Ecologists regularly use animal contact networks to describe interactions underlying pathogen transmission, gene flow, and information transfer. However, empirical descriptions of contact often overlook some features of individual movement, and decisions about what kind of network to use in a particular setting are commonly ad hoc. Here, we relate individual movement trajectories to contact networks through a tripartite network model of individual, space, and time nodes. Most networks used in animal contact studies (e.g. individual association networks, home range overlap networks, and spatial networks) are simplifications of this tripartite model. The tripartite structure can incorporate a broad suite of alternative ecological metrics like home range sizes and patch occupancy patterns into inferences about contact network metrics such as modularity and degree distribution. We demonstrate the model's utility with two simulation studies using alternative forms of ecological data to constrain the tripartite network's structure and inform expectations about the harder-to-measure metrics related to contact.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2018.0670","usgsCitation":"Manlove, K.R., Aiello, C.M., Sah, P., Cummins, B., Hudson, P.J., and Cross, P.C., 2018, The ecology of movement and behaviour: a saturated tripartite network for describing animal contacts: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 285, no. 1887, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0670.","ipdsId":"IP-092136","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0670","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"285","issue":"1887","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manlove, Kezia R.","contributorId":198305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manlove","given":"Kezia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiello, Christina M. 0000-0002-2399-5464 caiello@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-5464","contributorId":5617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiello","given":"Christina","email":"caiello@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sah, Pratha","contributorId":127768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sah","given":"Pratha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7145,"text":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cummins, Bree","contributorId":208072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cummins","given":"Bree","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":204377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201121,"text":"70201121 - 2018 - Segmentation of Mississippi’s natural and artificial lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T08:42:44","indexId":"70201121","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T14:21:48","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Segmentation of Mississippi’s natural and artificial lakes","docAbstract":"Segmentations divide a diverse resource into groups, or segments, based on distinctive attributes that may respond similarly to management actions. A 4-way segmentation based on lake origin (natural or artificial) and size (small or large) was constructed for Mississippi lakes using a 30 yr data set. We aimed to document elements distinguishing these segments to understand relationships among them and to seek insight into lake management that may be apparent at the segment scale but not at the lake scale. Analyses pinpointed differences among the 4 segments relative to nutrient levels, fish assemblage composition, fishery characteristics, angler catch, and fishery management objectives. In general, most artificial lakes were eutrophic, varied widely relative to species composition depending on whether they impounded small or large rivers, their fish assemblages could be heavily influenced by stocking, provided principally centrarchid fisheries, and the management focus was on angler harvest. Most natural lakes were hypereutrophic, included higher species richness, provided a greater diversity of fisheries, and the management focus was on fish populations and habitat. Fishing success was similar across segments. The group-wise differences substantiate the segmentation and bring into focus a new level of concepts not typically relevant when considering lakes in isolation, such as issues about lake quantities, similarities, and geographical distributions. The segmentation represents the framework needed for considering lakes as parts of a larger and interactive management system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2018.1481469","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Bull, L.A., Colvin, M., Hubbard, W., and Pugh, L., 2018, Segmentation of Mississippi’s natural and artificial lakes: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 34, no. 4, p. 376-391, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2018.1481469.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"391","ipdsId":"IP-091414","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0108d4e4b0815414cc2df9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bull, L. A.","contributorId":204902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bull","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colvin, M.E.","contributorId":53190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvin","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, W.D.","contributorId":6245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pugh, L.L.","contributorId":73763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70213242,"text":"70213242 - 2018 - A method to detect discontinuities in census data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-16T13:31:14.714975","indexId":"70213242","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T13:35:09","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to detect discontinuities in census data","docAbstract":"The distribution of pattern across scales has predictive power in the analysis of complex systems. Discontinuity approaches remain a fruitful avenue of research in the quest for quantitative measures of resilience because discontinuity analysis provides an objective means of identifying scales in complex systems and facilitates delineation of hierarchical patterns in processes, structure, and resources. However, current discontinuity methods have been considered too subjective, too complicated and opaque, or have become computationally obsolete; given the ubiquity of discontinuities in ecological and other complex systems, a simple and transparent method for detection is needed. In this study, we present a method to detect discontinuities in census data based on resampling of a neutral model and provide the R code used to run the analyses. This method has the potential for advancing basic and applied ecological research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4297","usgsCitation":"Barichievy, C., Angeler, D., Eason, T.N., Garmestani, A.S., Nash, K., Stow, C., Sundstrom, S., and Allen, C.R., 2018, A method to detect discontinuities in census data: Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 19, p. 9614-9623, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4297.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9614","endPage":"9623","ipdsId":"IP-098532","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4297","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barichievy, C. 0000-0003-4088-953X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-953X","contributorId":240685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barichievy","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13431,"text":"Zoological Society of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angeler, D. G.","contributorId":240686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Angeler","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[{"id":12665,"text":"University of Cape Town","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eason, T. N.","contributorId":205437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eason","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garmestani, A. S.","contributorId":240687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garmestani","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nash, K.L. 0000-0003-0976-3197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-3197","contributorId":240688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nash","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48132,"text":"Centre for Marine Socioecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stow, C.A.","contributorId":240689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stow","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sundstrom, S.","contributorId":240690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70198480,"text":"fs20183047 - 2018 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Akita Basin Province, Japan, 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:08:22","indexId":"fs20183047","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T12:48:42","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-3047","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Akita Basin Province, Japan, 2018","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 111 million barrels of oil and 85 billion cubic feet of gas in the Akita Basin Province of Japan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183047","collaboration":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Tennyson, M.E., Woodall, C.A., Finn, T.M., Le, P.A., Marra, K.R., Gaswirth, S.B., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Drake, R.M., II, 2018, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Akita Basin Province, Japan, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3047, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183047.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096722","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3047/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":357507,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3047/fs20183047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"561 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018-3047"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Akita Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.5,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n 141,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n 141,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n 138.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n 138.5,\n 38.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS–939
Denver, CO 80225–0046
In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in
cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation,
began collecting annual and approximately quarterly series
peak-streamflow data at streamflow-gaging stations in smallto
medium-sized watersheds in central and western Texas
as part of a crest-stage gage (CSG) network, along with
selected flood-hydrograph data at a subset of these stations.
