A source- and finished-water-quality assessment of groundwater was conducted in the Piedmont Physiographic Province of Maryland and Virginia in the Potomac River Basin during 2003-04 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. This assessment used a two-phased approach to sampling that allowed investigators to evaluate the occurrence of more than 280 anthropogenic organic compounds (volatile organic compounds, pesticides and pesticide degradates, and other anthropogenic organic compounds). Analysis of waters from 15 of the largest community water systems in the study area were included in the assessment. Source-water samples (raw-water samples collected prior to treatment) were collected at the well head. Finished-water samples (raw water that had been treated and disinfected) were collected after treatment and prior to distribution. Phase one samples, collected in August and September 2003, focused on source water. Phase two analyzed both source and finished water, and samples were collected in August and October of 2004. The results from phase one showed that samples collected from the source water for 15 community water systems contained 92 anthropogenic organic compounds (41 volatile organic compounds, 37 pesticides and pesticide degradates, and 14 other anthropogenic organic compounds). The 5 most frequently occurring anthropogenic organic compounds were detected in 11 of the 15 source-water samples. Deethylatrazine, a degradate of atrazine, was present in all 15 samples and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, a degradate of metolachlor, and chloroform were present in 13 samples. Atrazine and metolachlor were present in 12 and 11 samples, respectively. All samples contained a mixture of compounds with an average of about 14 compounds per sample. Phase two sampling focused on 10 of the 15 community water systems that were selected for resampling on the basis of occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds detected most frequently during the first phase. A total of 48 different anthropogenic organic compounds were detected in samples collected from source and finished water. There were a similar number of compounds detected in finished water (41) and in source water (39). The most commonly detected group of anthropogenic organic compounds in finished water was trihalomethanes - compounds associated with the disinfection of drinking water. This group of compounds accounted for 30 percent of the detections in source water and 44 percent of the detections in finished water, and were generally found in higher concentrations in finished water. Excluding trihalomethanes, the number of total detections was about the same in source-water samples (33) as it was in finished-water samples (35). During both phases of the study, two measurements for human-health assessment were used. The first, the Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water, is set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and represents a legally enforceable maximum concentration of a contaminant permitted in drinking water. The second, the Health-Based Screening Level, was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, is not legally enforceable, and represents a limit for more chronic exposures. Maximum concentrations for each detected compound were compared with either the Maximum Contaminant Level or the Health-Based Screening Level when available. More than half of the compounds detected had either a Maximum Contaminant Level or a Health-Based Screening Level. A benchmark quotient was set at 10 percent (greater than or equal to 0.1) of the ratio of the detected concentration of a particular compound to its Maximum Contaminant Level, or Health-Based Screening Level. This was considered a threshold for further monitoring. During phase one, when only source water was sampled, seven compounds (chloroform, benzene, acrylonitrile, methylene chloride, atrazine, alachlor, and dieldrin) met or exceeded a benchmark quotient.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095064","usgsCitation":"Banks, W.S., and Reyes, B., 2009, Anthropogenic organic compounds in source and finished groundwater of community water systems in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, Potomac River Basin, Maryland and Virginia, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5064, viii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095064.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5064.jpg"},{"id":415377,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87077.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Piedmont Physiographic Province, Potomac River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.0833,\n 39.7167\n ],\n [\n -78.0833,\n 38.4167\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38.4167\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 39.7167\n ],\n [\n -78.0833,\n 39.7167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, William S.L.","contributorId":35281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97761,"text":"sir20095151 - 2009 - Impact of wildfire on levels of mercury in forested watershed systems: Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T20:58:12.687327","indexId":"sir20095151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5151","title":"Impact of wildfire on levels of mercury in forested watershed systems: Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition of mercury to remote lakes in mid-continental and eastern North America has increased approximately threefold since the mid-1800s (Swain and others, 1992; Fitzgerald and others, 1998; Engstrom and others, 2007). As a result, concerns for human and wildlife health related to mercury contamination have become widespread. Despite an apparent recent decline in atmospheric deposition of mercury in many areas of the Upper Midwest (Engstrom and Swain, 1997; Engstrom and others, 2007), lakes in which fish contain levels of mercury deemed unacceptable for human consumption and possibly unacceptable for fish-consuming wildlife are being detected with increasing frequency. In northern Minnesota, Voyageurs National Park (VNP) (fig. 1) protects a series of southern boreal lakes and wetlands situated on bedrock of the Precambrian Canadian Shield. Mercury contamination has become a significant resource issue within VNP as high concentrations of mercury in loons, bald eagle eaglets, grebes, northern pike, and other species of wildlife and fish have been found. The two most mercury-contaminated lakes in Minnesota, measured as methylmercury in northern pike (Esox lucius), are in VNP.
Recent multidisciplinary U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research demonstrated that the bulk of the mercury in lake waters, soils, and fish in VNP results from atmospheric deposition (Wiener and others, 2006). The study by Wiener and others (2006) showed that the spatial distribution of mercury in watershed soils, lake waters, and age-1 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) within the Park was highly variable. The majority of factors correlated for this earlier study suggested that mercury concentrations in lake waters and age-1 yellow perch reflected the influence of ecosystem processes that affected within-lake microbial production and abundance of methylmercury (Wiener and others, 2006), while the distribution of mercury in watershed soils seemed to be partially dependent on forest disturbance, especially the historic forest fire pattern (Woodruff and Cannon, 2002).
