{"pageNumber":"821","pageRowStart":"20500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68927,"records":[{"id":70207236,"text":"70207236 - 2009 - Quantifying biophysical conditions of herbaceous wetland vegetation in Poyang Lake of coastal China via multi-temporal SAR imagery and in-situ measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T15:38:04.820076","indexId":"70207236","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T14:40:34","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quantifying biophysical conditions of herbaceous wetland vegetation in Poyang Lake of coastal China via multi-temporal SAR imagery and in-situ measurements","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wetland ecosystems, known as the “kidneys of the earth,” are an important habitat for aquatic fl ora and fauna and provide valuable services and goods for the human beings. The wetlands in Poyang Lake of the Southeast China coastal region are one of the fi rst national natural reserves listed in the Ramsar convention in 1992. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and its natural wetland area covers over 4000 km2 with diverse species of plants and vertebrate. Every year several million migratory birds live through the winter in this region (Liu and Ye, 2000). The Lake also plays an important role in fl ood control along the Yangtze River watershed. In the last several decades, however, overexploitation of the wetlands in Poyang Lake has altered seriously the ecosystem and reduced biodiversity. The area of wetlands in the Poyang Lake region has decreased by over 1000 km2 and total water storage decreased by 6000 million m3 due to reclamation (Wang et al., 2004).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of coastal environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Sang, H., Lin, H., and Chen, J., 2009, Quantifying biophysical conditions of herbaceous wetland vegetation in Poyang Lake of coastal China via multi-temporal SAR imagery and in-situ measurements, chap. <i>of</i> Remote sensing of coastal environments, p. 281-296.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Poyang Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              115.76293945312499,\n              28.3648185914011\n            ],\n            [\n              116.84509277343751,\n              28.3648185914011\n            ],\n            [\n              116.84509277343751,\n              29.754839972510933\n            ],\n            [\n              115.76293945312499,\n              29.754839972510933\n            ],\n            [\n              115.76293945312499,\n              28.3648185914011\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wang, Y. Q.","contributorId":221210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777389,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sang, H.","contributorId":221211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sang","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, J.","contributorId":104634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207234,"text":"70207234 - 2009 - Contemporary land use and land cover change in coastal Pearl River delta and its impact on regional climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:10:20","indexId":"70207234","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T14:31:53","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"19","title":"Contemporary land use and land cover change in coastal Pearl River delta and its impact on regional climate","docAbstract":"<p><span>Land use/land cover (LULC) is one of the most convincing aspects of the global change that has occurred in the terrestrial ecosystem (Meyer and Turner II, 1994; IPCC, 2001). Many changes in LULC refl ect the impacts of human activities on global environment (e.g., Houghton et al., 1999). Change in LULC is also recognized as a main driver affecting the local, regional, and global climate (e.g., Charney et al., 1977; Chase et al., 1996; Stohlgren et al., 1998; Eastman et al., 2001; Foley et al., 2005). For instance, urbanization alters the urban-rural surface energy balance, affects the thermal stratifi cation of the urban boundary layer, the local-scale atmospheric circulation, and the aerosol environment (Changnon and Huff, 1986; Shepherd 2005). Urbanization also affects precipitation through increases in hygroscopic nuclei, turbulence transfer, convection, rain-producing clouds, and the addition of water vapor from anthropogenic sources (Souch and Grimmond, 2006), all of which can lead to an altered pattern in urban precipitation frequency and intensity (e.g., Shepherd, 2006). The impact of LULC change on regional-scale climate has also been well documented (e.g., Dickinson, 1983; Sellers et al., 1996; Pielke et al., 1997; Xue et al., 2001).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of coastal environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, Fl","doi":"10.1201/9781420094428","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Lin, W., Zhang, L., Lin, H., and Du, D., 2009, Contemporary land use and land cover change in coastal Pearl River delta and its impact on regional climate, chap. 19 <i>of</i> Remote sensing of coastal environments, p. 369-394, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420094428.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"394","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wang, Y. Q.","contributorId":221210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777383,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, W.","contributorId":221208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Du, D.","contributorId":221209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70207230,"text":"70207230 - 2009 - Estimating actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields using a simplified surface energy balance approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-14T19:47:26.316525","indexId":"70207230","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T13:51:05","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Estimating actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields using a simplified surface energy balance approach","docAbstract":"<p>Food security assessment in many developing countries, such as Afghanistan, is vital because the early identification of populations at risk can enable the timely and appropriate actions needed to avert widespread hunger, destitution, or even famine. The assessment is complex, requiring the simultaneous consideration of multiple socioeconomic and environmental variables. Since large and widely dispersed</p><p>populations depend on rain-fed and irrigated agriculture and pastoralism, large-area weather monitoring and forecasting are important inputs to food security assessments. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), an activity funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), employs a crop water balance model (based on the water demand and supply at a given location) to monitor the performance of rain-fed agriculture and forecast relative production before the end of the crop-growing season. While a crop water balance approach appears to be effective in rain-fed agriculture [1,2], irrigated agriculture is best monitored by other methods, since the supply (water used for irrigation) is usually generated from upstream areas, farther away from the demand location.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of global croplands for food security","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, Fl","doi":"10.1201/9781420090109","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Budde, M., Verdin, J., and Rowland, J., 2009, Estimating actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields using a simplified surface energy balance approach, chap. 13 <i>of</i> Remote sensing of global croplands for food security, p. 317-330, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420090109.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"330","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":211472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777365,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyon, G.L.","contributorId":88494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777366,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777367,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turral, H.","contributorId":50750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budde, M.E. 0000-0002-9098-2751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":56837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowland, James D. 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":182398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowland","given":"James D.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":777364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70216673,"text":"70216673 - 2009 - Use of models and observations to assess trends in the 1950–2005 water balance and climate of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T19:26:38.997516","indexId":"70216673","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T13:22:45","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of models and observations to assess trends in the 1950–2005 water balance and climate of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 1‐dimensional surface energy balance model is applied to produce continuous simulations of daily lake evaporation of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (UKL) for the period 1950–2005. The model is implemented using observed data from land‐based sites and rafts collected during 2005–2006. Progressively longer, temporally overlapping simulations are produced using observed forcing data sets from sites near UKL. Simulation of the entire 56 years is accomplished using forcing data derived from weather station data and a 1949–2007 regional climate simulation over western North America. Simulated mean annual evaporation for 1950–2005 is 1073 mm. The simulated evaporation estimates are an improvement over existing May–September pan‐derived estimates because the latter are not representative of annual evaporation rates and do not span the multidecadal period of interest over which climate‐driven interannual (and longer) variability is evident. Evaporation and the other components of the water balance display statistically significant trends over the past 56 years that are associated with changes in meteorological forcing over the lake and the radiative and moisture balances at higher elevations of the catchment. Trends in the basin are consistent with and imbedded in regional and hemispheric climate trends that have occurred over the last century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007295","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., 2009, Use of models and observations to assess trends in the 1950–2005 water balance and climate of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 12, W12409, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007295.","productDescription":"W12409, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.79306030273438,\n              42.203090211380704\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76971435546874,\n              42.40317854182803\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92901611328125,\n              42.67435857693381\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08694458007812,\n              42.67536823702857\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19406127929688,\n              42.48323834594139\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              42.29864315010169\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88507080078125,\n              42.20105559753742\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79306030273438,\n              42.203090211380704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98039,"text":"fs20093105 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Modeling Software: Making Sense of a Complex Natural Resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"fs20093105","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3105","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Modeling Software: Making Sense of a Complex Natural Resource","docAbstract":"Computer models of groundwater systems simulate the flow of groundwater, including water levels, and the transport of chemical constituents and thermal energy. Groundwater models afford hydrologists a framework on which to organize their knowledge and understanding of groundwater systems, and they provide insights water-resources managers need to plan effectively for future water demands. Building on decades of experience, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) continues to lead in the development and application of computer software that allows groundwater models to address scientific and management questions of increasing complexity.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093105","usgsCitation":"Provost, A., Reilly, T.E., Harbaugh, A.W., and Pollock, D.W., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Modeling Software: Making Sense of a Complex Natural Resource: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3105, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093105.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3105.jpg"},{"id":13253,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db6131b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provost, Alden M.","contributorId":85652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98034,"text":"ofr20091276 - 2009 - Salton Sea Ecosystem Monitoring Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"ofr20091276","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1276","title":"Salton Sea Ecosystem Monitoring Project","docAbstract":"The Salton Sea is critically important for wintering and breeding waterbirds, but faces an uncertain future due to water delivery reductions imposed by the Interstate and Federal Quantification Settlement Agreement of 2003. The current preferred alternative for wetland restoration at the Salton Sea is saline habitat impoundments created to mitigate the anticipated loss of wetland habitat. In 2006, a 50-hectare experimental complex that consisted of four inter-connected, shallow water saline habitat ponds (SHP) was constructed at the southeastern shoreline of the Salton Sea and flooded with blended waters from the Alamo River and Salton Sea. The present study evaluated ecological risks and benefits of the SHP concept prior to widespread restoration actions. This study was designed to evaluate (1) baseline chemical, nutrient, and contaminant measures from physical and biological constituents, (2) aquatic invertebrate community structure and colonization patterns, and (3) productivity of and contaminant risks to nesting waterbirds at the SHP. These factors were evaluated and compared with those of nearby waterbird habitat, that is, reference sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091276","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board and Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Miles, A.K., Ricca, M., Meckstroth, A., and Spring, S.E., 2009, Salton Sea Ecosystem Monitoring Project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1276, viii, 151 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091276.","productDescription":"viii, 151 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1276.jpg"},{"id":13250,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60562b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meckstroth, Anne","contributorId":95579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckstroth","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spring, Sarah E. 0000-0003-1586-4875 sarah_spring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-4875","contributorId":3371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spring","given":"Sarah","email":"sarah_spring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98041,"text":"sir20095200 - 2009 - Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of selected community water systems that use groundwater, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:06:41","indexId":"sir20095200","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5200","title":"Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of selected community water systems that use groundwater, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Source water, defined as groundwater collected from a community water system well prior to water treatment, was sampled from 221 wells during October 2002 to July 2005 and analyzed for 258 anthropogenic organic compounds. Most of these compounds are unregulated in drinking water and include pesticides and pesticide degradates, gasoline hydrocarbons, personal-care and domestic-use products, and solvents. The laboratory analytical methods used in the study have detection levels that commonly are 100 to 1,000 times lower than State and Federal standards and guidelines for protecting water quality. Detections of anthropogenic organic compounds do not necessarily indicate a concern to human health but rather help to identify emerging issues and track changes in occurrence and concentrations over time.