potential future conditions in which dam operations and dam outlet structures may be changed as part of a strategy to improve habitat, fish passage, and temperature conditions for endangered fish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District","usgsCitation":"Buccola, N., Stonewall, A., Sullivan, A.B., Kim, Y., and Rounds, S.A., 2013, Development of CE-QUAL-W2 models for the Middle Fork Willamette and South Santiam Rivers, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1186, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131186.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048844","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131186.jpg"},{"id":282336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1186/"},{"id":282338,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1186/pdf/ofr2013-1186.pdf"}],"projection":"Oregon Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"NAD 1983, NAVD 1988","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Dexter Lake;Foster Lake;Green Peter Lake;Hills Creek Lake;Lookout Point Lake;Middle Fork Willamette River;South Santiam River;Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.3,43.1992 ], [ -124.3,46.2511 ], [ -120.9924,46.2511 ], [ -120.9924,43.1992 ], [ -124.3,43.1992 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54a3e4b0b290850f5daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":4295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J.","contributorId":6704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":56317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett","email":"annett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Yoonhee yoonhee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Yoonhee","email":"yoonhee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70058777,"text":"ofr20131279 - 2013 - Native Prairie Adaptive Management: a multi region adaptive approach to invasive plant management on Fish and Wildlife Service owned native prairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T12:08:32","indexId":"ofr20131279","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T08:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1279","title":"Native Prairie Adaptive Management: a multi region adaptive approach to invasive plant management on Fish and Wildlife Service owned native prairies","docAbstract":"<p>Much of the native prairie managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the northern Great Plains is extensively invaded by the introduced cool-season grasses, smooth brome (<i>Bromus inermis</i>) and Kentucky bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i>). Management to suppress these invasive plants has had poor to inconsistent success. The central challenge to managers is selecting appropriate management actions in the face of biological and environmental uncertainties. In partnership with the FWS, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed an adaptive decision support framework to assist managers in selecting management actions under uncertainty and maximizing learning from management outcomes. This joint partnership is known as the Native Prairie Adaptive Management (NPAM) initiative. The NPAM decision framework is built around practical constraints faced by FWS refuge managers and includes identification of the management objective and strategies, analysis of uncertainty and construction of competing decision models, monitoring, and mechanisms for model feedback and decision selection. Nineteen FWS field stations, spanning four states of the PPR, have participated in the initiative. These FWS cooperators share a common management objective, available management strategies, and biological uncertainties. Though the scope is broad, the initiative interfaces with individual land managers who provide site-specific information and receive updated decision guidance that incorporates understanding gained from the collective experience of all cooperators. We describe the technical components of this approach, how the components integrate and inform each other, how data feedback from individual cooperators serves to reduce uncertainty across the whole region, and how a successful adaptive management project is coordinated and maintained on a large scale.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>During an initial scoping workshop, FWS cooperators developed a consensus management objective: increase the composition of native grasses and forbs on native sod while minimizing cost. Cooperators agreed that decision guidance should be provided annually and should account for local, real-time vegetation conditions observed on the ground. Over the course of development, two prototypes of the decision framework were considered. The final framework recognized four alternative actions that managers could take in any given year: (1) Graze—targeted use of grazing ungulates to achieve defoliation, (2) Burn—application of prescribed fire as the single form of defoliation, (3) Burn/Graze—a combination treatment, and (4) Rest—no action. The study area included northern mixed-grass and tallgrass prairie. Native vegetation in mixed–grass prairie has a strong cool-season component and thus the dominant native species have a phenology similar to that of smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass, making management of those species challenging. In contrast, tallgrass prairie has a strong warm-season native component, leading to an existence of cool-season windows, periods of time in the fall and spring when cool‐season invasive grass species are actively growing and vulnerable to damage via select management actions, but warm‐season grass species are not active and are thus less susceptible to damage via the same actions. This dichotomy between prairie types necessitated the development of separate but parallel decision support systems for mixed-grass and tallgrass biomes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Management units are parcels of native prairie that receive a single management treatment at any one time over their entire extent. At any particular time, the vegetation state of each management unit is characterized by the amount of cover of native grasses and forbs and the type of invasive grass that is dominant. In addition, each unit has a defoliation state which reflects the number of years since the last defoliation event and an index to how intensively the unit was managed during the previous 7 years. State-transition models are used to predict the state of a management unit in year t+1 from its state in year t and a prescribed management action that was applied between the two monitoring events. Alternative models are built around key uncertainties that make choice of a management action difficult. Three uncertainties revolve around whether the effect of management actions depends on (1) type of dominant invader, (2) past defoliation history, and (3) level of invasion. Two additional uncertainties are considered when choosing a management action for tallgrass units: (4) the effectiveness of grazing within the cool-season window as a surrogate for burning when smooth brome is the dominant invader, and (5) the differential effect of active management outside the window as compared to rest.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Because data on the probability of transitioning from one state to another under the various models were lacking, expert opinion and elicitation were used to parameterize the models. In addition, cooperators participated in elicitation exercises to extract their beliefs regarding the value of having native prairie compared to the cost of achieving it. Quantifying the subjective expression of utility in this way allowed for mathematical representation of the management objective into an objective function. By maximizing the objective function, cumulative utility is maximized, leading to the identification of a sequence of decisions that will achieve the management objective.