A water budget is an accounting of water movement into and out of, and storage change within, some control volume. Universal and adaptable are adjectives that reflect key features of water-budget methods for estimating recharge. The universal concept of mass conservation of water implies that water-budget methods are applicable over any space and time scales (Healy et al., 2007). The water budget of a soil column in a laboratory can be studied at scales of millimeters and seconds. A water-budget equation is also an integral component of atmospheric general circulation models used to predict global climates over periods of decades or more. Water-budget equations can be easily customized by adding or removing terms to accurately portray the peculiarities of any hydrologic system. The equations are generally not bound by assumptions on mechanisms by which water moves into, through, and out of the control volume of interest. So water-budget methods can be used to estimate both diffuse and focused recharge, and recharge estimates are unaffected by phenomena such as preferential flow paths within the unsaturated zone.
Water-budget methods represent the largest class of techniques for estimating recharge. Most hydrologic models are derived from a water-budget equation and can therefore be classified as water-budget models. It is not feasible to address all water-budget methods in a single chapter. This chapter is limited to discussion of the “residual” water-budget approach, whereby all variables in a water-budget equation, except for recharge, are independently measured or estimated and recharge is set equal to the residual. This chapter is closely linked with Chapter 3, on modeling methods, because the equations presented here form the basis of many models and because models are often used to estimate individual components in water-budget studies. Water budgets for streams and other surface-water bodies are addressed in Chapter 4. The use of soil-water budgets and lysimeters for determining potential recharge and evapotranspiration from changes in water storage is discussed in Chapter 5. Aquifer water-budget methods based on the measurement of groundwater levels are described in Chapter 6.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.003","isbn":"9780511780745","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Water-budget methods, chap. 2 of Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 15-42, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.003.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008545","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb71ee4b058f706e53f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037576,"text":"70037576 - 2010 - Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:11:07.466551","indexId":"70037576","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective","docAbstract":"We present an empirical estimate of maximum slip in continental normal-faulting earthquakes and present evidence that stress drop in intraplate extensional environments is dependent on fault maturity. A survey of reported slip in historical earthquakes globally and in latest Quaternary paleoearthquakes in the Western Cordillera of the United States indicates maximum vertical displacements as large as 6–6.5 m. A difference in the ratio of maximum-to-mean displacements between data sets of prehistoric and historical earthquakes, together with constraints on bias in estimates of mean paleodisplacement, suggest that applying a correction factor of 1.4±0.3 to the largest observed displacement along a paleorupture may provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum displacement. Adjusting the largest paleodisplacements in our regional data set (∼6 m) by a factor of 1.4 yields a possible upper-bound vertical displacement for the Western Cordillera of about 8.4 m, although a smaller correction factor may be more appropriate for the longest ruptures. Because maximum slip is highly localized along strike, if such large displacements occur, they are extremely rare.
Static stress drop in surface-rupturing earthquakes in the Western Cordillera, as represented by maximum reported displacement as a fraction of modeled rupture length, appears to be larger on normal faults with low cumulative geologic displacement (<2 km) and larger in regions such as the Rocky Mountains, where immature, low-throw faults are concentrated. This conclusion is consistent with a growing recognition that structural development influences stress drop and indicates that this influence is significant enough to be evident among faults within a single intraplate environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120090356","usgsCitation":"Hecker, S., Dawson, T.E., and Schwartz, D.P., 2010, Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 6, p. 3130-3147, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090356.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3130","endPage":"3147","ipdsId":"IP-011112","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67c3e4b0c8380cd7349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecker, Suzanne 0000-0002-5054-372X shecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":3553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"Suzanne","email":"shecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, T. E.","contributorId":84537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146187,"text":"70146187 - 2010 - Three-dimensional benchmark for variable-density flow and transport simulation: matching semi-analytic stability modes for steady unstable convection in an inclined porous box","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:52:46","indexId":"70146187","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional benchmark for variable-density flow and transport simulation: matching semi-analytic stability modes for steady unstable convection in an inclined porous box","docAbstract":"This benchmark for three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulators of variable-density groundwater flow and solute or energy transport consists of matching simulation results with the semi-analytical solution for the transition from one steady-state convective mode to another in a porous box. Previous experimental and analytical studies of natural convective flow in an inclined porous layer have shown that there are a variety of convective modes possible depending on system parameters, geometry and inclination. In particular, there is a well-defined transition from the helicoidal mode consisting of downslope longitudinal rolls superimposed upon an upslope unicellular roll to a mode consisting of purely an upslope unicellular roll. Three-dimensional benchmarks for variable-density simulators are currently (2009) lacking and comparison of simulation results with this transition locus provides an unambiguous means to test the ability of such simulators to represent steady-state unstable 3D variable-density physics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0556-6","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., Simmons, C.T., and Robinson, N.I., 2010, Three-dimensional benchmark for variable-density flow and transport simulation: matching semi-analytic stability modes for steady unstable convection in an inclined porous box: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 1, p. 5-23, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0556-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015037","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a30e4b0b22a157fa0af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, Craig T.","contributorId":71889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmons","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13412,"text":"Flinders University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Robinson, Neville I.","contributorId":140205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Neville","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":13412,"text":"Flinders University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70037577,"text":"70037577 - 2010 - Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T10:56:24","indexId":"70037577","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Seafloor pockmarks occur worldwide and may represent millions of m3 of continental shelf erosion, but few numerical analyses of their morphology and spatial distribution of pockmarks exist. We introduce a quantitative definition of pockmark morphology and, based on this definition, propose a three-step geomorphometric method to identify and extract pockmarks from high-resolution swath bathymetry. We apply this GIS-implemented approach to 25 km2 of bathymetry collected in the Belfast Bay, Maine USA pockmark field. Our model extracted 1767 pockmarks and found a linear pockmark depth-to-diameter ratio for pockmarks field-wide. Mean pockmark depth is 7.6 m and mean diameter is 84.8 m. Pockmark distribution is non-random, and nearly half of the field's pockmarks occur in chains. The most prominent chains are oriented semi-normal to the steepest gradient in Holocene sediment thickness. A descriptive model yields field-wide spatial statistics indicating that pockmarks are distributed in non-random clusters. Results enable quantitative comparison of pockmarks in fields worldwide as well as similar concave features, such as impact craters, dolines, or salt pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.009","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Andrews, B., Brothers, L.L., and Barnhardt, W., 2010, Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Geomorphology, v. 124, no. 1-2, p. 55-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-019314","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475860,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4169","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438840,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90QQCOR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"High-resolution marine geophysical data collected by the USGS in the Belfast Bay, Maine pockmark field in 2006, 2008, and 2009."