California’s Tulare Lake Basin (TLB) is one of the most important waterbird areas in North America even though most wetlands there have been converted to cropland. To guide management programs promoting waterbird beneficial agriculture, which includes flooding fields between growing periods, we measured emergence rates of insects, an important waterbird food, in three crop types (tomato, wheat, alfalfa) in the TLB relative to water depth and days flooded during August–October, 2003 and 2004. We used corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion values to compare a set of models that accounted for our repeated measured data. The best model included crop type and crop type interacting with days flooded and depth flooded. Emergence rates (mg m−2 day−1) were greater in tomato than wheat or alfalfa fields, increased with days flooded in alfalfa and tomato but not wheat fields, and increased with water depth in alfalfa and wheat but not tomato fields. To investigate the relationship between the range of diel water temperatures and insect emergence rates, we rearedChironomus dilutus larvae in environmental chambers under high (15–32°C) and low fluctuation (20–26°C) temperature regimes that were associated with shallow and deep (respectively) sampling sites in our fields. Larval survival (4×) and biomass (2×) were greater in the low thermal fluctuation treatment suggesting that deeply flooded areas would support greater insect production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/07-169.1","usgsCitation":"Moss, R., Blumenshine, S.C., Yee, J., and Fleskes, J.P., 2009, Emergent insect production in post-harvest flooded agricultural fields used by waterbirds: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 3, p. 875-883, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-169.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"883","ipdsId":"IP-016291","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Richard C.","contributorId":175175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moss","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumenshine, Steven C.","contributorId":175176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blumenshine","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yee, Julie","contributorId":10343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":650346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156333,"text":"70156333 - 2009 - A mosaic of diverse ideas: The ecological legacy of J. Frederick Grassle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T15:50:09","indexId":"70156333","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mosaic of diverse ideas: The ecological legacy of J. Frederick Grassle","docAbstract":"During the 40 years (and counting) of his scientific career, J. Frederick Grassle has made fundamental contributions to our understanding of marine ecosystems from coral reefs to deep-sea sediments. His advocacy and passion for marine biodiversity in the form of myriad groundbreaking studies and influential reviews, his generosity of ideas and capacity to catalyze and inspire those working with him as well as the science community in general, his breakthroughs in improved ocean observation, his marine science infrastructure initiatives, together with his tireless persistence, have helped lead to major shifts in approaches to marine science and the shape of modern ocean studies to one that favours multidisciplinary research, teamwork, continuous, long-term observation, in situ experimentation, recognition of the importance of marine biodiversity, and global cooperation on research and data sharing. In shallow-water ecology, he co-discovered sibling species of Capitella spp., important not only because it is a key pollution indicator but also because the work helped to pave the way for the discovery of numerous sibling species in other taxa with major ramifications for ecological understanding. He was also a key player in the West Falmouth oil spill study which, along with complementary mesocosm experiments, remains one of the most important and detailed studies of its kind. He was also a lead player in the first biological expedition to hydrothermal vents and wrote the seminal articles that helped to inspire the flurry of vent research that followed. He is perhaps best known for his deep-sea work, where he brought submersibles to the forefront as a sampling tool, brought experimental manipulative studies to the primarily descriptive discipline of deep-sea benthic ecology, and generated tremendous excitement, debate, and rekindled interest in marine biodiversity with the first quantitative estimate of global deep-sea diversity. His efforts to document marine biodiversity resulted in the international Census of Marine Life, and his emphasis on the need for continuous, long-term ocean observation has led to breakthroughs in international cooperation in cabled observatories such as LEO-15. These efforts have also enhanced efforts to integrate ocean data on a global scale in platforms such as the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). The diversity of his contributions to marine science mirror the immense marine diversity he has recognized, documented, and championed so effectively over the last four decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.001","usgsCitation":"Snelgrove, P., Petrecca, R., Stocks, K.I., Van Dover, C., and Zimmer, C.A., 2009, A mosaic of diverse ideas: The ecological legacy of J. Frederick Grassle: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 56, no. 19-20, p. 1571-1576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.001.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1571","endPage":"1576","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"19-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8aae4b0518e3546a4a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snelgrove, Paul","contributorId":146692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snelgrove","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrecca, Rose","contributorId":146694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrecca","given":"Rose","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stocks, Karen I.","contributorId":146696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stocks","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12805,"text":"Univ. of California at San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Dover, Cindy L.","contributorId":95341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Dover","given":"Cindy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmer, Cheryl A.","contributorId":146697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97796,"text":"ofr20091147 - 2009 - Channel morphology and bed sediment characteristics before and after habitat enhancement activities in the Uridil Property, Platte River, Nebraska, water-years 2005-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T21:25:47.328575","indexId":"ofr20091147","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1147","title":"Channel morphology and bed sediment characteristics before and after habitat enhancement activities in the Uridil Property, Platte River, Nebraska, water-years 2005-2008","docAbstract":"Fluvial geomorphic data were collected by the United States Geological Survey from July 2005 to June 2008 (a time period within water years 2005 to 2008) to monitor the effects of habitat enhancement activities conducted in the Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust’s Uridil Property, located along the Platte River, Nebraska. The activities involved the removal of vegetation and sand from the tops of high permanent islands and the placement of the sand into the active river channel. This strategy was intended to enhance habitat for migratory water birds by lowering the elevations of the high islands, thereby eliminating a visual obstruction for roosting birds. It was also thought that the bare sand on the lowered island surfaces could serve as potential habitat for nesting water birds. Lastly, the project supplied a local source of sediment to the river to test the hypothesis that this material could contribute to the formation of lower sandbars and potential nesting sites downstream. Topographic surveys on the islands and along river transects were used to quantify the volume of removed sand and track the storage and movement of the introduced sand downstream. Sediment samples were also collected to map the spatial distribution of river bed sediment sizes before and after the management activities. While the project lowered the elevation of high islands, observations of the sand addition indicated the relatively fine-grained sand that was placed in the active river channel was rapidly transported by the flowing water. Topographic measurements made 3 months after the sand addition along transects in the area of sediment addition showed net aggradation over measurements made in 2005. In the year following the sand addition, 2007, elevated river flows from local rain events generally were accompanied by net degradation along transects within the area of sediment addition. In the spring of 2008, a large magnitude flow event of approximately 360 cubic meters per second occurred in the study reach and was accompanied by net aggradation in the managed area. These observations illustrate the high sediment transport capacity of the river channel both at lower flows, when the sand was added, and during higher flow events. This field experiment also serves as a practical example of the dynamic response of a Platte River channel to a relatively small-scale sand augmentation project directed toward enhancing in-channel habitat for avian species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust","usgsCitation":"Kinzel, P.J., 2009, Channel morphology and bed sediment characteristics before and after habitat enhancement activities in the Uridil Property, Platte River, Nebraska, water-years 2005-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1147, Report: vi, 23 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091147.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1147.jpg"},{"id":12964,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402078,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87115.