{"pageNumber":"829","pageRowStart":"20700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46730,"records":[{"id":70033769,"text":"70033769 - 2008 - A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033769","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry","docAbstract":"We developed a spreadsheet-based model for the use of managers, conservationists, and biologists for projecting the effects of climate change on coral reefs at local-to-regional scales. The COMBO (Coral Mortality and Bleaching Output) model calculates the impacts to coral reefs from changes in average SST and CO2 concentrations, and from high temperature mortality (bleaching) events. The model uses a probabilistic assessment of the frequency of high temperature events under a future climate to address scientific uncertainties about potential adverse effects. COMBO offers data libraries and default factors for three selected regions (Hawai'i, Great Barrier Reef, and Caribbean), but it is structured with user-selectable parameter values and data input options, making possible modifications to reflect local conditions or to incorporate local expertise. Preliminary results from sensitivity analyses and simulation examples for Hawai'i demonstrate the relative importance of high temperature events, increased average temperature, and increased CO2 concentration on the future status of coral reefs; Illustrate significant interactions among variables; and allow comparisons of past environmental history with future predictions. ?? 2008, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanugraphy, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15415","usgsCitation":"Buddemeier, R., Jokiel, P., Zimmerman, K., Lane, D., Carey, J., Bohling, G.C., and Martinich, J., 2008, A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 6, no. SEPT, p. 395-411.","startPage":"395","endPage":"411","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"SEPT","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e482e4b0c8380cd4669e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jokiel, P. L.","contributorId":80367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokiel","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, K.M.","contributorId":101469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, D.R.","contributorId":76559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carey, J.M.","contributorId":50366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martinich, J.A.","contributorId":103099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinich","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033771,"text":"70033771 - 2008 - Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033771","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant","docAbstract":"We test the hypothesis that accelerating moment release (AMR) is a precursor to large earthquakes, using data from California, Nevada, and Sumatra. Spurious cases of AMR can arise from data fitting because the time period, area, and sometimes magnitude range analyzed before each main shock are often optimized to produce the strongest AMR signal. Optimizing the search criteria can identify apparent AMR even if no robust signal exists. For both 1950-2006 California-Nevada M ??? 6.5 earthquakes and the 2004 M9.3 Sumatra earthquake, we can find two contradictory patterns in the pre-main shock earthquakes by data fitting: AMR and decelerating moment release. We compare the apparent AMR found in the real data to the apparent AMR found in four types of synthetic catalogs with no inherent AMR. When spatiotemporal clustering is included in the simulations, similar AMR signals are found by data fitting in both the real and synthetic data sets even though the synthetic data sets contain no real AMR. These tests demonstrate that apparent AMR may arise from a combination of data fitting and normal foreshock and aftershock activity. In principle, data-fitting artifacts could be avoided if the free parameters were determined from scaling relationships between the duration and spatial extent of the AMR pattern and the magnitude of the earthquake that follows it. However, we demonstrate that previously proposed scaling relationships are unstable, statistical artifacts caused by the use of a minimum magnitude for the earthquake catalog that scales with the main shock magnitude. Some recent AMR studies have used spatial regions based on hypothetical stress loading patterns, rather than circles, to select the data. We show that previous tests were biased and that unbiased tests do not find this change to the method to be an improvement. The use of declustered catalogs has also been proposed to eliminate the effect of clustering but we demonstrate that this does not increase the statistical significance of AMR. Given the ease with which data fitting can find desired patterns in seismicity, future studies of AMR-like observations must include complete tests against synthetic catalogs that include spatiotemporal clustering.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005410","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., Felzer, K., and Michael, A., 2008, Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005410.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487144,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005410"}],"volume":"113","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3967e4b0c8380cd618ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felzer, K.R.","contributorId":47562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030646,"text":"70030646 - 2008 - Gas and gas hydrate distribution around seafloor seeps in Mississippi Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico, using multi-resolution seismic imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030646","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas and gas hydrate distribution around seafloor seeps in Mississippi Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico, using multi-resolution seismic imagery","docAbstract":"To determine the impact of seeps and focused flow on the occurrence of shallow gas hydrates, several seafloor mounds in the Atwater Valley lease area of the Gulf of Mexico were surveyed with a wide range of seismic frequencies. Seismic data were acquired with a deep-towed, Helmholz resonator source (220-820 Hz); a high-resolution, Generator-Injector air-gun (30-300 Hz); and an industrial air-gun array (10-130 Hz). Each showed a significantly different response in this weakly reflective, highly faulted area. Seismic modeling and observations of reversed-polarity reflections and small scale diffractions are consistent with a model of methane transport dominated regionally by diffusion but punctuated by intense upward advection responsible for the bathymetric mounds, as well as likely advection along pervasive filamentous fractures away from the mounds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.015","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Hart, P., Hutchinson, D.R., Dutta, N., Snyder, F., Coffin, R., and Gettrust, J., 2008, Gas and gas hydrate distribution around seafloor seeps in Mississippi Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico, using multi-resolution seismic imagery: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 952-959, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.015.","startPage":"952","endPage":"959","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476716,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2619","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.015"},{"id":239531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14bfe4b0c8380cd54b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.T.","contributorId":51516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dutta, N.","contributorId":7086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutta","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snyder, F.","contributorId":84160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coffin, R.B.","contributorId":59628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gettrust, J.F.","contributorId":80080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettrust","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030414,"text":"70030414 - 2008 - Demographic analysis of Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030414","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic analysis of Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"We used 13 years (1995-2007) of capture-mark-recapture data to assess population dynamics of endangered Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. The Cormack-Jolly-Seber method was used to estimate survival, and information theoretic modeling was used to assess variation due to time, gender, species, and spawning subpopulations. Length data were used to detect multiple year-class failures and events of high recruitment into adult spawning populations. Average annual survival probability was 0.88 for Lost River suckers and 0.76 for shortnose suckers. Mean life span estimates based on these survival rates indicated that Lost River suckers survived long enough on average to attempt reproduction eight times, whereas shortnose suckers only survived to spawn three to four times. Shortnose sucker survival was not only poor in years of fish kills (1995-1997) but also was low in years without fish kills (i.e., 2002 and 2004). This suggests that high mortality occurs in some years but is not necessarily associated with fish kills. Annual survival probabilities were not only different between the two species but also differed between two spawning subpopulations of Lost River suckers. Length composition data indicated that recruitment into spawning populations only occurred intermittently. Populations of both species transitioned from primarily old individuals with little size diversity and consistently poor recruitment in the late 1980s and early 1990s to mostly small, recruit-sized fish by the late 1990s. A better understanding of the factors influencing adult survival and recruitment into spawning populations is needed. Monitoring these vital parameters will provide a quantitative means to evaluate population status and assess the effectiveness of conservation and recovery efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T06-235.