},{"id":246056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.009"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef4e4b0c8380cd4a071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. bandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":138513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. lbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":131142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A. wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":2474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","email":"wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037715,"text":"70037715 - 2010 - Evaluation of Maryland abutment scour equation through selected threshold velocity methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"70037715","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Maryland abutment scour equation through selected threshold velocity methods","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Maryland State Highway Administration, used field measurements of scour to evaluate the sensitivity of the Maryland abutment scour equation to the critical (or threshold) velocity variable. Four selected methods for estimating threshold velocity were applied to the Maryland abutment scour equation, and the predicted scour to the field measurements were compared. Results indicated that performance of the Maryland abutment scour equation was sensitive to the threshold velocity with some threshold velocity methods producing better estimates of predicted scour than did others. In addition, results indicated that regional stream characteristics can affect the performance of the Maryland abutment scour equation with moderate-gradient streams performing differently from low-gradient streams. On the basis of the findings of the investigation, guidance for selecting threshold velocity methods for application to the Maryland abutment scour equation are provided, and limitations are noted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transportation Research Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3141/2195-16","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., 2010, Evaluation of Maryland abutment scour equation through selected threshold velocity methods: Transportation Research Record, no. 2195, p. 153-167, https://doi.org/10.3141/2195-16.","startPage":"153","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217929,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2195-16"},{"id":245902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"2195","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c19e4b0c8380cd52a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, S.T.","contributorId":97155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037580,"text":"70037580 - 2010 - Finite-difference modeling and dispersion analysis of high-frequency love waves for near-surface applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037580","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-difference modeling and dispersion analysis of high-frequency love waves for near-surface applications","docAbstract":"Love-wave propagation has been a topic of interest to crustal, earthquake, and engineering seismologists for many years because it is independent of Poisson's ratio and more sensitive to shear (S)-wave velocity changes and layer thickness changes than are Rayleigh waves. It is well known that Love-wave generation requires the existence of a low S-wave velocity layer in a multilayered earth model. In order to study numerically the propagation of Love waves in a layered earth model and dispersion characteristics for near-surface applications, we simulate high-frequency (>5 Hz) Love waves by the staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) method. The air-earth boundary (the shear stress above the free surface) is treated using the stress-imaging technique. We use a two-layer model to demonstrate the accuracy of the staggered-grid modeling scheme. We also simulate four-layer models including a low-velocity layer (LVL) or a high-velocity layer (HVL) to analyze dispersive energy characteristics for near-surface applications. Results demonstrate that: (1) the staggered-grid FD code and stress-imaging technique are suitable for treating the free-surface boundary conditions for Love-wave modeling, (2) Love-wave inversion should be treated with extra care when a LVL exists because of a lack of LVL information in dispersions aggravating uncertainties in the inversion procedure, and (3) energy of high modes in a low-frequency range is very weak, so that it is difficult to estimate the cutoff frequency accurately, and \"mode-crossing\" occurs between the second higher and third higher modes when a HVL exists. ?? 2010 Birkh??user / Springer Basel AG.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0144-7","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Xu, Y., Zeng, C., and Liu, J., 2010, Finite-difference modeling and dispersion analysis of high-frequency love waves for near-surface applications: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 167, no. 12, p. 1525-1536, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0144-7.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1536","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0144-7"}],"volume":"167","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a102ee4b0c8380cd53b75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037581,"text":"70037581 - 2010 - Occurrence and distribution of Indian primates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037581","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and distribution of Indian primates","docAbstract":"Global and regional species conservation efforts are hindered by poor distribution data and range maps. Many Indian primates face extinction, but assessments of population status are hindered by lack of reliable distribution data. We estimated the current occurrence and distribution of 15 Indian primates by applying occupancy models to field data from a country-wide survey of local experts. We modeled species occurrence in relation to ecological and social covariates (protected areas, landscape characteristics, and human influences), which we believe are critical to determining species occurrence in India. We found evidence that protected areas positively influence occurrence of seven species and for some species are their only refuge. We found evergreen forests to be more critical for some primates along with temperate and deciduous forests. Elevation negatively influenced occurrence of three species. Lower human population density was positively associated with occurrence of five species, and higher cultural tolerance was positively associated with occurrence of three species. We find that 11 primates occupy less than 15% of the total land area of India. Vulnerable primates with restricted ranges are Golden langur, Arunachal macaque, Pig-tailed macaque, stump-tailed macaque, Phayre's leaf monkey, Nilgiri langur and Lion-tailed macaque. Only Hanuman langur and rhesus macaque are widely distributed. We find occupancy modeling to be useful in determining species ranges, and in agreement with current species ranking and IUCN status. In landscapes where monitoring efforts require optimizing cost, effort and time, we used ecological and social covariates to reliably estimate species occurrence and focus species conservation efforts. ?? Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.011","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 2010, Occurrence and distribution of Indian primates: Biological Conservation, v. 143, no. 12, p. 2891-2899, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.011.","startPage":"2891","endPage":"2899","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218100,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.011"},{"id":246082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b30e4b0c8380cd7457c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K.K.","contributorId":65964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198182,"text":"70198182 - 2010 - Linking process to pattern: estimating spatiotemporal dynamics of a wildlife epidemic from cross‐sectional data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T16:23:16","indexId":"70198182","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking process to pattern: estimating spatiotemporal dynamics of a wildlife epidemic from cross‐sectional data","docAbstract":"Underlying dynamic event processes unfolding in continuous time give rise to spatiotemporal patterns that are sometimes observable at only a few discrete times. Such event processes may be modulated simultaneously over several spatial (e.g., latitude and longitude) and temporal (e.g., age, calendar time, and cohort) dimensions. The ecological challenge is to understand the dynamic latent processes that were integrated over several dimensions (space and time) to produce the observed pattern: a so‐called inverse problem. An example of such a problem is characterizing epidemiological rate processes from spatially referenced age‐specific prevalence data for a wildlife disease such as chronic wasting disease (CWD). With age‐specific prevalence data, the exact infection times are not observed, which complicates the direct estimation of rates. However, the relationship between the observed data and the unobserved rate variables can be described with likelihood equations. Typically, for problems with multiple timescales, the likelihoods are integral equations without closed forms. The complexity of the likelihoods often makes traditional maximum‐likelihood approaches untenable. Here, using seven years of hunter‐harvest prevalence data from the CWD epidemic in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Wisconsin, USA, we develop and explore a Bayesian approach that allows for a detailed examination of factors modulating the infection rates over space, age, and time, and their interactions. Our approach relies on the Bayesian ability to borrow strength from neighbors in both space and time. Synthesizing a number of areas of event time analysis (current‐status data, age/period/cohort models, Bayesian spatial shared frailty models), our general framework has very broad ecological applicability beyond disease prevalence data to a number of important ecological event time analyses, including general survival studies with multiple time dimensions for which existing methodology is limited. We observed strong associations of infection rates with age, gender, and location. The infection rate appears to be increasing with time. We could not detect growth hotspots, or location by time interactions, which suggests that spatial variation in infection rates is determined primarily by when the disease arrives locally, rather than how fast it grows. We emphasize assumptions and the potential consequences of their violations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-0052.1","usgsCitation":"Heisey, D.M., Osnas, E.E., Cross, P.C., Joly, D.O., Langenberg, J.A., and Miller, M.W., 2010, Linking process to pattern: estimating spatiotemporal dynamics of a wildlife epidemic from cross‐sectional data: Ecological Monographs, v. 80, no. 2, p. 221-240, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0052.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b7e1e4b0702d0e844f75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osnas, Erik E. 0000-0001-9528-0866 eosnas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9528-0866","contributorId":5586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osnas","given":"Erik","email":"eosnas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joly, Damien O.","contributorId":9392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joly","given":"Damien","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langenberg, Julia A.","contributorId":145418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langenberg","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16117,"text":"Wisconsin DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Michael W.","contributorId":140308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13449,"text":"Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037589,"text":"70037589 - 2010 - A 15 000-year record of climate change in northern New Mexico, USA, inferred from isotopic and elemental contents of bog sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T09:39:19","indexId":"70037589","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 15 000-year record of climate change in northern New Mexico, USA, inferred from isotopic and elemental contents of bog sediments","docAbstract":"Elemental (C, N, Pb) and isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) measurements of cored sediment from a small bog in northern New Mexico reveal changes in climate during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Abrupt increases in Pb concentration and δ13C values ca. 14 420 cal. YBP indicate significant runoff to the shallow lake that existed at that time. Weathering and transport of local volcanic rocks resulted in the delivery of Pb-bearing minerals to the basin, while a 13C-enriched terrestrial vegetation source increased the δ13C values of the sedimentary material. Wet conditions developed over a 300 a period and lasted for a few hundred years. The Younger Dryas period (ca. 12 700–11 500 cal. YBP) caused a reduction in terrestrial productivity reflected in decreasing C/N values, δ15N values consistently greater than 0‰ and low organic content. By contrast, aquatic productivity increased during the second half of this period, evidenced by increasing δ13C values at the time of highest abundance of algae. Dry conditions ca. 8 000–6 000 cal. YBP were characterised by low organic carbon content and high Pb concentrations, the latter suggesting enhanced erosion and aeolian transport of volcanic rock. The range in δ13C, δ15N and C/N values in the sedimentary record fall within the range of modern plants, except during the periods of runoff and drought. The sedimentary record provides evidence of natural climate variability in northern New Mexico, including short- (multi-centennial) and long-(millennial) term episodes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.1387","usgsCitation":"Cisneros-Dozal, L.M., Heikoop, J., Fessenden, J., Anderson, R., Meyers, P., Allen, C.D., Hess, M., Larson, T., Perkins, G., and Rearick, M., 2010, A 15 000-year record of climate change in northern New Mexico, USA, inferred from isotopic and elemental contents of bog sediments: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1001-1007, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1387.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1001","endPage":"1007","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1387","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2bfe4b0c8380cd45bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cisneros-Dozal, L. M.","contributorId":7099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cisneros-Dozal","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heikoop, J.M.","contributorId":29247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heikoop","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fessenden, J.","contributorId":73838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fessenden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyers, P.A.","contributorId":53527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hess, M.","contributorId":49997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Larson, T.","contributorId":68996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perkins, G.","contributorId":70627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rearick, M.","contributorId":17858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rearick","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037718,"text":"70037718 - 2010 - Detailed p- and s-wave velocity models along the LARSE II transect, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037718","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detailed p- and s-wave velocity models along the LARSE II transect, Southern California","docAbstract":"Structural details of the crust determined from P-wave velocity models can be improved with S-wave velocity models, and S-wave velocities are needed for model-based predictions of strong ground motion in southern California. We picked P- and S-wave travel times for refracted phases from explosive-source shots of the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment, Phase II (LARSE II); we developed refraction velocity models from these picks using two different inversion algorithms. For each inversion technique, we calculated ratios of P- to S-wave velocities (VP/VS) where there is coincident P- and S-wave ray coverage.We