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River, Uridil Property","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.129638671875,\n 40.54093880017256\n ],\n [\n -98.30017089843749,\n 40.54093880017256\n ],\n [\n -98.30017089843749,\n 40.97160353279909\n ],\n [\n -99.129638671875,\n 40.97160353279909\n ],\n [\n -99.129638671875,\n 40.54093880017256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e66ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97797,"text":"fs20093082 - 2009 - USGS Water Data for Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"fs20093082","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3082","title":"USGS Water Data for Washington","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been investigating the water resources of Washington State since the latter part of the 19th century. During this time, demand for water has evolved from primarily domestic and stock needs to the current complex requirements for public-water supplies, irrigation, power generation, navigation, ecological needs, and numerous other uses. Water-resource data collected by the USGS in Washington have been, or soon will be, published by the USGS Washington Water Science Center (WAWSC) in numerous data and interpretive reports. Most of these reports are available online at the WAWSC web page http://wa.water.usgs.gov/pubs/","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093082","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2009, USGS Water Data for Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3082, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093082.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3082.jpg"},{"id":12965,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61142c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97794,"text":"ofr20091170 - 2009 - NBII-SAIN Data Management Toolkit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T12:13:33.538775","indexId":"ofr20091170","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1170","title":"NBII-SAIN Data Management Toolkit","docAbstract":"The Strategic Plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Informatics Program (2005-2009) recognizes the need for effective data management:\r\n\r\nThough the Federal government invests more than $600 million per year in biological data collection, it is difficult to address these issues because of limited accessibility and lack of standards for data and information...variable quality, sources, methods, and formats (for example observations in the field, museum specimens, and satellite images) present additional challenges. This is further complicated by the fast-moving target of emerging and changing technologies such as GPS and GIS. Even though these technologies offer new solutions, they also create new informatics challenges (Ruggiero and others, 2005). \r\nThe USGS National Biological Information Infrastructure program, hereafter referred to as NBII, is charged with the mission to improve the way data and information are gathered, documented, stored, and accessed. The central objective of this project is a direct reflection of the purpose of NBII as described by John Mosesso, Program Manager of the U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Informatics Program-GAP Analysis:\r\n\r\nAt the outset, the reason for bringing about NBII was that there were significant amounts of data and information scattered all over the U.S., not accessible, in incompatible formats, and that NBII was tasked with addressing this problem...NBII's focus is to pull data together that truly matters to someone or communities. Essentially, the core questions are: 1) what are the issues, 2) where is the data, and 3) how can we make it usable and accessible (John Mosesso, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 2006). \r\nRedundancy in data collection can be a major issue when multiple stakeholders are involved with a common effort. In 2001 the U.S. General Accounting Office (USGAO) estimated that about 50 percent of the Federal government's geospatial data at the time was redundant. In addition, approximately 80 percent of the cost of a spatial information system is associated with spatial data collection and management (U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003). These figures indicate that the resources (time, personnel, money) of many agencies and organizations could be used more efficiently and effectively. Dedicated and conscientious data management coordination and documentation is critical for reducing such redundancy. Substantial cost savings and increased efficiency are direct results of a pro-active data management approach. In addition, details of projects as well as data and information are frequently lost as a result of real-world occurrences such as the passing of time, job turnover, and equipment changes and failure. A standardized, well documented database allows resource managers to identify issues, analyze options, and ultimately make better decisions in the context of adaptive management (National Land and Water Resources Audit and the Australia New Zealand Land Information Council on behalf of the Australian National Government, 2003).\r\n\r\nMany environmentally focused, scientific, or natural resource management organizations collect and create both spatial and non-spatial data in some form. Data management appropriate for those data will be contingent upon the project goal(s) and objectives and thus will vary on a case-by-case basis. This project and the resulting Data Management Toolkit, hereafter referred to as the Toolkit, is therefore not intended to be comprehensive in terms of addressing all of the data management needs of all projects that contain biological, geospatial, and other types of data. The Toolkit emphasizes the idea of connecting a project's data and the related management needs to the defined project goals and objectives from the outset. In that context, the Toolkit presents and describes the fundamental components of sound data and information management that are common to projects involving biological, geospatial, and other related data","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091170","usgsCitation":"Burley, T.E., and Peine, J.D., 2009, NBII-SAIN Data Management Toolkit: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1170, vi, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091170.","productDescription":"vi, 97 p.","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1170.jpg"},{"id":12962,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1170/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burley, Thomas E. 0000-0002-2235-8092 teburley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-8092","contributorId":3499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burley","given":"Thomas","email":"teburley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peine, John D.","contributorId":82020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peine","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97793,"text":"ofr20091164 - 2009 - Land-Cover Change in the East Central Texas Plains, 1973-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"ofr20091164","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1164","title":"Land-Cover Change in the East Central Texas Plains, 1973-2000","docAbstract":"Project Background: \r\nThe Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Cover Trends project is focused on understanding the rates, trends, causes, and consequences of contemporary U.S. land-use and land-cover change. The objectives of the study are to: (1) develop a comprehensive methodology for using sampling and change analysis techniques and Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) data for measuring regional land-cover change across the United States, (2) characterize the types, rates and temporal variability of change for a 30-year period, (3) document regional driving forces and consequences of change, and (4) prepare a national synthesis of land-cover change (Loveland and others, 1999).\r\n\r\nUsing the 1999 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III ecoregions derived from Omernik (1987) as the geographic framework, geospatial data collected between 1973 and 2000 were processed and analyzed to characterize ecosystem responses to land-use changes. The 27-year study period was divided into five temporal periods: 1973-1980, 1980-1986, 1986-1992, 1992-2000, and 1973-2000. General land-cover classes such as water, developed, grassland/shrubland, and agriculture for these periods were interpreted from Landsat MSS, TM, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery to categorize land-cover change and evaluate using a modified Anderson Land-Use Land-Cover Classification System for image interpretation. The interpretation of these land-cover classes complement the program objective of looking at land-use change with cover serving as a surrogate for land use.\r\n\r\nThe land-cover change rates are estimated using a stratified, random sampling of 10-kilometer (km) by 10-km blocks allocated within each ecoregion. For each sample block, satellite images are used to interpret land-cover change for the five time periods previously mentioned. Additionally, historical aerial photographs from similar timeframes and other ancillary data such as census statistics and published literature are used. The sample block data are then incorporated into statistical analyses to generate an overall change matrix for the ecoregion. For example, the scalar statistics can show the spatial extent of change per cover type with time, as well as the land-cover transformations from one land-cover type to another type occurring with time.\r\n\r\nField data of the sample blocks include direct measurements of land cover, particularly ground-survey data collected for training and validation of image classifications (Loveland and others, 2002). The field experience allows for additional observations of the character and condition of the landscape, assistance in sample block interpretation, ground truthing of Landsat imagery, and helps determine the driving forces of change identified in an ecoregion. Management and maintenance of field data, beyond initial use for training and validation of image classifications, is important as improved methods for image classification are developed, and as present-day data become part of the historical legacy for which studies of land-cover change in the future will depend (Loveland and others, 2002). The results illustrate that there is no single profile of land-cover change; instead, there is significant geographic variability that results from land uses within ecoregions continuously adapting to the resource potential created by various environmental, technological, and socioeconomic factors.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091164","usgsCitation":"Karstensen, K.A., 2009, Land-Cover Change in the East Central Texas Plains, 1973-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1164, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091164.