Hydraulic testing has revealed dramatic underpressures in Paleozoic shales and carbonates at the Bruce nuclear site in Ontario. Although evidence from both laboratory and field studies suggests that a small amount of gas-phase methane could be present in the shale, previous studies examining causal linkages between the gas phase and the underpressure have been inconclusive. To better elucidate processes in such a system, we used a highly simplified 1D representation of the site to test, by using iTOUGH2-EOS7C, the effects of various factors on the evolution of gas-phase methane and pressures within the system. Heterogeneity was represented by three stratigraphic regions with slightly different capillary pressure characteristics and, in one case, three thin distinct zones with very different characteristics. Underpressure occurred only when gas pressures set as an initial condition required it, and even in this case it was geologically short-lived. We conclude that the presence of multiple fluid phases is unlikely to explain the underpressure at the site; we suggest that the influence of gas-phase methane on porewater flow is minimal. This is consistent with prior conceptualizations of the underpressured section as a thick aquiclude, in which solute transport occurs extremely slowly, bounded by aquifers of significantly higher permeability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP482.5","usgsCitation":"Plampin, M.R., and Neuzil, C.E., 2018, Multiphase flow and underpressured shale at the Bruce nuclear site, Ontario, Canada: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 482, p. 101-114, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP482.5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-092568","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp482.5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JQ107B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"iTOUGH2-EOS7C model used to analyze multiphase flow and underpressured shale at the Bruce Nuclear Site, Ontario, Canada"},{"id":357198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","volume":"482","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a263e4b0702d0e842e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plampin, Michelle R. 0000-0003-4068-5801 mplampin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-5801","contributorId":204983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plampin","given":"Michelle","email":"mplampin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198854,"text":"cir1447 - 2018 - U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:35:36","indexId":"cir1447","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-10T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1447","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2018","title":"U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2018","docAbstract":"USGS scientists provide scientific information and options that land and resource managers and private industries can use to make decisions regarding the development of energy resources while protecting the health of ecosystems. Studies focus on delivering information to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the impacts of energy infrastructure on fish and wildlife. USGS scientists are currently developing mapping tools and models that identify areas of biological strengths and weaknesses or high- and low-quality habitat and can identify opportunities for conservation—areas of high-quality habitat where energy-generating potential is low—and areas of potential risk—areas of high-quality habitat where energy-generating potential is high. These tools can assist resource managers and the industry concerning siting of energy development and selection of off-site mitigation areas. Scientific efforts, such as these, further the understanding of impacts related to energy development and create workable solutions. The three goals guiding USGS activities related to the interactions between wildlife and energy development are to understand risks by identifying when, where, and how fish and wildlife share space with energy facilities, measure direct and indirect impacts to species, and inform feasible and cost-effective solutions to minimize impacts through technological fixes, management, and mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1447","isbn":"978-1-4113-4257-6","collaboration":" ","usgsCitation":"Khalil, Mona, ed., 2018, U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2018 (ver. 1.1, October 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1447, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1447.","productDescription":"v, 101 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-099243","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357117,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1447/cir1447.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1447"},{"id":357956,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1447/versionHist.txt","size":"1.32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":357116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1447/coverthb4.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.1: October 2018; Version 1.0: September 2018","contact":"Energy and Wildlife Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem extends across a large portion of the Western United States, and the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is one of the iconic species of this ecosystem. Greater sage-grouse populations occur in 11 States and are dependent on relatively large expanses of sagebrush-dominated habitat. Sage-grouse populations have been experiencing long-term declines owing to multiple stressors, including interactions among fire, exotic plant invasions, and human land uses, which have resulted in significant loss, fragmentation, and degradation of landscapes once dominated by sagebrush. In addition to the sage-grouse, over 350 species of plants and animals are dependent on the sagebrush ecosystem.
Increasing knowledge about how these species and the sagebrush ecosystem respond to these stressors and to management actions can inform and improve strategies to maintain existing areas of intact sagebrush and restore degraded landscapes. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a broad research program focused on providing the science needed to inform these strategies and to help land and resource managers at the Federal, State, Tribal, and local levels as they work towards sustainable sage-grouse populations and restored landscapes for the broad range of uses critical to stakeholders in the Western United States.
USGS science has provided a foundation for major land and resource management decisions including those that precluded the need to list the greater sage-grouse under the Endangered Species Act. The USGS is continuing to build on that foundation to inform science-based decisions to help support local economies and the continued conservation, management, and restoration of the sagebrush ecosystem.
This report contains descriptions of USGS sage-grouse and sagebrush ecosystem research projects that are ongoing or were active during 2018 and is organized into five thematic areas: Fire, Invasive Species, Restoration, Sagebrush, Sage-Grouse, and Other Sagebrush-Associated Species; and Climate and Weather.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1446","isbn":"978-1-4113-4526-9","usgsCitation":"Hanser, S.E., ed., 2018, U.S. Geological Survey sage-grouse and sagebrush ecosystem research annual report for 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1446, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1446.","productDescription":"iv, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-098865","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356725,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1446/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":356726,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1446/cir1446.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1446"}],"contact":"Sage-Grouse and Sagebrush Ecosystem Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 301
Reston, VA 20192
Unionid mussels are ecologically important and are globally imperiled. Toxicants contribute to mussel declines, and toxicity tests using juvenile mussels—a sensitive life stage—are valuable in determining thresholds used to set water quality criteria. In vitro culture methods provide an efficient way to propagate juveniles for toxicity testing, but their relative chemical sensitivity compared with in vivo propagated juveniles is unknown. Current testing guidelines caution against using in vitro cultured juveniles until this sensitivity is described. Our objective was to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juvenile mussels produced from both in vitro and in vivo propagation methods to selected chemicals. We conducted 96-h acute toxicity tests according to ASTM International guidelines with 3 mussel species and 6 toxicants: chloride, nickel, ammonia, and 3 copper-based compounds. Statistically significant differences between in vitro and in vivo juvenile 96-h median effect concentrations were observed in 8 of 17 tests, and in vitro juveniles were more sensitive in 6 of the 8 significant differences. At 96 h, 4 of the 8 statistically different tests for a given chemical were within a factor of 2, which is the intralaboratory variation demonstrated in a recent evaluation of mussel toxicity tests. We found that although differences in chemical sensitivity exist between in vitro and in vivo propagated juvenile mussels, they are within normal toxicity test variation. Therefore, in vitro propagated juvenile mussels may be appropriate for use in ASTM International-based toxicity testing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Cehmistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.4270","usgsCitation":"Popp, A., Cope, W., McGregor, M., Kwak, T.J., Augspurger, T., Levine, J.F., and Koch, L., 2018, A comparison of the chemical sensitivities between in vitro and in vivo propagated juvenile freshwater mussels: Implications for standard toxicity testing: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 37, no. 12, p. 3077-3085, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4270.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3077","endPage":"3085","ipdsId":"IP-100193","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Popp, A.","contributorId":263409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Popp","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W. G.","contributorId":263410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cope","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGregor, M.A.","contributorId":263412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGregor","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":53972,"text":"Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Levine, Jay F.","contributorId":80902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levine","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koch, L.","contributorId":263415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70199175,"text":"70199175 - 2018 - Approaches for improving field soil identification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-09T20:22:08","indexId":"70199175","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-09T20:22:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches for improving field soil identification","docAbstract":"Use of soil survey information by non-soil-scientists is often limited by their inability to select the correct soil map unit component (COMP). Here, we developed two approaches that can be deployed to smartphones for non-soil-scientists to identify COMP from the location alone or location together with easily observed field data (i.e., slope, depth to the restrictive layer, and soil texture by depth). In addition, we also compared the two newly developed approaches with a traditional approach identifying COMP based on the dominant COMP (DC-based approach). All three approaches were tested with the Rapid Assessment of US Soil Carbon database and the combined USDA- NRCS Soil Survey Geographic database and the USDA-NRCS State Soil Geographic Database. The results indicated that the observation-based approach performed significantly better than the other two approaches, suggesting that a small set of easy-to-measure site-specific observations could significantly improve COMP identification. The location- and DC-based approaches had similar low performance overall. However, the location-based approach slightly improved identifications over the DC-based approach for cases where (i) there were multiple possible components within the soil map unit and (ii) the components were located in close proximity to a boundary of a different soil map unit polygon. The benefit of using the location-based approach may be greater in specific soil survey areas where topography was the major factor leading to the creation of the map unit legend.