CSGs record the peak stage during storm events, which is
the maximum gage height (elevation of water surface above
a local vertical datum), at each CSG station. Established and
widely used indirect methods of peak streamflow estimation
and interpretation, such as culvert-flow, slope-area, and
flow-over-road methods, are used in conjunction with peak
gage height data to create the database of peak streamflow
described herein. The CSG network is focused on hydrology
of small- to medium-sized watersheds in central and western
Texas because additional streamflow data for this semiarid
to arid study area will eventually provide for more statistical
information and presumably reduced uncertainty in regional
regression equations or other regionalized statistical methods
for peak-streamflow frequency estimation at ungaged
locations. The database of annual and approximately quarterly
peak streamflow is published through USGS ScienceBase and
described in this report.
Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754–4501
Perchlorate (ClO4−) in groundwater can be from synthetic or natural sources. Natural sources include ClO4− associated with historical application of imported natural nitrate fertilizer from the Atacama Desert of Chile, and indigenous ClO4− that accumulates locally in arid regions from atmospheric deposition. The Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin, 80 km east of Los Angeles, California, includes two mapped ClO4− plumes from known military/industrial sources. Larger areas downgradient from those plumes, and in the Chino subbasin to the southwest, also contain ClO4−. Perchlorate from wells was analyzed for chlorine and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ37Cl, δ18O, Δ17O) and radioactive chlorine-36(36Cl) isotopic abundance, along with other geochemical, isotopic, and hydrogeologic data. Isotopic data show that synthetic ClO4− was the dominant source within the mapped plumes. Downgradient from the mapped plumes, and in the Chino subbasin, the dominant source of ClO4− was related to past agricultural use of Chilean (Atacama) nitrate fertilizer. The 36Cl and δ18O data indicate that wells having predominantly synthetic or Atacama ClO4− also contained small fractions of indigenous ClO4−. Little or no differences were observed in isotopic composition or ClO4− source with depth in depth-dependent data from selected wells. Indigenous ClO4− was most evident in upgradient wells having ClO4− concentrations <1 μg/L, consistent with its occurrence as a background constituent throughout the region. Stable isotope ratios of chlorine and oxygen and 36Cl isotopic abundance data provided relatively unambiguous discrimination of synthetic and Atacama sources in most wells having ClO4− concentrations greater than 1 μg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020","usgsCitation":"Hatzinger, P.B., Bohlke, J., Sturchio, N.C., Izbicki, J.A., and Teague, N.F., 2018, Four-dimensional isotopic approach to identify perchlorate sources in groundwater: Application to the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins, southern California (USA): Applied Geochemistry, v. 97, p. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-095009","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.0333\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 34.0333\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 34.1833\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.1833\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.0333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ae4b0fc368eb538e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":149376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17721,"text":"Shaw Environmental, Princeton, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teague, Nicholas F. 0000-0001-5289-1210 nteague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":2145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nicholas","email":"nteague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198867,"text":"sir20185095 - 2018 - Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T11:10:08","indexId":"sir20185095","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5095","title":"Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14","docAbstract":"Nitrogen transport and transformation were studied during 2013 to 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in a subterranean estuary beneath onshore locations on the Seacoast Shores peninsula, a residential area in Falmouth, Massachusetts, served by septic systems and cesspools, and adjacent offshore locations in the Eel River, a saltwater embayment connected to the ocean. The field investigation included installation and sampling of clusters of wells and temporary sampling points near a transect extending from about 35 meters (m) onshore to 18 m offshore.