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1164.jpg"},{"id":12961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,28 ], [ -100,33.166666666666664 ], [ -94,33.166666666666664 ], [ -94,28 ], [ -100,28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae38f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karstensen, Krista A. kkarstensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"Krista","email":"kkarstensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97792,"text":"sir20095166 - 2009 - Investigation of Contaminated Groundwater at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:23:07","indexId":"sir20095166","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5166","title":"Investigation of Contaminated Groundwater at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast investigated natural and engineered remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) groundwater contamination at Solid Waste Management Unit 12 at the Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, beginning in 2000. The primary contaminants of interest in the study are tetrachloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,1-dichloroethene. Engineered remediation aspects at the site consist of a zero-valent-iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) installed in December 2002 intercepting the contamination plume and a phytoremediation test stand of loblolly pine trees planted in the source area in May 2003. The U.S. Geological Survey planted an additional phytoremediation test stand of loblolly pine trees on the upgradient side of the southern end of the PRB in February 2008. At least once during the summer, however, the trees were inadvertently mowed during lawn cutting activity.\r\n\r\nThe PRB along the main axis of the contaminant plume appears to be actively removing contamination. In contrast to the central area of the PRB, the data from the southern end of the PRB indicate that contaminants are moving around the PRB. \r\n\r\nConcentrations in wells upgradient from the PRB showed a general decrease in VOC concentrations. VOC concentrations in some wells in the forest downgradient from the PRB showed a sharp increase in 2005, followed by a decrease in 2006. Farther downgradient in the forest, the VOC concentrations began to increase in 2007 and continued to increase into 2008. The VOC-concentration changes in groundwater beneath the forest appear to indicate movement of a groundwater-contaminant pulse through the forest. It also is possible that the data may represent lateral shifting of the plume in response to changes in groundwater-flow direction. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., and Petkewich, M.D., 2009, Investigation of Contaminated Groundwater at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5166, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095166.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5166.jpg"},{"id":12959,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"North Charleston","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.08333333333333,32.833333333333336 ], [ -80.08333333333333,33.083333333333336 ], [ -79.83333333333333,33.083333333333336 ], [ -79.83333333333333,32.833333333333336 ], [ -80.08333333333333,32.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab9bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97795,"text":"tm5C2 - 2009 - Methods of analysis: Determination of pyrethroid insecticides in water and sediment using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:02:05","indexId":"tm5C2","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-C2","title":"Methods of analysis: Determination of pyrethroid insecticides in water and sediment using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the determination of 14 pyrethroid insecticides in environmental water and sediment samples is described. The method was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in response to increasing concern over the effects of pyrethroids on aquatic organisms. The pyrethroids included in this method are ones that are applied to many agricultural and urban areas.\r\n\r\nFiltered water samples are extracted for pyrethroids using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with no additional cleanup steps. Sediment and soil samples are extracted using a microwave-assisted extraction system, and the pyrethroids of interest are separated from co-extracted matrix interferences by passing the extracts through stacked graphitized carbon and alumina SPE cartridges, along with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography (HPLC/GPC). Quantification of the pyrethroids from the extracted water and sediment samples is done using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS).\r\n\r\nRecoveries in test water samples fortified at 10 ng/L ranged from 83 to 107 percent, and recoveries in test sediment samples fortified at 10 ug/kg ranged from 82 to 101 percent; relative standard deviations ranged from 5 to 9 percent in the water samples and 3 to 9 percent in the sediment samples. Method detection limits (MDLs), calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency procedures (40 CFR 136, Appendix B), in water ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 ng/L using GC/MS and 0.5 to 1.0 ng/L using GC/MS/MS. For sediment, the MDLs ranged from 1.0 to 2.6 ug/kg dry weight using GC/MS and 0.2 to 0.5 ug/kg dry weight using GC/MS/MS. The matrix-spike recoveries for each compound, when averaged for 12 environmental water samples, ranged from 84 to 96 percent, and when averaged for 27 environmental sediment samples, ranged from 88 to 100 percent.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5C2","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Smalling, K., and Kuivila, K., 2009, Methods of analysis: Determination of pyrethroid insecticides in water and sediment using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-C2, viii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5C2.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_c2.jpg"},{"id":12963,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm5c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bafe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97788,"text":"sir20095148 - 2009 - Groundwater-flow model of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T15:07:27","indexId":"sir20095148","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5148","title":"Groundwater-flow model of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"To assess the effect that increased water use is having on the long-term availability of groundwater within the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, a groundwater-flow model was developed using MODFLOW 2000 for a model area covering 7,340 square miles for parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Vertically the model is divided into five units. From top to bottom these units of variable thickness are: the Western Interior Plains confining unit, the Springfield Plateau aquifer, the Ozark confining unit, the Ozark aquifer, and the St. Francois confining unit. Large mined zones contained within the Springfield Plateau aquifer are represented in the model as extensive voids with orders-of-magnitude larger hydraulic conductivity than the adjacent nonmined zones. Water-use data were compiled for the period 1960 to 2006, with the most complete data sets available for the period 1985 to 2006. In 2006, total water use from the Ozark aquifer for Missouri was 87 percent (8,531,520 cubic feet per day) of the total pumped from the Ozark aquifer, with Kansas at 7 percent (727,452 cubic feet per day), and Oklahoma at 6 percent (551,408 cubic feet per day); water use for Arkansas within the model area was minor. Water use in the model from the Springfield Plateau aquifer in 2005 was specified from reported and estimated values as 569,047 cubic feet per day. Calibration of the model was made against average water-level altitudes in the Ozark aquifer for the period 1980 to 1989 and against waterlevel altitudes obtained in 2006 for the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers. Error in simulating water-level altitudes was largest where water-level altitude gradients were largest, particularly near large cones of depression. Groundwater flow within the model area occurs generally from the highlands of the Springfield Plateau in southwestern Missouri toward the west, with localized flow occurring towards rivers and pumping centers including the five largest pumping centers near Joplin, Missouri; Carthage, Missouri; Noel, Missouri; Pittsburg, Kansas; and Miami, Oklahoma.
Hypothetical scenarios involving various increases in groundwater-pumping rates were analyzed with the calibrated groundwater-flow model to assess changes in the flow system from 2007 to the year 2057. Pumping rates were increased between 0 and 4 percent per year starting with the 2006 rates for all wells in the model. Sustained pumping at 2006 rates was feasible at the five pumping centers until 2057; however, increases in pumping resulted in dewatering the aquifer and thus pumpage increases were not sustainable in Carthage and Noel for the 1 percent per year pumpage increase and greater hypothetical scenarios, and in Joplin and Miami for the 4 percent per year pumpage increase hypothetical scenarios.
Zone-budget analyses were performed to assess the groundwater flow into and out of three zones specified within the Ozark-aquifer layer of the model. The three zones represented the model part of the Ozark aquifer in Kansas (zone 1), Oklahoma (zone 2), and Missouri and Arkansas (zone 3). Groundwater pumping causes substantial reductions in water in storage and induces flow through the Ozark confining unit for all hypothetical scenarios evaluated. Net simulated flow in 2057 from Kansas (zone 1) to Missouri (zone 3) ranges from 74,044 cubic feet per day for 2006 pumping rates (hypothetical scenario 1) to 625,319 cubic feet per day for a 4 percent increase in pumping per year (hypothetical scenario 5). Pumping from wells completed in the Ozark aquifer is the largest component of flow out of zone 3 in Missouri and Arkansas, and varies between 88 to 91 percent of the total flow out of zone 3 for all of the hypothetical scenarios. The largest component of flow into Oklahoma (zone 2) comes from the overlying Ozark confining unit, which is consistently about 45 percent of the total. Flow from the release of water in storage, from general-head boundaries, and from zones 1 and 3 is considerably smaller values that range from 3 to 22 percent of the total flow into zone 2. The largest flow out of the Oklahoma part of the model occurs from pumping from wells and ranges from 52 to 69 percent of the total.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095148","isbn":"9781411325142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., Gillip, J.A., Jones, P.M., and Yeatts, D.S., 2009, Groundwater-flow model of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5148, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095148.