Forest fire has an essential role in the forest ecosystems of VNP (Heinselman, 1996). Because resource and land managers need to integrate both natural wildfire and prescribed fire in management plans, the potential influence of fire on an element as sensitive to the environment as mercury becomes a critical part of their decisionmaking. A number of recent studies have shown that while fire does have a significant impact on mercury at the landscape level, the observed effects of fire on aquatic environments are highly variable and unpredictable (Caldwell and others, 2000; Garcia and Carrigan, 2000; Kelly and others, 2006; Nelson and others, 2007). Caldwell and others (2000) described an increase in methylmercury in reservoir sediments resulting from mobilization and transport of charred vegetative matter following a fire in New Mexico. Krabbenhoft and Fink (2000) attributed increases in total mercury concentrations in young-of-the-year fish in the Florida Everglades to release of mercury resulting from peat oxidation following fires. A fivefold increase in whole-body mercury accumulation by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following a fire in Alberta, Canada, apparently resulted from increased nutrient concentrations that enhanced productivity and restructured the food web of a lake within the fire’s burn footprint (Kelly and others, 2006).
For this study, we determined the short-term effects of forest fire on mercury concentrations in terrestrial and aquatic environments in VNP by comparing and contrasting mercury concentrations in forest soils, lake waters, and age-1 yellow perch for a burned watershed and an adjacent lake, with similar samples from watersheds and lakes with no fire activity (control watersheds and lakes). The concentration of total mercury in whole, 1-year-old yellow perch serves as a good biological indicator for monitoring trends in methylmercury concentrations in food webs of lakes in North America (Wiener and others, 2007). With a limited gape, age-1 yellow perch that hatched the previous year and resided in a lake for 1 year feed largely on zooplankton and small benthic invertebrates. Thus, age-1 yellow perch provide a baseline for methylmercury concentrations for individual lakes that can be compared across spatial areas.
The nine appendixes that accompany this report contain the complete datasets for soils, lake waters, and age-1 yellow perch collected for this study. This report uses data from these three media to provide a framework for evaluating short-term effects of fire on mercury in forested soils and possible effects of the mobilization of mercury from soils on lake water quality and aquatic health.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095151","collaboration":"Preprared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Sandheinrich, M.B., Brigham, M.E., and Cannon, W.F., 2009, Impact of wildfire on levels of mercury in forested watershed systems: Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5151, Report: viii, 51 p.; 9 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095151.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; 9 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":244,"text":"Eastern Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430337,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87076.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5151.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.95,\n 48.4667\n ],\n [\n -92.95,\n 48.5447\n ],\n [\n -92.8061,\n 48.5447\n ],\n [\n -92.8061,\n 48.4667\n ],\n [\n -92.95,\n 48.4667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandheinrich, Mark B.","contributorId":86736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97757,"text":"ds457 - 2009 - Digital representation of 1:1,000,000-scale hydrographic areas of the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T18:24:08","indexId":"ds457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"457","title":"Digital representation of 1:1,000,000-scale hydrographic areas of the Great Basin","docAbstract":"Hydrographic areas (HA) in Nevada were delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Nevada Division of Water Resources in the late 1960s for scientific and administrative purposes. The official HA names, numbers, and boundaries continue to be used in USGS scientific reports and Nevada State Division of Water Resources administrative activities. HAs for the Great Basin region of the United States were mapped in the late 1980’s as part of a USGS regional assessment of aquifer systems in the Great Basin. The Great Basin HAs are being published in digital format to document the data as the basic accounting unit for past and recent hydrologic investigations in the Great Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds457","usgsCitation":"Buto, S.G., 2009, Digital representation of 1:1,000,000-scale hydrographic areas of the Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 457, iv, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds457.","productDescription":"iv, 5 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_457.jpg"},{"id":12924,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/457/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97756,"text":"ofr20091161 - 2009 - Occurrence of viable avian influenza viruses in water and bed sediments from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway, February and May 2006 and January 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:12:56","indexId":"ofr20091161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1161","title":"Occurrence of viable avian influenza viruses in water and bed sediments from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway, February and May 2006 and January 2007","docAbstract":"Water and bed-sediment samples were collected from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway and analyzed for the presence of viable avian influenza viruses. Samples were collected during February and May 2006 and January 2007 at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuges in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. Avian influenza viruses were detected in samples collected from the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge in Georgia during February 2006 and from the Santee National Wildlife Refuge in South Carolina and the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge in North Carolina during January 2007. Avian influenza virus was detected in water temperatures ranging from 11.8 to 12.7 degrees Celsius when birds were either present or had departed at least 10 days prior to sampling. Although the literature indicates that avian influenza virus persists in the environment more effectively at colder temperature regimes, these detections were made in a comparatively warmer climate at a time of the year when cooler water temperatures prevail.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091161","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M.S., Stewart, L.M., and Ip, S., 2009, Occurrence of viable avian influenza viruses in water and bed sediments from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway, February and May 2006 and January 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1161, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091161.