Samples were collected from wild birds in western Alaska to assess dispersal of influenza A viruses between East Asia and North America. Two isolates shared nearly identical nucleotide identity at eight genomic segments with H9N2 viruses isolated from China and South Korea providing evidence for intercontinental dispersal by migratory birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.028","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Reeves, A.B., Sonsthagen, S.A., Teslaa, J.L., Nashold, S.W., Donnelly, T.F., Casler, B., and Hall, J.S., 2015, Dispersal of H9N2 influenza A viruses between East Asia and North America by wild birds: Virology, v. 482, p. 79-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.028.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062096","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.028","text":"Publisher Index 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Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) were identified as useful indicators in pelagic and benthic nearshore food webs, respectively. To examine the support for bottom-up limitations, common oceanographic indices of production [sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling, and chlorophyll-a concentration] during summer (April–September) were compared to spatial and temporal differences in fish growth using linear mixed models. The relationship between pelagic black rockfish growth and SST was positive in the cooler Alaska Coastal Current and negative in the warmer California Current. These contrasting growth responses to SST among current systems are consistent with the optimal stability window hypothesis in which pelagic production is maximized at intermediate levels of water column stability. Increased growth rates of black rockfish were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations in the California Current only, but black rockfish growth was unrelated to the upwelling index in either current system. Benthic kelp greenling growth rates were positively associated with warmer temperatures and relaxation of downwelling (upwelling index near zero) in the Alaska Coastal Current, while none of the oceanographic indices were related to their growth in the California Current. Overall, our results are consistent with bottom-up forcing of nearshore marine ecosystems—light and nutrients constrain primary production in pelagic food webs, and temperature constrains benthic food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Kruse, G.H., Mueter, F.J., Black, B.A., Douglas, D.C., Helser, T.E., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2015, Evidence of bottom-up limitations in nearshore marine systems based on otolith proxies of fish growth: Marine Biology, v. 162, no. 5, p. 1019-1031, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1031","ipdsId":"IP-057775","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebbee4b0da30c1bfc67b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, Gordon H.","contributorId":187450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueter, Franz J.","contributorId":131144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueter","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, Bryan A.","contributorId":68448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helser, Thomas E.","contributorId":203203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helser","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36580,"text":"Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190555,"text":"70190555 - 2015 - Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T12:05:54","indexId":"70190555","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake","title":"Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 28 October 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake was a megathrust earthquake along the very obliquely convergent Queen Charlotte margin of British Columbia, Canada. Coseismic deformation is not well constrained by geodesy, with only six Global Positioning System (GPS) sites and two tide gauge stations within 250 km of the rupture area. To better constrain vertical coseismic deformation, we measured the upper growth limits of two sessile intertidal organisms, which are controlled by physical conditions, relative to sea level at 25 sites 5 months after the earthquake. We measured the positions of rockweed (Fucus distichus, 617 observations) and the common acorn barnacle (Balanus balanoides, 686 observations). The study focused on the western side of the islands where rupture models indicated that the greatest amount of vertical displacement, but we also investigated sites well away from the inferred rupture area to provide a control on the upper limit of the organisms unaffected by vertical displacement. We also made 322 measurements of sea level to relate the growth limits to a tidal datum using the TPXO7.2 tidal model, rather than ellipsoid heights determined by GPS. Three methods of examining the data all indicate 0.4–0.6 m subsidence along the western coast of Moresby Island as a result of the 28 October 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake. Our data are, within the errors, consistent with data from two campaign GPS sites along the west coast of Haida Gwaii and with rupture models that indicate megathrust rupture offshore, but not beneath, the islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of Amercia","doi":"10.1785/0120140197","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Witter, R., and Wang, K., 2015, Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 2B, p. 1265-1279, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140197.