compare the two VP inverse velocity models to each other and to results from forward modeling, and we compare the VS inverse models. The VS and VP/VS models differ in structural details from the VP models. In particular, dipping, tabular zones of low VS, or high VP/VS, appear to define two fault zones in the central Transverse Ranges that could be parts of a positive flower structure to the San Andreas fault. These two zones are marginally resolved, but their presence in two independent models lends them some credibility. A plot of VS versus VP differs from recently published plots that are based on direct laboratory or down-hole sonic measurements. The difference in plots is most prominent in the range of VP = 3 to 5 km=s (or VS ~ 1:25 to 2:9 km/s), where our refraction VS is lower by a few tenths of a kilometer per second from VS based on direct measurements. Our new VS - VP curve may be useful for modeling the lower limit of VS from a VP model in calculating strong motions from scenario earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120090004","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Murphy, J., Fuis, G., Ryberg, T., Lutter, W.J., Catchings, R.D., and Goldman, M.R., 2010, Detailed p- and s-wave velocity models along the LARSE II transect, Southern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 6, p. 3194-3212, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090004.","startPage":"3194","endPage":"3212","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090004"},{"id":245927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff53e4b0c8380cd4f11f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70190382,"text":"70190382 - 2010 - Complexities in barrier island response to sea level rise: Insights from numerical model experiments, North Carolina Outer Banks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T10:15:02","indexId":"70190382","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexities in barrier island response to sea level rise: Insights from numerical model experiments, North Carolina Outer Banks","docAbstract":"Using a morphological-behavior model to conduct sensitivity experiments, we investigate the sea level rise response of a complex coastal environment to changes in a variety of factors. Experiments reveal that substrate composition, followed in rank order by substrate slope, sea level rise rate, and sediment supply rate, are the most important factors in determining barrier island response to sea level rise. We find that geomorphic threshold crossing, defined as a change in state (e.g., from landward migrating to drowning) that is irreversible over decadal to millennial time scales, is most likely to occur in muddy coastal systems where the combination of substrate composition, depth-dependent limitations on shoreface response rates, and substrate erodibility may prevent sand from being liberated rapidly enough, or in sufficient quantity, to maintain a subaerial barrier. Analyses indicate that factors affecting sediment availability such as low substrate sand proportions and high sediment loss rates cause a barrier to migrate landward along a trajectory having a lower slope than average barrier island slope, thereby defining an “effective” barrier island slope. Other factors being equal, such barriers will tend to be smaller and associated with a more deeply incised shoreface, thereby requiring less migration per sea level rise increment to liberate sufficient sand to maintain subaerial exposure than larger, less incised barriers. As a result, the evolution of larger/less incised barriers is more likely to be limited by shoreface erosion rates or substrate erodibility making them more prone to disintegration related to increasing sea level rise rates than smaller/more incised barriers. Thus, the small/deeply incised North Carolina barriers are likely to persist in the near term (although their long-term fate is less certain because of the low substrate slopes that will soon be encountered). In aggregate, results point to the importance of system history (e.g., previous slopes, sediment budgets, etc.) in determining migration trajectories and therefore how a barrier island will respond to sea level rise. Although simple analytical calculations may predict barrier response in simplified coastal environments (e.g., constant slope, constant sea level rise rate, etc.), our model experiments demonstrate that morphological-behavior modeling is necessary to provide critical insights regarding changes that may occur in environments having complex geometries, especially when multiple parameters change simultaneously.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009JF001299","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., List, J., Williams, S.J., and Stolper, D., 2010, Complexities in barrier island response to sea level rise: Insights from numerical model experiments, North Carolina Outer Banks: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 115, no. F3, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001299.","productDescription":"27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-016230","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001299","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"North Carolina Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -74.6246337890625,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -74.6246337890625,\n 35.60148556537354\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 35.60148556537354\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 35.191766965947394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"F3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a67d42e4b0fd9b77ce47bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Laura J.","contributorId":39452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":127596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolper, David","contributorId":195974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolper","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037583,"text":"70037583 - 2010 - Predicting species distributions from checklist data using site-occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70037583","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting species distributions from checklist data using site-occupancy models","docAbstract":"Aim: (1) To increase awareness of the challenges induced by imperfect detection, which is a fundamental issue in species distribution modelling; (2) to emphasize the value of replicate observations for species distribution modelling; and (3) to show how 'cheap' checklist data in faunal/floral databases may be used for the rigorous modelling of distributions by site-occupancy models. Location: Switzerland. Methods: We used checklist data collected by volunteers during 1999 and 2000 to analyse the distribution of the blue hawker, Aeshna cyanea (Odonata, Aeshnidae), a common dragonfly in Switzerland. We used data from repeated visits to 1-ha pixels to derive 'detection histories' and apply site-occupancy models to estimate the 'true' species distribution, i.e. corrected for imperfect detection. We modelled blue hawker distribution as a function of elevation and year and its detection probability of elevation, year and season. Results: The best model contained cubic polynomial elevation effects for distribution and quadratic effects of elevation and season for detectability. We compared the site-occupancy model with a conventional distribution model based on a generalized linear model, which assumes perfect detectability (p = 1). The conventional distribution map looked very different from the distribution map obtained using site-occupancy models that accounted for the imperfect detection. The conventional model underestimated the species distribution by 60%, and the slope parameters of the occurrence-elevation relationship were also underestimated when assuming p = 1. Elevation was not only an important predictor of blue hawker occurrence, but also of the detection probability, with a bell-shaped relationship. Furthermore, detectability increased over the season. The average detection probability was estimated at only 0.19 per survey. Main conclusions: Conventional species distribution models do not model species distributions per se but rather the apparent distribution, i.e. an unknown proportion of species distributions. That unknown proportion is equivalent to detectability. Imperfect detection in conventional species distribution models yields underestimates of the extent of distributions and covariate effects that are biased towards zero. In addition, patterns in detectability will erroneously be ascribed to species distributions. In contrast, site-occupancy models applied to replicated detection/non-detection data offer a powerful framework for making inferences about species distributions corrected for imperfect detection. The use of 'cheap' checklist data greatly enhances the scope of applications of this useful class of models. ?? 