High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery and digital elevation models of the Candor Chasma region of Valles Marineris, Mars, reveal prominent and distinctive positive-relief knobs amidst light-toned layers. Three classifications of knobs, Types 1, 2, and 3, are distinguished from a combination of HiRISE and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) images based on physical expressions (geometries, spatial relationships), and spectral data from Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). Type 1 knobs are abundant, concentrated, topographically resistant features with their highest frequency in West Candor, which have consistent stratigraphic correlations of the peak altitude (height). These Type 1 knobs could be erosional remnants of a simple dissected terrain, possibly derived from a more continuous, resistant, capping layer of pre-existing material diagenetically altered through recrystallization or cementation. Types 2 and 3 knobs are not linked to a single stratigraphic layer and are generally solitary to isolated, with variable heights. Type 3 are the largest knobs at nearly an order of magnitude larger than Type 1 knobs. The variable sizes and occasional pits on the tops of Type 2 and 3 knobs suggest a different origin, possibly related to more developed erosion, preferential cementation, or textural differences from sediment/water injection or intrusion, or from a buried impact crater. Enhanced color HiRISE images show a brown coloration of the knob peak crests that is attributable to processing and photometric effects; CRISM data do not show any detectable spectral differences between the knobs and the host rock layers, other than albedo. These intriguing knobs hold important clues to deducing relative rock properties, timing of events, and weathering conditions of Mars history.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.006","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Chan, M.A., Ormö, J., Murchie, S., Okubo, C., Komatsu, G., Wray, J.J., McGuire, P.E., McGovern, J.A., and the HiRISE TEam, 2010, Geomorphic knobs of Candor Chasma, Mars: New Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data and comparisons to terrestrial analogs: Icarus, v. 205, no. 1, p. 138-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Candor Chasma, Mars","volume":"205","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2793e4b0c8380cd599e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, Marjorie A.","contributorId":66230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ormö, Jens","contributorId":166745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormö","given":"Jens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L.","contributorId":22615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Komatsu, Goro","contributorId":11061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"Goro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wray, James J.","contributorId":81736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wray","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7032,"text":"School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":444115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGuire, Patrick E.","contributorId":71008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGovern, James A.","contributorId":212718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGovern","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"the HiRISE TEam","contributorId":127993,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"the HiRISE TEam","id":756427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70190465,"text":"70190465 - 2010 - The age of the Steens reversal and the Columbia River Basalt Group","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T15:48:25","indexId":"70190465","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age of the Steens reversal and the Columbia River Basalt Group","docAbstract":"The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) eruptions have a well-defined relative magnetostratigraphy but have not been definitively correlated to the geomagnetic polarity time scale. 40Ar/39Ar ages are presented from lavas erupted in the R0 through N1magnetozones of the CRBG and in the transition between R0 and N0. Four ages from transitionally magnetized lava flows at Steens Mountain, Catlow Peak, and Poker Jim Ridge with a weighted mean age 16.58 ± 0.10 Ma1 and the more precise age 16.654 ± 0.025 Ma of the normally magnetized Oregon Canyon tuff at the top of the Catlow Peak section show that the oldest CRBG magnetozone (R0) correlates with the C5Cr chron. Bayesian statistical analysis applied to data from four flows at Catlow Peak (using the mean age of the Steens reversal) gives a best and preferred age of the Steens reversal of 16.73 + 0.13/−0.08 Ma (95% confidence). Depending on the geomagnetic polarity time scale model, the eruption rate from N0 through R2 (0.34–0.45 Ma in the middle and the bulk of the CRBG emplacement) averaged 0.30–0.41 km3/a and peaked at a rate 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 times higher during R2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.04.001","usgsCitation":"Jarboe, N.A., Coe, R.S., Renne, P., and Glen, J.M., 2010, The age of the Steens reversal and the Columbia River Basalt Group: Chemical Geology, v. 274, no. 3-4, p. 158-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.04.