\r\n\r\nLess than one-half (120) of the 258 compounds were detected in at least one source-water sample. Chloroform, in 36 percent of samples, was the most commonly detected of the 12 compounds that were in about 10 percent or more of source-water samples. The herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, and simazine also were among the commonly detected compounds. The commonly detected degradates of atrazine - deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine - as well as degradates of acetochlor and alachlor, generally were detected at concentrations similar to or greater than concentrations of the parent herbicide. The compounds perchloroethene, trichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, and cis-1,2-dichloroethene also were detected commonly. The most commonly detected compounds in source-water samples generally were among those detected commonly across the country and reported in previous studies by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program.\r\n\r\nRelatively few compounds were detected at concentrations greater than human-health benchmarks, and 84 percent of the concentrations were two or more orders of magnitude less than benchmarks. Five compounds (perchloroethene, trichloroethene, 1,2-dibromoethane, acrylonitrile, and dieldrin) were detected at concentrations greater than their human-health benchmark. The human-health benchmarks used for comparison were U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for regulated compounds and Health-Based Screening Levels developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies for unregulated compounds. About one-half of all detected compounds do not have human-health benchmarks or adequate toxicity information to evaluate results in a human-health context.\r\n\r\nNinety-four source-water and finished-water (water that has passed through all the treatment processes but prior to distribution) sites were sampled at selected community water systems during June 2004 to September 2005. Most of the samples were analyzed for compounds that were detected commonly or at relatively high concentrations during the initial source-water sampling. The majority of the finished-water samples represented water blended with water from one or more other wells. Thirty-four samples were from water systems that did not blend water from sampled wells with water from other wells prior to distribution.\r\n\r\nThe comparison of source- and finished-water samples represents an initial assessment of whether compounds present in source water also are present in finished water and is not intended as an evaluation of water-treatment efficacy. The treatment used at the majority of the community water systems sampled is disinfection, which, in general, is not designed to remove the compounds monitored in this study.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of all compounds detected in finished water were less than their human-health benchmarks. Two detections of perchloroethene and one detection of trichloroethene in finished water had concentrations within an order of magnitude of the MCL. Concentrations of disinfection by-products were","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095200","isbn":"9781411326088","usgsCitation":"Hopple, J.A., Delzer, G.C., and Kingsbury, J.A., 2009, Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of selected community water systems that use groundwater, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5200, viii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095200.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5200.jpg"},{"id":13255,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b72d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopple, Jessica A. 0000-0003-3180-2252 jahopple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-2252","contributorId":992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopple","given":"Jessica","email":"jahopple@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98040,"text":"sir20095146 - 2009 - Development, Testing, and Application of a Coupled Hydrodynamic Surface-Water/Groundwater Model (FTLOADDS) with Heat and Salinity Transport in the Ten Thousand Islands/Picayune Strand Restoration Project Area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"sir20095146","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5146","title":"Development, Testing, and Application of a Coupled Hydrodynamic Surface-Water/Groundwater Model (FTLOADDS) with Heat and Salinity Transport in the Ten Thousand Islands/Picayune Strand Restoration Project Area, Florida","docAbstract":"A numerical model application was developed for the coastal area inland of the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) in southwestern Florida using the Flow and Transport in a Linked Overland/Aquifer Density-Dependent System (FTLOADDS) model. This model couples a two-dimensional dynamic surface-water model with a three-dimensional groundwater model, and has been applied to several locations in southern Florida. The model application solves equations for salt transport in groundwater and surface water, and also simulates surface-water temperature using a newly enhanced heat transport algorithm. One of the purposes of the TTI application is to simulate hydrologic factors that relate to habitat suitability for the West Indian Manatee. Both salinity and temperature have been shown to be important factors for manatee survival. The inland area of the TTI domain is the location of the Picayune Strand Restoration Project, which is designed to restore predevelopment hydrology through the filling and plugging of canals, construction of spreader channels, and the construction of levees and pump stations. The effects of these changes are simulated to determine their effects on manatee habitat.\r\n\r\nThe TTI application utilizes a large amount of input data for both surface-water and groundwater flow simulations. These data include topography, frictional resistance, atmospheric data including rainfall and air temperature, aquifer properties, and boundary conditions for tidal levels, inflows, groundwater heads, and salinities. Calibration was achieved by adjusting the parameters having the largest uncertainty: surface-water inflows, the surface-water transport dispersion coefficient, and evapotranspiration. A sensitivity analysis did not indicate that further parameter changes would yield an overall improvement in simulation results. The agreement between field data from GPS-tracked manatees and TTI application results demonstrates that the model can predict the salinity and temperature fluctuations which affect manatee behavior. Comparison of the existing conditions simulation with the simulation incorporating restoration changes indicated that the restoration would increase the period of inundation for most of the coastal wetlands. Generally, surface-water salinity was lowered by restoration changes in most of the wetlands areas, especially during the early dry season. However, the opposite pattern was observed in the primary canal habitat for manatees, namely, the Port of the Islands. Salinities at this location tended to be moderately elevated during the dry season, and unchanged during the wet season. Water temperatures were in close agreement between the existing conditions and restoration simulations, although minimum temperatures at the Port of the Islands were slightly higher in the restoration simulation as a result of the additional surface-water ponding and warming that occurs in adjacent wetlands.\r\n\r\nThe TTI application output was used to generate salinity and temperature time series for comparison to manatee field tracking data and an individually-based manatee-behavior model. Overlaying field data with salinity and temperature results from the TTI application reflects the effect of warm water availability and the periodic need for low-salinity drinking water on manatee movements. The manatee-behavior model uses the TTI application data at specific model nodes along the main manatee travel corridors to determine manatee migration patterns. The differences between the existing conditions and restoration scenarios can then be compared for manatee refugia. The TTI application can be used to test a variety of hydrologic conditions and their effect on important criteria.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095146","isbn":"9781411325975","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science Initiative","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Decker, J.D., 2009, Development, Testing, and Application of a Coupled Hydrodynamic Surface-Water/Groundwater Model (FTLOADDS) with Heat and Salinity Transport in the Ten Thousand Islands/Picayune Strand Restoration Project Area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5146, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095146.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5146.jpg"},{"id":13254,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.75,25.916666666666668 ], [ -81.75,26.166666666666668 ], [ -81.41666666666667,26.166666666666668 ], [ -81.41666666666667,25.916666666666668 ], [ -81.75,25.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98035,"text":"ds452 - 2009 - Groundwater quality data for the northern Sacramento Valley, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T21:52:01.334436","indexId":"ds452","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"452","title":"Groundwater quality data for the northern Sacramento Valley, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the approximately 1,180-square-mile Northern Sacramento Valley study unit (REDSAC) was investigated in October 2007 through January 2008 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).</p><p>The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw groundwater used for public water supplies within REDSAC and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 66 wells in Shasta and Tehama Counties. Forty-three of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and 23 were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells).</p><p>The groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial constituents. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in nitrate, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen of water), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water. In total, over 275 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated.</p><p>Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and sampmatrix spikes) were collected at approximately 8 to 11 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data obtained from the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a noticeable source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges for nearly all compounds, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix-spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, raw groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw groundwater were compared with regulatory and nonregulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and with aesthetic and technical thresholds established by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate compliance or noncompliance with those thresholds.</p><p>The concentrations of most constituents detected in groundwater samples from REDSAC were below drinking-water thresholds. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and pesticides were detected in less than one-quarter of the samples and were generally less than a hundredth of any health-based thresholds. NDMA was detected in one grid well above the NL-CA. Concentrations of all nutrients and trace elements in samples from REDSAC wells were below the health-based thresholds except those of arsenic in three samples, which were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US). However, none of these wells were public-supply wells. Concentrations of all radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds except radon-222, which was detected above the proposed MCL-US of 300 pCi/L in samples from 11 grid wells. Most of the samples from REDSAC wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic or technical concerns. A few samples contained iron, manganese, or pH at levels above the SMCL-CA or SMCL-US thresholds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds452","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board; A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Bennett, P., Bennett, G.L., and Belitz, K., 2009, Groundwater quality data for the northern Sacramento Valley, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 452, x, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds452.","productDescription":"x, 91 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_452.jpg"},{"id":404175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_88758.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13251,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/452/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.6272,\n              39.8914\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9456,\n              39.8914\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9456,\n              40.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6272,\n              40.