{"pageNumber":"821","pageRowStart":"20500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":85852,"text":"ofr20081239 - 2008 - Genetics Show Current Decline and Pleistocene Expansion in Northern Spotted Owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:24","indexId":"ofr20081239","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1239","title":"Genetics Show Current Decline and Pleistocene Expansion in Northern Spotted Owls","docAbstract":"The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is one of the most controversial threatened subspecies ever listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Because of concern for persistence of the subspecies, logging on Federal lands in the U.S. Pacific Northwest was dramatically reduced under the Northwest Forest Plan in 1994. Despite protection of its remaining forest habitat, recent field studies show continued demographic declines of northern spotted owls. One potential threat to northern spotted owls that has not yet been shown is loss of genetic variation from population bottlenecks that can increase inbreeding depression and decrease adaptive potential. Here, we show recent genetic bottlenecks in northern spotted owls using a large genetic dataset (352 individuals from across the subspecies' range and 11 microsatellite loci). The signature of bottlenecks was strongest in Washington State, in agreement with field data. Interestingly, we also found a genetic signature of Pleistocene expansion in the same study areas where recent bottlenecks were shown. Our results provide independent evidence that northern spotted owls have recently declined, and suggest that loss of genetic variation is an emerging threat to the subspecies' persistence. Reduced effective population size (Ne), shown here in addition to field evidence for demographic decline, highlights the increasing vulnerability of this bird to extinction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081239","usgsCitation":"Funk, W.C., Forsman, E.D., Mullins, T., and Haig, S.M., 2008, Genetics Show Current Decline and Pleistocene Expansion in Northern Spotted Owls: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1239, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081239.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, W. Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":97589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":6998,"text":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D.","contributorId":12819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85849,"text":"sir20085089 - 2008 - An Update of Hydrologic Conditions and Distribution of Selected Constituents in Water, Snake River Plain Aquifer and Perched-Water Zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, Emphasis 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20085089","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5089","title":"An Update of Hydrologic Conditions and Distribution of Selected Constituents in Water, Snake River Plain Aquifer and Perched-Water Zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, Emphasis 2002-05","docAbstract":"Radiochemical and chemical wastewater discharged since 1952 to infiltration ponds, evaporation ponds, and disposal wells at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has affected water quality in the Snake River Plain aquifer and perched-water zones underlying the INL. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, maintains ground-water monitoring networks at the INL to determine hydrologic trends, and to delineate the movement of radiochemical and chemical wastes in the aquifer and in perched-water zones. This report presents an analysis of water-level and water-quality data collected from aquifer and perched-water wells in the USGS ground-water monitoring networks during 2002-05. \r\n\r\nWater in the Snake River Plain aquifer primarily moves through fractures and interflow zones in basalt, generally flows southwestward, and eventually discharges at springs along the Snake River. The aquifer is recharged primarily from infiltration of irrigation water, infiltration of streamflow, ground-water inflow from adjoining mountain drainage basins, and infiltration of precipitation. \r\n\r\nFrom March-May 2001 to March-May 2005, water levels in wells declined throughout the INL area. The declines ranged from about 3 to 8 feet in the southwestern part of the INL, about 10 to 15 feet in the west central part of the INL, and about 6 to 11 feet in the northern part of the INL. Water levels in perched water wells declined also, with the water level dropping below the bottom of the pump in many wells during 2002-05.\r\n\r\nFor radionuclides, concentrations that equal 3s, wheres s is the sample standard deviation, represent a measurement at the minimum detectable concentration, or 'reporting level'. Detectable concentrations of radiochemical constituents in water samples from wells in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the INL generally decreased or remained constant during 2002-05. Decreases in concentrations were attributed to decreased rates of radioactive-waste disposal, radioactive decay, changes in waste-disposal methods, and dilution from recharge and underflow. In October 2005, reportable concentrations of tritium in ground water ranged from 0.51+or-0.12 to 11.5+or-0.6 picocuries per milliliter and the tritium plume extended south-southwestward in the general direction of ground-water flow. Tritium concentrations in water from several wells southwest of the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) decreased or remained constant as they had during 1998-2001, with the exception of well USGS 47, which increased a few picocuries per milliliter. Most wells completed in shallow perched water at the Reactor Technology Complex (RTC) were dry during 2002---05. Tritium concentrations in deep perched water exceeded the reporting level in nine wells at the RTC. The tritium concentration in water from one deep perched water well exceeded the reporting level at the INTEC. Concentrations of strontium-90 in water from 14 of 34 wells sampled during October 2005 exceeded the reporting level. Concentrations ranged from 2.2+or-0.7 to 33.1+or-1.2 picocuries per liter. However, concentrations from most wells remained relatively constant or decreased since 1989. Strontium-90 has not been detected within the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer beneath the RTC partly because of the exclusive use of waste-disposal ponds and lined evaporation ponds rather than the disposal well for radioactive-wastewater disposal at RTC. At the RTC, strontium-90 concentrations in water from six wells completed in deep perched ground water exceeded the reporting level during 2002-05. At the INTEC, the reporting level was exceeded in water from three wells completed in deep perched ground water. During 2002-05, concentrations of plutonium-238, and plutonium-239, -240 (undivided), and americium-241 were less than the reporting level in water samples from all wells sampled at the INL. During 2002-05, concentrations of cesium-137 in water from all wells sa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy DOE/ID-22203","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.C., 2008, An Update of Hydrologic Conditions and Distribution of Selected Constituents in Water, Snake River Plain Aquifer and Perched-Water Zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, Emphasis 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5089, x, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085089.","productDescription":"x, 75 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5089.jpg"},{"id":11590,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,43.25 ], [ -113.75,44.25 ], [ -112.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -113.75,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db686046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Linda C. lcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Linda","email":"lcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85851,"text":"sir20085059 - 2008 - Estimated Depth to Ground Water and Configuration of the Water Table in the Portland, Oregon Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20085059","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5059","title":"Estimated Depth to Ground Water and Configuration of the Water Table in the Portland, Oregon Area","docAbstract":"Reliable information on the configuration of the water table in the Portland metropolitan area is needed to address concerns about various water-resource issues, especially with regard to potential effects from stormwater injection systems such as UIC (underground injection control) systems that are either existing or planned. To help address these concerns, this report presents the estimated depth-to-water and water-table elevation maps for the Portland area, along with estimates of the relative uncertainty of the maps and seasonal water-table fluctuations.\r\n\r\nThe method of analysis used to determine the water-table configuration in the Portland area relied on water-level data from shallow wells and surface-water features that are representative of the water table. However, the largest source of available well data is water-level measurements in reports filed by well constructors at the time of new well installation, but these data frequently were not representative of static water-level conditions. Depth-to-water measurements reported in well-construction records generally were shallower than measurements by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the same or nearby wells, although many depth-to-water measurements were substantially deeper than USGS measurements. Magnitudes of differences in depth-to-water measurements reported in well records and those measured by the USGS in the same or nearby wells ranged from -119 to 156 feet with a mean of the absolute value of the differences of 36 feet. One possible cause for the differences is that water levels in many wells reported in well records were not at equilibrium at the time of measurement. As a result, the analysis of the water-table configuration relied on water levels measured during the current study or used in previous USGS investigations in the Portland area. Because of the scarcity of well data in some areas, the locations of select surface-water features including major rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, and springs representative of where the water table is at land surface were used to augment the analysis.