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The NPAM system adopted a vegetation monitoring protocol that was rapid, inexpensive, and familiar to many of the cooperators. The monitoring protocol served three purposes: (1) determining current vegetation and defoliation states of each unit, (2) evaluating progress toward the management objective, and (3) assessing predictive performance of the alternative models. The management year runs from September 1 to August 31. Management can be applied anytime during that period and monitoring takes places from late June to mid-August. Cooperators enter vegetation data and management information into a centralized database by August 25 of each year. Given the current state of the system (vegetation and defoliation states) and the current understanding of the system (or the belief state), identifying the current best management decision is a matter of looking up the combination (that is, system state and belief state) in the appropriate (mixed-grass or tallgrass) optimal decision table. Given complete uncertainty at the outset of decision-making, initial assignment of equal belief weights to each model was believed reasonable. The decisions in the optimal decision table that correspond to the current belief state constitute the current optimal decision policy. By August 31 of each year, individual cooperators are provided with a recommended management action for each of their management units for the upcoming management year. Upon receiving the management recommendations for their units, managers consider the recommendation, along with other relevant information, and at some point during the year one of the management alternatives is carried out. This iterative cycle of making and implementing a management decision, predicting the response, monitoring the outcome, comparing predicted and observed outcomes, updating model weights, and recommending a management action for the next cycle is expected to result in an accumulation of weight on a representative model of system dynamics, thereby increasing understanding needed to effectively manage native prairies.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The NPAM system is now entering its second full year of complete operation, and represents one of only a few fully implemented applications of adaptive management within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NPAM is truly unique in that it originated from the ground up as a result of the leadership and steadfastness of several refuge biologists and managers confronted with a common problem. These biologists recognized that working together across a large landscape presented perhaps the best opportunity for halting and reversing the invasion of native grasslands by non-native cool-season grasses. Importantly, the NPAM system encapsulates the collective thinking and experience of tens if not hundreds of individuals who have battled this vexing problem for much of their careers.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The NPAM initiative is rooted in principles of adaptive management, thereby affording the opportunity for grassland managers to pursue management objectives while acquiring information to reduce uncertainty and improve future management. The project introduced a number of technical innovations that will serve as templates for conservation efforts throughout and beyond the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. First, NPAM is an on-the-ground implementation of active adaptive management—possibly the first of its kind in conservation management—in which recommended management actions result from a prospective analysis of future learning (Williams, 1996). Second, by the use of dynamic optimization, NPAM demonstrates how decisions can be made that take into account possible future transitions of the system. Third, NPAM demonstrates how models of partial controllability are an effective means of accommodating unpredictable circumstances that cause a manager to follow a different course than was intended. Finally, the database developed for NPAM is an unparalleled system that enables the rapid integration of data from the field for the generation of ‘just-in-time’ management recommendations. In all, NPAM provides an example of how a science-management partnership can be forged to achieve large-scale conservation objectives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131279","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gannon, J., Shaffer, T.L., and Moore, C., 2013, Native Prairie Adaptive Management: a multi region adaptive approach to invasive plant management on Fish and Wildlife Service owned native prairies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1279, Report: vii, 184 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131279.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 184 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"190","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043840","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131279.jpg"},{"id":280311,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1279/"},{"id":281447,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1279/pdf/of2013-1279.pdf"},{"id":281448,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1279/Downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota;Montana;North Dakota;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains;Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.32,40.75 ], [ -116.32,50.04 ], [ -90.88,50.04 ], [ -90.88,40.75 ], [ -116.32,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd68a3e4b0b290851022f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannon, Jill J.","contributorId":12722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Jill J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70055685,"text":"ofr20131262 - 2013 - Technical evaluation of a total maximum daily load model for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T13:40:33","indexId":"ofr20131262","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1262","title":"Technical evaluation of a total maximum daily load model for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>We reviewed a mass balance model developed in 2001 that guided establishment of the phosphorus total maximum daily load (TMDL) for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the model and to determine whether improvements could be made using information derived from studies since the model was first developed. The new data have contributed to the understanding of processes in the lakes, particularly internal loading of phosphorus from sediment, and include measurements of diffusive fluxes of phosphorus from the bottom sediments, groundwater advection, desorption from iron oxides at high pH in a laboratory setting, and estimates of fluxes of phosphorus bound to iron and aluminum oxides. None of these processes in isolation, however, is large enough to account for the episodically high values of whole-lake internal loading calculated from a mass balance, which can range from 10 to 20 milligrams per square meter per day for short periods.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The possible role of benthic invertebrates in lake sediments in the internal loading of phosphorus in the lake has become apparent since the development of the TMDL model. Benthic invertebrates can increase diffusive fluxes several-fold through bioturbation and biodiffusion, and, if the invertebrates are bottom feeders, they can recycle phosphorus to the water column through metabolic excretion. These organisms have high densities (1,822–62,178 individuals per square meter) in Upper Klamath Lake. Conversion of the mean density of tubificid worms (Oligochaeta) and chironomid midges (Diptera), two of the dominant taxa, to an areal flux rate based on laboratory measurements of metabolic excretion of two abundant species suggested that excretion by benthic invertebrates is at least as important as any of the other identified processes for internal loading to the water column.