Sediment is one of the most common causes of loss of stream-biologic integrity, whether in suspension in the water column, or as deposition on a stream or lake bottom. Fine-grained silts and clays are of particular concern because they can degrade habitat and often carry phosphorus and (or) other contaminants harmful to humans and aquatic life. Sediment-impaired water bodies, usually identified by fair to poor macroinvertebrate index scores, are placed on the 303(d) list of impaired waters, where a sediment Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is developed under the Clean Water Act (https://www.epa.gov/tmdl). In order to effectively manage sediment, it is necessary to identify the sediment sources and locations of “hot spots” of erosion and deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183008","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A.C., Gorman Sanisaca, L.E., and Cashman, M.J., 2018, Sediment source assessment using sediment fingerprints: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3008, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183008.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":206,"text":"Cooperative Water Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3008/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":351882,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3008/fs20183008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"577 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3008"}],"contact":"Director, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
Geologists recognize lavas and ash deposits from about 60 past eruptions in the area around Mammoth Mountain and Devils Postpile, California. This raises the unanswerable question, “When will it erupt again?” An alternative, answerable, and informative question is, “How often has it erupted?”
In the Mammoth Lakes Sierra, geologists have mapped in great detail all the lavas and ash deposits produced by those 60 eruptions. They have dated almost all of them by laboratory methods, showing that eruptions have been repetitive and persistent, though not quite regular, over the last quarter-million years. For few volcanoes in the world is the long-term eruptive frequency so well calibrated as in the Mammoth Lakes Sierra.
Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
This paper extends and detides a Karachi tide-gauge record as an observational basis for assessing Indian Ocean tsunami risk. The extended marigram encompasses the time of the great 1945 Makran earthquake of early November 28, local time, and of the ensuing tsunami, which continued into November 29. The marigram was published previously as a 9-h excerpt that begins 1 h after the earthquake. The full marigram presented here covers most of 17 days from November 15 to December 1. Gaps include a tsunami-induced outage that may help explain why the highest water level gauged is 1 m below the maximum water level reported nearby. The detiding method computes a reference tidal curve that disregards all observations from November 28 and 29. For those 2 days, the reference tide is guided by Admiralty tide tables and, secondarily, by high waters and low waters gauged before and after. As in previous estimates, the detided tsunami crests about 0.5 m above ambient tide, but now with the possibility that the gauge failed to record a higher wave. Anomalies described for the first time include an early one that likely resulted from a recognized problem with the Karachi tide station, but which might instead represent an earthquake precursor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40562-018-0121-z","usgsCitation":"Adams, L.M., Atwater, B., and Hasan, H., 2018, Karachi tides during the 1945 Makran tsunami: Geoscience Letters, v. 5, 25, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-018-0121-z.","productDescription":"25, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096184","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-018-0121-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","city":"Karachi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 64.31396484375,\n 23.50355189742412\n ],\n [\n 68.35693359375,\n 23.50355189742412\n ],\n [\n 68.35693359375,\n 25.819671943904044\n ],\n [\n 64.31396484375,\n 25.819671943904044\n ],\n [\n 64.31396484375,\n 23.50355189742412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Loyce M.","contributorId":296685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Loyce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":64136,"text":"University of Washington [Seattle]","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":204658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hasan, Haider","contributorId":194819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasan","given":"Haider","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199688,"text":"70199688 - 2018 - Plant production responses to precipitation differ along an elevation gradient and are enhanced under extremes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T09:25:24","indexId":"70199688","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-25T16:30:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant production responses to precipitation differ along an elevation gradient and are enhanced under extremes","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of plant production to precipitation underlies the functioning of ecosystems. Studies that relate long-term mean annual precipitation and production across multiple sites(spatial relationship) or examine interannual linkages within a site (temporal relationship) can reveal biophysical controls over ecosystem function but have limited ability to infer responses to extreme changes in precipitation that may become more common under climate change. To overcome limitations of using a single approach, we integrated satellite- and ground-based estimates of production with a standardized, multi-site precipitation manipulation experiment across a grassland elevation gradient in the southwestern USA. The responsiveness of production to changes in precipitation followed the order: temporal (0.06–0.13 g m−2 mm−1) < spatial (0.21 g m−2 mm−1) < experimental relationship (0.25–0.42 g m−2 mm−1), suggesting that spatial and temporal relationships determined with satellite- and ground-based estimates cannot be extrapolated to determine the effect of extreme events. A strong production response to differences in mean annual precipitation across sites reinforces a regional control of water availability. Interannual sensitivity to precipitation was strongest at the low elevation grasslands, and the high elevation mixed conifer meadow had a large reduction in production in a drought year. Extreme experimental drought strongly reduced production in low elevation grasslands, but water addition had mixed effects. High elevation meadows were insensitive to both extreme drought and water addition. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for extreme climate regimes and site-level factors when scaling climate change effects up to regional and global scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-018-0296-3","usgsCitation":"Munson, S.M., Bunting, E., Bradford, J.B., Butterfield, B.J., and Gremer, J., 2018, Plant production responses to precipitation differ along an elevation gradient and are enhanced under extremes: Ecosystems, v. 22, no. 4, p. 699-708, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0296-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"708","ipdsId":"IP-090212","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f8ce4b0fc368eb538b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunting, Erin L.","contributorId":208169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunting","given":"Erin L.","affiliations":[{"id":37758,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gremer, Jennifer R.","contributorId":181751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gremer","given":"Jennifer R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199691,"text":"70199691 - 2018 - Burn severity controls on postfire Araucaria‐Nothofagus regeneration in the Andean Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:17:48","indexId":"70199691","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-25T16:29:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Burn severity controls on postfire Araucaria‐Nothofagus regeneration in the Andean Cordillera","title":"Burn severity controls on postfire Araucaria‐Nothofagus regeneration in the Andean Cordillera","docAbstract":"Aim
The aim of the study was to investigate postfire regeneration patterns of Araucaria‐Nothofagus forests on the west slope of the Andes; to evaluate the relationship between remotely sensed burn severity and forest mortality; and to assess controls of burn severity on forest response at local spatio‐temporal scales.