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1279","ipdsId":"IP-061096","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","volume":"105","issue":"2B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b25b01e4b020cdf7db1fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":194791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159318,"text":"70159318 - 2015 - Strontium isotopes delineate fine-scale natal origins and migration histories of Pacific salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T09:51:30","indexId":"70159318","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopes delineate fine-scale natal origins and migration histories of Pacific salmon","docAbstract":"Highly migratory organisms present major challenges to conservation efforts. This is especially true for exploited anadromous fish species, which exhibit long-range dispersals from natal sites, complex population structures, and extensive mixing of distinct populations during exploitation. By tracing the migratory histories of individual Chinook salmon caught in fisheries using strontium isotopes, we determined the relative production of natal habitats at fine spatial scales and different life histories. Although strontium isotopes have been widely used in provenance research, we present a new robust framework to simultaneously assess natal sources and migrations of individuals within fishery harvests through time. Our results pave the way for investigating how fine-scale habitat production and life histories of salmon respond to perturbations—providing crucial insights for conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.1400124","usgsCitation":"Brennan, S.R., Zimmerman, C.E., Fernandez, D.P., Cerling, T.E., McPhee, M.V., and Wooller, M., 2015, Strontium isotopes delineate fine-scale natal origins and migration histories of Pacific salmon: Science Advances, v. 1, no. 4, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400124.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057789","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400124","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nushagak River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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For the State of South Carolina, elevation data are critical for flood risk management, natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, infrastructure and construction management, forest resources management, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153029","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3029, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153029.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059996","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153029.jpg"},{"id":300002,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3029/"},{"id":300003,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3029/pdf/fs2015-3029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"811 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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It has been steadily advancing since it was first mapped in 1895; occasionally, the advance creates an ice or sediment dam that blocks a tributary fjord (Russell Fiord). The sustained advance raises the probability of long-term closure in the near-future, which will strongly impact the ecosystem of Russell Fiord and the nearby community of Yakutat. Here, we examine a 43-year record of flow speeds and terminus position to understand the large-scale dynamics of Hubbard Glacier. Our long-term record shows that the rate of terminus advance has increased slightly since 1895, with the exception of a slowed advance between approximately 1972 and 1984. The short-lived closure events in 1986 and 2002 were not initiated by perturbations in ice velocity or environmental forcings, but were likely due to fluctuations in sedimentation patterns at the terminus. 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","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biv027","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., Hood, E., Bidlack, A.L., Fleming, S.W., Arimitsu, M.L., Arendt, A., Burgess, E.W., Sergeant, C.J., Beaudreau, A., Timm, K., Hayward, G., Reynolds, J.H., and Pyare, S., 2015, Icefield-to-ocean linkages across the northern Pacific coastal temperate rainforest ecosystem: BioScience, v. 65, no. 5, p. 499-512, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv027.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056781","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv027","text":"Publisher Index 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E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Timm, Kristin","contributorId":139461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timm","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hayward, Gregory D.","contributorId":112302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Gregory D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Reynolds, Joel H.","contributorId":140498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pyare, Sanjay","contributorId":47135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyare","given":"Sanjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70189143,"text":"70189143 - 2015 - Focused exhumation along megathrust splay faults in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T21:52:48.299759","indexId":"70189143","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Focused exhumation along megathrust splay faults in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Megathrust splay faults are a common feature of accretionary prisms and can be important for generating tsunamis during some subduction zone earthquakes. Here we provide new evidence from Alaska that megathrust splay faults have been conduits for focused exhumation in the last 5 Ma. In most of central Prince William Sound, published and new low-temperature thermochronology data indicate little to no permanent rock uplift over tens of thousands of earthquake cycles. However, in southern Prince William Sound on Montague Island, apatite (U–Th)/He ages are as young as 1.1 Ma indicating focused and rapid rock uplift. Montague Island lies in the hanging wall of the Patton Bay megathrust splay fault system, which ruptured during the 1964 M9.2 earthquake and produced ∼9 m of vertical uplift. Recent geochronology and thermochronology studies show rapid exhumation within the last 5 Ma in a pattern similar to the coseismic uplift in the 1964 earthquake, demonstrating that splay fault slip is a long term (3–5 my) phenomena. The region of slower exhumation correlates with rocks that are older and metamorphosed and constitute a mechanically strong backstop. The region of rapid exhumation consists of much younger and weakly metamorphosed rocks, which we infer are mechanically weak. The region of