The abiotic, thermochemically controlled reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide coupled with the oxidation of hydrocarbons, is termed thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), and is an important alteration process that affects petroleum accumulations in nature. Although TSR is commonly observed in high-temperature carbonate reservoirs, it has proven difficult to simulate in the laboratory under conditions resembling nature. The present study was designed to evaluate the relative reactivities of various sulfate species in order to provide greater insight into the mechanism of TSR and potentially to fill the gap between laboratory experimental data and geological observations. Accordingly, quantum mechanics density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine the activation energy required to reach a potential transition state for various aqueous systems involving simple hydrocarbons and different sulfate species. The entire reaction process that results in the reduction of sulfate to sulfide is far too complex to be modeled entirely; therefore, we examined what is believed to be the rate limiting step, namely, the reduction of sulfate S(VI) to sulfite S(IV). The results of the study show that water-solvated sulfate anions SO42- are very stable due to their symmetrical molecular structure and spherical electronic distributions. Consequently, in the absence of catalysis, the reactivity of SO42- is expected to be extremely low. However, both the protonation of sulfate to form bisulfate anions (HSO4-) and the formation of metal-sulfate contact ion-pairs could effectively destabilize the sulfate molecular structure, thereby making it more reactive.
Previous reports of experimental simulations of TSR generally have involved the use of acidic solutions that contain elevated concentrations of \"HSO4- relative to SO42-. However, in formation waters typically encountered in petroleum reservoirs, the concentration of HSO4- is likely to be significantly lower than the levels used in the laboratory, with most of the dissolved sulfate occurring as SO42-, aqueous calcium sulfate ([CaSO4](aq)), and aqueous magnesium sulfate ([MgSO4](aq)). Our calculations indicate that TSR reactions that occur in natural environments are most likely to involve bisulfate ions (HSO4-) and/or magnesium sulfate contact ion-pairs ([MgSO4]CIP) rather than ‘free’ sulfate ions (SO42-) or solvated sulfate ion-pairs, and that water chemistry likely plays a significant role in controlling the rate of TSR.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.061","usgsCitation":"Ma, Q., Ellis, G.S., Amrani, A., Zhang, T., and Tang, Y., 2008, Theoretical study on the reactivity of sulfate species with hydrocarbons: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 18, p. 4565-4576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.061.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4565","endPage":"4576","ipdsId":"IP-002841","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, Qisheng","contributorId":225212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Qisheng","affiliations":[{"id":41076,"text":"Power, Environmental, and Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":225211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":790771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amrani, Alon","contributorId":225213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amrani","given":"Alon","affiliations":[{"id":41077,"text":"Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Tongwei","contributorId":225214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tongwei","affiliations":[{"id":41078,"text":"Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tang, Yongchun","contributorId":225215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Yongchun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":82132,"text":"ofr20081158 - 2008 - ShakeCast Manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"ofr20081158","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1158","title":"ShakeCast Manual","docAbstract":"ShakeCast is a freely available, post-earthquake situational awareness application that automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares intensity measures against users? facilities, and generates potential damage assessment notifications, facility damage maps, and other Web-based products for emergency managers and responders.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081158","usgsCitation":"Lin, K., and Wald, D.J., 2008, ShakeCast Manual (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1158, viii, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081158.","productDescription":"viii, 90 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a13a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan","contributorId":38656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":82130,"text":"ofr20081177 - 2008 - Yellow-billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado River and Its Tributaries, 2007 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081177","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1177","title":"Yellow-billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado River and Its Tributaries, 2007 Annual Report","docAbstract":"This 2007 annual report details the second season of a 2-year study documenting western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) distribution, abundance, and habitat use throughout the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program boundary area. We conducted cuckoo surveys at 40 sites within 14 areas, between 11 June and 9 September 2007. The 169 surveys across all sites yielded 163 yellow-billed cuckoo detections. Cuckoos were detected at 25 of the 40 sites, primarily at the Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) study area (n = 139 detections; 85 percent of all detections). Detections declined slightly through the cuckoo breeding season, with most detections occurring in the first and second survey periods (n = 92; 54 percent). We detected breeding activity only at the Bill Williams River NWR, where we confirmed 27 breeding events, including two nesting observations. However, the breeding status of most detected birds was unknown. \r\n\r\nWe used playback broadcast recordings to survey for yellow-billed cuckoos. Compared to simple point counts or surveys, this method increases the number of detections of this secretive, elusive species. It has long been suspected that cuckoos have a fairly low response rate, and that the standard survey method of using broadcast recordings might fail to detect all birds present in an area. In 2007, we found that the majority (84 percent) of cuckoo detections were solicited through broadcast at all study sites. The number of solicited detections was highest during the first survey period and declined as the breeding season progressed, while the number of unsolicited detections (cuckoos heard calling before broadcast was initiated) remained fairly constant through the first, second, and third survey periods. The majority (66 percent) of cuckoo detections, solicited or unsolicited, were aural, 23 percent were both heard and seen, and 