\r\n\r\nGround-water and surface-water data were combined for use in interpolation of the water-table configuration. Interpolation of the two representations typically used to define water-table position - depth to the water table below land surface and elevation of the water table above a datum - can produce substantially different results and may represent the end members of a spectrum of possible interpolations largely determined by the quantity of recharge and the hydraulic properties of the aquifer. Datasets of depth-to-water and water-table elevation for the current study were interpolated independently based on kriging as the method of interpolation with parameters determined through the use of semivariograms developed individually for each dataset. Resulting interpolations were then combined to create a single, averaged representation of the water-table configuration. Kriging analysis also was used to develop a map of relative uncertainty associated with the values of the water-table position. \r\n\r\nAccuracy of the depth-to-water and water-table elevation maps is dependent on various factors and assumptions pertaining to the data, the method of interpolation, and the hydrogeologic conditions of the surficial aquifers in the study area. Although the water-table configuration maps generally are representative of the conditions in the study area, the actual position of the water-table may differ from the estimated position at site-specific locations, and short-term, seasonal, and long-term variations in the differences also can be expected. The relative uncertainty map addresses some but not all possible errors associated with the analysis of the water-table configuration and does not depict all sources of uncertainty.\r\n\r\nDepth to water greater than 300 feet in the Portland area is limited to parts of the Tualatin Mountains, the foothills of the Cascade Range, and muc","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Portland, the City of Gresham, Clackamas County's Water Environment Services, and Multnomah County","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2008, Estimated Depth to Ground Water and Configuration of the Water Table in the Portland, Oregon Area: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5059, viii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085059.","productDescription":"viii, 41 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11592,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.08333333333333,45.25 ], [ -123.08333333333333,46 ], [ -122,46 ], [ -122,45.25 ], [ -123.08333333333333,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdaf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85847,"text":"fs20083059 - 2008 - Streamflow characteristics of streams in the Helmand Basin, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:30:09","indexId":"fs20083059","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3059","title":"Streamflow characteristics of streams in the Helmand Basin, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"A majority of the Afghan population lacks adequate and safe supplies of water because of contamination, lack of water-resources management regulation, and lack of basic infrastructure, compounded by periods of drought and seasonal flooding. Characteristics of historical streamflows are needed to assist with efforts to quantify the water resources of the Helmand Basin.\r\n\r\nThe Helmand Basin is the largest river basin in Afghanistan. It comprises the southern half of the country, draining waters from the Sia Koh Mountains in Herat Province to the eastern mountains in Gardez Province (currently known as the Paktia Province) and the Parwan Mountains northwest of Kabul, and finally draining into the unique Sistan depression between Iran and Afghanistan (Favre and Kamal, 2004). The Helmand Basin is a desert environment with rivers fed by melting snow from the high mountains and infrequent storms. Great fluctuations in streamflow, from flood to drought, can occur annually.\r\n\r\nKnowledge of the magnitude and time distribution of streamflow is needed to quantify water resources and for water management and environmental planning. Agencies responsible for the development and management of Afghanistan's surface-water resources can use this knowledge for making safe, economical, and environmentally sound water-resource planning decisions. To provide the Afghan managers with necessary streamflow information, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), computed streamflow statistics for data collected at historical gaging stations within the Helmand Basin. The historical gaging stations used are shown in figure 1 and listed in table 1.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083059","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., 2008, Streamflow characteristics of streams in the Helmand Basin, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3059, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083059.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3059.jpg"},{"id":11588,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Helmand Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60,30 ], [ 60,36 ], [ 70,36 ], [ 70,30 ], [ 60,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara","contributorId":57846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85844,"text":"ofr20081169 - 2008 - Digital elevation models of the Pre-Eruption 2000 Crater and 2004-07 Dome-Building Eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:01:12","indexId":"ofr20081169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1169","title":"Digital elevation models of the Pre-Eruption 2000 Crater and 2004-07 Dome-Building Eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Presented in this report are 27 digital elevation model (DEM) datasets for the crater area of Mount St. Helens. These datasets include pre-eruption baseline data collected in 2000, incremental model subsets collected during the 2004–07 dome building eruption, and associated shaded-relief image datasets. Each dataset was collected photogrammetrically with digital softcopy methods employing a combination of manual collection and iterative compilation of x,y,z coordinate triplets utilizing autocorrelation techniques. DEM data points collected using autocorrelation methods were rigorously edited in stereo and manually corrected to ensure conformity with the ground surface. Data were first collected as a triangulated irregular network (TIN) then interpolated to a grid format. DEM data are based on aerotriangulated photogrammetric solutions for aerial photograph strips flown at a nominal scale of 1:12,000 using a combination of surveyed ground control and photograph-identified control points. The 2000 DEM is based on aerotriangulation of four strips totaling 31 photographs. Subsequent DEMs collected during the course of the eruption are based on aerotriangulation of single aerial photograph strips consisting of between three and seven 1:12,000-scale photographs (two to six stereo pairs). Most datasets were based on three or four stereo pairs. Photogrammetric errors associated with each dataset are presented along with ground control used in the photogrammetric aerotriangulation. The temporal increase in area of deformation in the crater as a result of dome growth, deformation, and translation of glacial ice resulted in continual adoption of new ground control points and abandonment of others during the course of the eruption. Additionally, seasonal snow cover precluded the consistent use of some ground control points.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081169","usgsCitation":"Messerich, J.A., Schilling, S.P., and Thompson, R.A., 2008, Digital elevation models of the Pre-Eruption 2000 Crater and 2004-07 Dome-Building Eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1169, Report: 4 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081169.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11583,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1169/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362267,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1169/downloads/OF08-1169_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":362268,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1169/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.0833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messerich, James A. jmesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":2535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messerich","given":"James","email":"jmesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85845,"text":"ofr20081224 - 2008 - Vegetation Types in Coastal Louisiana in 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-04T14:15:45","indexId":"ofr20081224","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1224","title":"Vegetation Types in Coastal Louisiana in 2007","docAbstract":"During the summer and fall of 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Fur and Refuge Division jointly completed an aerial survey to collect data on 2007 vegetation types in coastal Louisiana. The current map presents the data collected in this effort. The 2007 aerial survey was conducted by using techniques developed over the last thirty years while conducting similar vegetation surveys.\n     Transects flown were oriented in a north-south direction and spaced 1.87 mi (3 km) apart and covered coastal marshes from the Texas State line to the Mississippi State line and from the northern extent of fresh marshes to the southern end of saline (saltwater) marshes on the beaches of the Gulf of Mexico or of coastal bays. Navigation along these transects and to each sampling site was accomplished by using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and geographic information system (GIS) software. As the surveyors reached each sampling station, observed areas of marsh were assigned as fresh, intermediate, brackish, or saline (saltwater) types, and dominant plant species were listed and ranked according to abundance. Delineations of marsh boundaries usually followed natural levees, bayous, or other features that impede or restrict water flow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Sasser, C.E., Visser, J.M., Mouton, E., Linscombe, J., and Hartley, S.B., 2008, Vegetation Types in Coastal Louisiana in 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1224, Map Sheet: 41 x 29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081224.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 41 x 29 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":265273,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1224/pdf/OFR2008-1224.pdf"}],"scale":"550000","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.04,28.9 ], [ -94.04,31.7 ], [ -88.81,31.7 ], [ -88.81,28.9 ], [ -94.04,28.