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6272,\n              39.8914\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Peter A.","contributorId":25824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Peter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98031,"text":"ofr20091110 - 2009 - Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98031,"text":"ofr20091110 - 2009 - Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","indexId":"ofr20091110","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98928,"text":"ofr20101259 - 2010 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009","indexId":"ofr20101259","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98928,"text":"ofr20101259 - 2010 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009","indexId":"ofr20101259","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1110","title":"Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","docAbstract":"This report is a release of digital data from a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey that was conducted during June 2008 in areas of western Nebraska as part of a joint hydrologic study by the North Platte Natural Resource District, South Platte Natural Resource District, and U.S. Geological Survey. The objective of the contracted survey, conducted by Fugro Airborne, Ltd., was to improve the understanding of the relationship between surface water and groundwater systems critical to developing groundwater models used in management programs for water resources. The survey covered 1,375 line km (854 line mi). A unique aspect of this survey is the flight line layout. One set of flight lines were flown paralleling each side of the east-west trending North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek. The survey also included widely separated (10 km) perpendicular north-south lines. The success of this survey design depended on a well understood regional hydrogeologic framework and model developed by the Cooperative Hydrologic Study of the Platte River Basin. Resistivity variations along lines could be related to this framework. In addition to these lines, more traditional surveys consisting of parallel flight lines separated by about 270 m were carried out for one block in each of the drainages. These surveys helped to establish the spatial variations of the resistivity of hydrostratigraphic units. The electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separated frequencies from about 400 Hz to about 140,000 Hz. The electromagnetic data along flight lines were converted to electrical resistivity. The resulting line data were converted to geo-referenced grids and maps which are included with this report. In addition to the electromagnetic data, total field magnetic data and digital elevation data were collected. Data released in this report consist of data along flight lines, digital grids, and digital maps of the apparent resistivity and total magnetic field. The depth range of the subsurface investigation for the electromagnetic survey (estimated as deep as 60 m) is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. The geophysical data and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey and cooperator studies are being used by resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the area. In addition, data will be used to refine hydrologic models in western Nebraska.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091110","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resource District, South Platte Natural Resource District, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., and Hill, P., 2009, Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1110, Report: 27 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091110.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1110.jpg"},{"id":13247,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.25,41 ], [ -104.25,42.25 ], [ -102,42.25 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -104.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63606f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Patricia","contributorId":65160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98033,"text":"sir20095158 - 2009 - Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T10:58:36.484661","indexId":"sir20095158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5158","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are required for the economical and safe design of transportation and water-conveyance structures. A multistate approach was used to update methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural, ungaged basins in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia that are not substantially affected by regulation, tidal fluctuations, or urban development. In North Carolina, annual peak-flow data available through September 2006 were available for 584 sites; 402 of these sites had a total of 10 or more years of systematic record that is required for at-site, flood-frequency analysis. Following data reviews and the computation of 20 physical and climatic basin characteristics for each station as well as at-site flood-frequency statistics, annual peak-flow data were identified for 363 sites in North Carolina suitable for use in this analysis. Among these 363 sites, 19 sites had records that could be divided into unregulated and regulated/ channelized annual peak discharges, which means peak-flow records were identified for a total of 382 cases in North Carolina. Considering the 382 cases, at-site flood-frequency statistics are provided for 333 unregulated cases (also used for the regression database) and 49 regulated/channelized cases. The flood-frequency statistics for the 333 unregulated sites were combined with data for sites from South Carolina, Georgia, and adjacent parts of Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia to create a database of 943 sites considered for use in the regional regression analysis.\r\n\r\nFlood-frequency statistics were computed by fitting logarithms (base 10) of the annual peak flows to a log-Pearson Type III distribution. As part of the computation process, a new generalized skew coefficient was developed by using a Bayesian generalized least-squares regression model.\r\n\r\nExploratory regression analyses using ordinary least-squares regression completed on the initial database of 943 sites resulted in defining five hydrologic regions for North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Stations with drainage areas less than 1 square mile were removed from the database, and a procedure to examine for basin redundancy (based on drainage area and periods of record) also resulted in the removal of some stations from the regression database.\r\n\r\nFlood-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for 828 gaged stations were combined to form the final database that was used in the regional regression analysis. Regional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations that can be used for estimating the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent chance exceedance flows for rural ungaged, basins in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The final predictive equations are all functions of drainage area and the percentage of drainage basin within each of the five hydrologic regions. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 34.0 to 47.7 percent.\r\n\r\nDischarge estimates determined from the systematic records for the current study are, on average, larger in magnitude than those from a previous study for the highest percent chance exceedances (50 and 20 percent) and tend to be smaller than those from the previous study for the lower percent chance exceedances when all sites are considered as a group. For example, mean differences for sites in the Piedmont hydrologic region range from positive 0.5 percent for the 50-percent chance exceedance flow to negative 4.6 percent for the 0.2-percent chance exceedance flow when stations are grouped by hydrologic region. Similarly for the same hydrologic region, median differences range from positive 0.9 percent for the 50-percent chance exceedance flow to negative 7.1 percent for the 0.2-percent chance exceedance flow. However, mean and median percentage differences between the estimates from the previous and curre","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways (Hydraulics Unit) and the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management (Floodplain Mapping Program)","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J., Feaster, T., and Gotvald, A.J., 2009, Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5158, Report: vi, 113 p.; Downloadable Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095158.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 113 p.; Downloadable Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5158.jpg"},{"id":416654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235006","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5006","linkHelpText":"- <strong><em>The methods and statistics from SIR 2009–5158 have been updated in SIR 2023–5006.</em></strong>"},{"id":13249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.5,30 ], [ -85.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,30 ], [ -85.5,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis","contributorId":42260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J. Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98026,"text":"sim3092 - 2009 - Groundwater-Quality Survey of the South Coast Aquifer of Puerto Rico, April 2 through May 30, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"sim3092","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3092","title":"Groundwater-Quality Survey of the South Coast Aquifer of Puerto Rico, April 2 through May 30, 2007","docAbstract":"The increased potential for variability of groundwater quality in the South Coast aquifer of Puerto Rico due to saline water encroachment from the Caribbean Sea and from deep parts of the aquifer has become a major concern of water planners and managers. In an effort to determine the extent and sources of this encroachment, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources conducted a synoptic groundwater-quality survey from April 2 through May 30, 2007, for the South Coast aquifer between Ponce and Arroyo (fig. 1). Groundwater resources in this aquifer extend 150 square miles in south-central Puerto Rico and provide an estimated 44.2 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) or about 61 percent of the total water needs. This amount includes: 15.3 Mgal/d for irrigation, 27.4 Mgal/d for public supply, and 1.5 Mgal/d for industrial and other uses (W.L. Molina-Rivera, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2007). Since 1980 when most of the south coastal plain was intensively cultivated for sugarcane, total groundwater withdrawals have declined about 32 Mgal/d with the greatest decline occurring in irrigation (37.2 Mgal/d) and the greatest increase occurring in public supply (5.5 Mgal/d). Although withdrawals have declined substantially, a major concern is that aquifer recharge provided by irrigation return flow from surface-water irrigation canals has essentially dropped to zero because of the large-scale implementation of groundwater drip irrigation systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., and Gómez-Gómez, F., 2009, Groundwater-Quality Survey of the South Coast Aquifer of Puerto Rico, April 2 through May 30, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3092, Map Sheet: 48 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3092.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 48 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-04-02","temporalEnd":"2007-05-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3092.jpg"},{"id":13224,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.66666666666667,17.916666666666668 ], [ -66.66666666666667,18.033333333333335 ], [ -66,18.033333333333335 ], [ -66,17.916666666666668 ], [ -66.66666666666667,17.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98024,"text":"sir20095238 - 2009 - Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98024,"text":"sir20095238 - 2009 - Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","indexId":"sir20095238","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9001039,"text":"sir20115040 - 2011 - Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009","indexId":"sir20115040","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9001039,"text":"sir20115040 - 2011 - Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009","indexId":"sir20115040","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:26:14","indexId":"sir20095238","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5238","title":"Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","docAbstract":"Understanding the relation between dam release characteristics and downstream water quality in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, is important for natural-resource management and ecosystem protection. Data from four raingages, four water-quality monitoring sites, and one streamflow-measurement site were used to identify statistical relations and discernible quantitative or qualitative patterns linking Roanoke River instream dissolved-oxygen (DO) levels to releases at Roanoke Rapids Dam for the period 1998-2005.\n\nThe time-series DO data, complicated by the occurrence of major hurricanes in the short period of hourly DO data collection at the dam, present a mixed picture of the effects of hydropower peaking (a technique used by hydropower dam operators to produce electricity when consumption is high by passing a large volume of water through the dam turbines, which dramatically increases the volume of flow below the dam) on downstream DO. Other than in 2003 when dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Roanoke River were likely affected by runoff from Hurricane Isabel rains, there were not consistent, statistically significant differences detected in the annual medians of hourly and(or) daily DO values during peaking versus nonpeaking periods.\n\nAlong the Roanoke River, downstream of Roanoke Rapids Dam at Oak City, North Carolina, using a 95-percent confidence interval, the median value of the May-November daily mean DO concentrations for each year was lower during peaking periods for 2 years, higher for 2 years, and not significantly different for 4 years. Downstream at Jamesville, North Carolina, also using a 95-percent confidence interval, the median value of the annual May-November daily mean DO concentrations during hydropower peaking was lower for 4 years, higher for 2 years, and not significantly different for 2 years. In summary, the effect of hydropower peaking on downstream DO was inconsistent. Conversely, large precipitation events downstream from the dam resulted in consistent, statistically significant decreases in DO in the mainstem of the Roanoke River at Oak City and Jamesville.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095238","collaboration":"The PDF for the publication has been withdrawn","usgsCitation":"Wehmeyer, L.L., and Bales, J.D., 2009, Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5238, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095238.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5238.jpg"},{"id":13222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Jamesville, Roanoke Rapids","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River ","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,35 ], [ -81,37.5 ], [ -75.5,37.5 ], [ -75.5,35 ], [ -81,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98023,"text":"sir20095063 - 2009 - Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury Aquifer System, Southeastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:38:48","indexId":"sir20095063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5063","title":"Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury Aquifer System, Southeastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The glacial sediments that underlie the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury area of southeastern Massachusetts compose an important aquifer system that is the primary source of water for a region undergoing rapid development. Population increases and land-use changes in this area has led to two primary environmental effects that relate directly to groundwater resources: (1) increases in pumping that can adversely affect environmentally sensitive groundwater-fed surface waters, such as ponds, streams, and wetlands; and (2) adverse effects of land use on the quality of water in the aquifer. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, began an investigation in 2005 to improve the understanding of the hydrogeology in the area and to assess the effects of changing pumping and recharge conditions on groundwater flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury aquifer system.\r\n\r\nA numerical flow model was developed based on the USGS computer program MODFLOW-2000 to assist in the analysis of groundwater flow. Model simulations were used to determine water budgets, flow directions, and the sources of water to pumping wells, ponds, streams, and coastal areas.\r\n\r\nModel-calculated water budgets indicate that approximately 298 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water recharges the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury aquifer system. Most of this water (about 70 percent) moves through the aquifer, discharges to streams, and then reaches the coast as surface-water discharge. Of the remaining 30 percent of flow, about 25 percent of the water that enters the aquifer as recharge discharges directly to coastal areas and 5 percent discharges to pumping wells.\r\n\r\nGroundwater withdrawals are anticipated to increase from the current (2005) rate of about 14 Mgal/d to about 21 Mgal/d by 2030. Pumping from large-capacity production wells decreases water levels and increases the potential for effects on surface-water bodies, which are affected by pumping and wastewater disposal locations and rates. Pumping wells that are upgradient of surface-water bodies potentially capture water that would otherwise discharge to these surface-water bodies, thereby reducing streamflow and pond levels. The areas most affected by proposed increases in groundwater withdrawals are in the Towns of Plymouth and Wareham where more than half of the proposed increase in pumping will occur.\r\n\r\nIn response to an increase of about 7 Mgal/d of pumping, groundwater discharge to streams is reduced by about 6 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) (about 4 Mgal/d) from a total of about 325 ft3/s. Reduction in streamflow is moderated by an increase of artificial recharge from wastewater returned to the aquifer by onsite domestic septic systems and centralized wastewater treatment facilities. It is anticipated that about 3 Mgal/d of the 7 Mgal/d of increase in pumped water will be returned to the aquifer as wastewater by 2030.\r\n\r\nCurrently (2005) about 3 percent of groundwater discharge to streams is from wastewater return flow to the aquifer during average conditions. During drought conditions, the component of streamflow augmented by wastewater return flow doubles as wastewater recharge remains constant and aquifer recharge rates decrease. Wastewater return flow, whether as direct groundwater discharge to streams or as an additional source of aquifer recharge, increases the height of the water table near streams, thereby moderating the effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on streamflow.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of a simulated drought similar to the 1960s drought of record indicates that the presence of streams moderates the effects on water levels of reduced aquifer recharge. The area where water-table altitudes were least affected by drought was in the Weweantic River watershed in the Town of Carver. Water levels decreased by less than 2 feet from current average conditions compared to decreases of greater than 5","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095063","isbn":"9781411324336","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection-Drinking Water Program","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Carlson, C.S., Walter, D.A., Other contributing authors: Bent, G.C., and Massey, A.J., 2009, Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury Aquifer System, Southeastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5063, vi, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095063.","productDescription":"vi, 111 p.","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5063.jpg"},{"id":13221,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.91666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -70.91666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -70.41666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -70.41666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -70.91666666666667,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6277a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Other contributing authors: Bent, Gardner C.","contributorId":106219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Other contributing authors: Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Massey, Andrew J. 0000-0003-3995-8657 ajmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-8657","contributorId":1862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Andrew","email":"ajmassey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98022,"text":"sir20095026 - 2009 - Simulation of streamflow using a multidimensional flow model for white sturgeon habitat, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho – Supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T19:58:27.254958","indexId":"sir20095026","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5026","title":"Simulation of streamflow using a multidimensional flow model for white sturgeon habitat, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho – Supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230","docAbstract":"During 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed, calibrated, and validated a multidimensional flow model for simulating streamflow in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River in Idaho. The model was developed as a tool to aid understanding of the physical factors affecting quality and quantity of spawning and rearing habitat used by the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and for assessing the feasibility of various habitat-enhancement scenarios to re-establish recruitment of white sturgeon. At the request of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, the USGS extended the two-dimensional flow model developed in 2005 into a braided reach upstream of the current white sturgeon spawning reach. Many scientists consider the braided reach a suitable substrate with adequate streamflow velocities for re-establishing recruitment of white sturgeon. The 2005 model was extended upstream to help assess the feasibility of various strategies to encourage white sturgeon to spawn in the reach. At the request of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the USGS also extended the two-dimensional flow model several kilometers downstream of the white sturgeon spawning reach. This modified model can quantify the physical characteristics of a reach that white sturgeon pass through as they swim upstream from Kootenay Lake to the spawning reach. The USGS Multi-Dimensional Surface-Water Modeling System was used for the 2005 modeling effort and for this subsequent modeling effort. This report describes the model applications and limitations, presents the results of a few simple simulations, and demonstrates how the model can be used to link physical characteristics of streamflow to the location of white sturgeon spawning events during 1994-2001. Model simulations also were used to report on the length and percentage of longitudinal profiles that met the minimum criteria during May and June 2006 and 2007 as stipulated in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Biological Opinion.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., McDonald, R.R., and Nelson, J.M., 2009, Simulation of streamflow using a multidimensional flow model for white sturgeon habitat, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho – Supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5026, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095026.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5026.jpg"},{"id":392873,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87740.htm"},{"id":13220,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Bonners Ferry","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.4422,\n              48.6861\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1903,\n              48.6861\n              ],\n            [\n              -116.1903,\n              48.805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4422,\n              48.805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4422,\n              48.6861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6976cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98027,"text":"tm6A33 - 2009 - GWM-2005 - A Groundwater-Management Process for MODFLOW-2005 with Local Grid Refinement (LGR) Capability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"tm6A33","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A33","title":"GWM-2005 - A Groundwater-Management Process for MODFLOW-2005 with Local Grid Refinement (LGR) Capability","docAbstract":"This report describes the Groundwater-Management (GWM) Process for MODFLOW-2005, the 2005 version of the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional groundwater model. GWM can solve a broad range of groundwater-management problems by combined use of simulation- and optimization-modeling techniques. These problems include limiting groundwater-level declines or streamflow depletions, managing groundwater withdrawals, and conjunctively using groundwater and surface-water resources. GWM was initially released for the 2000 version of MODFLOW.\r\n\r\nSeveral modifications and enhancements have been made to GWM since its initial release to increase the scope of the program's capabilities and to improve its operation and reporting of results. The new code, which is called GWM-2005, also was designed to support the local grid refinement capability of MODFLOW-2005. Local grid refinement allows for the simulation of one or more higher resolution local grids (referred to as child models) within a coarser grid parent model. Local grid refinement is often needed to improve simulation accuracy in regions where hydraulic gradients change substantially over short distances or in areas requiring detailed representation of aquifer heterogeneity. GWM-2005 can be used to formulate and solve groundwater-management problems that include components in both parent and child models. Although local grid refinement increases simulation accuracy, it can also substantially increase simulation run times.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A33","usgsCitation":"Ahlfeld, D.P., Baker, K.M., and Barlow, P.M., 2009, GWM-2005 - A Groundwater-Management Process for MODFLOW-2005 with Local Grid Refinement (LGR) Capability: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A33, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A33.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a33.gif"},{"id":13225,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a33/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b146b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlfeld, David P.","contributorId":49464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlfeld","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Kristine M.","contributorId":21250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155332,"text":"70155332 - 2009 - Hydrogeologic characteristics and water levels of Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:30:54","indexId":"70155332","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics and water levels of Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>The Wilcox Group of Eocene and Paleocene age is located throughout most of southern and eastern Arkansas. The Wilcox Group in southern Arkansas is undifferentiated, while in northeastern Arkansas, the Wilcox Group is subdivided into three units: Flour Island, Fort Pillow Sand, and Old Breastworks Formation. The Wilcox Group crops out in southwestern Arkansas in discontinuous, 1 to 3 mi wide bands. In northeastern Arkansas, the Wilcox Group crops out along a narrow, discontinuous, band along the western edge of Crowleys Ridge. </p><p>The Wilcox aquifer provides sources of groundwater in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas. In 2005, reported withdrawals from the Wilcox aquifer in Arkansas totaled 27.0 million gallons per day, most of which came from the northeastern area. Major withdrawals from the aquifer were for public supplies with lesser but locally important withdrawals for commercial, domestic, and industrial uses. </p><p>A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey to determine the water levels associated with the Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas. During February 2009, 58 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer. The results from this study and previous studies are presented as potentiometric-surface maps, water-level difference maps, and long-term hydrographs. </p><p>The direction of groundwater flow in the southwestern area is affected by two potentiometric-surface mounds, one in the north and the other in the southwest, and a cone of depression in the center. The direction of water flowing off of the northern mound of water is generally to the south and east with some to the north. The direction of water flowing off of the southwestern mound is generally to the south and east. The direction of water flowing into the cone of depression is generally from the north, west, and south. The direction of groundwater flow in the northeastern area is generally to the south and southeast, except in the northwestern part of the area where the flow is in a westerly direction towards Paragould. Large groundwater withdrawals have altered the natural direction of flow near centers of pumping at Paragould and West Memphis. </p><p>Water-level difference maps for the Wilcox aquifer in Arkansas were constructed using the differences between water-level measurements made during 2003 and 2009 from 52 wells. The difference in water levels between 2003 and 2009 in the southwestern area ranged from -36.4 to 16.0 ft. Water levels rose in the northern parts of the southwestern area, while the water levels in the southern part of the area declined with the exception of one well. The differences in water levels between 2003 and 2009 in the&nbsp;northeastern area ranged from -21.7 to 1.3 ft. Water levels declined throughout the northeastern area with the exception of two wells. </p><p>Hydrographs from 42 wells with a minimum of 20 yr of water-level measurements were constructed. Trend lines using linear regression were calculated for the period from 1990 to 2009 to determine the slope in ft/yr for water levels in each well. In the southwestern area, the county mean annual water level rose 0.15 ft/yr in Hot Spring County. County mean annual water levels declined between 0.71 ft/yr and 0.03 ft/yr in Clark, Hempstead, and Nevada counties. In the northeastern area, the county mean annual water level rose 0.46 ft/yr in Greene County. County mean annual water levels declined between 0.03 ft/yr and 2.12 ft/yr in Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Lee, Mississippi, Poinsett, and St. Francis counties.</p>","conferenceTitle":"GCAGS 59th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"September 27-29, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Shreveport, LA","language":"English","publisher":"The Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., and Schrader, T.P., 2009, Hydrogeologic characteristics and water levels of Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas, GCAGS 59th Annual Meeting, Shreveport, LA, September 27-29, 2009, p. 621-636.