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Janney, E., Shively, R., Hayes, B., Barry, P., and Perkins, D., 2008, Demographic analysis of Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1812-1825, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-235.1.","startPage":"1812","endPage":"1825","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-235.1"},{"id":239204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe7de4b0c8380cd4ed5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, B.S.","contributorId":34721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, P.M.","contributorId":31574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perkins, D.","contributorId":83589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032200,"text":"70032200 - 2008 - Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:06:22","indexId":"70032200","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mercury contained in buried landfill waste may be released via upward emission to the atmosphere or downward leaching to groundwater. Data from the US Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in arid southwestern Nevada reveal another potential pathway of Hg release: long-distance (10</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) lateral migration of elemental Hg (Hg</span><sup>0</sup><span>) through the unsaturated zone. Gas collected from multiple depths from two instrumented boreholes that sample the entire 110-m unsaturated zone thickness and are located 100 and 160</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m away from the closest waste burial trench exhibit gaseous Hg concentrations of up to 33 and 11</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ng</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>−3</sup><span>, respectively. The vertical distribution of gaseous Hg in the borehole closest to the disposal site shows distinct subsurface peaks in concentration at depths of 1.5 and 24</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m that cannot be explained by radial diffusive transport through a heterogeneous layered unsaturated zone. The inability of current models to explain gaseous Hg distribution at the ADRS highlights the need to advance the understanding of gas-phase contaminant transport in unsaturated zones to attain a comprehensive model of landfill Hg release.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Andraski, B.J., Krabbenhoft, D., and Striegl, R.G., 2008, Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 572-583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"583","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb74fe4b08c986b3271af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032187,"text":"70032187 - 2008 - Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T15:42:09.004566","indexId":"70032187","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3129,"text":"Proceedings in Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change","docAbstract":"<p>Bathymetric change in tidal environments is modulated by watershed sediment yield, hydrodynamic processes, benthic composition, and anthropogenic activities. These multiple forcings combine to complicate simple prediction of bathymetric change; therefore, numerical models are necessary to simulate sediment transport. Errors arise from these simulations, due to inaccurate initial conditions and model parameters. We investigated the response of bathymetric change to initial conditions and model parameters with a simplified zero-dimensional cohesive sediment transport model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic/sediment transport model, and a tidally averaged box model. The zero-dimensional model consists of a well-mixed control volume subjected to a semidiurnal tide, with a cohesive sediment bed. Typical cohesive sediment parameters were utilized for both the bed and suspended sediment. The model was run until equilibrium in terms of bathymetric change was reached, where equilibrium is defined as less than the rate of sea level rise in San Francisco Bay (2.17 mm/year). Using this state as the initial condition, model parameters were perturbed 10% to favor deposition, and the model was resumed. Perturbed parameters included, but were not limited to, maximum tidal current, erosion rate constant, and critical shear stress for erosion. Bathymetric change was most sensitive to maximum tidal current, with a 10% perturbation resulting in an additional 1.4 m of deposition over 10 years. Re-establishing equilibrium in this model required 14 years. The next most sensitive parameter was the critical shear stress for erosion; when increased 10%, an additional 0.56 m of sediment was deposited and 13 years were required to re-establish equilibrium. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic/sediment transport model was calibrated to suspended-sediment concentration, and despite robust solution of hydrodynamic conditions it was unable to accurately hindcast bathymetric change. The tidally averaged box model was calibrated to bathymetric change data and shows rapidly evolving bathymetry in the first 10-20 years, though sediment supply and hydrodynamic forcing did not vary greatly. This initial burst of bathymetric change is believed to be model adjustment to initial conditions, and suggests a spin-up time of greater than 10 years. These three diverse modeling approaches reinforce the sensitivity of cohesive sediment transport models to initial conditions and model parameters, and highlight the importance of appropriate calibration data. Adequate spin-up time of the order of years is required to initialize models, otherwise the solution will contain bathymetric change that is not due to environmental forcings, but rather improper specification of initial conditions and model parameters. Temporally intensive bathymetric change data can assist in determining initial conditions and parameters, provided they are available. Computational effort may be reduced by selectively updating hydrodynamics and bathymetry, thereby allowing time for spin-up periods. reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1568-2692(08)80033-2","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Ganju, N., Mineart, P.R., and Lionberger, M.A., 2008, Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change: Proceedings in Marine Science, v. 9, p. 463-475, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-2692(08)80033-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46ae4b0c8380cd4bd00","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kusuda, T.","contributorId":196747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kusuda","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536665,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamanishi, H.","contributorId":196748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamanishi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spearman, J.","contributorId":196749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spearman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gailani, J. Z.","contributorId":196750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gailani","given":"J. Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mineart, P. R.","contributorId":11430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mineart","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lionberger, M. A.","contributorId":96494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032186,"text":"70032186 - 2008 - Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal southern Rhode Island was estimated from measurements of the naturally-occurring radioisotopes 226Ra (t1/2 = 1600??y) and 228Ra (t1/2 = 5.75??y). Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in the surface water of Rhode Island Sound, from January 2002 to August 2003; additional porewater samples were collected in August 2005. Surface water activities ranged from 12-83??dpm 100??L- 1 (60??dpm = 1??Bq) and 21-256??dpm 100??L- 1 for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively. Porewater 226Ra activities ranged from 16-736??dpm 100??L- 1 (2002-2003) and 95-815??dpm 100??L- 1 (2005), while porewater 228Ra activities ranged from 23-1265??dpm 100??L- 1. Combining these data with a simple box model provided average 226Ra-based submarine groundwater fluxes ranging from 11-159??L m- 2 d- 1 and average 228Ra-derived fluxes of 15-259??L m- 2 d- 1. Seasonal changes in Ra-derived SGD were apparent in all ponds as well as between ponds, with SGD values of 30-472??L m- 2 d- 1 (Winnapaug Pond), 6-20??L m- 2 d- 1 (Quonochontaug Pond), 36-273??L m- 2 d- 1 (Ninigret Pond), 29-76??L m- 2 d- 1 (Green Hill Pond), and 19-83??L m- 2 d- 1 (Pt. Judith-Potter Pond). These Ra-derived fluxes are up to two orders of magnitude higher than results predicted by a numerical model of groundwater flow, estimates of aquifer recharge for the study period, and values published in previous Ra-based SGD studies in Rhode Island. This disparity may result from differences in the type of flow (recirculated seawater versus fresh groundwater) determined using each technique, as well as variability in porewater Ra activity. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Hougham, A., Moran, S., Masterson, J., and Kelly, R., 2008, Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers: Marine Chemistry, v. 109, no. 3-4, p. 268-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001.","startPage":"268","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001"},{"id":242475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8885e4b08c986b3169f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hougham, A.L.","contributorId":61254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hougham","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, S.B.","contributorId":7928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":102516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, R.P.","contributorId":80502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031960,"text":"70031960 - 2008 - Dislocation models of interseismic deformation in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031960","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dislocation models of interseismic deformation in the western United States","docAbstract":"The GPS-derived crustal velocity field of the western United States is used to construct dislocation models in a viscoelastic medium of interseismic crustal deformation. The interseismic velocity field is constrained by 1052 GPS velocity vectors spanning the ???2500-km-long plate boundary zone adjacent to the San Andreas fault and Cascadia subduction zone and extending ???1000 km into the plate interior. The GPS data set is compiled from U.S. Geological Survey campaign data, Plate Boundary Observatory data, and the Western U.S. Cordillera velocity field of Bennett et al. (1999). In the context of viscoelastic cycle models of postearthquake deformation, the interseismic velocity field is modeled with a combination of earthquake sources on ???100 known faults plus broadly distributed sources. Models that best explain the observed interseismic velocity field include the contributions of viscoelastic relaxation from faulting near the major plate margins, viscoelastic relaxation from distributed faulting in the plate interior, as well as lateral variations in depth-averaged rigidity in the elastic lithosphere. Resulting rigidity variations are consistent with reduced effective elastic plate thickness in a zone a few tens of kilometers wide surrounding the San Andreas fault (SAF) system. Primary deformation characteristics are captured along the entire SAF system, Eastern California Shear Zone, Walker Lane, the Mendocino triple junction, the Cascadia margin, and the plate interior up to ???1000 km from the major plate boundaries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005174","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., McCrory, P., Svarc, J., and Murray, J., 2008, Dislocation models of interseismic deformation in the western United States: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005174.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476816,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005174"},{"id":242626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0215e4b0c8380cd4fe90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCrory, P.","contributorId":76150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, J.","contributorId":85731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, J.","contributorId":94837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031956,"text":"70031956 - 2008 - Generation of a pseudo-2D shear-wave velocity section by inversion of a series of 1D dispersion curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031956","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of a pseudo-2D shear-wave velocity section by inversion of a series of 1D dispersion curves","docAbstract":"Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves utilizes a multichannel recording system to estimate near-surface shear (S)-wave velocities from high-frequency Rayleigh waves. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity (vS) section is constructed by aligning 1D models at the midpoint of each receiver spread and using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. The receiver spread length sets the theoretical lower limit and any vS structure with its lateral dimension smaller than this length will not be properly resolved in the final vS section. A source interval smaller than the spread length will not improve the horizontal resolution because spatial smearing has already been introduced by the receiver spread. In this paper, we first analyze the horizontal resolution of a pair of synthetic traces. Resolution analysis shows that (1) a pair of traces with a smaller receiver spacing achieves higher horizontal resolution of inverted S-wave velocities but results in a larger relative error; (2) the relative error of the phase velocity at a high frequency is smaller than at a low frequency; and (3) a relative error of the inverted S-wave velocity is affected by the signal-to-noise ratio of data. These results provide us with a guideline to balance the trade-off between receiver spacing (horizontal resolution) and accuracy of the inverted S-wave velocity. We then present a scheme to generate a pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section with high horizontal resolution using multichannel records by inverting high-frequency surface-wave dispersion curves calculated through cross-correlation combined with a phase-shift scanning method. This method chooses only a pair of consecutive traces within a shot gather to calculate a dispersion curve. We finally invert surface-wave dispersion curves of synthetic and real-world data. Inversion results of both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that inverting high-frequency surface-wave dispersion curves - by a pair of traces through cross-correlation with phase-shift scanning method and with the damped least-square method and the singular-value decomposition technique - can feasibly achieve a reliable pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section with relatively high horizontal resolution. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.01.003","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., and Liu, Q., 2008, Generation of a pseudo-2D shear-wave velocity section by inversion of a series of 1D dispersion curves: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.01.003.","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.01.003"},{"id":242561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1551e4b0c8380cd54d5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176273,"text":"70176273 - 2008 - Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T15:57:23","indexId":"70176273","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although the quantity of data on the location, status, and management of invasive species is ever increasing, invasive species data sets are often difficult to obtain and integrate. A cyberinfrastructure for such information could make these data available for Internet users. The data can be used to create regional watch lists, to send e-mail alerts when a new species enters a region, to construct models of species' current and future distributions, and to inform management. Although the exchange of environmental data over the Internet in the form of raster data is maturing, and the exchange of species occurrence data is developing quickly, there is room for improvement. In this article, we present a vision for a comprehensive invasive species cyberinfrastructure that is capable of accessing data effectively, creating models of invasive species spread, and distributing this information.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1641/B580312","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Simpson, A., Crall, A.W., Jarnevich, C.S., Newman, G., and Stohlgren, T.J., 2008, Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management: BioScience, v. 58, no. 3, p. 263-268, https://doi.org/10.1641/B580312.