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data from sediment cores collected around Upper Klamath Lake since the development of the TMDL model also contributed to this review. Cores were sequentially extracted to determine the distribution of phosphorus associated with several matrices in the sediment (freely exchangeable, metal-oxides, acid-soluble minerals, and residual). The concentrations of phosphorus in these fractions varied around the lake in patterns that reflect transport processes in the lake and the ultimate deposition of organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus from the water column. Both organic and inorganic phosphorus had higher concentrations in the northern part of the lake, in and just west of Goose Bay. At the time that these cores were collected, prior to restoration of the Williamson River Delta, this area was close to the shoreline of the lake and east of the Williamson River mouth. This contrasts with erosional inputs, which, in addition to being high to the east of the pre-restoration Williamson River mouth, were higher in the middle of the lake than at the northern end. Organic forms of phosphorus had particularly high concentrations in the northern bays. When these cores were used to calculate a new estimate of the whole-lake-averaged concentration of total phosphorus in the top 10 centimeters of the lake sediments, the estimate was about one-third of the best estimate available when the TMDL model was developed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.M., Wherry, S., Carter, J.L., Kuwabara, J.S., Simon, N.S., and Rounds, S.A., 2013, Technical evaluation of a total maximum daily load model for Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1262, vi, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131262.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037641","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131262.GIF"},{"id":281328,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1262/"},{"id":281329,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1262/pdf/ofr2013-1262.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Agency Lake;Goose Bay;Upper Klamath Lake;Williamson River;Williamson River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.197797,42.082902 ], [ -122.197797,42.650173 ], [ -121.577757,42.650173 ], [ -121.577757,42.082902 ], [ -122.197797,42.082902 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7657e4b0b2908510ad44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wherry, Susan A.","contributorId":79403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wherry","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simon, Nancy S. 0000-0003-2706-7611 nssimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-7611","contributorId":838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Nancy","email":"nssimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70049064,"text":"ofr20131257 - 2013 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and State waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T08:34:03","indexId":"ofr20131257","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-16T08:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1257","title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and State waters","docAbstract":"<p>The Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations were assessed as part of the 2007 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of Tertiary strata of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Basin onshore and State waters. The Frio Formation, which consists of sand-rich fluvio-deltaic systems, has been one of the largest hydrocarbon producers from the Paleogene in the Gulf of Mexico. The Anahuac Formation, an extensive transgressive marine shale overlying the Frio Formation, contains deltaic and slope sandstones in Louisiana and Texas and carbonate rocks in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. In downdip areas of the Frio and Anahuac Formations, traps associated with faulted, rollover anticlines are common. Structural traps commonly occur in combination with stratigraphic traps. Faulted salt domes in the Frio and Anahuac Formations are present in the Houston embayment of Texas and in south Louisiana. In the Frio Formation, stratigraphic traps are found in fluvial, deltaic, barrier-bar, shelf, and strandplain systems.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The USGS Tertiary Assessment Team defined a single, Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) for the Gulf Coast basin, based on previous studies and geochemical analysis of oils in the Gulf Coast basin. The primary source rocks for oil and gas within Cenozoic petroleum systems, including Frio Formation reservoirs, in the northern, onshore Gulf Coastal region consist of coal and shale rich in organic matter within the Wilcox Group (Paleocene–Eocene), with some contributions from the Sparta Sand of the Claiborne Group (Eocene). The Jurassic Smackover Formation and Cretaceous Eagle Ford Formation also may have contributed substantial petroleum to Cenozoic reservoirs. Modeling studies of thermal maturity by the USGS Tertiary Assessment Team indicate that downdip portions of the basal Wilcox Group reached sufficient thermal maturity to generate hydrocarbons by early Eocene; this early maturation is the result of rapid sediment accumulation in the early Tertiary, combined with the reaction kinetic parameters used in the models. A number of studies indicate that the migration of oil and gas in the Cenozoic Gulf of Mexico basin is primarily vertical, occurring along abundant growth faults associated with sediment deposition or along faults associated with salt domes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The USGS Tertiary assessment team developed a geologic model based on recurring regional-scale structural and depositional features in Paleogene strata to define assessment units (AUs). Three general areas, as described in the model, are found in each of the Paleogene stratigraphic intervals assessed: “Stable Shelf,” “Expanded Fault,” and “Slope and Basin Floor” zones. On the basis of this model, three AUs for the Frio Formation were defined: (1) the Frio Stable Shelf Oil and Gas AU, containing reservoirs with a mean depth of about 4,800 feet in normally pressured intervals; (2) the Frio Expanded Fault Zone Oil and Gas AU, containing reservoirs with a mean depth of about 9,000 feet in primarily overpressured intervals; and (3) the Frio Slope and Basin Floor Gas AU, which currently has no production but has potential for deep gas resources (>15,000 feet). AUs also were defined for the Hackberry trend, which consists of a slope facies stratigraphically in the middle part of the Frio Formation, and the Anahuac Formation. The Frio Basin Margin AU, an assessment unit extending to the outcrop of the Frio (or basal Miocene), was not quantitatively assessed because of its low potential for production. Two proprietary, commercially available databases containing field and well production information were used in the assessment. Estimates of undiscovered resources for the five AUs were based on a total of 1,734 reservoirs and 586,500 wells producing from the Frio and Anahuac Formations. Estimated total mean values of technically recoverable, undiscovered resources are 172 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 9.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas (TCFG), and 542 million barrels of natural gas liquids for all of the Frio and Anahuac AUs. Of the five units assessed, the Frio Slope and Basin Floor Gas AU has the greatest potential for undiscovered gas resources, having an estimated mean of 5.6 TCFG. The Hackberry Oil and Gas AU shows the second highest potential for gas of the five units assessed, having an estimated mean of 1.8 TCFG. The largest undiscovered, conventional crude oil resource was estimated for the Frio Slope and Basin Floor Gas AU; the estimated mean for oil in this AU is 110 MMBO.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131257","usgsCitation":"Swanson, S.M., Karlsen, A.W., and Valentine, B.J., 2013, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources: Oligocene Frio and Anahuac Formations, United States Gulf of Mexico coastal plain and State waters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1257, Report: viii, 66 p.; Appendix 1: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131257.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 66 p.; Appendix 1: 10 p.","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051257","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131257.jpg"},{"id":281139,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1257/"},{"id":281140,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1257/pdf/of2013-1257.pdf"},{"id":281141,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1257/pdf/ofr2013-1257_appendix1_input_data.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana;Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101.0,24.84 ], [ -101.0,33.0 ], [ -88.5,33.0 ], [ -88.5,24.84 ], [ -101.0,24.