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","temporalStart":"2006-02-01","temporalEnd":"2007-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1161.jpg"},{"id":335823,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1161/pdf/ofr2009-1161.pdf"},{"id":12923,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 37.84015683604136\n ],\n [\n -78.57421875,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 34.21634468843463\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 35.37113502280101\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 35.53222622770337\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 33.19273094190692\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -82.06787109374999,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -77.98095703125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 39.62261494094297\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, Melinda S. 0000-0002-2929-5573 msdalton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-5573","contributorId":267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"Melinda","email":"msdalton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Lisa M.","contributorId":82741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157174,"text":"70157174 - 2009 - Using a StreamPro acoustic doppler current profiler in moving-bed conditions: Problems and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T16:38:31.123761","indexId":"70157174","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using a StreamPro acoustic doppler current profiler in moving-bed conditions: Problems and solutions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Representing these features in a regional flow model can produce a more realistic and reliable simulation model. This report describes modifications to the Multi-Node Well (MNW) Package of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) three-dimensional ground-water flow model (MODFLOW). The modifications build on a previous version and add several new features, processes, and input and output options. The input structure of the revised MNW (MNW2) is more well-centered than the original verion of MNW (MNW1) and allows the user to easily define hydraulic characteristics of each multi-node well. MNW2 also allows calculations of additional head changes due to partial penetration effects, flow into a borehole through a seepage face, changes in well discharge related to changes in lift for a given pump, and intraborehole flows with a pump intake located at any specified depth within the well. MNW2 also offers an improved capability to simulate nonvertical wells. A new output option allows selected multi-node wells to be designated as 'observation wells' for which changes in selected variables with time will be written to separate output files to facilitate postprocessing. MNW2 is compatible with the MODFLOW-2000 and MODFLOW-2005 versions of MODFLOW and with the version of MODFLOW that includes the Ground-Water Transport process (MODFLOW-GWT).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 6 of Section A, Ground water, Book 30, Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A30","isbn":"9781411324886","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., Hornberger, G.Z., Halford, K.J., Hanson, R.T., and Harbaugh, A.W., 2009, Revised multi-node well (MNW2) package for MODFLOW ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A30, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A30.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a30.gif"},{"id":12922,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a30/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db6828ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, George Z.","contributorId":45806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97753,"text":"ofr20091033 - 2009 - Preliminary Geomorphic Map of the Kitsap Peninsula, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20091033","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1033","title":"Preliminary Geomorphic Map of the Kitsap Peninsula, Washington","docAbstract":"The Kitsap Peninsula, in the center of the Puget Lowland of Washington State, has been glaciated repeatedly during the last 2 million years. This geologic history is significant to our understanding of crustal deformation, ground- and surface-water resources, the distribution of fishes, and other topics. Recent high-resolution lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging; also known as airborne laser swath mapping, or ALSM) topographic surveys of much of the Puget Lowland provide a more accurate depiction of the morphology of this forested landscape than has previously been available. More accurate morphology promises more accurate mapping of unconsolidated deposits and a more detailed earth history, particularly in this low-relief forested region where outcrops are not abundant and many deposits are similar in composition. In order to clarify the chain of observation and inference that proceeds from morphology to geologic map, this map describes the distribution of morphologic units - the 2-dimensional surfaces that bound near-surface deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091033","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R.A., 2009, Preliminary Geomorphic Map of the Kitsap Peninsula, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1033, 2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 36 x 50.5 inches, Sheet 2: 29.5 x 75.5 inches; Data (zip files); ReadMe; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091033.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets - Sheet 1: 36 x 50.5 inches, Sheet 2: 29.5 x 75.5 inches; Data (zip files); ReadMe; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1033.jpg"},{"id":12919,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1033/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"6000","projection":"Washington State Plane","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60796b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97749,"text":"pp1767 - 2009 - Brine migration from a flooded salt mine in the Genesee Valley, Livingston County, New York: Geochemical modeling and simulation of variable-density flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T20:22:52.539518","indexId":"pp1767","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1767","title":"Brine migration from a flooded salt mine in the Genesee Valley, Livingston County, New York: Geochemical modeling and simulation of variable-density flow","docAbstract":"The Retsof salt mine in upstate New York was flooded from 1994 to 1996 after two roof collapses created rubble chimneys in overlying bedrock that intersected a confined aquifer in glacial sediments. The mine now contains about 60 billion liters of saturated halite brine that is slowly being displaced as the weight of overlying sediments causes the mine cavity to close, a process that could last several hundred years. Saline water was detected in the confined aquifer in 2002, and a brine-mitigation project that includes pumping followed by onsite desalination was implemented in 2006 to prevent further migration of saline water from the collapse area. A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey using geochemical and variable-density flow modeling to determine sources of salinity in the confined aquifer and to assess (1) processes that control movement and mixing of waters in the collapse area, (2) the effect of pumping on salinity, and (3) the potential for anhydrite dissolution and subsequent land subsidence resulting from mixing of waters induced by pumping.
