{"pageNumber":"822","pageRowStart":"20525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68927,"records":[{"id":98014,"text":"sir20095228 - 2009 - Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-01T14:10:24","indexId":"sir20095228","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5228","title":"Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","docAbstract":"Recovery efforts for the endangered Kootenai River population of white sturgeon require an understanding of the characteristics and transport of suspended and bedload sediment in the critical habitat reach of the river. In 2007 and 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, conducted suspended- and bedload-sediment sampling in the federally designated critical habitat of the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon population. Three sediment-sampling sites were selected that represent the hydraulic differences in the critical habitat. Suspended- and bedload-sediment samples along with acoustic Doppler current profiles were collected at these sites during specific river discharges. Samples were analyzed to determine suspended- and bedload-sediment characteristics and transport rates. Sediment transport data were analyzed to provide total loading estimates for suspended and bedload sediment in the critical habitat reach.\n\nTotal suspended-sediment discharge primarily occurred as fine material that moved through the system in suspension. Total suspended-sediment discharge ranged from about 300 metric tons per day to more than 23,000 metric tons per day. Total suspended sediment remained nearly equal throughout the critical habitat, with the exception of a few cases where mass wasting of the banks may have caused sporadic spikes in total suspended sediment. \n\nBedload-sediment discharge averaged 0-3 percent of the total loading. These bedload discharges ranged from 0 to 271 tons per day. The bedload discharge in the upper part of the critical habitat primarily consisted of fine to coarse gravel. A decrease in river competence in addition to an armored channel may be the cause of this limited bedload discharge. The bedload discharge in the middle part of the white sturgeon critical habitat varied greatly, depending on the extent of the backwater from Kootenay Lake. A large quantity of fine-to-coarse gravel is present in the braided reach, but the duration of transport for these gravels is limited by the encroaching backwater of Kootenay Lake. Bedload discharge in the lower part of the white sturgeon critical habitat primarily consisted of fine to coarse sand due to decreased velocities as a result of the backwater from Kootenay Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., and Williams, M.L., 2009, Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5228, Report: vi, 41 p. (with appendixes), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095228.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p. 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,{"id":98015,"text":"ds484 - 2009 - Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ds484","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"484","title":"Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Streams of the Yellowstone River Basin in Montana and Wyoming were sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Algal communities were sampled in 1999 in conjunction with other ecological sampling and in 2000 during synoptic sampling. Water-quality measurements related to the algal sampling included light attenuation and dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Sites were sampled on the main-stem Yellowstone River, major tributaries such as the Clarks Fork Yellowstone River and the Bighorn River, and selected minor tributaries. Some of the data collected, such as the phytoplankton chlorophyll-a data, were referenced or summarized in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports but were not previously published in tabular form, and therefore are presented in this report, prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. Data presented in this report include chlorophyll-a concentrations in phytoplankton and periphyton samples, as well as light attenuation and dissolved-oxygen production data from 1999-2000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds484","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.A., 2009, Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 484, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds484.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_484.jpg"},{"id":13191,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/484/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,44 ], [ -111.5,48 ], [ -103.5,48 ], [ -103.5,44 ], [ -111.5,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68817b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70201047,"text":"70201047 - 2009 - Mapping irrigated lands across the United States using MODIS satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T13:38:07.612917","indexId":"70201047","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-26T15:21:54","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Mapping irrigated lands across the United States using MODIS satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>This book opens a new pathway for global mapping that is focused on a specific land use theme, such as irrigated or rain-fed croplands and classes within these themes. Since croplands use most of the water consumed by humans, specific knowledge of irrigated and rain-fed croplands will be critical for precise estimates of water use. At present and in the coming decades, irrigated and rain-fed cropland area mapping is crucial for food security studies. Throughout this book, various subjects pertaining to global croplands are discussed comprehensively.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of global croplands for food security","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1201/9781420090109","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Maxwell, S., and Pervez, M., 2009, Mapping irrigated lands across the United States using MODIS satellite imagery, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Remote sensing of global croplands for food security, p. 177-198, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420090109.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1473e4b0815414ca390e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.","contributorId":16300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"Chandrashekhar","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752038,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turral, Hugh","contributorId":56537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"Hugh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752039,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752040,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.F. 0000-0002-9976-1998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":31006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":752034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":752036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189167,"text":"70189167 - 2009 - Evaluation of flow structure and bed load velocity in the vicinity of a submerged wing dike in a large sand bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T09:49:07","indexId":"70189167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of flow structure and bed load velocity in the vicinity of a submerged wing dike in a large sand bed river","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Conference Proceedings of the 33rd IAHR congress “Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment”","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"33rd IAHR World Congress","conferenceDate":"August 9-14, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","publisher":"IAHR","usgsCitation":"Jamieson, E.C., Rennie, C.D., and Jacobson, R., 2009, Evaluation of flow structure and bed load velocity in the vicinity of a submerged wing dike in a large sand bed river, <i>in</i> The Conference Proceedings of the 33rd IAHR congress “Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment”, Vancouver, BC, August 9-14, 2009, p. 5404-5411.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5404","endPage":"5411","ipdsId":"IP-013314","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfabae4b0d1f9f056a7c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamieson, E. C.","contributorId":97632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rennie, C. D.","contributorId":49927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rennie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98011,"text":"fs20093088 - 2009 - Use of StreamStats in the Upper French Broad River Basin, North Carolina: A Pilot Water-Resources Web Application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T10:23:41","indexId":"fs20093088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3088","title":"Use of StreamStats in the Upper French Broad River Basin, North Carolina: A Pilot Water-Resources Web Application","docAbstract":"StreamStats is a Web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) application that was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) to provide access to an assortment of analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management. StreamStats allows users to easily obtain streamflow statistics, basin characteristics, and descriptive information for USGS data-collection sites and selected ungaged sites. StreamStats also allows users to identify stream reaches upstream and downstream from user-selected sites and obtain information for locations along streams where activities occur that can affect streamflow conditions. This functionality can be accessed through a map-based interface with the user's Web browser or through individual functions requested remotely through other Web applications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093088","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., Tighe, K., and Terziotti, S., 2009, Use of StreamStats in the Upper French Broad River Basin, North Carolina: A Pilot Water-Resources Web Application: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3088, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093088.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3088.jpg"},{"id":13188,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tighe, Kirsten C.","contributorId":99930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tighe","given":"Kirsten C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98010,"text":"sim3071 - 2009 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"sim3071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3071","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, September 2008","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing fresh water are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000).\r\n\r\nThis map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in September 2008. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly-cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the wet season, when ground-water levels usually are at an annual high and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are low. The cumulative average rainfall of 50.63 inches for west-central Florida (from October 2007 through September 2008) was 2.26 inches below the historical cumulative average of 52.89 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2008). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District.\r\n\r\nThis report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively. Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period September 15-19, 2008. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. A corresponding potentiometric-surface map was prepared for areas east and north of the Southwest Florida Water Management District boundary by the U.S. Geological Survey office in Orlando, Florida (Kinnaman and Dixon, 2009). Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a 'snapshot' of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal high water-level condition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A.G., 2009, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, September 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3071, Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3071.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-09-15","temporalEnd":"2008-09-19","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3071.jpg"},{"id":13186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"State Plane Florida East","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,26.25 ], [ -84.5,29.75 ], [ -80.75,29.75 ], [ -80.75,26.25 ], [ -84.5,26.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Anita G. agourlay@usgs.gov","contributorId":1855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Anita","email":"agourlay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98009,"text":"sir20095150 - 2009 - DayCent-Chem simulations of ecological and biogeochemical processes of eight mountain ecosystems in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:11:38.411538","indexId":"sir20095150","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5150","title":"DayCent-Chem simulations of ecological and biogeochemical processes of eight mountain ecosystems in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cause complex responses in ecosystems, from fertilization to forest ecosystem decline, freshwater eutrophication to acidification, loss of soil base cations, and alterations of disturbance regimes. DayCent-Chem, an ecosystem simulation model that combines ecosystem nutrient cycling and plant dynamics with aqueous geochemical equilibrium calculations, was developed to address ecosystem responses to combined atmospheric N and S deposition. It is unique among geochemically-based models in its dynamic biological cycling of N and its daily timestep for investigating ecosystem and surface water chemical response to episodic events.</p><p>The model was applied to eight mountainous watersheds in the United States. The sites represent a gradient of N deposition across locales, from relatively pristine to N-saturated, and a variety of ecosystem types and climates. Overall, the model performed best in predicting stream chemistry for snowmelt-dominated sites. It was more difficult to predict daily stream chemistry for watersheds with deep soils, high amounts of atmospheric deposition, and a large degree of spatial heterogeneity. DayCent-Chem did well in representing plant and soil carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes. Modeled stream nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) concentrations compared well with measurements at all sites, with few exceptions. Simulated daily stream sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) concentrations compared well to measured values for sites where SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>deposition has been low and where SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption/desorption reactions did not seem to be important. The concentrations of base cations and silica in streams are highly dependent on the geochemistry and weathering rates of minerals in each catchment, yet these were rarely, if ever, known. Thus, DayCent-Chem could not accurately predict weathering products for some catchments. Additionally, few data were available for exchangeable soil cations or the magnitude of base cation deposition as a result of dry and fog inputs. The uncertainties related to weathering reactions, deposition, soil cation exchange capacity, and groundwater contributions influenced how well the simulated acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and pH estimates compared to observed values. Daily discharge was well represented by the model for most sites.</p><p>The chapters of this report describe the parameterization for each site and summarize model results for ecosystem variables, stream discharge, and stream chemistry. This intersite comparison exercise provided insight about important and possibly not well understood processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Hartman, M.D., Baron, J., Clow, D.W., Creed, I., Driscoll, C.T., Ewing, H., Haines, B.D., Knoepp, J., Lajtha, K., Ojima, D., Parton, W.J., Renfro, J., Robinson, R.B., Van Miegroet, H., Weathers, K.C., and Williams, M.W., 2009, DayCent-Chem simulations of ecological and biogeochemical processes of eight mountain ecosystems in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5150, xiv, 174 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095150.","productDescription":"xiv, 174 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5150.jpg"},{"id":423586,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87719.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,24 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -60,49 ], [ -60,24 ], [ -125,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67299c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Melannie D.","contributorId":98836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Melannie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creed, Irena F.","contributorId":81209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Creed","given":"Irena F.","affiliations":[{"id":27655,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":303878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, Charles T.","contributorId":35418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ewing, Holly A.","contributorId":15307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Holly A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haines, Bruce D.","contributorId":70878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knoepp, Jennifer","contributorId":47047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoepp","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lajtha, Kate","contributorId":89633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lajtha","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ojima, Dennis S.","contributorId":23247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"Dennis S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parton, William J.","contributorId":55545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Renfro, Jim","contributorId":89251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renfro","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Robinson, R. Bruce","contributorId":10510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Van Miegroet, Helga","contributorId":40308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Miegroet","given":"Helga","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":58731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Williams, Mark W.","contributorId":43046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":98008,"text":"sir20085231 - 2009 - Simulations of Groundwater Flow and Particle Tracking Analysis in the Area Contributing Recharge to a Public-Supply Well near Tampa, Florida, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20085231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5231","title":"Simulations of Groundwater Flow and Particle Tracking Analysis in the Area Contributing Recharge to a Public-Supply Well near Tampa, Florida, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Shallow ground water in the north-central Tampa Bay region, Florida, is affected by elevated nitrate concentrations, the presence of volatile organic compounds, and pesticides as a result of groundwater development and intensive urban land use. The region relies primarily on groundwater for drinking-water supplies. Sustainability of groundwater quality for public supply requires monitoring and understanding of the mechanisms controlling the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination. A single public-supply well was selected for intensive study based on the need to evaluate the dominant processes affecting the vulnerability of public-supply wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer in the City of Temple Terrace near Tampa, Florida, and the presence of a variety of chemical constituents in water from the well. A network of 29 monitoring wells was installed, and water and sediment samples were collected within the area contributing recharge to the selected public-supply well to support a detailed analysis of physical and chemical conditions and processes affecting the water chemistry in the well. A three-dimensional, steady-state groundwater flow model was developed to evaluate the age of groundwater reaching the well and to test hypotheses on the vulnerability of the well to nonpoint source input of nitrate.\r\n\r\nParticle tracking data were used to calculate environmental tracer concentrations of tritium and sulfur hexafluoride and to calibrate traveltimes and compute flow paths and advective travel times in the model area. The traveltime of particles reaching the selected public-supply well ranged from less than 1 day to 127.0 years, with a median of 13.1 years; nearly 45 percent of the simulated particle ages were less than about 10 years. Nitrate concentrations, derived primarily from residential/commercial fertilizer use and atmospheric deposition, were highest (2.4 and 6.11 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, median and maximum, respectively) in shallow groundwater from the surficial aquifer system and lowest (less than the detection level of 0.06 milligram per liter) in the deeper Upper Floridan aquifer. Denitrification occurred near the interface of the surficial aquifer system and the underlying intermediate confining unit, within the intermediate confining unit, and within the Upper Floridan aquifer because of reducing conditions in this part of the flow system. However, simulations indicate that the rapid movement of water from the surficial aquifer system to the selected public-supply well through karst features (sinkholes) and conduit layers that bypass the denitrifying zones (short-circuits), coupled with high pumping rates, allow nitrate to reach the selected public-supply well in concentrations that resemble those of the overlying surficial aquifer system. Water from the surficial aquifer system with elevated concentrations of nitrate and low concentrations of some volatile organic compounds and pesticides is expected to continue moving into the selected public-supply well, because calculated flux-weighted concentrations indicate the proportion of young affected water contributing to the well is likely to remain relatively stable over time. The calculated nitrate concentration in the selected public-supply well indicates a lag of 1 to 10 years between peak concentrations of nonpoint source contaminants in recharge and appearance in the well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to Public-Supply Wells","usgsCitation":"Crandall, C.A., Kauffman, L.J., Katz, B.G., Metz, P.A., McBride, W., and Berndt, M., 2009, Simulations of Groundwater Flow and Particle Tracking Analysis in the Area Contributing Recharge to a Public-Supply Well near Tampa, Florida, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5231, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085231.