The fresh groundwater at the study site formed a lens about 11 m thick at the shoreline that was underlain by saline groundwater. Groundwater flow in the water-table aquifer was oriented northwestward toward the embayment. Nitrate concentrations in the fresh groundwater at a site about 35 m onshore increased in the downward direction from less than 500 micromoles per liter near the water table to about 1,700 micromoles per liter just above the freshwater/saltwater transition zone. Dissolved oxygen was largely absent in the onshore fresh groundwater. Distributions of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate at the shoreline and offshore generally were similar to those onshore; at some locations, however, shallow saline water was present above the freshwater, and there were scattered occurrences of elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Geochemical indicators of nitrate reduction, including concentrations of the reaction product nitrogen gas, stable isotope ratios of nitrate and nitrogen gas, and changes in alkalinity, provided evidence for nitrate reduction in two zones separated vertically by a zone 7–8 m thick with no evidence of nitrate reduction. The shallow nitrate-reduction zone was near the water table in fresh groundwater onshore, where nitrate reduction may be related to particular recharge conditions at nearby sources. The shallow nitrate-reduction zone also may be related to an interval of fine-grained sediments at about the same altitude (−1 to −6 m relative to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929), where flow is slower and reactive electron donors such as solid organic carbon, iron, or sulfide phases may be present to drive the reduction. The deep nitrate-reduction zone was near the freshwater/saltwater transition zone, where nitrate reduction may be related to mixing of freshwater containing nitrate and saltwater containing dissolved organic carbon and ammonium, or to fine-grained sediments near the transition zone. The maximum amount of nitrate converted to nitrogen gas was estimated to be less than or equal to 300 micromoles per liter in both nitrate-reduction zones.
The presence of nitrate and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the 7–8-meter-thick zone between the shallow and deep nitrate-reduction zones are conditions that could permit nitrate reduction. The absence of evidence of nitrate reduction in the high-nitrate zone may have resulted from the lack of reactive electron donors in that depth interval. The high-nitrate zone dissipated somewhat in the offshore direction, but the current study did not extend far enough to encompass the fresh groundwater discharge area or determine how much of the nitrate was removed prior to discharge.
A shallow intertidal saltwater cell was formed during a spring tide by saltwater infiltration during tidal run-up on the beach. Nitrate reduction might have occurred if nitrate-containing fresh groundwater discharging to the estuary mixed with the saltwater containing dissolved organic carbon in this zone, but samples collected from the intertidal saltwater cell during this study were not analyzed for indicators of nitrate reduction.
Elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations in fresh groundwater 9 m offshore may indicate that groundwater flow was partly oblique to the sampling transect or that groundwater from a regional flow system was converging under the river near the study area. Flow directions also may have been affected by aquifer heterogeneity such as the shallow fine-grained sediments onshore and at the bottom of the Eel River. Improved understanding of the fate of nitrate in this type of complex setting might be gained by including additional characterization of aquifer heterogeneity and groundwater flow and extending investigations of nitrate reduction to the shallow sediments in the intertidal saltwater cell and adjacent subtidal zone and to locations farther offshore beneath the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development and Region 1 (New England)","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., LeBlanc, D.R., Böhlke, J.K., McCobb, T.D., Kroeger, K.D., Belaval, M., Cambareri, T.C., Pirolli, G.F., Brooks, T.W., Garren, M.E., Stover, T.B., and Keeley, A., 2018, Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5095, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185095.","productDescription":"ix, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062996","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WF0 ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data supporting analysis of geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013"},{"id":437746,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WF0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data supporting analysis of geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts"},{"id":356663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5095/sir20185095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5095"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"East Falmouth","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -70.52553176879881,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -70.52553176879881,\n 41.580525125613846\n ],\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.580525125613846\n ],\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.56203190200195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
For more than three decades, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Project has compiled paleoenvironmental data with the goal of reconstructing global conditions during the warm interval in the middle of the Piacenzian Age of the Pliocene Epoch (about 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago). Because this is the most recent interval of time in which climatic conditions were similar to those expected in the near future, a global reconstruction of conditions from this interval offers an imperfect yet useful representation of near future conditions. PRISM reconstructions have been used extensively as boundary conditions in general circulation model experiments aimed at better understanding Pliocene climate. They have also served as hindcasting targets when testing the ability of climate models to simulate real climates of the past, an exercise in estimating a model’s ability to accurately predict future climate. As data coverage has grown and model precision has improved, PRISM datasets have become important validation tools for pinpointing discrete areas of data-model disagreement and model-model disagreement. The Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) dataset is the best developed component of the PRISM reconstructions and is the keystone of Pliocene paleoclimate research. For the first time, we compile all data related to PRISM SST estimation. This discussion chronicles the history of PRISM SST research as it evolved, responding to advances in paleochronology and paleotemperature estimation. Paleoclimatic considerations unique to each location are illustrated, as are any new developments since the initial publication of the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181148","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M.M., Dowsett, H.J., Foley, K.M., and Riesselman, C.R., 2018, PRISM marine sites—The history of PRISM sea surface temperature estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1148, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181148.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-087999","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1148/ofr20181148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","description":"OFR 2018-1148"},{"id":357305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1148/coverthb3.jpg"}],"contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
926A National Center
Reston, VA 20192
In south-central Texas, the amount of streamflow in the Guadalupe River is a primary concern for local and downstream communities because of municipal, agricultural, wildlife, and recreational uses. Understanding the flow paths and rates of exchange between the surface water in the river and the groundwater in the underlying Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer is vital for understanding the water budget and streamflow variations. In areas where the Guadalupe River crosses the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer outcrop, the surface-water and groundwater exchanges are not well characterized. Traditional methods to measure these interactions, such as measuring differences in surface-water flows at different locations to infer gains and losses between the locations, are not feasible along this stretch of the Guadalupe River because of upstream dams that cause large daily fluctuations in streamflow. Consequently, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority, applied geophysical methods in an exploratory study to identify reaches of the river where streamflow gains and losses (surface-water/groundwater exchanges) might be occurring.
Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
Treated domestic septage can be used to irrigate agricultural fields as a disposal method or as a means to reuse water. Because traditional on-site treatment systems are not designed to remove wastewater indicators, hormones, sterols, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals, land application of septage potentially results in soil contamination. Soils were collected and analyzed from four sites in a central Minnesota agricultural field irrigated with domestic septage. Soil samples were analyzed for 111 unique contaminants, including wastewater indicators, hormones, sterols, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals. In total, 32 contaminants were detected in soil samples. Several wastewater indicators were detected in soil, including fragrances, alkylphenols, and flame-retardants, at concentrations ranging from 1 (2,6-dimethylnaphthalene at soil site 4) to 1,550 (β-sitosterol at soil site 1) micrograms per kilogram. Relative to the number of contaminants analyzed, steroid hormones had the most frequent detections in soil samples (33 percent), and androgens were more prevalent compared to estrogens (50 and 22 percent, respectively). Androgens and estrogens were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.21 (estrone at soil site 3) to 3.9 (dihydrotestosterone at soil site 1) micrograms per kilogram. Quantifiable concentrations of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals ranged from 1.4 (carbamazepine at soil site 1) to 540 (azithromycin at soil site 3) micrograms per kilogram. Two antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, were detected at concentrations above the limit of quantification (greater than 1,000 micrograms per kilogram at soil sites 2 and 3). This pilot sampling indicates that soils may be a repository for some contaminants introduced to the environment through land application of domestic septage.
Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112
Mean random vitrinite reflectance (Ro) is the most widely accepted method to determine thermal maturity of coal and other sedimentary rocks. However, oil-immersion Ro of polished rock or kerogen samples is commonly lower than Ro values measured in samples from adjacent vitrinite-rich coals that have undergone the same level of thermal stress. So-called suppressed Ro values have also been observed in hydrous pyrolysis experiments designed to simulate petroleum formation. Various hypotheses to explain Ro suppression, such as sorption of products generated from liptinite during maturation, diagenetic formation of perhydrous vitrinite or overpressure, remain controversial. To experimentally test for suppression of vitrinite reflectance, artificial rock was prepared using silica and a calcined blend of limestone and clay with various proportions of thermally immature vitrinite-rich Wyodak-Anderson coal and liptinite-rich kerogen isolated from the oil-prone Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation. The samples were subjected to hydrous pyrolysis for 72 h. at isothermal temperatures of 300 °C, 330 °C, and 350 °C to simulate burial maturation. Compared to artificial rock that contains only coal, samples with different proportions of oil-prone kerogen show distinct suppression of calibrated Ro at 300 °C and 330 °C. The reflectance of solid bitumen generated during heating of the samples is lower than that of the associated vitrinite and does not interfere with the Ro measurements. These results provide the first experimental evidence that Ro suppression occurs in vitrinite mixed with liptinite-rich kerogen in a rock matrix. Although the precise chemical mechanism for Ro suppression by liptinite remains unclear, free radicals generated from solid bitumen and associated volatile products during maturation of liptinite may contribute to termination reactions that slow the aromatization and rearrangement of polyaromatic sheets in vitrinite, thus suppressing Ro. This mechanism does not preclude Ro suppression that might result from overpressure or differences in redox conditions during diagenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.010","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Hackley, P.C., Thomas, J., and Pomerantz, A.E., 2018, Suppression of vitrinite reflectance by bitumen generated from liptinite during hydrous pyrolysis of artificial source rock: Organic Geochemistry, v. 125, p. 220-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-098867","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.09.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9S3CVNI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for mean random reflectance for products of hydrous pyrolysis experiments on artificial rock mixtures of humic Wyodak-Anderson coal (2018)"},{"id":437747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9S3CVNI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data release for mean random reflectance for products of hydrous pyrolysis experiments on artificial rock mixtures of humic Wyodak-Anderson coal (2018)"},{"id":384586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Kenneth E.","contributorId":213618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27162,"text":"Schlumberger","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, J. J.","contributorId":255620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":27322,"text":"Schlumberger-Doll Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pomerantz, A. E.","contributorId":255623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomerantz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27322,"text":"Schlumberger-Doll Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250821,"text":"70250821 - 2018 - Patch age since disturbance drives patch dynamics for flycatchers breeding in both reservoir and riverine habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T16:14:31.730331","indexId":"70250821","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-19T10:11:14","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patch age since disturbance drives patch dynamics for flycatchers breeding in both reservoir and riverine habitat","docAbstract":"Species dependent upon early-successional landscapes often occupy patches at different stages of recovery after disturbance. The demographic processes that drive patch dynamics in these systems have rarely been described but are important for developing effective conservation and management plans, especially when humans have modified the timing and intensity of disturbances that drive regeneration. In riparian systems, disturbance by floods historically initiated plant regeneration, but many rivers are now regulated and stream