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-021994","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"274","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a92041e4b07e1a023ccdac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarboe, Nicholas A.","contributorId":196084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarboe","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renne, Paul R.","contributorId":47680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G. jglen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194875,"text":"70194875 - 2010 - Controls on biochemical oxygen demand in the upper Klamath River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T09:56:42","indexId":"70194875","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on biochemical oxygen demand in the upper Klamath River, Oregon","docAbstract":"A series of 30-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) experiments were conducted on water column samples from a reach of the upper Klamath River that experiences hypoxia and anoxia in summer. Samples were incubated with added nitrification inhibitor to measure carbonaceous BOD (CBOD), untreated to measure total BOD, which included demand from nitrogenous BOD (NBOD), and coarse-filtered to examine the effect of removing large particulate matter. All BOD data were fit well with a two-group model, so named because it considered contributions from both labile and refractory pools of carbon: BODt = a1(1 − e− a0t) + a2t. Site-average labile first-order decay rates a0 ranged from 0.15 to 0.22/day for CBOD and 0.11 to 0.29/day for BOD. Site-average values of refractory zero-order decay rates a2 ranged from 0.13 to 0.25 mg/L/day for CBOD and 0.01 to 0.45 mg/L/day for BOD; the zero-order CBOD decay rate increased from early- to mid-summer. Values of ultimate CBOD for the labile component a1 ranged from 5.5 to 28.8 mg/L for CBOD, and 7.6 to 30.8 mg/L for BOD. Two upstream sites had higher CBOD compared to those downstream. Maximum measured total BOD5 and BOD30 during the study were 26.5 and 55.4 mg/L; minimums were 4.2 and 13.6 mg/L. For most samples, the oxygen demand from the three components considered here were: labile CBOD > NBOD > refractory CBOD, though the relative importance of refractory CBOD to oxygen demand increased over time. Coarse-filtering reduced CBOD for samples with high particulate carbon and high biovolumes of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. There was a strong positive correlation between BOD, CBOD, and the labile component of CBOD to particulate C and N, with weaker positive correlation to field pH, field dissolved oxygen, and total N. The refractory component of CBOD was not correlated to particulate matter, instead showing weak but statistically significant correlation to dissolved organic carbon, UV absorbance at 254 nm, and total N. Particulate organic matter, especially the alga A.flos-aquae, is an important component of oxygen demand in this reach of the Klamath River, though refractory dissolved organic matter would continue to exert an oxygen demand over longer time periods and as water travels downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.08.007","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Snyder, D.M., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Controls on biochemical oxygen demand in the upper Klamath River, Oregon: Chemical Geology, v. 269, no. 1-2, p. 12-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.08.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-013602","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.99150085449219,\n 42.0518419954737\n ],\n [\n -121.73538208007811,\n 42.0518419954737\n ],\n [\n -121.73538208007811,\n 42.288992779814045\n ],\n [\n -121.99150085449219,\n 42.288992779814045\n ],\n [\n -121.99150085449219,\n 42.0518419954737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"269","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c99e4b06e28e9cabb24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":79821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett B.","email":"annett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, Dean M.","contributorId":201484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189196,"text":"70189196 - 2010 - Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T09:51:49","indexId":"70189196","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media","title":"Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media","docAbstract":"In order to gain more information about the fate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in tropical volcanic soils, the transport and attachment behaviors of oocysts and oocyst-sized polystyrene microspheres were studied in the presence of two soils. These soils were chosen because of their differing chemical and physical properties, i.e., an organic-rich (43–46% by mass) volcanic ash-derived soil from the island of Hawaii, and a red, iron (22–29% by mass), aluminum (29–45% by mass), and clay-rich (68–76% by mass) volcanic soil from the island of Oahu. A third agricultural soil, an organic- (13% by mass) and quartz-rich (40% by mass) soil from Illinois, was included for reference. In 10-cm long flow-through columns, oocysts and microspheres advecting through the red volcanic soil were almost completely (98% and 99%) immobilized. The modest breakthrough resulted from preferential flow-path structure inadvertently created by soil-particle aggregation during the re-wetting process. Although a high (99%) removal of oocysts and microsphere within the volcanic ash soil occurred initially, further examination revealed that transport was merely retarded because of highly reversible interactions with grain surfaces. Judging from the slope of the substantive