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5148.jpg"},{"id":12955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":345245,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5148/pdf/SIR2009-5148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.703125,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 38.50519140240356\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 38.09133660751176\n ],\n [\n -94.844970703125,\n 37.86618078529668\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -95.43823242187499,\n 37.15156050223665\n ],\n [\n -95.55908203125,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -95.49316406249999,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 35.71975793933433\n ],\n [\n -94.141845703125,\n 35.79108281624994\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 35.77325759103725\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -90.582275390625,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 36.80048816579081\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -90.384521484375,\n 38.108627664321276\n ],\n [\n -90.384521484375,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 38.634036452919226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"Two-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport models were applied to a 34-mile reach of the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio, upstream to Meldahl Dam near Neville, Ohio. The hydrodynamic model was based on the generalized finite-element hydrodynamic code RMA2 to simulate depth-averaged velocities and flow depths. The generalized water-quality transport code RMA4 was applied to simulate the transport of vertically mixed, water-soluble constituents that have a density similar to that of water. Boundary conditions for hydrodynamic simulations included water levels at the U.S. Geological Survey water-level gaging station near Cincinnati, Ohio, and flow estimates based on a gate rating at Meldahl Dam. Flows estimated on the basis of the gate rating were adjusted with limited flow-measurement data to more nearly reflect current conditions. An initial calibration of the hydrodynamic model was based on data from acoustic Doppler current profiler surveys and water-level information. These data provided flows, horizontal water velocities, water levels, and flow depths needed to estimate hydrodynamic parameters related to channel resistance to flow and eddy viscosity. Similarly, dye concentration measurements from two dye-injection sites on each side of the river were used to develop initial estimates of transport parameters describing mixing and dye-decay characteristics needed for the transport model.
A nonlinear regression-based approach was used to estimate parameters in the hydrodynamic and transport models. Parameters describing channel resistance to flow (Manning’s “n”) were estimated in areas of deep and shallow flows as 0.0234, and 0.0275, respectively. The estimated RMA2 Peclet number, which is used to dynamically compute eddy-viscosity coefficients, was 38.3, which is in the range of 15 to 40 that is typically considered appropriate. Resulting hydrodynamic simulations explained 98.8 percent of the variability in depth-averaged flows, 90.0 percent of the variability in water levels, 93.5 percent of the variability in flow depths, and 92.5 percent of the variability in velocities.
Estimates of the water-quality-transport-model parameters describing turbulent mixing characteristics converged to different values for the two dye-injection reaches. For the Big Indian Creek dye-injection study, an RMA4 Peclet number of 37.2 was estimated, which was within the recommended range of 15 to 40, and similar to the RMA2 Peclet number. The estimated dye-decay coefficient was 0.323. Simulated dye concentrations explained 90.2 percent of the variations in measured dye concentrations for the Big Indian Creek injection study. For the dye-injection reach starting downstream from Twelvemile Creek, however, an RMA4 Peclet number of 173 was estimated, which is far outside the recommended range. Simulated dye concentrations were similar to measured concentration distributions at the first four transects downstream from the dye-injection site that were considered vertically mixed. Farther downstream, however, simulated concentrations did not match the attenuation of maximum concentrations or cross-channel transport of dye that were measured. The difficulty of determining a consistent RMA4 Peclet was related to the two-dimension model assumption that velocity distributions are closely approximated by their depth-averaged values. Analysis of velocity data showed significant variations in velocity direction with depth in channel reaches with curvature. Channel irregularities (including curvatures, depth irregularities, and shoreline variations) apparently produce transverse currents that affect the distribution of constituents, but are not fully accounted for in a two-dimensional model. The two-dimensional flow model, using channel resistance to flow parameters of 0.0234 and 0.0275 for deep and shallow areas, respectively, and an RMA2 Peclet number of 38.3, and the RMA4 transport model with a Peclet number of 37.2, may have utility for emergency-planning purposes. Emergency-response efforts would be enhanced by continuous streamgaging records downstream from Meldahl Dam, real-time water-quality monitoring, and three-dimensional modeling. Decay coefficients are constituent specific.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Greater Cincinnati Water Works and the American Water Works Association Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., 2009, An initial investigation of multidimensional flow and transverse mixing characteristics of the Ohio River near Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5107, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095107.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5107.jpg"},{"id":12956,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.633333,\n 39.216667\n ],\n [\n -84.633333,\n 38.766667\n ],\n [\n -84.116667,\n 38.766667\n ],\n [\n -84.116667,\n 39.216667\n ],\n [\n -84.633333,\n 39.216667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97787,"text":"sir20095119 - 2009 - Reconnaissance of pharmaceutical chemicals in urban streams of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T08:37:14","indexId":"sir20095119","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5119","title":"Reconnaissance of pharmaceutical chemicals in urban streams of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 2002","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of pharmaceutical chemicals in urban streams of the Tualatin River basin was conducted in July 2002 in an effort to better understand the occurrence and distribution of such compounds, and to determine whether they might be useful indicators of human-related stream contamination. Of the 21 pharmaceutical chemicals and metabolites tested, only 6 (acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, codeine, cotinine, and sulfamethoxazole) were detected in filtered stream samples from 10 sites. The concentrations of most of the detected compounds were relatively low (less than 0.05 microgram per liter). The most frequently detected compounds were cotinine (a nicotine metabolite, 8 of 10 samples) and caffeine (a stimulant, 7 of 10 samples). More compounds were detected in urban stream samples than in samples from forested or agricultural drainages.\r\n\r\nFiltered water samples also were collected from four locations within an advanced wastewater treatment facility to quantify the relative amounts of these chemicals in a municipal waste stream and to determine the degree to which those chemicals are removed by treatment processes. Fifteen pharmaceutical chemicals or metabolites were detected in wastewater treatment facility influent, with concentrations far exceeding those measured in streams. Only five of those compounds, however, were detected in the treated effluent (carbamazepine, cotinine, ibuprofen, metformin, and sulfamethoxazole) and most of those were at concentrations less than 0.2 microgram per liter.\r\n\r\nThe target pharmaceutical chemicals and metabolites showed limited potential for use as tracers of specific types of human-related contamination in Tualatin River basin streams because of widespread sources (caffeine, for example) or extremely low concentrations. Caffeine and cotinine are likely to be good indicators of sources that can occur in urban areas, such as sewage spills or leaks or the widespread use and careless disposal of tobacco products and caffeine-containing beverages. Neither compound, however, is likely to be a good tracer for a specific source unless that source is large. The presence of 1,7-dimethylxanthine (a caffeine metabolite) concurrently with caffeine might indicate the presence of untreated wastewater; in contrast, the absence of the metabolite might help rule out that source. Acetaminophen might make a good tracer for untreated wastewater because of its common usage, high concentration in raw wastewater, and effective removal via treatment. Carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole have the potential to be good indicators of treated wastewater because of their incomplete removal in treatment facilities. Some of these pharmaceutical chemicals, either singly or in combination, might prove useful as tracers of contamination after further study.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., Doyle, M.C., Edwards, P.M., and Furlong, E.T., 2009, Reconnaissance of pharmaceutical chemicals in urban streams of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5119, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095119.