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5231.jpg"},{"id":13185,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5231/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,24 ], [ -90,34 ], [ -79,34 ], [ -79,24 ], [ -90,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d9e4b07f02db549717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metz, Patricia A. pmetz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"Patricia","email":"pmetz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McBride, W. Scott","contributorId":15293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berndt, Marian P.","contributorId":45296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98012,"text":"ofr20091063 - 2009 - Flood of June 26-29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20091063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1063","title":"Flood of June 26-29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York","docAbstract":"A stalled frontal system caused tropical moisture to be funneled northward into New York, causing severe flooding in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins during June 26-29, 2006. Rainfall totals for this multi-day event ranged from 2 to 3 inches to greater than 13 inches in southern New York. The storm and flooding claimed four lives in New York, destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and businesses, and closed hundreds of roads and highways. Thousands of people evacuated their homes as floodwaters reached new record elevations at many locations within the three basins. Twelve New York counties were declared Federal disaster areas, more than 15,500 residents applied for disaster assistance, and millions of dollars in damages resulted from the flooding. Disaster-recovery assistance for individuals and businesses adversely affected by the floods of June 2006 reached more than $227 million.\r\n\r\nThe National Weather Service rainfall station at Slide Mountain recorded storm totals of more than 8 inches of rainfall, and the stations at Walton and Fishs Eddy, NY, recorded storm totals of greater than 13 inches of rainfall. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream-gaging stations at Mohawk River at Little Falls, West Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, and Susquehanna River at Vestal, NY, among others, recorded peak discharges of 35,000 ft3/s, 43,400 ft3/s, and 119,000 ft3/s respectively, with greater than 100-year recurrence intervals. The peak water-surface elevation 21.47 ft and the peak discharge 189,000 ft3/s recorded on June 28, 2006, at the Delaware River at Port Jervis stream-gaging station were the highest recorded since the flood of August 1955. At the Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY, stream-gaging station, which has been in operation since 1912, the peak water-surface elevation 25.02 ft and peak discharge 76,800 ft3/s recorded on June 28, 2006, exceeded the previous period-of-record maximums that were set during the flood of March 1936. Documented peak water-surface elevations during the June 2006 flood at many study sites in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins exceeded the 100-year flood-profile elevations determined in the flood-insurance studies prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Suro, T.P., Firda, G.D., and Szabo, C.O., 2009, Flood of June 26-29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1063, Report: viii, 354 p. (with appendixes), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091063.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 354 p. (with appendixes)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-26","temporalEnd":"2006-06-29","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1063.jpg"},{"id":13189,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,41 ], [ -77,44 ], [ -73,44 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -77,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suro, Thomas P. 0000-0002-9476-6829 tsuro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6829","contributorId":2841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suro","given":"Thomas","email":"tsuro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Carolyn O. cszabo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Carolyn","email":"cszabo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98007,"text":"sir20095229 - 2009 - Ecological assessment of wadeable streams on O`ahu, Hawai'i, 2006-2007: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T21:23:14.764228","indexId":"sir20095229","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5229","title":"Ecological assessment of wadeable streams on O`ahu, Hawai'i, 2006-2007: A pilot study","docAbstract":"<p>In 2006–07, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Islands Water Science Center (PIWSC), in cooperation with the Hawai‘i Department of Health (HDOH), conducted a pilot study as a participant in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) program. Forty randomly selected sites on perennial streams on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, were surveyed for habitat characteristics, water chemistry, and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Of the original sampling frame of approximately 505.2 miles of perennial stream, roughly 96.7±30.7 miles were found to be nonperennial or estuarine and another 200.5±64.7 miles were judged to be inaccessible. The scope of this report presents an assessment of the remaining 208±57.6 miles of accessible, wadeable, perennial stream length on O‘ahu.</p><p>Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to determine the ecological condition at each site. Components of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were assessed using the multimetric Preliminary–Hawaiian Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (P–HBIBI) developed by Wolff (2005). Based on the P–HBIBI scores, an estimated 5.8±5.8 percent of the island’s total stream length is in most disturbed condition, 56±13.5 percent is in intermediately disturbed condition, and 38.2±13.2 percent is in least disturbed condition. Windward O‘ahu had the highest percentage of stream length in least disturbed biological condition at 56.7±20.8 percent. Using the relative abundance of insects, one of the core metrics that make up the P–HBIBI, 43.4±14.2 percent of the islandwide stream length was classified in the most disturbed condition—52±31.2 percent of the Honolulu region stream length and 51.4±23.3 percent of the windward O‘ahu stream length.</p><p>An analysis of total nitrogen (N) estimated approximately 41.1±13.7 percent of the stream length on O‘ahu was in most disturbed condition. Regionally, the Honolulu region had the largest proportion, 61.3±28.6 percent, of most disturbed stream length in terms of total N. An analysis of total phosphorus (P) classified approximately 43.2±14 percent of the stream length on O‘ahu as most disturbed. Regionally, windward O‘ahu had the largest proportion, 78.4±19.5 percent, of stream length classified as most disturbed. An analysis of embeddedness classified 30.3±14.7 percent of O‘ahu’s stream length as most. Regionally, windward O‘ahu had the largest proportion, 43.3±17.1 percent, of stream length classified as most disturbed as compared to the reference condition. An analysis of riparian disturbance, an index of the in-channel, riparian, and near-stream human activities, classified 43±13 percent of stream length on O‘ahu as most disturbed. The Honolulu region had the largest proportion of stream length, 86.3±13.7 percent, classified as most disturbed.</p><p>The information in this report is the first attempt in Hawai‘i to assess the islandwide ecological condition of wadeable, perennial streams on O‘ahu using the USEPA WSA probabilistic design. This study has demonstrated that such an assessment is practical and that it can provide information that may help the USEPA and HDOH in determining the status of aquatic ecosystems on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. This study provides a baseline assessment of the current islandwide ecological condition and identifies potential environmental stressors. It can be used, with future WSA studies in Hawai‘i, to measure the changes in those conditions and the effectiveness of management efforts to protect, restore, and maintain Hawai‘i’s aquatic environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawai'i Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Wolff, R.H., and Koch, L.A., 2009, Ecological assessment of wadeable streams on O`ahu, Hawai'i, 2006-2007: A pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5229, x, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095229.","productDescription":"x, 84 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424351,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87727.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5229.