The primary source of salinity in the collapse area is halite brine that was displaced from the flooded mine and transported upward by advection and dispersion through the rubble chimneys and surrounding deformation zone. Geochemical and variable-density modeling indicate that salinity in the upper part of the collapse area is partly derived from inflow of saline water from bedrock fracture zones during water-level recovery (January 1996 through August 2006). The lateral diversion of brine into bedrock fracture zones promoted the upward migration of mine water through mixing with lower density waters. The relative contributions of mine water, bedrock water, and aquifer water to the observed salinity profile within the collapse area are controlled by the rates of flow to and from bedrock fracture zones. Variable-density simulations of water-level recovery indicate that saline water has probably not migrated beyond the collapse area, while simulations of pumping indicate that further upward migration of brine and saline water is now prevented by groundwater withdrawals under the brine-mitigation project. Geochemical modeling indicates that additional land subsidence as a result of anhydrite dissolution in the collapse area is not a concern, as long as the rate of brine pumping is less than the rate of upward flow of brine from the flooded mine.
The collapse area above the flooded salt mine is within a glacially scoured bedrock valley that is filled with more than 150 meters of glacial drift. A confined aquifer at the bottom of the glacial sediments (referred to as the lower confined aquifer, or LCA) was the source of most of the water that flooded the mine. Two rubble chimneys that formed above the roof collapses in 1994 hydraulically connect the flooded mine to the LCA through 180 meters of sedimentary rock. From 1996 through 2006, water levels in the aquifer system recovered and the brine-displacement rate ranged from 4.4 to 1.6 liters per second, as estimated from land-surface subsidence above the mine. A zone of fracturing within the bedrock (the deformation zone) formed around the rubble chimneys as rock layers sagged toward the mine cavity after the roof collapses. Borehole geophysical surveys have identified three saline-water-bearing fracture zones in the bedrock: at stratigraphic contacts between the Onondaga and Bertie Limestones (O/B-FZ) and the Bertie Limestone and the Camillus Shale (B/C-FZ), and in the Syracuse Formation (Syr-FZ). The only outlets for brine displaced from the mine are through the rubble chimneys, but some of the brine could be diverted laterally into fracture zones in the rocks that lie between the mine and the LCA.
Inverse geochemical models developed using PHREEQC indicate that halite brine in the flooded mine is derived from a mixture of freshwater from the LCA (81 percent), saline water from bedrock fracture zones (16 percent), and an hypothesized bromide-rich brine (3 percent) assumed to originate from salt-bearing rocks above the flooded mine. Geochemical modeling results also indicate that halite brine entering the rubble chimneys is diluted by both bedrock water and aquifer water, and that water from the mine has not reached the bedrock surface. Forward geochemical models indicate that additional land subsidence could occur if pumping from the brine-mitigation project were to introduce either freshwater or bedrock water that is undersaturated with respect to anhydrite into the lower part of the rubble chimneys. In this unlikely scenario, the maximum subsidence rates are predicted to range from 0.6 to 1.1 centimeters per year—subsidence rates would be lower (0.1 to 0.6 centimeters per year) if ion-exchange reactions affect the water chemistry.
Variable-density, transient groundwater-flow models were constructed using SEAWAT to simulate the movement of saline water, aquifer water, bedrock water, and brine within the rubble chimneys and surrounding deformation zone during the 10.7-year period following flooding of the salt mine. Two three-dimensional models reproduced the profile of halite saturation with depth measured in September 2006 reasonably well, and neither model indicated that saline water had migrated beyond the collapse area. The models differed in the number of fracture zones represented: one zone in model A (O/B-FZ) and three zones in model B (O/B-FZ, B/C-FZ, and Syr-FZ). It is unknown whether model A or model B better represents current conditions because the lateral extents of the B/C-FZ and Syr-FZ have not been delineated beyond the collapse area.
In model A, the salinity of water in the upper part of the rubble chimneys is derived mainly from the inflow of bedrock water from the O/B-FZ, as indicated by geochemical models. Bedrock water that was pushed upward by brine during the 10.7-year simulation period formed a diffuse front above a nearly horizontal brine level in both chimneys. In model B, some of the salinity in the upper part of the rubble chimneys is derived from mine water. The rate of bedrock-water inflow from the O/B-FZ was lower in model B than in model A, and mixing with waters from the Syr-FZ and B/C-FZ transported mine water higher in the water column than in model A. Simulated brine levels in both chimneys sloped northward, reflecting lateral diversion of brine into the B/C-FZ, and less aquifer water was displaced from the collapse area than in model A.
Models A and B were used to simulate changes in water levels and salinity produced by pumping for the brine-mitigation project from September 2006 through February 2008. Both simulations indicated that current pumping rates are sufficient to offset upward migration of brine and saline water through the collapse area and, therefore, to further prevent contamination of the LCA. A greater decrease in salinity was simulated in model B, however, because the porosity of the rubble chimneys was lower (6 percent compared to 10 percent in model A), and some brine and saline waters were diverted through the B/C-FZ. Model B better simulates the influent saturation to the desalination plant, the amount of halite produced, and the observed declines in saturations than model A, which is more consistent with results of geochemical modeling. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the actual brine-displacement rate could be lower than estimated because simulated declines in saturations underpredict the observed decline from September 2006 through February 2008.