11 percent were visual detections only. We also found that 50 percent of all responses by cuckoos were evenly split between the first and second broadcasts at sites with >10 detections, while 45 percent of responses occurred after a single broadcast at the sites with <10 detections. \r\n\r\nWe refined our collection of vegetation data in 2007 and found that across the entire study area the dominant tree species were tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), willow (Salix spp.), and cottonwood (Populus spp.). The smallest size class (<8 cm diameter at breast height) trees were the most common and were dominated by tamarisk, but cottonwood and willows were well represented in the larger size classes. Sites that were occupied by yellow-billed cuckoos generally had higher canopies, denser cover in the upper layers of the canopy, and sparse shrub layers compared to unoccupied sites that consistently had higher densities of woody species. As most occupied sites were within the Bill Williams River NWR and most unoccupied sites were at Grand Canyon National Park/Lake Mead National Recreation Area, vegetation characteristics at these study areas drove the cuckoo distribution patterns we observed in 2007. However, there was a range of habitat conditions in locations that were used by yellow-billed cuckoos across the entire lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program study area. \r\n\r\nWe measured microclimate variables (temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture) at occupied and unoccupied sites, and found that, across the entire study area, occupied sites were consistently cooler during the day and more humid during the day and night compared to unoccupied sites, but that soil moisture did not differ between occupied and unoccupied sites. While most cuckoo detections occurred at Bill Williams River NWR, with generally cooler and more humid conditions, cuckoos were also detected at study areas that had hotter and dryer microclimate conditions. We did not find any relationship of canopy cover characteristics to temperature or soil moisture, suggesting ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081177","collaboration":"Funded by Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., Durst, S., Calvo, C.M., Stewart, L., Sogge, M.K., Bland, G., and Arundel, T.R., 2008, Yellow-billed Cuckoo Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Use Along the Lower Colorado River and Its Tributaries, 2007 Annual Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1177, vi, 274 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081177.","productDescription":"vi, 274 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-11","temporalEnd":"2007-09-09","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,32 ], [ -114.5,38 ], [ -113.5,38 ], [ -113.5,32 ], [ -114.5,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df8f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27989,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":295820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durst, Scott L.","contributorId":94746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvo, Christopher M.","contributorId":36643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Laura","contributorId":49887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bland, Geoffrey","contributorId":9735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arundel, Terry R. tarundel@usgs.gov","contributorId":5034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terry","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":82128,"text":"sim3007 - 2008 - Views of the Sea Floor in Northern Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"sim3007","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3007","title":"Views of the Sea Floor in Northern Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"A sonar survey that produced unprecedented high-resolution images of the sea floor in northern Monterey Bay was conducted in 2005 and 2006. The survey, performed over 14 days by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), consisted of 172 tracklines and over 300 million soundings and covered an area of 12.2 km2 (4.7 mi2). The goals of this survey were to collect high-resolution bathymetry (depth to the sea floor) and acoustic backscatter data (amount of sound energy bounced back from the sea floor, which provides information on sea-floor hardness and texture) from the inner continental shelf. These data will provide a baseline for future change analyses, geologic mapping, sediment- and contaminant-transport studies, benthic-habitat delineation, and numerical modeling efforts. The survey shows that the inner shelf in this area is extremely varied in nature, encompassing flat sandy areas, faults, boulder fields, and complex bedrock ridges that support rich marine ecosystems. Furthermore, many of these complex bedrock ridges form the ?reefs? that result in a number of California?s classic surf breaks. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim3007","isbn":"9781411320925","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Golden, N., and Finlayson, D.P., 2008, Views of the Sea Floor in Northern Monterey Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3007, Map Sheet: 48 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3007.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 48 x 36 inches","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110775,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83733.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83733"},{"id":195461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,36.75 ], [ -122.25,37 ], [ -121.75,37 ], [ -121.75,36.75 ], [ -122.25,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68582b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E.","contributorId":58356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":82125,"text":"ds344 - 2008 - Archive of Sediment Data Collected from Sandy Point to Belle Pass, Louisiana, 1983 through 2000 (Vibracore Surveys: 00SCC, CR83, P86, and USACE Borehole Cores)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"ds344","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"344","title":"Archive of Sediment Data Collected from Sandy Point to Belle Pass, Louisiana, 1983 through 2000 (Vibracore Surveys: 00SCC, CR83, P86, and USACE Borehole Cores)","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM publication was prepared by an agency of the U.S. Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds344","usgsCitation":"Dreher, C.A., Flocks, J.G., Ferina, N.F., and Kulp, M., 2008, Archive of Sediment Data Collected from Sandy Point to Belle Pass, Louisiana, 1983 through 2000 (Vibracore Surveys: 00SCC, CR83, P86, and USACE Borehole Cores): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 344, Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds344.