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2017.09.0337","usgsCitation":"Fan, Z., Wills, S.A., Herrick, J.E., Nauman, T.W., Brungard, C.W., Beaudette, D.E., Levi, M.R., and O’Geen, A.T., 2018, Approaches for improving field soil identification: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 82, no. 4, p. 871-877, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.09.0337.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"877","ipdsId":"IP-091477","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a263e4b0702d0e842e56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Zhaosheng","contributorId":199104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fan","given":"Zhaosheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wills, Skye A.","contributorId":207736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wills","given":"Skye","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37616,"text":"USDA-NRCS National Soil Survey Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrick, Jeffrey E.","contributorId":26054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12627,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nauman, Travis W. 0000-0001-8004-0608 tnauman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0608","contributorId":169241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Travis","email":"tnauman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brungard, Colby W.","contributorId":207737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brungard","given":"Colby","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37617,"text":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beaudette, Dylan E.","contributorId":207738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudette","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37618,"text":"USDA-NRCS Soil Survey Division, Sonora, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Levi, Matthew R.","contributorId":207739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levi","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37619,"text":"USDA- ARS Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Geen, Anthony T.","contributorId":207740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Geen","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37041,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70199176,"text":"70199176 - 2018 - Soil property and class maps of the conterminous United States at 100-meter spatial resolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-09T20:20:06","indexId":"70199176","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-09T20:16:58","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil property and class maps of the conterminous United States at 100-meter spatial resolution","docAbstract":"With growing concern for the depletion of soil resources, conventional soil maps need to be updated and provided at finer and finer resolutions to be able to support spatially explicit human–landscape models. Three US soil point datasets—the National Cooperative Soil Survey Characterization Database, the National Soil Information System, and the Rapid Carbon Assessment dataset—were combined with a stack of over 200 environmental datasets and gSSURGO polygon maps to generate complete coverage gridded predictions at 100-m spatial resolution of six soil properties (percentage of organic C, total N, bulk density, pH, and percentage of sand and clay) and two US soil taxonomic classes (291 great groups [GGs] and 78 modified particle size classes [mPSCs]) for the conterminous United States. Models were built using parallelized random forest and gradient boosting algorithms as implemented in the ranger and xgboost packages for R. Soil property predictions were generated at seven standard soil depths (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 100, and 200 cm). Prediction probability maps for US soil taxonomic classifications were also generated. Cross validation results indicated an out-of-bag classification accuracy of 60% for GGs and 66% for mPSCs; for soil properties, RMSE for leave-location-out cross-validation was 0.74 (R2 = 0.68), 17.8 wt% (R2 = 0.57), 12 wt% (R2 = 0.46), 3.63 wt% (R2 = 0.41), 0.2 g cm−3 (R2 = 0.42), and 0.27 wt% (R2 = 0.39) for pH, percent sand and clay, weight percentage of organic C, bulk density, and weight percentage of total N, respectively. Nine independent validation datasets were used to assess prediction accuracies for soil class models, and results ranged between 24 and 58% and between 24 and 93% for GG and mPSC prediction accuracies, respectively. Although mapping accuracies were variable and likely lower than gSSURGO in some areas, this modeling approach can enable easier integration of soil information with spatially explicit models compared with multicomponent map units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2017.04.0122","usgsCitation":"Ramcharan, A., Hengl, T., Nauman, T.W., Brungard, C.W., Waltman, S., Wills, S.A., and Thompson, J., 2018, Soil property and class maps of the conterminous United States at 100-meter spatial resolution: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 82, no. 1, p. 186-201, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.04.0122.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"201","ipdsId":"IP-086724","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.04.0122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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University Park, PA 16802","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hengl, Tomislav","contributorId":207742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hengl","given":"Tomislav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37621,"text":"ISRIC—World Soil Information Wageningen, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nauman, Travis W. 0000-0001-8004-0608 tnauman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-0608","contributorId":169241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Travis","email":"tnauman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brungard, Colby W.","contributorId":207737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brungard","given":"Colby","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37617,"text":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waltman, Sharon","contributorId":192099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waltman","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wills, Skye A.","contributorId":207736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wills","given":"Skye","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37616,"text":"USDA-NRCS National Soil Survey Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, James","contributorId":83806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70199177,"text":"70199177 - 2018 - Reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts are mitigated by shifts in nitrogen cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T16:53:07","indexId":"70199177","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-09T20:08:09","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3090,"text":"Plant, Cell & Environment","onlineIssn":"1365-3040","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts are mitigated by shifts in nitrogen cycling","docAbstract":"Climate warming should result in hotter droughts of unprecedented severity in this century. Such droughts have been linked with massive tree mortality, and data suggest that warming interacts with drought to aggravate plant performance. Yet how forests will respond to hotter droughts remains unclear, as does the suite of mechanisms trees use to deal with hot droughts. We used an ecosystem‐scale manipulation of precipitation and temperature on piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) trees to investigate nitrogen (N) cycling‐induced mitigation processes related to hotter droughts. We found that while negative impacts on plant carbon and water balance are manifest after prolonged drought, performance reductions were not amplified by warmer temperatures. Rather, increased temperatures for 5 years stimulated soil N cycling under piñon trees and modified tree N allocation for both species, resulting in mitigation of hotter drought impacts on tree water and carbon functions. These findings suggest that adjustments in N cycling are likely after multi‐year warming conditions and that such changes may buffer reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts. The results highlight our incomplete understanding of trees' ability to acclimate to climate change, raising fundamental questions about the resistance potential of forests to long‐term, compound climatic stresses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/pce.13389","usgsCitation":"Grossiord, C., Gessler, A., Reed, S.C., Borrego, I., Collins, A.D., Dickman, L.T., Ryan, M., Schonbeck, L., Sevanto, S., Vilagroso, A., and McDowell, N.G., 2018, Reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts are mitigated by shifts in nitrogen cycling: Plant, Cell & Environment, v. 41, no. 11, p. 2627-2637, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13389.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2627","endPage":"2637","ipdsId":"IP-092543","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13389","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a264e4b0702d0e842e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossiord, Charlotte","contributorId":207749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossiord","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37625,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gessler, Arthur","contributorId":199448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gessler","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borrego, Isaac","contributorId":207748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borrego","given":"Isaac","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37625,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, Adam D.","contributorId":199440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dickman, Lee T.","contributorId":207747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickman","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37625,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryan, Max","contributorId":207746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37625,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schonbeck, Leonie","contributorId":207745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schonbeck","given":"Leonie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37624,"text":"Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sevanto, Sanna","contributorId":150845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sevanto","given":"Sanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vilagroso, Alberto","contributorId":207744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilagroso","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37623,"text":"Fundación CEAM, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante – CEAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McDowell, Nate G.","contributorId":207743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nate","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37622,"text":"Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70199178,"text":"70199178 - 2018 - Biocrusts enhance soil fertility and Bromus tectorum growth, and interact with warming to influence germination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:05:49","indexId":"70199178","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-09T20:04:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Biocrusts enhance soil fertility and Bromus tectorum growth, and interact with warming to influence germination","title":"Biocrusts enhance soil fertility and Bromus tectorum growth, and interact with warming to influence germination","docAbstract":"Background and aims
Biocrusts are communities of cyanobacteria, mosses, and/or lichens found in drylands worldwide. Biocrusts are proposed to enhance soil fertility and productivity, but simultaneously act as a barrier to the invasive grass, Bromus tectorum, in western North America. Both biocrusts and B. tectorum are sensitive to climate change drivers, yet how their responses might interact to affect dryland ecosystems is unclear.