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/b580312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8c0e4b04836416a0e5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jim","contributorId":37608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134 asimpson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","email":"asimpson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crall, Alycia W.","contributorId":60123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crall","given":"Alycia","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Greg","contributorId":22636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033431,"text":"70033431 - 2008 - Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033431","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation","docAbstract":"Passive-treatment systems that route acidic mine drainage (AMD) through crushed limestone and/or organic-rich substrates have been used to remove the acidity and metals from various AMD sources, with a wide range of effects. This study evaluates treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD with limestone alone, and with organic-rich compost layered with the limestone. In the fall of 2003, a treatment system consisting of two parallel, 500-m2 downflow cells followed by a 400-m2 aerobic settling pond and wetland was installed to neutralize the AMD from the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. Each downflow cell consisted of a lower substrate layer of 1,090 metric tons (t) of dolomitic limestone (60 wt% CaCO3) and an upper layer of 300 t of calcitic limestone (95 wt% CaCO3); one of the downflow cells also included a 0.3 m thick layer of mushroom compost over the limestone. AMD with pH of 3.5-4.3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6-9.9 mg/L, iron of 1.9-5.4 mg/L, and aluminum of 0.8-1.9 mg/L flooded each cell to a depth 0.65 m above the treatment substrates, percolated through the substrates to underlying, perforated outflow pipes, and then flowed through the aerobic pond and wetland before discharging to the Schuylkill River. Data on the flow rates and chemistry of the effluent for the treatment system indicated substantial neutralization by the calcitic limestone but only marginal effects from the dolomitic limestone or compost. Because of its higher transmissivity, the treatment cell containing only limestone neutralized greater quantities of acidity than the cell containing compost and limestone. On average, the treatment system removed 62% of the influent acidity, 47% of the dissolved iron, 34% of the dissolved aluminum, and 8% of the dissolved manganese. Prior to treatment of the Bell Discharge, the Schuylkill River immediately below its confluence with the discharge had pH as low as 4.1 and supported few, if any, fish. However, within the first year of treatment, the pH was maintained at values of 5.0 or greater and native brook trout were documented immediately below the treatment system, though not above. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., and Ward, S., 2008, Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 2, p. 67-85, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5.","startPage":"67","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5"},{"id":241976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b0e4b0c8380cd505ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, S.J.","contributorId":12702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033505,"text":"70033505 - 2008 - ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033505","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination","docAbstract":"ALLTEM is a multi-axis electromagnetic induction system designed for unexploded ordnance (UXO) applications. It uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation and provides good late-time signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) especially for ferrous targets. Multi-axis transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) systems such as ALLTEM provide a richer data set from which to invert for the target parameters required to distinguish between clutter and UXO. Inversions of field data over the Army's UXO Calibration Grid and Blind Test Grid at the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Arizona in 2006 produced polarizability moment values for many buried UXO items that were reasonable and generally repeatable for targets of the same type buried at different orientations and depths. In 2007 a test stand was constructed that allows for collection of data with varying spatial data density and accurate automated position control. The behavior of inverted ALLTEM test stand data as a function of spatial data density, sensor SNR, and position error has been investigated. The results indicate that the ALLTEM inversion algorithm is more tolerant of sensor noise and position error than has been reported for single-axis systems. A high confidence level in inversion-derived target parameters is required when a target is declared to be harmless scrap metal that may safely be left in the ground. Unless high confidence can be demonstrated, state regulators will likely require that targets be dug regardless of any \"no-dig\" classifications produced from inversions, in which case remediation costs would not be decreased.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3063947","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Asch, T., Wright, D., Moulton, C., Irons, T., and Nabighian, M., 2008, ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination, <i>in</i> SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 2892-2896, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063947.","startPage":"2892","endPage":"2896","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063947"},{"id":242082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62be4b0c8380cd471e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asch, T.H.","contributorId":90552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moulton, C.W.","contributorId":81681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, T.P.","contributorId":35965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032043,"text":"70032043 - 2008 - Using semi-permeable membrane devices and stable nitrogen isotopes to detect anthropogenic influences on the Truckee River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032043","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1535,"text":"Environmental Engineering Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using semi-permeable membrane devices and stable nitrogen isotopes to detect anthropogenic influences on the Truckee River, USA","docAbstract":"Stable nitrogen isotopes (??15N) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used together to provide evidence of potential anthropogenic connections to aquatic organisms in the Truckee River, which flows through the Reno/Sparks metropolitan area in Nevada. Crayfish, snail, and periphyton ??15N values, and SPMD toxicity data collected during high and low flow periods at seven primary sites on the river were used with water quality and flow data for the assessment. All biota showed an increase of ??15N on both dates at sites downstream of inflows of a water-quality impaired tributary and urban drain relative to upstream. In addition, most of the lowest ??15N values on each date occurred at the most downstream site on the river. SPMDs sample lipophilic organic contaminants and can be used to assess organic contaminant toxicity to aquatic organisms because they use a membrane that mimics organic contaminant uptake by fish. In this study, results from a fluoroscan test [pyrene index (PI)] of SPMD extracts that responds to higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed patterns similar to stable isotope data, although observed peaks in PI values occurred in the urban area upstream of where peak ??15N values occurred. The CYP1A biomarker test, which responds to PAHs, certain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorines, showed peak toxic equivalents (TEQ) values farther downstream of the urban area. Thus, it is likely that PAHs were contributing to toxicity in the urban area, whereas other nonurban sources of organic carbon may have been present farther downstream. The combined use of stable isotope measurements and SPMDs provided a means of simultaneously examining whether aquatic biota are incorporating constituents from potential food sources (via stable isotopes) or exposure through water (via SPMDs). ?? Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Engineering Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/ees.2007.0090","issn":"10928758","usgsCitation":"Saito, L., Rosen, M.R., Chandra, S., Fritsen, C., Arufe, J., and Redd, C., 2008, Using semi-permeable membrane devices and stable nitrogen isotopes to detect anthropogenic influences on the Truckee River, USA: Environmental Engineering Science, v. 25, no. 4, p. 585-600, https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0090.","startPage":"585","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0090"},{"id":242329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc09ce4b08c986b32a20e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saito, L.","contributorId":59402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saito","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandra, S.","contributorId":68867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandra","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritsen, C.H.","contributorId":43979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritsen","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arufe, J.A.","contributorId":53184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arufe","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Redd, C.","contributorId":26514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redd","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032147,"text":"70032147 - 2008 - Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T14:27:50","indexId":"70032147","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"The restoration of salmonids in the Elwha River following dam removal will cause interactions between anadromous and potamodromous forms as recolonization occurs in upstream and downstream directions. Anadromous salmonids are expected to recolonize historic habitats, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) isolated above the dams for 90 years are expected to reestablish anadromy. We summarized the distribution and abundance of potamodromous salmonids, determined locations of spawning areas, and mapped natural barriers to fish migration at the watershed scale based on data collected from 1993 to 2006. Rainbow trout were far more abundant than bull trout throughout the watershed and both species were distributed up to river km 71. Spawning locations for bull trout and rainbow trout occurred in areas where we anticipate returning anadromous fish to spawn. Nonnative brook trout were confined to areas between and below the dams, and seasonal velocity barriers are expected to prevent their upstream movements. We hypothesize that the extent of interaction between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids will vary spatially due to natural barriers that will limit upstream-directed recolonization for some species of salmonids. Consequently, most competitive interactions will occur in the main stem and floodplain downstream of river km 25 and in larger tributaries. Understanding future responses of Pacific salmonids after dam removal in the Elwha River depends upon an understanding of existing conditions of the salmonid community upstream of the dams prior to dam removal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Brenkman, S., Pess, G., Torgersen, C., Kloehn, K., Duda, J., and Corbett, S., 2008, Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. SPEC.ISS., p. 91-106.","startPage":"91","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"SPEC.ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c4e4b0c8380cd7b6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenkman, S.J.","contributorId":106318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenkman","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pess, G.R.","contributorId":33037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pess","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torgersen, C.E.","contributorId":34459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kloehn, K.K.","contributorId":84995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloehn","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corbett, S.C.","contributorId":79318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033491,"text":"70033491 - 2008 - 100 Myr record of sequences, sedimentary facies and sea level change from Ocean Drilling Program onshore coreholes, US Mid-Atlantic coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033491","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"100 Myr record of sequences, sedimentary facies and sea level change from Ocean Drilling Program onshore coreholes, US Mid-Atlantic coastal plain","docAbstract":"We analyzed the latest Early Cretaceous to Miocene sections (???110-7Ma) in 11 New Jersey and Delaware onshore coreholes (Ocean Drilling Program Legs 150X and 174AX). Fifteen to seventeen Late Cretaceous and 39-40 Cenozoic sequence boundaries were identified on the basis of physical and temporal breaks. Within-sequence changes follow predictable patterns with thin transgressive and thick regressive highstand systems tracts. The few lowstands encountered provide critical constraints on the range of sea-level fall. We estimated paleowater depths by integrating lithofacies and biofacies analyses and determined ages using integrated biostratigraphy and strontium isotopic stratigraphy. These datasets were backstripped to provide a sea-level estimate for the past ???100 Myr. Large river systems affected New Jersey during the Cretaceous and latest Oligocene-Miocene. Facies evolved through eight depositional phases controlled by changes in accommodation, long-term sea level, and sediment supply: (1) the Barremian-earliest Cenomanian consisted of anastomosing riverine environments associated with warm climates, high sediment supply, and high accommodation; (2) the Cenomanian-early Turonian was dominated by marine sediments with minor deltaic influence associated with long-term (107 year) sea-level rise; (3) the late Turonian through Coniacian was dominated by alluvial and delta plain systems associated with long-term sea-level fall; (4) the Santonian-Campanian consisted of marine deposition under the influence of a wave-dominated delta associated with a long-term sea-level rise and increased sediment supply; (5) Maastrichtian-Eocene deposition consisted primarily of starved siliciclastic, carbonate ramp shelf environments associated with very high long-term sea level and low sediment supply; (6) the late Eocene-Oligocene was a starved siliciclastic shelf associated with moderately high sea-level and low sediment supply; (7) late early-middle Miocene consisted of a prograding shelf under a strong wave-dominated deltaic influence associated with major increase in sediment supply and accommodation due to local sediment loading; and (8) over the past 10 Myr, low accommodation and eroded coastal systems were associated with low long-term sea level and low rates of sediment supply due to bypassing. ?? 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation ?? 2008 Blackwell Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Basin Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00360.x","issn":"0950091X","usgsCitation":"Browning, J., Miller, K., Sugarman, P.J., Kominz, M., McLaughlin, P., Kulpecz, A., and Feigenson, M., 2008, 100 Myr record of sequences, sedimentary facies and sea level change from Ocean Drilling Program onshore coreholes, US Mid-Atlantic coastal plain: Basin Research, v. 20, no. 2, p. 227-248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00360.x.","startPage":"227","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00360.x"},{"id":241887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e220e4b0c8380cd45999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, J.V.","contributorId":18889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sugarman, P. J.","contributorId":81154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kominz, M.A.","contributorId":107471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kominz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLaughlin, P.P.","contributorId":45865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulpecz, A.A.","contributorId":46672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulpecz","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Feigenson, M.D.","contributorId":65641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70010007,"text":"70010007 - 2008 - Radiometric cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ using an invariant desert site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T11:10:31.983008","indexId":"70010007","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Radiometric cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ using an invariant desert site","docAbstract":"A methodology for long-term radiometric cross-calibration between the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors was developed. The approach involves calibration of near-simultaneous surface observations between 2000 and 2007. Fifty-seven cloud-free image pairs were carefully selected over the Libyan desert for this study. The Libyan desert site (+28.55??, +23.39??), located in northern Africa, is a high reflectance site with high spatial, spectral, and temporal uniformity. Because the test site covers about 12 kmx13 km, accurate geometric preprocessing is required to match the footprint size between the two sensors to avoid uncertainties due to residual image misregistration. MODIS Level IB radiometrically corrected products were reprojected to the corresponding ETM+ image's Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid projection. The 30 m pixels from the ETM+ images were aggregated to match the MODIS spatial resolution (250 m in Bands 1 and 2, or 500 m in Bands 3 to 7). The image data from both sensors were converted to absolute units of at-sensor radiance and top-ofatmosphere (TOA) reflectance for the spectrally matching band pairs. For each band pair, a set of fitted coefficients (slope and offset) is provided to quantify the relationships between the testing sensors. This work focuses on long-term stability and correlation of the Terra MODIS and L7 ETM+ sensors using absolute calibration results over the entire mission of the two sensors. Possible uncertainties are also discussed such as spectral differences in matching band pairs, solar zenith angle change during a collection, and differences in solar irradiance models.