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"636","ipdsId":"IP-013697","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Wilcox aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.14007568359375,\n              36.4566360115962\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.164794921875,\n              36.405810193726765\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2252197265625,\n              36.33061543982086\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2911376953125,\n              36.28192129773192\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.33782958984375,\n              36.24427318493909\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.41473388671875,\n              36.1955251660701\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.47241210937499,\n              36.11125252076156\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.53009033203125,\n              36.02244668175846\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              35.92019610057511\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6536865234375,\n              35.820040281161\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.66741943359374,\n              35.73090666520053\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6536865234375,\n              35.563512051219696\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.67291259765625,\n              35.411438052435464\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.703125,\n              35.306160014550784\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68939208984375,\n              35.209721645221386\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.69488525390625,\n              35.1041810882765\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.72509765625,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65643310546875,\n              34.89268966339912\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6427001953125,\n              34.75740963726007\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6427001953125,\n              34.687427949314845\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59051513671875,\n              34.66032236481892\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54656982421875,\n              34.687427949314845\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.55206298828125,\n              34.635467787833214\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.494384765625,\n              34.642247047768535\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4559326171875,\n              34.689686347589344\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5328369140625,\n              34.703235443285095\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.53009033203125,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.51910400390624,\n              34.79801697349404\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.516357421875,\n              34.732584206123626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.45318603515625,\n              34.73709847578162\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.45867919921875,\n              34.800272350556824\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.47241210937499,\n              34.84536693184101\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46142578125,\n              34.88818391007525\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.428466796875,\n              34.87015842600913\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.428466796875,\n              34.836349990763864\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.30487060546875,\n              34.867904962568716\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.23345947265625,\n              34.91521472314689\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.25543212890625,\n              34.96474810049312\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29388427734375,\n              34.99850370014629\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.296630859375,\n              35.03449433167976\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2252197265625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.18951416015625,\n              35.04573815523954\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17303466796875,\n              35.110921809704756\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.120849609375,\n              35.133386854253075\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.08514404296875,\n              35.12889434101051\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.07965087890625,\n              35.15360009635797\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.11260986328125,\n              35.185032937998294\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              35.21196570103912\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0933837890625,\n              35.24337596896174\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.15106201171875,\n              35.25907654252574\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              35.285984736065764\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10986328125,\n              35.30840140169162\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10162353515625,\n              35.337533782800946\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.07965087890625,\n              35.40024478679507\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.13458251953125,\n              35.411438052435464\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.12908935546874,\n              35.377853592996836\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.18402099609374,\n              35.380092992092145\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1593017578125,\n              35.43605776486772\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10986328125,\n              35.45395828344931\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              35.47632833265728\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.07415771484375,\n              35.458432791026304\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.06317138671875,\n              35.41367651903578\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.01373291015625,\n              35.44500852178629\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.01922607421875,\n              35.47185482057798\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.03570556640624,\n              35.505400093441324\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.05218505859375,\n              35.552339944156195\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.00274658203125,\n              35.561277754384555\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9615478515625,\n              35.529991058953506\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              35.516578738902936\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9066162109375,\n              35.54116627999815\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9285888671875,\n              35.55904339525896\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.95056152343749,\n              35.59031875398378\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.857177734375,\n              35.634976650677295\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.85443115234375,\n              35.679609609368576\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.901123046875,\n              35.66622234103479\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93133544921875,\n              35.68184060244453\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.95330810546875,\n              35.72644736208901\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.91485595703125,\n              35.75765724051559\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              35.737595151747826\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8077392578125,\n              35.7688006602384\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.78851318359375,\n              35.82226734114509\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.72808837890625,\n              35.79108281624994\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69512939453125,\n              35.82226734114509\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71435546875,\n              35.84453450421662\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.76104736328125,\n              35.86902116501695\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7528076171875,\n              35.902399875143615\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.67315673828125,\n              35.88682489453265\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              35.89350026142572\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.65118408203125,\n              35.93131670856903\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.68963623046875,\n              35.9535532323321\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.72259521484375,\n              35.991340960635405\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37902832031249,\n              35.99800750540412\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3570556640625,\n              36.03799493963657\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.31036376953125,\n              36.089060460282006\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.28289794921875,\n              36.12012758978146\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24169921875,\n              36.13565654678543\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2252197265625,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1812744140625,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.12908935546874,\n              36.23319675732526\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10986328125,\n              36.26420679934512\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.07965087890625,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0714111328125,\n              36.29963177650553\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.076904296875,\n              36.328402729422656\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.07415771484375,\n              36.363798554158635\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.06591796875,\n              36.39475669987386\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10986328125,\n              36.40802070382984\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.120849609375,\n              36.41907231092499\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.14007568359375,\n              36.4566360115962\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.70376586914062,\n              33.482426642603215\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.48403930664062,\n              33.47727218776036\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.48403930664062,\n              33.448630743672624\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22380065917969,\n              33.44060944370356\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22311401367188,\n              33.45493267328553\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.11805725097656,\n              33.454359789517014\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.12080383300781,\n              33.380426059298046\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.80014038085938,\n              33.37010472148162\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77061462402344,\n              33.380426059298046\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75688171386717,\n              33.38558626887102\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7520751953125,\n              33.384439582098224\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73216247558594,\n              33.38501292737507\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72254943847656,\n              33.377559143878244\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.70401000976562,\n              33.365517067093464\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6868438720703,\n              33.366664003369884\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.68135070800781,\n              33.36035566675374\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.66555786132812,\n              33.35978215892918\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64289855957031,\n              33.36781092452689\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63603210449219,\n              33.367237465838315\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6202392578125,\n              33.35978215892918\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.59963989257812,\n              33.36322314918339\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.59277343749999,\n              33.37297188262367\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.58247375488281,\n              33.366090537121586\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.56393432617188,\n              33.36379663433047\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.56462097167969,\n              33.372398457955555\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.56256103515625,\n              33.381572799001766\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5769805908203,\n              33.37354530351156\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.58453369140625,\n              33.38386623304054\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.58453369140625,\n              33.39361265280212\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.59140014648438,\n              33.40163829558251\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.60856628417967,\n              33.40450441694291\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.61543273925781,\n              33.408516828002675\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.62779235839844,\n              33.40221152741838\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64495849609375,\n              33.39647903888081\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64633178710938,\n              33.40565083901331\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63603210449219,\n              33.40679724595547\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63397216796875,\n              33.4142485223105\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64564514160156,\n              33.41826048326625\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64358520507812,\n              33.42628384909871\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.65251159667969,\n              33.42513769937646\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64976501464844,\n              33.4302952539532\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.66075134277344,\n              33.4348794896361\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.67448425292969,\n              33.43086829665599\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6868438720703,\n              33.4302952539532\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.70401000976562,\n              33.43316042963198\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.70675659179688,\n              33.43946348316134\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.70538330078125,\n              33.45034949716455\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.70195007324217,\n              