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","temporalStart":"2002-07-01","temporalEnd":"2002-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5119.jpg"},{"id":12954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,45.25 ], [ -123.5,45.833333333333336 ], [ -122.41666666666667,45.833333333333336 ], [ -122.41666666666667,45.25 ], [ -123.5,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, Micelis C. 0000-0003-0968-7809 mcdoyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-7809","contributorId":3446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Micelis","email":"mcdoyle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Patrick M.","contributorId":84869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97784,"text":"sir20095039 - 2009 - Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Coastal Plain Aquifer System of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20095039","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5039","title":"Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Coastal Plain Aquifer System of Virginia","docAbstract":"The groundwater model documented in this report simulates the transient evolution of water levels in the aquifers and confining units of the Virginia Coastal Plain and adjacent portions of Maryland and North Carolina since 1890. Groundwater withdrawals have lowered water levels in Virginia Coastal Plain aquifers and have resulted in drawdown in the Potomac aquifer exceeding 200 feet in some areas. The discovery of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater and a revised conceptualization of the Potomac aquifer are two major changes to the hydrogeologic framework that have been incorporated into the groundwater model. The spatial scale of the model was selected on the basis of the primary function of the model of assessing the regional water-level responses of the confined aquifers beneath the Coastal Plain. The local horizontal groundwater flow through the surficial aquifer is not intended to be accurately simulated. Representation of recharge, evapotranspiration, and interaction with surface-water features, such as major rivers, lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean, enable simulation of shallow flow-system details that influence locations of recharge to and discharge from the deeper confined flow system. The increased density of groundwater associated with the transition from fresh to salty groundwater near the Atlantic Ocean affects regional groundwater flow and was simulated with the Variable Density Flow Process of SEAWAT (a U.S. Geological Survey program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density groundwater flow and transport). The groundwater density distribution was generated by a separate 108,000-year simulation of Pleistocene freshwater flushing around the Chesapeake Bay impact crater during transient sea-level changes. Specified-flux boundaries simulate increasing groundwater underflow out of the model domain into Maryland and minor underflow from the Piedmont Province into the model domain. Reported withdrawals accounted for approximately 75 percent of the total groundwater withdrawn from Coastal Plain aquifers during the year 2000. Unreported self-supplied withdrawals were simulated in the groundwater model by specifying their probable locations, magnitudes, and aquifer assignments on the basis of a separate study of domestic-well characteristics in Virginia. The groundwater flow model was calibrated to 7,183 historic water-level observations from 497 observation wells with the parameter-estimation codes UCODE-2005 and PEST. Most water-level observations were from the Potomac aquifer system, which permitted a more complex spatial distribution of simulated hydraulic conductivity within the Potomac aquifer than was possible for other aquifers. Zone, function, and pilot-point approaches were used to distribute assigned hydraulic properties within the aquifer system. The good fit (root mean square error = 3.6 feet) of simulated to observed water levels and reasonableness of the estimated parameter values indicate the model is a good representation of the physical groundwater flow system. The magnitudes and temporal and spatial distributions of residuals indicate no appreciable model bias. The model is intended to be useful for predicting changes in regional groundwater levels in the confined aquifer system in response to future pumping. Because the transient release of water stored in low-permeability confining units is simulated, drawdowns resulting from simulated pumping stresses may change substantially through time before reaching steady state. Consequently, transient simulations of water levels at different future times will be more accurate than a steady-state simulation for evaluating probable future aquifer-system responses to proposed pumping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095039","isbn":"9781411324183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., and Pope, J.P., 2009, Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Coastal Plain Aquifer System of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5039, x, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095039.","productDescription":"x, 117 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5039.jpg"},{"id":12951,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.25,36.25 ], [ -78.25,39.25 ], [ -75,39.25 ], [ -75,36.25 ], [ -78.25,36.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2b71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles E. cheywood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","email":"cheywood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97783,"text":"ofr20091173 - 2009 - Remediation of Mudboil Discharges in the Tully Valley of Central New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20091173","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1173","title":"Remediation of Mudboil Discharges in the Tully Valley of Central New York","docAbstract":"Mudboils have been documented in the Tully Valley in Onondaga County, in central New York State, since the late 1890s and have continuously discharged sediment-laden (turbid) water into nearby Onondaga Creek since the 1950s. The discharge of sediment causes gradual land-surface subsidence that, in the past, necessitated rerouting a major petroleum pipeline and a buried telephone cable, and caused two road bridges to collapse. The turbid water discharged from mudboils can be either fresh or brackish (salty).\r\n\r\nMudboil activity was first reported in the Syracuse, NY, Post Standard in a short article dated October 19, 1899:\r\n\r\n\r\n'Tully Valley - A Miniature Volcano Few people are aware of the existence of a volcano in this town. It is a small one, to be sure, but very interesting. In the 20-rod gorge where the crossroad leads by the Tully Valley grist mill the hard highway bed has been rising foot after foot till the apex of a cone which has been booming has broken open and quicksand and water flow down the miniature mountain sides. It is an ever increasing cone obliterating wagon tracks as soon as crossed. The nearby bluff is slowly sinking. Probably the highway must sometime be changed on account of the sand and water volcano, unless it ceases its eruption.'\r\n\r\nThis newspaper article accurately describes mudboil activity and presages the collapse of the Otisco Road bridge, 92 years later in 1991. The article indicates that land subsidence occurred nearby, but gives no indication that Onondaga Creek was turbid; this was either an oversight by the reporter or was not a concern at that time.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091173","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., 2009, Remediation of Mudboil Discharges in the Tully Valley of Central New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1173, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091173.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1173.jpg"},{"id":12950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155513,"text":"70155513 - 2009 - Water quality and phytoplankton communities in Lake Pontchartrain during and after the Bonnet Carre Spillway opening, April to October 2008, in Louisiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T15:32:38.712593","indexId":"70155513","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality and phytoplankton communities in Lake Pontchartrain during and after the Bonnet Carre Spillway opening, April to October 2008, in Louisiana, USA","docAbstract":"The Bonnet Carré Spillway, located 28 miles northwest of New Orleans, was constructed in the early 1930s as part of an integrated flood-control system for the lower Mississippi River system. From 11 April to 8 May 2008, Mississippi River water was diverted through the spillway into the 629-square-mile Lake Pontchartrain, which is hydraulically connected to the Gulf of Mexico. On 8 April, prior to the opening of the spillway, water-quality instruments were deployed and recorded hourly measurements of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH, and nitrate. Discrete water-quality and phytoplankton (algae) samples were collected in Lake Pontchartrain from 8 April to 3 October 2008 to assess the water-quality nutrient enrichment effects of the diversion on the lake. The maximum influence of river water in the southern portion of the lake was captured with continuous (hourly) monitoring of nitrate concentrations, and field measurements such as of specific conductance during the critical period in late April to early May. By late May, the deployed instruments had recorded the arrival, peak, and decline of selected constituents associated with the freshwater influx from the Mississippi River/Bonnet Carré Spillway diversion. The continuous monitoring data showed the short-term interactions of high-nitrate, low-specific conductance river water and low-nitrate, high-specific conductance lake water. The phytoplankton community composition, as an indicator of water quality, illustrated an extended response from the river water evident even after the continuous and discrete samples indicated that the lake had returned to pre-diversion conditions. The initial phytoplankton community response to nutrient increases was related to accumulations of diatoms. During periods of low nutrient concentrations, accumulations of blue-greens occurred by July and August. As blue-green algae cell densities and biovolumes increased in the summer, so did the species richness of blue-green algae, particularly the harmful algae bloom taxa. Cell densities and biovolume of the phytoplankton lake indicator taxa Skeletonema costatum, Anabaena sp., and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were highest and dominated the diatom and blue-green algae communities during the period of most river water influence on the lake and immediately following the freshwater inflows. The dominance and recession of these indictor taxa reflect the dramatic changes that occurred in the phytoplankton community in response to an increase in nutrient-rich freshwater from the diversion into the lake, and not normal seasonal phytoplankton compositional differences. Water-quality data indicated a gradual reversion to pre-diversion lake conditions by June to July, but shifts in the phytoplankton composition were still evident through August 2008. Observations from this study were similar to results from previous studies of Mississippi River/Bonnet Carré Spillway diversion opening in 1997.