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"O'ahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.68927329110983,\n              21.25439046205311\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.63491774146385,\n              21.311792022857304\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.72369849613696,\n              21.48133294251157\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.97826372127082,\n              21.724754811949836\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.10781114900809,\n              21.632993298377045\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.30711488398842,\n              21.585827077687412\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.2473237634943,\n              21.474588805068223\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.14042448745943,\n              21.343015799889898\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.0978459622591,\n              21.26874296206897\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.95561556956855,\n              21.289002913688122\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8106673986738,\n              21.24003659022634\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.68927329110983,\n              21.25439046205311\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolff, Reuben H.","contributorId":35020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koch, Linda A.","contributorId":68848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98005,"text":"fs20093104 - 2009 - Web application to access U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works and Restoration Projects information for the Rio Grande Basin, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T11:03:29","indexId":"fs20093104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3104","title":"Web application to access U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works and Restoration Projects information for the Rio Grande Basin, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Rio Grande Civil Works and Restoration Projects Web Application, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Albuquerque District, is designed to provide publicly available information through the Internet about civil works and restoration projects in the Rio Grande Basin. Since 1942, USACE Albuquerque District responsibilities have included building facilities for the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, providing flood protection, supplying water for power and public recreation, participating in fire remediation, protecting and restoring wetlands and other natural resources, and supporting other government agencies with engineering, contracting, and project management services. In the process of conducting this vast array of engineering work, the need arose for easily tracking the locations of and providing information about projects to stakeholders and the public. This fact sheet introduces a Web application developed to enable users to visualize locations and search for information about USACE (and some other Federal, State, and local) projects in the Rio Grande Basin in southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Albuquerque District","usgsCitation":"Archuleta, C., and Eames, D.R., 2009, Web application to access U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works and Restoration Projects information for the Rio Grande Basin, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3104, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093104.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3104.jpg"},{"id":13182,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archuleta, Christy-Ann M. 0000-0002-4522-8573","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-8573","contributorId":9736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"Christy-Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eames, Deanna R.","contributorId":49867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eames","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98003,"text":"fs20093097 - 2009 - Greater Platte River Basins - Science to sustain ecosystems and communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T15:31:32","indexId":"fs20093097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3097","title":"Greater Platte River Basins - Science to sustain ecosystems and communities","docAbstract":"The Greater Platte River Basins (GPRB), located in the heartland of the United States, provides a collaborative opportunity for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners to understand the sustainability of natural and managed ecosystems under changing climate and resource requirements.The Greater Platte River Basins, an area of about 140,000 square miles, sustains thousands of acres of lakes and wetlands, which provide a staging and resting area for the North American Central Flyway. Part of the GPRB is within the U.S. Corn Belt, one of the most productive agricultural ecosystems on Earth. Changes in water and land use, changing patterns of snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains, drought, and increasing demands for irrigation have reduced flows in the Platte River. These changes raise questions about the sustainability of the region for both wildlife and agriculture.The USGS and partners are developing a science strategy that will help natural-resource managers address and balance the needs of this region.\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093097","usgsCitation":"Thormodsgard, J.M., 2009, Greater Platte River Basins - Science to sustain ecosystems and communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3097, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093097.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3097.jpg"},{"id":338416,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3097/pdf/fs2009-3097.pdf"},{"id":13180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,37 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -94,45 ], [ -94,37 ], [ -111,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab3e4b07f02db66fdc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thormodsgard, June M. thor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thormodsgard","given":"June","email":"thor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175005,"text":"70175005 - 2009 - Assessment of fire behavior and management options in subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:28:25","indexId":"70175005","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-18T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Assessment of fire behavior and management options in subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>Fire is a major threat to habitat for the endangered Palila (Loxioides bailleui) within subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea volcano, Hawai&lsquo;i. The presence of large amounts of fine fuel from grasses, dry climate, and human ignition sources produces a significant risk of wildfire in this area year-round. The purpose of this report is to provide information on fuels and potential fire behavior that will contribute to fire management of Palila habitat. Recommended actions will contribute to the conservation of these native forests and facilitate restoration in degraded areas. </p>\n<p>To assess the effects of grass invasion on fuel conditions and potential fire danger, we quantified vegetation and fuels across an elevation gradient from grasslands into sub-alpine forests on the west slope of Mauna Kea. Our results indicated that grass cover was reduced under tree canopy in plots below ~2,500 m elevation, but at higher elevations grass cover was higher under trees than in the open. However, tree canopy cover below 2,500 m elevation was not high enough overall (~25% on average) to result in significant reductions in fine fuels at the landscape level. Sampling directly under and away from tree crowns at multiple elevations suggested that below ~2,500 m, the presence of tree canopy cover can reduce grass fuels significantly. Furthermore, moisture content of live surface fuels was increased under tree canopy compared with open areas. These results suggest that restoration of forest cover may have the potential to alter grass fuels in ways that decrease the threat of fire in some subalpine forests. Fire behavior estimates based on fuel data from grasslands, mixed forest and māmane forest indicated the need for fuelbreaks of at least 20-30 m to limit fire spread in most areas. In many cases, breaks as wide as 40 m are required to limit fire spread risk under extreme weather conditions.</p>\n<p>Based on our fuels data and fire behavior predictions, recommended actions include: (1) construction of new or expansion of existing fuelbreaks to immediately reduce fire risk to the most sensitive areas adjacent to the core Palila population on the southwest slope and the translocated Palila population on the north slope of Mauna Kea, (2) enhancement of forest restoration activities to increase fuel moisture and reduce grass fuel loads (3) installation of water sources (diptanks) in both areas to decrease firefighter response time, and (4) increased public education and awareness with regard to fire danger on Mauna Kea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Thaxton, J.M., and Jacobi, J.D., 2009, Assessment of fire behavior and management options in subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i: Technical Report, viii, 49 p.","productDescription":"viii, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012772","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/publications.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Kea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.38650512695312,\n              19.903636146415863\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.44143676757812,\n              19.913965885756145\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47714233398438,\n              19.91783936409827\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.50872802734375,\n              19.9100923125452\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58837890625,\n              19.845518806331246\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.61721801757812,\n              19.85326901590216\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.643310546875,\n              19.837768218373313\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.643310546875,\n              19.797717490704738\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58975219726562,\n              19.770580624242616\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.533447265625,\n              19.73956140498458\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.51010131835938,\n              19.727927643457424\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.46340942382812,\n              19.711121825769855\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.41397094726562,\n              19.724049534671522\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.379638671875,\n              19.76282638490852\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.796425363822532\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.830017252151734\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35629272460938,\n              19.872642883577086\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.38650512695312,\n              19.903636146415863\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889b2e4b0589fa1c6ba22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thaxton, Jarrod M.","contributorId":173184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thaxton","given":"Jarrod","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97993,"text":"sir20095234 - 2009 - Effects of Potential Changes in Groundwater Withdrawals from the Sparta Aquifer on Water-Level Altitudes in Jefferson County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20095234","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5234","title":"Effects of Potential Changes in Groundwater Withdrawals from the Sparta Aquifer on Water-Level Altitudes in Jefferson County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A groundwater-flow model of the Sparta aquifer was used to evaluate changes in water-level altitudes associated with the withdrawal of groundwater at varying rates from a well field near Pine Bluff, Arkansas, in Jefferson County. Water-level altitudes at three different model cell locations from five different scenarios for varying withdrawal rates from the well field were compared for the period 1998 to 2048. The three model cells used for the comparison were located (1) near the center of the well field, (2) near the center of the city of Pine Bluff (about 5 miles west of the center of the well field), and (3) about 15 miles north of the well field. Pumping rates at the well field were varied from 7.2 million gallons per day to 27 million gallons per day for the five scenarios analyzed, and water-level hydrographs were constructed for each scenario for each of the three model cell locations. Water-level altitudes near the center of the well field changed the most of the three model cell locations analyzed. Water-level altitudes were approximately 90 feet higher for the 7.2 million gallon per day scenario in 2048 compared to the baseline scenario of 25.4 million gallons per day. Whereas, water-level altitudes at the same location were 9 feet lower for the 27 million gallon per day scenario in 2048 compared to the baseline scenario.