During the recreational season of 2008 (May through August), a regression model relating turbidity to concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used to predict recreational water quality in the Cuyahoga River at the historical community of Jaite, within the present city of Brecksville, Ohio, a site centrally located within Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Samples were collected three days per week at Jaite and at three other sites on the river. Concentrations of E. coli were determined and compared to environmental and water-quality measures and to concentrations predicted with a regression model. Linear relations between E. coli concentrations and turbidity, gage height, and rainfall were statistically significant for Jaite. Relations between E. coli concentrations and turbidity were statistically significant for the three additional sites, and relations between E. coli concentrations and gage height were significant at the two sites where gage-height data were available. The turbidity model correctly predicted concentrations of E. coli above or below Ohio’s single-sample standard for primary-contact recreation for 77 percent of samples collected at Jaite.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Cuyahoga Valley National Park and the Ohio Lake Erie Commission","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., and Plona, M.B., 2009, Relations between environmental and water-quality variables and Escherichia coli in the Cuyahoga River with emphasis on turbidity as a predictor of recreational water quality, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1192, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091192.","productDescription":"14 p.","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1192.jpg"},{"id":402012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87532.htm"},{"id":13136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cuyahoga Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 41.08452688125755\n ],\n [\n -81.44302368164062,\n 41.08452688125755\n ],\n [\n -81.44302368164062,\n 41.40771586770284\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 41.40771586770284\n ],\n [\n -81.69708251953125,\n 41.08452688125755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plona, Meg B.","contributorId":46470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plona","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97958,"text":"sir20095221 - 2009 - Estimates of Sediment Load Prior to Dam Removal in the Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20095221","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5221","title":"Estimates of Sediment Load Prior to Dam Removal in the Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington","docAbstract":"Years after the removal of the two dams on the Elwha River, the geomorphology and habitat of the lower river will be substantially influenced by the sediment load of the free-flowing river. To estimate the suspended-sediment load prior to removal of the dams, the U.S. Geological Survey collected suspended-sediment samples during water years 2006 and 2007 at streamflow-gaging stations on the Elwha River upstream of Lake Mills and downstream of Glines Canyon Dam at McDonald Bridge. At the gaging station upstream of Lake Mills, discrete samples of suspended sediment were collected over a range of streamflows including a large peak in November 2006 when suspended-sediment concentrations exceeded 7,000 milligrams per liter, the highest concentrations recorded on the river. Based on field measurements in this study and from previous years, regression equations were developed for estimating suspended-sediment and bedload discharge as a function of streamflow. Using a flow duration approach, the average total annual sediment load at the gaging station upstream of Lake Mills was estimated at 327,000 megagrams with a range of uncertainty of +57 to -34 percent (217,000-513,000 megagrams) at the 95 percent confidence level; 77 percent of the total was suspended-sediment load and 23 percent was bedload. At the McDonald Bridge gaging station, daily suspended-sediment samples were obtained using an automated pump sampler, and concentrations were combined with the record of streamflow to calculate daily, monthly, and annual suspended-sediment loads. In water year 2006, an annual suspended-sediment load of 49,300 megagrams was determined at the gaging station at McDonald Bridge, and a load of 186,000 megagrams was determined upstream at the gaging station upstream of Lake Mills. In water year 2007, the suspended-sediment load was 75,200 megagrams at McDonald Bridge and 233,000 megagrams upstream of Lake Mills. The large difference between suspended-sediment loads at both gaging stations shows the extent of sediment trapping by Lake Mills, and a trap efficiency of 0.86 was determined for the reservoir. Pre-dam-removal estimates of suspended-sediment load and sediment-discharge relations will help planners monitor geomorphic and habitat changes in the river as it reaches a dynamic equilibrium following the removal of dams.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Konrad, C.P., Higgins, J.L., and Bryant, M.K., 2009, Estimates of Sediment Load Prior to Dam Removal in the Elwha River, Clallam County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5221, Report: vi, 19 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095221.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5221.jpg"},{"id":13135,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,47.5 ], [ -124,48.25 ], [ -123.25,48.25 ], [ -123.25,47.5 ], [ -124,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, Johnna L. jhiggins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Johnna","email":"jhiggins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bryant, Mark K. mbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":3610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Mark","email":"mbryant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97960,"text":"sir20095175 - 2009 - Water Quality of Combined Sewer Overflows, Stormwater, and Streams, Omaha, Nebraska, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20095175","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5175","title":"Water Quality of Combined Sewer Overflows, Stormwater, and Streams, Omaha, Nebraska, 2006-07","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Omaha, investigated the water quality of combined sewer overflows, stormwater, and streams in the Omaha, Nebraska, area by collecting and analyzing 1,175 water samples from August 2006 through October 2007. The study area included the drainage area of Papillion Creek at Capeheart Road near Bellevue, Nebraska, which encompasses the tributary drainages of the Big and Little Papillion Creeks and Cole Creek, along with the Missouri River reach that is adjacent to Omaha. Of the 101 constituents analyzed during the study, 100 were detected in at least 1 sample during the study. Spatial and seasonal comparisons were completed for environmental samples. Measured concentrations in stream samples were compared to water-quality criteria for pollutants of concern. Finally, the mass loads of water-quality constituents in the combined sewer overflow discharges, stormwater outfalls, and streams were computed and compared.\r\n\r\nThe results of the study indicate that combined sewer overflow and stormwater discharges are affecting the water quality of the streams in the Omaha area. At the Papillion Creek Basin sites, Escherichia coli densities were greater than 126 units per 100 milliliters in 99 percent of the samples (212 of 213 samples analyzed for Escherichia coli) collected during the recreational-use season from May through September (in 2006 and 2007). Escherichia coli densities in 76 percent of Missouri River samples (39 of 51 samples) were greater than 126 units per 100 milliliters in samples collected from May through September (in 2006 and 2007). None of the constituents with human health criteria for consumption of water, fish, and other aquatic organisms were detected at levels greater than the criteria in any of the samples collected during this study. Total phosphorus concentrations in water samples collected in the Papillion Creek Basin were in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's proposed criterion in all but four stream samples (266 of 270). Similarly, only 2 of 84 Missouri River samples had total phosphorus concentrations less than the proposed criterion. The proposed total nitrogen criterion for the Corn Belt and Northern Great Plains ecoregion was surpassed in 80 percent of the water samples collected from the stream sites. Samples with total nitrogen concentrations greater than the proposed criterion were most common at Papillion Creek and Big Papillion Creek sites, where the proposed criterion was surpassed in 90 and 96 percent of the samples collected, respectively. Elevated concentrations of total nitrogen were less common at the Missouri River sites, with 33 percent of the samples analyzed having concentrations that surpassed the proposed nutrient criterion for total nitrogen. The three constituents with measured concentrations greater than their respective health-based screening levels were nickel, zinc, and dichlorvos.\r\n\r\nDifferences in water quality during the beginning, middle, and end of the combined sewer overflow discharge and the stream hydrograph rise, peak, and recession were investigated. Concentrations from the ending part of the combined sewer overflow hydrograph were significantly different than those from the beginning and middle parts for 3 and 11 constituents, respectively. No constituents were significantly different between the beginning and middle parts of the combined sewer overflow discharge hydrograph. For the stream site upstream from combined sewer overflow outfalls on Cole Creek, the constituents with geometric mean values for the hydrograph rise that were at least twice those for the values of the peak and recession were specific conductance, magnesium, nitrite, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), methyl salicylate, p-cresol, and Escherichia coli. Similarly, the constituents where the hydrograph peak was at least twice that for the rise and recession at the upstream Cole Creek site were total suspended solids, silver, an","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Omaha","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.R., Frankforter, J.D., Rus, D.L., Hobza, C.M., and Moser, M., 2009, Water Quality of Combined Sewer Overflows, Stormwater, and Streams, Omaha, Nebraska, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5175, Report: xiv, 152 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095175.