Methods
Using mesocosms with bare soil versus biocrust cover, we germinated B. tectorum seeds collected from warmed, warmed + watered, and ambient temperature plots within a long-term climate change experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We characterized biocrust influences on soil fertility and grass germination, morphology, and chemistry.
Results
Biocrusts increased soil fertility and B. tectorum biomass, specific leaf area (SLA), and root:shoot ratios. Germination rates were unaffected by mesocosm cover-type. Biocrusts delayed germination timing while also interacting with the warmed treatment to advance, and with the warmed + watered treatment to delay germination.
Conclusions
Biocrusts promoted B. tectorum growth, likely through positive influence on soil fertility which was elevated in biocrust mesocosms, and interacted with seed treatment-provenance to affect germination. Understanding how anticipated losses of biocrusts will affect invasion dynamics will require further investigation of how plant plasticity/adaptation to specific climate drivers interact with soil and biocrust properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-017-3525-1","usgsCitation":"Ferrenberg, S., Faist, A.M., Howell, A.J., and Reed, S.C., 2018, Biocrusts enhance soil fertility and Bromus tectorum growth, and interact with warming to influence germination: Plant and Soil, v. 429, no. 1-2, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3525-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","ipdsId":"IP-092574","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","volume":"429","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a264e4b0702d0e842e5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrenberg, Scott 0000-0002-3542-0334 sferrenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-0334","contributorId":147684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrenberg","given":"Scott","email":"sferrenberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faist, Akasha M.","contributorId":193038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faist","given":"Akasha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, Armin J. 0000-0003-1243-0238 ahowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-0238","contributorId":196798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Armin","email":"ahowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199179,"text":"70199179 - 2018 - Long-term evolution of sand transport through a river network: Relative influences of a dam versus natural changes in grain size from sand waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:17:27","indexId":"70199179","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-09T19:59:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term evolution of sand transport through a river network: Relative influences of a dam versus natural changes in grain size from sand waves","docAbstract":"Temporal and spatial nonuniformity in supplies of water and sand in a river network leads to sand transport that is in local disequilibrium with the upstream sand supply. In such river networks, sand is transported downstream as elongating waves in which coupled changes in grain size and transport occur. Depending on the magnitude of each sand‐supplying event and the interval between such events, changes in bed‐sand grain size associated with sand‐wave passage may more strongly regulate sand transport than do changes in water discharge. When sand transport is controlled more by episodic resupply of sand than by discharge, upstream dam construction may exacerbate or mitigate sand‐transport disequilibria, thus leading to complicated and difficult‐to‐predict patterns of deposition and erosion. We analyzed all historical sediment‐transport data and embarked on a 4‐year program of continuous sediment‐transport measurements to describe disequilibrium sand transport in a river network. Results indicate that sand transport in long river segments can evolve over ≥50‐year timescales following rare large sand‐supplying events. These natural changes in sand transport in distal downstream river segments can be larger than those caused by an upstream dam. Because there is no way to know a priori whether sand transport in a river has changed in response to changes in the upstream sand supply, contemporary continuous measurements of sand transport are required for accurate sand loads and budgeting. Analysis of only historical sediment‐transport measurements, as is common in the literature, may lead to incorrect conclusions with respect to current or future sediment‐transport conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2017JF004534","usgsCitation":"Topping, D.J., Mueller, E., Schmidt, J.C., Griffiths, R.E., Dean, D.J., and Grams, P.E., 2018, Long-term evolution of sand transport through a river network: Relative influences of a dam versus natural changes in grain size from sand waves: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 123, no. 8, p. 1879-1909, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JF004534.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1879","endPage":"1909","ipdsId":"IP-085261","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jf004534","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a264e4b0702d0e842e5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":140985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":207750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich R.","affiliations":[{"id":37626,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, John C.","contributorId":207751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37627,"text":"Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald E. 0000-0003-3620-2926 rgriffiths@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-2926","contributorId":162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"rgriffiths@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dean, David J. 0000-0003-0203-088X djdean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-088X","contributorId":131047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"David","email":"djdean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199150,"text":"70199150 - 2018 - KG²B, a collaborative benchmarking exercise for estimating the permeability of the Grimsel granodiorite - Part 1: measurements, pressure dependence and pore-fluid effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-07T16:06:00","indexId":"70199150","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T16:05:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"KG²B, a collaborative benchmarking exercise for estimating the permeability of the Grimsel granodiorite - Part 1: measurements, pressure dependence and pore-fluid effects","docAbstract":"Measuring the permeability of tight rocks remains a challenging task. In addition to the traditional sources of errors that affect more permeable formations (e.g. sample selection, non-representative specimens, disturbance introduced during sample acquisition and preparation), tight rocks can be particularly prone to solid–fluid interactions and thus more sensitive to the methods, procedures and techniques used to measure permeability. To address this problem, it is desirable to collect, for a single material, measurements obtained by different methods and pore-fluids. For that purpose a collaborative benchmarking exercise involving 24 laboratories was organized for measuring the permeability of a single low permeability material, the Grimsel granodiorite, at a common effective confining pressure (5 MPa). The objectives of the benchmark were: (i) to compare the results for a given method, (ii) to compare the results between different methods, (iii) to analyze the accuracy of each method, (iv) to study the influence of experimental conditions (especially the nature of pore fluid), (v) to discuss the relevance of indirect methods and models and finally (vi) to suggest good practice for low permeability measurements. In total 39 measurements were collected that allowed us to discuss the influence of (i) pore-fluid, (ii) measurement method, (iii) sample size and (iv) pressure sensitivity. Discarding some outliers from the bulk data set (4 out of 39) an average permeability of 1.11 × 10−18 m² with a standard deviation of 0.57 × 10−18 m² was obtained. The most striking result was the large difference in permeability for gas measurements compared to liquid measurements. Regardless of the method used, gas permeability was higher than liquid permeability by a factor approximately 2 (kgas = 1.28 × 10−18 m² compared to kliquid = 0.65 × 10−18 m²). Possible explanations are that (i) liquid permeability was underestimated due to fluid-rock interactions (ii) gas permeability was overestimated due to insufficient correction for gas slippage and/or (iii) gases and liquids do not probe exactly the same porous networks. The analysis of Knudsen numbers shows that the gas permeability measurements were performed in conditions for which the Klinkenberg correction is sufficient. Smaller samples had a larger scatter of permeability values, suggesting that their volume were below the Representative Elementary Volume. The pressure dependence of permeability was studied by some of the participating teams in the range 1–30 MPa and could be fitted to an exponential law k = ko.exp(–γPeff) with γ = 0.093 MPa−1. Good practice rules for measuring permeability in tight materials are also provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggy304","usgsCitation":"David, C., Wasserman, J., Amann, F., Lockner, D.A., Rutter, E., Vanorio, T., Amann Hildenbrand, A., Billiotte, J., Reuschle, T., Lasseux, D., Fortin, J., Lenormand, R., Selvadurai, A., Meredith, P., Browning, J., Mitchell, T., Loggia, D., Nono, F., Sarout, J., Esteban, L., Davy, C., Louis, L., Boitnott, G., Madonna, C., Jahns, E., M., F., Berthe, G., Delage, P., Braun, P., Gregoire, D., Perrier, L., Polito, P., Jannot, Y., Sommier, A., Krooss, B., Fink, R., Hu, Q., Klaver, J., and Clark, A., 2018, KG²B, a collaborative benchmarking exercise for estimating the permeability of the Grimsel granodiorite - Part 1: measurements, pressure dependence and pore-fluid effects: Geophysical Journal International, v. 215, no. 2, p. 799-824, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy304.