flows disrupted by dams and reservoirs. We studied the demography and patch dynamics of an endangered, neotropical migrant bird dependent on remnant riparian patches for breeding, the southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax trailli extimus), over 9 yr at both a riverine and reservoir site in central Arizona. We found that at both sites, number of territories/ha within patches increased for 2–4 yr after colonization and then declined, with several patches abandoned after 6–10 yr. Age of birds increased with patch age, with younger birds in colonizing patches and older, site-faithful birds in older patches, while mean per capita reproductive success did not differ with patch age. Natal dispersal and breeding dispersal were primarily from intermediate-aged patches into either young- or other intermediate-aged patches. At both riverine and reservoir sites, both the number of patches and the number of territorial birds increased over time, with the percentage of territories shifting into younger and younger patches. The type of disturbance driving patch regeneration differed between riverine and reservoir sites (seasonal flooding vs. falling lake levels due to drought), but the demographic patterns did not, indicating that reservoirs can generate patch dynamics similar to those on rivers. Managing stream flows and reservoir levels to maintain disturbance cycles sufficient to generate riparian patches at different stages of regeneration through time would benefit succession-dependent species like the endangered flycatcher we studied, whether those disturbances arise from natural flooding events along free-flowing rivers or through changes in reservoir levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2425","usgsCitation":"Theimer, T.C., Sogge, M.K., and Paxton, E.H., 2018, Patch age since disturbance drives patch dynamics for flycatchers breeding in both reservoir and riverine habitat: Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 9, e02425, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2425.","productDescription":"e02425, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099402","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2425","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":424187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theimer, Tad C 0000-0002-4565-8661","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-8661","contributorId":223213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theimer","given":"Tad","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":891676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197126,"text":"cir1443 - 2018 - A snapshot of women of the U.S. Geological Survey in STEM and related careers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:37:47","indexId":"cir1443","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-19T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1443","displayTitle":"A Snapshot of Women of the U.S. Geological Survey in STEM and Related Careers","title":"A snapshot of women of the U.S. Geological Survey in STEM and related careers","docAbstract":"The term “STEM” has been used to group together the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and to describe education and professions related to these fields. The professional fields connected to STEM education are thought of as engineering, medicine, and computer technology. Yet these professional fields are merely the tip of the iceberg. Numerous opportunities in these fields encompass environmental research. The possibilities range from predicting the next earthquake to saving polar bears from extinction to developing a vaccine for salmon measles.
The science of natural systems is complex and often requires people from a variety of fields of expertise to make headway with a solution. To that end, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has long recognized the need for a diversity of STEM expertise to address the Nation’s environmental research needs and the vision to facilitate integration of these fields. We are team builders!
In this book, we point out the many facets of research carried out by USGS STEM scientists in an effort to show career options and pathways not typically pursued. The women portrayed were selected by USGS associate and regional directors as representative of particular fields and to inspire future generations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1443","isbn":"978-1-4113-4232-3","collaboration":" ","usgsCitation":"Aragon-Long, S.C., Burkett, V.R., Weyers, H.S., Haig, S.M., Davenport, M.S., and Warner, K.L., 2018, A snapshot of women of the U.S. Geological Survey in STEM and related careers: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1443, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1443.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 100 p.; Postcard: 6.0 x 4.25 inches; Poster: 22.0 x 28.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087987","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1443/cir1443.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1443"},{"id":356624,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1443/cir1443_poster-artistic.pdf","text":"Poster","size":"14.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- (22 x 28 inches)"},{"id":356623,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1443/cir1443_postcard.pdf","text":"Postcard","size":"4.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- (6 x 4 1/4 inches)"},{"id":354296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1443/coverthb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"For a copy of this publication, please visit the U.S. Geological Survey store.\n","contact":"For questions or feedback, please visit
https://answers.usgs.gov/
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus (“nutrients”) loadings continue to affect ecosystem function and human health across the U.S. Our ability to connect atmospheric inputs of nutrients to aquatic end points remains limited due to uncoupled air and water quality monitoring. Where connections exist, the information provides insights about source apportionment, trends, risk to sensitive ecosystems, and efficacy of pollution reduction efforts. We examine several issues driving the need for better integrated monitoring, including: coastal eutrophication, urban hotspots of deposition, a shift from oxidized to reduced nitrogen deposition, and the disappearance of pristine lakes. Successful coordination requires consistent data reporting; collocating deposition and water quality monitoring; improving phosphorus deposition measurements; and filling coverage gaps in urban corridors, agricultural areas, undeveloped watersheds, and coastal zones.