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 152 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-08-01","temporalEnd":"2007-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5175.jpg"},{"id":13137,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.13333333333334,41.03333333333333 ], [ -96.13333333333334,41.38333333333333 ], [ -95.83333333333333,41.38333333333333 ], [ -95.83333333333333,41.03333333333333 ], [ -96.13333333333334,41.03333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, Jason R.","contributorId":82006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankforter, Jill D. 0000-0003-0371-2313 jdfrankf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-2313","contributorId":1739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankforter","given":"Jill","email":"jdfrankf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moser, Matthew T.","contributorId":13329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"Matthew T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97963,"text":"ofr20091230 - 2009 - Total selenium in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, April 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T09:39:33","indexId":"ofr20091230","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1230","title":"Total selenium in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, April 2009","docAbstract":"This report presents the results for the final sampling period (April 2009) of a 4-year monitoring program to characterize selenium concentrations in selected irrigation drains flowing into the Salton Sea, California. Total selenium and total suspended solids were determined in water samples. Total selenium, percent total organic carbon, and particle size were determined in sediments. Mean total selenium concentrations in water ranged from 0.98 to 22.9 micrograms per liter. Total selenium concentrations in sediment ranged from 0.078 to 5.0 micrograms per gram dry weight.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091230","usgsCitation":"May, T.W., Walther, M., Saiki, M.K., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2009, Total selenium in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, April 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1230, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091230.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","temporalStart":"2009-04-01","temporalEnd":"2009-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1230.jpg"},{"id":13140,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334498,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1230/pdf/of2009-1230.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 33.047810073472085\n ],\n [\n -115.50750732421875,\n 33.047810073472085\n ],\n [\n -115.50750732421875,\n 33.59174327144985\n ],\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 33.59174327144985\n ],\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 33.047810073472085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9719","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walther, Michael J. mwalther@usgs.gov","contributorId":2852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"Michael J.","email":"mwalther@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156883,"text":"70156883 - 2009 - Did intense volcanism trigger the first Late Ordovician icehouse?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T10:23:08","indexId":"70156883","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-29T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Did intense volcanism trigger the first Late Ordovician icehouse?","docAbstract":"Oxygen isotopes measured on Late Ordovician conodonts from Minnesota and Kentucky (United States) were studied to reconstruct the paleotemperature history during late Sandbian to Katian (Mohawkian–Cincinnatian) time. This time interval was characterized by intense volcanism, as shown by the prominent Deicke, Millbrig, and other K-bentonite beds. A prominent carbon isotope excursion (Guttenberg δ13C excursion, GICE) postdates the Millbrig volcanic eruptions, and has been interpreted to reflect a drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide and climatic cooling. The oxygen isotope record in conodont apatite contradicts this earlier interpretation. An increase in δ18O of 1.5‰ (Vienna standard mean ocean water) just above the Deicke K-bentonite suggests an abrupt and short-lived cooling that possibly initiated a first short-term glacial episode well before the major Hirnantian glaciation. The decrease in δ18O immediately after the mega-eruptions indicates warming before the GICE, and no cooling is shown in the GICE interval. The coincidence of the Deicke mega-eruption with a cooling event suggests that this major volcanic event had a profound effect on Late Ordovician (late Mohawkian) climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G30577.1","usgsCitation":"Buggisch, W., Joachimski, M.M., Lehnert, O., Bergstrom, S.M., and Repetski, J.E., 2009, Did intense volcanism trigger the first Late Ordovician icehouse?: Geology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 327-330, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30577.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008547","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81dafe4b0dacf699e6662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buggisch, Werner","contributorId":34408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buggisch","given":"Werner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joachimski, Michael M.","contributorId":61316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joachimski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lehnert, Oliver","contributorId":36033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehnert","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstrom, S. M.","contributorId":147234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6714,"text":"Ohio State University, School of Earth Sciences, Columbus, Ohio, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243750,"text":"70243750 - 2009 - Sediment characterization and dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T16:09:20.946352","indexId":"70243750","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-28T09:55:19","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment characterization and dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Lake Pontchartrain in southeastern Louisiana is the largest of several shallow estuaries that together cover over 15,000 km2. Wetlands, forests, and large urban areas surround the lake. Primary transport mechanisms of sediments to Lake Pontchartrain include urban runoff, major diversions of the Mississippi River, discharge from streams along the north and west shores, and tidal circulation. Sediments deposited in Lake Pontchartrain are subjected to resuspension and mixing by natural and human activities. Bioturbation and water turbulence throughout the lake are the major mixing agents, and mechanical shell dredging has reworked much of the lake bottom over the last century. Sediment characterization through direct sampling and geophysical surveys indicates that these processes continually rework the top meter of sediment.
The lake receives discharge from roadways and industrial and agricultural sources. Contaminants from these sources accumulate in the lake sediments and are an important contributor to the degradation of the estuary. Decline in populations of various benthic organisms, such as shrimp and clams, has been documented in the lake. To characterize the health of this important estuary, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the geology, geomorphology, coastal processes, and environmental condition of the Pontchartrain Basin from 1994 to 1997. This report presents an assessment of sediment distribution and quality using a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the influence of various physical and chemical parameters: nearsurface stratigraphy, major trace metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni), and short-lived radionuclides (210Pb, 7Be, and 137Cs). The results are compared with water-circulation patterns to determine high-resolution sedimentation patterns in the lake. The data show a significant increase in trace metals in the top 1 m of lake sediments. Above this horizon, pollen analysis indicates a correlation with land clearing in the area, a proxy for increasing human development of the surrounding landscape and an increase in surface run-off. The data also show that the top meter of sediment undergoes frequent resuspension during high-energy circulation events and via circulation gyres in the lake. This regular turnover does not allow stratification of recently deposited sediments, restricting the sequestration of contaminated material that enters the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2112/SI54-011.1","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kindinger, J.L., Marot, M.E., and Holmes, C.W., 2009, Sediment characterization and dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 2009, no. 10054, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI54-011.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-016692","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.61898900723892,\n 30.418098024587806\n ],\n [\n -90.61898900723892,\n 30.01761963592945\n ],\n [\n -89.67442366651264,\n 30.01761963592945\n ],\n [\n -89.67442366651264,\n 30.418098024587806\n ],\n [\n -90.61898900723892,\n 30.418098024587806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2009","issue":"10054","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L","contributorId":305544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marot, Marci E 0000-0003-0504-315X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":305545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W","contributorId":305546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":873154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70237851,"text":"70237851 - 2009 - The November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands-generated tsunami in Crescent City, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T12:16:11.095598","indexId":"70237851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T07:09:10","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The November 15, 2006 Kuril Islands-generated tsunami in Crescent City, California","docAbstract":"On November 15, 2006, Crescent City in Del Norte County, California was hit by a tsunami generated by a M w 8.3 earthquake in the central Kuril Islands. Strong currents that persisted over an eight-hour period damaged floating docks and several boats and caused an estimated $9.2 million in losses. Initial tsunami alert bulletins issued by the West Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WCATWC) in Palmer, Alaska were cancelled about three and a half hours after the earthquake, nearly five hours before the first surges reached Crescent City. The largest amplitude wave, 1.76-meter peak to trough, was the sixth cycle and arrived over two hours after the first wave. Strong currents estimated at over 10 knots, damaged or destroyed three docks and caused cracks in most of the remaining docks. As a result of the November 15 event, WCATWC changed the definition of Advisory from a region-wide alert bulletin meaning that a potential tsunami is 6 hours or further away to a localized alert that tsunami water heights may approach warning- level thresholds in specific, vulnerable locations like Crescent City. On January 13, 2007 a similar Kuril event occurred and hourly conferences between the warning center and regional weather forecasts were held with a considerable improvement in the flow of information to local coastal jurisdictions. The event highlighted the vulnerability of harbors from a relatively modest tsunami and underscored the need to improve public education regarding the duration of the tsunami hazards, improve dialog between tsunami warning centers and local jurisdictions, and better understand the currents produced by tsunamis in harbors.