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"799","endPage":"824","ipdsId":"IP-093306","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy304","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"215","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a265e4b0702d0e842e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"David, Christian","contributorId":207604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37570,"text":"Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Laboratoire GEC, Cergy-Pontoise, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wasserman, 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We collected data in situ at individual wetlands, and via satellite for surrounding 4-km2 landscape blocks, to assess relations between annual weather dynamics, snow duration, phenology, wetland surface-water availability, amphibian presence and calling activity, greenness, and evapotranspiration in four U.S. conservation areas from 2008 to 2012. Amid recent decades of relatively warm growing seasons, 2012 and 2010 were the first and second warmest seasons, respectively, dating back to 1895. Accordingly, we observed the earliest starts of springtime biological activity during those two years. In all years, early-season amphibians first called soon after daily mean air temperatures were ≥ 0°C and snow had mostly melted. Similarly, satellite-based indicators suggested seasonal leaf-out happened soon after snowmelt and temperature thresholds for plant growth had occurred. Daily fluctuations in weather and water levels were related to amphibian calling activity, including decoupling the timing of the onset of calling at the start of season from the onset of calling events later in the season. Within-season variation in temperature and precipitation also was related to vegetation greenness and evapotranspiration, but more at monthly and seasonal scales. Wetland water levels were moderately to strongly associated with precipitation and early or intermittent wetland drying likely reduced amphibian reproduction success in some years, even though Pseudacris crucifer occupied sites at consistently high levels. Notably, satellite-based indicators of landscape water availability did not suggest such consequential, intra-seasonal variability in wetland surface-water availability. Our cross-disciplinary data show how temperature and precipitation interacted to affect key ecological relations and outcomes on our study landscapes. These results demonstrate the value of multi-year studies and the importance of scale for understanding actual climate-related effects in these areas.
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and nutrient allocation to eggs in three species of arctic‐nesting geese: Implications for resilience to climate warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T16:53:49","indexId":"70199169","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T15:51:54","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring temperature, migration chronology, and nutrient allocation to eggs in three species of arctic‐nesting geese: Implications for resilience to climate warming","docAbstract":"The macronutrients that Arctic herbivores invest in their offspring are derived from endogenous reserves of fat and protein (capital) that females build prior to the period of investment or from foods they consume concurrently with investment (income). The relative contribution from each source can be influenced by temporal and environmental constraints on a female's ability to forage on Arctic breeding areas. Warming temperatures and advancing Arctic phenology may alter those constraints. From 2011–2014, we examined relationships among spring temperature, timing of migration and reproduction, and the sources of nutrients females deposited in eggs for three sympatric species of geese that nested in northern Alaska. Compared to lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and greater white‐fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis), black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) were more likely to initiate follicle development during migration, resulting in fewer days between their arrival in the Arctic and the onset of incubation, and requiring a relatively greater capital investment in eggs. Delaying follicle development until after their arrival in the Arctic provided snow geese and white‐fronted geese an opportunity to forage near their nesting area and to deposit exogenous nutrients in eggs. With warmer spring temperatures brant invested more capital in eggs but snow geese invested less capital. Brant likely used capital to meet costs associated with earlier onset of follicle development when phenology was advanced, whereas snow geese used capital to compensate for poor foraging conditions during colder Arctic springs. Global warming is likely to reduce the quality of lower‐latitude marine habitats where brant acquire endogenous reserves, and advancing Arctic phenology may increase their reliance on those reserves during reproduction. Near‐term warming in northern Alaska may improve foraging conditions and favor the reproductive strategies of some herbivores such as snow geese and white‐fronted geese that mainly invest Arctic nutrients in their offspring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.14418","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Ward, D.H., Soto, D.X., and Hobson, K.A., 2018, Spring temperature, migration chronology, and nutrient allocation to eggs in three species of arctic‐nesting geese: Implications for resilience to climate warming: Global Change Biology, v. 24, no. 11, p. 5056-5071, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14418.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5056","endPage":"5071","ipdsId":"IP-093873","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76M3643","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Goose Migration and Egg Nutrient Allocation, Colville River Delta, Alaska, 2011-2015"},{"id":357130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a265e4b0702d0e842e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soto, David X.","contributorId":207729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soto","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobson, Keith A.","contributorId":207730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobson","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199170,"text":"70199170 - 2018 - Genetic evidence supports sporadic and independent introductions of subtype H5 low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses from wild birds to domestic poultry in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T16:20:45","indexId":"70199170","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T15:49:02","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic evidence supports sporadic and independent introductions of subtype H5 low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses from wild birds to domestic poultry in North America","docAbstract":"Wild bird–origin influenza A viruses (IAVs or avian influenza) have led to sporadic outbreaks among domestic poultry in the United States (US) and Canada, resulting in economic losses through the implementation of costly containment practices and destruction of birds. We used evolutionary analyses of virus sequence data to determine that 78 H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) isolated from domestic poultry in the US and Canada during 2001–2017 resulted from 18 independent virus introductions from wild birds. Within the wild bird reservoir, the hemagglutinin gene segments of H5 LPAIVs exist primarily as two co-circulating genetic sublineages, and our findings suggest the H5 gene segments flow within each migratory bird flyway and among adjacent flyways, with limited exchange between the non-adjacent Atlantic and Pacific Flyways. Phylogeographic analyses provided evidence that IAVs from dabbling ducks and swans/geese contributed to emergence of viruses among domestic poultry. H5 LPAIVs isolated from commercial farm poultry (i.e. turkey) were descended from a single introduction typically remain a single genotype, whereas those from live bird markets sometimes led to multiple genotypes, reflecting the potential for reassortment with other IAVs circulating within live bird markets. H5 LPAIV introduced from wild birds to domestic poultry represent economic threats to the U.S. poultry industry, and our data suggest that such introductions have been sporadic, controlled effectively through production monitoring and a stamping-out policy, and are, therefore, unlikely to result in sustained detections in commercial poultry operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/JVI.00913-18","usgsCitation":"Li, L., Bowman, A.S., DeLiberto, T., Killian, M.L., Krauss, S., Nolting, J.M., Torchetti, M.K., Ramey, A.M., Reeves, A.B., Stallknecht, D.E., Webby, R.J., and Wan, X., 2018, Genetic evidence supports sporadic and independent introductions of subtype H5 low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses from wild birds to domestic poultry in North America: Journal of Virology, v. 92, no. 19, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00913-18.","productDescription":"e00913-18; 16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-096036","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00913-18","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a265e4b0702d0e842e66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Lei","contributorId":207731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Andrew S.","contributorId":190853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLiberto, Thomas J.","contributorId":139362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Killian, Mary L.","contributorId":29685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Killian","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krauss, Scott","contributorId":190854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krauss","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nolting, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":190855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nolting","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Torchetti, Mia Kim","contributorId":190856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torchetti","given":"Mia","email":"","middleInitial":"Kim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":14323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7125,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Webby, Richard J.","contributorId":190857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webby","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wan, Xiu-Feng","contributorId":173959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wan","given":"Xiu-Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70199171,"text":"70199171 - 2018 - Introduction of Eurasian-origin H8N4 influenza A virus into North America via migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T16:19:13","indexId":"70199171","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T15:45:23","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1493,"text":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction of Eurasian-origin H8N4 influenza A virus into North America via migratory birds","docAbstract":"We identified a Eurasian-origin influenza A(H8N4) virus in North America by sampling wild birds in western Alaska, USA. Evidence for repeated introductions of influenza A viruses into North America by migratory birds suggests that intercontinental dispersal might not be exceedingly rare and that our understanding of viral establishment is incomplete.