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-009-0157-3","usgsCitation":"Mize, S.V., and Demcheck, D.K., 2009, Water quality and phytoplankton communities in Lake Pontchartrain during and after the Bonnet Carre Spillway opening, April to October 2008, in Louisiana, USA: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 29, no. 6, p. 431-440, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-009-0157-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"440","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013979","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.79750804386207,\n 30.09598329068683\n ],\n [\n -89.73740744123775,\n 30.158107981344017\n ],\n [\n -89.75939546658773,\n 30.202458815703892\n ],\n [\n -89.84734756798979,\n 30.23159277525322\n ],\n [\n -89.87959667183709,\n 30.259451965256503\n ],\n [\n -89.9836733251621,\n 30.26451642383178\n ],\n [\n -89.99686614037222,\n 30.31008479373388\n ],\n [\n -90.04230805942966,\n 30.33033060632812\n ],\n [\n -90.07162542656344,\n 30.355631987190918\n ],\n [\n -90.20208771030872,\n 30.389778473851607\n ],\n [\n -90.41463862202899,\n 30.20752621101461\n ],\n [\n -90.43809251573644,\n 30.13529120898457\n ],\n [\n -90.40877514860264,\n 30.07442069628327\n ],\n [\n -90.34281107255129,\n 30.04270246080661\n ],\n [\n -90.3281523889844,\n 30.03128140894536\n ],\n [\n -90.32375478391413,\n 30.051584590975324\n ],\n [\n -90.28710807499725,\n 30.051584590975324\n ],\n [\n -90.24166615593981,\n 30.04143352005238\n ],\n [\n -90.1595775279648,\n 30.01985904087043\n ],\n [\n -90.05256913792627,\n 30.03128140894536\n ],\n [\n -89.96021943145465,\n 30.063003302155423\n ],\n [\n -89.8825284085499,\n 30.140362058862593\n ],\n [\n -89.86347211991344,\n 30.147967845118785\n ],\n [\n -89.83122301606613,\n 30.08837350007731\n ],\n [\n -89.7931104387918,\n 30.09344675889558\n ],\n [\n -89.80043978057559,\n 30.09598329068683\n ],\n [\n -89.79750804386207,\n 30.09598329068683\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb39e4b08400b1fdb732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":565631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97780,"text":"ofr20091167 - 2009 - Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge Workbook Summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20091167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1167","title":"Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge Workbook Summary","docAbstract":"The Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge in eastern Maine is currently developing a comprehensive conservation plan (CCP) that will guide Refuge management over the next 15 years. Workbooks were provided to local residents as part of the scoping process in order to get feedback on current and future management issues from the public. The workbooks asked questions regarding residents' use of the Refuge, conservation problems and issues in the region, the acceptability of Refuge management actions, and the importance of, satisfaction with, and acceptability of various activities allowed on the Refuge. The focus of this report is to present the results of the completed workbooks. Because of the small number of returned workbooks, it is not possible to generalize these findings to the broader public, nor is it possible to determine if respondents represent the average user. However, the results do provide an idea of possible conflicts and important issues that the Refuge may have to address in the future. The permitted uses of the Refuge are one possible conflict area. Many respondents were supportive of consumptive recreation (hunting, fishing, and trapping), but a few were adamantly opposed to these sorts of activities on the Refuge. Another issue that received several comments was motorized recreation. While some people felt strongly that ATVs and snowmobiles should be allowed, others felt just as strongly that motorized recreation of any type should not be allowed in the Refuge. Many in the sample were also very concerned about Refuge development and its effects on the human and natural environments. Issues mentioned include the loss of access to private land for consumptive recreation, concern about fish and wildlife habitat degradation, and water quality.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091167","usgsCitation":"Montag, J.M., and Stinchfield, H.M., 2009, Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge Workbook Summary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1167, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091167.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1167.jpg"},{"id":12947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montag, Jessica M.","contributorId":105007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montag","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stinchfield, Holly M.","contributorId":100495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinchfield","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97782,"text":"ds307 - 2009 - Data on mercury in water, bed sediment, and fish from streams across the United States, 1998-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:48:55","indexId":"ds307","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"307","title":"Data on mercury in water, bed sediment, and fish from streams across the United States, 1998-2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs conducted the National Mercury Pilot Study in 1998 to examine relations of mercury (Hg) in water, bed sediment and fish in streams across the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. Water and bed-sediment samples were analyzed for total Hg (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and other constituents; fish were analyzed for THg. Similar sampling was conducted at additional streams across the country in 2002 and 2004-05. This report summarizes sample collection and processing protocols, analytical methods, environmental data, and quality-assurance data for stream water, bed sediment, and fish for these national studies. To extend the geographic coverage of the data, this report also includes four regional USGS Hg studies conducted during 1998-2001 and 2004. The environmental data for these national and regional Hg studies are provided in an electronic format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds307","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N.J., Chasar, L.C., Scudder, B.C., Moran, P.W., Hitt, K.J., Brigham, M.E., Lutz, M., and Wentz, D.A., 2009, Data on mercury in water, bed sediment, and fish from streams across the United States, 1998-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 307, viii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds307.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_307.jpg"},{"id":12949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie J.","contributorId":54565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":97781,"text":"cir1340 - 2009 - Effects of Water-Management Strategies on Water Resources in the Pawcatuck River Basin, Southwestern Rhode Island and Southeastern Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:43:50","indexId":"cir1340","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1340","title":"Effects of Water-Management Strategies on Water Resources in the Pawcatuck River Basin, Southwestern Rhode Island and Southeastern Connecticut","docAbstract":"The Pawcatuck River Basin in southwestern Rhode Island and southeastern Connecticut is an important high-quality water resource for domestic and public supplies, irrigation, recreation, and the aquatic ecosystem. Concerns about the effects of water withdrawals on aquatic habitat in the basin have prompted local, State, and Federal agencies to explore water-management strategies that minimize the effects of withdrawals on the aquatic habitat. As part of this process, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Rhode Island Water Resources Board completed a study to assess the effects of current (2000-04) and potential water withdrawals on streamflows and groundwater levels using hydrologic simulation models developed for the basin. The major findings of the model simulations are:\r\n \r\n*Moving highly variable seasonal irrigation withdrawals from streams to groundwater wells away from streams reduces short-term fluctuations in streamflow and increases streamflow in the summer when flows are lowest. This occurs because of the inherent time lag between when water is withdrawn from the aquifer and when it affects streamflow. \r\n*A pumped well in the vicinity of small streams indicates that if withdrawals exceed available streamflow, groundwater levels drop substantially as a consequence of water lost from aquifer storage, which may reduce the time wetlands and vernal pools are saturated, affecting the animal and plant life that depend on these habitats. \r\n*The effects of pumping on water resources such as ponds, streams, and wetlands can be minimized by relocating pumping wells, implementing seasonal pumping schemes that utilize different wells and pumping rates, or both. \r\n*The effects of projected land-use change, mostly from forest to low- and medium density housing, indicate only minor changes in streamflow at the subbasin scale examined; however, at a local scale, high flows could increase, and low flows could decrease as a result of increased impervious area. In some instances, low flows could increase slightly as a result of decreased evapotranspiration from the loss of deeprooted vegetation (forest) associated with development. \r\n*In some subbasins where large areas of agricultural lands were converted to low- and medium-density housing, low flows increase because the consumptive domestic water use was projected to be less than consumptive agricultural water use. All agricultural water use was for irrigation purposes and was assumed to be lost from the basin through evapotranspiration. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1340","isbn":"9781411325289","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., Zarriello, P.J., Bent, G.C., Masterson, J., Granato, G., Scherer, J.E., and Crawley, K., 2009, Effects of Water-Management Strategies on Water Resources in the Pawcatuck River Basin, Southwestern Rhode Island and Southeastern Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1340, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1340.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1340/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1340.