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":276,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center - Coastal and Watershed Studies","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/344/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.33333333333333,29 ], [ -90.33333333333333,29.5 ], [ -89.33333333333333,29.5 ], [ -89.33333333333333,29 ], [ -90.33333333333333,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreher, Chandra A.","contributorId":71282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"Chandra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferina, Nick F.","contributorId":70501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulp, Mark A.","contributorId":16113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":82134,"text":"sim3014 - 2008 - Potentiometric Surface in the Sparta-Memphis Aquifer of the Mississippi Embayment, Spring 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sim3014","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3014","title":"Potentiometric Surface in the Sparta-Memphis Aquifer of the Mississippi Embayment, Spring 2007","docAbstract":"The most widely used aquifer for industry and public supply in the Mississippi embayment in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee is the Sparta-Memphis aquifer. Decades of pumping from the Sparta-Memphis aquifer have affected ground-water levels throughout the Mississippi embayment. Regional assessments of water-level data from the aquifer are important to document regional water-level conditions and to develop a broad view of the effects of ground-water development and management on the sustainability and availability of the region's water supply. This information is useful to identify areas of water-level declines, identify cumulative areal declines that may cross State boundaries, evaluate the effectiveness of ground-water management strategies practiced in different States, and identify areas with substantial data gaps that may preclude effective management of ground-water resources.\r\n\r\nA ground-water flow model of the northern Mississippi embayment is being developed by the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) to aid in answering questions about ground-water availability and sustainability. The MERAS study area covers parts of eight states including Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee and covers approximately 70,000 square miles. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality Office of Land and Water Resources measured water levels in wells completed in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in the spring of 2007 to assist in the MERAS model calibration and to document regional water-level conditions. Measurements by the USGS and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality Office of Land and Water Resources were done in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission; the Arkansas Geological Survey; Memphis Light, Gas and Water; Shelby County, Tennessee; and the city of Germantown, Tennessee. \r\n\r\nIn 2005, total water use from the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in the Mississippi embayment was about 540 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Water use from the Sparta-Memphis aquifer was about 170 Mgal/d in Arkansas, about 68 Mgal/d in Louisiana, about 97 Mgal/d in Mississippi, and about 205 Mgal/d in Tennessee. \r\n\r\nThe author acknowledges, with great appreciation, the efforts of the personnel in the U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Centers of Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee, and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality Office of Land and Water Resources that participated in the planning, water-level measurement, data evaluation, and review of the potentiometric-surface map. Without the contribution of data and the technical assistance of their staffs, this report would not have been completed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim3014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Resources Program, Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, Arkansas Geological Survey, Memphis Light, Gas and Water, Shelby County, Tennessee, and the City of Germantown, Tennessee","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., 2008, Potentiometric Surface in the Sparta-Memphis Aquifer of the Mississippi Embayment, Spring 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3014, Map Sheet: 35 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3014.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 35 x 36 inches","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110773,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83719.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83719"},{"id":195223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.25,30.5 ], [ -94.25,37 ], [ -87.5,37 ], [ -87.5,30.5 ], [ -94.25,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T. P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":82126,"text":"sir20085062 - 2008 - Drier forest composition associated with hydrologic change in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79681,"text":"ofr20071019 - 2007 - Drying of floodplain forests associated with water-level decline in the Apalachicola River, Florida: Interim results, 2006","indexId":"ofr20071019","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Drying of floodplain forests associated with water-level decline in the Apalachicola River, Florida: Interim results, 2006"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":82126,"text":"sir20085062 - 2008 - Drier forest composition associated with hydrologic change in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida","indexId":"sir20085062","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Drier forest composition associated with hydrologic change in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:46:38.563071","indexId":"sir20085062","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5062","title":"Drier forest composition associated with hydrologic change in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida","docAbstract":"Forests of the Apalachicola River floodplain had shorter flood durations, were drier in composition, and had 17 percent fewer trees in 2004 than in 1976. The change to drier forest composition is expected to continue for at least 80 more years. Floodplain drying was caused by large declines in river levels resulting from erosion of the river channel after 1954 and from decreased flows in spring and summer months since the 1970s. Water-level declines have been greatest at low and medium flows, which are the most common flows (occurring about 80 percent of the time). Water levels have remained relatively unchanged during large floods which continue to occur about three times per decade.
A study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey compared temporal changes in hydrologic conditions, forest composition, forest characteristics, and individual species of trees, as well as estimated the potential for change in composition of floodplain forests in the nontidal reach of the Apalachicola River. The study was conducted with the cooperation of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Northwest Florida Water Management District. Forest composition and field observations from studies conducted in 1976-1984 (termed “1976 data”) were used as baseline data for comparison with data from plots sampled in 2004-2006 (“2004 data”).