","language":"English","publisher":"CDC","doi":"10.3201/eid2410.180447","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Reeves, A.B., Donnelly, T.F., Poulson, R., and Stallknecht, D.E., 2018, Introduction of Eurasian-origin H8N4 influenza A virus into North America via migratory birds: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 24, no. 10, p. 1950-1953, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180447.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1950","endPage":"1953","ipdsId":"IP-096179","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2410.180447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a266e4b0702d0e842e68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donnelly, Tyrone F. tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Tyrone","email":"tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulson, Rebecca L.","contributorId":198807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulson","given":"Rebecca L.","affiliations":[{"id":7125,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":14323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7125,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70201103,"text":"70201103 - 2018 - Impacts of tidal road-stream crossings on aquatic organism passage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T15:11:27","indexId":"70201103","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T15:11:21","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"131-2018","title":"Impacts of tidal road-stream crossings on aquatic organism passage","docAbstract":"ivers and streams are highly vulnerable to fragmentation from roads due to their prevalence in the landscape. Road-stream crossings are far more numerous than other anthropogenic barriers such as dams; these crossing structures (culverts, bridges, fords, and tide gates) have been demonstrated to impede the passage of aquatic organisms. However, road-stream crossings vary widely in the extent to which they serve as a barrier. It is important to identify barrier severity to facilitate prioritization of restoration activities, since proactively addressing all structures is not feasible. In 2015 the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Collaborative (LCC) funded a project managed by the North Atlantic Aquatic Connectivity Cooperative (NAACC) to develop a unified protocol for assessing aquatic road-stream crossings focusing on aquatic connectivity. The NAACC relied on rapid field-based assessments, which have been shown to be a useful tool for gathering information necessary for prioritization. However, the rapid assessment protocol developed from the NAACC initiative is not applicable to tidal crossings as it does not address two-directional flow, daily water depth fluctuations, or many of the species likely present in coastal habitats.
The goal of this report is to provide the background necessary to create guidelines and rapid assessment tools for assessing risk posed to aquatic organism passage at tidal crossings. To accomplish these goals, this report identifies species present in tidally influenced coastal wetlands, the unique traits they may display that puts them at risk for detrimental impact from impeded passage, and passage threats unique to tidal crossings that are not addressed by protocols designed for non-tidal systems. Species lists were compiled through literature reviews and discussions with regional researchers and managers familiar with coastal ecosystems or fish passage concerns. Life history traits, environmental sensitivities, and movement patterns for each species were compiled to build a database that can be queried to identify species that are highly vulnerable to impeded passage at tidal crossings (Available at: https://umass.box.com/s/w5mhokxjxshyxmr7si2v0gzcypcitu9d). These risk factors for species, combined with passage threats associated with specific crossing characteristics are discussed in this report. The species list is thorough enough to provide a baseline summary of the types of threats experienced by aquatic organisms at tidal road-stream crossings, but it is not exhaustive. Unique ecosystems, species assemblages, management goals, and prioritization models may require different approaches and solutions. Thus, care must be taken to ensure that assessment tools are appropriate to a project’s target species, habitats, and scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Becker, S., Jackson, S., Jordaan, A., and Roy, A.H., 2018, Impacts of tidal road-stream crossings on aquatic organism passage: Cooperator Science Series 131-2018, ii, 57 p.","productDescription":"ii, 57 p.","ipdsId":"IP-090405","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/document/id/2238/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0108d5e4b0815414cc2dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Sarah","contributorId":210890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Scott","contributorId":210891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":210892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199160,"text":"70199160 - 2018 - Spatially explicit patterns in a dryland's soil respiration and relationships with climate, whole plant photosynthesis and soil fertility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-07T13:53:51","indexId":"70199160","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T13:53:47","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially explicit patterns in a dryland's soil respiration and relationships with climate, whole plant photosynthesis and soil fertility","docAbstract":"Arid and semiarid ecosystems play a significant role in regulating global carbon cycling, yet our understanding of the controls over the dominant pathways of dryland CO2exchange remains poor. Substantial amounts of dryland soil are not covered by vascular plants and this patchiness in cover has important implications for spatial patterns and controls of carbon cycling. Spatial variation in soil respiration has been attributed to variation in soil moisture, temperature, nutrients and rhizodeposition, while seasonal patterns have been attributed to changes in moisture, temperature and photosynthetic inputs belowground. To characterize how controls over respiration vary spatially and temporally in a dryland ecosystem and to concurrently explore multiple potential controls, we estimated whole plant net photosynthesis (Anet) and soil respiration at four distances from the plant base, as well as corresponding fine root biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen pools, four times during a growing season. To determine if the controls vary between different plant functional types for Colorado Plateau species, measurements were made on the C4 shrub, Atriplex confertifolia, and C3 grass, Achnatherum hymenoides. Soil respiration declined throughout the growing season and diminished with distance from the plant base, though variations in both were much smaller than expected. The strongest relationship was between soil respiration and soil moisture. Soil respiration was correlated with whole plant Anet, although the relationship varied between species and distance from plant base. In the especially dry year of this study we did not observe any consistent correlations between soil respiration and soil carbon or nitrogen pools. Our findings suggest that abiotic factors, especially soil moisture, strongly regulate the response of soil respiration to biotic factors and soil carbon and nitrogen pools in dryland communities and, at least in dry years, may override expected spatial and seasonal patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/oik.04935","usgsCitation":"Wertin, T.M., Young, K.E., and Reed, S.C., 2018, Spatially explicit patterns in a dryland's soil respiration and relationships with climate, whole plant photosynthesis and soil fertility: Oikos, v. 127, no. 9, p. 1280-1290, https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.04935.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1280","endPage":"1290","ipdsId":"IP-096157","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a266e4b0702d0e842e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wertin, Timothy M.","contributorId":207719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wertin","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37615,"text":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Kristina E. kyoung@usgs.gov","contributorId":5842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Kristina","email":"kyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":744484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201607,"text":"70201607 - 2018 - Advantages and limitations to the use of optical measurements to study sediment properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T08:25:45","indexId":"70201607","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T13:53:45","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5797,"text":"MDPI - Applied Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advantages and limitations to the use of optical measurements to study sediment properties","docAbstract":"Measurements of optical properties have been used for decades to study particle distributions in the ocean. They are useful for estimating suspended mass concentration as well as particle-related properties such as size, composition, packing (particle porosity or density), and settling velocity. Measurements of optical properties are, however, biased, as certain particles, because of their size, composition, shape, or packing, contribute to a specific property more than others. Here, we study this issue both theoretically and practically, and we examine different optical properties collected simultaneously in a bottom boundary layer to highlight the utility of such measurements. We show that the biases we are likely to encounter using different optical properties can aid our studies of suspended sediment. In particular, we investigate inferences of settling velocity from vertical profiles of optical measurements, finding that the effects of aggregation dynamics can seldom be ignored.