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6027aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sasser, Charles E.","contributorId":86858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Visser, Jenneke M.","contributorId":90397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"Jenneke","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mouton, Edmond","contributorId":46634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouton","given":"Edmond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linscombe, Jeb","contributorId":17704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linscombe","given":"Jeb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartley, Steve B. 0000-0003-1380-2769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2769","contributorId":18065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":85846,"text":"sir20085003 - 2008 - Estimated Withdrawals from Stream-Valley Aquifers and Refined Estimated Withdrawals from Selected Aquifers in the United States, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"sir20085003","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5003","title":"Estimated Withdrawals from Stream-Valley Aquifers and Refined Estimated Withdrawals from Selected Aquifers in the United States, 2000","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Use Information Program compiles estimates of fresh ground-water withdrawals in the United States on a 5-year interval. In the year-2000 compilation, withdrawals were reported from principal aquifers and aquifer systems including two general aquifers - Alluvial and Other aquifers. Withdrawals from a widespread aquifer group - stream-valley aquifers - were not specifically identified in the year-2000 compilation, but they are important sources of ground water. Stream-valley aquifers are alluvial aquifers located in the valley of major streams and rivers. Stream-valley aquifers are long but narrow aquifers that are in direct hydraulic connection with associated streams and limited in extent compared to most principal aquifers.\r\n     Based in large part on information published in U.S. Geological Survey reports, preliminary analysis of withdrawal data and hydrogeologic and surface-water information indicated areas in the United States where possible stream-valley aquifers were located. Further assessment focused on 24 states and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Withdrawals reported from Alluvial aquifers in 16 states and withdrawals reported from Other aquifers in 6 states and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico were investigated. Two additional States - Arkansas and New Jersey - were investigated because withdrawals reported from other principal aquifers in these two States may be from stream-valley aquifers.\r\n     Withdrawals from stream-valley aquifers were identified in 20 States and were about 1,560 Mgal/d (million gallons per day), a rate comparable to withdrawals from the 10 most productive principal aquifers in the United States. Of the 1,560 Mgal/d of withdrawals attributed to stream-valley aquifers, 1,240 Mgal/d were disaggregated from Alluvial aquifers, 150 Mgal/d from glacial sand and gravel aquifers, 116 Mgal/d from Other aquifers, 28.1 Mgal/d from Pennsylvanian aquifers, and 24.9 Mgal/d from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. Five States, including Colorado (552 Mgal/d), Kansas (384 Mgal/d), Oklahoma (126 Mgal/d), Kentucky (102 Mgal/d), and Ohio (100 Mgal/d), accounted for 81 percent of estimated stream-valley aquifer withdrawals identified in this report. Of the total withdrawals from stream-valley aquifers, about 63 percent (984 Mgal/d) were used for irrigation, 26 percent (400 Mgal/d) for public-supply, and 11 percent (177 Mgal/d) for self-supplied industrial uses. The largest estimated water withdrawals were from stream-valley aquifers associated with the South Platte (404 Mgal/d), Arkansas (395 Mgal/d), and Ohio (221 Mgal/d) Rivers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085003","usgsCitation":"Sargent, B.P., Maupin, M.A., and Hinkle, S.R., 2008, Estimated Withdrawals from Stream-Valley Aquifers and Refined Estimated Withdrawals from Selected Aquifers in the United States, 2000 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5003, viii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085003.","productDescription":"viii, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11587,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a21c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargent, B. Pierre 0000-0002-3967-9036 psargent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-9036","contributorId":1228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"B.","email":"psargent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Pierre","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85842,"text":"ds337 - 2008 - Ground-water quality data in the Kern County Subbasin study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-09T11:25:52.999142","indexId":"ds337","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"337","title":"Ground-water quality data in the Kern County Subbasin study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 3,000 square-mile Kern County Subbasin study unit (KERN) was investigated from January to March, 2006, as part of the Priority Basin Assessment Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Assessment project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The Kern County Subbasin study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw (untreated) ground-water quality within KERN, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 50 wells within the San Joaquin Valley portion of Kern County. Forty-seven of the wells were selected using a randomized grid-based method to provide a statistical representation of the ground-water resources within the study unit. Three additional wells were sampled to aid in the evaluation of changes in water chemistry along regional ground-water flow paths. The ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of man-made organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], pesticides, and pesticide degradates), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon) and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water. Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and laboratory matrix spikes) were collected and analyzed at approximately 10 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data from the ground-water samples. Assessment of the quality-control information resulted in censoring of less than 0.4 percent of the data collected for ground-water samples. This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, raw ground water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply, not to the raw ground water, but to treated water that is served to the consumer. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and as well as with thresholds established for aesthetic concerns (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH. VOCs and pesticides each were detected in approximately 60 percent of the grid wells, and detections of all compounds but one were below health-based thresholds. The fumigant, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), was detected above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) in one sample. Detections of most inorganic constituents were also below health-based thresholds. Constituents detected above health-based thresholds include: nitrate, (MCL-US, 2 samples), arsenic (MCL-US, 2 samples), and vanadium (California notification level, NL-CA, 1 sample). All detections of radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds, although nine samples had activities of radon-222 above the lower proposed MCL-US. Most of the samples from KERN wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds337","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Pimentel, I., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2008, Ground-water quality data in the Kern County Subbasin study unit, 2006— Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 337, x, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds337.","productDescription":"x, 75 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/337/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388954,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84085.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County Subbasin study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.5719,\n              35.9333\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1542,\n              35.9333\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1542,\n              36.7944\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5719,\n              36.7944\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5719,\n              35.9333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pimentel, Isabel","contributorId":107388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimentel","given":"Isabel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85839,"text":"ds264 - 2008 - 2006 Compilation of Alaska gravity data and historical reports","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-20T14:33:29.674364","indexId":"ds264","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"264","displayTitle":"2006 Compilation of Alaska Gravity Data and Historical Reports","title":"2006 Compilation of Alaska gravity data and historical reports","docAbstract":"Gravity anomalies provide fundamental geophysical information about Earth structure and dynamics. To increase geologic and geodynamic understanding of Alaska, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has collected and processed Alaska gravity data for the past 50 years. This report introduces and describes an integrated, State-wide gravity database and provides accompanying gravity calculation tools to assist in its application. Additional information includes gravity base station descriptions and digital scans of historical USGS reports. The gravity calculation tools enable the user to reduce new gravity data in a consistent manner for combination with the existing database. This database has sufficient resolution to define the regional gravity anomalies of Alaska. Interpretation of regional gravity anomalies in parts of the State are hampered by the lack of local isostatic compensation in both southern and northern Alaska. However, when filtered appropriately, the Alaska gravity data show regional features having geologic significance. These features include gravity lows caused by low-density rocks of Cenozoic basins, flysch belts, and felsic intrusions, as well as many gravity highs associated with high-density mafic and ultramafic complexes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds264","isbn":"9781411320369","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Brown, P.J., Morin, R.L., and Hill, P.L., 2008, 2006 Compilation of Alaska gravity data and historical reports (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 264, 1 CD-ROM; Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds264.