Mortalities of young-of-the-year (YOY) smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) recently have occurred in the Susquehanna River due to Flavobacterium columnare, a bacterium that typically infects stressed fish. Stress factors include but are not limited to elevated water temperature and low dissolved oxygen during times critical for survival and development of smallmouth bass (May 1 through July 31). The infections were first discovered in the Susquehanna River and major tributaries in the summer months of 2005 but also were prevalent in 2007.
The U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and PPL Corporation worked together to monitor dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, and specific conductance on a continuous basis at seven locations from May through mid October 2008. In addition, nutrient concentrations, which may affect dissolved-oxygen concentrations, were measured once in water and streambed sediment at 25 locations.
Data from water-quality meters (sondes) deployed as pairs showed daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration at YOY smallmouth-bass microhabitats in the Susquehanna River at Clemson Island and the Juniata River at Howe Township Park were significantly lower (p-value < 0.0001) than nearby main-channel habitats. The average daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration during the critical period (May 1–July 31) was 1.1 mg/L lower in the Susquehanna River microhabitat and 0.3 mg/L lower in the Juniata River. Daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower than the applicable national criterion (5.0 mg/L) in microhabitat in the Susquehanna River at Clemson Island on 31 days (of 92 days in the critical period) compared to no days in the corresponding main-channel habitat. In the Juniata River, daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration in the microhabitat was lower than 5.0 mg/L on 20 days compared to only 5 days in the main-channel habitat. The maximum time periods that dissolved oxygen was less than 5.0 mg/L in microhabitats of the Susquehanna and Juniata Rivers were 8.5 and 5.5 hours, respectively. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations lower than the national criterion generally occurred during nighttime and early-morning hours between midnight and 0800. The lowest instantaneous dissolved-oxygen concentrations measured in microhabitats during the critical period were 3.3 mg/L for the Susquehanna River at Clemson Island (June 11, 2008) and 4.1 mg/L for the Juniata River at Howe Township Park (July 22, 2008).
Comparison of 2008 data to available continuous-monitoring data from 1974 to 1979 in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., indicates the critical period of 2008 had an average daily mean dissolved-oxygen concentration that was 1.1 mg/L lower (p-value < 0.0001) than in the 1970s and an average daily mean water temperature that was 0.8 °C warmer (p-value = 0.0056). Streamflow was not significantly different (p-value = 0.0952) between the two time periods indicating that it is not a likely explanation for the differences in water quality.
During the critical period in 2008, dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., than in the Delaware River at Trenton, N.J., or Allegheny River at Acmetonia near Pittsburgh, Pa. Daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations were below the national criterion of 5.0 mg/L on 6 days during the critical period in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg compared to no days in the Delaware River at Trenton and the Allegheny River at Acmetonia. Average daily mean water temperature in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg was 1.8 °C warmer than in the Delaware River at Trenton and 3.4 °C warmer than in the Allegheny River at Acmetonia. These results indicate that any stress induced by dissolved oxygen or other environmental conditions is likely to be magnified by elevated temperature in the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg compared to the Delaware River at Trenton or the Allegheny River at Acmetonia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and PPL Corporation","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, J.J., Crawford, J.K., and Brightbill, R.A., 2009, Water-quality monitoring in response to young-of-the-year smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) mortality in the Susquehanna River and major tributaries, Pennsylvania: 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1216, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091216.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1216.jpg"},{"id":402292,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87531.htm"},{"id":13129,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1216/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -76.6461181640625,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -76.6461181640625,\n 41.03378713521864\n ],\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 41.03378713521864\n ],\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 40.18726672309203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee5bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-0617-5050 jchaplin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-5050","contributorId":147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchaplin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, J. Kent","contributorId":54176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97954,"text":"sir20095192 - 2009 - Predicting recreational water quality using turbidity in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2004-7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T22:37:24.03493","indexId":"sir20095192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5192","title":"Predicting recreational water quality using turbidity in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2004-7","docAbstract":"The Cuyahoga River within Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) in Ohio is often impaired for recreational use because of elevated concentrations of bacteria, which are indicators of fecal contamination. During the recreational seasons (May through August) of 2004 through 2007, samples were collected at two river sites, one upstream of and one centrally-located within CVNP. Bacterial concentrations and turbidity were determined, and streamflow at time of sampling and rainfall amounts over the previous 24 hours prior to sampling were ascertained. Statistical models to predict Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations were developed for each site (with data from 2004 through 2006) and tested during an independent year (2007). At Jaite, a sampling site near the center of CVNP, the predictive model performed better than the traditional method of determining the current day's water quality using the previous day's E. coli concentration. During 2007, the Jaite model, based on turbidity, produced more correct responses (81 percent) and fewer false negatives (3.2 percent) than the traditional method (68 and 26 percent, respectively). At Old Portage, a sampling site just upstream from CVNP, a predictive model with turbidity and rainfall as explanatory variables did not perform as well as the traditional method. The Jaite model was used to estimate water quality at three other sites in the park; although it did not perform as well as the traditional method, it performed well - yielding between 68 and 91 percent correct responses. Further research would be necessary to determine whether using the Jaite model to predict recreational water quality elsewhere on the river would provide accurate results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Ohio Lake Erie Commission","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., Bushon, R.N., and Plona, M.B., 2009, Predicting recreational water quality using turbidity in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, 2004-7: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5192, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095192.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5192.jpg"},{"id":13127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87529.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.6667,\n 41.1233\n ],\n [\n -81.6667,\n 41.4011\n ],\n [\n -81.4833,\n 41.4011\n ],\n [\n -81.4833,\n 41.1233\n ],\n [\n -81.6667,\n 41.1233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plona, Meg B.","contributorId":46470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plona","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97951,"text":"ofr20091212 - 2009 - Preliminary Assessment of the Potential for Inducing Stormwater Infiltration in Cook County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20091212","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1212","title":"Preliminary Assessment of the Potential for Inducing Stormwater Infiltration in Cook County, Illinois","docAbstract":"The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago is responsible for all of the regional stormwater management for Cook County in northeastern Illinois, one of the largest urban areas in the United States. Continuing urban expansion in this area has increased stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows and likely decreased groundwater recharge. Passive induced-infiltration structures may help reduce stormflow problems and increase infiltration. These structures must be properly located to function effectively. Using hydrogeologic and land cover and use characteristics, maps of Cook County were developed indicating areas having the most potential for inducing stormwater infiltration. This assessment is preliminary because the scale of the mapping only gives a general indication of potential infiltration areas and is not suitable for site-specific investigations. In Cook County, 76,080 of 612,636 acres (12.4 percent) were determined to have the greatest potential for passive induced-infiltration-structure locations. Of these 76,080 acres, 8,650 are within the Lake Michigan surface watershed, with the remaining 67,430 acres within the Illinois River surface watershed. If all the annual rainfall on the 8,650 acres infiltrated and flowed to Lake Michigan, the resulting groundwater flux would be about 33 cubic feet per second (ft3/s).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago","usgsCitation":"Morrow, W.S., and Sharpe, J.B., 2009, Preliminary Assessment of the Potential for Inducing Stormwater Infiltration in Cook County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1212, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091212.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1212.jpg"},{"id":13124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.33333333333333,41.416666666666664 ], [ -88.33333333333333,42.166666666666664 ], [ -87.41666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -87.41666666666667,41.416666666666664 ], [ -88.33333333333333,41.