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/app8122692","usgsCitation":"Boss, E., Sherwood, C.R., Hill, P., and Milligan, T., 2018, Advantages and limitations to the use of optical measurements to study sediment properties: MDPI - Applied Sciences, v. 8, no. 12, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122692.","productDescription":"Article 2692; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-101408","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122692","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1a1533e4b0708288c23532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boss, Emmanuel","contributorId":211608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boss","given":"Emmanuel","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Paul","contributorId":211609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38273,"text":"Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milligan, Tim","contributorId":211610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milligan","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38273,"text":"Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201135,"text":"70201135 - 2018 - Patterns of host-associated fecal indicators driven by hydrology, precipitation, and land use attributes in Great Lakes watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:40:21","indexId":"70201135","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T10:40:14","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of host-associated fecal indicators driven by hydrology, precipitation, and land use attributes in Great Lakes watersheds","docAbstract":"Fecal contamination from sewage and agricultural runoff is a pervasive problem in Great Lakes watersheds. Most work examining fecal pollution loads relies on discrete samples of fecal indicators and modeling land use. In this study, we made empirical measurements of human and ruminant-associated fecal indicator bacteria and combined these with hydrological measurements in eight watersheds ranging from predominantly forested to highly urbanized. Flow composited river samples were collected over low-flow (n = 89) and rainfall or snowmelt runoff events (n = 130). Approximately 90% of samples had evidence of human fecal pollution, with highest loads from urban watersheds. Ruminant indicators were found in ∼60–100% of runoff-event samples in agricultural watersheds, with concentrations and loads related to cattle density. Rain depth, season, agricultural tile drainage, and human or cattle density explained variability in daily flux of human or ruminant indicators. Mapping host-associated indicator loads to watershed discharge points sheds light on the type, level, and possible health risk from fecal pollution entering the Great Lakes and can inform total maximum daily load implementation and other management practices to target specific fecal pollution sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.8b01945","usgsCitation":"Dila, D.K., Corsi, S., Lenaker, P.L., Baldwin, A.K., Bootsma, M.J., and McLellan, S.L., 2018, Patterns of host-associated fecal indicators driven by hydrology, precipitation, and land use attributes in Great Lakes watersheds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 52, no. 20, p. 11500-11509, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01945.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11500","endPage":"11509","ipdsId":"IP-084279","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6437017","text":"External Repository"},{"id":437765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VX0DRH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Regression models and associated data for describing variability of host specific bacteria fluxes in eight Great Lakes tributaries, 2011-2013"},{"id":359866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c064ee3e4b0815414cecb0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dila, Deborah K.","contributorId":210966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dila","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. 0000-0003-0583-5536 srcorsi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-5536","contributorId":172002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenaker, Peter L. 0000-0002-9469-6285 plenaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-6285","contributorId":5572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenaker","given":"Peter","email":"plenaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bootsma, Melinda J.","contributorId":210967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bootsma","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLellan, Sandra L. 0000-0003-3283-1151","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-1151","contributorId":210968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLellan","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201057,"text":"70201057 - 2018 - Drought and land-cover conditions in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:14:50","indexId":"70201057","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T10:14:45","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought and land-cover conditions in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Land–atmosphere interactions play a critical role in the Earth system, and a better understanding of these interactions could improve weather and climate models. The interaction among drought, vegetation productivity, and land cover is of particular significance. In a semiarid environment, such as the U.S. Great Plains, droughts can have a large influence on the productivity of agriculture and grasslands, with serious environmental and economic impacts. Here, we used the vegetation drought response index (VegDRI) drought indicator to investigate the response of vegetation to weather and climate for land-cover types in the Great Plains in the United States from 1989 to 2012. We found that analysis that focused on land-cover types within ecoregion divisions provided substantially more and land-cover-based detail on the timing and intensity of drought than did summarizing across the entire Great Plains region. In the northern Great Plains, VegDRI measured more frequent drought impacts on vegetation in the western ecoregions than in the eastern ecoregions. Across the ecoregions of the Great Plains, drought impacts on vegetation were more commonly found in grassland than in cropland. For example, in the “Northwestern Great Plains” ecoregion (which encompasses areas of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska), grassland and nonirrigated cropland were observed in VegDRI to have historical fractional drought coverages in the growing season of 17% and 11%, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/EI-D-17-0025.1","usgsCitation":"Tollerud, H.J., Brown, J.F., Loveland, T., Mahmood, R., and Bliss, N.B., 2018, Drought and land-cover conditions in the Great Plains: Earth Interactions, v. 22, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-17-0025.1.","productDescription":"Paper no. 17; 25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-096098","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-17-0025.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great 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\"}}]}","volume":"22","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfe65e2e4b0815414ca60f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollerud, Heather J. 0000-0001-9507-4456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-4456","contributorId":210820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollerud","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":176609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":202518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":752114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahmood, Rezaul","contributorId":210821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahmood","given":"Rezaul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38153,"text":"Department of Geography and Geology and Kentucky Climate Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241566,"text":"70241566 - 2018 - Spatial sampling bias in the Neotoma paleoecological archives affects species paleo-distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T14:10:11.687985","indexId":"70241566","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T09:08:31","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13627,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spatial sampling bias in the Neotoma paleoecological archives affects species paleo-distribution models","title":"Spatial sampling bias in the Neotoma paleoecological archives affects species paleo-distribution models","docAbstract":"The ability to infer paleo-distributions with limited knowledge of absence makes species distribution modeling (SDM) a useful tool for exploring paleobiogeographic questions. Spatial sampling bias is a known issue when modeling extant species. Here we quantify the spatial sampling bias in a North American packrat midden archive and explore its impact on estimating paleo-distributions. We test whether (1) spatial sampling bias inherent in this macrofossil record can influence estimates of paleo-distributions, (2) this bias can alter the ability to measure shifts in distributions and climatic niche breadth from the Northgrippian subdivision of the Holocene (8.3 ka – 4.2 ka) to present day (1950–2000 yr), and (3) bias correction methods can improve estimates of paleo-distributions and analyses of range shifts and niche breadth. We estimate spatial sampling bias for the mid-Holocene period with a three-stage statistical model, each representing a hypothesized source of bias: fossil site availability, preservation and accessibility. This approach enables the use of SDM to evaluate three separate paleo-distributions calibrated on the packrat midden archive: those without bias correction (σ-naïve), those created with a standard method (σ-standard), and those created with a novel alternative (σ-modeled) incorporating the three-stage model of bias. We find that paleo-distributions modeled for the mid-Holocene without bias correction (σ-naïve) provided poor estimates of hindcast paleo-distributions, and that the σ-modeled correction method improved paleo-distributions for our six species with, on average, 50% higher overlap to hindcast distributions than σ-naïve paleo-distributions (σ-standard results fell between σ-naïve and σ-modeled).