A large subaerial landslide entered Taan Fiord, Alaska, on 17 October 2015 producing a tsunami with runup to 193 m. We use LiDAR data to show the slide volume to be 76 + 3/−4 million cubic meters and that 51,000,000 m3 entered Taan Fiord. In 2016, we mapped the fjord with multibeam bathymetry and high‐resolution seismic data. Landslide and postlandslide deposits extend 6 km downfjord, are up to 70 ± 11 m thick, and have a total volume of ~147,000,000 m3. Seismic data image a blocky landslide unit and two units deposited immediately after the landslide. The blocky landslide unit is ~65,000,000 m3. We infer it consists dominantly of subaerially derived material and secondarily of fjord floor sediment. The overlying units are likely megaturbidites presumably deposited within minutes to days after the landslide. We infer that these deposits dominantly consist of fjord floor material mobilized and suspended as the slide entered and traveled downfjord. The lower postlandslide unit is up to 35 ± 6 m thick, and the upper unit is up to 12 ± 3 m thick. These deposits are distinctive and will leave a lasting record of the event. This subaerial‐to‐submarine landslide deposit is distinct from other submarine landslide deposits studied in Alaskan fjords because it has a much greater thickness, larger and more angular blocks, distinctive postlandslide megaturbidites, and a higher‐amplitude acoustic signature of the blocky deposit. The tight constraints on the landslide source and deposit volumes, topography, bathymetry, and tsunami runup heights and flow directions should make this a benchmark site for landslide‐tsunami models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JF004608","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P., Gulick, S.P., McCall, N., Walton, M.A., Reece, R., Larson, C., Shugar, D.H., Geertsema, M., Venditti, J.G., and Labay, K.A., 2018, Submarine deposition of a subaerial landslide in Taan Fiord, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 123, no. 10, p. 2443-2463, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004608.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2443","endPage":"2463","ipdsId":"IP-094084","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jf004608","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taan Fiord","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.6,\n 60.25\n ],\n [\n -141.6,\n 59.75\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 59.75\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 60.25\n ],\n [\n -141.6,\n 60.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gulick, S. P. S 0000-0003-4740-9068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-9068","contributorId":248396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gulick","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P. S","affiliations":[{"id":49883,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCall, N. 0000-0001-7133-7717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-7717","contributorId":248397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCall","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49883,"text":"Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton, Maureen A. L. 0000-0001-8496-463X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-463X","contributorId":211025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"A. L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reece, R. 0000-0002-0769-1698","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-1698","contributorId":248398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reece","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49885,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, C.","contributorId":248399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":49886,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shugar, D. H. 0000-0002-6279-8420","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-8420","contributorId":248400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shugar","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":49887,"text":"Water, Sediment, Hazards, and Earth-surface Dynamics (waterSHED) Lab, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Geertsema, M. 0000-0002-4650-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4650-8251","contributorId":167412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geertsema","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Venditti, J. G. 0000-0002-2876-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-4251","contributorId":248401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Venditti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":49888,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":217714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70220425,"text":"70220425 - 2018 - Evaluating airsoft electric guns for control of invasive brown treesnakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-13T11:49:56.665113","indexId":"70220425","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-19T06:47:27","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating airsoft electric guns for control of invasive brown treesnakes","docAbstract":"Firearms are often used in lethal control of invasive vertebrates, but safety and regulatory aspects limit the circumstances under which they can be used. During August 2016 at the Brown Treesnake Project laboratory on Guam, we evaluated hobby‐grade Airsoft Electric Guns (AEGs)—a lower powered, less‐hazardous, and less‐regulated alternative to firearms—for capture and control of small animals, with specific emphasis on invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis). Tests of AEGs differing in power with ammunition (plastic pellets) masses ranging from 0.20 to 0.39 g, fired at gelatin blocks from distances of 4, 8, and 12 m, showed that heavy ammunition is of overriding importance for maximizing lethality: 0.39‐g pellets penetrated more deeply at 12 m than did 0.20‐g pellets at 4 m. Inspection of tissue damage in brown treesnake carcasses subjected to fire with the 0.39‐g ammunition from the same distances suggested that injuries sustained by a direct hit from 12 m would often be lethal, and snakes would be unlikely to survive multiple hits from automatic fire discharged at approximately 17/s. Limited trials with live snakes helped us to understand behavioral responses in a snake hit by ≥1 pellets, including distance traveled over time. Based on these factors, we assessed the risk that a snake injured by pellet fire might evade subsequent capture by rapid responders in the proximity. We also discuss ethical considerations and regulatory advantages of using AEGs. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The digital elevation model documented here provides a tool for calibrating tsunami models to effects of the 1945 Makran tsunami that were observed in Karachi Harbour. The DEM bathymetry is derived from soundings made mainly during the first 8 years post-tsunami. While deficient in its portrayal of interior tidelands and upland topography, the DEM accurately represents the setting of a tide gauge that recorded the 1945 tsunami.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has improved detection probabilities of aquatic invasive species but lab-based analytical
platforms for eDNA analyses slow opportunities for rapid response. Effective approaches that address this analytical
bottleneck and improve capacity for rapid response are urgently needed. We tested the sensitivity of a portable, field-based
eDNA platform relative to widely used lab-based eDNA approaches for detecting invasive northern pike (Esox lucius) in
eight lakes on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. The portable, field-based platform takes ~ 1 hr from sample collection to final results
and uses a field-based DNA extraction kit, a shelf-stable assay, and a portable real-time PCR thermocycler. Lab-based
approaches take days to weeks to months for final results and use lab-based DNA extraction kits, lab-bound assays, and
benchtop real-time thermocyclers. We found that the portable, field-based approach was less sensitive than lab-based
approaches and was more prone to inhibition, thus increasing potential for false-negatives. Until sensitivity and inhibition
issues can be resolved, this portable, field-based approach is best viewed as a complement to rather than a replacement of
standard eDNA lab-based approaches.