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97957,"text":"sir20095222 - 2009 - Comparison of the Immunomagnetic Separation/Adenosine Triphosphate Rapid Method and the Modified mTEC Membrane-Filtration Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095222","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5222","title":"Comparison of the Immunomagnetic Separation/Adenosine Triphosphate Rapid Method and the Modified mTEC Membrane-Filtration Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli","docAbstract":"Water quality at beaches is monitored for fecal indicator bacteria by traditional, culture-based methods that can take 18 to 24 hours to obtain results. A rapid detection method that provides estimated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria within 1 hour from the start of sample processing would allow beach managers to post advisories or close the beach when the conditions are actually considered unsafe instead of a day later, when conditions may have changed. A rapid method that couples immunomagnetic separation with adenosine triphosphate detection (IMS/ATP rapid method) was evaluated through monitoring of Escherichia coli (E. coli) at three Lake Erie beaches in Ohio (Edgewater and Villa Angela in Cleveland and Huntington in Bay Village).\r\n\r\n\r\nBeach water samples were collected between 4 and 5 days per week during the recreational seasons (May through September) of 2006 and 2007. Composite samples were created in the lab from two point samples collected at each beach and were shown to be comparable substitutes for analysis of two individual samples. E. coli concentrations in composite samples, as determined by the culture-based method, ranged from 4 to 24,000 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters during this study across all beaches. Turbidity also was measured for each sample and ranged from 0.8 to 260 neophelometric turbidity ratio units. Environmental variables were noted at the time of sampling, including number of birds at the beach and wave height. Rainfall amounts were measured at National Weather Service stations at local airports. Turbidity, rainfall, and wave height were significantly related to the culture-based method results each year and for both years combined at each beach. The number of birds at the beach was significantly related to the culture-based method results only at Edgewater during 2006 and during both years combined.\r\n\r\nResults of the IMS/ATP method were compared to results of the culture-based method for samples by year for each beach. The IMS/ATP method underwent several changes and refinements during the first year, including changes in reagents and antibodies and alterations to the method protocol. Because of the changes in the method, results from the two years of study could not be combined. Kendall's tau correlation coefficients for relations between the IMS/ATP and culture-based methods were significant except for samples collected during 2006 at Edgewater and for samples collected during 2007 at Villa Angela. Further, relations were stronger for samples collected in 2006 than for those collected in 2007, except at Edgewater where the reverse was observed.\r\n\r\nThe 2007 dataset was examined to identify possible reasons for the observed difference in significance of relations by year. By dividing the 2007 data set into groups as a function of sampling date, relations (Kendall's tau) between methods were observed to be stronger for samples collected earlier in the season than for those collected later in the season. At Edgewater and Villa Angela, there were more birds at the beach at time of sampling later in the season compared to earlier in the season. (The number of birds was not examined at Huntington.) Also, more wet days (when rainfall during the 24 hours prior to sampling was greater than 0.05 inch) were sampled later in the season compared to earlier in the season. Differences in the dominant fecal source may explain the change in the relations between the culture-based and IMS/ATP methods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095222","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District, Cuyahoga County Board of Health, Cuyahoga County Sanitary Engineer, and Ohio Water Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., Bushon, R.N., and Bertke, E.E., 2009, Comparison of the Immunomagnetic Separation/Adenosine Triphosphate Rapid Method and the Modified mTEC Membrane-Filtration Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5222, viii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095222.","productDescription":"viii, 22 p.","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5222.jpg"},{"id":13130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,41.416666666666664 ], [ -82,41.666666666666664 ], [ -81.5,41.666666666666664 ], [ -81.5,41.416666666666664 ], [ -82,41.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae00d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bertke, Erin E. eebertke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertke","given":"Erin","email":"eebertke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97955,"text":"ds471 - 2009 - Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-12T19:47:52.032639","indexId":"ds471","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"471","title":"Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013","docAbstract":"This report presents the physical and chemical characteristics of water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases from 1964 through 2013. These data are available in a several electronic formats. Data have been collected throughout this period by various offices of the Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Geological Survey and are compiled to represent the existing body of chemical and physical information on Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam releases. From this record, further interpretation may be made concerning mixing processes in Lake Powell, the movement and fate of advective inflow currents, effects of climate and hydrological variations, and the effects of the operation and structure of Glen Canyon Dam on the quality of water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds471","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Vernieu, W., 2009, Historical physical and chemical data for water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013 (Originally posted on October 22, 2009; Version 2.0: October 2013; Version 3.0: February 17, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 471, Report: iv, 23 p.; Metadata; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds471.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; Metadata; Data Folder","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1964-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds471.gif"},{"id":417004,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87526.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278949,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/data/ds471_data.zip","text":"Data folder"},{"id":278948,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/pdf/ds471_metadata.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278947,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/pdf/ds471.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/471/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.0833,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -110.0833,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.4572,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.4572,\n 36.8833\n ],\n [\n -110.0833,\n 36.8833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Originally posted on October 22, 2009; Version 2.0: October 2013; Version 3.0: February 17, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685cb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vernieu, William S.","contributorId":49068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vernieu","given":"William S.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97953,"text":"ofr20091242 - 2009 - Particle Size Characterization of Water-Elutriated Libby Amphibole 2000 and RTI International Amosite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20091242","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1242","title":"Particle Size Characterization of Water-Elutriated Libby Amphibole 2000 and RTI International Amosite","docAbstract":"This report presents data on particle characterization analyzed by scanning electron microscopy on Libby amphibole collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2000 (LA2000) and amosite material collected by RTI International (RTI amosite). The particle characterization data were generated to support a portion of the Libby Action Plan. Prior to analysis, the raw LA2000 and RTI amosite materials were subjected to a preparation step. Each sample was water-elutriated by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park using the methods generally described in another published report and then delivered to the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Microbeam Laboratory for analysis. Data presented here represent analyses performed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Microbeam Laboratory and USEPA National Enforcement Investigations Center. This report consists of two Excel spreadsheet files developed by USEPA, Region 8 Superfund Technical Assistance Unit and describe the particle size characterization of the LA2000 and RTI amosite, respectively. Multiple tabs and data entry cells exist in each spreadsheet and are defined herein.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091242","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cooperation with U.S. EPA National Enforcement Investigations Center","usgsCitation":"Lowers, H., and Bern, A.M., 2009, Particle Size Characterization of Water-Elutriated Libby Amphibole 2000 and RTI International Amosite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1242, Report: iii, 3 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091242.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":177,"text":"Central Region Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1242.jpg"},{"id":13126,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bern, Amy M.","contributorId":67625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97949,"text":"cir1339 - 2009 - Coastal change along the shore of northeastern South Carolina— The South Carolina Coastal Erosion Study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T21:05:28.740976","indexId":"cir1339","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1339","title":"Coastal change along the shore of northeastern South Carolina— The South Carolina Coastal Erosion Study","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, conducted a 7-year, multidisciplinary study of coastal erosion in northeastern South Carolina. Shoreline behavior along the coast of Long Bay is dictated by waves, tidal currents, and sediment supply that act within the overall constraints of the regional geologic setting. Beaches are thin ribbons of sand that sit on top of layered sedimentary rocks, which have been deeply eroded by rivers and coastal processes over millions of years. Offshore of the beaches, these sedimentary rocks are exposed as hardgrounds over large expanses of shallow seafloor and are locally overlain by a discontinuous veneer of sandy sediment generally less than 1 m thick. Rates of shoreline retreat largely depend on the geologic framework of the shoreface that is being excavated by ocean processes. Mainland-attached beaches have remained relatively stable, whereas barrier islands have experienced large shifts in shoreline position. In this sediment-limited region, erosion of the shoreface and inner shelf probably contributes a significant amount of new material to the beach system. Oceanographic studies and numerical modeling show that sediment transport varies along the coast, depending on the type and travel path of storms that impact Long Bay, but the long-term net transport direction is generally from north to south. Changes in storm activity that might accompany climate change, coupled with anticipated increases in sea-level rise, are expected to strongly affect low-lying, heavily developed areas of the coast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1339","isbn":"9781411325388","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Gayes, P., Morton, R., Driscoll, N.W., Baldwin, W.E., Barnhardt, W., Denny, J.F., Harris, M., Katuna, M., Putney, T., Voulgaris, G., Warner, J., and Wright, E., 2009, Coastal change along the shore of northeastern South Carolina— The South Carolina Coastal Erosion Study: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1339, vi, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1339.