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.015","usgsCitation":"Inman, R.D., Franklin, J., Esque, T., and Nussear, K.E., 2018, Spatial sampling bias in the Neotoma paleoecological archives affects species paleo-distribution models: Journal of Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 198, p. 115-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-100974","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9843JFT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial predictions of habitat suitability for present-day (1950 - 2000 yr) and mid-Holocene (8.3 ka - 4.2 ka) time intervals"},{"id":414613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, Richard D. 0000-0002-1982-7791 rdinman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-7791","contributorId":187754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franklin, Janet","contributorId":192373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franklin","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, Todd 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":195896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E.","contributorId":117361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198107,"text":"sir20185087 - 2018 - Tidal flushing of mercury from the Bremerton Naval Complex through the PSNS015 stormwater drain system to Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2011 -12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-07T16:38:05","indexId":"sir20185087","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-07T08:27:21","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5087","title":"Tidal flushing of mercury from the Bremerton Naval Complex through the PSNS015 stormwater drain system to Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2011 -12","docAbstract":"The sediments of Sinclair Inlet, in Puget Sound, Washington, have elevated levels of contaminants including mercury. The Bremerton Naval Complex is adjacent to Sinclair Inlet, and has known areas of historical soil mercury contamination. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, has been investigating the potential for mercury sources on the Bremerton Naval Complex to recontaminate recently remediated marine sediment. In 2011–12, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted three tidal- related sampling campaigns to characterize mercury dynamics in the largest stormwater drain system on the Bremerton Naval Complex, which passes through the soils of an area known as Site 2 that has elevated soil mercury concentrations. The sampling campaigns confirmed that the stormwater drain system, PSNS015, serves as a conduit for seawater transport more than 250 m landward of the contaminated soils that subsequently facilitates mercury transport to Sinclair Inlet.
During the December 2011 reconnaissance sampling campaign, no freshwater source of mercury to PSNS015 was identified. There was heavy precipitation preceding and stormwater runoff generated during the reconnaissance survey, which suggests that the primary source of mercury in PSNS015 is not precipitation-induced. During the May 2012 spring-tide sampling campaign, the water in PSNS015 drained to Sinclair Inlet during a negative low tide, and the highest filtered total mercury concentration in the stormwater drain system (60 ng/L) was measured during the lower-low tide in the freshwater flowing into the seaward-most stormwater drain vault from either up-pipe or local groundwater intrusion. Similar conditions were not observed during the June 2012 companion neap-tide sampling campaign, when the water-level elevation of the positive low tide in Sinclair Inlet dropped only slightly below the stormwater drain vault elevation, the water in the seaward-most stormwater vault was brackish rather than fresh, and the filtered total mercury concentration never exceeded 24 ng/L. Particulate total mercury concentrations and dynamics during the spring- and neap-tide sampling campaigns were variable, with higher concentrations (as much as 133 ng/L) measured throughout the neap-tide study compared to those measured during the spring-tide study (as much as 4.34 ng/L). The highest filtered total mercury concentration of all sampling campaigns (1,140 ng/L) was measured during ebb tide in a nearshore monitoring well that represents groundwater discharging from the contaminated soils directly to Sinclair Inlet along an unwalled part of the shoreline.
The results suggest that mercury extracted from Site 2 soils can be carried to Sinclair Inlet during ebb tides by at least two mechanisms: (1) through groundwater directly to Sinclair Inlet along an unwalled part of the shoreline or (2) through the stormwater drain system when the water level in Sinclair Inlet drops below the water level in the stormwater drain system. The data can be used to guide future modifications to the seawall and stormwater drain system that aim to hydraulically disconnect the stormwater drain system from the surrounding contaminated soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of the Navy","usgsCitation":"Conn, K.E., Paulson, A.J., Dinicola, R.S., and DeWild, J.F., 2018, Tidal flushing of mercury from the Bremerton Naval Complex through the PSNS015 stormwater drain system to Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2011 -12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5087, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185087.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097597","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5087/sir20185087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5087"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County","otherGeospatial":"Sinclair Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.86285400390624,\n 47.43737696208075\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 47.43737696208075\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -122.86285400390624,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -122.86285400390624,\n 47.43737696208075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
Studying habitat overlap between sympatric species is one of the best ways to identify interspecies relationships and to direct conservation efforts so that multiple species can benefit. However, studies exploring interspecies relationships are very limited in Nepal, making it difficult for the government of Nepal and conservation partners to manage wildlife in their habitats, especially in Himalayan protected areas. In this study, we identified habitat overlap between Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens) as well as important habitat types for both species in the Makalu Barun National Park, Nepal using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling. GPS points of species occurrence were collected from the field, and environmental variables were extracted from freely available sources. We found that the study area contained 647 km2 of Asiatic black bear habitat and 443 km2 of the red panda habitat. 368 km2 supported both species, which constituted 57% of the Asiatic black bear habitat and 83% of the red panda habitat. We found that conifer forest was the most important habitat type for both species. Because the largest portions of both species’ habitat were located inside the buffer zone, a peripheral zone of national park, conservation efforts for these sympatric species should be focused inside the buffer zone to be most effective.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0203697","usgsCitation":"Bista, M., Panthi, S., and Weiskopf, S.R., 2018, Habitat overlap between Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus and red panda Ailurus fulgens in Himalaya: PLoS ONE, v. 13, no. 9, e0203697; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203697.","productDescription":"e0203697; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098076","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nepal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 86.66015624999999,\n 27.408347455871425\n ],\n [\n 87.42095947265625,\n 27.408347455871425\n ],\n [\n 87.42095947265625,\n 27.982274659104082\n ],\n [\n 86.66015624999999,\n 27.982274659104082\n ],\n [\n 86.66015624999999,\n 27.408347455871425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a267e4b0702d0e842e6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bista, Manjit","contributorId":207700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bista","given":"Manjit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37609,"text":"Ministry of Forests and Environment, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panthi, Saroj","contributorId":207701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panthi","given":"Saroj","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37610,"text":"Ministry of Forests and Environment, Department of Forests, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiskopf, Sarah R. 0000-0002-5933-8191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-8191","contributorId":207699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskopf","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199147,"text":"70199147 - 2018 - Experimental infection of Tadarida brasiliensis with Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-29T16:53:02.854016","indexId":"70199147","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-06T13:29:13","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5160,"text":"mSphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Experimental infection of Tadarida brasiliensis with Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome","title":"Experimental infection of Tadarida brasiliensis with Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS) is causing significant declines in populations of North American hibernating bats, and recent western and southern expansions of the disease have placed additional species at risk. Understanding differences in species susceptibility and identifying management actions to reduce mortality of bats from WNS are top research priorities. However, the use of wild-caught susceptible bats, such as Myotis lucifugus, as model species for WNS research is problematic and places additional pressure on remnant populations. We investigated the feasibility of using Tadarida brasiliensis, a highly abundant species of bat that tolerates captivity, as the basis for an experimental animal model for WNS. Using methods previously established to confirm the etiology of WNS in M. lucifugus, we experimentally infected 11 T. brasiliensis bats with Pseudogymnoascus destructans in the laboratory under conditions that induced hibernation. We detected P. destructans on all 11 experimentally infected bats, 7 of which exhibited localized proliferation of hyphae within the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, similar to invasive cutaneous ascomycosis observed in M. lucifugusbats with WNS. However, the distribution of lesions across wing membranes of T. brasiliensisbats was limited, and only one discrete “cupping erosion,” diagnostic for WNS, was identified. Thus, the rarity of lesions definitive for WNS suggests that T. brasiliensis does not likely represent an appropriate model for studying the pathophysiology of this disease. Nonetheless, the results of this study prompt questions concerning the potential for free-ranging, migratory T. brasiliensis bats to become infected with P. destructans and move the fungal pathogen between roost sites used by species susceptible to WNS.