33.46180698328054\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7081298828125,\n              33.45607842946798\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.71430969238281,\n              33.453786901963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72048950195312,\n              33.460661302798854\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72804260253906,\n              33.46524393387907\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72392272949219,\n              33.46925353734004\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.71842956542969,\n              33.477844920109966\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72048950195312,\n              33.488153454942704\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72941589355469,\n              33.489871424805116\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73353576660155,\n              33.49387988861095\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73696899414062,\n              33.48529009610487\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74932861328124,\n              33.48529009610487\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75482177734375,\n              33.48929877197108\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76374816894531,\n              33.49445251114959\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76100158691406,\n              33.50132368621321\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75070190429688,\n              33.503613956705365\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76718139648438,\n              33.507621784243526\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77198791503905,\n              33.51391942394942\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76237487792969,\n              33.51792677420186\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76237487792969,\n              33.52365123826154\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76100158691406,\n              33.53223722395908\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77610778808594,\n              33.535099029737715\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77610778808594,\n              33.547117579470296\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7685546875,\n              33.55055114384406\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.757568359375,\n              33.54940663754663\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75482177734375,\n              33.54540074611775\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74658203125,\n              33.546545305476094\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73902893066406,\n              33.55741786324217\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7301025390625,\n              33.5608510182527\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.71842956542969,\n              33.553412343258444\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.70744323730469,\n              33.57915887334388\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.71774291992186,\n              33.594031146632354\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72666931152344,\n              33.606613375388086\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73490905761719,\n              33.6277702558794\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.724609375,\n              33.64434904445888\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.71156311035156,\n              33.65063671551899\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.69577026367188,\n              33.6477787401531\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.68547058105469,\n              33.65578083204094\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.65731811523438,\n              33.660353121928814\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64907836914062,\n              33.667211101197545\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63259887695312,\n              33.69578012931697\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.61817932128906,\n              33.69977903558792\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.61405944824219,\n              33.70720508199262\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.60650634765625,\n              33.714630486382156\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5872802734375,\n              33.7374738569288\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.58522033691405,\n              33.80140293756829\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.33322143554688,\n              33.7934144111874\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.34146118164062,\n              33.80939071834913\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.340087890625,\n              33.8247936182649\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.34352111816405,\n              33.841334383760426\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.36892700195312,\n              33.86243347149933\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.38677978515625,\n              33.86927529957081\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.39433288574219,\n              33.881817226884806\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.39158630371094,\n              33.890367484132945\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.39982604980469,\n              33.90005673964575\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.40669250488281,\n              33.91544329434573\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.41630554199219,\n              33.93082707134273\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.44033813476562,\n              33.95759961080361\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.45681762695312,\n              33.96898962654881\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.47467041015625,\n              33.970697997361626\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.46986389160156,\n              34.05664164035593\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.33253479003906,\n              34.057210513510306\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.34695434570312,\n              34.06801837800197\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.36274719238281,\n              34.07086232376631\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.373046875,\n              34.08849265654644\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3895263671875,\n              34.102707993174874\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.40325927734375,\n              34.10611931869012\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.40325927734375,\n              34.113510052127566\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.41424560546875,\n              34.121468581363075\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.42454528808594,\n              34.12601597608051\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.44308471679688,\n              34.126584383223324\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.45750427246094,\n              34.129426361612204\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4664306640625,\n              34.13908837343849\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.48497009277344,\n              34.13226824445654\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.49595642089844,\n              34.14363482031264\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.67379760742188,\n              34.1521587488017\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.67654418945312,\n              34.236215380880736\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.67242431640625,\n              34.24245948736849\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.66899108886719,\n              34.41314107500127\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.69027709960938,\n              34.415406930259316\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83378601074219,\n              34.295232054468634\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.933349609375,\n              34.15840908301177\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.20526123046875,\n              33.819659626496865\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2958984375,\n              33.73347670599252\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.42155456542969,\n              33.6477787401531\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.47648620605469,\n              33.63234403356961\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.52180480957031,\n              33.65292302748791\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.57879638671875,\n              33.67349710191309\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.70719909667969,\n              33.63005717508159\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.70376586914062,\n              33.482426642603215\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84cae4b092b266f10de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037766,"text":"70037766 - 2009 - Status and conservation of lampreys in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T15:40:10.614318","indexId":"70037766","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T16:19:34","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and conservation of lampreys in California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"entry-body\"><div class=\"entry-content\"><p><i>Abstract</i>.—Lampreys are among the least studied group of fishes in California. At least seven species inhabit freshwater habitats within the state, including the Kern brook lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lampetra hubbsi</i>, a California endemic. Four species are micropredators on fish, Pacific lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. tridentata</i>), river lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. ayresii</i>, Klamath lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. similis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. similis</i>) and Goose Lake lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Entosphenus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sp. The remaining three species are nonfeeding as adults and are presumed to have many populations isolated from one another. Pacific lamprey and river lamprey are anadromous and may have increased diversity through multiple runs. A systematic analysis of the limited information available indicates that, with the possible exception of the Pit-Klamath brook lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. lethophagus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. lethophaga</i>), all species are either declining, in low numbers, or in isolated populations. Causes of the declines are multiple and species-specific, but in general, alteration of watersheds by humans, resulting in increased siltation, temperatures and pollution, as well as other habitat changes are the principal causes. Protecting lampreys has the benefit of protecting stream ecosystems throughout the state because of the wide historic presence of lampreys and because ammocoetes require clean, cool water and relatively complex habitat, including stable backwaters.</p></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology, management, and conservation of lampreys in North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 72","conferenceDate":"September 6, 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, California, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.47886/9781934874134.ch17","usgsCitation":"Moyle, P.B., Brown, L.R., Chase, S.D., and Quinones, R.M., 2009, Status and conservation of lampreys in California, <i>in</i> Biology, management, and conservation of lampreys in North America, San Francisco, California, United States, September 6, 2007, p. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch17.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"292","ipdsId":"IP-007533","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519977,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, Shawn D.","contributorId":120209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519979,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519978,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beamish, Richard J.","contributorId":195104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beamish","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519975,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519976,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":514065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Shawn D.","contributorId":120209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinones, Rebecca M.","contributorId":120271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70146259,"text":"70146259 - 2009 - Predicting bed shear stress and its role in sediment dynamics and restoration potential of the Everglades and other vegetated flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:10:24","indexId":"70146259","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting bed shear stress and its role in sediment dynamics and restoration potential of the Everglades and other vegetated flow systems","docAbstract":"<p>Entrainment of sediment by flowing water affects topography, habitat suitability, and nutrient cycling in vegetated floodplains and wetlands, impacting ecosystem evolution and the success of restoration projects. Nonetheless, restoration managers lack simple decision-support tools for predicting shear stresses and sediment redistribution potential in different vegetation communities. Using a field-validated numerical model, we developed state-space diagrams that provide these predictions over a range of water-surface slopes, depths, and associated velocities in Everglades ridge and slough vegetation communities. Diminished bed shear stresses and a consequent decrease in bed sediment redistribution are hypothesized causes of a recent reduction in the topographic and vegetation heterogeneity of this ecosystem. Results confirmed the inability of present-day flows to entrain bed sediment. Further, our diagrams showed bed shear stresses to be highly sensitive to emergent vegetation density and water-surface slope but less sensitive to water depth and periphyton or floating vegetation abundance. These findings suggested that instituting a pulsing flow regime could be the most effective means to restore sediment redistribution to the Everglades. However, pulsing flows will not be sufficient to erode sediment from sloughs with abundant spikerush, unless spikerush density first decreases by natural or managed processes. Our methods provide a novel tool for identifying restoration parameters and performance measures in many types of vegetated aquatic environments where sediment erosion and deposition are involved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.09.002","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., Harvey, J., and Crimaldi, J.P., 2009, Predicting bed shear stress and its role in sediment dynamics and restoration potential of the Everglades and other vegetated flow systems: Ecological Engineering, v. 35, no. 12, p. 1773-1785, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.09.