and protracted tail of the breakthrough curve for the 1.8-μm microspheres, almost all (>99%) predictably would be recovered within ∼4000 pore volumes. This suggests that once contaminated, the volcanic ash soil could serve as a reservoir for subsequent contamination of groundwater, at least for pathogens of similar size or smaller. Because of the highly reversible nature of organic colloid immobilization in this soil type, C. parvum could contaminate surface water should overland flow during heavy precipitation events pick up near-surface grains to which they are attached. Surprisingly, oocyst and microsphere attachment to the reference soil from Illinois appeared to be at least as sensitive to changes in pH as was observed for the red, metal-oxide rich soil from Oahu. In contrast, colloidal attachment in the organic-rich, volcanic ash soil was relatively insensitive to changes in pH in spite of the high iron content. Given the fundamental differences in transport behavior of oocyst-sized colloids within the two volcanic soils of similar origin, agricultural practices modified to lessen C. parvum contamination of ground or surface water would necessitate taking the individual soil properties into account.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.015","usgsCitation":"Mohanram, A., Ray, C., Harvey, R.W., Metge, D.W., Ryan, J.N., Chorover, J., and Eberl, D.D., 2010, Comparison of transport and attachment behaviors of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and oocyst-sized microspheres being advected through three minerologically different granular porous media: Water Research, v. 44, no. 18, p. 5334-5344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5334","endPage":"5344","ipdsId":"IP-014207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfab9e4b0d1f9f056a7c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mohanram, Arvind","contributorId":194201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohanram","given":"Arvind","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, Chittaranjan","contributorId":194209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Chittaranjan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chorover, Jon 0000-0001-9497-0195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-0195","contributorId":139472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chorover","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189026,"text":"70189026 - 2010 - Are modern geothermal waters in northwest Nevada forming epithermal gold deposits?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:53:05","indexId":"70189026","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Are modern geothermal waters in northwest Nevada forming epithermal gold deposits?","docAbstract":"Hydrothermal systems currently are active near some gold deposits in northwestern Nevada. Possible links of these modern systems to gold mineralization were evaluated by chemically and isotopically analyzing water samples from the Brady, Dixie Valley, Humboldt House, San Emidio-Empire, Soda Lake, and Wabuska geothermal areas. In addition, quartz veins from Humboldt House and the adjacent Florida Canyon Mine were analyzed to compare ore and gangue phases with those predicted to form from proximal hydrothermal fluids.
Nearly all water samples are alkali-chloride-type. Total dissolved solids range from 800 to 3900 mg/L, and pH varies from 5.6 to 7.8. Geochemical modeling with SOLVEQ, WATCH, and CHILLER predict the precipitation of silica in all systems during cooling. Anhydrite, calcite, barite, pyrite, base-metal sulfides, and alumino-silicates are variably saturated at calculated reservoir temperatures and also precipitate during boiling/cooling of some fluids. Measured dissolved gold concentrations are low (<0.2μg/L), but are generally consistent with contents predicted by equilibrium of sampled solutions with elemental gold at reservoir temperatures. Although the modern geothermal waters can precipitate ore minerals, the low gold and other ore metal concentrations require very large fluid volumes to form a deposit of economic interest.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of Nevada Symposium, Great Basin Evolution and Metallogeny 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., Hunt, A.G., Wolf, R.E., Koenig, A.E., Fifarek, R., and Coolbaugh, M.F., 2010, Are modern geothermal waters in northwest Nevada forming epithermal gold deposits?, in Geological Society of Nevada Symposium, Great Basin Evolution and Metallogeny 2010, p. 833-844.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"833","endPage":"844","ipdsId":"IP-020129","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c9e4b0d1f9f05067fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koenig, Alan E. 0000-0002-5230-0924 akoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":1564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","email":"akoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fifarek, Richard","contributorId":193871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fifarek","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coolbaugh, Mark F.","contributorId":193870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coolbaugh","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034068,"text":"70034068 - 2010 - Eolian transport of geogenic hexavalent chromium to ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-12T00:16:20","indexId":"70034068","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eolian transport of geogenic hexavalent chromium to ground water","docAbstract":"A conceptual model