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p.","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388385,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87528.htm"},{"id":13123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1339/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1339.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Grand Strand","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.6676025390625,\n 34.025347738147936\n ],\n [\n -78.42864990234375,\n 33.80197351806589\n ],\n [\n -79.26361083984375,\n 33.04090311724091\n ],\n [\n -79.5355224609375,\n 33.26395335923739\n ],\n [\n -78.6676025390625,\n 34.025347738147936\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebd2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A. wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":173835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","email":"wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gayes, P. T.","contributorId":108143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gayes","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldwin, W. E.","contributorId":47034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnhardt, W. A.","contributorId":86449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harris, M.S.","contributorId":65192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Katuna, M.P.","contributorId":31076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katuna","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Putney, T.R.","contributorId":23650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putney","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Voulgaris, G.","contributorId":73701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wright, E.E.","contributorId":91586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":97947,"text":"ds373 - 2009 - Ground-Water Quality Data in the Coachella Valley Study Unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"ds373","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"373","title":"Ground-Water Quality Data in the Coachella Valley Study Unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the approximately 820 square-mile Coachella Valley Study Unit (COA) was investigated during February and March 2007 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).\r\n\r\nThe study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of raw ground water used for public-water supplies within the Coachella Valley, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of ground-water quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 35 wells in Riverside County. Nineteen of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells). Sixteen additional wells were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry along selected ground-water flow paths, examine land use effects on ground-water quality, and to collect water-quality data in areas where little exists. These wells were referred to as 'understanding wells'.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water samples were analyzed for a large number of organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, pharmaceutical compounds, and potential wastewater-indicator compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (uranium, tritium, carbon-14, and stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and boron), and dissolved noble gases (the last in collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) also were measured to help identify the source and age of the sampled ground water.\r\n\r\nA quality-control sample (blank, replicate, or matrix spike) was collected at approximately one quarter of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the ground-water samples. Assessment of the quality-control information resulted in V-coding less than 0.1 percent of the data collected.\r\n\r\nThis study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, water typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain acceptable water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to treated water that is supplied to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw ground water were compared with health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic purposes (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCL-CA) by CDPH.\r\n\r\nMost constituents detected in ground-water samples were at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. Volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and pesticide degradates were detected in less than one-third of the grid well samples collected. All VOC and pesticide concentrations measured were below health-based thresholds. Potential waste-water indicators were detected in less than half of the wells sampled, and no detections were above health-based thresholds. Perchlorate was detected in seven grid wells; concentrations from two wells were above the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA). Most detections of trace elements in samples collected from COA Study Unit wells were below water-quality thresholds. Exceptions include five samples of arsenic that were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US), two detections of boron above the CDPH notification level (NL-CA), and two detections of mol","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds373","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board; A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA Program)","usgsCitation":"Goldrath, D., Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2009, Ground-Water Quality Data in the Coachella Valley Study Unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 373, x, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds373.","productDescription":"x, 71 p.","temporalStart":"2007-02-01","temporalEnd":"2007-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_373.jpg"},{"id":13121,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,32 ], [ -125,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -125,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldrath, Dara A.","contributorId":59896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldrath","given":"Dara A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97944,"text":"sir20095136 - 2009 - Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T07:55:02","indexId":"sir20095136","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5136","title":"Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Department of Transportation, developed regional regression equations for estimation of various streamflow statistics that are representative of natural streamflow conditions at ungaged sites in Colorado. The equations define the statistical relations between streamflow statistics (response variables) and basin and climatic characteristics (predictor variables). The equations were developed using generalized least-squares and weighted least-squares multilinear regression reliant on logarithmic variable transformation. Streamflow statistics were derived from at least 10 years of streamflow data through about 2007 from selected USGS streamflow-gaging stations in the study area that are representative of natural-flow conditions. Basin and climatic characteristics used for equation development are drainage area, mean watershed elevation, mean watershed slope, percentage of drainage area above 7,500 feet of elevation, mean annual precipitation, and 6-hour, 100-year precipitation. For each of five hydrologic regions in Colorado, peak-streamflow equations that are based on peak-streamflow data from selected stations are presented for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year instantaneous-peak streamflows. For four of the five hydrologic regions, equations based on daily-mean streamflow data from selected stations are presented for 7-day minimum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows and for 7-day maximum 2-, 10-, and 50-year streamflows. Other equations presented for the same four hydrologic regions include those for estimation of annual- and monthly-mean streamflow and streamflow-duration statistics for exceedances of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90 percent. All equations are reported along with salient diagnostic statistics, ranges of basin and climatic characteristics on which each equation is based, and commentary of potential bias, which is not otherwise removed by log-transformation of the variables of the equations from interpretation of residual plots. The predictor-variable ranges can be used to assess equation applicability for ungaged sites in Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095136","isbn":"9781411325623","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Capesius, J.P., and Stephens, V.C., 2009, Regional regression equations for estimation of natural streamflow statistics in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5136, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095136.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4cf03c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Verlin C.","contributorId":34479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97948,"text":"ds470 - 2009 - Terrestrial lidar datasets of New Orleans, Louisiana, levee failures from Hurricane Katrina, August 29, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T20:13:42.078059","indexId":"ds470","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"470","title":"Terrestrial lidar datasets of New Orleans, Louisiana, levee failures from Hurricane Katrina, August 29, 2005","docAbstract":"Hurricane Katrina made landfall with the northern Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, as one of the strongest hurricanes on record. The storm damage incurred in Louisiana included a number of levee failures that led to the inundation of approximately 85 percent of the metropolitan New Orleans area. Whereas extreme levels of storm damage were expected from such an event, the catastrophic failure of the New Orleans levees prompted a quick mobilization of engineering experts to assess why and how particular levees failed. As part of this mobilization, civil engineering members of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) performed terrestrial lidar topographic surveys at major levee failures in the New Orleans area. The focus of the terrestrial lidar effort was to obtain precise measurements of the ground surface to map soil displacements at each levee site, the nonuniformity of levee height freeboard, depth of erosion where scour occurred, and distress in structures at incipient failure. In total, we investigated eight sites in the New Orleans region, including both earth and concrete floodwall levee breaks. The datasets extend from the 17th Street Canal in the Orleans East Bank area to the intersection of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) with the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) in the New Orleans East area. The lidar scan data consists of electronic files containing millions of surveyed points. These points characterize the topography of each levee’s postfailure or incipient condition and are available for download through online hyperlinks. The data serve as a permanent archive of the catastrophic damage of Hurricane Katrina on the levee systems of New Orleans. Complete details of the data collection, processing, and georeferencing methodologies are provided in this report to assist in the visualization and analysis of the data by future users.