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1773","endPage":"1785","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011565","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362346e4b0b22a15807ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G. lglarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","email":"lglarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crimaldi, John P.","contributorId":58918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimaldi","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70156109,"text":"70156109 - 2009 - Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T10:12:11","indexId":"70156109","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater is a major resource in Hawaii and is the principal source of water for municipal, agricultural, and industrial use. With a growing population, a long-term downward trend in rainfall, and the need for proper groundwater management, a better understanding of the hydroclimatological system is essential. Proxy records from corals can supplement long-term observational networks, offering an accessible source of hydrologic and climate information. To develop a qualitative proxy for historic groundwater discharge to coastal waters, a suite of rare earth elements and yttrium (REYs) were analyzed from coral cores collected along the south shore of Moloka'i, Hawaii. The coral REY to calcium (Ca) ratios were evaluated against hydrological parameters, yielding the strongest relationship to base flow. Dissolution of REYs from labradorite and olivine in the basaltic rock aquifers is likely the primary source of coastal ocean REYs. There was a statistically significant downward trend (&minus;40%) in subannually resolved REY/Ca ratios over the last century. This is consistent with long-term records of stream discharge from Moloka'i, which imply a downward trend in base flow since 1913. A decrease in base flow is observed statewide, consistent with the long-term downward trend in annual rainfall over much of the state. With greater demands on freshwater resources, it is appropriate for withdrawal scenarios to consider long-term trends and short-term climate variability. It is possible that coral paleohydrological records can be used to conduct model-data comparisons in groundwater flow models used to simulate changes in groundwater level and coastal discharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union and the Geochemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002714","usgsCitation":"Prouty, N.G., Jupiter, S.D., Field, M.E., and McCulloch, M.T., 2009, Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 12, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002714.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015328","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/1dc0642b-ad3d-4f8b-b9cc-c069e8b5fa18","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Moloka'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.8621063232422,\n              21.165843535728857\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8696594238281,\n              21.170325734883082\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8799591064453,\n              21.1735272225717\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.88819885253906,\n              21.1735272225717\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8964385986328,\n              21.17224663581052\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.90124511718747,\n              21.165203210480364\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.91017150878906,\n              21.170325734883082\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.91909790039062,\n              21.1735272225717\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.92596435546875,\n              21.17864945874782\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9403839111328,\n              21.177368916335176\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.94313049316406,\n              21.182491019452648\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9472503662109,\n              21.19465530313863\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.95274353027344,\n              21.205538287134836\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.96029663085938,\n              21.21257979063059\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9664764404297,\n              21.217700673132317\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.97402954101562,\n              21.217700673132317\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.98020935058594,\n              21.213860027911707\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9843292236328,\n              21.211299542246586\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.98501586914062,\n              21.20233749272323\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.98776245117188,\n              21.197216077387107\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9891357421875,\n              21.190173841414307\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.99462890624997,\n              21.185052004472833\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.00218200683594,\n              21.185052004472833\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.00973510742185,\n              21.186972714123776\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.01934814453125,\n              21.189533621502626\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.0323944091797,\n              21.191454272917575\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.04544067382812,\n              21.191454272917575\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.0543670654297,\n              21.188893398817655\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.06466674804688,\n              21.19273469332693\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.0763397216797,\n              21.193374899371197\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.08732604980466,\n              21.197216077387107\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.0989990234375,\n              21.199136628945716\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1147918701172,\n              21.199776807250093\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1271514892578,\n              21.202977657155095\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.14637756347656,\n              21.20361781881226\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.15530395507812,\n              21.204257977694652\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.16835021972656,\n              21.205538287134836\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.17933654785156,\n              21.207458730482642\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.18551635742188,\n              21.206178437692508\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1930694580078,\n              21.21450014238852\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.19650268554685,\n              21.220261047755002\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.2095489501953,\n              21.222821377953085\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.2198486328125,\n              21.222821377953085\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.23289489746094,\n              21.222181299568597\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.24456787109372,\n              21.22346145356076\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.2534942626953,\n              21.22730184889005\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.26104736328125,\n              21.22346145356076\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.26585388183594,\n              21.218340770952565\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.25830078125,\n              21.21193966782642\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.2528076171875,\n              21.204257977694652\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.2528076171875,\n              21.192094484509038\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.25486755371094,\n              21.182491019452648\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.26104736328125,\n              21.17288693057686\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.27272033691406,\n              21.16328221811101\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.28233337402344,\n              21.15879980561845\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.29125976562497,\n              21.149834573464354\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.29469299316406,\n              21.140228365318567\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.30499267578125,\n              21.131902481133498\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.30636596679685,\n              21.116530389515244\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.3139190673828,\n              21.11076544442754\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.31735229492188,\n              21.100516100210157\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.31185913085938,\n              21.091547343608116\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.28988647460938,\n              21.087703424995805\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.27272033691406,\n              21.08706276222476\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.2521209716797,\n              21.08257804548434\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.22740173339844,\n              21.083218727590673\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1710968017578,\n              21.088344085004397\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1498107910156,\n              21.09026604845475\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.12303161621094,\n              21.09475053314019\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.093505859375,\n              21.100516100210157\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.07839965820312,\n              21.099875492701216\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.06878662109375,\n              21.09667241370151\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.05093383789062,\n              21.090906697412837\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.03445434570312,\n              21.079374593525337\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.005615234375,\n              21.076171072527064\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.95960998535156,\n              21.062074760164435\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.92733764648438,\n              21.05310368407269\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.89918518066406,\n              21.047977112093452\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8744659423828,\n              21.04285036358773\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.86073303222656,\n              21.046695441515006\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.85317993164062,\n              21.046695441515006\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.82296752929685,\n              21.058870866501536\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.79962158203125,\n              21.065919341488122\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.77146911621094,\n              21.083218727590673\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7481231689453,\n              21.09667241370151\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.72409057617188,\n              21.120373561794867\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7151641845703,\n              21.134464341467762\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7028045654297,\n              21.151755740336135\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7082977294922,\n              21.163922551671376\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7206573486328,\n              21.165203210480364\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73027038574216,\n              21.16904512040848\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.74400329589844,\n              21.17672864097083\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.76185607910156,\n              21.17864945874782\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7769622802734,\n              21.179289725795993\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7852020263672,\n              21.177368916335176\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.79550170898438,\n              21.178009188927525\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.80992126464844,\n              21.177368916335176\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.81884765625,\n              21.17608836283457\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.829833984375,\n              21.169685429031365\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8401336669922,\n              21.171606338272724\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.8621063232422,\n              21.165843535728857\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305b0e4b0518e35468ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jupiter, Stacy D.","contributorId":146440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jupiter","given":"Stacy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16691,"text":"Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCulloch, Malcolm T.","contributorId":146439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCulloch","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16691,"text":"Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98017,"text":"sir20095147 - 2009 - Factors Affecting Water Quality in Domestic Wells in the Upper Floridan Aquifer, Southeastern United States, 1998-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"sir20095147","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5147","title":"Factors Affecting Water Quality in Domestic Wells in the Upper Floridan Aquifer, Southeastern United States, 1998-2005","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system is a highly productive carbonate aquifer that provides drinking water to about 10 million people in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Approximately 1.6 million people rely on domestic wells (privately owned household wells) for drinking water. Withdrawals of water from the Floridan aquifer system have increased by more than 500 percent from 630 million gallons per day (2.38 cubic meters per day) in 1950 to 4,020 million gallons per day (15.2 cubic meters per day) in 2000, largely due to increases in population, tourism, and agriculture production.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from 148 domestic wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama during 1998-2005 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The wells were located in different hydrogeologic settings based on confinement of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Five networks of wells were sampled con-sisting of 28 to 30 wells each: two networks were in unconfined areas, two networks were in semiconfined areas, and one network was in the confined area. Physical properties and concentrations of major ions, trace elements, nutrients, radon, and organic compounds (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) were measured in water samples. Concentrations were compared to water-quality benchmarks for human health, either U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for public water supplies or USGS Health-Based Screening Levels (HBSLs). The MCL for fluoride of 4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) was exceeded for two samples (about 1 percent of samples). A proposed MCL for radon of 300 picocuries per liter was exceeded in about 40 percent of samples.