rapid exhumation is separated from the region of slow exhumation by the newly identified Montague Strait Fault. New sparker high-resolution bathymetry, seismic reflection profiles, and a 2012 Mw4.8 earthquake show this feature as a 75-km-long high-angle active normal fault. There are numerous smaller active normal(?) faults in the region between the Montague Strait Fault and the splay faults. We interpret this hanging wall extension as developing between the rapidly uplifting sliver of younger and weaker rocks on Montague Island from the essentially fixed region to the north. Deep seismic reflection profiles show the splay faults root into the subduction megathrust where there is probable underplating. Thus the exhumation and extension in the hanging wall are likely driven by underplating along the megathrust décollement, thickening in the overriding plate and a change in rheology at the Montague Strait Fault to form a structural backstop. A comparison with other megathrust splay faults around the world shows they have significant variability in their characteristics, and the conditions for their formation are not particularly unique.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.013","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Armstrong, P., Liberty, L.M., Ferguson, K.M., Finn, S., Arkle, J.C., and Pratt, T.L., 2015, Focused exhumation along megathrust splay faults in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 113, p. 8-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.013.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-060463","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472128,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148,\n 60.75\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 59.8750\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 59.8750\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 60.75\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 60.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595b579ae4b0d1f9f0536dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Phillip A","contributorId":169931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Phillip A","affiliations":[{"id":25628,"text":"Geological Sciences, California State University Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liberty, Lee M","contributorId":194078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liberty","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferguson, Kelly M","contributorId":169930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":25628,"text":"Geological Sciences, California State University Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, Shaun P","contributorId":194079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finn","given":"Shaun P","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arkle, Jeannette C","contributorId":194080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arkle","given":"Jeannette","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70147254,"text":"70147254 - 2015 - Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:41:28","indexId":"70147254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","docAbstract":"Identification of ecological factors that drive animal distributions allows us to understand why distributions vary temporally and spatially, and to develop models to predict future changes to populations–vital tools for effective wildlife management and conservation. For waterbird broods in the boreal forest, distributions are likely driven by factors affecting quality of nesting and brood-rearing habitats, and the influence of these factors may extend beyond singles species, affecting the entire waterbird community. We used occupancy models to assess factors influencing species richness of waterbird broods on 72 boreal lakes, along with brood distributions of 3 species of conservation concern: lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca), and horned grebe (Podiceps auritus). Factors examined included abundance of invertebrate foods (Amphipoda, Diptera, Gastropoda, Hemiptera, Odonata), physical lake attributes (lake area, emergent vegetation), water chemistry (nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations), and nesting habitats (water edge, non-forest cover). Of the 5 invertebrates, only amphipod density was related to richness and occupancy, consistently having a large and positive relationship. Despite this importance to waterbirds, amphipods were the most patchily distributed invertebrate, with 17% of the study lakes containing 70% of collected amphipods. Lake area was the only other covariate that strongly and positively influenced species richness and occupancy of scaup, scoters, and grebes. All 3 water chemistry covariates, which provided alternative measures of lake productivity, were positively related to species richness but had little effect on scaup, scoter, and grebe occupancy. Conversely, emergent vegetation was negatively related to richness, reflecting avoidance of overgrown lakes by broods. Finally, nesting habitats had no influence on richness and occupancy, indicating that, at a broad spatial scale, brood distributions are largely driven by the presence of quality brood-rearing lakes, not nesting habitats. Our findings are relevant to generating conservation plans or management goals; specifically, boreal lakes with abundant amphipods and surface areas >25 ha are important habitat for waterbird broods and merit conservation, especially given the patchy distribution of amphipods. Moreover, these high quality brood-rearing lakes are much rarer, and thus more constraining, than are quality nesting habitats, which are likely abundant in the boreal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Lindberg, M., Schmutz, J.A., Bertram, M.R., and Dubour, A.J., 2015, Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 2, p. 296-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053141","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ],\n [\n -146.326904296875,\n 66.3132419108725\n ],\n [\n -144.64599609375,\n 65.96437717203096\n ],\n [\n -143.843994140625,\n 66.45408107252952\n ],\n [\n -145.843505859375,\n 66.77458576472547\n ],\n [\n -148.721923828125,\n 66.46943736242146\n ],\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2d1e4b0a658d793b243","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lewis Tyler L., Lindberg Mark S., Schmutz Joel A., Bertram Mark R., Dubour Adam J.","journalName":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","publicationDate":"2/2015","auditedOn":"2/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler L.","contributorId":22904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler L.