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM; Downloads","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":465323,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read 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II","contributorId":67936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Patricia L. pathill@usgs.gov","contributorId":1327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","email":"pathill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85837,"text":"ofr20081004 - 2008 - Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-10T16:15:02.360401","indexId":"ofr20081004","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1004","title":"Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Continuous-coverage multibeam bathymetric models and sidescan-sonar imagery have been verified with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, sediment sampling, and bottom photography. Together these data layers provide detailed base maps that yield topographic, compositional, and environmental perspectives of the sea floor in the vicinity of Woods Hole, an important harbor and major passage between the Elizabeth Islands and Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Tidally dominated high-energy environments within Woods Hole have prevented deposition of Holocene marine sediments, exposed underlying glacial drift of the Buzzards Bay moraine, and winnowed finer grained sediments, leaving lag deposits of boulders and gravel. These conditions have also enlarged and preserved depressions in the moraine surface that were originally kettle holes and formed ebb-tidal deltas at the entrances to passages. Fields of transverse and barchanoid sand waves dominate across the southern part of the study area in Vineyard Sound, where benthic environments are characterized by processes associated with coarse-bedload transport. Transverse sand waves dominate near shoals where sediment supply is greater and have asymmetries that indicate that the shoals are shaped and maintained by clockwise gyres of net sediment transport. Barchanoid sand waves, which are most common where Holocene sediments are thinner, commonly align into elongate fields that have smaller isolated waves concentrated at the eastern ends and that progressively widen and have waveforms that increase in amplitude, wavelength, and complexity westward. The northern, protected parts of the Little and Inner Harbors are characterized by muddy sediment and processes associated with deposition. A pockmark field in Little Harbor and the muddy, organic-rich sediments that form a scarp along the edge of Parker Flat are evidence for the presence of submerged marsh deposits formed during the Holocene rise in sea level.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081004","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K.Y., Foster, D.S., Blackwood, D.S., Williams, S.J., Ackerman, S.D., Barnum, S.R., and Brennan, R.T., 2008, Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1004, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081004.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-005786","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Woods Hole","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-70.68015599831024, 41.52693928765149], [-70.67226739014919, 41.52509446250046], [-70.67023548478207, 41.52247479927562], [-70.67196180561497, 41.521495355764166], [-70.66751981458485, 41.515995840790076], [-70.66632939749157, 41.51628448705189], [-70.66780811953878, 41.52260451444391], [-70.66500126900227, 41.52289878103239], [-70.66445800760812, 41.51693422364235], [-70.65693157370985, 41.51438768585723], [-70.6551823316289, 41.50899815878374], [-70.65710465997076, 41.50722839618328], [-70.67514810165571, 41.507197883035026], [-70.67654153542732, 41.50963893489769], [-70.67308228224043, 41.513674655277384], [-70.67639844033393, 41.516968177479484], [-70.67600246980766, 41.52279010180788], [-70.679850413776, 41.522434745258224], [-70.68015599831024, 41.52693928765149]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-70.68033708544161, 41.50707629292747, -70.6551823316289, 41.52693928765149], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091895\"}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":24036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, S. 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,{"id":85840,"text":"ofr20081204 - 2008 - Water-quality data at amphibian research sites in Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Virginia, 2005-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T09:40:36","indexId":"ofr20081204","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1204","title":"Water-quality data at amphibian research sites in Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Virginia, 2005-2007","docAbstract":"Data on the chemical composition of water were collected at least once from 47 amphibian research sites in Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Virginia, from 2005 through 2007. One hundred twenty-five water samples were collected from vernal pools and streams and analyzed as part of long-term monitoring projects of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative in the Northeast Region. Field measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, and pH were made. Laboratory analyses of the water samples included acid-neutralizing capacity, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (ammonium plus organic nitrogen), nitrite plus nitrate, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations. Field and laboratory analytical results of water samples and quality-assurance data are presented. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Patuxent Research Refuge), U.S. Department of Agriculture (Henry A. 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,{"id":85841,"text":"sir20085097 - 2008 - Investigation of Contaminated Ground Water at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:05:37","indexId":"sir20085097","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5097","title":"Investigation of Contaminated Ground Water at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey investigated natural and engineered remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) ground-water contamination at Solid Waste Management Unit 12 at the Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, beginning in 2000. The primary contaminants of interest in the study are tetrachloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,1-dichloroethene. \r\n\r\nThe permeable reactive barrier (PRB) along the main axis of the contaminant plume appears to be actively removing contamination. In contrast to the central area of the PRB, the data from the southern end of the PRB indicate that contaminants are moving around the PRB. Concentrations in wells 12MW-10S and 12MW-03S, upgradient from the PRB, showed a general decrease in VOC concentrations.\r\n\r\nVOC concentrations in some wells in the forest showed a sharp increase, followed by a decrease. In 2007, the VOC concentrations began to increase in well 12MW-12S, downgradient from the PRB and thought to be unaffected by the PRB. The VOC-concentration changes in the forest, such as at well 12MW-12S, may represent lateral shifting of the plume in response to changes in ground-water-flow direction or may represent movement of a contamination pulse through the forest.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20085097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., Lowery, M.A., Conlon, K.J., and Harrelson, L.G., 2008, Investigation of Contaminated Ground Water at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2006-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5097, vi, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085097.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11553,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"North Charleston","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.05,32.86666666666667 ], [ -80.05,33.05 ], [ -79.86666666666666,33.05 ], [ -79.86666666666666,32.86666666666667 ], [ -80.05,32.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db530d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":85836,"text":"sim3012 - 2008 - Precambrian basement structure map of the continental United States - An interpretation of geologic and aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T22:24:53.831304","indexId":"sim3012","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3012","title":"Precambrian basement structure map of the continental United States - An interpretation of geologic and aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"The Precambrian basement rocks of the continental United States are largely covered by younger sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and the availability of updated aeromagnetic data (NAMAG, 2002) provides a means to infer major regional basement structures and tie together the scattered, but locally abundant, geologic information.\r\n\r\nPrecambrian basement structures in the continental United States have strongly influenced later Proterozoic and Phanerozoic tectonism within the continent, and there is a growing awareness of the utility of these structures in deciphering major younger tectonic and related episodes. Interest in the role of basement structures in the evolution of continents has been recently stimulated, particularly by publications of the Geological Society of London (Holdsworth and others, 1998; Holdsworth and others, 2001). These publications, as well as others, stress the importance of reactivation of basement structures in guiding the subsequent evolution of continents. 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,{"id":70258498,"text":"70258498 - 2008 - An enhanced global elevation model generalized from multiple higher resolution source datasets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T15:32:31.588712","indexId":"70258498","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-11T10:27:40","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An enhanced global elevation model generalized from multiple higher resolution source datasets","docAbstract":"<p>Global digital elevation models are routinely used in a variety of earth science applications. GTOPO30, a widely used global elevation model produced by the U.S. Geological Survey, was produced in the mid-1990s from several regional sources of elevation information. Since the time GTOPO30 was developed, new and improved sources of elevation data have become available, and the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency are collaborating on the development of a notably enhanced global elevation model that will replace GTOPO30 as the elevation dataset of choice for global and continental scale applications. The new model is being generated at three separate resolutions (horizontal post spacings) of 30 arc-seconds (about 1 kilometer), 15 arc-seconds (about 500 meters), and 7.5 arc-seconds (about 250 meters). An additional advantage of the new multiresolution global model over GTOPO30 is that seven new raster elevation products will be available at each resolution. The new elevation products are being produced using the following aggregation methods: minimum elevation, maximum elevation, mean elevation, median elevation, standard deviation of elevation, systematic subsample, and breakline emphasis. The primary source dataset for the new global model is the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 1-arc-second data. When complete, the new global model will undergo a thorough accuracy assessment against reference geodetic control and a relative comparison against the existing GTOPO30 at the 30-arc-second resolution. Full documentation describing the input datasets, the processing, the characteristics of the new global model product layers, and the accuracy assessment results will be available to users. The development of the new global elevation model is in progress, with completion scheduled for mid-2009. </p>","conferenceTitle":"XXIst ISPRS Congress","conferenceDate":"July 3-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","usgsCitation":"Danielson, J.J., and Gesch, D.B., 2008, An enhanced global elevation model generalized from multiple higher resolution source datasets, XXIst ISPRS Congress, Beijing, China, July 3-11, 2008, p. 1857-1864.