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02345.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., Gardner, B., and Monnerat, C., 2010, Predicting species distributions from checklist data using site-occupancy models: Journal of Biogeography, v. 37, no. 10, p. 1851-1862, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02345.x.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1862","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475807,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02345.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02345.x"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81cae4b0c8380cd7b723","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, B.","contributorId":26793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monnerat, C.","contributorId":66945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monnerat","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034216,"text":"70034216 - 2010 - Summer spatial patterning of chukars in relation to free water in Western Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034216","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer spatial patterning of chukars in relation to free water in Western Utah","docAbstract":"Free water is considered important to wildlife in arid regions. In the western United States, thousands of water developments have been built to benefit wildlife in arid landscapes. Agencies and researchers have yet to clearly demonstrate their effectiveness. We combined a spatial analysis of summer chukar (Alectoris chukar) covey locations with dietary composition analysis in western Utah. Our specific objectives were to determine if chukars showed a spatial pattern that suggested association with free water in four study areas and to document summer dietary moisture content in relation to average distance from water. The observed data for the Cedar Mountains study area fell within the middle of the random mean distance to water distribution suggesting no association with free water. The observed mean distance to water for the other three areas was much closer than expected compared to a random spatial process, suggesting the importance of free water to these populations. Dietary moisture content of chukar food items from the Cedar Mountains (59%) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of birds from Box Elder (44%) and Keg-Dugway (44%). Water developments on the Cedar Mountains are likely ineffective for chukars. Spatial patterns on the other areas, however, suggest association with free water and our results demonstrate the need for site-specific considerations. Researchers should be aware of the potential to satisfy water demand with pre-formed and metabolic water for a variety of species in studies that address the effects of wildlife water developments. We encourage incorporation of spatial structure in model error components in future ecological research. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-009-9407-z","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Larsen, R., Bissonette, J., Flinders, J., Hooten, M., and Wilson, T., 2010, Summer spatial patterning of chukars in relation to free water in Western Utah: Landscape Ecology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 135-145, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9407-z.","startPage":"135","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9407-z"},{"id":244518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f43e4b08c986b31e458","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, R.T.","contributorId":6693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, J.A.","contributorId":21498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flinders, J.T.","contributorId":43703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinders","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, T.L.","contributorId":78561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033829,"text":"70033829 - 2010 - Origin and extent of fresh paleowaters on the Atlantic continental shelf, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T12:35:45","indexId":"70033829","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and extent of fresh paleowaters on the Atlantic continental shelf, USA","docAbstract":"While the existence of relatively fresh groundwater sequestered within permeable, porous sediments beneath the Atlantic continental shelf of North and South America has been known for some time, these waters have never been assessed as a potential resource. This fresh water was likely emplaced during Pleistocene sea-level low stands when the shelf was exposed to meteoric recharge and by elevated recharge in areas overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet at high latitudes. To test this hypothesis, we present results from a high-resolution paleohydrologic model of groundwater flow, heat and solute transport, ice sheet loading, and sea level fluctuations for the continental shelf from New Jersey to Maine over the last 2 million years. Our analysis suggests that the presence of fresh to brackish water within shallow Miocene sands more than 100 km offshore of New Jersey was facilitated by discharge of submarine springs along Baltimore and Hudson Canyons where these shallow aquifers crop out. Recharge rates four times modern levels were computed for portions of New England's continental shelf that were overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet during the last glacial maximum. We estimate the volume of emplaced Pleistocene continental shelf fresh water (less than 1 ppt) to be 1300 km3 in New England. We also present estimates of continental shelf fresh water resources for the U.S. Atlantic eastern seaboard (104 km3) and passive margins globally (3 x 105 km3). The simulation results support the hypothesis that offshore fresh water is a potentially valuable, albeit nonrenewable resource for coastal megacities faced with growing water shortages.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00627.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Cohen, D., Person, M., Wang, P., Gable, C., Hutchinson, D., Marksamer, A., Dugan, B., Kooi, H., Groen, K., Lizarralde, D., Evans, R., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Lane, J.W., 2010, Origin and extent of fresh paleowaters on the Atlantic continental shelf, USA: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 1, p. 143-158, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00627.x.","productDescription":"16p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70b4e4b0c8380cd761b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, D.","contributorId":108299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, M.","contributorId":20876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, P.","contributorId":24967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gable, C.W.","contributorId":57674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gable","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutchinson, D.","contributorId":98883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marksamer, A.","contributorId":71401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marksamer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dugan, Brandon","contributorId":10213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kooi, H.","contributorId":83336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kooi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Groen, K.","contributorId":72215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lizarralde, D.","contributorId":43954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizarralde","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Evans, R.L.","contributorId":45862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70034211,"text":"70034211 - 2010 - A multiscale and multidisciplinary investigation of ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange over the rocky mountains of colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034211","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiscale and multidisciplinary investigation of ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange over the rocky mountains of colorado","docAbstract":"A field study combined with modeling investigation demonstrated that the organization of CO2 transport by mountain terrain strongly affects the regional CO2 budget. Atmospheric dynamics can lead to complicated flows generated by inhomogeneous landscapes, topography or synoptic weather systems. The field campaign conducted of a ground deployment, the Carbon in the Mountain Experiment (CME04), and an aircraft deployment of the national Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130, the Airborne Carbon in the Mountains Experiment (ACME04) over the period of spring to fall of 2004 to cover the seasonal variation of ecosystem-atmosphere carbon exchange. The role of the mountain circulation in CO2 transport can be played over seemingly flat terrain by mesoscale flows generated by various physical processes. The three dimensional observation strategy considered can also be applied over flat terrain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2009BAMS2733.1","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Oncley, S., Burns, S.P., Stephens, B., Lenschow, D., Campos, T., Monson, R.K., Schimel, D.S., Sacks, W., De Wekker, S.F., Lai, C., Lamb, B., Ojima, D., Ellsworth, P., Sternberg, L., Zhong, S., Clements, C., Moore, D., Anderson, D., Watt, A., Hu, J., Tschudi, M., Aulenbach, S., Allwine, E., and Coons, T., 2010, A multiscale and multidisciplinary investigation of ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange over the rocky mountains of colorado: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 91, no. 2, p. 209-230, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2733.1.","startPage":"209","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475801,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2009bams2733.