of eolian transport is proposed to address the widely distributed, high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) observed in ground water in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Concentrations (30 to more than 1000 μg/L Cr+6) extend over thousands of square kilometers of ground water systems. It is hypothesized that the Cr is derived from weathering of chromium-rich pyroxenes and olivines present in ophiolite sequence of the adjacent Oman (Hajar) Mountains. Cr+3 in the minerals is oxidized to Cr+6 by reduction of manganese and is subsequently sorbed on iron and manganese oxide coatings of particles. When the surfaces of these particles are abraded in this arid environment, they release fine, micrometer-sized, coated particles that are easily transported over large distances by wind and subsequently deposited on the surface. During ground water recharge events, the readily soluble Cr+6 is mobilized by rain water and transported by advective flow into the underlying aquifer. Chromium analyses of ground water, rain, dust, and surface (soil) deposits are consistent with this model, as are electron probe analyses of clasts derived from the eroding Oman ophiolite sequence. Ground water recharge flux is proposed to exercise some control over Cr+6 concentration in the aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00592.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Clark, D., Imes, J., and Councell, T., 2010, Eolian transport of geogenic hexavalent chromium to ground water: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 1, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00592.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":326,"text":"Ground-Water Research Program for the Emirate of Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475942,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00592.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216867,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00592.x"},{"id":244765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a03e4b0c8380cd52162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, D.","contributorId":94133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Councell, T.B.","contributorId":44187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Councell","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188017,"text":"70188017 - 2010 - Phenological classification of the United States: A geographic framework for extending multi-sensor time-series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T13:42:56","indexId":"70188017","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenological classification of the United States: A geographic framework for extending multi-sensor time-series data","docAbstract":"This study introduces a new geographic framework, phenological classification, for the conterminous United States based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series data and a digital elevation model. The resulting pheno-class map is comprised of 40 pheno-classes, each having unique phenological and topographic characteristics. Cross-comparison of the pheno-classes with the 2001 National Land Cover Database indicates that the new map contains additional phenological and climate information. The pheno-class framework may be a suitable basis for the development of an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-MODIS NDVI translation algorithm and for various biogeographic studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs2020526","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Brown, J.F., Miura, T., van Leeuwen, W., and Reed, B.C., 2010, Phenological classification of the United States: A geographic framework for extending multi-sensor time-series data: Remote Sensing, v. 2, no. 2, p. 526-544, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2020526.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"544","ipdsId":"IP-017418","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2020526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59293e9ae4b016f7a940771e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miura, Tomoaki","contributorId":192312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miura","given":"Tomoaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Leeuwen, Willem","contributorId":148978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Leeuwen","given":"Willem","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189023,"text":"70189023 - 2010 - Transient electromagnetic mapping of clay units in the San Luis Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T15:04:08","indexId":"70189023","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Transient electromagnetic mapping of clay units in the San Luis Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"Transient electromagnetic soundings were used to obtain information needed to refine hydrologic models of the San Luis Valley, Colorado. The soundings were able to map an aquitard called the blue clay that separates an unconfined surface aquifer from a deeper confined aquifer. The blue clay forms a conductor with an average resistivity of 6.9 ohm‐m. Above the conductor are found a mixture of gray clay and sand. The gray clay has an average resistivity of 21 ohm‐m, while the sand has a resistivity of greater than 100 ohm‐m. The large difference in resistivity of these units makes mapping them with a surface geophysical method relatively easy. The blue clay was deposited at the bottom of Lake Alamosa which filled most of the San Luis Valley during the Pleistocene. The geometry of the blue clay is influenced by a graben on the eastern side of the valley. The depth to the blue clay is greater over the graben. Along the eastern edge of valley the blue clay appears to be truncated by faults.