Although halite saturations within the upper part of the collapse area are predicted to decrease with continued pumping, brine displacement from the flooded mine is expected to continue for hundreds of years. Simulations of a shutdown of the brine-mitigation project indicate southward migration of saline water through the LCA, extending 700 meters to the model boundary within 10 years. Continued migration of saline water would eventually form a pool in the LCA in a bedrock depression 8 kilometers south of the collapse area near Sonyea, but the large relative density of the saline water would likely prevent it from reaching overlying aquifers. Simulations also indicate that brine will migrate through bedrock fracture zones—some brine could possibly emerge updip to the north where the subcrop area of the Bertie Limestone intersects the bedrock surface near Avon, but the projected time of travel is unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1767","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Attorney General's Office","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Misut, P.E., Langevin, C.D., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2009, Brine migration from a flooded salt mine in the Genesee Valley, Livingston County, New York: Geochemical modeling and simulation of variable-density flow: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1767, Report: vii, 52 p.; Animations, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1767.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 52 p.; Animations","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423583,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86941.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1767.jpg"},{"id":12915,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1767/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Livingston County","otherGeospatial":"Genesee Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.925,\n 42.9333\n ],\n [\n -77.925,\n 42.5439\n ],\n [\n -77.6556,\n 42.5439\n ],\n [\n -77.6556,\n 42.9333\n ],\n [\n -77.925,\n 42.9333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Misut, Paul E. 0000-0002-6502-5255 pemisut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-5255","contributorId":1073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","email":"pemisut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97748,"text":"sir20095056 - 2009 - Simulation of the Groundwater-Flow System in Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095056","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5056","title":"Simulation of the Groundwater-Flow System in Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Groundwater is the sole source of residential water supply in Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties, Wisconsin. A regional three-dimensional groundwater-flow model and three associated demonstration inset models were developed to simulate the groundwater-flow systems in the three-county area. The models were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the three county governments. The objectives of the regional model of Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties were to improve understanding of the groundwaterflow system and to develop a tool suitable for evaluating the effects of potential water-management programs.\r\n\r\nThe regional groundwater-flow model described in this report simulates the major hydrogeologic features of the modeled area, including bedrock and surficial aquifers, groundwater/surface-water interactions, and groundwater withdrawals from high-capacity wells. Results from the regional model indicate that about 82 percent of groundwater in the three counties is from recharge within the counties; 15 percent is from surface-water sources, consisting primarily of recirculated groundwater seepage in areas with abrupt surface-water-level changes, such as near waterfalls, dams, and the downgradient side of reservoirs and lakes; and 4 percent is from inflow across the county boundaries. Groundwater flow out of the counties is to streams (85 percent), outflow across county boundaries (14 percent), and pumping wells (1 percent). These results demonstrate that the primary source of groundwater withdrawn by pumping wells is water that recharges within the counties and would otherwise discharge to local streams and lakes.\r\n\r\nUnder current conditions, the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers are groundwater discharge locations (gaining reaches) and appear to function as 'fully penetrating' hydraulic boundaries such that groundwater does not cross between Wisconsin and Minnesota beneath them. Being hydraulic boundaries, however, they can change in response to water withdrawals. Tributary rivers act as 'partially penetrating' hydraulic boundaries such that groundwater can flow underneath them through the deep sandstone aquifers. The model also demonstrates the effects of development on groundwater in the study area. Water-level declines since predevelopment (no withdrawal wells) are most pronounced where pumping is greatest and flow between layered aquifers is impeded by confining units or faults. The maximum simulated water-level decline is about 40 feet in the deep Mount Simon aquifer below the city of Hudson, Wisconsin.\r\n\r\nThree inset models were extracted from the regional model to demonstrate the process and additional capabilities of the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW code. Although the inset models were designed to provide information about the groundwater-flow system, results from the inset models are presented for demonstration purposes only and are not sufficiently detailed or calibrated to be used for decisionmaking purposes without refinement. Simulation of groundwater/lake-water interaction around Twin Lakes near Roberts, in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, showed that groundwater represents approximately 5 to 20 percent of the overall lake-water budget. Groundwater-contributing areas to streams in western Pierce County are generally similar in size to the surface-water-contributing areas but do not necessarily correspond to the same land area. Transient streamflow simulations of Osceola Creek in Polk County demonstrate how stream base flow can be influenced not only by seasonal precipitation and recharge variability but also by systematic changes to the system, such as groundwater withdrawal from wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095056","isbn":"9781411324299","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., 2009, Simulation of the Groundwater-Flow System in Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5056, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095056.