\r\n\r\nNitrate concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer ranged from less than the laboratory reporting level of 0.06 to 8 mg/L, with a median nitrate concentration less than 0.06 mg/L (as nitrogen). Nitrate concentrations did not exceed the MCL of 10 mg/L. Statistical comparisons indicated that median nitrate concentrations were significantly different by degree of confinement where the highest median nitrate concentration was 1.46 mg/L for 58 samples from unconfined areas, and by network, where the highest median nitrate concentration was 2.43 mg/L in 28 samples from unconfined areas in southwestern Georgia. Nitrate concentrations in unconfined areas were positively correlated to: (1) the percentage of agricultural land use around the well, (2) the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, and (3) the dissolved oxygen concentrations in groundwater.\r\n\r\nVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in about 63 percent of all samples. Chloroform, carbon disulfide, and 1,2-dichloropropane were the most frequently detected VOCs. Chloroform, a byproduct of water chlorination, was most frequently detected in unconfined urban areas. Carbon disulfide, a solvent, was most frequently detected in confined areas in southeastern Georgia. Pesticides were detected in about 21 percent of all samples, but were detected in about 69 percent of the 28 samples from unconfined areas in southwestern Georgia. The herbicides atrazine, deethylatrazine, and metolachlor were the most frequently detected pesticides.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095147","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the\r\nNational Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Berndt, M., Crandall, C.A., Deacon, M., Embry, T.L., and Howard, R.S., 2009, Factors Affecting Water Quality in Domestic Wells in the Upper Floridan Aquifer, Southeastern United States, 1998-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5147, ix, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095147.","productDescription":"ix, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":281,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center-Tallahassee","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5147.jpg"},{"id":13406,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df8be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berndt, Marian P.","contributorId":45296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deacon, Michael mdeacon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Michael","email":"mdeacon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Embry, Teresa L.","contributorId":61503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embry","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Rhonda S.","contributorId":66804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rhonda","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98016,"text":"fs20093004 - 2009 - The Water Cycle in Volusia County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"fs20093004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3004","title":"The Water Cycle in Volusia County","docAbstract":"Earth's water is always in motion. The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. This fact sheet provides information about how much water moves into and out of Volusia County, and where it is stored. It also illustrates the seasonal variation in water quantity and movement using data from some of the hydrologic data collection sites in or near Volusia County, Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Volusia County","usgsCitation":"German, E.R., 2009, The Water Cycle in Volusia County: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3004, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093004.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":168,"text":"Central Florida Research Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3004.jpg"},{"id":13338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.75,28.25 ], [ -81.75,29.75 ], [ -80.5,29.75 ], [ -80.5,28.25 ], [ -81.75,28.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"German, Edward R.","contributorId":85567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98018,"text":"sir20095118 - 2009 - Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20095118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5118","title":"Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07","docAbstract":"A study was conducted from 2004 to 2007 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess the characteristics of the local recharge areas of four caves in northern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma that provide habitat for a number of unique organisms. Characterization of the local recharge areas are important because the caves occur in a predominately karst system and because land use proximal to the caves, including areas suspected to lie within the local recharge areas, may include activities with potentially deleterious effects to cave water quality.\r\n\r\nAn integrated approach was used to determine the hydrogeologic characteristics and the extent of the local recharge areas of Civil War Cave, January-Stansbury Cave, Nesbitt Spring Cave, and Wasson's Mud Cave. This approach incorporated methods of hydrology, structural geology, geomorphology, and geochemistry. Continuous water-level and water-temperature data were collected at each cave for various periods to determine recharge characteristics. Field investigations were conducted to determine surficial controls affecting the groundwater flow and connections of the groundwater system to land-surface processes in each study area. Qualitative groundwater tracing also was conducted at each cave to help define the local recharge areas. These independent methods of investigation provided multiple lines of evidence for effectively describing the behavior of these complex hydrologic systems.\r\n\r\nCivil War Cave is located near the city of Bentonville in Benton County, Arkansas, and provides habitat for the Ozark cavefish. Civil War Cave is developed entirely within the epikarst of the upper Boone Formation, and recharge to Civil War Cave occurs from the Boone Formation (Springfield Plateau aquifer). The daily mean discharge for the period of study was 0.59 cubic feet per second and ranged from 0.19 to 2.8 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for Civil War Cave was 14.0 degrees Celsius. The calculated recharge area for Civil War Cave ranged from 0.13 to 2.5 square miles using the water-balance equation to 3.80 square miles using a normalized base-flow method. Tracer tests indicated a portion of the water within Civil War Cave was from across a major topographic divide located to the southwest.\r\n\r\nJanuary-Stansbury Cave is located in Delaware County in northeastern Oklahoma, and provides habitat for the Oklahoma cave crayfish and the Ozark cavefish. January-Stansbury Cave is developed in the St. Joe Limestone member of the Boone Formation. The daily mean discharge for the period of study was 1.0 cubic foot per second and ranged from 0.35 to 8.7 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for January-Stansbury Cave was 14.3 degrees. The calculated recharge area for January-Stansbury Cave using the water-balance equation ranged from approximately 0.04 to 0.83 square miles. Tracer tests generally showed water discharging from January-Stansbury Cave during high flow originates from within the topographic drainage area and from an area outside the topographic drainage area to the southwest.\r\n\r\nNesbitt Spring Cave is located near the city of Mountain View in north-central Arkansas and provides habitat for the Hell Creek cave crayfish. Nesbitt Spring Cave is developed in the Plattin Limestone (Ozark aquifer) and is recharged through the Boone Formation (Springfield Plateau aquifer). The mean daily discharge for the period of study was 4.5 cubic feet per second and ranged from 0.39 to 70.7 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for Nesbitt Spring Cave was 14.2 degrees Celsius. The calculated recharge area for Nesbitt Spring Cave using the water-balance equation ranged from 0.49 square mile to 4.0 square miles. Tracer tests generally showed a portion of water discharging from Nesbitt Spring during high flow originates from outside the topographic drainage area.\r\n\r\nWasson's Mud Cave is located near the city of Springtown ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gillip, J.A., Galloway, J.M., and Hart, R.M., 2009, Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5118, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095118.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5118.jpg"},{"id":13209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,35.5 ], [ -95,37 ], [ -91.75,37 ], [ -91.75,35.5 ], [ -95,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67296a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillip, Jonathan A. jgillip@usgs.gov","contributorId":3222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillip","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164446,"text":"70164446 - 2009 - Antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations affect predator avoidance behavior of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:44:23","indexId":"70164446","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations affect predator avoidance behavior of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of embryonic and larval exposure to environmentally relevant (ng/L) concentrations of common antidepressants, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and bupropion (singularly and in mixture) on C-start escape behavior were evaluated in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Embryos (postfertilization until hatching) were exposed for 5 d and, after hatching, were allowed to grow in control well water until 12 d old. Similarly, posthatch fathead minnows were exposed for 12 d to these compounds. High-speed (1,000 frames/s) video recordings of escape behavior were collected and transferred to National Institutes of Health Image for frame-by- frame analysis of latency periods, escape velocities, and total escape response (combination of latency period and escape velocity). When tested 12 d posthatch, fluoxetine and venlafaxine adversely affected C-start performance of larvae exposed as embryos. Conversely, larvae exposed for 12 d posthatch did not exhibit altered escape responses when exposed to fluoxetine but were affected by venlafaxine and bupropion exposure. Mixtures of these four antidepressant pharmaceuticals slowed predator avoidance behaviors in larval fathead minnows regardless of the exposure window. The direct impact of reduced C-start performance on survival and, ultimately, reproductive fitness provides an avenue to assess the ecological relevance of exposure in an assay of relatively short duration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry/Wiley","doi":"10.1897/08-556.1","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Barber, L.B., McGee, M.R., Buerkley, M.A., Julius, M.L., Vajda, A.M., Schoenfuss, H.L., Schultz, M.M., and Norris, D., 2009, Antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations affect predator avoidance behavior of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 12, p. 2677-2684, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-556.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2677","endPage":"2684","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009934","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1897/08-556.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":316587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b48443e4b0cc79998052d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, Meghan R.","contributorId":156305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGee","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buerkley, Megan A.","contributorId":156304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buerkley","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Julius, Matthew L.","contributorId":156303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Julius","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vajda, Alan M.","contributorId":156301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vajda","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":156302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schultz, Melissa M.","contributorId":52013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norris, David O.","contributorId":156306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"David O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":98013,"text":"sir20095245 - 2009 - Tritium concentrations in environmental samples and transpiration rates from the vicinity of Mary's Branch Creek and background areas, Barnwell, South Carolina, 2007-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T12:33:46","indexId":"sir20095245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5245","title":"Tritium concentrations in environmental samples and transpiration rates from the vicinity of Mary's Branch Creek and background areas, Barnwell, South Carolina, 2007-2009","docAbstract":"Tritium in groundwater from a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility near Barnwell, South Carolina, is discharging to Mary's Branch Creek. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an investigation from 2007 to 2009 to examine the tritium concentration in trees and air samples near the creek and in background areas, in groundwater near the creek, and in surface water from the creek. Tritium was found in trees near the creek, but not in trees from background areas or from sites unlikely to be in direct root contact with tritium-contaminated groundwater. Tritium was found in groundwater near the creek and in the surface water of the creek. Analysis of tree material has the potential to be a useful tool in locating shallow tritium-contaminated groundwater. A tritium concentration of 1.4 million picocuries per liter was measured in shallow groundwater collected near a tulip poplar located in an area of tritium-contaminated groundwater discharge. Evapotranspiration rates from the tree and tritium concentrations in water extracted from tree cores indicate that during the summer, this tulip poplar may remove more than 17.1 million picocuries of tritium per day from the groundwater that otherwise would discharge to Mary's Branch Creek. Analysis of air samples near the tree showed no evidence that the transpirative release of tritium to the air created a vapor hazard in the forest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Canova, J.L., Bradley, P.M., and Landmeyer, J., 2009, Tritium concentrations in environmental samples and transpiration rates from the vicinity of Mary's Branch Creek and background areas, Barnwell, South Carolina, 2007-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5245, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095245.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"17","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13371,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5245.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Barnwell","otherGeospatial":"Mary's Branch Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.401457,33.212415 ], [ -81.401457,33.266866 ], [ -81.333084,33.266866 ], [ -81.333084,33.212415 ], [ -81.401457,33.212415 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canova, Judy L.","contributorId":98005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canova","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}