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d8ff61e4b08fdd528145fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 smswanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1736","contributorId":590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Sharon","email":"smswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander W.","contributorId":105382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70059127,"text":"ofr20131270 - 2013 - Hurricane Isaac: observations and analysis of coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T16:17:00","indexId":"ofr20131270","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-14T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1270","title":"Hurricane Isaac: observations and analysis of coastal change","docAbstract":"<p>Understanding storm-induced coastal change and forecasting these changes require knowledge of the physical processes associated with a storm and the geomorphology of the impacted coastline. The primary physical process of interest is sediment transport that is driven by waves, currents, and storm surge associated with storms. Storm surge, which is the rise in water level due to the wind, barometric pressure, and other factors, allows both waves and currents to impact parts of the coast not normally exposed to these processes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Coastal geomorphology reflects the coastal changes associated with extreme-storm processes. Relevant geomorphic variables that are observable before and after storms include sand dune elevation, beach width, shoreline position, sediment grain size, and foreshore beach slope. These variables, in addition to hydrodynamic processes, can be used to quantify coastal change and are used to predict coastal vulnerability to storms (Stockdon and others, 2007).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards (NACCH) project (<a href=\"http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/national-assessment/\" target=\"_blank\">http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/national-assessment/</a>) provides hazard information to those concerned about the Nation’s coastlines, including residents of coastal areas, government agencies responsible for coastal management, and coastal researchers. Extreme-storm research is a component of the NACCH project (<a href=\"http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/\" target=\"_blank\">http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/</a>) that includes development of predictive understanding, vulnerability assessments using models, and updated observations in response to specific storm events. In particular, observations were made to determine morphological changes associated with Hurricane Isaac, which made landfall in the United States first at Southwest Pass, at the mouth of the Mississippi River, at 0000 August 29, 2012 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) and again, 8 hours later, west of Port Fourchon, Louisiana (Berg, 2013). Methods of observation included oblique aerial photography, airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) topographic surveys, and ground-based topographic surveys. This report documents data-collection efforts and presents qualitative and quantitative descriptions of hurricane-induced changes to the shoreline, beaches, dunes, and infrastructure in the region that was heavily impacted by Hurricane Isaac.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The report is divided into the following sections:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Section 1: Introduction</li>\n\n<li>Section 2: Storm Overview, presents a synopsis of the storm, including meteorological evolution, wind speed impact area, wind-wave generation, and storm-surge extent and magnitudes.</li>\n\n<li>Section 3: Coastal-Change Observations, describes data-collection missions, including acquisition of oblique aerial photography and airborne lidar topographic surveys, in response to Hurricane Isaac.</li>\n\n<li>Section 4: Coastal-Change Analysis, describes data-analysis methods and observations of coastal change.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131270","usgsCitation":"Guy, K.K., Stockdon, H.F., Plant, N.G., Doran, K., and Morgan, K., 2013, Hurricane Isaac: observations and analysis of coastal change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1270, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131270.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050671","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131270.jpg"},{"id":281057,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1270/"},{"id":281058,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1270/pdf/of2013-1270.pdf"}],"country":"Cuba;Haiti;United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean;Caribbean Sea;Gulf Of Mexico;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.86,11.44 ], [ -96.86,41.18 ], [ -39.99,41.18 ], [ -39.99,11.44 ], [ -96.86,11.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d65d75e4b0b566e996b353","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":45010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727 kdoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":2496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","email":"kdoran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70068530,"text":"ofr20131306 - 2013 - Geologic map of Oldonyo Lengai (Oldoinyo Lengai) Volcano and surroundings, Arusha Region, United Republic of Tanzania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T10:22:20","indexId":"ofr20131306","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-10T08:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1306","title":"Geologic map of Oldonyo Lengai (Oldoinyo Lengai) Volcano and surroundings, Arusha Region, United Republic of Tanzania","docAbstract":"<p>The geology of Oldonyo Lengai volcano and the southernmost Lake Natron basin, Tanzania, is presented on this geologic map at scale 1:50,000. The map sheet can be downloaded in pdf format for online viewing or ready to print (48 inches by 36 inches).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A 65-page explanatory pamphlet describes the geologic history of the area. Its goal is to place the new findings into the framework of previous investigations while highlighting gaps in knowledge. In this way questions are raised and challenges proposed to future workers.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The southernmost Lake Natron basin is located along the East African rift zone in northern Tanzania. Exposed strata provide a history of volcanism, sedimentation, and faulting that spans 2 million years. It is here where Oldonyo Lengai, Tanzania’s most active volcano of the past several thousand years, built its edifice. Six new radiometric ages, by the <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar method, and 48 new geochemical analyses from Oldonyo Lengai and surrounding volcanic features deepen our understanding of the area.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Those who prefer the convenience and access offered by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) may download an electronic database, suitable for most GIS software applications. The GIS database is in a Transverse Mercator projection, zone 36, New (1960) Arc datum. The database includes layers for hypsography (topography), hydrography, and infrastructure such as roads and trails.