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertram, Mark R.","contributorId":140463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertram","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubour, Adam J.","contributorId":140464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubour","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147246,"text":"70147246 - 2015 - Projected changes in wildlife habitats in Arctic natural areas of northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-29T10:49:20","indexId":"70147246","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected changes in wildlife habitats in Arctic natural areas of northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"We project the effects of transitional changes among 60 vegetation and other land cover types (“ecotypes”) in northwest Alaska over the 21st century on habitats of 162 bird and 39 mammal species known or expected to occur regularly in the region. This analysis, encompassing a broad suite of arctic and boreal wildlife species, entailed building wildlife-habitat matrices denoting levels of use of each ecotype by each species, and projecting habitat changes under historic and expected accelerated future rates of change from increasing mean annual air temperature based on the average of 5 global climate models under the A1B emissions scenario, and from potential influence of a set of 23 biophysical drivers. Under historic rates of change, we project that 52 % of the 201 species will experience an increase in medium- and high-use habitats, 3 % no change, and 45 % a decrease, and that a greater proportion of mammal species (62 %) will experience habitat declines than will bird species (50 %). Outcomes become more dire (more species showing habitat loss) under projections made from effects of biophysical drivers and especially from increasing temperature, although species generally associated with increasing shrub and tree ecotypes will likely increase in distribution. Changes in wildlife habitats likely will also affect trophic cascades, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services; of particular significance are the projected declines in habitats of most small mammals that form the prey base for mesocarnivores and raptors, and habitat declines in 25 of the 50 bird and mammal species used for subsistence hunting and trapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10584-015-1354-x","usgsCitation":"Marcot, B.G., Jorgenson, M., Lawler, J.P., Handel, C.M., and DeGange, A.R., 2015, Projected changes in wildlife habitats in Arctic natural areas of northwest Alaska: Climatic Change, v. 130, no. 2, p. 145-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1354-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051464","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 69.64180371719554\n ],\n [\n -147.54638671875,\n 68.1142934226025\n ],\n [\n -150.380859375,\n 65.82978060097156\n ],\n [\n -146.75537109375,\n 65.68543021881813\n ],\n [\n -153.017578125,\n 62.60345318745799\n ],\n [\n -161.16943359375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -161.1474609375,\n 64.83959712503844\n ],\n [\n -162.8173828125,\n 64.41592147626879\n ],\n [\n -164.970703125,\n 64.42540840023825\n ],\n [\n -166.376953125,\n 64.60503753178526\n ],\n [\n -166.97021484375,\n 65.09064558256851\n ],\n [\n -168.1787109375,\n 65.5766364488888\n ],\n [\n -168.15673828125,\n 65.70351820774201\n ],\n [\n -165.87158203125,\n 66.38155976071747\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 66.59194802140541\n ],\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 66.6181218846659\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 66.11606752151663\n ],\n [\n -162.0263671875,\n 66.09826847519165\n ],\n [\n -161.96044921875,\n 66.4957404570233\n ],\n [\n -162.70751953125,\n 66.8265202749748\n ],\n [\n -162.9052734375,\n 67.01600934917997\n ],\n [\n -163.828125,\n 67.09310451852075\n ],\n [\n -164.1796875,\n 67.60084926188547\n ],\n [\n -166.04736328125,\n 68.09790669983556\n ],\n [\n -166.97021484375,\n 68.31814602144938\n ],\n [\n -166.2451171875,\n 68.89518688943544\n ],\n [\n -165.03662109375,\n 68.89518688943544\n ],\n [\n -163.5205078125,\n 69.17037257214531\n ],\n [\n -163.16894531249997,\n 69.61120561869633\n ],\n [\n -163.10302734375,\n 69.78654510363337\n ],\n [\n -162.0263671875,\n 70.31133703000764\n ],\n [\n -161.279296875,\n 70.29652611323709\n ],\n [\n -159.697265625,\n 70.82303119876653\n ],\n [\n -158.994140625,\n 70.90226826757711\n ],\n [\n -158.203125,\n 70.83746143540387\n ],\n [\n -156.64306640625,\n 71.38514208411497\n ],\n [\n -154.84130859375,\n 71.15229435506139\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 71.01695975726373\n ],\n [\n -153.8525390625,\n 70.89507794040429\n ],\n [\n -153.1494140625,\n 70.93818084177704\n ],\n [\n -152.138671875,\n 70.84467263425277\n ],\n [\n -152.38037109375,\n 70.64905077016431\n ],\n [\n -150.97412109375,\n 70.46620742226558\n ],\n [\n -149.87548828125,\n 70.52489722821652\n ],\n [\n -149.1943359375,\n 70.52489722821652\n ],\n [\n -146.93115234375,\n 70.19999407534661\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 70.22231091600497\n ],\n [\n -145.78857421875,\n 70.17765306430529\n ],\n [\n -144.90966796874997,\n 70.02058730174062\n ],\n [\n -144.47021484375,\n 70.04309814378463\n ],\n [\n -143.67919921874997,\n 70.15528786010351\n ],\n [\n -142.5146484375,\n 70.05059634999756\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 69.64180371719554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2cbe4b0a658d793b227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":140456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. 