Location
Araucanía region in the western Andean Range of south‐central Chile where fire occurred during the 2001–2002 season.
Methods
Sampling of prefire stand structure and postfire vegetation response was performed along a burn severity gradient a decade after the fire. We evaluated the relationship between field‐measured tree mortality and satellite‐derived burn severity using a generalized linear model. We fit zero‐inflated mixture models to regeneration data of each genus to assess the importance of abiotic variables, stand characteristics, and biotic interactions.
Results
The relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio explained 85% of the variability in canopy mortality. Nearly 12,000 hectares burned; the majority at high severity (67%). Regeneration densities of both genera were lower at higher levels of burn severity and higher with greater total basal area (live, dead, and down trees). The relative effect size of burn severity on regeneration was nearly twice as large for Nothofagus, which suggests information legacies of Araucaria have cascading effects on postdisturbance material legacies.
Main conclusions
Araucaria‐Nothofagus mortality from wildfire can be readily mapped using satellite‐derived burn severity. Although environmental site characteristics and biotic interactions mediate regeneration, basal area, and burn severity are the main mechanisms controlling regeneration. Forest refugia and postfire regeneration are vulnerable to recurrent fire. Therefore, we expect future fire (either increased severity or frequency), driven by landscape level changes, as a potential mechanism that can reduce local resilience of these forests as initial postfire material legacies (e.g., refugia and regeneration) are removed from the landscape. Our findings highlight an approach to quantify important attributes of forest disturbance and refugia, and identify areas for monitoring postdisturbance regeneration as the forests throughout south‐central Chile and Argentina face a multitude of potential change agents.
Low‐temperature thermochronometry is widely used to measure the timing and rate of slip on normal faults. Rates are often derived from suites of footwall thermochronometer samples, but regression of age vs. structural depth fails to account for the trajectories of samples during fault slip. We demonstrate that in rotating fault blocks, regression of age‐depth data is susceptible to significant errors (>10%) in the identification of the initiation and rate of faulting. Advection of heat and topographic growth influence the thermal histories of exhumed particles, but for a range of geologically reasonable fault geometries and rates these effects produce Apatite (U‐Th)/He ages comparable to those derived from rotation through fixed isotherms. We apply the fixed‐isotherm model to published data from the Pine Forest Range and the East Range, Nevada, by incorporating field and thermochronologic constraints into a Markov chain Monte Carlo model. Modeled parameters for the Pine Forest Range are described by narrow ranges of geologically reasonable values. Compared to slip rates of 0.3‐0.8 km/Myr and an inititation of faulting ca. 11‐12 Ma derived from visual inspection, the model predicts an average slip rate of ~1.1 km/Myr and an onset of faulting ca. 9‐10 Ma. For the East Range fault block the model suggests faulting begain ~17 Ma with an extension rate of ~3 km/Myr and slowed to an extension rate of ~0.5 km/Myr at ~14 Ma. The absence of a preserved partial retention zone in the East Range sample set limits how well the model can predict fault block geometry.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2018TC005207","usgsCitation":"Johnstone, S., and Colgan, J.P., 2018, Interpretation of low‐temperature thermochronometer ages from tilted normal fault blocks: Tectonics, v. 37, no. 10, p. 3647-3667, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005207.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3647","endPage":"3667","ipdsId":"IP-099026","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://eartharxiv.org/an3fr/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f8ce4b0fc368eb538bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnstone, Samuel 0000-0002-3945-2499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-2499","contributorId":207545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnstone","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199308,"text":"ofr20181149 - 2018 - 2018 report on incorporating sedimentary basin response into the design of tall buildings in Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T16:38:19","indexId":"ofr20181149","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-25T09:22:44","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1149","title":"2018 report on incorporating sedimentary basin response into the design of tall buildings in Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"On March 22, 2018, the Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) convened a workshop of engineers and seismologists to provide guidance on incorporating sedimentary basin response into the design of tall buildings in Seattle. This workshop provided recommendations that build on those from a March 2013 workshop (Chang and others, 2014), primarily based on new results from 3-D simulations of magnitude (M) 9 Cascadia earthquakes (The M9 Project). Susan Chang, a geotechnical engineer with the Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections, organized and led the workshop; Art Frankel (USGS) assisted in constructing the agenda.