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., 2009, Effects of Potential Changes in Groundwater Withdrawals from the Sparta Aquifer on Water-Level Altitudes in Jefferson County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5234, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095234.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5234.jpg"},{"id":13169,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.5,30.5 ], [ -94.5,36 ], [ -89.5,36 ], [ -89.5,30.5 ], [ -94.5,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98002,"text":"sir20095185 - 2009 - Simulation of Reclaimed-Water Injection and Pumping Scenarios and Particle-Tracking Analysis near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:24:52","indexId":"sir20095185","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5185","title":"Simulation of Reclaimed-Water Injection and Pumping Scenarios and Particle-Tracking Analysis near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The effect of injecting reclaimed water into the Middendorf aquifer beneath Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, was simulated using a groundwater-flow model of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province of South Carolina and parts of Georgia and North Carolina. Reclaimed water, also known as recycled water, is wastewater or stormwater that has been treated to an appropriate level so that the water can be reused. The scenarios were simulated to evaluate potential changes in groundwater flow and groundwater-level conditions caused by injecting reclaimed water into the Middendorf aquifer. Simulations included a Base Case and two injection scenarios. Maximum pumping rates were simulated as 6.65, 8.50, and 10.5 million gallons per day for the Base Case, Scenario 1, and Scenario 2, respectively. The Base Case simulation represents a non-injection estimate of the year 2050 groundwater levels for comparison purposes for the two injection scenarios. For Scenarios 1 and 2, the simulated injection of reclaimed water at 3 million gallons per day begins in 2012 and continues through 2050. The flow paths and time of travel for the injected reclaimed water were simulated using particle-tracking analysis.\r\n\r\nThe simulations indicated a general decline of groundwater altitudes in the Middendorf aquifer in the Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, area between 2004 and 2050 for the Base Case and two injection scenarios. For the Base Case, groundwater altitudes generally declined about 90 feet from the 2004 groundwater levels. For Scenarios 1 and 2, although groundwater altitudes initially increased in the Mount Pleasant area because of the simulated injection, these higher groundwater levels declined as Mount Pleasant Waterworks pumping increased over time. When compared to the Base Case simulation, 2050 groundwater altitudes for Scenario 1 are between 15 feet lower to 23 feet higher for production wells, between 41 and 77 feet higher for the injection wells, and between 9 and 23 feet higher for observation wells in the Mount Pleasant area. When compared to the Base Case simulation, 2050 groundwater altitudes for Scenario 2 are between 2 and 106 feet lower for production wells and observation wells and between 11 and 27 feet higher for the injection wells in the Mount Pleasant area. \r\n\r\nWater budgets for the model area immediately surrounding the Mount Pleasant area were calculated for 2011 and for 2050. The largest flow component for the 2050 water budget in the Mount Pleasant area is discharge through wells at rates between 7.1 and 10.9 million gallons of water per day. This groundwater is replaced predominantly by between 6.0 and 7.8 million gallons per day of lateral groundwater flow within the Middendorf aquifer for the Base Case and two scenarios and through reclaimed-water injection of 3 million gallons per day for Scenarios 1 and 2. In addition, between 175,000 and 319,000 gallons of groundwater are removed from this area per day because of the regional hydraulic gradient. Additional sources of water to this area are groundwater storage releases at rates between 86,800 and 116,000 gallons per day and vertical flow from over- and underlying confining units at rates between 69,100 and 150,000 gallons per day.\r\n\r\nReclaimed water injected into the Middendorf aquifer at three hypothetical injection wells moved to the Mount Pleasant Waterworks production wells in 18 to 256 years as indicated by particle-tracking simulations. Time of travel varied from 18 to 179 years for simulated conditions of 20 percent uniform aquifer porosity and between 25 to 256 years for 30 percent uniform aquifer porosity.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Mount Pleasant Waterworks","usgsCitation":"Petkewich, M.D., and Campbell, B.G., 2009, Simulation of Reclaimed-Water Injection and Pumping Scenarios and Particle-Tracking Analysis near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5185, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095185.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5185.jpg"},{"id":13179,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Mount Pleasant","otherGeospatial":"Middendorf aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.19882202148438,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19882202148438,\n              33.03629817885956\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.53689575195312,\n              33.03629817885956\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.53689575195312,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19882202148438,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98001,"text":"sir20095165 - 2009 - A Comparison of Turbidity-Based and Streamflow-Based Estimates of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations in Three Chesapeake Bay Tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095165","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5165","title":"A Comparison of Turbidity-Based and Streamflow-Based Estimates of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations in Three Chesapeake Bay Tributaries","docAbstract":"Fluvial transport of sediment into the Chesapeake Bay estuary is a persistent water-quality issue with major implications for the overall health of the bay ecosystem. Accurately and precisely estimating the suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) and loads that are delivered to the bay, however, remains challenging. Although manual sampling of SSC produces an accurate series of point-in-time measurements, robust extrapolation to unmeasured periods (especially highflow periods) has proven to be difficult. Sediment concentrations typically have been estimated using regression relations between individual SSC values and associated streamflow values; however, suspended-sediment transport during storm events is extremely variable, and it is often difficult to relate a unique SSC to a given streamflow. With this limitation for estimating SSC, innovative approaches for generating detailed records of suspended-sediment transport are needed.\r\n\r\nOne effective method for improved suspended-sediment determination involves the continuous monitoring of turbidity as a surrogate for SSC. Turbidity measurements are theoretically well correlated to SSC because turbidity represents a measure of water clarity that is directly influenced by suspended sediments; thus, turbidity-based estimation models typically are effective tools for generating SSC data. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program and Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, initiated continuous turbidity monitoring on three major tributaries of the bay - the James, Rappahannock, and North Fork Shenandoah Rivers - to evaluate the use of turbidity as a sediment surrogate in rivers that deliver sediment to the bay. Results of this surrogate approach were compared to the traditionally applied streamflow-based approach for estimating SSC. Additionally, evaluation and comparison of these two approaches were conducted for nutrient estimations. \r\n\r\nResults demonstrate that the application of turbidity-based estimation models provides an improved method for generating a continuous record of SSC, relative to the classical approach that uses streamflow as a surrogate for SSC. Turbidity-based estimates of SSC were found to be more accurate and precise than SSC estimates from streamflow-based approaches. The turbidity-based SSC estimation models explained 92 to 98 percent of the variability in SSC, while streamflow-based models explained 74 to 88 percent of the variability in SSC. Furthermore, the mean absolute error of turbidity-based SSC estimates was 50 to 87 percent less than the corresponding values from the streamflow-based models. Statistically significant differences were detected between the distributions of residual errors and estimates from the two approaches, indicating that the turbidity-based approach yields estimates of SSC with greater precision than the streamflow-based approach.\r\n\r\nSimilar improvements were identified for turbidity-based estimates of total phosphorus, which is strongly related to turbidity because total phosphorus occurs predominantly in particulate form. Total nitrogen estimation models based on turbidity and streamflow generated estimates of similar quality, with the turbidity-based models providing slight improvements in the quality of estimations. This result is attributed to the understanding that nitrogen transport is dominated by dissolved forms that relate less directly to streamflow and turbidity. Improvements in concentration estimation resulted in improved estimates of load. Turbidity-based suspended-sediment loads estimated for the James River at Cartersville, VA, monitoring station exhibited tighter confidence interval bounds and a coefficient of variation of 12 percent, compared with a coefficient of variation of 38 percent for the streamflow-based load.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095165","isbn":"9781411326057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Jastram, J.D., Moyer, D., and Hyer, K., 2009, A Comparison of Turbidity-Based and Streamflow-Based Estimates of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations in Three Chesapeake Bay Tributaries: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5165, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095165.