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1857","endPage":"1864","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":434836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/tc4.aspx","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, Jeffrey J. 0000-0003-0907-034X daniels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-034X","contributorId":3996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"daniels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70258485,"text":"70258485 - 2008 - Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) recalibration procedure for data processed using the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T14:42:20.691349","indexId":"70258485","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-11T09:38:31","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) recalibration procedure for data processed using the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provides the backbone of an extensive archive of moderate resolution Earth imagery. Even after more than 24 years of service, the L5 TM is still operational. Given the longevity of the instrument, the detectors have aged, and the system's radiometric characteristics have changed since launch. The calibration procedures and parameters in National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS) have also changed with time. Revised radiometric calibrations in 2003 and 2007 have improved the radiometric accuracy of recently processed data; however, users with data processed prior to the calibration update have not benefited from these revisions. A general procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing systematically corrected (Level-1) products. The best recalibration can be obtained if the work order report originally used in product generation is still available. This paper discusses the procedure to recalibrate the L5 TM data for the users who have the work order files that were delivered with their products.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","conferenceDate":"July 7-11, 2024","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779984","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Haque, O., Micijevic, E., and Barsi, J.A., 2008, Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) recalibration procedure for data processed using the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS), IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Boston, MA, July 7-11, 2024, p. IV-1360-IV-1363, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779984.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"IV-1360","endPage":"IV-1363","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":913310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haque, Obaidul 0000-0002-0914-1446 ohaque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":4691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haque","given":"Obaidul","email":"ohaque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":913311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barsi, Julia A.","contributorId":71822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70258484,"text":"70258484 - 2008 - Evaluation of candidate Landsat Data Gap Sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T14:37:04.767594","indexId":"70258484","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-11T09:32:08","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of candidate Landsat Data Gap Sensors","docAbstract":"<p><span>The capabilities of the currently operational Landsat satellites may be lost before the launch of the follow-on Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), thus producing a gap in the Landsat data record and the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive (NSLRSDA). In anticipation of a gap, the Federal agencies responsible for Landsat program management, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Interior (DOI) U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), convened a Landsat Data Gap Study Team (LDGST). The study team assessed the basic characteristics of multiple systems and identified sensors aboard the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS-2) and the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS-P6) ResourceSat-1 satellite as the most promising sources of Landsat-like data. The sensors include the combination of CBERS-2 Infrared Multi-spectral Scanner (IRMSS) and High Resolution Charged Coupled Device (CCD), as well as the IRS-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) and the IRS-P6 Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-III). The study team concluded that more robust technical evaluations of data and sensor performance are required before gap mitigation strategies can be fully formulated. A technical report is made available that summarizes the results from those evaluations, including the initial data characterization and science utility evaluation. The report can be accessed at http://calval.cr.usgs.gov/LDGST.php.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","conferenceDate":"July 7-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779988","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., and Stensaas, G.L., 2008, Evaluation of candidate Landsat Data Gap Sensors, IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Boston, MA, July 7-11, 2008, p. IV-1376-IV-1379, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779988.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"IV-1376","endPage":"IV-1379","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":913308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stensaas, Gregory L. 0000-0001-6679-2416 stensaas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2416","contributorId":2551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensaas","given":"Gregory","email":"stensaas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85826,"text":"tm5B5 - 2008 - Determination of human-health pharmaceuticals in filtered water by chemically modified styrene-divinylbenzene resin-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:35:37.121798","indexId":"tm5B5","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B5","title":"Determination of human-health pharmaceuticals in filtered water by chemically modified styrene-divinylbenzene resin-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract\">In 1999, the Methods Research and Development Program of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory began the process of developing a method designed to identify and quantify human-health pharmaceuticals in four filtered water-sample types: reagent water, ground water, surface water minimally affected by human contributions, and surface water that contains a substantial fraction of treated wastewater. Compounds derived from human pharmaceutical and personal-care product use, which enter the environment through wastewater discharge, are a newly emerging area of concern; this method was intended to fulfill the need for a highly sensitive and highly selective means to identify and quantify 14 commonly used human pharmaceuticals in filtered-water samples. The concentrations of 12 pharmaceuticals are reported without qualification; the concentrations of two pharmaceuticals are reported as estimates because long-term reagent-spike sample recoveries fall below acceptance criteria for reporting concentrations without qualification.</p><p class=\"abstract\">The method uses a chemically modified styrene-divinylbenzene resin-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge for analyte isolation and concentration. For analyte detection and quantitation, an instrumental method was developed that used a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) system to separate the pharmaceuticals of interest from each other and coextracted material. Immediately following separation, the pharmaceuticals are ionized by electrospray ionization operated in the positive mode, and the positive ions produced are detected, identified, and quantified using a quadrupole mass spectrometer.</p><p class=\"abstract\">In this method, 1-liter water samples are first filtered, either in the field or in the laboratory, using a 0.7-micrometer (μm) nominal pore size glass-fiber filter to remove suspended solids. The filtered samples then are passed through cleaned and conditioned SPE cartridges at a rate of about 15 milliliters per minute. Excess water is eliminated from the cartridge sorbent bed by passing air through the cartridges, and the analytes retained on the SPE bed are eluted from the cartridge sequentially, first with methanol, followed by acidified methanol, and combined in collection tubes. This sample extract then is reduced from about 10 milliliters (mL) to about 0.1 mL (or 100 microliters) under a stream of purified nitrogen gas with the collection tubes in a heated (40°C) water bath. The reduced extracts then are fortified with an internal standard solution (when using internal standard quantitation), brought to a final volume of 1 mL with an aqueous ammonium formate buffer solution, and filtered through a 0.2-μm Teflon syringe filter as they are transferred into vials for instrumental analysis.</p><p class=\"abstract\">Instrumental analysis by the HPLC/MS procedure permits determination of individual pharmaceutical concentrations from 0.005 to 1.0 microgram per liter, based on the lowest and the highest calibration standards routinely used. The reporting levels for this method are compound dependent, and have been experimentally determined based on the precision of quantitation of compounds from eight fortified organic-free water samples in single-operator experiments. The method detection limits and interim reporting levels for the compounds determined by this method were calculated from recoveries of the pharmaceuticals from reagent-water samples amended at 0.05 microgram per liter, and ranged between 0.0069 and 0.0142 microgram per liter, and 0.015 and 0.10 microgram per liter, respectively. Concentrations for 12 compounds are reported without qualification, and for two compounds are reported as qualified estimates. After initial development, the method was applied to more than 1,800 surface-, ground-, and wastewater samples from 2002 to 2005 and documented in a number of published studies. This research application of the method provided the opportunity to collect a large data set of ambient environmental concentrations and also permitted the collection of an extensive set of reagent blanks and spike quality-control (QC) samples. This multiple-year set of QC samples enabled further evaluation of method performance under multiple operator and multiple instrument conditions typical of routine laboratory operation. These results are an important part of the entire data set contained in this report because they document method performance over an extended time. Because sample matrix can substantially affect method performance, inclusion of environmental matrix-spike samples is required as a routine component of study plan quality control.