The workshop agenda and attendees are provided in the appendix. The attendees represented a wide range of expertise, including seismologists with expertise in ground motions and basin response, geotechnical engineers, and structural engineers. Their professional experience included working on local projects related to the design of long-period structures; peer reviewing ground motions for performance-based design of high-rises in Seattle; researching basin response in academic, government and industry settings; developing ground motion models; and representing local and national structural engineering organizations. In this report, we summarize the technical presentations, key discussion points, and recommendations from the workshop.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181149","usgsCitation":"Wirth, E.A., Chang, S.W., and Frankel, A.D., 2018, 2018 report on incorporating sedimentary basin response into the design of tall buildings in Seattle, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1149, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181149.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099788","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357679,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1149/ofr20181149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2018-1149"},{"id":357678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1149/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -122.2,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -122.2,\n 47.8\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 47.8\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 47.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center, Seattle Field Office
U.S. Geological Survey
University of Washington, Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences
Box 351310
Seattle, WA 98195
A series of 11 digital flood-inundation maps was developed for a 5.5-mile reach of the lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Town of Westerly, Rhode Island, and the Rhode Island Office of Housing and Community Development. The coverage of the maps extends from downstream from the Ashaway River inflow at the State Border between Hopkinton and Westerly, Rhode Island, and North Stonington, Connecticut, to about 500 feet (ft) downstream from the U.S. Route 1/Broad Street bridge on the State border between Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington, Connecticut. A one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model created and calibrated for an ongoing (2018) Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood-Insurance Study for New London County, Connecticut and Washington County, Rhode Island was updated for this study. The hydraulic model reflects the removal of the White Rock dam during 2015–16, and was calibrated using the stage-discharge relation at the USGS Pawcatuck River at Westerly, Rhode Island, streamgage (01118500) and documented high-water marks from the March 30, 2010, flood, which had a peak flow slightly greater than the estimated 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability floodflow.
The hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for 11 flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the USGS Pawcatuck River at Westerly, Rhode Island, streamgage (01118500) and ranging from 6.0 ft (3.32 ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988), which is the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service flood category “action stage,” to 16.0 ft (13.32 ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988), which is the maximum stage of the stage-discharge relation at the streamgage and exceeds the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service flood category “major flood stage” of 11.0 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data with a 1.0-ft vertical accuracy to create flood-inundation maps. The flood-inundation maps depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to 11 selected flood stages at the streamgage. The flood-inundation maps depict only riverine flooding and do not depict any tidal backwater or coastal storm surge that could occur in the lower part of the river reach. The flood-inundation maps can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science website at https://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation. Near-real-time stages and discharges at the Pawcatuck River streamgage can be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/. The National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service provides flood forecast of stage for this site (WSTR1) at https://water.weather.gov/ahps/.
The availability of flood-inundation maps referenced to current and forecasted water levels at the USGS Pawcatuck River at Westerly, Rhode Island streamgage (01118500) can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during flood events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Westerly, Rhode Island, and the Rhode Island Office of Housing and Community Development","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., and Lombard, P.J., 2018, Flood-inundation maps for the lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5112, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185112.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 16 p.; Application Site; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-091691","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357651,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610Z80 ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Flood-Inundation Grids and Shapefiles for the Lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut"},{"id":437742,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G0N0TN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"River Channel Survey Data, Redwood Creek, California, 1953-2013"},{"id":437741,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610Z80","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Flood-Inundation Grids and Shapefiles for the Lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut"},{"id":357652,"rank":4,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- Flood Inundation Mapper"},{"id":357649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5112/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5112/sir20185112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5112"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Rhode Island","city":"North Stonington, Stonington, Westerly","otherGeospatial":"Lower Pawcatuck River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.85,\n 41.3667\n ],\n [\n -71.7833,\n 41.3667\n ],\n [\n -71.7833,\n 41.425\n ],\n [\n -71.85,\n 41.425\n ],\n [\n -71.85,\n 41.3667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Groundwater quality in the North San Francisco Bay area Public-Supply and Shallow Aquifer Systems was investigated by the GAMA-PBP. The North San Francisco Bay Public-Supply Aquifer System study unit (NSF-PA) was sampled in 2004. The North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer System study unit (NSF-SA) was sampled in 2012. The NSF-PA and NSF-SA largely coincide areally; however, they represent different parts of the aquifer system vertically. The NSF-PA examined deeper groundwater primarily used for public supply, whereas the NSF-SA examined relatively shallow groundwater primarily used for domestic supply. Both study units were divided into two study areas: (1) alluvium-filled groundwater basins called the Valleys and Plains study area and (2) volcanic, metamorphic, and ultramafic hard-rock highlands surrounding the Valleys and Plains called the Highlands study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., 2018, Comparing Public-Supply and Shallow Aquifer Groundwater Quality in the North San Francisco Bay Aquifers, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018-3064, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183064.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096675","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3064/fs20183064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2018-3064"},{"id":357680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3064/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"North San Francisco Bay Aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.25,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Fanciful Fluorescence. Lurking Madness. Serene Expressions.
The titles of the images in this fifth edition of Earth As Art speak to the powerfully artistic qualities of Earth’s natural features when tinged with unnatural colors.
Art serves as a great partner in the communication of science, bringing emotion to the pursuit of understanding. The pieces in this collection look like abstract art but are actual satellite images.
Satellite imagery has long served the rational and disciplined approaches of science to better understand our Earth. But these images can also, with a bit of creativity, excite our imaginations with the beauty and art that surround us.
In this newest collection of Earth As Art, we continue to display the Earth as our eyes cannot see it—in creative combinations of visible and infrared light. Although beauty in art is often subjective, the science data provide objective views of the Earth’s changing land surface. However, we will let these images speak to you as art. Enjoy the latest additions to Earth As Art!
The images in the Earth As Art 5 collection can be downloaded for free from the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Image Gallery at
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/earth-art-5.
Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD
This work used mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analyses of the Tuscaloosa Group in Mississippi, including the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS), to assess their efficacy and sealing capacity for geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Tuscaloosa Group porosity and permeability from MICP were evaluated to calculate CO2 column height retention. TMS and Lower Tuscaloosa shale samples have, respectively, Swanson permeability values less than 0.003 md and 0.00245 md; porosity from 3.86% to 9.86% and 1.34% to 7.96%; median pore throat sizes from 0.00342 to 0.0111 μm and 0.00311 to 0.017 μm; and pore radii from 0.0130 to 0.152 μm and 0.0132 to 0.149 μm. Mercury entry pressures for the TMS and Lower Tuscaloosa range from 4.9 to 57.1 MPa and 5.0 to 56.3 MPa, respectively. Calculated CO2 column heights that the TMS sample set can retain in the reservoir range from 23 to 255 m when the TMS is near 100% water saturation. Potential top seal leakage is more likely to be influenced by the numerous well penetrations through the confining system of the TMS rather than capillary failure. Results of this study demonstrate desirable sealing capacity of the TMS for geologic CO2 sequestration in reservoir sandstones of the Lower Tuscaloosa and could provide an analogue to other potential CO2 sequestration top seals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., and Hackley, P.C., 2018, Using mercury injection pressure analyses to estimate sealing capacity of the Tuscaloosa marine shale in Mississippi, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 78, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-095213","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BC3XTK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury injection capillary pressure data in the U.S. Gulf Coast Tuscaloosa Group in Mississippi and Louisiana collected 2015 to 2017"},{"id":357684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f8ee4b0fc368eb538c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199631,"text":"70199631 - 2018 - Mangrove forests in a rapidly changing world: Global change impacts and conservation opportunities along the Gulf of Mexico coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-28T08:46:47","indexId":"70199631","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T11:36:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangrove forests in a rapidly changing world: Global change impacts and conservation opportunities along the Gulf of Mexico coast","docAbstract":"Mangrove forests are highly-productive intertidal wetlands that support many ecosystem goods and services. In addition to providing fish and wildlife habitat, mangrove forests improve water quality, provide seafood, reduce coastal erosion, supply forest products, support coastal food webs, minimize flooding impacts, and support high rates of carbon sequestration. Despite their tremendous societal value, mangrove forests are threatened by many aspects of global change. Here, we examine the effects of global change on mangrove forests along the Gulf of Mexico coast, which is a valuable region for advancing understanding of global change impacts because the region spans multiple ecologically-relevant abiotic gradients that are representative of other mangrove transition zones across the world. We consider the historical and anticipated future responses of mangrove forests to the following aspects of global change: temperature change, precipitation change, accelerated sea-level rise, tropical cyclone intensification, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, eutrophication, invasive non-native species, and land use change. For each global change factor, we provide an initial global perspective but focus primarily on the three countries that border the Gulf of Mexico: United States, Mexico, and Cuba. The interactive effects of global change can have large ecological consequences, and we provide examples that highlight their importance. While some interactions between global change drivers can lead to mangrove mortality and loss, others can lead to mangrove expansion at the expense of other ecosystems. Finally, we discuss strategies for using restoration and conservation to maximize the adaptive capacity of mangrove forests to global change. To ensure that the ecosystem goods and services provided by mangrove forests continue to be available for future generations, there is a pressing need to better protect, manage, and restore mangrove forests as well as the adjacent ecosystems that provide opportunities for adaptation in response to global change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.006","usgsCitation":"Osland, M.J., Feher, L.C., Lopez-Portillo, J., Day, R.H., Suman, D.O., Guzman Menendez, J.M., and Rivera-Monroy, V.H., 2018, Mangrove forests in a rapidly changing world: Global change impacts and conservation opportunities along the Gulf of Mexico coast: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 214, p. 120-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.006.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"140","ipdsId":"IP-087566","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"214","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f98e4b0fc368eb538cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osland, Michael J. 0000-0001-9902-8692 mosland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":3080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","email":"mosland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feher, Laura C. 0000-0002-5983-6190 lhundy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-6190","contributorId":176788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feher","given":"Laura","email":"lhundy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopez-Portillo, Jorge","contributorId":208129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Portillo","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37732,"text":"Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Ecología Funcional, Xalapa, Veracruz, México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suman, Daniel O.","contributorId":208131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suman","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":37733,"text":"University of Miami, Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Miami, FL, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guzman Menendez, Jose Manuel","contributorId":208132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guzman Menendez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Manuel","affiliations":[{"id":37734,"text":"Instituto de Ecología y Sistematica, Agencia de Medio Ambiente, Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, La Habana, Cuba","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. 0000-0003-2804-4139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-4139","contributorId":200322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70199627,"text":"70199627 - 2018 - Serum proteins in healthy and diseased Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T16:47:27","indexId":"70199627","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T11:31:58","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5756,"text":"Comparative Clinical Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Serum proteins in healthy and diseased Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","title":"Serum proteins in healthy and diseased Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","docAbstract":"A major goal of this study was to determine whether serum protein fractions of healthy Florida manatees differ with age, sex, or living environments (wild versus housed). A second goal was to determine which serum protein fractions vary in diseased versus healthy manatees. Serum protein fractions were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Healthy adults had slightly higher total serum protein and total globulin concentrations than younger animals. This largely resulted from an increase in gamma globulins with age. Total serum protein, albumin, alpha-1 