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5165.jpg"},{"id":13178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,36 ], [ -81,43 ], [ -74,43 ], [ -74,36 ], [ -81,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494fe4b0b290850ef0b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jastram, John D. 0000-0002-9416-3358 jdjastra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-3358","contributorId":3531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jastram","given":"John","email":"jdjastra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas 0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":2670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth kenhyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenhyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98000,"text":"ofr20091205 - 2009 - Long-Term Stage, Stage-Residual, and Width Data for Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Region, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T12:40:42","indexId":"ofr20091205","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1205","title":"Long-Term Stage, Stage-Residual, and Width Data for Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Region, Georgia","docAbstract":"This report presents the data used to assess geomorphic adjustment of streams over time and to changing land-use conditions. Thirty-seven U.S. Geological Survey streamgages were selected within the Piedmont physiographic region of Georgia. Width, depth, stage, and discharge data from these streams were analyzed to assess channel stability and determine if systematic adjustments of channel morphology could be related to time or land use and land cover. Residual analyses of stage-discharge data were used to infer channel stability, which could then be used as an indicator of habitat stability. Streamgages, representing a gradient of urbanization, were selected to test hypotheses regarding stream stability and adjustment to urban conditions. Results indicate that 14 sites exhibited long-term channel stability, 11 were degrading, 6 were aggrading, and 6 showed variability in response over the study period.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091205","usgsCitation":"Riley, J.W., and Jacobson, R.B., 2009, Long-Term Stage, Stage-Residual, and Width Data for Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Region, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1205, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091205.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1205.jpg"},{"id":13177,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97999,"text":"ofr20091244 - 2009 - Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T12:44:12","indexId":"ofr20091244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1244","title":"Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been working cooperatively with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission to monitor groundwater quality and availability since 1977. This report presents an overview of groundwater conditions and studies in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, during 2008. Historical data also are presented for comparison with 2008 data. Ongoing monitoring activities include continuous water-level recording in 24 wells and periodic water-level measurements in 5 wells. During 2008, water levels in 10 of the continuous-recording wells were below normal, corresponding to lower than average rainfall. Groundwater samples collected from 25 wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer indicate that nitrate levels during 2008 were similar to values from 2007, with a maximum of 12.5 milligrams per liter at one well.\r\n\r\nWater samples collected from the Flint River and wells at the Albany well field were analyzed and plotted on a trilinear diagram to show the percent composition of selected major cations and anions. Groundwater constituents (major cations and anions) of the Upper Floridan aquifer at the Albany well field remain distinctly different from those in the water of the Flint River.\r\n\r\nTo improve the understanding of the groundwater-flow system and nitrate movement in the Upper Floridan aquifer, the U.S. Geological Survey is developing a groundwater-flow model in the Albany area of southwestern Georgia. The model is being calibrated to simulate periods of dry (October 1999) hydrologic conditions. Preliminary results of particle tracking indicate that water flows to the well field from the northwest.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091244","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D.W., 2009, Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1244, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091244.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1244.jpg"},{"id":13176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Dougherty County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.41666666666667,31.416666666666668 ], [ -84.41666666666667,31.666666666666668 ], [ -84.08333333333333,31.666666666666668 ], [ -84.08333333333333,31.416666666666668 ], [ -84.41666666666667,31.416666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69637d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, Debbie W. 0000-0002-5195-6657 dwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":2251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Debbie","email":"dwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97995,"text":"ofr20091125 - 2009 - Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20091125","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1125","title":"Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2008","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25 to 40 miles wide. The basin is defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompass the structural Rio Grande Rift within the basin. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin are currently (2008) obtained soley from ground-water resources. An increase of about 20 percent in the population from 1990 to 2000 also resulted in an increased demand for water. A network of wells was established to monitor changes in ground-water levels throughout the basin from April 1982 through September 1983. This network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly in 1983. Currently (2008), the network consists of 144 wells and piezometers. This report presents water-level data collected by U.S. Geological Survey personnel at 125 sites through water-year 2008. In addition, data from 19 wells (Sites 127-30, 132-134, 136, 138-142 and 144-149) owned, maintained, and measured by Sandia National Laboratories are presented in this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., 2009, Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1125, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091125.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","temporalStart":"1982-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1125.jpg"},{"id":13171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34 ], [ -107.5,36 ], [ -106,36 ], [ -106,34 ], [ -107.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eee1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beman, Joseph E. 0000-0002-0689-029X jebeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-029X","contributorId":2619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beman","given":"Joseph","email":"jebeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97994,"text":"fs20093100 - 2009 - Organic Compounds in Truckee River Water Used for Public Supply near Reno, Nevada, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"fs20093100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3100","title":"Organic Compounds in Truckee River Water Used for Public Supply near Reno, Nevada, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Organic compounds studied in this U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment generally are man-made, including, in part, pesticides, solvents, gasoline hydrocarbons, personal care and domestic-use products, and refrigerants and propellants. Of 258 compounds measured, 28 were detected in at least 1 source water sample collected approximately monthly during 2002-05 at the intake of the Chalk Bluff Treatment Plant, on the Truckee River upstream of Reno, Nevada. The diversity of compounds detected indicate various sources and uses (including wastewater discharge, industrial, agricultural, domestic, and others) and different pathways (including point sources from treated wastewater outfalls upstream of the sampling location, overland runoff, and groundwater discharge) to drinking-water supply intakes. Three compounds were detected in more than 20 percent of the source-water intake samples at low concentrations (less than 0.1 microgram per liter), including caffeine, p-cresol (a wood preservative), and toluene (a gasoline hydrocarbon). Sixteen of the 28 compounds detected in source water also were detected in finished water (after treatment, but prior to distribution; 2004-05). Additionally, two disinfection by-products not detected in source water, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane, were detected in all finished water samples. Two detected compounds, cholesterol and 3-beta-coprostanol, are among five naturally occurring biochemicals analyzed in this study. Concentrations for all detected compounds in source and finished water generally were less than 0.1 microgram per liter and always less than human-health benchmarks, which are available for about one-half of the compounds. Seven compounds (toluene, chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromodichloromethane, bisphenol A, cholesterol, and 3-beta-coprostanol) were measured at concentrations greater than 0.1 microgram per liter. On the basis of this screening-level assessment, adverse effects to human health are expected to be negligible (subject to limitations of available human-health benchmarks).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093100","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Source Water-Quality Assessment","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., 2009, Organic Compounds in Truckee River Water Used for Public Supply near Reno, Nevada, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3100, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093100.","productDescription":"6 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3100.jpg"},{"id":13170,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,38.5 ], [ -120.5,40.5 ], [ -119,40.5 ], [ -119,38.5 ], [ -120.5,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6911dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Karen A. kathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Karen","email":"kathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97992,"text":"ds455 - 2009 - Groundwater-quality data in the Madera-Chowchilla study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T20:56:35.457052","indexId":"ds455","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"455","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the Madera-Chowchilla study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the approximately 860-square-mile Madera–Chowchilla study unit (MADCHOW) was investigated in April and May 2008 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).