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,41.25 ], [ -72,41.75 ], [ -71.41666666666667,41.75 ], [ -71.41666666666667,41.25 ], [ -72,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scherer, J. Eric","contributorId":48267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crawley, Kathleen M.","contributorId":106594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawley","given":"Kathleen M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148206,"text":"70148206 - 2009 - Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal tides in San Pedro Bay, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T09:37:46","indexId":"70148206","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal tides in San Pedro Bay, CA","docAbstract":"In the summer of 2001, a coastal ocean measurement program in the southeastern portion of San Pedro Bay, CA, was designed and carried out. One aim of the program was to determine the strength and effectiveness of local cross-shelf transport processes. A particular objective was to assess the ability of semidiurnal internal tidal currents to move suspended material a net distance across the shelf. Hence, a dense array of moorings was deployed across the shelf to monitor the transport patterns associated with fluctuations in currents, temperature and salinity. An associated hydrographic program periodically monitored synoptic changes in the spatial patterns of temperature, salinity, nutrients and bacteria. This set of measurements show that a series of energetic internal tides can, but do not always, transport subthermocline water, dissolved and suspended material from the middle of the shelf into the surfzone. Effective cross-shelf transport occurs only when (1) internal tides at the shelf break are strong and (2) subtidal currents flow strongly downcoast. The subtidal downcoast flow causes isotherms to tilt upward toward the coast, which allows energetic, nonlinear internal tidal currents to carry subthermocline waters into the surfzone. During these events, which may last for several days, the transported water remains in the surfzone until the internal tidal current pulses and/or the downcoast subtidal currents disappear. This nonlinear internal tide cross-shelf transport process was capable of carrying water and the associated suspended or dissolved material from the mid-shelf into the surfzone, but there were no observation of transport from the shelf break into the surfzone. Dissolved nutrients and suspended particulates (such as phytoplankton) transported from the mid-shelf into the nearshore region by nonlinear internal tides may contribute to nearshore algal blooms, including harmful algal blooms that occur off local beaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"North Pacific Marine Science Organization","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2009.04.008","usgsCitation":"Noble, M.A., Burt Jones, Hamilton, P., Xu, J., George Robertson, Rosenfeld, L., and John Largier, 2009, Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal tides in San Pedro Bay, CA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 29, no. 15, p. 1768-1785, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.04.008.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1768","endPage":"1785","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007787","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.28155517578125,\n 33.704920213014425\n ],\n [\n -118.25271606445312,\n 33.74489664315623\n ],\n [\n -118.18679809570312,\n 33.76773195605407\n ],\n [\n -118.1414794921875,\n 33.757456817972894\n ],\n [\n -118.07556152343749,\n 33.71862851510573\n ],\n [\n -118.02749633789061,\n 33.678639851675555\n ],\n [\n -118.0316162109375,\n 33.65921007223414\n ],\n [\n -118.28155517578125,\n 33.704920213014425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659937e4b0d9246a9eb612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burt Jones","contributorId":140912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt Jones","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, Peter","contributorId":140916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13615,"text":"Science Applications International Corporation, Raleigh, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"George Robertson","contributorId":140913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George Robertson","affiliations":[{"id":13427,"text":"Orange County Sanitation District, Huntington Beach, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenfeld, Leslie 0000-0002-0768-819X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-819X","contributorId":140915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenfeld","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13614,"text":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"John Largier","contributorId":140914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"John Largier","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97776,"text":"ofr20091077 - 2009 - Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban stormwater, Madison, Wisconsin, 2005–08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T18:18:08.669946","indexId":"ofr20091077","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1077","title":"Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban stormwater, Madison, Wisconsin, 2005–08","docAbstract":"Concentrations of 18 PAH compounds were characterized from six urban source areas (parking lots, feeder street, collector street, arterial street, rooftop, and strip mall) around Madison, Wisconsin. Parking lots were categorized into those that were or were not sealed. On average, chrysene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were the dominant PAH compounds in all urban stormwater samples. Geometric mean concentrations for most individual PAH compounds were significantly greater for a parking lot that was sealed than for lots that were not sealed. Results from this study are consistent with similar studies that measured PAH concentrations in urban stormwater samples in Marquette, Mich., and Madison, Wis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091077","isbn":"9781411324367","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., 2009, Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban stormwater, Madison, Wisconsin, 2005–08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1077, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091077.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87079.htm"},{"id":12943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1077/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1077.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5175,43.050555555555555 ], [ -89.5175,43.13361111111111 ], [ -89.28472222222221,43.13361111111111 ], [ -89.28472222222221,43.050555555555555 ], [ -89.5175,43.050555555555555 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a547a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97778,"text":"sir20095109 - 2009 - Mercury in fish, bed sediment, and water from streams across the United States, 1998-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T11:06:22","indexId":"sir20095109","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5109","title":"Mercury in fish, bed sediment, and water from streams across the United States, 1998-2005","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) was examined in top-predator fish, bed sediment, and water from streams that spanned regional and national gradients of Hg source strength and other factors thought to influence methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation. Sampled settings include stream basins that were agricultural, urbanized, undeveloped (forested, grassland, shrubland, and wetland land cover), and mined (for gold and Hg). Each site was sampled one time during seasonal low flow. Predator fish were targeted for collection, and composited samples of fish (primarily skin-off fillets) were analyzed for total Hg (THg), as most of the Hg found in fish tissue (95-99 percent) is MeHg. Samples of bed sediment and stream water were analyzed for THg, MeHg, and characteristics thought to affect Hg methylation, such as loss-on-ignition (LOI, a measure of organic matter content) and acid-volatile sulfide in bed sediment, and pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved sulfate in water. Fish-Hg concentrations at 27 percent of sampled sites exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency human-health criterion of 0.3 micrograms per gram wet weight. Exceedances were geographically widespread, although the study design targeted specific sites and fish species and sizes, so results do not represent a true nationwide percentage of exceedances. The highest THg concentrations in fish were from blackwater coastal-plain streams draining forests or wetlands in the eastern and southeastern United States, as well as from streams draining gold- or Hg-mined basins in the western United States (1.80 and 1.95 micrograms THg per gram wet weight, respectively). For unmined basins, length-normalized Hg concentrations in largemouth bass were significantly higher in fish from predominantly undeveloped or mixed-land-use basins compared to urban basins. Hg concentrations in largemouth bass from unmined basins were correlated positively with basin percentages of evergreen forest and also woody wetland, especially with increasing proximity of these two land-cover types to the sampling site; this underscores the greater likelihood for Hg bioaccumulation to occur in these types of settings. Increasing concentrations of MeHg in unfiltered stream water, and of bed-sediment MeHg normalized by LOI, and decreasing pH and dissolved sulfate were also important in explaining increasing Hg concentrations in largemouth bass. MeHg concentrations in bed sediment correlated positively with THg, LOI, and acid-volatile sulfide. Concentrations of MeHg in water correlated positively with DOC, ultraviolet absorbance, and THg in water, the percentage of MeHg in bed sediment, and the percentage of wetland in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095109","usgsCitation":"Scudder, B.C., Chasar, L.C., Wentz, D.A., Bauch, N.J., Brigham, M.E., Moran, P.W., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2009, Mercury in fish, bed sediment, and water from streams across the United States, 1998-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5109, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095109.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12945,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5109.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,23 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -65,50 ], [ -65,23 ], [ -125,23 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db614023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97777,"text":"sir20095157 - 2009 - Water Budgets of the Walker River Basin and Walker Lake, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095157","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5157","title":"Water Budgets of the Walker River Basin and Walker Lake, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"The Walker River is the main source of inflow to Walker Lake, a closed-basin lake in west-central Nevada. The only outflow from Walker Lake is evaporation from the lake surface. Between 1882 and 2008, upstream agricultural diversions resulted in a lake-level decline of more than 150 feet and storage loss of 7,400,000 acre-feet. Evaporative concentration increased dissolved solids from 2,500 to 17,000 milligrams per liter. The increase in salinity threatens the survival of the Lahontan cutthroat trout, a native species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This report describes streamflow in the Walker River basin and an updated water budget of Walker Lake with emphasis on the lower Walker River basin downstream from Wabuska, Nevada. Water budgets are based on average annual flows for a 30-year period (1971-2000).