</p><p class=\"abstract\">Method performance has been measured by long-term tracking of observed recoveries from fortified organic-free water samples processed with environmental samples (laboratory reagent spikes), as well as by observed recoveries from multiple fortified environmental water samples. The fortified environmental samples included surface water, wastewater effluent-dominated surface water, and ground water, fortified at two environmentally relevant concentrations and corrected for ambient environmental concentrations.</p><p class=\"abstract\">Because the responses of individual pharmaceuticals vary as a function of proton affinity, the ionization efficiency, and thus relative response, of each pharmaceutical, the quality-control surrogate compounds, and the quantitation internal standard can be suppressed or enhanced by the presence of the sample matrix. As a result, several quality-control sample types are required to properly interpret the ambient environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals in aqueous samples. The quality-control sample types and results include laboratory reagent spikes and laboratory reagent blanks to provide insight into the performance of the method in the absence of a sample matrix, and matrix-spike recovery samples and replicate environmental samples, collected from representative sample matrix types within the aquatic system under study.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 5 - Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory - Book 5, Laboratory Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B5","isbn":"9781411321823","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Quality, National Water Quality Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Werner, S.L., Anderson, B.D., and Cahill, J.D., 2008, Determination of human-health pharmaceuticals in filtered water by chemically modified styrene-divinylbenzene resin-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B5, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B5.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_b5.gif"},{"id":11521,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm5b5/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Bruce D.","contributorId":89188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahill, Jeffery D.","contributorId":71630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85831,"text":"ofr20081216 - 2008 - A Vegetation Database for the Colorado River Ecosystem from Glen Canyon Dam to the Western Boundary of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr20081216","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1216","title":"A Vegetation Database for the Colorado River Ecosystem from Glen Canyon Dam to the Western Boundary of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"A vegetation database of the riparian vegetation located within the Colorado River ecosystem (CRE), a subsection of the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and the western boundary of Grand Canyon National Park, was constructed using four-band image mosaics acquired in May 2002. A digital line scanner was flown over the Colorado River corridor in Arizona by ISTAR Americas, using a Leica ADS-40 digital camera to acquire a digital surface model and four-band image mosaics (blue, green, red, and near-infrared) for vegetation mapping. The primary objective of this mapping project was to develop a digital inventory map of vegetation to enable patch- and landscape-scale change detection, and to establish randomized sampling points for ground surveys of terrestrial fauna (principally, but not exclusively, birds). The vegetation base map was constructed through a combination of ground surveys to identify vegetation classes, image processing, and automated supervised classification procedures. Analysis of the imagery and subsequent supervised classification involved multiple steps to evaluate band quality, band ratios, and vegetation texture and density. Identification of vegetation classes involved collection of cover data throughout the river corridor and subsequent analysis using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). \r\n\r\nVegetation was classified into six vegetation classes, following the National Vegetation Classification Standard, based on cover dominance. This analysis indicated that total area covered by all vegetation within the CRE was 3,346 ha. Considering the six vegetation classes, the sparse shrub (SS) class accounted for the greatest amount of vegetation (627 ha) followed by Pluchea (PLSE) and Tamarix (TARA) at 494 and 366 ha, respectively. The wetland (WTLD) and Prosopis-Acacia (PRGL) classes both had similar areal cover values (227 and 213 ha, respectively). Baccharis-Salix (BAXX) was the least represented at 94 ha. Accuracy assessment of the supervised classification determined that accuracies varied among vegetation classes from 90% to 49%. Causes for low accuracies were similar spectral signatures among vegetation classes. Fuzzy accuracy assessment improved classification accuracies such that Federal mapping standards of 80% accuracies for all classes were met. \r\n\r\nThe scale used to quantify vegetation adequately meets the needs of the stakeholder group. Increasing the scale to meet the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-National Park Service (NPS)National Mapping Program's minimum mapping unit of 0.5 ha is unwarranted because this scale would reduce the resolution of some classes (e.g., seep willow/coyote willow would likely be combined with tamarisk). While this would undoubtedly improve classification accuracies, it would not provide the community-level information about vegetation change that would benefit stakeholders. The identification of vegetation classes should follow NPS mapping approaches to complement the national effort and should incorporate the alternative analysis for community identification that is being incorporated into newer NPS mapping efforts. National Vegetation Classification is followed in this report for association- to formation-level categories. \r\n\r\nAccuracies could be improved by including more environmental variables such as stage elevation in the classification process and incorporating object-based classification methods. Another approach that may address the heterogeneous species issue and classification is to use spectral mixing analysis to estimate the fractional cover of species within each pixel and better quantify the cover of individual species that compose a cover class. Varying flights to capture vegetation at different times of the year might also help separate some vegetation classes, though the cost may be prohibitive. Lastly, photointerpretation instead of automated mapping could be tried. Photointerpretation would likely not improve accuracies in this case, howev","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pinnacle Mapping Technologies, Inc. and Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Ralston, B., Davis, P.A., Weber, R.M., and Rundall, J.M., 2008, A Vegetation Database for the Colorado River Ecosystem from Glen Canyon Dam to the Western Boundary of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1216, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081216.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11526,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1500000","projection":"Stateplane, Arizona Central Zone, NAD 1983","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111,37.5 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ee4b0b290850ef2a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E.","contributorId":89848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Robert M. rweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Robert","email":"rweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rundall, Jill M.","contributorId":44251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundall","given":"Jill","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85828,"text":"fs20083056 - 2008 - A Landscape Indicator Approach to the Identification and Articulation of the Ecological Consequences of Land Cover Change in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1970-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:33","indexId":"fs20083056","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3056","title":"A Landscape Indicator Approach to the Identification and Articulation of the Ecological Consequences of Land Cover Change in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1970-2000","docAbstract":"The advancement of geographic science in the area of land surface status and trends and land cover change is at the core of the current geographic scientific research of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (McMahon and others, 2005). Perhaps the least developed or articulated aspects of USGS land change science have been the identification and analysis of the ecological consequences of land cover change.\r\n\r\nChanges in land use and land cover significantly affect the ability of ecosystems to provide essential ecological goods and services, which, in turn, affect the economic, public health, and social benefits that these ecosystems provide. One of the great scientific challenges for geographic science is to understand and calibrate the effects of land use and land cover change and the complex interaction between human and biotic systems at a variety of natural, geographic, and political scales.\r\n\r\nUnderstanding the dynamics of land surface change requires an increased understanding of the complex nature of human-environmental systems and will require a suite of scientific tools that include traditional geographic data and analysis methods, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), as well as innovative approaches to understanding the dynamics of complex systems. One such approach that has gained much recent scientific attention is the landscape indicator, or landscape assessment, approach, which has been developed with the emergence of the science of landscape ecology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20083056","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, T., 2008, A Landscape Indicator Approach to the Identification and Articulation of the Ecological Consequences of Land Cover Change in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1970-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3056, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083056.