globulin, beta globulin, and total globulin concentrations were slightly higher in housed manatees compared to wild manatees, but there was no significant difference in the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, suggesting a difference in hydration between these groups. No significant differences were attributable to sex or pregnancy. Serum albumin concentrations and A/G ratios were significantly lower for manatees with boat trauma, entanglements, emaciation, or cold stress compared to healthy manatees. Variable increases were seen in alpha-1globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. These globulin fractions contain positive acute-phase proteins and immunoglobulins, and their increases may reflect acute or chronic active inflammation. Changes in serum protein fractions were not consistent enough to justify the use of serum protein electrophoresis as a routine diagnostic test for manatees. However, serum (or plasma) protein electrophoresis is required when accurate values for albumin and globulins are needed in manatees and in determining which protein fractions may account for a hyperproteinemia or hypoproteinemia reported in a clinical chemistry panel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00580-018-2797-z","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Harr, K.E., Murphy, D., Walsh, M.T., deWit, M., Deutsch, C.J., and Bonde, R.K., 2018, Serum proteins in healthy and diseased Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Comparative Clinical Pathology, v. 27, no. 6, p. 1707-1716, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2797-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1707","endPage":"1716","ipdsId":"IP-087359","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f98e4b0fc368eb538cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, John W.","contributorId":208124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37728,"text":"University of Florida, College Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, Kendall E.","contributorId":201901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harr","given":"Kendall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36285,"text":"Urika Pathology, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, David","contributorId":208125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37729,"text":"Lowry Park Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Michael T.","contributorId":177177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"deWit, Martina","contributorId":208126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"deWit","given":"Martina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deutsch, Charles J.","contributorId":190249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70199620,"text":"70199620 - 2018 - Genetic analyses of Astragalus sect. Humillimi (Fabaceae) resolve taxonomy and enable effective conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T16:48:22","indexId":"70199620","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T11:28:33","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic analyses of Astragalus sect. Humillimi (Fabaceae) resolve taxonomy and enable effective conservation","title":"Genetic analyses of Astragalus sect. Humillimi (Fabaceae) resolve taxonomy and enable effective conservation","docAbstract":"Premise of the Study
Astragalus sect. Humillimi is distributed across the southwestern United States and contains two endangered taxa, A. cremnophylax var. cremnophylax and A. humillimus. The former was originally described from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. Analysis of individuals discovered on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon yielded some evidence that the population represented a distinct species. To enable effective conservation, we clarify the group's taxonomy and characterize the genetic diversity of A. cremnophylax and A. humillimus.
Methods
We used AFLPs to genotype most species in sect. Humillimi, focusing on the two endangered forms. We examined patterns of genetic diversity using complementary analytical approaches.
Key Results
Our results demonstrate that North Rim populations group with A. c. var. cremnophylax. We found low levels of genetic diversity at certain localities and strong differentiation among populations. Astragalus humillimus, which has suffered recent and severe population declines, exhibits weak differentiation among and low diversity within populations.
Conclusions
Our results clarify the taxonomy of sect. Humillimi and define the boundaries of A. c. var. cremnophylax, which is shown to inhabit both rims of the Grand Canyon. This clarification, and detailed analysis of genetic variation within both endangered taxa, may advance ongoing efforts to conserve these taxa. Our results suggest that range‐wide genetic analysis of A. humillimus may inform recovery strategies for this taxon.
In river valleys, sediment moves between active river channels, near-channel deposits including bars and floodplains, and upland environments such as terraces and aeolian dunefields. Sediment availability is a prerequisite for the sustained transfer of material between these areas, and for the eco-geomorphic functioning of river networks in general. However, the difficulty of monitoring sediment availability and movement at the reach or corridor scale has hindered our ability to quantify and forecast the response of sediment transfer to hydrologic or land cover alterations. Here we leverage spatiotemporally extensive datasets quantifying sediment areal coverage along a 28 km reach of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, southwestern USA. In concert with information on hydrologic alteration and vegetation encroachment resulting from the operation of Glen Canyon Dam (constructed in 1963) upstream of our study reach, we model the relative and combined influence of changes in (a) flow and (b) riparian vegetation extent on the areal extent of sediment available for transport in the river valley over the period from 1921 to 2016. In addition, we use projections of future streamflow and vegetation encroachment to forecast sediment availability over the 20 year period from 2016 to 2036. We find that hydrologic alteration has reduced the areal extent of bare sediment by 9% from the pre- to post-dam periods, whereas vegetation encroachment further reduced bare sediment extent by 45%. Over the next 20 years, the extent of bare sediment is forecast to be reduced by an additional 12%. Our results demonstrate the impact of river regulation, specifically the loss of annual low flows and associated vegetation encroachment, on reducing the sediment available for transfer within river valleys. This work provides an extendable framework for using high-resolution data on streamflow and land cover to assess and forecast the impact of watershed perturbation (e.g. river regulation, land cover shifts, climate change) on sediment connectivity at the corridor scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1177/0309133318795846","usgsCitation":"Kasprak, A., Sankey, J.B., Buscombe, D.D., Caster, J., East, A.E., and Grams, P.E., 2018, Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, v. 42, no. 6, p. 739-764, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"764","ipdsId":"IP-088947","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SX3MGY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"River Valley Sediment Connectivity Data, Colorado River, Grand Canyon"},{"id":357659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park, Lower Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasprak, Alan 0000-0001-8184-6128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6128","contributorId":204162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasprak","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caster, Joshua 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":199033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70212475,"text":"70212475 - 2018 - A new Enceladus global control network, image mosaic, and updated pointing kernels from Cassini's thirteen-year mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-18T13:45:37.871805","indexId":"70212475","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T09:06:53","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new Enceladus global control network, image mosaic, and updated pointing kernels from Cassini's thirteen-year mission","docAbstract":"NASA's Cassini spacecraft spent 13 years exploring the Saturn system, including 23 targeted flybys of the small, geologically active moon Enceladus. These flybys provided a wealth of image data from Cassini's Imaging Science Subsystem. To improve the usability of the Enceladus data set, we created a new, global photogrammetric control network for Enceladus that enabled compilation of a versatile cartographic package to support geologic mapping and other investigations. The network used 586 images in four image filters with a pixel scale generally between 50 and 500 m per pixel and a phase angle less than 120° and consisted of 10,362 tie points and 173,704 individual image measures, averaging nearly 17 measures per tie point. Least squares bundle adjustment resulted in a root‐mean‐square residual of 0.45 pixel, corresponding to root‐mean‐square ground point uncertainties of 66, 51, and 46 m in latitude, longitude, and radius, respectively. Using our geodetic control network, we created new global image mosaics, coregistered flyby mosaics to support geologic mapping, and updated pointing kernels for every image used in the solution. These products, including the updated pointing kernels, are available to the community through NASA's Planetary Data System Imaging Annex. The bundle adjustment solution also yielded independently determined shape information, resulting in radii within the stated uncertainty of International Astronomical Union values. The challenges of the data set, and the technical methodology described here are applicable to bodies imaged during multiple flybys with variable viewing and illumination geometry, including other midsized satellites of Saturn, and the Europa Clipper mission.
Water use in the State of Washington has evolved during the past century from small withdrawals used for domestic and stock needs to the diverse needs of current public supply systems, domestic water users, irrigation projects, industrial plants, and aquaculture industries. Increasing demand for water makes the accountability of water use an important issue.
A few State and local agencies in Washington collect water-use information for specific categories of water use; currently, only the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) compiles cumulative water-use information across the State for a comprehensive range of uses.
Since 1950, on a 5-year cycle, the USGS has compiled and published estimates of water withdrawal and use for specific categories aggregated at the county, State, and national level. The information is shared publicly through the USGS Water Use in the United States website (https://water.usgs.gov/watuse/) and national publications that detail water use definitions, categories, trends, and data for every state. The data are compiled individually by each state from available sources, and are augmented by estimates from national models for categories that have limited data. The USGS Washington Water Science Center is responsible for compiling their estimates and maintains the State water use webpage (https://wa.water.usgs.gov/data/wuse/) of State-level information and links to the national program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183058","usgsCitation":"Fasser, E.T., 2018, Water use in Washington, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018-3058, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183058.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098099","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3058/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":357592,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3058/fs20183058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3058"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
The 2018 census of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) was conducted from late April to mid-May along the mainland coast of central California and in April at San Nicolas Island in southern California. The 3-year average of combined counts from the mainland range and San Nicolas Island was 3,128, a decrease of 58 sea otters from the previous year. The 5-year average trend in abundance, including both the mainland range and San Nicolas Island populations, remains positive at 1.3 percent per year. Continuing lack of growth in the range peripheries likely explains the cessation of range expansion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1097","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, B.B., Yee, J.L., Kenner, M.C., Tomoleoni, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2018, California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) census results, spring 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1097, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1097.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101451","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98012HE","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Annual California sea otter census—2018 spring census summary"},{"id":357644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1097/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357645,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1097/ds1097.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1097"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 37.2009909007\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 37.2009909007\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Modoc Hall, Room 4004
Sacramento, California 95819
We tested the use of high‐resolution infrared (IR) camera technology and distance sampling analyses to estimate abundance of feral horses (Equus caballus) during 2015–2016 in the McCullough Peaks Herd Management Area, Wyoming, USA. Infrared technology is becoming more common in ungulate population monitoring. The quality of IR cameras now allows ungulate species to be differentiated. Imperfect detection is a common problem in aerial surveys, so we tested the use of distance sampling analyses to account for imperfect detection probability. We conducted 2 aerial surveys in a sagebrush ecosystem with a demographically closed horse population. True abundance was known to within ±4 animals as a result of intensive, ground‐based monitoring of each animal, all of which are uniquely identifiable. After truncation of our data, the most supported detection function was a uniform function with a detection probability equal to 1.0 out to 255 m. Our analyses yielded results that were within 10% of true abundance, but the coefficient of variation (CV) was large (36–58%) assuming a small sampling fraction. However, our truncated surveys covered approximately 95% of the herd management area. By including a finite population correction factor in our calculations of variance estimates, CVs (8–13%) were dramatically reduced. We found the combination of IR surveys and distance sampling analysis to be a useful method to estimate feral horse abundance in sagebrush vegetation type, which had limited cover to obscure horses. Repeated testing in sagebrush ecosystems as well as further testing in other habitat types and under differing conditions will inform how general our approach can be.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.912","usgsCitation":"Schoenecker, K.A., Doherty, P., Hourt, J., and Romero, J., 2018, Testing infrared camera surveys and distance analyses to estimate feral horse abundance in a known population: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 42, no. 3, p. 452-459, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.912.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"459","ipdsId":"IP-085078","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/fcd332e3ab024f1d9ae4580186a01eee","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"McCullough Peaks Herd Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.8416,\n 44.3333\n ],\n [\n -108.5083,\n 44.3333\n ],\n [\n -108.5083,\n 44.8333\n ],\n [\n -108.8416,\n 44.8333\n ],\n [\n -108.8416,\n 44.