Recent research has shown that small, mountainous river systems (SMRS) account for a significant fraction of the global flux of sediment and particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean. The enormous number of SMRS precludes intensive studies of the sort conducted on large systems, necessitating development of a conceptual framework that permits cross‐system comparison and scaling up. Herein, we introduce the geomorphic concept of effective discharge to the problem of source‐to‐sink POC transport. This idea recognizes that transport effectiveness is the product of discharge frequency and magnitude, wherein the latter is quantified as a power‐law relationship between discharge and load (the ‚rating curve’). An analytical solution for effective discharge (Qe) identifies two key variables: the standard deviation of the natural logarithm of discharge (Σq), and the rating exponent of constituent i (bi). Data from selected SMRS are used to show that for a given river Qe‐POC , Qe‐sediment, Qe for different POC constituents (e.g., POCfossil vs. POCmodern) differs in predictable ways, and Qe for a particular constituent can vary seasonally. When coupled with the idea that discharge peaks of small rivers may be coincident with specific oceanic conditions (e.g., large waves, wind from a certain direction) that determine dispersal and burial, these findings have potentially important implications for POC fate on continental margins. Future studies of POC transport in SMRS should exploit the conceptual framework provided herein and seek to identify how constituent‐specific effective discharges vary between rivers and respond to perturbations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0161","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Wheatcroft, R.A., Goni, M., Hatten, J., Pasternack, G., and Warrick, J., 2010, The role of effective discharge in the ocean delivery of particulate organic carbon by small, mountainous river systems: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 55, no. 1, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0161.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf69e4b08c986b32478e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goni, M.A.","contributorId":32347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goni","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatten, J.A.","contributorId":101493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pasternack, G.B.","contributorId":70566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasternack","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175487,"text":"70175487 - 2010 - Avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in native Hawaiian forest birds: epizootiology and demographic impacts on ‵apapane Himatione sanguinea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T10:27:25","indexId":"70175487","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in native Hawaiian forest birds: epizootiology and demographic impacts on ‵apapane Himatione sanguinea","docAbstract":"The role of introduced avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in the decline and extinction of native Hawaiian forest birds has become a classic example of the potential effect of invasive diseases on biological diversity of naïve populations. However, empirical evidence describing the impact of avian malaria on fitness of Hawai‵i's endemic forest birds is limited, making it difficult to determine the importance of disease among the suite of potential limiting factors affecting the distribution and abundance of this threatened avifauna. We combined epidemiological force-of-infection with multistate capture––recapture models to evaluate a 7-year longitudinal study of avian malaria in ‵apapane, a relatively common native honeycreeper within mid-elevation Hawaiian forests. We found that malaria transmission was seasonal in this mid-elevation forest; transmission peaked during fall and during some years produced epizootic mortality events. Estimated annual mortality of hatch-year birds typically exceeded 50% and mortality of adults exceeded 25% during epizootics. The substantial impact of avian malaria on this relatively common native species demonstrates the key role this disease has played in the decline and extinction of Hawaiian forest birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04915.x","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, C.T., and Samuel, M.D., 2010, Avian malaria Plasmodium relictum in native Hawaiian forest birds: epizootiology and demographic impacts on ‵apapane Himatione sanguinea: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 357-366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04915.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"366","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022604","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2e7b6e4b03bcb0102e87c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174891,"text":"70174891 - 2010 - Unbiased survival estimates and evidence for skipped breeding opportunities in females","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:06:08","indexId":"70174891","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unbiased survival estimates and evidence for skipped breeding opportunities in females","docAbstract":"1. Estimates of demographic parameters for females, in many organisms, are sparse. This is particularly worrisome as more and more species are faced with high extinction probabilities and conservation increasingly depends on actions dictated by complex predictive models that require accurate estimates of demographic parameters for each sex and species.