</p><p>The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw groundwater used for public water supplies within MADCHOW, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 35&nbsp;wells in Madera, Merced, and Fresno Counties. Thirty of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and five more were selected to provide additional sampling density to aid in understanding processes affecting groundwater quality (flow-path wells). Detection summaries in the text and tables are given for grid wells only, to avoid over-representation of the water quality in areas adjacent to flow-path wells.</p><p>Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], low-level 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane [DBCP] and 1,2-dibromoethane [EDB], pesticides and pesticide degradates, polar pesticides and metabolites, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], perchlorate, and low-level 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), and radioactive constituents (uranium isotopes, and gross alpha and gross beta particle activities). Naturally occurring isotopes and geochemical tracers (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, and activities of tritium and carbon-14), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, approximately 300 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated.</p><p>Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) each were collected at approximately 11 percent of the wells sampled for each analysis, and the results obtained from these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that data for the groundwater samples were not compromised by possible contamination during sample collection, handling or analysis. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, raw groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to raw groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and with aesthetic and technical thresholds established by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only, and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with regulatory thresholds.</p><p>The concentrations of most constituents detected in groundwater samples from MADCHOW wells were below drinking-water thresholds. Organic compounds (VOCs and pesticides) were detected in about 40 percent of the samples from grid wells, and most concentrations were less than 1/100 of regulatory or non-regulatory health-based thresholds, although the concentrations of low-level DBCP in 10 percent and low-level EDB in 3 percent of the samples from grid wells were above the corresponding USEPA maximum contaminant levels (MCL-USs). Perchlorate was detected in 70 percent of the samples from grid wells, and most concentrations were less than one-tenth of the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA). Low-level 1,2,3-TCP was detected in 33 percent of the samples from grid wells, and all concentrations were less than 1/1,000 of the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US). Most concentrations of trace elements and nutrients in samples were below regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds. Concentrations were above the MCL-US for nitrate in 7 percent of the samples from grid wells, for arsenic and uranium in 13 percent each of the samples from grid wells; and the concentration of vanadium was above the CDPH notification level (NL–CA) in 3 percent of the samples from grid wells. Detections of radioactive constituents were below regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds in most samples. Combined activities of uranium isotopes were detected above the MCL-CA in 20 percent of the subset of 25 grid well samples analyzed, and gross alpha particle activity was detected above the MCL-US in 20 percent of the samples from the 30 total grid wells. Most of the samples from MADCHOW grid wells had concentrations of major and minor ions, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL-CAs), which are nonenforceable thresholds set for aesthetic and technical concerns. Twenty percent of the samples from grid wells contained specific-conductance values, or concentrations of chloride, total dissolved solids, or manganese above the respective SMCL–CAs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds455","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2009, Groundwater-quality data in the Madera-Chowchilla study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 455, x, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds455.","productDescription":"x, 81 p.","temporalStart":"2008-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_455.jpg"},{"id":404081,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87706.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/455/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Madera-Chowchilla study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.5917,\n              36.7433\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.6833,\n              36.7433\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.6833,\n              37.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5917,\n              37.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5917,\n              36.7433\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97988,"text":"sir20095223 - 2009 - Estimation of Leakage Potential of Selected Sites in Interstate and Tri-State Canals Using Geostatistical Analysis of Selected Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Profiles, Western Nebraska, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095223","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5223","title":"Estimation of Leakage Potential of Selected Sites in Interstate and Tri-State Canals Using Geostatistical Analysis of Selected Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Profiles, Western Nebraska, 2004","docAbstract":"With increasing demands for reliable water supplies and availability estimates, groundwater flow models often are developed to enhance understanding of surface-water and groundwater systems. Specific hydraulic variables must be known or calibrated for the groundwater-flow model to accurately simulate current or future conditions. Surface geophysical surveys, along with selected test-hole information, can provide an integrated framework for quantifying hydrogeologic conditions within a defined area. In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, performed a surface geophysical survey using a capacitively coupled resistivity technique to map the lithology within the top 8 meters of the near-surface for 110 kilometers of the Interstate and Tri-State Canals in western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming. Assuming that leakage between the surface-water and groundwater systems is affected primarily by the sediment directly underlying the canal bed, leakage potential was estimated from the simple vertical mean of inverse-model resistivity values for depth levels with geometrically increasing layer thickness with depth which resulted in mean-resistivity values biased towards the surface. This method generally produced reliable results, but an improved analysis method was needed to account for situations where confining units, composed of less permeable material, underlie units with greater permeability.\r\n\r\nIn this report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, the authors use geostatistical analysis to develop the minimum-unadjusted method to compute a relative leakage potential based on the minimum resistivity value in a vertical column of the resistivity model. The minimum-unadjusted method considers the effects of homogeneous confining units. The minimum-adjusted method also is developed to incorporate the effect of local lithologic heterogeneity on water transmission. Seven sites with differing geologic contexts were selected following review of the capacitively coupled resistivity data collected in 2004. A reevaluation of these sites using the mean, minimum-unadjusted, and minimum-adjusted methods was performed to compare the different approaches for estimating leakage potential.\r\n\r\nFive of the seven sites contained underlying confining units, for which the minimum-unadjusted and minimum-adjusted methods accounted for the confining-unit effect. Estimates of overall leakage potential were lower for the minimum-unadjusted and minimum-adjusted methods than those estimated by the mean method. For most sites, the local heterogeneity adjustment procedure of the minimum-adjusted method resulted in slightly larger overall leakage-potential estimates. In contrast to the mean method, the two minimum-based methods allowed the least permeable areas to control the overall vertical permeability of the subsurface. The minimum-adjusted method refined leakage-potential estimation by additionally including local lithologic heterogeneity effects.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Vrabel, J., Teeple, A., and Kress, W.H., 2009, Estimation of Leakage Potential of Selected Sites in Interstate and Tri-State Canals Using Geostatistical Analysis of Selected Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Profiles, Western Nebraska, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5223, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095223.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5223.jpg"},{"id":13164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew   0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew  ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97987,"text":"sir20095230 - 2009 - Mapping and Visualization of Storm-Surge Dynamics for Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20095230","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5230","title":"Mapping and Visualization of Storm-Surge Dynamics for Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita","docAbstract":"The damages caused by the storm surges from Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita were significant and occurred over broad areas. Storm-surge maps are among the most useful geospatial datasets for hurricane recovery, impact assessments, and mitigation planning for future storms. Surveyed high-water marks were used to generate a maximum storm-surge surface for Hurricane Katrina extending from eastern Louisiana to Mobile Bay, Alabama. The interpolated surface was intersected with high-resolution lidar elevation data covering the study area to produce a highly detailed digital storm-surge inundation map. The storm-surge dataset and related data are available for display and query in a Web-based viewer application. A unique water-level dataset from a network of portable pressure sensors deployed in the days just prior to Hurricane Rita's landfall captured the hurricane's storm surge. The recorded sensor data provided water-level measurements with a very high temporal resolution at surveyed point locations. The resulting dataset was used to generate a time series of storm-surge surfaces that documents the surge dynamics in a new, spatially explicit way. The temporal information contained in the multiple storm-surge surfaces can be visualized in a number of ways to portray how the surge interacted with and was affected by land surface features. Spatially explicit storm-surge products can be useful for a variety of hurricane impact assessments, especially studies of wetland and land changes where knowledge of the extent and magnitude of storm-surge flooding is critical.