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2733.1"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48fe4b0c8380cd46718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oncley, S.P.","contributorId":13416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oncley","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Sean P.","contributorId":98921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephens, B.B.","contributorId":100883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lenschow, D.H.","contributorId":63614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenschow","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campos, T.","contributorId":55665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campos","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monson, Russell K.","contributorId":48136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schimel, D. 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Six plausible hydrofacies configurations were determined using categorized drill core and wetland survey data processed through the TPROGS geostatistical package. A base case homogeneous model was also constructed for comparison. River loss was simulated for low, moderate, and high Rio Grande stages and several different riverside drain stage configurations. Heterogeneity effects were quantified by determining the mean and variance of the K field for each realization compared to the root-mean-square (RMS) error of the observed groundwater head data. Simulation results showed that the heterogeneous models produced smaller estimates of loss than the homogeneous approximation. Differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous model results indicate that the use of a homogeneous K in a regional-scale model may result in an overestimation of loss but comparable RMS error. We find that the simulated river loss is dependent on the aquifer structure and is most sensitive to the volumetric proportion of fines within the river channel. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009WR007903","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Engdahl, N., Vogler, E.T., and Weissmann, G., 2010, Evaluation of aquifer heterogeneity effects on river flow loss using a transition probability framework: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR007903.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475911,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr007903","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009WR007903"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c48e4b0c8380cd52af1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engdahl, N.B.","contributorId":22977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogler, E. T.","contributorId":55220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weissmann, G.S.","contributorId":50927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weissmann","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034445,"text":"70034445 - 2010 - Functional response models to estimate feeding rates of wading birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70034445","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional response models to estimate feeding rates of wading birds","docAbstract":"Forager (predator) abundance may mediate feeding rates in wading birds. Yet, when modeled, feeding rates are typically derived from the purely prey-dependent Holling Type II (HoII) functional response model. Estimates of feeding rates are necessary to evaluate wading bird foraging strategies and their role in food webs; thus, models that incorporate predator dependence warrant consideration. Here, data collected in a mangrove swamp in Puerto Rico in 1994 were reanalyzed, reporting feeding rates for mixed-species flocks after comparing fits of the HoII model, as used in the original work, to the Beddington-DeAngelis (BD) and Crowley-Martin (CM) predator-dependent models. Model CM received most support (AIC c wi = 0.44), but models BD and HoII were plausible alternatives (AIC c ??? 2). Results suggested that feeding rates were constrained by predator abundance. Reductions in rates were attributed to interference, which was consistent with the independently observed increase in aggression as flock size increased (P < 0.05). Substantial discrepancies between the CM and HoII models were possible depending on flock sizes used to model feeding rates. However, inferences derived from the HoII model, as used in the original work, were sound. While Holling's Type II and other purely prey-dependent models have fostered advances in wading bird foraging ecology, evaluating models that incorporate predator dependence could lead to a more adequate description of data and processes of interest. The mechanistic bases used to derive models used here lead to biologically interpretable results and advance understanding of wading bird foraging ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.033.0104","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Collazo, J., Gilliam, J., and Miranda-Castro, L., 2010, Functional response models to estimate feeding rates of wading birds: Waterbirds, v. 33, no. 1, p. 33-40, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0104.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475864,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216774,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0104"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1415e4b0c8380cd548ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collazo, J.A.","contributorId":35039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliam, J.F.","contributorId":58495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliam","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miranda-Castro, L.","contributorId":92080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda-Castro","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034002,"text":"70034002 - 2010 - Nearshore concentration of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae in northern Florida bay in relation to nocturnal flood tide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034002","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearshore concentration of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae in northern Florida bay in relation to nocturnal flood tide","docAbstract":"We address the question of whether the low abundance of juvenile pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) in northern-central Florida Bay results from (i) limiting environmental conditions, (ii) a reduced postlarval transport, or (iii) both. To explore this question, postlarvae were collected during the new moon in both summer and fall of 2004 and 2005 at six stations located on a transect from the bay's western margin to its interior. The highest concentrations of postlarvae occurred at two mid-transect stations located in shallow channels with moderate tidal amplitudes (15-20 cm) and dense seagrass beds. At the two interiormost stations postlarval concentrations decreased together with a reduction of the tidal amplitude (= 1 cm). Estimates of the cumulative flood-tide displacement with the semidiurnal M2 constituent indicated that the tide moves a maximum of 15 km in four nights, a distance that corresponds to the location of the highest concentrations of postlarvae. The size of postlarvae also reached a maximum at the location of the highest concentrations of postlarvae. Results suggest that postlarvae move into the bay's interior by a cumulative flood tidal process, advancing onshore during successive nights as far as they can go with the tide. Analyses indicate that, in addition to the tidal amplitude, cross-shelf wind stress and salinity also affect the concentrations of postlarvae. Peaks of postlarvae occurred at times of low salinity and strong southeasterly winds. While tidal transport appears to be insufficient for postlarvae to reach Florida Bay's interior, salinity and winds may also contribute to the observed distribution patterns of early pink shrimp recruits. ?? 