High water temperatures can increase the energetic cost for salmon to migrate and spawn, which can be important for Snake River fall‐run Chinook salmon because they migrate great distances (>500 km) at a time when river temperatures (18–24°C) can be above their optimum temperatures (16.5°C). Average river temperatures and random combinations of migration and spawning dates were used to simulate fish travel times and determine the energetic consequences of different thermal experiences during migration. An energy threshold criterion (4 kJ/g) was also imposed on survival and spawning success, which was used to determine how prevailing temperatures might select against certain migration dates and thermal experiences, and in turn, explain the selection for the current spawning phenology of the population. Scenarios of tributary use for thermal refugia under increasing water temperatures (1, 2, and 3°C) were also run to determine which combinations of migration dates, travel rates, and resulting thermal experiences might be most affected by energy exhaustion. As expected, when compared to observations, the model under existing conditions and energy use could explain the onset, but not the end of the observed spawning migration. Simulations of early migrants had greater energy loss than late migrants regardless of the river temperature scenario, but higher temperatures disproportionately selected against a larger fraction of early‐migrating fish, although using cold‐water tributaries during migration provided a buffer against higher energy use at higher temperatures. The fraction of simulated fish that exceeded the threshold for migration success increased from 58% to 72% as average seasonal river temperatures over baseline temperatures increased. The model supports the conclusion that increases in average seasonal river temperatures as little as 1°C could impose greater thermal constraints on the fish, select against early migrants, and in turn, truncate the onset of the current spawning migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4353","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., 2018, A bioenergetics evaluation of temperature‐dependent selection for the spawning phenology by Snake River fall Chinook salmon: Ecology and Evolution, v. 62, no. 4, p. 351-354, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4353.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-091288","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4353","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -116.34521484375001,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -116.34521484375001,\n 47.34626718205302\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 47.34626718205302\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 45.0502402697946\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ce4b0fc368eb538f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199450,"text":"70199450 - 2018 - Survey-based assessment of the frequency and potential impacts of recreation on polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T13:48:10","indexId":"70199450","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-18T13:47:51","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey-based assessment of the frequency and potential impacts of recreation on polar bears","docAbstract":"Conservation plans for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) typically cannot prescribe management actions to address their primary threat: sea ice loss associated with climate warming. However, there may be other stressors that compound the negative effects of sea ice loss which can be mitigated. For example, Arctic tourism has increased concurrent with polar bears increasingly using terrestrial habitats, which creates the potential for increased human-bear interactions. Little is known about the types, frequency, or potential impacts of recreation. We conducted a Delphi survey among experts who live and work in polar bear habitats, followed by an internet-based survey to which 47 managers, tour operators, community members, and scientists contributed. Participants identified viewing-based recreation as increasing and affecting the largest proportion of bears within subpopulationsthat come ashore during the ice-free season. Survey respondents suggested that negative effects of viewing, including displacement and habituation, could be reduced by restricting human use areas and distances between bears and people. Killing of bears in defense was associated more with camping or hunting for other species than other recreations, and may be mitigated with deterrents. Snowmobiling was the most common recreation across the polar bears' range, and reportedly caused some den abandonment and displacement. However, respondents estimated that <10% of polar bears are exposed to most types of recreation and <50% surmised any negative impacts. Nevertheless, mitigating some of the negative impacts identified in this study may become increasingly important as polar bears cope with sea ice loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.008","usgsCitation":"Rode, K.D., Fortin, J., Garshelis, D., Dyck, M., Sahanatien, V., Atwood, T.C., Belikov, S., Laidre, K.L., Miller, S., Obbard, M.E., Vongraven, D., Ware, J.V., and Wilder, J., 2018, Survey-based assessment of the frequency and potential impacts of recreation on polar bears: Biological Conservation, v. 227, p. 121-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"132","ipdsId":"IP-098324","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J67F31","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from a Circumpolar Survey on Recreational Activities in Polar Bear Habitat, 2017-2018"},{"id":357441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ce4b0fc368eb538f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortin, Jennifer K. jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","contributorId":5419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortin","given":"Jennifer K.","email":"jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garshelis, Dave","contributorId":207975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garshelis","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dyck, Markus","contributorId":173868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyck","given":"Markus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sahanatien, Vicki","contributorId":131124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahanatien","given":"Vicki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Laidre, Kristin L.","contributorId":191798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laidre","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Susanne","contributorId":50955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vongraven, Dag","contributorId":131092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vongraven","given":"Dag","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ware, Jasmine V.","contributorId":192039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ware","given":"Jasmine","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wilder, James","contributorId":152610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilder","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70199445,"text":"70199445 - 2018 - Developing hydro-meteorological thresholds for shallow landslide initiation and early warning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T13:43:44","indexId":"70199445","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-18T13:43:40","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing hydro-meteorological thresholds for shallow landslide initiation and early warning","docAbstract":"Consistent relations between shallow landslide initiation and associated rainfall characteristics remain difficult to identify, due largely to the complex hydrological and geological processes causing slopes to be predisposed to failure and those processes that subsequently trigger failures. Considering the importance of hillslope hydrology for rainfall-induced landsliding, we develop and test a method for identifying hybrid hydro-meteorological thresholds to assess landslide initiation potential. We outline a series of steps for using a landslide inventory in combination with triggering rainfall and antecedent wetness to identify empirical thresholds that can inform landslide early warning systems. The method is semi-automated but remains flexible enough to allow threshold developers to consider data inputs and various performance metrics with different priorities for balancing failed versus false alarms. We demonstrate the utility of our approach for two monitoring sites near Seattle, Washington and in Portland, Oregon, USA, to develop daily bilinear thresholds within a two-dimensional parameter space, which rely on accurate 24 h forecasts, measured recent rainfall and in situ soil saturation. Although there were no prior landslide thresholds for Portland, our new hybrid threshold for the Seattle area outperforms established rainfall-only thresholds for the same region. Introducing subsurface hydrologic monitoring into landslide initiation thresholds has the potential to greatly improve early warning capabilities and help reduce losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w10091274","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Morphew, M.D., and Smith, J.B., 2018, Developing hydro-meteorological thresholds for shallow landslide initiation and early warning: Water, v. 10, no. 9, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091274.","productDescription":"Article 1274; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-101411","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091274","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7367,\n 45.5217\n ],\n [\n -122.7333,\n 45.5217\n ],\n [\n -122.7333,\n 45.5233\n ],\n [\n -122.7367,\n 45.5233\n ],\n [\n -122.7367,\n 45.5217\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.34100341796875,\n 47.874907453605935\n ],\n [\n -122.31628417968749,\n 47.874907453605935\n ],\n [\n -122.31628417968749,\n 47.892866512069666\n ],\n [\n -122.34100341796875,\n 47.892866512069666\n ],\n [\n -122.34100341796875,\n 47.874907453605935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ce4b0fc368eb538f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morphew, Michael D. 0000-0003-0072-1652","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-1652","contributorId":207959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morphew","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37668,"text":"USGS, Student- Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199446,"text":"70199446 - 2018 - Decadal topographic change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Thermokarst subsidence, glacier thinning, and transfer of water storage from the cryosphere to the hydrosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T13:35:39","indexId":"70199446","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-18T13:35:28","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal topographic change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Thermokarst subsidence, glacier thinning, and transfer of water storage from the cryosphere to the hydrosphere","docAbstract":"Recent local-scale observations of glaciers, streams, and soil surfaces in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica (MDV) have documented evidence for rapid ice loss, glacial thinning, and ground surface subsidence associated with melting of ground ice. To evaluate the extent, magnitude, and location of decadal-scale landscape change in the MDV, we collected airborne lidar elevation data in 2014–2015 and compared these data to a 2001–2002 airborne lidar campaign. This regional assessment of elevation change spans the recent acceleration of warming and melting observed by long-term meteorological and ecosystem response experiments, allowing us to assess the response of MDV surfaces to warming and potential thawing feedbacks. We find that locations of thermokarst subsidence are strongly associated with the presence of excess ground ice and with proximity to surface or shallow subsurface (active layer) water. Subsidence occurs across soil types and landforms, in low-lying, low-slope areas with impeded drainage and also high on steep valley walls. Glacier thinning is widespread and is associated with the growth of fine-scale roughness. Pond levels are rising in most closed-basin lakes in the MDV, across all microclimate zones. These observations highlight the continued importance of insolation-driven melting in the MDV. The regional melt pattern is consistent with an overall transition of water storage from the local cryosphere (glaciers, permafrost) to the hydrosphere (closed basin lakes and ponds as well as the Ross Sea). We interpret this regional melting pattern to reflect a transition to Arctic and alpine-style, hydrologically mediated permafrost and glacial melt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.012","usgsCitation":"Levy, J., Fountain, A., Obryk, M., Telling, J., Glennie, C., Pettersson, R., Gooseff, M., and van Horn, D., 2018, Decadal topographic change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Thermokarst subsidence, glacier thinning, and transfer of water storage from the cryosphere to the hydrosphere: Geomorphology, v. 323, p. 80-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-098526","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","volume":"323","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ce4b0fc368eb538f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levy, J.S.","contributorId":207960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37669,"text":"Colgate University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fountain, A.G.","contributorId":207961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obryk, Maciej K. 0000-0002-8182-8656","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-8656","contributorId":203477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obryk","given":"Maciej","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Telling, J.","contributorId":207962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Telling","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37670,"text":"National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glennie, C.","contributorId":207963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glennie","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37670,"text":"National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pettersson, R.","contributorId":207964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pettersson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37671,"text":"Uppsala University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gooseff, M.","contributorId":201026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van Horn, D.J.","contributorId":207965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Horn","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}