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Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James P.","contributorId":140458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173511,"text":"70173511 - 2015 - Migratory Patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-flowing River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T15:54:31","indexId":"70173511","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory Patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-flowing River Basin","docAbstract":"Upriver movements were determined for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Yukon River, a large, virtually pristine river basin. These returns have declined dramatically since the late 1990s, and information is needed to better manage the run and facilitate conservation efforts. A total of 2,860 fish were radio tagged during 2002–2004. Most (97.5%) of the fish tracked upriver to spawning areas displayed continual upriver movements and strong fidelity to the terminal tributaries entered. Movement rates were substantially slower for fish spawning in lower river tributaries (28–40 km d-1) compared to upper basin stocks (52–62 km d-1). Three distinct migratory patterns were observed, including a gradual decline, pronounced decline, and substantial increase in movement rate as the fish moved upriver. Stocks destined for the same region exhibited similar migratory patterns. Individual fish within a stock showed substantial variation, but tended to reflect the regional pattern. Differences between consistently faster and slower fish explained 74% of the within-stock variation, whereas relative shifts in sequential movement rates between “hares” (faster fish becoming slower) and “tortoises” (slow but steady fish) explained 22% of the variation. Pulses of fish moving upriver were not cohesive. Fish tagged over a 4-day period took 16 days to pass a site 872 km upriver. Movement rates were substantially faster and the percentage of atypical movements considerably less than reported in more southerly drainages, but may reflect the pristine conditions within the Yukon River, wild origins of the fish, and discrete run timing of the returns. Movement data can provide numerous insights into the status and management of salmon returns, particularly in large river drainages with widely scattered fisheries where management actions in the lower river potentially impact harvests and escapement farther upstream. However, the substantial variation exhibited among individual fish within a stock can complicate these efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0123127","usgsCitation":"Eiler, J.H., Evans, A., and Schreck, C.B., 2015, Migratory Patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-flowing River Basin: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123127.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057144","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 62.12443624549497\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 66.31986144668052\n ],\n [\n -157.1923828125,\n 67.97463396204759\n ],\n [\n -150.205078125,\n 69.67235784229395\n ],\n [\n -143.8330078125,\n 69.59589006237648\n ],\n [\n -136.58203125,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -137.724609375,\n 66.42553717157787\n ],\n [\n -127.79296875,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -126.826171875,\n 65.5129625532949\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 61.01572481397616\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 58.92733441827545\n ],\n [\n -131.396484375,\n 59.17592824927136\n ],\n [\n -134.912109375,\n 60.4788788301667\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -146.2939453125,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb7e4b07657d19ba785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eiler, John H.","contributorId":146952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Allison N.","contributorId":64088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Allison N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 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Body condition has historically been monitored by measuring blubber thickness over the xiphoid process (sternum). This may be an unreliable condition index because blubber at other sites along the body may be preferentially targeted to balance energetic demands. Animals in aquaria provided an opportunity for controlled study of how blubber topography is altered by caloric intake. Morphology, body mass, blubber thickness (21 sites), and caloric intake of five mature, nonpregnant, nonlactating female walruses were measured monthly (12 month minimum). Body condition (mass × standard length−1) was described by a model that included caloric intake and a seasonal effect, and scaled positively with estimates of total blubber mass. Blubber thicknesses (1.91–10.69 cm) varied topographically and were similar to values reported for free-ranging female walruses. Body condition was most closely related to blubber thickness measured dorsomedially in the region of the anterior insertion of the pectoral flippers (shoulders); sternum blubber thickness was a relatively poor indicator of condition. This study demonstrates the importance of validating condition metrics before using them to monitor free-ranging populations.
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Nevertheless, progress on this front during the past several decades has benefited by the application of genetic technologies, and for several species, these technologies have allowed for concomitant tracking of population trends and genetic diversity, delineation of populations, assessment of gene flow among metapopulations, and understanding of migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds. This chapter provides an overview of phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and population genetics studies of North American sea duck species, many of which have sought to understand the major and minor genetic divisions within and among sea duck species, and most of which have been conducted with the understanding that the maintenance of genetic variation in wild sea duck populations is fundamental to the group’s long-term persistence.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks: Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"978-1-4822-4897-5","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., 2015, Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics, chap. 3 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks: Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, v. 46, p. 63-96.