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5056.jpg"},{"id":12914,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.25,44.25 ], [ -93.25,46 ], [ -91.75,46 ], [ -91.75,44.25 ], [ -93.25,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69835e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97737,"text":"sim3086 - 2009 - Terrestrial Ecosystems - Topographic Moisture Potential of the Conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"sim3086","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3086","title":"Terrestrial Ecosystems - Topographic Moisture Potential of the Conterminous United States","docAbstract":"As part of an effort to map terrestrial ecosystems, the U.S. Geological Survey has generated topographic moisture potential classes to be used in creating maps depicting standardized, terrestrial ecosystem models for the conterminous United States, using an ecosystems classification developed by NatureServe. A biophysical stratification approach, developed for South America and now being implemented globally, was used to model the ecosystem distributions. Substrate moisture regimes strongly influence the differentiation and distribution of terrestrial ecosystems, and therefore topographic moisture potential is one of the key input layers in this biophysical stratification.\r\n\r\nThe method used to produce these topographic moisture potential classes was based on the derivation of ground moisture potential using a combination of computed topographic characteristics (CTI, slope, and aspect) and mapped National Wetland Inventory (NWI) boundaries. This method does not use climate or soil attributes to calculate relative topographic moisture potential since these characteristics are incorporated into the ecosystem model though other input layers. All of the topographic data used for this assessment were derived from the USGS 30-meter National Elevation Dataset (NED ) including the National Compound Topographic Index (CTI). The CTI index is a topographically derived measure of slope for a raster cell and the contributing area from upstream raster cells, and thus expresses potential for water flow to a point. In other words CTI data are 'a quantification of the position of a site in the local landscape', where the lowest values indicate ridges and the highest values indicate stream channels, lakes and ponds. These CTI values were compared to independent estimates of water accumulation by obtaining geospatial data from a number of sample locations representing two types of NWI boundaries: freshwater emergent wetlands and freshwater forested/shrub wetlands. Where these shorelines (the interface between the NWI wetlands and adjacent land) occurred, the CTI values were extracted and a histogram of their statistical distributions was calculated. Based on an evaluation of these histograms, CTI thresholds were developed to separate periodically saturated or flooded land, mesic uplands (moderately moist), and uplands. After the range of CTI values for these three different substrate moisture regimes was determined, the CTI values were grouped into three initial topographic moisture potential classes. As a final step in the generation of this national data layer, the uplands classification was subdivided into either very dry uplands or dry uplands. Very dry uplands were defined as uplands with relatively steep, south-facing slopes, and identification of this class was based on the slope and aspect datasets derived from the NED. The remaining uplands that did not meet these additional criteria were simply re-classified as dry uplands. The final National Topographic Moisture Potential dataset for the conterminous United States contains four classes: periodically saturated or flooded land (CTI = 18.5), mesic uplands (12 =< CTI < 18.5), dry uplands (CTI < 12), and very dry uplands (CTI < 12, Slope > 24 degrees and 91 degrees =< Aspect =< 314 degrees).\r\n\r\nThis map shows a smoothed and generalized image of the four topographic moisture potential classes. Additional information about this map and any of the data developed for the ecosystems modeling of the conterminous United States is available online at http://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/ecosystems/.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3086","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with NatureServe","usgsCitation":"Cress, J., Sayre, R.G., Comer, P., and Warner, H., 2009, Terrestrial Ecosystems - Topographic Moisture Potential of the Conterminous United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3086, Sheet: 45 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3086.","productDescription":"Sheet: 45 x 35 inches","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3086.jpg"},{"id":12902,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,23 ], [ -125,50 ], [ -65,50 ], [ -65,23 ], [ -125,23 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68529c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cress, Jill J.","contributorId":76832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cress","given":"Jill J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayre, Roger G. rsayre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comer, Patrick","contributorId":85683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, Harumi hwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Harumi","email":"hwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97738,"text":"ofr20091135 - 2009 - Magnetotelluric and audiomagnetotelluric groundwater survey along the Humu'ula portion of Saddle Road near and around the Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T18:51:45","indexId":"ofr20091135","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1135","title":"Magnetotelluric and audiomagnetotelluric groundwater survey along the Humu'ula portion of Saddle Road near and around the Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA), operated by the U.S. Army on the Big Island of Hawaii, is in need of a reliable potable water supply to sustain ongoing operations by staff and trainees. In an effort to acquire baseline hydrologic data with which to develop a plan for providing that water, a series of magnetotelluric (MT) geophysical surveys was performed that spanned the Mauna Loa/Mauna Kea Saddle region of Hawaii Island. These surveys provided electrical resistivity profiles and resistivity maps at several elevations along the axis of the field measurements that can be interpreted to yield information on the depth to the water table. In 2004 a preliminary sequence of 23 audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) soundings was collected along Saddle Road extending from the Waikii Ranch area, west of the PTA, to Department of Hawaiian Home Lands Humu'ula properties east of the Mauna Kea access road. The results of those soundings showed that highly resistive rocks, consistent with dry basalts, were present to depths of at least one kilometer, the maximum depth to which the AMT technique can reliably reach in Hawaii's rocks. A second survey was conducted in 2008 using MT instruments capable of recovering resistivity data to depths of several kilometers below sea level where saturated formations are known to exist. A total of 30 MT soundings was performed along a roughly east to west transect that extended from the (recently acquired) Keamuku PTA lands on the west to as far as the County of Hawaii's upper Kaumana water supply well to the east. Inversion and processing of the field data yielded an electrical cross-section following the Saddle that roughly parallels the geologic contact between the Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa lavas. Several additional electrical sections were constructed normal to the main transect to investigate the three-dimensional nature of the contact. These resistivity data and models suggest that the elevation of saturated rock in places are 400 to 600 meters above mean sea level beneath the surveyed region. Highest elevations for water-saturated zones based upon preferred electrical models are located between training area 3 and training area 6 southwest of training area 4.