2010 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Criales, M.M., Robblee, M., Browder, J.A., Cardenas, H., and Jackson, T.L., 2010, Nearshore concentration of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae in northern Florida bay in relation to nocturnal flood tide: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 86, no. 1, p. 53-74.","startPage":"53","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6413e4b0c8380cd72875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criales, Maria M.","contributorId":69330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Criales","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12565,"text":"Rosenstiel School of Atomospheric Science, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robblee, M. B.","contributorId":23879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browder, Joan A.","contributorId":7439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browder","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cardenas, H.","contributorId":11411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardenas","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, Thomas L.","contributorId":93667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035237,"text":"70035237 - 2010 - Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T10:33:16","indexId":"70035237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland","docAbstract":"Redistribution of largely organic sediment from low elevation sloughs to higher elevation ridges is a leading hypothesis for the formation and maintenance of the native ridge and slough landscape pattern found in peat wetlands of the Florida Everglades. We tested this redistribution hypothesis by measuring the concentration and characteristics of suspended sediment and its associated nutrients in the flowpaths of adjacent ridge and slough plant communities. Over two wet seasons we found no sustained differences in suspended sediment mass concentrations, particle-associated P and N concentrations, or sizes of suspended particles between ridge and slough sites. Discharge of suspended sediment, particulate nutrients, and solutes were nearly double in the slough flowpath compared to the ridge flowpath due solely to deeper and faster water flow in sloughs. Spatial and temporal variations in suspended sediment were not related to water velocity, consistent with a hypothesis that the critical sheer stress causing entrainment is not commonly exceeded in the present-day managed Everglades. The uniformity in the concentrations and characteristics of suspended sediment at our research site suggests that sediment and particulate nutrient redistribution between ridges and sloughs does not occur, or rarely occurs, in the modern Everglades.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"http://www.springer.com","doi":"10.1007/s13157-009-0002-5","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Noe, G., Harvey, J., Schaffranek, R., and Larsen, L., 2010, Controls of suspended sediment concentration, nutrient content, and transport in a subtropical wetland: Wetlands, v. 30, no. 1, p. 39-54, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-009-0002-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215246,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-009-0002-5"},{"id":243036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5205,24.851 ], [ -81.5205,25.8915 ], [ -80.3887,25.8915 ], [ -80.3887,24.851 ], [ -81.5205,24.851 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcce4b0c8380cd4df7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaffranek, R.W.","contributorId":61468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, L. G.","contributorId":50741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036337,"text":"70036337 - 2010 - Geochemical constraints on the origin and volume of gas in the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian), eastern Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T20:14:31","indexId":"70036337","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical constraints on the origin and volume of gas in the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian), eastern Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"This study involved analyses of kerogen petrography, gas desorption, geochemistry, microporosity, and mesoporosity of the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in the eastern part of the Illinois Basin. Specifically, detailed core analysis from two locations, one in Owen County, Indiana, and one in Pike County, Indiana, has been conducted. The gas content in the locations studied was primarily dependent on total organic carbon content and the micropore volume of the shales. Gas origin was assessed using stable isotope geochemistry. Measured and modeled vitrinite reflectance values were compared. Depth of burial and formation water salinity dictated different dominant origins of the gas in place in the two locations studied in detail. The shallower Owen County location (415-433 m [1362-1421 ft] deep) contained significant additions of microbial methane, whereas the Pike County location (832-860 m [2730-2822 ft] deep) was characterized exclusively by thermogenic gas. Despite differences in the gas origin, the total gas in both locations was similar, reaching up to 2.1 cm3/g (66 scf/ton). Lower thermogenic gas content in the shallower location (lower maturity and higher loss of gas related to uplift and leakage via relaxed fractures) was compensated for by the additional generation of microbial methane, which was stimulated by an influx of glacial melt water, inducing brine dilution and microbial inoculation. The characteristics of the shale of the Maquoketa Group (Ordovician) in the Pike County location are briefly discussed to provide a comparison to the New Albany Shale. Copyright ??2010. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/06301009197","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Strapoc, D., Mastalerz, M., Schimmelmann, A., Drobniak, A., and Hasenmueller, N., 2010, Geochemical constraints on the origin and volume of gas in the New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian), eastern Illinois Basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 94, no. 11, p. 1713-1740, https://doi.org/10.1306/06301009197.","startPage":"1713","endPage":"1740","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/06301009197"},{"id":246575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15f8e4b0c8380cd54fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strapoc, D.","contributorId":42693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strapoc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hasenmueller, N.R.","contributorId":89950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034122,"text":"70034122 - 2010 - Estimating black bear density using DNA data from hair snares","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034122","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating black bear density using DNA data from hair snares","docAbstract":"DNA-based mark-recapture has become a methodological cornerstone of research focused on bear species. The objective of such studies is often to estimate population size; however, doing so is frequently complicated by movement of individual bears. Movement affects the probability of detection and the assumption of closure of the population required in most models. To mitigate the bias caused by movement of individuals, population size and density estimates are often adjusted using ad hoc methods, including buffering the minimum polygon of the trapping array. We used a hierarchical, spatial capturerecapture model that contains explicit components for the spatial-point process that governs the distribution of individuals and their exposure to (via movement), and detection by, traps. We modeled detection probability as a function of each individual's distance to the trap and an indicator variable for previous capture to account for possible behavioral responses. We applied our model to a 2006 hair-snare study of a black bear (Ursus americanus) population in northern New York, USA. Based on the microsatellite marker analysis of collected hair samples, 47 individuals were identified. We estimated mean density at 0.20 bears/km2. A positive estimate of the indicator variable suggests that bears are attracted to baited sites; therefore, including a trap-dependence covariate is important when using bait to attract individuals. Bayesian analysis of the model was implemented in WinBUGS, and we provide the model specification. The model can be applied to any spatially organized trapping array (hair snares, camera traps, mist nests, etc.) to estimate density and can also account for heterogeneity and covariate information at the trap or individual level. ?? The