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, Paul","contributorId":223632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hourt, Jacob","contributorId":223633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hourt","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40752,"text":"Owyhee Air Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romero, John","contributorId":223634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romero","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":40752,"text":"Owyhee Air Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199616,"text":"70199616 - 2018 - Assessing the impact of site-specific BMPs using a spatially explicit, field-scale SWAT model with edge-of-field and tile hydrology and water-quality data in the Eagle Creek watershed, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T11:21:25","indexId":"70199616","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-21T11:21:16","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of site-specific BMPs using a spatially explicit, field-scale SWAT model with edge-of-field and tile hydrology and water-quality data in the Eagle Creek watershed, Ohio","docAbstract":"The Eagle Creek watershed, a small subbasin (125 km2) within the Maumee River Basin, Ohio, was selected as a part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) “Priority Watersheds” program to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) funded through GLRI at the field and watershed scales. The location and quantity of BMPs were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service National Conservation Planning (NCP) database. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was built and calibrated for this predominantly agricultural Eagle Creek watershed, incorporating NCP BMPs and monitoring data at the watershed outlet, an edge-of-field (EOF), and tile monitoring sites. Input air temperature modifications were required to induce simulated tile flow to match monitoring data. Calibration heavily incorporated tile monitoring data to correctly proportion surface and subsurface flow, but calibration statistics were unsatisfactory at the EOF and tile monitoring sites. At the watershed outlet, satisfactory to very good calibration statistics were achieved over a 2-year calibration period, and satisfactory statistics were found in the 2-year validation period. SWAT fixes parameters controlling nutrients primarily at the watershed level; a refinement of these parameters at a smaller-scale could improve field-level calibration. Field-scale modeling results indicate that filter strips (FS) are the most effective single BMPs at reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus, and FS typically decreased sediment and nutrient yields when added to any other BMP or BMP combination. Cover crops were the most effective single, in-field practice by reducing nutrient loads over winter months. Watershed-scale results indicate BMPs can reduce sediment and nutrients, but reductions due to NCP BMPs in the Eagle Creek watershed for all water-quality constituents were less than 10%. Hypothetical scenarios simulated with increased BMP acreages indicate larger investments of the appropriate BMP or BMP combination can decrease watershed level loads.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w10101299","usgsCitation":"Merriman, K.R., Daggupati, P., Srinivasan, R., Toussant, C., Russell, A.M., and Hayhurst, B.A., 2018, Assessing the impact of site-specific BMPs using a spatially explicit, field-scale SWAT model with edge-of-field and tile hydrology and water-quality data in the Eagle Creek watershed, Ohio: Water, v. 10, no. 10, p. 1-37, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101299.","productDescription":"Article 1299; 37 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-092960","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101299","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.8333,\n 40.67\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 40.67\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -83.8333,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -83.8333,\n 40.67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriman, Katherine R. 0000-0002-1303-2410 kmerriman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-2410","contributorId":4973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"Katherine","email":"kmerriman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daggupati, Prasad","contributorId":203354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daggupati","given":"Prasad","affiliations":[{"id":36214,"text":"Univeristy of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Srinivasan, Raghavan","contributorId":203355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srinivasan","given":"Raghavan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toussant, Chad","contributorId":208117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toussant","given":"Chad","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russell, Amy M. 0000-0003-0582-0094 arussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-0094","contributorId":200011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Amy","email":"arussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayhurst, Brett A. 0000-0002-1717-2015 bhayhurs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2015","contributorId":3398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayhurst","given":"Brett","email":"bhayhurs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229790,"text":"70229790 - 2018 - Dynamic occupancy modeling of temperate marine fish in area-based closures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T15:46:42.731317","indexId":"70229790","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-21T10:38:02","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic occupancy modeling of temperate marine fish in area-based closures","docAbstract":"Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to model the spatial structure of species in the marine environment, however, most fail to account for detectability of the target species. This can result in underestimates of occupancy, where nondetection is conflated with absence. The site occupancy model (SOM) overcomes this failure by treating occupancy as a latent variable of the model and incorporates a detection submodel to account for variability in detection rates. These have rarely been applied in the context of marine fish and never for the multiseason dynamic occupancy model (DOM). In this study, a DOM is developed for a designated species of concern, cusk (Brosme brosme), over a four-season period. Making novel use of a high-resolution 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model, detectability of cusk is considered as a function of current speed and algae cover. Algal cover on the seabed is measured from video surveys to divide the study area into two distinct regions: those with canopy forming species of algae and those without (henceforth bottom types). Modeled estimates of the proportion of sites occupied in each season are 0.88, 0.45, 0.74, and 0.83. These are significantly greater than the proportion of occupied sites measured from underwater video observations which are 0.57, 0.28, 0.43, and 0.57. Individual fish are detected more frequently with increasing current speed in areas lacking canopy and less frequently with increasing current speed in areas with canopy. The results indicate that, where possible, SDM studies for all marine species should take account of detectability to avoid underestimating the proportion of sites occupied at a given study area. Sampling closed areas or areas of conservation often requires the use of nonphysical, low impact sampling methods like camera surveys. These methods inherently result in detection probabilities less than one, an issue compounded by time-varying features of the environment that are rarely accounted for marine studies. This work highlights the use of modeled hydrodynamics as a tool to correct some of this imbalance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4493","usgsCitation":"Calvert, J., McGonigle, C., Sethi, S., Harris, B., Quinn, R., and Grabowski, J., 2018, Dynamic occupancy modeling of temperate marine fish in area-based closures: Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 20, p. 10192-10205, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4493.