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131306","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., Magigita, M.M., and Kwelwa, S., 2013, Geologic map of Oldonyo Lengai (Oldoinyo Lengai) Volcano and surroundings, Arusha Region, United Republic of Tanzania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1306, Map: 47.99 x 35.98 inches; Pamphlet: v, 65 p.; GIS files; Metadata; Chemical Analyses, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131306.","productDescription":"Map: 47.99 x 35.98 inches; Pamphlet: v, 65 p.; GIS files; Metadata; Chemical Analyses","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043114","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131306.jpg"},{"id":280806,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1306/pdf/ofr2013-1306_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":280807,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1306/downloads/ofr2013-1306_GIS.zip"},{"id":280808,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1306/downloads/ofr2013-1306_Metadata.zip"},{"id":280805,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1306/pdf/ofr2013-1306.pdf"},{"id":280809,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1306/downloads/ChemAnalyses_OldonyoLengai_20101221.xls"},{"id":280802,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1306"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"New (1960) Arc datum","country":"United Republic Of Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Arusha Region;Lake Natron;Oldonyo Lengai Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 35.783333,-2.845 ], [ 35.783333,-2.5 ], [ 36.02005,-2.5 ], [ 36.02005,-2.845 ], [ 35.783333,-2.845 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d11661e4b072eb3e0c4984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magigita, Masota M.","contributorId":53286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magigita","given":"Masota","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwelwa, Shimba","contributorId":58180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwelwa","given":"Shimba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70058730,"text":"ofr20131291 - 2013 - Effect of simulated tree canopy removal on a municipal wellfield in the Puget Sound aquifer system, Thurston County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T08:25:32","indexId":"ofr20131291","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1291","title":"Effect of simulated tree canopy removal on a municipal wellfield in the Puget Sound aquifer system, Thurston County, Washington","docAbstract":"Effects of tree canopy removal on a wellfield were simulated using a groundwater flow model characteristic of hydrogeologic settings in the Puget Sound aquifer system. Effects were estimated according to simulated changes in flow patterns that may result from tree canopy removal associated with varying degrees of residential development. The flow model used was a modified version of a model of the hydrogeologic setting in Thurston County, Washington; the wellfield was one planned for Olympia, Washington, and the canopy modifications spanned a range of possible land use change scenarios. The relative effects of tree canopy removal were estimated in terms of potential changes in capture zones for the wellfield and groundwater levels. Because of the depth of the wellfield and the dispersal of the effects from changes in recharge at ground surface, potential changes in wellfield capture zones and groundwater levels were discernible but small compared to other possible influences.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources and the City of Olympia","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.H., 2013, Effect of simulated tree canopy removal on a municipal wellfield in the Puget Sound aquifer system, Thurston County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1291, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131291.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051903","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131291.PNG"},{"id":280382,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1291/pdf/ofr2013-1291.pdf"},{"id":280381,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1291/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Thurston County","city":"Olympia","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.956238,46.779609 ], [ -122.956238,47.250805 ], [ -122.399368,47.250805 ], [ -122.399368,46.779609 ], [ -122.956238,46.779609 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce747ce4b073e0995b2dcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70055737,"text":"ofr20131255 - 2013 - seawaveQ: an R package providing a model and utilities for analyzing trends in chemical concentrations in streams with a seasonal wave (seawave) and adjustment for streamflow (Q) and other ancillary variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:16:54","indexId":"ofr20131255","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-03T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1255","title":"seawaveQ: an R package providing a model and utilities for analyzing trends in chemical concentrations in streams with a seasonal wave (seawave) and adjustment for streamflow (Q) and other ancillary variables","docAbstract":"The seawaveQ R package fits a parametric regression model (seawaveQ) to pesticide concentration data from streamwater samples to assess variability and trends. The model incorporates the strong seasonality and high degree of censoring common in pesticide data and users can incorporate numerous ancillary variables, such as streamflow anomalies. The model is fitted to pesticide data using maximum likelihood methods for censored data and is robust in terms of pesticide, stream location, and degree of censoring of the concentration data. This R package standardizes this methodology for trend analysis, documents the code, and provides help and tutorial information, as well as providing additional utility functions for plotting pesticide and other chemical concentration data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131255","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., and Vecchia, A.V., 2013, seawaveQ: an R package providing a model and utilities for analyzing trends in chemical concentrations in streams with a seasonal wave (seawave) and adjustment for streamflow (Q) and other ancillary variables: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1255, Report: iv, 13 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131255.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049192","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131255.jpg"},{"id":280570,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1255/"},{"id":280582,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1255/pdf/ofr13-1255.pdf.pdf"},{"id":280583,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1255/Downloads/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52c7dc0ee4b0a753c7d3e47d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044629,"text":"ofr20121208 - 2013 - Water-quality data of lakes and wetlands in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, 2007–2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-19T13:09:09","indexId":"ofr20121208","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-30T13:02:43","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1208","title":"Water-quality data of lakes and wetlands in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, 2007–2009","docAbstract":"Over a three-year period (2007–2009), in-situ measurements were taken and water-quality samples were collected from 111 lakes and wetlands located in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, during a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wetlands inventory. The U.S. Geological Survey performed the chemical analyses on the retrieved water-quality samples. Results from the analyses of water samples for dissolved carbon gases and carbon isotopes, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, and major cations and anions, along with supporting site data, are presented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121208","usgsCitation":"Halm, D.R., and Guldager, N., 2013, Water-quality data of lakes and wetlands in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, 2007–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1208, Report: v, 8 p.; Excel Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121208.","productDescription":"Report: v, 8 p.; Excel Table","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037333","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282535,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1208/pdf/of2012-1208.pdf"},{"id":282536,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1208/tables.xlsx"},{"id":282537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121208.gif"},{"id":282534,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1208/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.553,65.4692 ], [ -149.553,67.4718 ], [ -142.4346,67.4718 ], [ -142.4346,65.4692 ], [ -149.553,65.4692 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7d2ce4b0b2908510f36e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guldager, Nikki","contributorId":101981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guldager","given":"Nikki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058863,"text":"ofr20131295 - 2013 - Preliminary estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-30T08:25:24","indexId":"ofr20131295","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-27T15:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1295","subseriesTitle":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","title":"Preliminary estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2010-11","docAbstract":"This report provides preliminary estimates of annual agricultural use of 374 pesticide compounds in counties of the conterminous United States in 2010 and 2011, compiled by means of methods described in Thelin and Stone (2013). U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) county-level data for harvested-crop acreage were used in conjunction with proprietary Crop Reporting District (CRD)-level pesticide-use data to estimate county-level pesticide use. Estimated pesticide use (EPest) values were calculated with both the EPest-high and EPest-low methods. The distinction between the EPest-high method and the EPest-low method is that there are more counties with estimated pesticide use for EPest-high compared to EPest-low, owing to differing assumptions about missing survey data (Thelin and Stone, 2013). Preliminary estimates in this report will be revised upon availability of updated crop acreages in the 2012 Agricultural Census, to be published by the USDA in 2014. In addition, estimates for 2008 and 2009 previously published by Stone (2013) will be updated subsequent to the 2012 Agricultural Census release. Estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files, which are organized by compound, year, state Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, county FIPS code, and kg (amount in kilograms).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131295","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2013, Preliminary estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use for counties of the conterminous United States, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1295, Report: iii, 2 p.; Tables: 14 txt files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131295.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 2 p.; Tables: 14 txt files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052139","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131295.jpg"},{"id":280539,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1295/"},{"id":280540,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1295/tables/of2013-1295_tables.zip"},{"id":280541,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1295/pdf/of2013-1295.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52bea162e4b052bfba83a2ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70059316,"text":"ofr20131301 - 2013 - Monitoring of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2008–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:42:46","indexId":"ofr20131301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-23T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1301","title":"Monitoring of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2008–2010","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1>\n<p>In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey began a consistent monitoring program for endangered Lost River suckers (<i>Deltistes luxatus</i>) and shortnose suckers (<i>Chasmistes brevirostris</i>) in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, in the fall of 2004. The program was intended to develop a more complete understanding of the Clear Lake Reservoir populations because they are important to the recovery efforts for these species. We report results from this ongoing program and include sampling efforts from fall 2008 to spring 2010. We summarize catches and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging efforts from trammel net sampling in fall 2008 and fall 2009, as well as detections of PIT-tagged suckers on remote antennas in the spawning tributary, Willow Creek, in spring 2009 and spring 2010.</p>\n<p>Trammel net sampling resulted in a relatively low catch of suckers in fall 2008 and a high catch of suckers in fall 2009. We attribute the high catch of suckers to low lake levels in 2009, which concentrated fish. As in previous years, shortnose suckers made up the vast majority of the sucker catch and recaptures of previously PIT-tagged suckers were relatively uncommon. Across the 2 years, we captured and tagged 389 new Lost River suckers and 2,874 new shortnose suckers. Since the program began, we have tagged a total of about 1,200 Lost River suckers and 5,900 shortnose suckers that can be detected on the remote antennas in Willow Creek. Detections of tagged suckers were low in both spring 2009 and spring 2010. The magnitude of the spawning migration was presumably small in both years because of low flows in Willow Creek; detections were similar to a previous low-flow year (spring 2007) and much lower than previous years with higher flows (spring 2006 and spring 2008).</p>\n<p>The size composition of fish captured in fall trammel net sampling over time suggests that the Lost River sucker population probably has decreased in abundance from what it was in the early 2000s. Shortnose suckers are smaller than Lost River suckers, and we are unable to infer any trend in abundance for shortnose suckers because it is impossible to separate recruitment of small fish from size selectivity of the trammel nets. Nonetheless, the substantial catch of small shortnose suckers in 2009, especially females, indicates that some new individuals recruited to the population.</p>\n<p>Problems with inferring status and population dynamics from size composition data can be overcome by a robust capture-recapture program that follows the histories of PIT-tagged individuals. Inferences from such a program are currently hindered by poor detection rates during spawning seasons with low flows in Willow Creek, which indicate that a key assumption of capture-recapture models is violated. We suggest that the most straightforward solution to this issue would be to collect detection data during the spawning season using remote PIT tag antennas in the strait between the west and east lobes of the lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131301","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hewitt, D.A., and Hayes, B., 2013, Monitoring of adult Lost River and shortnose suckers in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, 2008–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1301, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131301.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051993","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131301.JPG"},{"id":280524,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1301/pdf/ofr2013-1301.pdf","text":"Report","size":"900 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":280525,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1301/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.3831,41.78000 ], [ -122.3831,42.7534 ], [ -120.9161,42.7534 ], [ -120.9161,41.78000 ], [ -122.3831,41.78000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95be1e4b0a747b3e7e7a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hewitt, David A. 0000-0002-5387-0275 dhewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-0275","contributorId":3767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"David","email":"dhewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Brian S. 0000-0001-8229-4070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-4070","contributorId":37022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Brian S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70059593,"text":"ofr20121024F - 2013 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Arkoma Basin, Kansas Basins, and Midcontinent Rift Basin study areas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70059593,"text":"ofr20121024F - 2013 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Arkoma Basin, Kansas Basins, and Midcontinent Rift Basin study areas","indexId":"ofr20121024F","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Arkoma Basin, Kansas Basins, and Midcontinent Rift Basin study areas"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T11:38:30","indexId":"ofr20121024F","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-23T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"F","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Arkoma