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3056.jpg"},{"id":11523,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495ae4b0b290850ef15f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, Terrence","contributorId":13701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"Terrence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70258645,"text":"70258645 - 2008 - Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating actual ET: An evaluation with lysimeter data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-19T14:03:50.105201","indexId":"70258645","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-09T08:57:15","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating actual ET: An evaluation with lysimeter data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential component of the water balance and a major consumptive use of irrigation water and precipitation on cropland. Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate ET regionally. However, a review of different ET mapping algorithms shows that most EB models are complex to use and may not be suitable for operational ET remote sensing. Efforts are being made to simplify procedures to estimate regional ET mainly through the scaling of reference ET. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to six Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains (parts of the Texas Panhandle and northeastern New Mexico) that were acquired during the 2007 cropping season. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters, with each lysimeter located in the center of a 210 by 225 m field at the USDA_ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Tex. [350 11' N, 1020 06' W; 1,170 m elevation MSL]. Results indicated that the SSEB can provide ET estimates with reasonable accuracy for the Bushland location. However, more evaluation is needed for different agroclimatological conditions in the region.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Annual International Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 29-July 2, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Providence, RI","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.24610","usgsCitation":"Gowda, P.H., Senay, G.B., Colaizzi, P.D., and Howell, T.A., 2008, Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating actual ET: An evaluation with lysimeter data, Annual International Meeting, Providence, RI, June 29-July 2, 2008, 083651, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.24610.","productDescription":"083651","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gowda, Prasanna H.","contributorId":127439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowda","given":"Prasanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colaizzi, Paul D.","contributorId":344335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colaizzi","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howell, Terry A.","contributorId":344336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70236324,"text":"70236324 - 2008 - Seismic monitoring to assess performance of structures In near‐real time: Recent progress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T13:25:24.930371","indexId":"70236324","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-08T11:57:15","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic monitoring to assess performance of structures In near‐real time: Recent progress","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_paragraph\">Earlier papers have described how observed data from classical accelerometers deployed in structures or from differential<span>&nbsp;</span>GPS<span>&nbsp;</span>with high sampling ratios deployed at roofs of tall buildings can be configured to establish<span>&nbsp;</span>seismic<span>&nbsp;</span>health monitoring of structures. In these configurations, drift ratios<sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>are the main parametric indicator of damage condition of a structure or component of a structure.</div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\">Real‐time<span>&nbsp;</span>measurement<span>&nbsp;</span>of displacements are acquired either by double integration of accelerometer time‐series data, or by directly using<span>&nbsp;</span>GPS.<span>&nbsp;</span>Recorded sensor data is then related to the performance level of a building. Performance‐based design method stipulates that for a building the amplitude of relative displacement of the roof of a building (with respect to its base) indicates its performance.</div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\">Usually, drift ratio is computed using relative displacement between two consecutive floors. When accelerometers are used, a specific<span>&nbsp;</span>software<span>&nbsp;</span>is used to compute displacements and drift ratios in realtime by double integration of accelerometer data from several floors. However, GPS‐measured relative displacements are limited to being acquired only at the roof with respect to its reference base. Thus, computed drift ratio is the average drift ratio for the whole building. Until recently, the validity of<span>&nbsp;</span>measurements<span>&nbsp;</span>using<span>&nbsp;</span>GPS<span>&nbsp;</span>was limited to long‐period structures<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot; altimg=&quot;eq-00001.gif&quot;><mi>(</mi><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>T</mi><mtext>&amp;gt;1&amp;#x2009;</mtext><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>s</mi><mi>)</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mi\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mi\">T</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mtext\">&gt;1 </span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">s</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mi\">)</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>because<span>&nbsp;</span>GPS<span>&nbsp;</span>systems readily available were limited to 10–20 samples per seconds (sps) capability. However, presently, up to 50 sps differential<span>&nbsp;</span>GPS<span>&nbsp;</span>systems are available on the market and have been successfully used to monitor drift ratios [1,2]—thus enabling future usefulness of<span>&nbsp;</span>GPS<span>&nbsp;</span>to all types of structures. Several levels of threshold drift ratios can be postulated in order to make decisions for inspections and/or occupancy.</div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"NLM_paragraph\">Experience with data acquired from both accelerometers and<span>&nbsp;</span>GPS<span>&nbsp;</span>deployments indicates that they are reliable and provide pragmatic alternatives to alert the owners and other authorized parties to make informed decisions and select choices for pre‐defined actions following significant events.</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"AIP conference proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Physics","doi":"10.1063/1.2963922","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., 2008, Seismic monitoring to assess performance of structures In near‐real time: Recent progress, <i>in</i> AIP conference proceedings, v. 1020, p. 848-855, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2963922.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"848","endPage":"855","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":850614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236322,"text":"70236322 - 2008 - Site characterization of Italian strong motion recording stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T16:50:31.179723","indexId":"70236322","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-08T11:49:51","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Site characterization of Italian strong motion recording stations","docAbstract":"<p><span>A dataset of site conditions at 101 Italian ground motion stations with recorded&nbsp;</span>motions<span>&nbsp;has been compiled that includes&nbsp;</span>geologic<span>&nbsp;characteristics and&nbsp;</span>seismic<span>&nbsp;</span>velocities.<span>&nbsp;</span>Geologic<span>&nbsp;characterization is derived principally from local&nbsp;</span>geologic<span>&nbsp;investigations by ENEL that include detailed mapping and cross sections. For sites lacking such detailed&nbsp;</span>geologic<span>&nbsp;characterization, the&nbsp;</span>geology<span>&nbsp;maps of the by Servizio&nbsp;</span>Geologico<span>&nbsp;d'Italia are used.&nbsp;</span>Seismic<span>&nbsp;</span>velocities<span>&nbsp;are extracted from the literature and the files of consulting&nbsp;</span>engineers,<span>&nbsp;</span>geologists<span>&nbsp;and public agencies for 33 sites. Data&nbsp;</span>sources<span>&nbsp;utilized include post&nbsp;</span>earthquake<span>&nbsp;site investigations (Friuli and Irpinia events), microzonation studies, and miscellaneous investigations performed by researchers or consulting engineers/geologists. Additional&nbsp;</span>seismic<span>&nbsp;</span>velocities<span>&nbsp;are&nbsp;</span>measured<span>&nbsp;by the authors using the controlled&nbsp;</span>source<span>&nbsp;spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method for 18 sites that recorded the 1997–1998 Umbria Marche&nbsp;</span>earthquake<span>&nbsp;sequence. The compiled&nbsp;</span>velocity measurements<span>&nbsp;provide data for 51 of the 101 sites. For the remaining sites, the average&nbsp;</span>seismic<span>&nbsp;</span>velocity<span>&nbsp;in the upper 30 m&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot; altimg=&quot;eq-00001.gif&quot;><msub><mi>(V</mi><mrow><mtext>s30</mtext></mrow></msub><mi>)</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mi\">(V</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mtext\">s30</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mi\">)</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;is estimated using a hybrid approach. For young Quaternary alluvium,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot; altimg=&quot;eq-00002.gif&quot;><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mtext>s30</mtext></mrow></msub></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mi\">\uD835\uDC49</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mtext\">s30</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;an existing empirical relationship for California sites by Wills and Clahan (2006) is used, which we justify by validating this relationship against Italian data. For Tertiary Limestone and Italian Mesozoic rocks, empirical estimates of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot; altimg=&quot;eq-00003.gif&quot;><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mtext>s30</mtext></mrow></msub></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mi\">\uD835\uDC49</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mtext\">s30</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;are developed using the available data.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"AIP conference proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Physics","doi":"10.1063/1.2963854","usgsCitation":"Scasserra, G., Stewart, J.P., Kayen, R., and Lanzo, G., 2008, Site characterization of Italian strong motion recording stations, <i>in</i> AIP conference proceedings, v. 1020, p. 338-345, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2963854.