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds470","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Kayen, R., Minasian, D.L., and Reiss, T., 2009, Terrestrial lidar datasets of New Orleans, Louisiana, levee failures from Hurricane Katrina, August 29, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 470, Report: iv, 24 p.; Metadata: Data Folder; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds470.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Metadata: Data Folder; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-08-29","temporalEnd":"2005-08-29","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_470.jpg"},{"id":404160,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87525.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13122,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/470/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.125,\n 29.9561\n ],\n [\n -89.92,\n 29.9561\n ],\n [\n -89.92,\n 30.0528\n ],\n [\n -90.125,\n 30.0528\n ],\n [\n -90.125,\n 29.9561\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6850ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minasian, Diane L. dminasian@usgs.gov","contributorId":3232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minasian","given":"Diane","email":"dminasian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiss, Thomas","contributorId":97588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97946,"text":"sir20095182 - 2009 - Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T17:07:31","indexId":"sir20095182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5182","displayTitle":"Summary of Surface-Water Quality Data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","title":"Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007","docAbstract":"The quality of streams in the Illinois River Basin of northeastern Oklahoma is potentially threatened by increased quantities of wastes discharged from increasing human populations, grazing of about 160,000 cattle, and confined animal feeding operations raising about 20 million chickens. Increasing numbers of humans and livestock in the basin contribute nutrients and bacteria to surface water and groundwater, causing greater than the typical concentrations of those constituents for this region. Consequences of increasing contributions of these substances can include increased algal growth (eutrophication) in streams and lakes; impairment of habitat for native aquatic animals, including desirable game fish species; impairment of drinking-water quality by sediments, turbidity, taste-and-odor causing chemicals, toxic algal compounds, and bacteria; and reduction in the aesthetic quality of the streams.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission, prepared this report to summarize the surface-water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at five long-term surface-water-quality monitoring sites. The data summarized include major ions, nutrients, sediment, and fecal-indicator bacteria from the Illinois River Basin in Oklahoma for 1970 through 2007.\r\n\r\n\r\nGeneral water chemistry, concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, chlorophyll-a (an indicator of algal biomass), fecal-indicator bacteria counts, and sediment concentrations were similar among the five long-term monitoring sites in the Illinois River Basin in northeast Oklahoma. Most water samples were phosphorus-limited, meaning that they contained a smaller proportion of phosphorus, relative to nitrogen, than typically occurs in algal tissues. Greater degrees of nitrogen limitation occurred at three of the five sites which were sampled back to the 1970s, probably due to use of detergents containing greater concentrations of phosphorus than in subsequent periods. Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment, and counts of bacteria generally increased with streamflow at the five sites, probably due to runoff from the land surface and re-suspension of streambed sediments. Phosphorus concentrations typically exceeded the Oklahoma standard of 0.037 milligrams per liter for Scenic Rivers. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a in phytoplankton in water samples collected at the five sites were not well correlated with streamflow, nor to concentrations of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, probably because much of the algae growing in these streams are periphyton attached to streambed cobbles and other debris, rather than phytoplankton in the water column. Sediment concentrations correlated with phosphorus concentrations in water samples collected at the sites, probably due to sorption of phosphorus to soil particles and streambed sediments and runoff of soils and animal wastes at the land surface and resuspension of streambed sediments and phosphorus during wet, high-flow periods. Fecal coliform bacteria counts at the five sites sometimes exceeded the Oklahoma Primary Body Contact Standard of 400 colonies per 100 milliliters when streamflows were greater than 1000 cubic feet per second.\r\n\r\nUltimately, Lake Tenkiller, an important ecological and economic resource for the region, receives the compounds that runoff the land surface or seep to local streams from groundwater in the basin. Because of eutrophication from increased nutrient loading, Lake Tenkiller is listed for impairment by diminished dissolved oxygen concentrations, phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a by the State of Oklahoma in evaluation of surface-water quality required by section 303d of the Clean Water Act.\r\n\r\nStored phosphorus in soils and streambed and lakebed sediments may continue to provide phosphorus to local streams and lakes for decades to come. Steps are being made to reduce local sources of phosphorus, including upgrades in capacity and effective","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., Becker, M.F., Smith, S.J., and Tortorelli, R.L., 2009, Summary of surface-water quality data from the Illinois River Basin in Northeast Oklahoma, 1970-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5182, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095182.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5182.jpg"},{"id":13120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5182/pdf/sir2009-5182.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.5,35.25 ], [ -95.5,36.75 ], [ -92.5,36.75 ], [ -92.5,35.25 ], [ -95.5,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69949b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97943,"text":"sir20095139 - 2009 - Pesticides in ground water in selected agricultural land-use areas and hydrogeologic settings in Pennsylvania, 2003-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T18:14:59.013796","indexId":"sir20095139","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5139","title":"Pesticides in ground water in selected agricultural land-use areas and hydrogeologic settings in Pennsylvania, 2003-07","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) as part of the Pennsylvania Pesticides and Ground Water Strategy (PPGWS). Monitoring data and extensive quality-assurance data on the occurrence of pesticides in ground water during 2003–07 are presented and evaluated; decreases in the land area used for agriculture and corresponding changes in the use of pesticides also are documented. In the Pennsylvania ground waters assessed since 2003, concentrations of pesticides did not exceed any maximum contaminant or health advisory levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; PPGWS actions are invoked by the PDA at fractions of these levels and were needed only in areas designated by the PDA for special ground-water protection.
\nPrevious investigations through 1998 of pesticides in Pennsylvania ground water identified land use, as a surrogate for pesticide use, and rock type of the aquifer combined with physiography as key hydrogeologic setting variables for understanding aquifer vulnerability to contamination and the common occurrence of atrazine and metolachlor in ground water. Of 20 major hydrogeologic settings in a framework established in 1999 for pesticide monitoring in Pennsylvania, 9 were identified as priorities for data collection in order to change the monitoring status from \"inadequate\" to \"adequate\" for the PPGWS.
\nAgricultural and forested land-use areas are decreasing because of urban and suburban growth. In the nine hydrogeologic settings evaluated using 1992 and 2001 data, decreases of up to 12 percent for agricultural land and 10 percent for forested land corresponded to increases of up to 11 percent for urban land. Changes in agricultural pesticide use were computed from crop data. For example, from 1996 to 2004–05, atrazine use declined by about 15 percent to 1,314,000 lb/yr (pounds per year) and metolachlor use increased by about 20 percent to 895,000 lb/yr; these compounds are the two most-used agricultural pesticides statewide.
\nIn 2003–07, a baseline assessment of pesticides was conducted in five of nine hydrogeologic settings with inadequate monitoring data—the Blue Ridge crystalline and Triassic Lowland siliciclastic, Eastern Lake surficial, Devonian-Silurian carbonate, Great Valley siliciclastic, and Northeastern Glaciated surficial settings. Between 20 and 30 wells in each setting were monitored. Of the 126 wells sampled, 96 well-water samples were analyzed for at least 52 pesticide compounds at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) using a method with a minimum reporting level (MRL) at or above 0.002 µg/L (micrograms per liter). Of the 96 well waters analyzed by NWQL, 43 had measureable concentrations of one or more pesticides. Atrazine and (or) deethylatrazine (CIAT), a degradation product of atrazine, were reported at or above the MRL in 39 of the 43 well waters. Neither atrazine nor CIAT were reported at concentrations exceeding 0.10 µg/L; all measured concentrations in these five settings were below PPGWS action levels. Metolachlor was present in 7 of the 43 well waters with measureable concentrations of 1 or more pesticides; however, concentrations were below the MRL. The other 30 samples (10 of 20 wells in the Blue Ridge crystalline and Triassic Lowland siliciclastic setting and all 20 wells in the Eastern Lake surficial setting) were analyzed for at least 19 pesticide compounds at the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Laboratory (PADEPL); the PADEPL reported no concentrations of pesticides at or above an MRL of 0.10 µg/L.