Flood durations were shorter in all periods subsequent to 1923-1976. The periods of record used to calculate flood durations for forest data were subsets of the complete record available (1923-2004). At sampled plots in all forest types and reaches combined, flood durations changed an average of more than 70 percent toward the baseline flood duration of the next drier forest type. For all forest types, changes in flood durations toward the next drier type were greatest in the upper reach (95.9 percent) and least in the lower reach (42.0 percent).
All forests are expected to be 38.2 percent drier in species composition by 2085, the year when the median age of surviving 2004 subcanopy trees will reach the median age (99 years) of the 2004 large canopy trees. The change will be greatest for forests in the upper reach (45.0 percent). Forest composition changes from pre-1954 to 2085 were calculated using Floodplain Indices from 1976 and 2004 tree-size classes and replicate plots.
Species composition in high bottomland hardwood forests is expected to continue to change, and some low bottomland hardwood forests are expected to become high bottomland hardwood forests. Organisms associated with floodplain forests will be affected by the changes in tree species, which will alter the timing of leaf-out, fruiting, and leaf-drop, the types of fruit and debris produced, and soil chemistry. Swamps will contain more bottomland hardwood species, but will also have an overall loss of tree density.
The density of trees in swamps significantly decreased by 37 percent from 1976 to 2004. Of the estimated 4.3 million (17 percent) fewer trees that existed in the nontidal floodplain in 2004 than in 1976, 3.3 million trees belonged to four swamp species: popash, Ogeechee tupelo, water tupelo, and bald cypress. Water tupelo, the most important tree in the nontidal floodplain in terms of basal area and density, has declined in number of trees by nearly 20 percent since 1976. Ogeechee tupelo, the species valuable to the tupelo honey industry, has declined in number of trees by at least 44 percent.
Greater hydrologic variability in recent years may be the reason swamps have had a large decrease in tree density. Drier conditions are detrimental for the growth of swamp species, and periodic large floods kill invading bottomland hardwood trees. The loss of canopy density in swamps may result in the swamp floor being exposed to more light with an increase in the amount of ground cover present, which in turn, would reduce tree replacement. The microclimate of the swamp floor would become warmer due to the decrease in shade and inundation. Soils would become dehydrated more quickly in dry periods and debris would decompose more quickly. A loss of tree density in swamps would lead to a decrease in tree and leaf litter biomass, which would have additional effects on swamp organisms. The loss of litter would result in a loss of substrate for benthic organisms in the floodplain and, ultimately, in the downstream waters of the river and estuary.
The three-dimensional numerical model UnTRIM was used to model hydrodynamics and heat transport in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, between mid-June and mid-September in 2005 and between mid-May and mid-October in 2006. Data from as many as six meteorological stations were used to generate a spatially interpolated wind field to use as a forcing function. Solar radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity data all were available at one or more sites. In general, because the available data for all inflows and outflows did not adequately close the water budget as calculated from lake elevation and stage-capacity information, a residual inflow or outflow was used to assure closure of the water budget.
Data used for calibration in 2005 included lake elevation at 3 water-level gages around the lake, water currents at 5 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) sites, and temperature at 16 water-quality monitoring locations. The calibrated model accurately simulated the fluctuations of the surface of the lake caused by daily wind patterns. The use of a spatially variable surface wind interpolated from two sites on the lake and four sites on the shoreline generally resulted in more accurate simulation of the currents than the use of a spatially invariant surface wind as observed at only one site on the lake. The simulation of currents was most accurate at the deepest site (ADCP1, where the velocities were highest) using a spatially variable surface wind; the mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) for the depth-averaged speed over a 37-day simulation from July 26 to August 31, 2005, were 0.50 centimeter per second (cm/s) and 3.08 cm/s, respectively. Simulated currents at the remaining sites were less accurate and, in general, underestimated the measured currents. The maximum errors in simulated currents were at a site near the southern end of the trench at the mouth of Howard Bay (ADCP7), where the ME and RMSE in the depth-averaged speed were 3.02 and 4.38 cm/s, respectively. The range in ME of the temperature simulations over the same period was –0.94 to 0.73 degrees Celsius (°C), and the RMSE ranged from 0.43 to 1.12°C. The model adequately simulated periods of stratification in the deep trench when complete mixing did not occur for several days at a time.
The model was validated using boundary conditions and forcing functions from 2006 without changing any calibration parameters. A spatially variable wind was used. Data for the model validation periods in 2006 included lake elevation at 4 gages around the lake, currents collected at 2 ADCP sites, and temperature collected at 21 water-quality monitoring locations. Errors generally were larger than in 2005. ME and RMSE in the simulated velocity at ADCP1 were 2.30 cm/s and 3.88 cm/s, respectively, for the same 37-day simulation over which errors were computed for 2005. The ME in temperature over the same period ranged from –0.56 to 1.5°C and the RMSE ranged from 0.41 to 1.86°C.