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"August 11-13, 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.793829","usgsCitation":"Choi, T., Angal, A., Chander, G., and Xiong, X., 2008, Radiometric cross-calibration of the Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ using an invariant desert site, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, August 11-13, 2008, 708110, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.793829.","productDescription":"708110","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9410e4b0c8380cd811a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, T.","contributorId":48698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angal, A.","contributorId":52716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiong, X.","contributorId":37885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010009,"text":"70010009 - 2008 - L5 TM radiometric recalibration procedure using the internal calibration trends from the NLAPS trending database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T15:31:19.719614","indexId":"70010009","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"L5 TM radiometric recalibration procedure using the internal calibration trends from the NLAPS trending database","docAbstract":"From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the earth science user community has benefited from a historical record of remotely sensed data. The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone for this extensive archive. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for this imagery used the instrument's response to the Internal Calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset for each detector. The IC system degraded with time causing radiometric calibration errors up to 20 percent. In May 2003 the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) was updated to use a gain model rather than the scene acquisition specific IC gains to calibrate TM data processed in the United States. Further modification of the gain model was performed in 2007. L5 TM data that were processed using IC prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the recent calibration revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing Level-1 products. The best recalibration results are obtained if the work order report that was originally included in the standard data product delivery is available. However, many users may not have the original work order report. In such cases, the IC gain look-up table that was generated using the radiometric gain trends recorded in the NLAPS database can be used for recalibration. This paper discusses the procedure to recalibrate L5 TM data when the work order report originally used in processing is not available. A companion paper discusses the generation of the NLAPS IC gain and bias look-up tables required to perform the recalibration.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"Aug 11-13, 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.795652","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Haque, M., Micijevic, E., and Barsi, J., 2008, L5 TM radiometric recalibration procedure using the internal calibration trends from the NLAPS trending database, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, Aug 11-13, 2008, 708114, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.795652.","productDescription":"708114","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40d3e4b0c8380cd65088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haque, Md. O. 0000-0002-0914-1446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":94784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haque","given":"Md. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010010,"text":"70010010 - 2008 - Monitoring programs to assess reintroduction efforts: A critical component in recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:18","indexId":"70010010","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":771,"text":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring programs to assess reintroduction efforts: A critical component in recovery","docAbstract":"Reintroduction is a powerful tool in our conservation toolbox. However, the necessary follow-up, i.e. long-term monitoring, is not commonplace and if instituted may lack rigor. We contend that valid monitoring is possible, even with sparse data. We present a means to monitor based on demographic data and a projection model using the Wyoming toad (Bufo baxten) as an example. Using an iterative process, existing data is built upon gradually such that demographic estimates and subsequent inferences increase in reliability. Reintroduction and defensible monitoring may become increasingly relevant as the outlook for amphibians, especially in tropical regions, continues to deteriorate and emergency collection, captive breeding, and reintroduction become necessary. Rigorous use of appropriate modeling and an adaptive approach can validate the use of reintroduction and substantially increase its value to recovery programs. ?? 2008 Museu de Cie??ncies Naturals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1578665X","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., and Dreitz, V., 2008, Monitoring programs to assess reintroduction efforts: A critical component in recovery: Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 31, no. 1, p. 47-56.","startPage":"47","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dd5e4b0c8380cd70616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, V.","contributorId":35460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010011,"text":"70010011 - 2008 - Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in ground water of the United States, 1988-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:40:39","indexId":"70010011","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in ground water of the United States, 1988-2004","docAbstract":"This study evaluated decadal-scale changes of nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program from 495 wells in 24 well networks across the USA in predominantly agricultural areas. Each well network was sampled once during 1988-1995 and resampled once during 2000-2004. Statistical tests of decadal-scale changes of nitrate concentrations in water from all 495 wells combined indicate there is a significant increase in nitrate concentrations in the data set as a whole. Eight out of the 24 well networks, or about 33%, had significant changes of nitrate concentrations. Of the eight well networks with significant decadal-scale changes of nitrate, all except one, the Willamette Valley of Oregon, had increasing nitrate concentrations. Median nitrate concentrations of three of those eight well networks increased above the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L-1. Nitrate in water from wells with reduced conditions had significantly smaller decadal-scale changes in nitrate concentrations than oxidized and mixed waters. A subset of wells had data on ground water recharge date; nitrate concentrations increased in response to the increase of N fertilizer use since about 1950. Determining ground water recharge dates is an important component of a ground water trends investigation because recharge dates provide a link between changes in ground water quality and changes in land-use practices. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0055","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 2008, Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in ground water of the United States, 1988-2004: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, p. S240-S248, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0055.