\r\n\r\nTotal surface-water inflow to the upper Walker River basin upstream from Wabuska was estimated to be 387,000 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr). About 223,000 acre-ft/yr (58 percent) is from the West Fork of the Walker River; 145,000 acre-ft/yr (37 percent) is from the East Fork of the Walker River; 17,000 acre-ft/yr (4 percent) is from the Sweetwater Range; and 2,000 acre-ft/yr (less than 1 percent) is from the Bodie Mountains, Pine Grove Hills, and western Wassuk Range. Outflow from the upper Walker River basin is 138,000 acre-ft/yr at Wabuska. About 249,000 acre-ft/yr (64 percent) of inflow is diverted for irrigation, transpired by riparian vegetation, evaporates from lakes and reservoirs, and recharges alluvial aquifers.\r\n\r\nStream losses in Antelope, Smith, and Bridgeport Valleys are due to evaporation from reservoirs and agricultural diversions with negligible stream infiltration or riparian evapotranspiration. Diversion rates in Antelope and Smith Valleys were estimated to be 3.0 feet per year (ft/yr) in each valley. Irrigated fields receive an additional 0.8 ft of precipitation, groundwater pumpage, or both for a total applied-water rate of 3.8 ft/yr. The average corrected total evapotranspiration rate for alfalfa is 3.2 ft/yr so about 0.6 ft/yr (15 percent) flushes salts from the soil. The diversion rate in Bridgeport Valley was estimated to be 1.1 ft/yr and precipitation is 1.3 ft/yr. The total applied-water rate of 2.4 ft/yr is used to irrigate pasture grass.\r\n\r\nThe total applied water rate in the East Fork of the Walker River and Mason Valley was estimated to be 4.8 ft/yr in each valley. The higher rate likely is due to appreciable infiltration, riparian evapotranspiration, or both. Assuming a diversion rate of 3.0 ft/yr, stream loss due to infiltration and riparian evapotranspiration is about 3,000 acre-ft/yr along the East Fork of the Walker River and 14,000 acre-ft/yr in Mason Valley.\r\n\r\nIn the lower Walker River basin, overall and groundwater budgets were calculated for Wabuska to Schurz, Nev., and Schurz to Walker Lake. An overall water budget was calculated for the combined reaches. Imbalances in the water budgets range from 1 to 7 percent, which are insignificant statistically, so the water budgets balance. Total inflow to the Wabuska-Walker Lake reach from the river and others sources is 140,000 acre-ft/yr. Stream and subsurface discharge into the northern end of Walker Lake totals 110,000 acre-ft/yr. About 30,000 acre-ft/yr is lost on the Walker River Indian Reservation from agricultural evapotranspiration, evapotranspiration by native and invasive vegetation, domestic pumpage, and subsurface outflow from the basin through Double Spring and the Wabuska lineament.\r\n\r\nAlfalfa fields in the upper Walker River basin are lush and have an average corrected total evapotranspiration rate of 3.2 ft/yr. Alfalfa fields on the Walker River Indian Reservation are not as lush and have a total corrected evapotranspiration rate of 1.6-2.1 ft/yr, which partly could be due to alkaline soils that were submerged by Pleistocene Lake Lahontan. The total applied-water rate is 7.0 ft/yr, almost twice the ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095157","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Allander, K.K., 2009, Water Budgets of the Walker River Basin and Walker Lake, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5157, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095157.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5157.jpg"},{"id":12944,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ], [ -119.83333333333333,39.25 ], [ -118.16666666666667,39.25 ], [ -118.16666666666667,37.666666666666664 ], [ -119.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97774,"text":"sir20095155 - 2009 - Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5155","title":"Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada","docAbstract":"The Walker River is the main source of inflow to Walker Lake, a closed-basin lake in west-central Nevada. Between 1882 and 2008, agricultural diversions resulted in a lake-level decline of more than 150 feet and storage loss of 7,400,000 acre-ft. Evaporative concentration increased dissolved solids from 2,500 to 17,000 milligrams per liter. The increase in salinity threatens the survival of the Lahontan cutthroat trout, a native species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This report describes the hydrologic setting of the Walker River basin and a conceptual hydrologic model of the relations among streams, groundwater, and Walker Lake with emphasis on the lower Walker River basin from Wabuska to Hawthorne, Nevada. \r\n\r\nThe Walker River basin is about 3,950 square miles and straddles the California-Nevada border. Most streamflow originates as snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada. Spring runoff from the Sierra Nevada typically reaches its peak during late May to early June with as much as 2,800 cubic feet per second in the Walker River near Wabuska. Typically, 3 to 4 consecutive years of below average streamflow are followed by 1 or 2 years of average or above average streamflow.\r\n\r\nMountain ranges are comprised of consolidated rocks with low hydraulic conductivities, but consolidated rocks transmit water where fractured. Unconsolidated sediments include fluvial deposits along the active channel of the Walker River, valley floors, alluvial slopes, and a playa. Sand and gravel deposited by the Walker River likely are discontinuous strata throughout the valley floor. Thick clay strata likely were deposited in Pleistocene Lake Lahontan and are horizontally continuous, except where strata have been eroded by the Walker River. At Walker Lake, sediments mostly are clay interbedded with alluvial slope, fluvial, and deltaic deposits along the lake margins. Coarse sediments form a multilayered, confined-aquifer system that could extend several miles from the shoreline.\r\n\r\nDepth to bedrock in the lower Walker River basin ranges from about 900 to 2,000 feet. The average hydraulic conductivity of the alluvial aquifer in the lower Walker River basin is 10-30 feet per day, except where comprised of fluvial sediments. Fluvial sediments along the Walker River have an average hydraulic conductivity of 70 feet per day. Subsurface flow was estimated to be 2,700 acre-feet per year through Double Spring. Subsurface discharge to Walker Lake was estimated to be 4,400 acre-feet per year from the south and 10,400 acre-feet per year from the north.\r\n\r\nGroundwater levels and groundwater storage have declined steadily in most of Smith and Mason Valleys since 1960. Groundwater levels around Schurz, Nevada, have changed little during the past 50 years. In the Whisky Flat area south of Hawthorne, Nevada, agricultural and municipal pumpage has lowered groundwater levels since 1956. The water-level decline in Walker Lake since 1882 has caused the surrounding alluvial aquifer to drain and groundwater levels to decline.\r\n\r\nThe Wabuska streamflow-gaging station in northern Mason Valley demarcates the upper and lower Walker River basin. The hydrology of the lower Walker River basin is considerably different than the upper basin. The upper basin consists of valleys separated by consolidated-rock mountains. The alluvial aquifer in each valley thins or pinches out at the downstream end, forcing most groundwater to discharge along the river near where the river is gaged. The lower Walker River basin is one surface-water/groundwater system of losing and gaining reaches from Wabuska to Walker Lake, which makes determining stream losses and the direction and amount of subsurface flow difficult.\r\n\r\nIsotopic data indicate surface water and groundwater in the lower Walker River basin are from two sources of precipitation that have evaporated. The Walker River, groundwater along the Wassuk Range, and Walker Lake plot along one evaporation line. Groundwater along th","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Allander, K.K., 2009, Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5155, Report: x, 85 p.; Plate: 24 x 28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095155.","productDescription":"Report: x, 85 p.; Plate: 24 x 28 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438847,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9US1B3S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for the 2009 report Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada"},{"id":125616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5155.jpg"},{"id":12937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ], [ -119.83333333333333,39.25 ], [ -118.16666666666667,39.25 ], [ -118.16666666666667,37.666666666666664 ], [ -119.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97768,"text":"ds458 - 2009 - Boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, north-central Colorado, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T11:33:41","indexId":"ds458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"458","title":"Boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, north-central Colorado, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"This vector data set delineates the approximate boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer (ERWVFA). This data set was developed by a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, Eagle County, the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, the Town of Eagle, the Town of Gypsum, and the Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority. This project was designed to evaluate potential land-development effects on groundwater and surface-water resources so that informed land-use and water management decisions can be made. The boundary of the ERWVFA was developed by combining information from two data sources. The first data source was a 1:250,000-scale geologic map of the Leadville quadrangle developed by Day and others (1999). The location of Quaternary sediments was used as a first approximation of the ERWVFA. The boundary of the ERWVFA was further refined by overlaying the geologic map with Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) scanned images of 1:24,000 topographic maps (U.S. Geological Survey, 2001). Where appropriate, the boundary of the ERWVFA was remapped to correspond with the edge of the valley-fill aquifer marked by an abrupt change in topography at the edge of the valley floor throughout the Eagle River watershed. The boundary of the ERWVFA more closely resembles a hydrogeomorphic region presented by Rupert (2003, p. 8) because it is based upon general geographic extents of geologic materials and not on an actual aquifer location as would be determined through a rigorous hydrogeologic investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds458","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., and Plummer, N., 2009, Boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, north-central Colorado, 2006-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 458, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds458.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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