\n2. This study assesses demographic parameters, specifically temporary emigration and survival, for females, a class that has been difficult to investigate historically because of lack of data. Amphibians provide a particularly good example because there is global concern about amphibian decline; yet most demographic parameter estimates are based on data from males, which we show can lead to erroneous conclusions.
\n3. We use 10 years of capture–recapture data from boreal toads (Bufo boreas) and the multi-state open robust design model to provide evidence for the occurrence of skipped breeding opportunities (i.e. temporary emigration) in females. This is the first time that the open robust design model has been applied to an analysis of an amphibian population that we are aware of.
\n4. We determined that the transition from breeder to non-breeder is obligate and the probability of a non-breeder remaining a non-breeder is 64%; thus, temporary emigration is first-order Markovian in nature, where breeding probability is dependent on the previous year’s activity, i.e. if a female did not breed in year one, there is a 36% chance that she will breed in year two. With temporary emigration accounted for, we estimated between-year female survival at 87%.
\n5. Establishing the occurrence of temporary emigration not only reduces bias in estimates of survival probabilities but also provides information about expected breeding attempts by females, a critical element in understanding the ecology of an organism and the impacts of outside stressors and conservation actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00019.x","usgsCitation":"Muths, E.L., Scherer, R.D., and Lambert, B.A., 2010, Unbiased survival estimates and evidence for skipped breeding opportunities in females: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 1, no. 2, p. 123-130, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00019.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"130","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019313","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a191e4b030378fb47469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, Rick D.","contributorId":97368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Brad A.","contributorId":173020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lambert","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034001,"text":"70034001 - 2010 - Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T10:11:21","indexId":"70034001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"While many wildlife species are threatened, some populations have recovered from previous overexploitation, and data linking these population increases with disease dynamics are limited. We present data suggesting that free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) are a maintenance host for Brucella abortus in new areas of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Brucellosis seroprevalence in free-ranging elk increased from 0-7% in 1991-1992 to 8-20% in 2006-2007 in four of six herd units around the GYE. These levels of brucellosis are comparable to some herd units where elk are artificially aggregated on supplemental feeding grounds. There are several possible mechanisms for this increase that we evaluated using statistical and population modeling approaches. Simulations of an age-structured population model suggest that the observed levels of seroprevalence are unlikely to be sustained by dispersal from supplemental feeding areas with relatively high seroprevalence or an older age structure. Increases in brucellosis seroprevalence and the total elk population size in areas with feeding grounds have not been statistically detectable. Meanwhile, the rate of seroprevalence increase outside the feeding grounds was related to the population size and density of each herd unit. Therefore, the data suggest that enhanced elk-to-elk transmission in free-ranging populations may be occurring due to larger winter elk aggregations. Elk populations inside and outside of the GYE that traditionally did not maintain brucellosis may now be at risk due to recent population increases. In particular, some neighboring populations of Montana elk were 5-9 times larger in 2007 than in the 1970s, with some aggregations comparable to the Wyoming feeding-ground populations. Addressing the unintended consequences of these increasing populations is complicated by limited hunter access to private lands, which places many ungulate populations out of administrative control. Agency-landowner hunting access partnerships and the protection of large predators are two management strategies that may be used to target high ungulate densities in private refuges and reduce the current and future burden of disease.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-2062.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Cole, E., Dobson, A.P., Edwards, W., Hamlin, K., Luikart, G., Middleton, A., Scurlock, B., and White, P., 2010, Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 1, p. 278-288, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2062.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498901,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2062.