\nStatistical tests using the NWQL analytical results showed correlations between pesticide occurrence and two indicators of water-quality degradation—the occurrence of total coliform bacteria and nitrate concentration. A 2 × 2 contingency-table test indicated a relation between presence or absence of atrazine or metolachlor and presence or absence of bacteria only for the 10 wells representing the Blue Ridge crystalline and Triassic Lowland siliciclastic setting. Results of Spearman’s rank test showed strong positive correlations in the Devonian-Silurian carbonate setting between 1) the number of pesticides above the MRLs and nitrate concentration, and 2) concentrations of atrazine and nitrate. Atrazine concentration and nitrate concentration also showed a statistically significant positive correlation in the Great Valley siliciclastic setting.
\nAn additional component of baseline monitoring was to evaluate changes in pesticide concentration in water from wells representing hydrogeologic settings most vulnerable to contamination from pesticides. In 2003, 16 wells originally sampled in the 1990s were resampled—4 each in the Appalachian Mountain carbonate, Triassic Lowland siliciclastic, Great Valley carbonate, and Piedmont carbonate settings. Nine of these wells, where pesticide concentrations from 1993 and 2003 were analyzed at the NWQL, were chosen for a paired-sample analysis using concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor. A statistically significant decrease in atrazine concentration was identified using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p = 0.004); significant temporal changes in metolachlor concentrations were not observed (p = 0.625).
\nMonitoring in three areas of special ground-water protection, where selected pesticide concentrations in well water were at or above the PPGWS action levels, was done at wells BE 1370 (Berks County, Oley Township), BA 437 (Blair County, North Woodbury Township), and LN 1842 (Lancaster County, Earl Township). Co-occurrence of pesticide-degradation products with parent compounds was documented for the first time in ground-water samples collected from these three wells. Degradation products of atrazine, cyanazine, acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor were commonly at larger concentrations than the parent compound in the same water sample. Pesticide occurrence in water from wells neighboring the hot-spot wells was highly variable; however, the same sets of pesticide compounds that were present in wells BA 437, BE 1370, and LN 1842 were present to some degree in water from neighboring wells. To evaluate temporal changes in concentration, nonparametric statistical tests were used to determine overall and seasonal monotonic trends. Concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, and nitrate were examined using the 5-year (2003–07) and the long-term data from wells BA 437 and LN 1842 (1996–2007 and 1995–2007, respectively), and the long-term data for well BE 1370 (1998–2007); results showed either downward trends or no trends. Trends in acetochlor concentrations were tested only at well LN 1842 using the 5-year data; no trends were observed. Homogeneity of trend tests indicated statistically significant downward concentration trends in the long-term data were due to seasonal trends as follows: BA 437—alachlor and atrazine (summer); BE 1370—atrazine and metolachlor (winter) and alachlor (winter and spring); LN 1842—alachlor (summer and fall) and atrazine (spring and fall).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Loper, C.A., Breen, K.J., Zimmerman, T.M., and Clune, J., 2009, Pesticides in ground water in selected agricultural land-use areas and hydrogeologic settings in Pennsylvania, 2003-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5139, Report: x, 123 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095139.","productDescription":"Report: x, 123 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5139.jpg"},{"id":287581,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5139/sir2009-5139.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13115,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5139/Appendix3.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,38.75 ], [ -81,42.5 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -74,38.75 ], [ -81,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loper, Connie A.","contributorId":62243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breen, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9447-6469 kjbreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6469","contributorId":219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Kevin","email":"kjbreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tammy M. 0000-0003-0842-6981 tmzimmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-6981","contributorId":138830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tammy","email":"tmzimmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clune, John W. 0000-0002-3563-1975","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-1975","contributorId":56753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clune","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97941,"text":"ds472 - 2009 - Depth to water, saturated thickness, and other geospatial datasets used in the design and installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T18:56:39.420529","indexId":"ds472","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"472","title":"Depth to water, saturated thickness, and other geospatial datasets used in the design and installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","docAbstract":"These datasets were compiled in support of U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 456, Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado. These datasets were developed as part of a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Colorado Department of Agriculture. The purpose of the project was to design a 30-well network and install 20 of the 30 wells to characterize water quality in the High Plains aquifer in areas of irrigated agriculture in Colorado. The five datasets are described as follows and are further described in Data Series 456: \n\n(1) ds472_dtw: This dataset represents the depth to groundwater in the High Plains Aquifer in Colorado in 2000. This grid was used to determine areas where the depth to water was less than 200 feet below land surface. \n\n(2) Ds472_sat: This dataset represents the saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer within Colorado in 2000. This grid was used to determine areas where the saturated thickness was greater than 50 feet.\n\n(3) Ds472_equalareas: This dataset includes 30 equal-area polygons overlying the High Plains Aquifer in Colorado having a depth to water less than 200 feet, a saturated thickness greater than 50 feet, and underlying irrigated agricultural lands.\n\n(4) Ds472_randomsites: This dataset includes 90 randomly-generated potential groundwater sampling sites. This dataset provides a first, second, and third choice placed within the 30 equal area polygons of dataset dsXX_equalareas.\n\n(5) Ds472_welldata: This dataset includes point locations and well completion data for the 20 wells installed as part of this project. \n\nThe datasets that pertain to this report can be found on the U.S. Geological Survey's NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) Node, the links are provided on the sidebar.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds472","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Flynn, J.L., Arnold, L., and Paschke, S.S., 2009, Depth to water, saturated thickness, and other geospatial datasets used in the design and installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 472, Metadata: Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds472.","productDescription":"Metadata: Datasets","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273187,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_equalareas.xml"},{"id":195118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401876,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87509.htm"},{"id":273190,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_welldata.xml"},{"id":273189,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_sat.xml"},{"id":273186,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_dtw.xml"},{"id":273188,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds472_randomsites.xml"},{"id":13113,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/472/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.3333,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.0419,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.0419,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.3333,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.3333,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97939,"text":"ofr20091178 - 2009 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-07T15:07:42.017761","indexId":"ofr20091178","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1178","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula as part of a long-term monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork basin; additional water samples were collected in the Clark Fork basin from sites near Missoula downstream to near the confluence of the Clark Fork and Flathead River as part of a supplemental sampling program. The sampling programs were conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork basin of western Montana, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 23 sites from October 2007 through September 2008. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2008.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the analytical results and quality assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at all long-term and supplemental monitoring sites from October 2007 through September 2008. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity was analyzed for water samples collected at sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined and at Clark Fork above Missoula. Nutrients also were analyzed at all the supplemental water-quality sites, except for Clark Fork Bypass, near Bonner. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites, and seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of long-term water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091178","isbn":"9781411325494","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2009, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2007 through September 2008) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1178, vi, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091178.","productDescription":"vi, 140 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1178.jpg"},{"id":13111,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,45.5 ], [ -115.5,48 ], [ -112.25,48 ], [ -112.25,45.5 ], [ -115.5,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97938,"text":"sir20095172 - 2009 - The Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS): Documentation of a groundwater-flow model constructed to assess water availability in the Mississippi embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T19:44:21.11773","indexId":"sir20095172","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5172","title":"The Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS): Documentation of a groundwater-flow model constructed to assess water availability in the Mississippi embayment","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) was conducted with support from the Groundwater Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Groundwater. This report documents the construction and calibration of a finite-difference groundwater model for use as a tool to quantify groundwater availability within the Mississippi embayment. To approximate the differential equation, the MERAS model was constructed with the U.S. Geological Survey's modular three-dimensional finite-difference code, MODFLOW-2005; the preconditioned conjugate gradient solver within MODFLOW-2005 was used for the numerical solution technique. The model area boundary is approximately 78,000 square miles and includes eight States with approximately 6,900 miles of simulated streams, 70,000 well locations, and 10 primary hydrogeologic units. The finite-difference grid consists of 414 rows, 397 columns, and 13 layers. Each model cell is 1 square mile with varying thickness by cell and by layer. The simulation period extends from January 1, 1870, to April 1, 2007, for a total of 137 years and 69 stress periods. The first stress period is simulated as steady state to represent predevelopment conditions.