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091135","usgsCitation":"Pierce, H., and Thomas, D., 2009, Magnetotelluric and audiomagnetotelluric groundwater survey along the Humu'ula portion of Saddle Road near and around the Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1135, iv, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091135.","productDescription":"iv, 160 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1135.jpg"},{"id":12903,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Pohakuloa Training Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.6707763671875,\n 19.63870735832961\n ],\n [\n -155.6707763671875,\n 19.811930193969296\n ],\n [\n -155.14755249023438,\n 19.811930193969296\n ],\n [\n -155.14755249023438,\n 19.63870735832961\n ],\n [\n -155.6707763671875,\n 19.63870735832961\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A.","contributorId":83093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Donald M.","contributorId":89569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Donald M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97747,"text":"sir20095178 - 2009 - Evaluation of passive samplers for long-term monitoring of organic compounds in the untreated drinking water supply for the city of Eugene, Oregon, September–October 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T22:57:30.49128","indexId":"sir20095178","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5178","title":"Evaluation of passive samplers for long-term monitoring of organic compounds in the untreated drinking water supply for the city of Eugene, Oregon, September–October 2007","docAbstract":"Two types of passive samplers, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), were deployed at three sites in the McKenzie River basin during September-October 2007. The McKenzie River is the source of drinking water for the city of Eugene, Oregon, and the work presented here was designed to evaluate the use of POCIS and SMPDs as part of a long-term monitoring plan for the river. Various compounds were detected in extracts from the POCIS and SPMDs, indicating that some compounds of concern are present in the McKenzie River basin, including the intake for the drinking water plant. However, most concentrations were near the quantitation limits of the analytical methods used - generally at subnanogram per liter concentrations - and would not have been detectable with conventional water sampling and analysis methods. These results indicate that both POCIS and SPMDs are well suited to monitor organic compounds in the McKenzie River basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eugene Water and Electric Board","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., Alvarez, D.A., Anderson, C., Cranor, W.L., Perkins, S.D., and Schroeder, V., 2009, Evaluation of passive samplers for long-term monitoring of organic compounds in the untreated drinking water supply for the city of Eugene, Oregon, September–October 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5178, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095178.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","temporalStart":"2007-09-01","temporalEnd":"2007-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86949.htm"},{"id":12912,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Eugene","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.23776245117189,\n 44.003681313066664\n ],\n [\n -122.76535034179686,\n 44.003681313066664\n ],\n [\n -122.76535034179686,\n 44.17136989600329\n ],\n [\n -123.23776245117189,\n 44.17136989600329\n ],\n [\n -123.23776245117189,\n 44.003681313066664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709 dalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":1369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cranor, Walter L.","contributorId":21653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perkins, Stephanie D. sperkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Stephanie","email":"sperkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schroeder, Vickie vschroeder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Vickie","email":"vschroeder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97745,"text":"ofr20091163 - 2009 - Channel change and bed-material transport in the Lower Chetco River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:34:49","indexId":"ofr20091163","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1163","title":"Channel change and bed-material transport in the Lower Chetco River, Oregon","docAbstract":"The lower Chetco River is a wandering gravel-bed river flanked by abundant and large gravel bars formed of coarse bed-material sediment. The large gravel bars have been a source of commercial aggregate since the early twentieth century for which ongoing permitting and aquatic habitat concerns have motivated this assessment of historical channel change and sediment transport rates. Analysis of historical channel change and bed-material transport rates for the lower 18 kilometers show that the upper reaches of the study area are primarily transport zones, with bar positions fixed by valley geometry and active bars mainly providing transient storage of bed material. Downstream reaches, especially near the confluence of the North Fork Chetco River, have been zones of active sedimentation and channel migration.
Multiple analyses, supported by direct measurements of bedload during winter 2008–09, indicate that since 1970 the mean annual flux of bed material into the study reach has been about 40,000–100,000 cubic meters per year. Downstream tributary input of bed-material sediment, probably averaging 5–30 percent of the influx coming into the study reach from upstream, is approximately balanced by bed-material attrition by abrasion. Probably very little bed material leaves the lower river under natural conditions, with most of the net influx historically accumulating in wider and more dynamic reaches, especially near the North Fork Chetco River confluence, 8 kilometers upstream from the Pacific Ocean.
The year-to-year flux, however, varies tremendously. Some years probably have less than 3,000 cubic meters of bed-material entering the study area; by contrast, some high-flow years, such as 1982 and 1997, likely have more than 150,000 cubic meters entering the reach. For comparison, the estimated annual volume of gravel extracted from the lower Chetco River for commercial aggregate during 2000–2008 has ranged from 32,000 to 90,000 cubic meters and averaged about 59,000 cubic meters per year. Mined volumes probably exceeded 140,000 cubic meters per year for several years in the late 1970s.