Numerical experiments with conservative tracers were used to demonstrate the prevailing clockwise circulation patterns in the lake, and to show the influence of water from the deep trench located along the western shoreline of the lake on fish habitat in the northern part of the lake. Because water exiting the trench is split into two pathways, the numerical experiments indicate that bottom water from the trench has a stronger influence on water quality in the northern part of the lake, and surface water from the trench has a stronger influence on the southern part of the lake. This may be part of the explanation for why episodes of low dissolved oxygen tend to be more severe in the northern than in the southern part of the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.M., Cheng, R.T., Gartner, J.W., Hoilman, G.R., Lindenberg, M.K., and Wellman, R.E., 2008, Modeling hydrodynamics and heat transport in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and implications for water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5076, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085076.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11398,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411058,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83730.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.08333333333333,42.11666666666667 ], [ -122.08333333333333,42.61666666666667 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.61666666666667 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.11666666666667 ], [ -122.08333333333333,42.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61126d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoilman, Gene R.","contributorId":78413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoilman","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindenberg, Mary K.","contributorId":40290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindenberg","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wellman, Roy E. 0000-0003-4460-8918 rwellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-8918","contributorId":1706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Roy","email":"rwellman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":82119,"text":"ofr20081176 - 2008 - Reconnaissance study of water quality in the mining-affected Aries River Basin, Romania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:16:57","indexId":"ofr20081176","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1176","title":"Reconnaissance study of water quality in the mining-affected Aries River Basin, Romania","docAbstract":"The Aries River basin of western Romania has been subject to mining activities as far back as Roman times. Present mining activities are associated with the extraction and processing of various metals including Au, Cu, Pb, and Zn. To understand the effects of these mining activities on the environment, this study focused on three objectives: (1) establish a baseline set of physical parameters, and water- and sediment-associated concentrations of metals in river-valley floors and floodplains; (2) establish a baseline set of physical and chemical measurements of pore water and sediment in tailings; and (3) provide training in sediment and water sampling to personnel in the National Agency for Mineral Resources and the Rosia Poieni Mine. This report summarizes basin findings of physical parameters and chemistry (sediment and water), and ancillary data collected during the low-flow synoptic sampling of May 2006.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the World Bank, Romanian National Agency for Mineral Resources, and Futures Group","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., Tindall, J.A., Sardan, D., Fey, D.L., and Poputa, G., 2008, Reconnaissance study of water quality in the mining-affected Aries River Basin, Romania (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1176, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081176.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11393,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Romania","otherGeospatial":"Aries River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 23.8348388671875,\n 46.74362499884437\n ],\n [\n 23.79364013671875,\n 46.78313532151751\n ],\n [\n 23.697509765625,\n 46.78313532151751\n ],\n [\n 23.5491943359375,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n 23.4393310546875,\n 46.74550709985597\n ],\n [\n 23.258056640625,\n 46.69089949154197\n ],\n [\n 23.104248046875,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n 22.920227050781246,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n 22.76092529296875,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n 22.5933837890625,\n 46.717268685073954\n ],\n [\n 22.53021240234375,\n 46.69089949154197\n ],\n [\n 22.48626708984375,\n 46.638122462379656\n ],\n [\n 22.48626708984375,\n 46.59661864884465\n ],\n [\n 22.510986328124996,\n 46.534303278597505\n ],\n [\n 22.54669189453125,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n 22.598876953125,\n 46.413245172571244\n ],\n [\n 22.6483154296875,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n 22.71148681640625,\n 46.32796494040746\n ],\n [\n 22.81585693359375,\n 46.28432584258847\n ],\n [\n 22.92572021484375,\n 46.23495279600417\n ],\n [\n 23.0108642578125,\n 46.172222978455395\n ],\n [\n 23.12347412109375,\n 46.10180436619509\n ],\n [\n 23.17840576171875,\n 46.07894655768008\n ],\n [\n 23.32672119140625,\n 46.10180436619509\n ],\n [\n 23.436584472656246,\n 46.16651671595163\n ],\n [\n 23.51348876953125,\n 46.23685258143992\n ],\n [\n 23.70849609375,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n 23.82110595703125,\n 46.53997127029103\n ],\n [\n 23.812866210937496,\n 46.617374532060744\n ],\n [\n 23.8348388671875,\n 46.74362499884437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sardan, Daniel","contributorId":59125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sardan","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poputa, G.L.","contributorId":78021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poputa","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":82121,"text":"ofr20081108 - 2008 - Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in the Deep River and Dan River Triassic Basins, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T10:54:56","indexId":"ofr20081108","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1108","title":"Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in the Deep River and Dan River Triassic Basins, North Carolina","docAbstract":"This report presents an interpretation of the hydrocarbon source rock potential of the Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Deep River and Dan River basins, North Carolina, based on previously unpublished organic geochemistry data. The organic geochemical data, 87 samples from 28 drill holes, are from the Sanford sub-basin (Cumnock Formation) of the Deep River basin, and from the Dan River basin (Cow Branch Formation). The available organic geochemical data