Basin, Kansas Basins, and Midcontinent Rift Basin study areas","docAbstract":"<p>2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110&ndash;140) directs the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). The methodology used by the USGS for the national CO<sub>2</sub> assessment follows that of previous USGS work. This methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of three storage assessment units (SAUs) in Upper Cambrian to Mississippian sedimentary rocks within the Arkoma Basin study area, and two SAUs in Upper Cambrian to Mississippian sedimentary rocks within the Kansas Basins study area. The Arkoma Basin and Kansas Basins are adjacent with very similar geologic units; although the Kansas Basins area is larger, the Arkoma Basin is more structurally complex. The report focuses on the characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO<sub>2</sub> storage resource in the SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU, such as depth to top, gross thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps, are usually provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information herein was employed, as specified in the USGS methodology, to calculate a probabilistic distribution of potential storage resources in each SAU. The Midcontinent Rift Basin study area was not assessed, because no suitable storage formations meeting our size, depth, reservoir quality, and regional seal guidelines were found. Figures in this report show study area boundaries along with the SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through sealing units into the top of the storage formations. The cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one-square mile and are derived from interpretations of incompletely attributed well data and from a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling. The USGS does not expect to know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the amount of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on the cell maps.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024F","usgsCitation":"Buursink, M.L., Craddock, W.H., Blondes, M., Freeman, P.A., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2013, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Arkoma Basin, Kansas Basins, and Midcontinent Rift Basin study areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: x, 35 p.; 2 compressed ZIP files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024F.","productDescription":"Report: x, 35 p.; 2 compressed ZIP files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280512,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/f/downloads/Cell_C5056_C5062.zip"},{"id":280510,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/f/pdf/of2012-1024-F.pdf"},{"id":280513,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/f/downloads/SAU_C5056_C5062.zip"},{"id":280511,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/f/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":280514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121024F.jpg"}],"projection":"Albers equal area","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Louisiana;Oklahoma;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.7129,31.3724 ], [ -95.7129,37.6664 ], [ -88.7476,37.6664 ], [ -88.7476,31.3724 ], [ -95.7129,31.3724 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter F in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>.  For more information, see <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024\" target=\"_blank\">Open File Report 2012-1024</a>.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95bc0e4b0a747b3e7e724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craddock, William H. 0000-0002-4181-4735 wcraddock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-4735","contributorId":3411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craddock","given":"William","email":"wcraddock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Phillip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":84661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cahan, Steven M. 0000-0002-4776-3668 scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70059317,"text":"ofr20121024D - 2013 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Columbia Basin of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Western Oregon-Washington basins","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70059317,"text":"ofr20121024D - 2013 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Columbia Basin of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Western Oregon-Washington basins","indexId":"ofr20121024D","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Columbia Basin of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Western Oregon-Washington basins"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T23:22:33.273379","indexId":"ofr20121024D","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-20T13:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"D","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Columbia Basin of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Western Oregon-Washington basins","docAbstract":"<p>The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110&ndash;140) directs the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). The methodology used by the USGS for the national CO<sub>2</sub> assessment follows that of previous USGS work. The methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of three storage assessment units (SAUs) in Eocene and Oligocene sedimentary rocks within the Columbia, Puget, Willapa, Astoria, Nehalem, and Willamette Basins of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and focuses on the characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO<sub>2</sub> storage resource in those SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU, such as depth to top, gross thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps, are provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. The designated sealing unit in the Columbia Basin is tentatively chosen to be the ubiquitous and thick Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group. As a result of uncertainties regarding the seal integrity of the Columbia River Basalt Group, the SAUs were not quantitatively assessed. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through sealing units into the top of the storage formations. The cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of incompletely attributed well data, a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling. The USGS does not expect to know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the amount of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on the cell maps.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024D","usgsCitation":"Covault, J.A., Blondes, M., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., Freeman, P., and Lohr, C., 2013, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Columbia Basin of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Western Oregon-Washington basins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vi, 19 p.; Data Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024D.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Data 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Under the guidelines and regulations that have been developed to protect and restore water-quality in the Chesapeake Bay, the six State jurisdictions that fall within the Chesapeake Bay watershed are required to report their progress in promoting agricultural conservation practices to the CBP Partnership on an annual basis. The installation and adoption of agricultural best management practices is supported by technical and financial assistance from both Federal and State conservation programs. The farm enrollment data for USDA conservation programs are confidential, but agencies can obtain access to the privacy-protected data if they are established as USDA Conservation Cooperators. The datasets can also be released to the public if they are first aggregated to protect farmer privacy. In 2012, the USGS used its Conservation Cooperator status to obtain implementation data for conservation programs sponsored by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) for farms within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Three jurisdictions (Delaware, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) used the USGS-provided aggregated dataset to report conservation progress in 2012, whereas the remaining three jurisdictions (Maryland, New York, and Virginia) used jurisdictional Conservation Cooperator Agreements to obtain privacy-protected data directly from the USDA. This report reviews the status of conservation data sharing between the USDA and the various jurisdictions, discusses the methods that were used by the USGS in 2012 to collect and process USDA agricultural conservation data, and also documents methods that were used by the jurisdictions to integrate Federal and State data records, reduce double counting, and provide an accurate reporting of conservation practices to the CBP Partnership’s Annual Progress Review. 