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S240","endPage":"S248","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0055"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe00e4b0c8380cd4ea6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":357669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033314,"text":"70033314 - 2008 - Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033314","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA","docAbstract":"Nutritional, behavioral, and diet data for lesser scaup (Aythya affinis [Eyton, 1838]) indicates that there has been a decrease in amphipod (Gammarus lacustris [G. O. Sars, 1863] and Hyalella azteca [Saussure, 1858]) density and wetland quality throughout the upper-Midwest, USA. Accordingly, we estimated densities of Gammarus and Hyalella in six eco-physiographic regions of Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota; 356 randomly selected semipermanent and permanent wetlands were sampled during springs 2004 and 2005. We also examined indices of wetland quality (e.g., turbidity, fish communities, aquatic vegetation) among regions in a random subset of these wetlands (n = 267). Gammarus and Hyalella were present in 19% and 54% of wetlands sampled, respectively. Gammarus and Hyalella densities in North Dakota were higher than those in Iowa and Minnesota. Although historical data are limited, our regional mean (1 to 12 m-3) amphipod densities (Gammarus + Hyalella) were markedly lower than any of the historical density estimates. Fish, important predators of amphipods, occurred in 31%-45% of wetlands in North Dakota, 84% of wetlands in the Red River Valley, and 74%-84% of wetlands in Iowa and Minnesota. Turbidity in wetlands of Minnesota Morainal (4.0 NTU geometric mean) and Red River Valley (6.1 NTU) regions appeared low relative to that of the rest of the upper-Midwest (13.2-17.5 NTU). We conclude that observed estimates of amphipods, fish, and turbidity are consistent with low wetland quality, which has resulted in lower food availability for various wildlife species, especially lesser scaup, which use these wetlands in the upper-Midwest. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-53.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., and Afton, A., 2008, Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 184-196, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-53.1.","startPage":"184","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-53.1"},{"id":241133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cae4b0c8380cd4845b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010012,"text":"70010012 - 2008 - MODIS and SeaWIFS on-orbit lunar calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:18","indexId":"70010012","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODIS and SeaWIFS on-orbit lunar calibration","docAbstract":"The Moon plays an important role in the radiometric stability monitoring of the NASA Earth Observing System's (EOS) remote sensors. The MODIS and SeaWIFS are two of the key instruments for NASA's EOS missions. The MODIS Protoflight Model (PFM) on-board the Terra spacecraft and the MODIS Flight Model 1 (FM1) on-board the Aqua spacecraft were launched on December 18, 1999 and May 4, 2002, respectively. They view the Moon through the Space View (SV) port approximately once a month to monitor the long-term radiometric stability of their Reflective Solar Bands (RSB). SeaWIFS was launched on-board the OrbView-2 spacecraft on August 1, 1997. The SeaWiFS lunar calibrations are obtained once a month at a nominal phase angle of 7??. The lunar irradiance observed by these instruments depends on the viewing geometry. The USGS photometric model of the Moon (the ROLO model) has been developed to provide the geometric corrections for the lunar observations. For MODIS, the lunar view responses with corrections for the viewing geometry are used to track the gain change for its reflective solar bands (RSB). They trend the system response degradation at the Angle Of Incidence (AOI) of sensor's SV port. With both the lunar observation and the on-board Solar Diffuser (SD) calibration, it is shown that the MODIS system response degradation is wavelength, mirror side, and AOI dependent. Time-dependent Response Versus Scan angle (RVS) Look-Up Tables (LUT) are applied in MODIS RSB calibration and lunar observations play a key role in RVS derivation. The corrections provided by the RVS in the Terra and Aqua MODIS data from the 412 nm band are as large as 16% and 13%, respectively. For SeaWIFS lunar calibrations, the spacecraft is pitched across the Moon so that the instrument views the Moon near nadir through the same optical path as it views the Earth. The SeaWiFS system gain changes for its eight bands are calibrated using the geometrically-corrected lunar observations. The radiometric corrections to the SeaWiFS data, after more than ten years on orbit, are 19% at 865 nm, 8% at 765 nm, and 1-3% in the other bands. In this report, the lunar calibration algorithms are reviewed and the RSB gain changes observed by the lunar observations are shown for all three sensors. The lunar observations for the three instruments are compared using the USGS photometric model. The USGS lunar model facilitates the cross calibration of instruments with different spectra bandpasses whose measurements of the Moon differ in time and observing geometry.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.795338","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"9780819473011","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Eplee, R., Xiong, X., Stone, T., Meister, G., and McClain, C., 2008, MODIS and SeaWIFS on-orbit lunar calibration, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, 11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.795338.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204919,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.795338"},{"id":219122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ae5e4b0c8380cd69121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eplee, R.E. Jr.","contributorId":65221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eplee","given":"R.E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xiong, X.","contributorId":37885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, T.","contributorId":18900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meister, G.","contributorId":97622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meister","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McClain, C.R.","contributorId":104213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70010014,"text":"70010014 - 2008 - Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70010014","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Pesticide and nitrate data for ground water sampled in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, between 1993 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in concentration. A total of 72 wells were sampled in 1993-1995 and again in 2002-2003 in three well networks that targeted row crop and orchard land use settings as well as the regional basalt aquifer. The Regional Kendall trend test indicated that only deethylatrazine (DEA) concentrations showed a significant trend. Deethylatrazine concentrations were found to increase beneath the row crop land use well network, the regional aquifer well network, and for the dataset as a whole. No other pesticides showed a significant trend (nor did nitrate) in the 72-well dataset. Despite the lack of a trend in nitrate concentrations within the National Water-Quality Assessment dataset, previous work has found a statistically significant decrease in nitrate concentrations from 1998-2002 for wells with nitrate concentrations above 10 mg L-1 within the Columbia Basin ground water management area, which is located within the National Water-Quality Assessment study unit boundary. The increasing trend in DEA concentrations was found to negatively correlate with soil hydrologic group using logistic regression and with soil hydrologic group and drainage class using Spearman's correlation. The decreasing trend in high nitrate concentrations was found to positively correlate with the depth to which the well was cased using logistic regression, to positively correlate with nitrate application rates and sand content of the soil, and to negatively correlate with soil hydrologic group using Spearman's correlation. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0491","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Frans, L., 2008, Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0491.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0491"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb81ce4b08c986b32769a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, L.","contributorId":81628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010038,"text":"70010038 - 2008 - Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic doppler current profilers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T10:42:08.905994","indexId":"70010038","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic doppler current profilers","docAbstract":"Previous work by Oberg and Mueller of the U.S. Geological Survey in 2007 concluded that exposure time (total time spent sampling the flow) is a critical factor in reducing measurement uncertainty. In a subsequent paper, Oberg and Mueller validated these conclusions using one set of data to show that the effect of exposure time on the uncertainty of the measured discharge is independent of stream width, depth, and range of boat speeds. Analysis of eight StreamPro acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements indicate that they fall within and show a similar trend to the Rio Grande ADCP data previously reported. Four special validation measurements were made for the purpose of verifying the conclusions of Oberg and Mueller regarding exposure time for Rio Grande and StreamPro ADCPs. Analysis of these measurements confirms that exposure time is a critical factor in reducing measurement uncertainty and is independent of stream width, depth, and range of boat speeds. Furthermore, it appears that the relation between measured discharge uncertainty and exposure time is similar for both Rio Grande and StreamPro ADCPs. These results are applicable to ADCPs that make use of broadband technology using bottom-tracking to obtain the boat velocity. Based on this work, a minimum of two transects should be collected with an exposure time for all transects greater than or equal to 720 seconds in order to achieve an uncertainty of ??5 percent when using bottom-tracking ADCPs. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE/OES/CMTC 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","conferenceDate":"March 17-19, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2008.4480876","isbn":"1424414865; 9781424414864","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J.A., and Oberg, K., 2008, Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic doppler current profilers, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology, Charleston, SC, March 17-19, 2008, p. 250-257, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480876.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-004666","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc101e4b08c986b32a401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, J. A.","contributorId":98036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K.","contributorId":60376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010039,"text":"70010039 - 2008 - Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-11T10:01:10","indexId":"70010039","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","docAbstract":"<p>Since July 2003, Landsat-7 ETM+ has been operating without the scan line corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite in the imagery acquired. Data collected in SLC-off mode have gaps in a systematic wedge-shaped pattern outside of the central 22 km swath of the imagery; however, the spatial and spectral quality of the remaining portions of the imagery are not diminished. To explore the continued use of Landsat-7 ETM+ SLC-off imagery to characterize change in forested environments, we compare the change detection results generated from a reference image pair (a 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image and a 2003 Landsat-5 TM image) with change detection results generated from the same 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image coupled with three different 2003 Landsat-7 SLC-off products: unremediated SLC-off (i.e., with gaps); histogram-based gap-filled; and segment-based gap-filled. The results are compared on both a pixel and polygon basis; on a pixel basis, the unremediated SLC-off product missed 35% of the change identified by the reference data, and the histogram- and segment-based gap-filled products missed 23% and 21% of the change, respectively. When using forest inventory polygons as a context for change (to reduce commission error), the amount of change missed was 31%, 14%, and 12% for the each of the unremediated, histogram-based gap-filled, and segment-based gap-filled products, respectively. Our results indicate that over the time period considered, and given the types and spatial distribution of change events within our study area, the gap-filled products can provide a useful data source for change detection in forested environments. The selection of which product to use is, however, very dependent on the nature of the application and the spatial configuration of change events. ?? 2008 Government of Canada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m08-020","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Wulder, M.A., Ortlepp, S.M., White, J.C., and Maxwell, S., 2008, Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.5589/m08-020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c16e4b0c8380cd52a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortlepp, Stephanie M.","contributorId":28740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortlepp","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Joanne C.","contributorId":63362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxwell, Susan","contributorId":30354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010002,"text":"70010002 - 2008 - Optimized Autonomous Space In-situ Sensor-Web for volcano monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70010002","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Optimized Autonomous Space In-situ Sensor-Web for volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"In response to NASA's announced requirement for Earth hazard monitoring sensor-web technology, a multidisciplinary team involving sensor-network experts (Washington State University), space scientists (JPL), and Earth scientists (USGS Cascade Volcano Observatory (CVO)), is developing a prototype dynamic and scaleable hazard monitoring sensor-web and applying it to volcano monitoring. The combined Optimized Autonomous Space -In-situ Sensor-web (OASIS) will have two-way communication capability between ground and space assets, use both space and ground data for optimal allocation of limited power and bandwidth resources on the ground, and use smart management of competing demands for limited space assets. It will also enable scalability and seamless infusion of future space and in-situ assets into the sensor-web. The prototype will be focused on volcano hazard monitoring at Mount St. Helens, which has been active since October 2004. The system is designed to be flexible and easily configurable for many other applications as well. The primary goals of the project are: 1) integrating complementary space (i.e., Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite) and in-situ (ground-based) elements into an interactive, autonomous sensor-web; 2) advancing sensor-web power and communication resource management technology; and 3) enabling scalability for seamless infusion of future space and in-situ assets into the sensor-web. To meet these goals, we are developing: 1) a test-bed in-situ array with smart sensor nodes capable of making autonomous data acquisition decisions; 2) efficient self-organization algorithm of sensor-web topology to support efficient data communication and command control; 3) smart bandwidth allocation algorithms in which sensor nodes autonomously determine packet priorities based on mission needs and local bandwidth information in real-time; and 4) remote network management and reprogramming tools. The space and in-situ control components of the system will be integrated such that each element is capable of autonomously tasking the other. Sensor-web data acquisition and dissemination will be accomplished through the use of the Open Geospatial Consortium Sensorweb Enablement protocols. The three-year project will demonstrate end-to-end system performance with the in-situ test-bed at Mount St. Helens and NASA's EO-1 platform. ??2008 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference, AC","conferenceDate":"1 March 2008 through 8 March 2008","conferenceLocation":"Big Sky, MT","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2008.4526457","issn":"1095323X","isbn":"1424414881; 9781424414888","usgsCitation":"Song, W., Shirazi, B., Kedar, S., Chien, S., Webb, F., Tran, D., Davis, A., Pieri, D., LaHusen, R., Pallister, J., Dzurisin, D., Moran, S., and Lisowski, M., 2008, Optimized Autonomous Space In-situ Sensor-Web for volcano monitoring, <i>in</i> IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Big Sky, MT, 1 March 2008 through 8 March 2008, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2008.4526457.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2008.4526457"},{"id":218838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6efbe4b0c8380cd758ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, W.-Z.","contributorId":23334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shirazi, B.","contributorId":78162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirazi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kedar, S.","contributorId":64931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kedar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chien, S.","contributorId":101856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chien","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webb, F.","contributorId":85732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tran, D.","contributorId":25338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tran","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davis, A.","contributorId":104231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pieri, D.","contributorId":80814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieri","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"LaHusen, R.","contributorId":7446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pallister, J.","contributorId":105839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Moran, S.","contributorId":39972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
]}