are biased, however, because many of the samples collected for analyses by industry were from drill holes that contained intrusive diabase dikes, sills, and sheets of early Mesozoic age. These intrusive rocks heated and metamorphosed the surrounding sediments and organic matter in the black shale and coal bed source rocks and, thus, masked the source rock potential that they would have had in an unaltered state. In places, heat from the intrusives generated over-mature vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) profiles and metamorphosed the coals to semi-anthracite, anthracite, and coke. The maximum burial depth of these coal beds is unknown, and depth of burial may also have contributed to elevated thermal maturation profiles. \r\n\r\nThe organic geochemistry data show that potential source rocks exist in the Sanford sub-basin and Dan River basin and that the sediments are gas prone rather than oil prone, although both types of hydrocarbons were generated. Total organic carbon (TOC) data for 56 of the samples are greater than the conservative 1.4% TOC threshold necessary for hydrocarbon expulsion. Both the Cow Branch Formation (Dan River basin) and the Cumnock Formation (Deep River basin, Sanford sub-basin) contain potential source rocks for oil, but they are more likely to have yielded natural gas. The organic material in these formations was derived primarily from terrestrial Type III woody (coaly) material and secondarily from lacustrine Type I (algal) material. Both the thermal alteration index (TAI) and vitrinite reflectance data (%Ro) indicate levels of thermal maturity suitable for generation of hydrocarbons.\r\n\r\nThe genetic potential of the source rocks in these Triassic basins is moderate to high and many source rock sections have at least some potential for hydrocarbon generation. Some data for the Cumnock Formation indicate a considerably higher source rock potential than the basin average, with S1 + S2 data in the mid-20 mg HC/g sample range, and some hydrocarbons have been generated. This implies that the genetic potential for all of these strata may have been higher prior to the igneous activity. However, the intergranular porosity and permeability of the Triassic strata are low, which makes fractured reservoirs more attractive as drilling targets.\r\n\r\nIn some places, gravity and magnetic surveys that are used to locate buried intrusive rock may identify local thermal sources that have facilitated gas generation. Alternatively, awareness of the distribution of large intrusive igneous bodies at depth may direct exploration into other areas, where thermal maturation is less than the limits of hydrocarbon destruction. Areas prospective for natural gas also contain large surficial clay resources and any gas discovered could be used as fuel for local industries that produce clay products (principally brick), as well as fuel for other local industries.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reid, J.C., and Milici, R.C., 2008, Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in the Deep River and Dan River Triassic Basins, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1108, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081108.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//of/2008/1108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Dan River Basin, Deep River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -78.848876953125,\n 36.518465989675875\n ],\n [\n -77.05810546875,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 34.8047829195724\n ],\n [\n -80.782470703125,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -80.716552734375,\n 34.92197103616377\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":66799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81823,"text":"fs20083033 - 2008 - Watershed influences and in-lake processes - A regional-scale approach to monitoring a water-supply reservoir, Lake Houston near Houston, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T19:04:31.491389","indexId":"fs20083033","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3033","title":"Watershed influences and in-lake processes - A regional-scale approach to monitoring a water-supply reservoir, Lake Houston near Houston, Texas","docAbstract":"Created in 1954 by an impoundment on the San Jacinto River, Lake Houston currently (2008) supplies about 20 percent of the total source water for the city of Houston. Houston historically has relied on ground water as the major source of supply. As a result of regulations to limit ground-water withdrawals because of associated land subsidence (effective in 2010), the lake will become the primary source of water supply for the city in the future. Since 1983 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Houston, has collected water-quality and lake-level data at Lake Houston, as well as discharge and intermittent water-quality data at its major inflowing tributaries. Previous studies indicate that Lake Houston is shallow, eutrophic, light limited and has a variable hydrologic regime with water residence times ranging from 12 hours to 400 days. Spring Creek, a tributary that drains the western, more urban, part of the Lake Houston watershed, contributes more sediment and nutrients than East Fork San Jacinto River, a tributary that drains the more rural, eastern part of the watershed. This fact sheet explains the importance of monitoring for management of the resource and describes ongoing research in the Lake Houston watershed by the USGS and the City.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Oden, T., and Graham, J.L., 2008, Watershed influences and in-lake processes - A regional-scale approach to monitoring a water-supply reservoir, Lake Houston near Houston, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3033, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083033.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3033.jpg"},{"id":11386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405617,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83694.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327670,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3033/pdf/fs2008-3033.pdf","size":"1.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Lake Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.9417,\n 29.9\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 29.9\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 30.7167\n ],\n [\n -95.9417,\n 30.7167\n ],\n [\n -95.9417,\n 29.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687cf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81822,"text":"ofr20081172 - 2008 - Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA), 1999 through 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081172","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1172","title":"Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA), 1999 through 2006","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colorado, has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of non-irrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colorado. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring ground water at part of this site (Yager and Arnold, 2003). In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock ground water, and stream bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water effects. This report will present only analytical results for the biosolids samples collected at the Metro District wastewater treatment plant in Denver and analyzed during 1999 through 2006. More information about the other monitoring components is presented elsewhere in the literature (e.g., Yager and others, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2004d). Priority parameters for biosolids identified by the stakeholders and also regulated by Colorado when used as an agricultural soil amendment include the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity. Nitrogen and chromium also were priority parameters for ground water and sediment components.\r\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of priority parameters (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, or (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied.\r\nAnalytical results indicate that the elemental composition of the biosolids from the Denver plant was consistent during 1999-2006, and total concentrations of regulated trace elements were consistently lower than the regulatory limits. Plutonium isotopes were not detected in any of the biosolids samples for the entire sampling period. Analytical results for gross and were highly imprecise and erratic. As a result of the cancelation of regulation requiring their monitoring in biosolids, the determination of both was discontinued mid-study.\r\nData from this study were used to compile an inorganic-chemical biosolids signature that can be contrasted with the geochemical signature for this site. The biosolids signature and an understanding of the geology and hydrology of the site can be used to separate biosolids effects from natural geochemical effects. Elements of particular interest for a biosolids signature include bismuth, copper, silver, mercury, and phosphorus.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081172","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., Yager, T.J., Brown, Z.A., and Adams, M.G., 2008, Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA), 1999 through 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1172, iv, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081172.","productDescription":"iv, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11385,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.43333333333333 ], [ -104,39.75 ], [ -103.7,39.75 ], [ -103.7,39.43333333333333 ], [ -104,39.43333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, T. J. B.","contributorId":77256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, M. G.","contributorId":84812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":82117,"text":"sir20075090 - 2008 - Trends In Nutrient and Sediment Concentrations and Loads In Major River Basins of the South-Central United States, 1993-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:25","indexId":"sir20075090","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5090","title":"Trends In Nutrient and Sediment Concentrations and Loads In Major River Basins of the South-Central United States, 1993-2004","docAbstract":"Nutrient and sediment data collected at 115 sites by Federal and State agencies from 1993 to 2004 were analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine trends in concentrations and loads for selected rivers and streams that drain into the northwestern Gulf of Mexico from the south-central United States, specifically from the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf Basins. Trends observed in the study area were compared to determine potential regional patterns and to determine cause-effect relations with trends in hydrologic and human-induced factors such as nutrient sources, streamflow, and implementation of best management practices. Secondary objectives included calculation of loads and yields for the study period as a basis for comparing the delivery of nutrients and sediment to the northwestern Gulf of Mexico from the various rivers within the study area. In addition, loads were assessed at seven selected sites for the period 1980-2004 to give hydrologic perspective to trends in loads observed during 1993-2004.\r\n\r\nMost study sites (about 64 percent) either had no trends or decreasing trends in streamflow during the study period. The regional pattern of decreasing trends in streamflow during the study period appeared to correspond to moist conditions at the beginning of the study period and the influence of three drought periods during the study period, of which the most extreme was in 2000. Trend tests were completed for ammonia at 49 sites, for nitrite plus nitrate at 69 sites, and for total nitrogen at 41 sites. For all nitrogen constituents analyzed, no trends were observed at half or more of the sites. No regional trend patterns could be confirmed because there was poor spatial representation of the trend sites. Decreasing trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of ammonia were observed at 25 sites. No increasing trends in concentrations of ammonia were noted at any sites. Flow-adjusted concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate decreased at 7 sites and increased at14 sites. Flow-adjusted concentrations of total nitrogen decreased at 2 sites and increased at 12 sites. Improvements to municipal wastewater treatment facilities contributed to the decline of ammonia concentrations at selected sites. Notable increasing trends in nitrite plus nitrate and total nitrogen at selected study sites were attributed to both point and nonpointsources. Trend patterns in total nitrogen generally followed trend patterns in nitrite plus nitrate, which was understandable given that nitrite plus nitrate loads generally were 70-90 percent of the total nitrogen loads at most sites. Population data were used as a surrogate to understand the relation between changes in point sources and nutrient trends because data from wastewater treatment plants were inconsistent for this study area. Although population increased throughout the study area during the study period, there was no observed relation between increasing trends in nitrogen in study area streams and increasing trends in population. With respect to other nitrogen sources, statistical results did suggest that increasing trends in nitrogen could be related to increasing trends in nitrogen from either commercial fertilizer use and/or land application of manure.\r\n\r\nLoads of ammonia, nitrite plus nitrate, and total nitrogen decreased during the study period, but some trends in nitrogen loads were part of long-term decreases since 1980. For example, ammonia loads were shown to decrease at nearly all sites over the past decade, but at selected sites, these decreasing trends were part of much longer trends since 1980. The Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers contributed the highest nitrogen loads to the northwestern Gulf of Mexico as expected; however, nitrogen yields from smaller rivers had similar or higher yields than yields from the Mississippi River.