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216863,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-2062.1"},{"id":244761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cc0e4b0c8380cd7e881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, E.K.","contributorId":9087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobson, A. P.","contributorId":9992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, W.H.","contributorId":43718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamlin, K.L.","contributorId":37174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luikart, G.","contributorId":25515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luikart","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Middleton, A.D.","contributorId":93730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scurlock, B.M.","contributorId":44742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scurlock","given":"B.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"White, P.J.","contributorId":91436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70037348,"text":"70037348 - 2010 - Cassini spectra and photometry 0.25–5.1 μm of the small inner satellites of Saturn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T13:21:43","indexId":"70037348","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cassini spectra and photometry 0.25–5.1 μm of the small inner satellites of Saturn","docAbstract":"The nominal tour of the Cassini mission enabled the first spectra and solar phase curves of the small inner satellites of Saturn. We present spectra from the Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) and the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) that span the 0.25-5.1 ??m spectral range. The composition of Atlas, Pandora, Janus, Epimetheus, Calypso, and Telesto is primarily water ice, with a small amount (???5%) of contaminant, which most likely consists of hydrocarbons. The optical properties of the \"shepherd\" satellites and the coorbitals are tied to the A-ring, while those of the Tethys Lagrangians are tied to the E-ring of Saturn. The color of the satellites becomes progressively bluer with distance from Saturn, presumably from the increased influence of the E-ring; Telesto is as blue as Enceladus. Janus and Epimetheus have very similar spectra, although the latter appears to have a thicker coating of ring material. For at least four of the satellites, we find evidence for the spectral line at 0.68 ??m that Vilas et al. [Vilas, F., Larsen, S.M., Stockstill, K.R., Gaffley, M.J., 1996. Icarus 124, 262-267] attributed to hydrated iron minerals on Iapetus and Hyperion. However, it is difficult to produce a spectral mixing model that includes this component. We find no evidence for CO2 on any of the small satellites. There was a sufficient excursion in solar phase angle to create solar phase curves for Janus and Telesto. They bear a close similarity to the solar phase curves of the medium-sized inner icy satellites. Preliminary spectral modeling suggests that the contaminant on these bodies is not the same as the exogenously placed low-albedo material on Iapetus, but is rather a native material. The lack of CO2 on the small inner satellites also suggests that their low-albedo material is distinct from that on Iapetus, Phoebe, and Hyperion. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.015","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B.J., Bauer, J., Hicks, M., Mosher, J.A., Filacchione, G., Momary, T., Baines, K.H., Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., and Nicholson, P.D., 2010, Cassini spectra and photometry 0.25–5.1 μm of the small inner satellites of Saturn: Icarus, v. 206, no. 2, p. 524-536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.015.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"536","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.015"}],"otherGeospatial":"Saturn","volume":"206","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38fe4b0c8380cd4b8a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, J.M.","contributorId":88543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hicks, M.D.","contributorId":7045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mosher, J. A.","contributorId":34605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Momary, T.","contributorId":17415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037525,"text":"70037525 - 2010 - Caldera collapse: Perspectives from comparing Galápagos volcanoes, nuclear-test sinks, sandbox models, and volcanoes on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-09T18:24:13","indexId":"70037525","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caldera collapse: Perspectives from comparing Galápagos volcanoes, nuclear-test sinks, sandbox models, and volcanoes on Mars","docAbstract":"The 1968 trapdoor collapse (1.5 km3) of Fernandina caldera in the Galapágos Islands developed the same kinds of structures as found in small sandbox-collapse models and in concentrically zoned sinks formed in desert alluvium by fault subsidence into underground nuclear-explosion cavities. Fernandina’s collapse developed through shear failure in which the roof above the evacuating chamber was lowered mostly intact. This coherent subsidence contrasts to chaotic piecemeal collapse at small, rocky pit craters, underscoring the role of rock strength relative to subsidence size. The zoning at Fernandina implies that the deflated magma chamber underlay a central basin and a bordering inward-dipping monocline, which separates a blind inner reverse fault from an outer zone of normal faulting. Similar concentric zoning patterns can be recognized in coherent subsidence structures ranging over 16 orders of magnitude in size, from sandbox experiments to the giant Olympus Mons caldera on Mars.