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/mSphere.00250-18","usgsCitation":"Verant, M., Meteyer, C.U., Stading, B., and Blehert, D.S., 2018, Experimental infection of Tadarida brasiliensis with Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome: mSphere, v. 3, no. 4, e00250-18; 10 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00250-18.","productDescription":"e00250-18; 10 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-097559","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468434,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00250-18","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93WAKH3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a267e4b0702d0e842e70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verant, Michelle 0000-0001-6994-6257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-6257","contributorId":204269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verant","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":127748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stading, Benjamin","contributorId":207602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stading","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":37569,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53706","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217632,"text":"70217632 - 2018 - The 2015 landslide and tsunami in Taan Fiord, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T17:21:13.228908","indexId":"70217632","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-06T07:25:31","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2015 landslide and tsunami in Taan Fiord, Alaska","docAbstract":"Glacial retreat in recent decades has exposed unstable slopes and allowed deep water to extend beneath some of those slopes. Slope failure at the terminus of Tyndall Glacier on 17 October 2015 sent 180 million tons of rock into Taan Fiord, Alaska. The resulting tsunami reached elevations as high as 193 m, one of the highest tsunami runups ever documented worldwide. Precursory deformation began decades before failure, and the event left a distinct sedimentary record, showing that geologic evidence can help understand past occurrences of similar events, and might provide forewarning. The event was detected within hours through automated seismological techniques, which also estimated the mass and direction of the slide - all of which were later confirmed by remote sensing. Our field observations provide a benchmark for modeling landslide and tsunami hazards. Inverse and forward modeling can provide the framework of a detailed understanding of the geologic and hazards implications of similar events. Our results call attention to an indirect effect of climate change that is increasing the frequency and magnitude of natural hazards near glaciated mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-30475-w","usgsCitation":"Higman, B., Shugar, D., Stark, C.P., Ekstrom, G., Koppes, M.N., Lynett, P., Dufresne, A., Haeussler, P., Geertsema, M., Gulick, S., Mattox, A., Venditti, J., Walton, M.A., McCall, N., Mckittrick, E., MacInnes, B., Bilderback, E.L., Tang, H., Willis, M., Richmond, B., Reece, B., Larsen, C.F., Olson, B., Capra, J., Ayca, A., Bloom, C.K., Williams, H., Bonno, D., Weiss, R., Keen, A., Skanavis, V., and Loso, M., 2018, The 2015 landslide and tsunami in Taan Fiord, Alaska: Scientific Reports, v. 8, 12993, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30475-w.","productDescription":"12993, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086124","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30475-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taan Fiord","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.32585164082457,\n 60.10258023840197\n ],\n [\n -141.27707019627314,\n 60.0587199982825\n ],\n [\n -141.1300840015059,\n 60.11697416040775\n ],\n [\n -141.1166049181431,\n 60.18278605978307\n ],\n [\n -141.18400033495777,\n 60.178636775039536\n ],\n [\n -141.32585164082457,\n 60.10258023840197\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higman, Brentwood","contributorId":248377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"Brentwood","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49876,"text":"Ground Truth Trekking","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shugar, Dan H. 0000-0002-6279-8420","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-8420","contributorId":224588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shugar","given":"Dan H.","affiliations":[{"id":40894,"text":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stark, Colin P.","contributorId":224590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stark","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40896,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ekstrom, Goran","contributorId":248378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Goran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49877,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Earth Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koppes, Michele N","contributorId":248379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koppes","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick","contributorId":196027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dufresne, Anja 0000-0001-7777-3317","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-3317","contributorId":244608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufresne","given":"Anja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48946,"text":"Aachen University, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Geertsema, Marten","contributorId":197464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geertsema","given":"Marten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gulick, Sean P.S. 0000-0003-4740-9068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-9068","contributorId":139644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gulick","given":"Sean P.S.","affiliations":[{"id":12811,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mattox, Andrew","contributorId":248380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattox","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49876,"text":"Ground Truth 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Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32}]}} ,{"id":70208991,"text":"70208991 - 2018 - A 42 year inference of cloud base height trends in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:23:52","indexId":"70208991","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-05T14:21:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 42 year inference of cloud base height trends in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico are home to the only tropical rainforest\nmanaged by the United States Forest Service, with cloud-immersed forests historically occupying the highest elevations. However, within the past 50 yr, studies of the Luquillo cloud forest have suggested an increase in cloud base heights (CBH), although the CBH in the area was not quantified until recently. The present work uses radiosonde observations from nearby San Juan, Puerto Rico, to contextualize the present-day CBH within a 42 yr (1975−2016) proxy record and determine evidence for rising cloud base. Two key questions are addressed: (1) Can theoretical CBH calculations from San Juan provide a reasonable proxy for CBHs in the Luquillo Mountains? (2) Does a significant trend accompany the CBH lifting inferred from recent work in the region? The mean-layer lifted condensation level (MLLCL), a thermodynamic parameter expressing the altitude at which a rising air parcel reaches 100% relative humidity, serves as the proxy. The 42 yr MLLCL time series corroborates both the low CBHs claimed in the 1980s and the higher CBHs documented by recent work. When considering all available radiosonde data, statistically significant increasing CBH trends are detected for all seasons. However, when the record is standardized to correct for progressive vertical resolution improvements to radiosonde observations, recent CBH increases are more modest than initially indicated, and statistically significant increases are only apparent in the late rainfall season.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/cr01529","usgsCitation":"Miller, P.W., Mote, T.L., Ramseyer, C., Van Beusekom, A.E., Scholl, M.A., and Gonzalez, G., 2018, A 42 year inference of cloud base height trends in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico: Climate Research, v. 76, no. 1, p. 87-94, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01529.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-094568","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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