\r\n\r\nTrend tests were completed for orthophosphorus at 34 sites and for total phosphorus at 52 sites. No trends were observed in abo","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075090","usgsCitation":"Rebich, R.A., and Demcheck, D.K., 2008, Trends In Nutrient and Sediment Concentrations and Loads In Major River Basins of the South-Central United States, 1993-2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5090, x, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075090.","productDescription":"x, 112 p.","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5090.jpg"},{"id":11390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62670b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81820,"text":"cir1320 - 2008 - Report of the Federal Advisory Committee on the Bird Banding Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"cir1320","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1320","title":"Report of the Federal Advisory Committee on the Bird Banding Laboratory","docAbstract":"In the fall of 2005, the Directors of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) determined that to ensure that the Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) of the USGS maintains and continues its important support of conservation and management of birds, it should be guided by a clear vision for the future. In order to carry out this task, they impaneled a fourteen-member Federal Advisory Committee (FAC) on the Bird Banding Laboratory. It was made up of representatives of the broad bird-banding community, public and private, and was cochaired by a senior representative from each agency. The Committee met four times and a writing subgroup met three times over the course of its work.\r\n\r\nThe Committee identified a new vision and mission for the BBL and identified six goals that it believes should be integral to the development of a strategic plan to achieve them. Those goals are:\r\n\r\n1. Facilitate the identification of individual birds through marking. \r\n2. Create automated, electronic systems that efficiently verify, accept, store, and manage data associated with individually marked birds. \r\n3. Facilitate access to and use of data from marked birds for science, conservation, and management. \r\n4. Administer permits in an efficient, timely, and modern manner, and use them to ensure that bird welfare and data quality remain top priorities. \r\n5. Work closely with national and international partners to achieve the mission of the BBL. \r\n6. Manage the BBL in an efficient, cost-effective manner to maximize use of available resources.\r\n\r\nMost of the report is structured around these goals.\r\n\r\nThe Committee made 2 programmatic recommendations and identified 23 objectives and 58 specific recommendations. The programmatic recommendations are: (1) that the primary role of the BBL is and should continue to be to support the use of banding and banding data by researchers and managers engaged in science, conservation, and management of birds, and not to play a lead role in original research; and (2) that the BBL be managed nationally by USGS headquarters as a research and operational support unit and provided with the resources appropriate to its national and international\r\nfunctions and responsibilities; it should continue to be located physically at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC).\r\n\r\nIn order to achieve its vision and mission, the Committee believes that the BBL must work towards achieving all of the recommendations in this report. Nevertheless, it identified five objectives\r\nthat stand out as high priority, and they are as follows:\r\n\r\n*Objective 1.1?to ensure a continuing, adequate supply of high-quality, Federally issued numeric bands of required sizes, materials, and types; \r\n*Objective 2.1?to improve mechanisms for verifying, accepting, storing, and managing bird-banding data; \r\n*Objective 2.3?to accommodate recapture data; \r\n*Objective 4.1?to ensure through the permitting process that banders know how to safely handle birds, collect data accurately, and maintain birds in humane and healthful conditions; and \r\n*Objective 5.3?to encourage the development of banding programs in Latin America and the Caribbean.\r\n\r\nFinally, this Committee believes that the BBL will be well served if it continues to support a Federal Advisory Committee, composed similarly to this one, to continue offering guidance and direction from the broad bird-banding community.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1320","isbn":"9781411320321","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, National Flyway Council, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, The Institute for Bird Populations, Colorado State University, Canadian Wildlife Service, National Audubon Society, Ducks Unlimited, The Wildlife Society, The Ornithological Council, North American Banding Council, The Conservation Fund, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Pheasants Forever","usgsCitation":"Haseltine, S.D., Schmidt, P.R., Bales, B.D., Bonter, D.N., DeSante, D.F., Doherty, P., Francis, C., Green, P.T., Howes, L., James, D.L., Lament, J.J., Lancia, R.A., Paul, E.I., Ralph, C.J., Rogers, J.G., and Young, R.E., 2008, Report of the Federal Advisory Committee on the Bird Banding Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1320, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1320.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11381,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1320/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haseltine, Susan D.","contributorId":76837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haseltine","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Paul R.","contributorId":73298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bales, Bradley D.","contributorId":61119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonter, David N.","contributorId":87645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeSante, David F.","contributorId":49065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSante","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doherty, Paul F.","contributorId":107000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Francis, Charles M.","contributorId":14529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"Charles M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Green, Paul T.","contributorId":98406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Howes, Lesley-Anne","contributorId":68846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howes","given":"Lesley-Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"James, Daniel L.","contributorId":93987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lament, J. 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