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Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":9391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H.","contributorId":97238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claggett, Peter R. 0000-0002-5335-2857 pclaggett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2857","contributorId":176287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claggett","given":"Peter","email":"pclaggett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70058711,"text":"ofr20131290 - 2013 - Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-19T08:47:32","indexId":"ofr20131290","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1290","title":"Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens severely affected the North Fork Toutle River (hereafter Toutle River), Washington, and threatened anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations in the basin. The Toutle River was further affected in 1989 when a sediment retention structure (SRS) was constructed to trap sediments in the upper basin. The SRS completely blocked upstream volitional passage, so a fish collection facility (FCF) was constructed to trap adult coho salmon (O. kisutch) and steelhead (O. mykiss) so they could be transported upstream of the SRS. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has operated a trap-and-haul program since 1989 to transport coho salmon and steelhead into tributaries of the Toutle River, upstream of the SRS. Although this program has allowed wild coho salmon and steelhead populations to persist in the Toutle River basin, the trap-andhaul program has faced many challenges that may be limiting the effectiveness of the program. We conducted a multi-year evaluation during 2005–2009 to monitor tagged fish in the upper Toutle River to provide information on the movements and behavior of adult coho salmon and steelhead, and to evaluate the efficacy of the FCF. Radio-tagged coho salmon and steelhead were released: (1) in Toutle River tributaries to evaluate the behavior and movements of fish released as part of the trap-and-haul program; (2) between the FCF and SRS to determine if volitional upstream passage through the SRS spillway was possible; (3) in the sediment plain upstream of the SRS to determine if volitional passage through the sediment plain was possible; and (4) downstream of the FCF to evaluate the efficacy of the structure. We also deployed an acoustic camera in the FCF to monitor fish movements near the entrance to the FCF, and in the fish holding vault where coho salmon and steelhead are trapped.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A total of 20 radio-tagged coho salmon and 10 radio-tagged steelhead were released into Alder and Hoffstadt Creeks, the locations where trap-and-haul fish were released during 2005–2006. None of the tagged fish left the tributaries where they were released, but four radio tags were detected near the release sites, and it was not possible to determine if this was because the transmitters were regurgitated, or if some of the tagged fish had died. The results from this portion of the study indicated that trap-and-haul fish remain in the tributaries where they can spawn, but the trap-and-haul process is labor-intensive, and handling stress and mortality could occur.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Tagged-fish releases upstream of the FCF showed that the SRS spillway was a complete migration barrier for all coho salmon and most steelhead. We released a total of 20 radio-tagged coho salmon and 23 radio-tagged steelhead during 2005–2007. No tagged coho salmon passed upstream through the SRS spillway, whereas 13 percent of the radio-tagged steelhead did migrate upstream through the structure. Radio-tagged coho salmon and steelhead that did not pass upstream remained in the FCF–SRS reach for an average of 7.5 and 16.1 d, respectively, before moving downstream. These data show that trap-and-haul releases of fish immediately upstream of the FCF would not be beneficial to coho salmon and steelhead populations in the system.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Releasing tagged fish into the sediment plain was only moderately successful for coho salmon,\nbut a large percentage of tagged steelhead moved upstream through the sediment plain to areas where\nspawning could presumably occur. During 2005–2009, we released 47 tagged coho salmon and 65\ntagged steelhead into the sediment plain. Only 28 percent of the coho salmon were later detected\nupstream of the sediment plain, and the highest percentage of the release group (62 percent) never left\nthe sediment plain. However, 69 percent of the steelhead moved upstream through the sediment plain\nand entered Toutle River tributaries or remained in the mainstem Toutle River where spawning could\npresumably occur. Adult steelhead can survive freshwater spawning, outmigrate to the ocean, and then\nreturn to spawn in successive years; 12 percent of the tagged steelhead successfully moved downstream\nof the FCF after the spawning period, and 5 percent of the tagged steelhead returned to the FCF a year\nafter they were originally tagged.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Evaluations at the FCF showed that the structure was not efficient at collecting adult salmon.\nDuring 2008–2009, 9 radio-tagged coho salmon and 11 radio-tagged steelhead were released to observe\nbehavior near the facility and to estimate the recapture rate in the FCF. None of the tagged coho salmon\nwere recaptured and only 27 percent of the tagged steelhead were recaptured. Additionally, we observed\nfish behavior at the FCF with an acoustic camera and found that relatively large numbers (>100\nfish/sampling period) of adult salmon entered the FCF but similar numbers of fish exited during these\nperiods as well. This suggested that the efficacy of the FCF was low.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Our study was limited by the number of fish that could be handled each year and the number of\ntransmitters that could be purchased annually, but our evaluations provided the first empirical data on\nadult salmon behavior and movement patterns in the Toutle River since the 1980 eruption of Mount St.\nHelens. Since the completion of this work, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has altered the SRS\nspillway and sediment plain; however, our results do provide information to assist fishery managers\ntasked with the complex management of wild salmon populations in the Toutle River. Future\nevaluations of juvenile and adult salmon behavior and movement likely will be required to effectively\nmanage these populations in this complex system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131290","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Kock, T.J., and Rondorf, D.W., 2013, Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1290, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131290.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050770","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131290.JPG"},{"id":280325,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1290/pdf/ofr2013-1290.pdf"},{"id":280324,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1290/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.385782,46.240798 ], [ -122.385782,46.28767 ], [ -122.182554,46.28767 ], [ -122.182554,46.240798 ], [ -122.385782,46.240798 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b0211ee4b0242fceec857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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