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[15.52038,38.23116],[15.16024,37.44405],[15.3099,37.13422],[15.09999,36.61999],[14.33523,36.99663],[13.82673,37.10453],[12.431,37.61295],[12.57094,38.12638],[13.74116,38.03497],[14.76125,38.14387],[15.52038,38.23116]]],[[[9.21001,41.20999],[9.80998,40.50001],[9.66952,39.17738],[9.21482,39.24047],[8.80694,38.90662],[8.4283,39.17185],[8.38825,40.37831],[8.16,40.95001],[8.70999,40.89998],[9.21001,41.20999]]],[[[12.37649,46.76756],[13.80648,46.50931],[13.69811,46.01678],[13.93763,45.59102],[13.14161,45.73669],[12.32858,45.38178],[12.38387,44.88537],[12.26145,44.60048],[12.58924,44.09137],[13.52691,43.58773],[14.02982,42.76101],[15.14257,41.95514],[15.92619,41.96132],[16.1699,41.74029],[15.88935,41.54108],[16.785,41.17961],[17.51917,40.87714],[18.37669,40.35562],[18.48025,40.16887],[18.29339,39.81077],[17.73838,40.27767],[16.8696,40.44223],[16.44874,39.7954],[17.17149,39.4247],[17.05284,38.90287],[16.63509,38.84357],[16.10096,37.9859],[15.68409,37.90885],[15.68796,38.21459],[15.89198,38.75094],[16.10933,38.96455],[15.71881,39.54407],[15.41361,40.04836],[14.9985,40.17295],[14.70327,40.60455],[14.06067,40.78635],[13.62799,41.18829],[12.88808,41.25309],[12.10668,41.70453],[11.19191,42.35543],[10.51195,42.93146],[10.20003,43.92001],[9.70249,44.03628],[8.88895,44.36634],[8.42856,44.23123],[7.85077,43.76715],[7.43518,43.69384],[7.5496,44.1279],[7.00756,44.25477],[6.74996,45.02852],[7.09665,45.3331],[6.80236,45.70858],[6.84359,45.99115],[7.27385,45.77695],[7.75599,45.82449],[8.31663,46.16364],[8.48995,46.00515],[8.96631,46.03693],[9.18288,46.44021],[9.92284,46.3149],[10.36338,46.48357],[10.4427,46.89355],[11.04856,46.75136],[11.16483,46.94158],[12.15309,47.11539],[12.37649,46.76756]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Italy\"}}]}","volume":"1020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scasserra, Giuseppe","contributorId":90178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scasserra","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Jonathan P.","contributorId":100110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":261195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanzo, Giuseppe","contributorId":63277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanzo","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85822,"text":"sir20085088 - 2008 - User’s guide to the collection and analysis of tree cores to assess the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-06T08:58:19","indexId":"sir20085088","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5088","title":"User’s guide to the collection and analysis of tree cores to assess the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"Analysis of the volatile organic compound content of tree cores is an inexpensive, rapid, simple approach to examining the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compound contaminants. The method has been shown to detect several volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic compounds associated with vapor intrusion and ground-water contamination. Tree cores, which are approximately 3 inches long, are obtained by using an increment borer. The cores are placed in vials and sealed. After a period of equilibration, the cores can be analyzed by headspace analysis gas chromatography. Because the roots are exposed to volatile organic compound contamination in the unsaturated zone or shallow ground water, the volatile organic compound concentrations in the tree cores are an indication of the presence of subsurface volatile organic compound contamination. Thus, tree coring can be used to detect and map subsurface volatile organic compound contamination. For comparison of tree-core data at a particular site, it is important to maintain consistent methods for all aspects of tree-core collection, handling, and analysis. Factors affecting the volatile organic compound concentrations in tree cores include the type of volatile organic compound, the tree species, the rooting depth, ground-water chemistry, the depth to the contaminated horizon, concentration differences around the trunk related to variations in the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds, concentration differences with depth of coring related to volatilization loss through the bark and possibly other unknown factors, dilution by rain, seasonal influences, sorption, vapor-exchange rates, and within-tree volatile organic compound degradation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Measurement and Monitoring for the 21st Century Initiative","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., 2008, User’s guide to the collection and analysis of tree cores to assess the distribution of subsurface volatile organic compounds: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5088, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085088.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5088.jpg"},{"id":11516,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4986e4b07f02db5aeb88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85817,"text":"ds340 - 2008 - Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47584,"text":"wri20034245 - 2003 - Estimated Ground-Water Withdrawals from the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-98","indexId":"wri20034245","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Estimated Ground-Water Withdrawals from the Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-98"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":85817,"text":"ds340 - 2008 - Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003","indexId":"ds340","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ds340","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"340","title":"Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003","docAbstract":"Ground-water withdrawal estimates from 1913 through 2003 for the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system are compiled in an electronic database to support a regional, three-dimensional, transient ground-water flow model. This database updates a previously published database that compiled estimates of ground-water withdrawals for 1913-1998. The same methodology is used to construct each database. Primary differences between the 2 databases are an additional 5 years of ground-water withdrawal data, well locations in the updated database are restricted to Death Valley regional ground-water flow system model boundary, and application rates are from 0 to 1.5 feet per year lower than original estimates. The lower application rates result from revised estimates of crop consumptive use, which are based on updated estimates of potential evapotranspiration. In 2003, about 55,700 acre-feet of ground water was pumped in the DVRFS, of which 69 percent was used for irrigation, 13 percent for domestic, and 18 percent for public supply, commercial, and mining activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds340","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement, DE-AI52-07NA28100, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and Nye County","usgsCitation":"Moreo, M.T., and Justet, L., 2008, Update to the Ground-Water Withdrawals Database for the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 1913-2003 (Supersedes WRI 2003-4245): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 340, Report: iv, 10 p.; ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds340.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; ZIP","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1913-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/340/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38.5 ], [ -114.5,38.5 ], [ -114.5,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Supersedes WRI 2003-4245","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Justet, Leigh ljustet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justet","given":"Leigh","email":"ljustet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85816,"text":"ofr20081227 - 2008 - Using the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory LT-MDL to Evaluate and Analyze Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20081227","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1227","title":"Using the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory LT-MDL to Evaluate and Analyze Data","docAbstract":"A long-term method detection level (LT-MDL) and laboratory reporting level (LRL) are used by the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) when reporting results from most chemical analyses of water samples. Changing to this method provided data users with additional information about their data and often resulted in more reported values in the low concentration range. Before this method was implemented, many of these values would have been censored.\r\n\r\nThe use of the LT-MDL and LRL presents some challenges for the data user. Interpreting data in the low concentration range increases the need for adequate quality assurance because even small contamination or recovery problems can be relatively large compared to concentrations near the LT-MDL and LRL. In addition, the definition of the LT-MDL, as well as the inclusion of low values, can result in complex data sets with multiple censoring levels and reported values that are less than a censoring level. Improper interpretation or statistical manipulation of low-range results in these data sets can result in bias and incorrect conclusions.\r\n\r\nThis document is designed to help data users use and interpret data reported with the LTMDL/ LRL method. The calculation and application of the LT-MDL and LRL are described. This document shows how to extract statistical information from the LT-MDL and LRL and how to use that information in USGS investigations, such as assessing the quality of field data, interpreting field data, and planning data collection for new projects. A set of 19 detailed examples are included in this document to help data users think about their data and properly interpret lowrange data without introducing bias. Although this document is not meant to be a comprehensive resource of statistical methods, several useful methods of analyzing censored data are demonstrated, including Regression on Order Statistics and Kaplan-Meier Estimation. These two statistical methods handle complex censored data sets without resorting to substitution, thereby avoiding a common source of bias and inaccuracy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081227","usgsCitation":"Bonn, B.A., 2008, Using the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory LT-MDL to Evaluate and Analyze Data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1227, iv, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081227.","productDescription":"iv, 73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonn, Bernadine A.","contributorId":105707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonn","given":"Bernadine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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