\r\n\r\nAreal recharge is applied throughout the MERAS model area using the MODFLOW-2005 Recharge Package. Irrigation, municipal, and industrial wells are simulated using the Multi-Node Well Package. There are 43 streams simulated by the MERAS model. Each stream or river in the model area was simulated using the Streamflow-Routing Package. The perimeter of the model area and the base of the flow system are represented as no-flow boundaries. The downgradient limit of each model layer is a no-flow boundary, which approximates the extent of water with less than 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids.\r\n\r\nThe MERAS model was calibrated by making manual changes to parameter values and examining residuals for hydraulic heads and streamflow. Additional calibration was achieved through alternate use of UCODE-2005 and PEST. Simulated heads were compared to 55,786 hydraulic-head measurements from 3,245 wells in the MERAS model area. Values of root mean square error between simulated and observed hydraulic heads of all observations ranged from 8.33 feet in 1919 to 47.65 feet in 1951, though only six root mean square error values are greater than 40 feet for the entire simulation period. Simulated streamflow generally is lower than measured streamflow for streams with streamflow less than 1,000 cubic feet per second, and greater than measured streamflow for streams with streamflow more than 1,000 cubic feet per second. Simulated streamflow is underpredicted for 18 observations and overpredicted for 10 observations in the model. These differences in streamflow illustrate the large uncertainty in model inputs such as predevelopment recharge, overland flow, pumpage (from stream and aquifer), precipitation, and observation weights.\r\n\r\nThe groundwater-flow budget indicates changes in flow into (inflows) and out of (outflows) the model area during the pregroundwater-irrigation period (pre-1870) to 2007. Total flow (sum of inflows or outflows) through the model ranged from about 600 million gallons per day prior to development to 18,197 million gallons per day near the end of the simulation. The pumpage from wells represents the largest outflow components with a net rate of 18,197 million gallons per day near the end of the model simulation in 2006. Groundwater outflows are offset primarily by inflow from aquifer storage and recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095172","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., and Hart, R.M., 2009, The Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS): Documentation of a groundwater-flow model constructed to assess water availability in the Mississippi embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5172, v, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095172.","productDescription":"v, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5172.jpg"},{"id":415941,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87505.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.0456,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -94.0456,\n 37.1667\n ],\n [\n -87.4167,\n 37.1667\n ],\n [\n -87.4167,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -94.0456,\n 31.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b8ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97937,"text":"sir20095205 - 2009 - Numerical groundwater-flow model of the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units in the Rapid City area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:08:31","indexId":"sir20095205","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5205","title":"Numerical groundwater-flow model of the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units in the Rapid City area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The city of Rapid City and other water users in the Rapid City area obtain water supplies from the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, which are contained in the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units. A numerical groundwater-flow model of the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units in the Rapid City area was developed to synthesize estimates of water-budget components and hydraulic properties, and to provide a tool to analyze the effect of additional stress on water-level altitudes within the aquifers and on discharge to springs. This report, prepared in cooperation with the city of Rapid City, documents a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units for the 1,000-square-mile study area that includes Rapid City and the surrounding area.\r\n\r\nWater-table conditions generally exist in outcrop areas of the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units, which form generally concentric rings that surround the Precambrian core of the uplifted Black Hills. Confined conditions exist east of the water-table areas in the study area.\r\n\r\nThe Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit is 375 to 800 feet (ft) thick in the study area with the more permeable upper part containing predominantly sandstone and the less permeable lower part containing more shale and limestone than the upper part. Shale units in the lower part generally impede flow between the Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit and the underlying Madison hydrogeologic unit; however, fracturing and weathering may result in hydraulic connections in some areas. The Madison hydrogeologic unit is composed of limestone and dolomite that is about 250 to 610 ft thick in the study area, and the upper part contains substantial secondary permeability from solution openings and fractures. Recharge to the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units is from streamflow loss where streams cross the outcrop and from infiltration of precipitation on the outcrops (areal recharge).\r\n\r\nMODFLOW-2000, a finite-difference groundwater-flow model, was used to simulate flow in the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units with five layers. Layer 1 represented the fractured sandstone layers in the upper 250 ft of the Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit, and layer 2 represented the lower part of the Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit. Layer 3 represented the upper 150 ft of the Madison hydrogeologic unit, and layer 4 represented the less permeable lower part. Layer 5 represented an approximation of the underlying Deadwood aquifer to simulate upward flow to the Madison hydrogeologic unit. The finite-difference grid, oriented 23 degrees counterclockwise, included 221 rows and 169 columns with a square cell size of 492.1 ft in the detailed study area that surrounded Rapid City. The northern and southern boundaries for layers 1-4 were represented as no-flow boundaries, and the boundary on the east was represented with head-dependent flow cells. Streamflow recharge was represented with specified-flow cells, and areal recharge to layers 1-4 was represented with a specified-flux boundary. Calibration of the model was accomplished by two simulations: (1) steady-state simulation of average conditions for water years 1988-97 and (2) transient simulations of water years 1988-97 divided into twenty 6-month stress periods.\r\n\r\nFlow-system components represented in the model include recharge, discharge, and hydraulic properties. The steady-state streamflow recharge rate was 42.2 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), and transient streamflow recharge rates ranged from 14.1 to 102.2 ft3/s. The steady-state areal recharge rate was 20.9 ft3/s, and transient areal recharge rates ranged from 1.1 to 98.4 ft3/s. The upward flow rate from the Deadwood aquifer to the Madison hydrogeologic unit was 6.3 ft3/s. Discharge included springflow, water use, flow to overlying units, and regional outflow. The estimated steady-state springflow of 32.8 ft3/s from seven springs was similar to the simulated springflow of 31.6 ft3/s, which included 20.5 ft3","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095205","isbn":"9781411325982","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Rapid City","usgsCitation":"Putnam, L.D., and Long, A.J., 2009, Numerical groundwater-flow model of the Minnelusa and Madison hydrogeologic units in the Rapid City area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5205, viii, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095205.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5205.jpg"},{"id":13109,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Rapid City","otherGeospatial":"Madison hydrogeologic unit, Minnelusa unit","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.58333333333333,43.833333333333336 ], [ -103.58333333333333,44.416666666666664 ], [ -102.75,44.416666666666664 ], [ -102.75,43.833333333333336 ], [ -103.58333333333333,43.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db5465e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97940,"text":"ds456 - 2009 - Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"ds456","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"456","title":"Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer is an important water source for irrigated agriculture and domestic supplies in northeastern Colorado. To address the needs of Colorado's Groundwater Protection Program, the U.S. Geological Survey designed and installed a groundwater monitoring-well network in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Agriculture in 2008 to characterize water quality in the High Plains aquifer underlying areas of irrigated agriculture in eastern Colorado. A 30-well network was designed to provide for statistical representation of water-quality conditions by using a computerized technique to generate randomly distributed potential groundwater sampling sites based on aquifer extent, extent of irrigated agricultural land, depth to water from land surface, and saturated thickness. Twenty of the 30 sites were selected for well installation, and wells were drilled and installed during the period June-September 2008. Lithologic logs and well-construction reports were prepared for each well, and wells were developed after drilling to remove mud and foreign material to provide for good hydraulic connection between the well and aquifer. Documentation of the well-network design, site selection, lithologic logs, well-construction diagrams, and well-development records is presented in this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds456","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L.R., Flynn, J., and Paschke, S., 2009, Design and Installation of a Groundwater Monitoring-Well Network in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 456, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds456.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_456.jpg"},{"id":13112,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/456/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -102,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, J.L.","contributorId":39889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paschke, S.S.","contributorId":76423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}