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095230","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., 2009, Mapping and Visualization of Storm-Surge Dynamics for Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5230, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095230.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5230.jpg"},{"id":13163,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,28 ], [ -94,32 ], [ -87,32 ], [ -87,28 ], [ -94,28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64977f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97990,"text":"ofr20081118 - 2009 - Deep Resistivity Structure of Mid Valley, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1118","title":"Deep Resistivity Structure of Mid Valley, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) at their Nevada Site Office (NSO) are addressing ground-water contamination resulting from historical underground nuclear testing through the Environmental Management (EM) program and, in particular, the Underground Test Area (UGTA) project.\r\n\r\nFrom 1951 to 1992, 828 underground nuclear tests were conducted at the Nevada Test Site northwest of Las Vegas (DOE UGTA, 2003). Most of these tests were conducted hundreds of feet above the ground-water table; however, more than 200 of the tests were near, or within, the water table. This underground testing was limited to specific areas of the Nevada Test Site including Pahute Mesa, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain (RM-SM), Frenchman Flat, and Yucca Flat.\r\n\r\nOne issue of concern is the nature of the somewhat poorly constrained pre-Tertiary geology and its effects on ground-water flow in the area subsequent to a nuclear test. Ground-water modelers would like to know more about the hydrostratigraphy and geologic structure to support a hydrostratigraphic framework model that is under development for the Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain (RM-SM) Corrective Action Unit (CAU) (National Security Technologies, 2007).\r\n\r\nDuring 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the DOE and NNSA-NSO collected and processed data at the Nevada Test Site in and near Yucca Flat (YF) to help define the character, thickness, and lateral extent of the pre-Tertiary confining units. We collected 51 magnetotelluric (MT) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) stations for that research (Williams and others, 2005a, 2005b, 2005c, 2005d, 2005e, and 2005f). In early 2005 we extended that research with 26 additional MT data stations (Williams and others, 2006) located on and near Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain (RM-SM). The new stations extended the area of the hydrogeologic study previously conducted in Yucca Flat, further refining what is known about the pre-Tertiary confining units. In particular, a major goal was to define the extent of the upper clastic confining unit (UCCU). The UCCU is composed of late Devonian to Mississippian siliciclastic rocks assigned to the Eleana Formation and Chainman Shale (National Security Technologies, 2007). The UCCU underlies the Yucca Flat area and extends southwestward toward Shoshone Mountain, westward toward Buckboard Mesa, and northwestward toward Rainier Mesa. Late in 2005 we collected data at an additional 14 MT stations in Mid Valley, CP Hills, and northern Yucca Flat. That work was done to better determine the extent and thickness of the UCCU near the boundary between the southeastern RM-SM CAU and the southwestern YF CAU, and also in the northern YF CAU. The MT data have been released in a separate U.S. Geological Survey report (Williams and others, 2007).\r\n\r\nThe Nevada Test Site magnetotelluric data interpretation presented in this report includes the results of detailed two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity modeling for each profile and inferences on the three-dimensional (3-D) character of the geology within the region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081118","usgsCitation":"Wallin, E.L., Rodriguez, B.D., and Williams, J.M., 2009, Deep Resistivity Structure of Mid Valley, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1118, Report: iv, 46 p.; Plate: 17.5 x 24.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081118.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 46 p.; Plate: 17.5 x 24.5 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1118.jpg"},{"id":13166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.33333333333333,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.33333333333333,37 ], [ -115.91666666666667,37 ], [ -115.91666666666667,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.33333333333333,36.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6725b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallin, Erin L.","contributorId":70066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97986,"text":"sir20095169 - 2009 - Character and Trends of Water Quality in the Blue River Basin, Kansas City Metropolitan Area, Missouri and Kansas, 1998 through 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5169","title":"Character and Trends of Water Quality in the Blue River Basin, Kansas City Metropolitan Area, Missouri and Kansas, 1998 through 2007","docAbstract":"Water-quality and ecological character and trends in the metropolitan Blue River Basin were evaluated from 1998 through 2007 to provide spatial and temporal resolution to factors that affect the quality of water and biota in the basin and provide a basis for assessing the efficacy of long-term combined sewer control and basin management plans. Assessments included measurements of stream discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, nutrients (dissolved and total nitrogen and phosphorus species), fecal-indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and fecal coliform), suspended sediment, organic wastewater and pharmaceutical compounds, and sources of these compounds as well as the quality of stream biota in the basin.\r\n\r\nBecause of the nature and myriad of factors that affect basin water quality, multiple strategies are needed to decrease constituent loads in streams. Strategies designed to decrease or eliminate combined sewer overflows (CSOs) would substantially reduce the annual loads of nutrients and fecal-indicator bacteria in Brush Creek, but have little effect on Blue River loadings. Nonpoint source reductions to Brush Creek could potentially have an equivalent, if not greater, effect on water quality than would CSO reductions. Nonpoint source reductions could also substantially decrease annual nutrient and bacteria loadings to the Blue River and Indian Creek. Methods designed to decrease nutrient loads originating from Blue River and Indian Creek wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could substantially reduce the overall nutrient load in these streams.\r\n\r\nFor the main stem of the Blue River and Indian Creek, primary sources of nutrients were nonpoint source runoff and WWTPs discharges; however, the relative contribution of each source varied depending on how wet or dry the year was and the number of upstream WWTPs. On Brush Creek, approximately two-thirds of the nutrients originated from nonpoint sources and the remainder from CSOs. Nutrient assimilation processes, which reduced total nitrogen loads by approximately 13 percent and total phosphorus loads by double that amount in a 20-kilometer reach of the Blue River during three synoptic base-flow sampling events between August through September 2004 and September 2005, likely are limited to selected periods during any given year and may not substantially reduce annual nutrient loads.\r\n\r\nBacteria densities typically increased with increasing urbanization, and bacteria loadings to the Blue River and Indian Creek were almost entirely the result of nonpoint source runoff. WWTPs contributed, on average, less than 1 percent of the bacteria to these reaches, and in areas of the Blue River that had combined sewers, CSOs contributed only minor amounts (less than 2 percent) of the total annual load in 2005. The bulk of the fecal-indicator bacteria load in Brush Creek also originated from nonpoint sources with the remainder from CSOs. From October 2002 through September 2007, estimated daily mean Escherichia coli bacteria density in upper reaches of the Blue River met the State of Missouri secondary contact criterion standard approximately 85 percent of the time. However, in lower Blue River reaches, the same threshold was exceeded approximately 45 percent of the time.\r\n\r\nThe tributary with the greatest number of CSO discharge points, Brush Creek, contributed approximately 10 percent of the bacteria loads to downstream reaches. The tributary Town Fork Creek had median base-flow Escherichia coli densities that were double that of other basin sites and stormflow densities 10 times greater than those in other parts of the basin largely because approximately one-fourth of the runoff in the Town Fork Creek Basin is believed to originate in combined sewers. Genotypic source typing of bacteria indicated that more than half of the bacteria in this tributary originated from human sources with two storms contributing the bulk of all bacteria sourced as human. However, areas outsid","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095169","isbn":"9781411325203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Kansas City, Missouri, Water Services Department","usgsCitation":"Wilkison, D.H., Armstrong, D., and Hampton, S.A., 2009, Character and Trends of Water Quality in the Blue River Basin, Kansas City Metropolitan Area, Missouri and Kansas, 1998 through 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5169, vi, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095169.","productDescription":"vi, 212 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5169.jpg"},{"id":13162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.75,38.75 ], [ -94.75,39.25 ], [ -94.33333333333333,39.25 ], [ -94.33333333333333,38.75 ], [ -94.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e572b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkison, Donald H. wilkison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"Donald","email":"wilkison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Daniel J. armstron@usgs.gov","contributorId":3823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Daniel J.","email":"armstron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hampton, Sarah A.","contributorId":97593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}