Wildlife Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2009-101","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Gardner, B., Royle, J., Wegan, M., Rainbolt, R., and Curtis, P.D., 2010, Estimating black bear density using DNA data from hair snares: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 2, p. 318-325, https://doi.org/10.2193/2009-101.","startPage":"318","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216755,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2009-101"},{"id":244641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b0fe4b0c8380cd52548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, B.","contributorId":26793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegan, M.T.","contributorId":22883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegan","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rainbolt, R.E.","contributorId":19005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbolt","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curtis, Paul D.","contributorId":83633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034119,"text":"70034119 - 2010 - Vulnerability of deep groundwater in the Bengal Aquifer System to contamination by arsenic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034119","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of deep groundwater in the Bengal Aquifer System to contamination by arsenic","docAbstract":"Shallow groundwater, the primary water source in the Bengal Basin, contains up to 100 times the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking-water guideline of 10g l 1 arsenic (As), threatening the health of 70 million people. Groundwater from a depth greater than 150m, which almost uniformly meets the WHO guideline, has become the preferred alternative source. The vulnerability of deep wells to contamination by As is governed by the geometry of induced groundwater flow paths and the geochemical conditions encountered between the shallow and deep regions of the aquifer. Stratification of flow separates deep groundwater from shallow sources of As in some areas. Oxidized sediments also protect deep groundwater through the ability of ferric oxyhydroxides to adsorb As. Basin-scale groundwater flow modelling suggests that, over large regions, deep hand-pumped wells for domestic supply may be secure against As invasion for hundreds of years. By contrast, widespread deep irrigation pumping might effectively eliminate deep groundwater as an As-free resource within decades. Finer-scale models, incorporating spatial heterogeneity, are needed to investigate the security of deep municipal abstraction at specific urban locations. ?? 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo750","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Burgess, W., Hoque, M., Michael, H., Voss, C., Breit, G.N., and Ahmed, K., 2010, Vulnerability of deep groundwater in the Bengal Aquifer System to contamination by arsenic: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, no. 2, p. 83-87, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo750.","startPage":"83","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo750"},{"id":244576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc37ae4b08c986b32b1d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgess, W.G.","contributorId":24195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoque, M.A.","contributorId":67329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoque","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, H.A.","contributorId":98858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ahmed, K.M.","contributorId":48415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahmed","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034116,"text":"70034116 - 2010 - Ecosystem effects of environmental flows: Modelling and experimental floods in a dryland river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem effects of environmental flows: Modelling and experimental floods in a dryland river","docAbstract":"Successful environmental flow prescriptions require an accurate understanding of the linkages among flow events, geomorphic processes and biotic responses. We describe models and results from experimental flow releases associated with an environmental flow program on the Bill Williams River (BWR), Arizona, in arid to semiarid western U.S.A. Two general approaches for improving knowledge and predictions of ecological responses to environmental flows are: (1) coupling physical system models to ecological responses and (2) clarifying empirical relationships between flow and ecological responses through implementation and monitoring of experimental flow releases. We modelled the BWR physical system using: (1) a reservoir operations model to simulate reservoir releases and reservoir water levels and estimate flow through the river system under a range of scenarios, (2) one- and two-dimensional river hydraulics models to estimate stage-discharge relationships at the whole-river and local scales, respectively, and (3) a groundwater model to estimate surface- and groundwater interactions in a large, alluvial valley on the BWR where surface flow is frequently absent. An example of a coupled, hydrology-ecology model is the Ecosystems Function Model, which we used to link a one-dimensional hydraulic model with riparian tree seedling establishment requirements to produce spatially explicit predictions of seedling recruitment locations in a Geographic Information System. We also quantified the effects of small experimental floods on the differential mortality of native and exotic riparian trees, on beaver dam integrity and distribution, and on the dynamics of differentially flow-adapted benthic macroinvertebrate groups. Results of model applications and experimental flow releases are contributing to adaptive flow management on the BWR and to the development of regional environmental flow standards. General themes that emerged from our work include the importance of response thresholds, which are commonly driven by geomorphic thresholds or mediated by geomorphic processes, and the importance of spatial and temporal variation in the effects of flows on ecosystems, which can result from factors such as longitudinal complexity and ecohydrological feedbacks. ?? 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aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:50:46","indexId":"70032698","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing effects on apparent reaction rates and isotope fractionation during denitrification in a heterogeneous aquifer","docAbstract":"Gradients in contaminant concentrations and isotopic compositions commonly are used to derive reaction parameters for natural attenuation in aquifers. Differences between field‐scale (apparent) estimated reaction rates and isotopic fractionations and local‐scale (intrinsic) effects are poorly understood for complex natural systems. For a heterogeneous alluvial fan aquifer, numerical models and field observations were used to study the effects of physical heterogeneity on reaction parameter estimates. Field measurements included major ions, age tracers, stable isotopes, and dissolved gases. Parameters were estimated for the O2 reduction rate, denitrification rate, O2 threshold for denitrification, and stable N isotope fractionation during denitrification. For multiple geostatistical realizations of the aquifer, inverse modeling was used to establish reactive transport simulations that were consistent with field observations and served as a basis for numerical experiments to compare sample‐based estimates of “apparent” parameters with “true“ (intrinsic) values. For this aquifer, non‐Gaussian dispersion reduced the magnitudes of apparent reaction rates and isotope fractionations to a greater extent than Gaussian mixing alone. Apparent and true rate constants and fractionation parameters can differ by an order of magnitude or more, especially for samples subject to slow transport, long travel times, or rapid reactions. The effect of mixing on apparent N isotope fractionation potentially explains differences between previous laboratory and field estimates. Similarly, predicted effects on apparent O2threshold values for denitrification are consistent with previous reports of higher values in aquifers than in the laboratory. These results show that hydrogeological complexity substantially influences the interpretation and prediction of reactive transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008903","usgsCitation":"Green, C.T., Bohlke, J., Bekins, B.A., and Phillips, S.P., 2010, Mixing effects on apparent reaction rates and isotope fractionation during denitrification in a heterogeneous aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 8, Article W08525; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008903.","productDescription":"Article W08525; 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008903","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b86e4b0c8380cd6f5f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}