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033484","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299973,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482248975"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff654e4b09cfe53ca79b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147256,"text":"70147256 - 2015 - Habitats of North American sea ducks.","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147256,"text":"70147256 - 2015 - Habitats of North American sea ducks.","indexId":"70147256","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"13","title":"Habitats of North American sea ducks."},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:45:24","indexId":"70147256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Habitats of North American sea ducks.","docAbstract":"Breeding, molting, fall and spring staging, and wintering habitats of the sea duck tribe Mergini are described based on geographic locations and distribution in North America, geomorphology, vegetation and soil types, and fresh water and marine characteristics. The dynamics of habitats are discussed in light of natural and anthropogenic events that shape areas important to sea ducks. Strategies for sea duck habitat management are outlined and recommendations for international collaboration to preserve key terrestrial and aquatic habitats are advanced. We follow the definition of habitat advanced by Odum (1971), which is the place or space where an organism lives. Weller (1999) emphasized that habitats for waterbirds required presence of sufficient resources (i.e., food, water, cover, space) for maintenance during a portion of their annual cycle. Habitats exploited by North American sea ducks are diverse, widespread across the continent and adjacent marine waters and until recently, most were only superficially known. A 15-year-long effort funded research on sea duck habitats through the Sea Duck Joint Venture and the Endangered or Threatened Species programs of the United States and Canada. Nevertheless, important gaps remain in our understanding of key elements required by some species during various life stages. Many significant habitats, especially staging and wintering sites, have been and continue to be destroyed or altered by anthropogenic activities. The goal of this chapter is to develop a comprehensive summary of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats and their characteristics by considering sea duck species with similar needs as groups within the tribe Mergini. Additionally, we examine threats and changes to sea duck habitats from human-caused and natural events. Last, we evaluate conservation and management programs underway or available for maintenance and enhancement of habitats critical for sea ducks.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-015-1690-3","usgsCitation":"Haynes, T.B., Schmutz, J.A., Bromaghin, J.F., Iverson, S.J., Padula, V.M., and Rosenberger, A.E., 2015, Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis: Polar Biology, v. 38, no. 8, p. 1239-1247, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1690-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1239","endPage":"1247","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061290","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H993BH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fatty acid signature data of potential yellow-billed loon prey in the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska, 2009-2011"},{"id":335486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7H993BH","text":"Fatty acid signature data of potential yellow-billed loon prey in the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska, 2009-2011"},{"id":319337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.18,\n 71.0\n ],\n [\n -157.18,\n 70.0\n ],\n [\n -154.18,\n 70.0\n ],\n [\n -154.18,\n 71.0\n ],\n [\n -157.18,\n 71.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fb7e4b0f59b85e1ead9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, T B","contributorId":167768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"T","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":24825,"text":"School of Fish and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, S J","contributorId":167769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"S","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":24826,"text":"Department of Biology, Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Padula, V. 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Some authors have suggested that terrestrial food consumption by polar bears will help them withstand sea-ice loss as they are forced to spend increasing amounts of time on land. Here, we evaluate the nutritional needs of polar bears as well as the physiological and environmental constraints that shape their use of terrestrial ecosystems. Only small numbers of polar bears have been documented consuming terrestrial foods even in modest quantities. Over much of the polar bear's range, limited terrestrial food availability supports only low densities of much smaller, resident brown bears (Ursus arctos), which use low-quality resources more efficiently and may compete with polar bears in these areas. Where consumption of terrestrial foods has been documented, polar bear body condition and survival rates have declined even as land use has increased. Thus far, observed consumption of terrestrial food by polar bears has been insufficient to offset lost ice-based hunting opportunities but can have ecological consequences for other species. Warming-induced loss of sea ice remains the primary threat faced by polar bears.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/140202","usgsCitation":"Rode, K.D., Robbins, C.T., Nelson, L., and Amstrup, S.C., 2015, Can polar bears use terrestrial foods to offset lost ice-based hunting opportunities?: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 13, no. 3, p. 138-145, https://doi.org/10.1890/140202.