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"10192","endPage":"10205","ipdsId":"IP-127035","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4493","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.983333,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -68.916667,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -68.916667,\n 42.88\n ],\n [\n -68.983333,\n 42.88\n ],\n [\n -68.983333,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, Jay","contributorId":288770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvert","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61838,"text":"University of Ulster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGonigle, Chris","contributorId":288771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGonigle","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61838,"text":"University of Ulster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, Bradley","contributorId":288772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":12915,"text":"Alaska Pacific University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quinn, Rory","contributorId":288773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Rory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61838,"text":"University of Ulster","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grabowski, Jon","contributorId":288774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61840,"text":"Northeaster University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223491,"text":"70223491 - 2018 - Responses of unimpaired flows, storage, and managed flows to scenarios of climate change in the San Francisco Bay-Delta watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T13:08:42.994302","indexId":"70223491","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-21T08:06:37","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of unimpaired flows, storage, and managed flows to scenarios of climate change in the San Francisco Bay-Delta watershed","docAbstract":"Projections of meteorology downscaled from global climate model runs were used to drive a model of unimpaired hydrology of the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed, which in turn drove models of operational responses and managed flows. Twenty daily climate change scenarios for water years 1980–2099 were evaluated with the goal of producing inflow boundary conditions for a watershed sediment model and for a hydrodynamical model of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary. The resulting time series of meteorology, snowpack, unimpaired flow, reservoir storage, and managed flow were analyzed for century-scale trends. In the Sacramento basin, which dominates Bay-Delta inflows, all 20 scenarios portrayed warming trends (with a mean of 4.1 °C) and most had precipitation increases (with a mean increase of 9%). Sacramento basin snowpack water equivalent declined sharply (by 89%), which was associated with a major shift toward earlier unimpaired runoff timing (33% more flow arriving prior to 1 April). Sacramento basin reservoirs showed large declines in end-of-September storage. Water-year averaged outflows increased for most scenarios for both unimpaired and impaired flows, and frequency of extremely high daily unimpaired and impaired flows increased (increases of 175% and 170%, respectively). Managed Delta inflows were projected to experience large increases in the wet season and declines in the dry season. Changes in management strategy and infrastructure can mitigate some of these changes, though to what degree is uncertain.
Tectonic tremor can be used to constrain seismic‐wave attenuation for use in ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) in regions where moderately sized earthquakes occur infrequently. Here we quantify seismic‐wave attenuation by inverting tremor ground motion amplitudes in different frequency bands of interest, to determine frequency dependence of and spatial variations in seismic‐wave attenuation in Cascadia. Due to the density of tremor data, we are able to resolve along‐strike variations in the attenuation parameter. We find that tectonic tremor exhibits the frequency dependence expected for attenuation, as determined from GMPEs developed from moderate‐to‐large magnitude earthquakes. This implies that attenuation along these paths is independent of the source mechanism. This study demonstrates that tectonic tremor can be used to provide insight into the physical factors responsible for attenuation, and to refine estimates of attenuation for ground‐motion prediction, thus having important implications for hazard assessment and engineering seismology.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2018GL079344","usgsCitation":"Littel, G.F., Thomas, A.M., and Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., 2018, Using tectonic tremor to constrain seismic‐wave attenuation in Cascadia: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 45, no. 18, p. 9579-9587, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079344.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9579","endPage":"9587","ipdsId":"IP-101242","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl079344","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 50.5\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 50.5\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littel, Geena F.","contributorId":208081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Littel","given":"Geena","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Amanda M.","contributorId":200641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199530,"text":"70199530 - 2018 - Compositional data analysis of coal combustion products with an application to a Wyoming power plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:40:17","indexId":"70199530","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T15:40:13","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional data analysis of coal combustion products with an application to a Wyoming power plant","docAbstract":"A mathematically sound approach for summarizing chemical analyses of feed coal and all its combustion products (bottom ash, economizer fly ash, and fly ash) is presented. The nature of the data requires the application of compositional techniques when conducting statistical analysis, techniques that have not been applied before to the study of partitioning of elements between the coal that enters the boiler and the associated coal combustion products. A collection of descriptive and inferential compositional techniques was used to analyze the coal combustion products from a Wyoming power plant burning Paleocene Wyodak–Anderson coal. The significance of the fluctuation in ash composition is determined by using a Hotelling’s T-squared test and bootstrapping. Tree displays allow for visualization of the progressive effect of filters in removal of chemical species based on their geochemical composition. Results indicate that, in general, as the suspended combustion products entrained in the flue gases move closer to the stack, chemical species are removed from the combustion gas, starting with minerals associated with elements having the lowest volatility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-018-9736-z","usgsCitation":"Martín-Fernández, J., Olea, R., and Ruppert, L.F., 2018, Compositional data analysis of coal combustion products with an application to a Wyoming power plant: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 50, no. 6, p. 639-657, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-018-9736-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"657","ipdsId":"IP-089735","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martín-Fernández, J. A.","contributorId":208080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martín-Fernández","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}