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GSATG82A.1","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., 2010, Caldera collapse: Perspectives from comparing Galápagos volcanoes, nuclear-test sinks, sandbox models, and volcanoes on Mars: GSA Today, v. 20, no. 10, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG82A.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GSATG82A.1"}],"volume":"20","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f308e4b0c8380cd4b576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037468,"text":"70037468 - 2010 - Laboratory evaluation of a walleye (Sander vitreus) bioenergetics model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037468","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory evaluation of a walleye (Sander vitreus) bioenergetics model","docAbstract":"Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important game fish throughout much of North America. We evaluated the performance of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for walleye in the laboratory. Walleyes were fed rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks during a 126-day experiment. Based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of monthly consumption with the observed monthly consumption, we concluded that the bioenergetics model significantly underestimated food consumption by walleye in the laboratory. The degree of underestimation appeared to depend on the feeding rate. For the tank with the lowest feeding rate (1.4% of walleye body weight per day), the agreement between the bioenergetics model prediction of cumulative consumption over the entire 126-day experiment and the observed cumulative consumption was remarkably close, as the prediction was within 0.1% of the observed cumulative consumption. Feeding rates in the other three tanks ranged from 1.6% to 1.7% of walleye body weight per day, and bioenergetics model predictions of cumulative consumption over the 126-day experiment ranged between 11 and 15% less than the observed cumulative consumption. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10695-008-9278-2","issn":"09201742","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C., Wang, C., O’Brien, T.P., Holuszko, M., Ogilvie, L., and Stickel, R., 2010, Laboratory evaluation of a walleye (Sander vitreus) bioenergetics model: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 36, no. 1, p. 45-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9278-2.","startPage":"45","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9278-2"},{"id":244947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4109e4b0c8380cd65254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, C.","contributorId":50689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, T. P.","contributorId":22146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holuszko, M.J.","contributorId":35943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ogilvie, L.M.","contributorId":33682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogilvie","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stickel, R.G.","contributorId":61229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037705,"text":"70037705 - 2010 - Gene movement and genetic association with regional climate gradients in California valley oak (Quercus lobata Née) in the face of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:59:59","indexId":"70037705","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene movement and genetic association with regional climate gradients in California valley oak (Quercus lobata Née) in the face of climate change","docAbstract":"Rapid climate change jeopardizes tree populations by shifting current climate zones. To avoid extinction, tree populations must tolerate, adapt, or migrate. Here we investigate geographic patterns of genetic variation in valley oak, Quercus lobata Née, to assess how underlying genetic structure of populations might influence this species’ ability to survive climate change. First, to understand how genetic lineages shape spatial genetic patterns, we examine historical patterns of colonization. Second, we examine the correlation between multivariate nuclear genetic variation and climatic variation. Third, to illustrate how geographic genetic variation could interact with regional patterns of 21st Century climate change, we produce region‐specific bioclimatic distributions of valley oak using Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) models based on downscaled historical (1971–2000) and future (2070–2100) climate grids. Future climatologies are based on a moderate‐high (A2) carbon emission scenario and two different global climate models. Chloroplast markers indicate historical range‐wide connectivity via colonization, especially in the north. Multivariate nuclear genotypes show a strong association with climate variation that provides opportunity for local adaptation to the conditions within their climatic envelope. Comparison of regional current and projected patterns of climate suitability indicates that valley oaks grow in distinctly different climate conditions in different parts of their range. Our models predict widely different regional outcomes from local displacement of a few kilometres to hundreds of kilometres. We conclude that the relative importance of migration, adaptation, and tolerance are likely to vary widely for populations among regions, and that late 21st Century conditions could lead to regional extinctions.