Repeat surveys and map analyses indicate a reduction in bar area and sinuosity between 1939 and 2008, chiefly in the period 1965–95. Repeat topographic and bathymetric surveys show channel incision for substantial portions of the study reach, with local areas of bed lowering by as much as 2 meters. A specific gage analysis at the upstream end of the study reach indicates that incision and narrowing followed aggradation culminating in the late 1970s. These observations are all consistent with a reduction of sediment supply relative to transport capacity since channel surveys in the late 1970s, probably owing to a combination of (1) bed-sediment removal and (2) transient river adjustments to large sediment volumes brought by floods such as those in 1964, and to a lesser extent, 1996.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Wallick, J., Anderson, S.W., Cannon, C., and O'Connor, J., 2009, Channel change and bed-material transport in the Lower Chetco River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1163, viii, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091163.","productDescription":"viii, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1163.jpg"},{"id":352588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1163/ofr20091163.pdf"},{"id":12910,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.28333333333333,42.03333333333333 ], [ -124.28333333333333,42.13333333333333 ], [ -124.16666666666667,42.13333333333333 ], [ -124.16666666666667,42.03333333333333 ], [ -124.28333333333333,42.03333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e69dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Scott W. 0000-0003-1678-5204 swanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1678-5204","contributorId":107001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Scott","email":"swanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Charles ccannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Charles","email":"ccannon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97743,"text":"ofr20091149 - 2009 - Surficial geologic map of the Roanoke Rapids 30' x 60' quadrangle, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T20:14:49.257955","indexId":"ofr20091149","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1149","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Roanoke Rapids 30' x 60' quadrangle, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 map sheet is located in northeastern North Carolina. Most of the area is flat to gently rolling, though steep slopes occur occasionally along some of the larger streams. Total relief in the area is slightly less than 400 feet (ft), with elevations ranging from sea level east of Murfreesboro in the far northeastern corner of the map to 384 ft near the northwestern map border near Littleton. The principal streams are the Roanoke River and Fishing Creek, which on average flow from northwest to southeast in the map area. The principal north-south roads are Interstate Route 95, U.S. Route 258, and U.S. Route 301. Two lines of the CSX railroad also cross the area in a north-south and northeast-southwest direction. This part of North Carolina is primarily rural and agricultural. The only large community in the area is Roanoke Rapids. The map lies astride the Tidewater Fall Line, a prominent physiographic feature marked by rapids and waterfalls that separate the rocky streams of the eastern Piedmont physiographic province from the sandy and alluviated streams of the western Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province. The energy from the Roanoke River descending the Tidewater Fall Line has been harnessed by dams to produce hydroelectric power, and this source of energy was a major factor in the growth and development of Roanoke Rapids. The Piedmont in the western part of the map area is underlain by Neoproterozoic to Cambrian metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks that are intruded by granite in some areas. In the central and eastern part of the map area, the folded and faulted igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont, as well as tilted sedimentary rocks in a buried Triassic basin, are all overlain with profound unconformity by generally unlithified and only slightly eastward-tilted Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Neogene sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Coastal Plain sediments lap westward onto the eastern Piedmont along the high divides between streams and locally along the valley walls of major streams, thereby creating a complex erosional and depositional map pattern across the western and central map area. The Coastal Plain sedimentary deposits described here are mostly allostratigraphic units, bounded above and below by mappable unconformities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091149","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Lewis, W., and Aleman-Gonzalez, W., 2009, Surficial geologic map of the Roanoke Rapids 30' x 60' quadrangle, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1149, 1 Plate: 57.50 × 39.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091149.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 57.50 × 39.00 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1149.jpg"},{"id":398775,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86944.htm"},{"id":12908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,36 ], [ -78,36.5 ], [ -77,36.5 ], [ -77,36 ], [ -78,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a39f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, William C.","contributorId":50878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"William C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleman-Gonzalez, Wilma","contributorId":69267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleman-Gonzalez","given":"Wilma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97742,"text":"sir20095106 - 2009 - Effect of detention basin release rates on flood flows: Application of a model to the Blackberry Creek Watershed in Kane County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T21:11:29.875122","indexId":"sir20095106","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5106","title":"Effect of detention basin release rates on flood flows: Application of a model to the Blackberry Creek Watershed in Kane County, Illinois","docAbstract":"The effects of stormwater detention basins with specified release rates are examined on the watershed scale with a Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) continuous-simulation model. Modeling procedures for specifying release rates from detention basins with orifice and weir discharge configurations are discussed in this report. To facilitate future detention modeling as a tool for watershed management, a chart relating watershed impervious area to detention volume is presented. The report also presents a case study of the Blackberry Creek watershed in Kane County, Ill., a rapidly urbanizing area seeking to avoid future flood damages from increased urbanization, to illustrate the effects of various detention basin release rates on flood peaks and volumes and flood frequencies. The case study compares flows simulated with a 1996 land-use HSPF model to those simulated with four different 2020 projected land-use HSPF model scenarios - no detention, and detention basins with release rates of 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 cubic feet per second per acre (ft3/s-acre), respectively. Results of the simulations for 15 locations, which included the downstream ends of all tributaries and various locations along the main stem, showed that a release rate of 0.10 ft3/s-acre, in general, can maintain postdevelopment 100-year peak-flood discharge at a similar magnitude to that of 1996 land-use conditions. Although the release rate is designed to reduce the 100-year peak flow, reduction of the 2-year peak flow is also achieved for a smaller proportion of the peak. Results also showed that the 0.10 ft3/s-acre release rate was less effective in watersheds with relatively high percentages of preexisting (1996) development than in watersheds with less preexisting development.
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Reports describing the May 2006 and April 2007 floods in southern Maine are examples of this cooperative relationship. The documentation of peak stream elevations and peak streamflow magnitudes and recurrence intervals provides essential information for the delineation of flood plains and for flood-mitigation decisions by local, State, and Federal emergency management officials.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093049","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2009, Floods of May 2006 and April 2007 in Southern Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3049, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093049.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3049.jpg"},{"id":12904,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}