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057990","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/140202","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","volume":"13","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551d0899e4b0256c24f4214c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":32436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Lynne","contributorId":140043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Lynne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148532,"text":"70148532 - 2015 - Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T09:56:46","indexId":"70148532","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2025,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds","docAbstract":"To understand the role of migratory birds in the movement and transmission of haematozoa within and between continental regions, we examined 804 blood samples collected from eleven endemic species of South American waterfowl in Peru and Argentina for infection by Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and/or Leucocytozono blood parasites. Infections were detected in 25 individuals of six species for an overall apparent prevalence rate of 3.1%. Analysis of haematozoa mitochondrial DNA revealed twelve distinct parasite haplotypes infecting South American waterfowl, four of which were identical to lineages previously observed infecting ducks and swans sampled in North America. Analysis of parasite mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed close phylogenetic relationships between lineages originating from waterfowl samples regardless of continental affiliation. In contrast, more distant phylogenetic relationships were observed between parasite lineages from waterfowl and passerines sampled in South America for Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, suggesting some level of host specificity for parasites of these genera. The detection of identical parasite lineages in endemic, South American waterfowl and North American ducks and swans, paired with the close phylogenetic relationships of haematozoa infecting waterfowl on both continents, provides evidence for parasite redistribution between these regions by migratory birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Australian Society for Parasitology","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.M., and Ramey, A.M., 2015, Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds: International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, v. 4, no. 1, p. 22-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056200","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02dfe4b023124e8edf38","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Smith Matthew M., Ramey Andrew M.","journalName":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","publicationDate":"4/2015","auditedOn":"2/8/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"12/22/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Matthew M. 0000-0002-2259-5135 mmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-5135","contributorId":5115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Matthew","email":"mmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147976,"text":"70147976 - 2015 - A real-time, quantitative PCR protocol for assessing the relative parasitemia of Leucocytozoon in waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T09:38:52","indexId":"70147976","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2390,"text":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A real-time, quantitative PCR protocol for assessing the relative parasitemia of Leucocytozoon in waterfowl","docAbstract":"Microscopic examination of blood smears can be effective at diagnosing and quantifying hematozoa infections. However, this method requires highly trained observers, is time consuming, and may be inaccurate for detection of infections at low levels of parasitemia. To develop a molecular methodology for identifying and quantifying Leucocytozoon parasite infection in wild waterfowl (Anseriformes), we designed a real-time, quantitative PCR protocol to amplify Leucocytozoon mitochondrial DNA using TaqMan fluorogenic probes and validated our methodology using blood samples collected from waterfowl in interior Alaska during late summer and autumn (n = 105). By comparing our qPCR results to those derived from a widely used nested PCR protocol, we determined that our assay showed high levels of sensitivity (91%) and specificity (100%) in detecting Leucocytozoon DNA from host blood samples. Additionally, results of a linear regression revealed significant correlation between the raw measure of parasitemia produced by our qPCR assay (Ct values) and numbers of parasites observed on blood smears (R2 = 0.694, P = 0.003), indicating that our assay can reliably determine the relative parasitemia levels among samples. This methodology provides a powerful new tool for studies assessing effects of haemosporidian infection in wild avian species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.027","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.M., Schmutz, J.A., Apelgren, C., and Ramey, A.M., 2015, A real-time, quantitative PCR protocol for assessing the relative parasitemia of Leucocytozoon in waterfowl: Journal of Microbiological Methods, v. 111, p. 72-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.027.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061964","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2ade4b0a92fa7e93bce","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.027","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.027","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Smith Matthew M., Schmutz Joel, Apelgren Chloe, Ramey Andrew M.","journalName":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","publicationDate":"4/2015","auditedOn":"3/9/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Matthew M. 0000-0002-2259-5135 mmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-5135","contributorId":5115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Matthew","email":"mmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Apelgren, Chloe","contributorId":140012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apelgren","given":"Chloe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13356,"text":"University of Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}