To study the Earth system and to better understand the implications of global environmental change, there is a growing need for large-scale hydrographic data sets that serve as prerequisites in a variety of analyses and applications, ranging from regional watershed and freshwater conservation planning to global hydrological, climate, biogeochemical, and land surface modeling. Yet while countless hydrographic maps exist for well-known river basins and individual nations, there is a lack of seamless high-quality data on large scales such as continents or the entire globe. Data for many large international basins are patchy, and remote areas are often poorly mapped.
\nIn response to these limitations, a team of scientists has developed data and created maps of the world's rivers that provide the research community with more reliable information about where streams and watersheds occur on the Earth's surface and how water drains the landscape. The new product, known as HydroSHEDS (Hydrological Data and Maps Based on Shuttle Elevation Derivatives at Multiple Scales), provides this information at a resolution and quality unachieved by previous global data sets, such as HYDRO1k [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2000].
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008EO100001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Lehner, B., Verdin, K., and Jarvis, A., 2008, New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 10, p. 93-94, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476904,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/X3KCCATL","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001"},{"id":242734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a658ce4b0c8380cd72c13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehner, B.","contributorId":86192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, K.L. 0000-0002-6114-4660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":33505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, A.","contributorId":45533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031883,"text":"70031883 - 2008 - Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031883","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes","docAbstract":"We compared gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological analysis of ovaries for identifying reproductive periods of fishes to determine the validity of using GSI in future studies. Four small-bodied riverine species were examined in our comparison of the two methods. Mean GSI was significantly different between all histological stages for suckermouth minnow and red shiner. Mean GSI was significantly different between most stages for slenderhead darter; whereas stages 3 and 6 were not significantly different, the time period when these stages are present would allow fisheries biologists to distinguish between the two stages. Mean GSI was not significantly different for many histological stages in stonecat. Difficulties in distinguishing between histological stages and GSI associated with stonecat illustrate potential problems obtaining appropriate sample sizes from species that move to alternative habitats to spawn. We suggest that GSI would be a useful tool in identifying mature ovaries in many small-bodied, multiple-spawning fishes. This information could be combined with data from histology during mature periods to pinpoint specific spawning events. ?? 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S., Rabeni, C., and Papoulias, D., 2008, Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 17, no. 1, p. 54-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x.","startPage":"54","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x"},{"id":242453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f834e4b0c8380cd4cf39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031896,"text":"70031896 - 2008 - Climate controls on C3 vs. C4 productivity in North American grasslands from carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:00:04","indexId":"70031896","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate controls on C3 vs. C4 productivity in North American grasslands from carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter","docAbstract":"We analyzed the ??13 C of soil organic matter (SOM) and fine roots from 55 native grassland sites widely distributed across the US and Canadian Great Plains to examine the relative production of C3 vs. C4 plants (hereafter %C4) at the continental scale. Our climate vs. %C4 results agreed well with North American field studies on %C4, but showed bias with respect to %C4 from a US vegetation database (statsgo) and weak agreement with a physiologically based prediction that depends on crossover temperature. Although monthly average temperatures have been used in many studies to predict %C4, our analysis shows that high temperatures are better predictors of %C4. In particular, we found that July climate (average of daily high temperature and month's total rainfall) predicted %C4 better than other months, seasons or annual averages, suggesting that the outcome of competition between C3 and C4 plants in North American grasslands was particularly sensitive to climate during this narrow window of time. Root ??13 C increased about 1??? between the A and B horizon, suggesting that C 4 roots become relatively more common than C3 roots with depth. These differences in depth distribution likely contribute to the isotopic enrichment with depth in SOM where both C3 and C4 grasses are present. ?? 2008 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01552.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"von Fischer, J., Tieszen, L., and Schimel, D.S., 2008, Climate controls on C3 vs. C4 productivity in North American grasslands from carbon isotope composition of soil organic matter: Global Change Biology, v. 14, no. 5, p. 1141-1155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01552.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214895,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01552.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f650e4b0c8380cd4c6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Fischer, J.C.","contributorId":107955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Fischer","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schimel, D. S.","contributorId":84104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031827,"text":"70031827 - 2008 - Short-term monitoring of aridland lichen cover and biomass using photography and fatty acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031827","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term monitoring of aridland lichen cover and biomass using photography and fatty acids","docAbstract":"Biological soil crust (BSC) communities (composed of lichens, bryophytes, and cyanobacteria) may be more dynamic on short-time scales than previously thought, requiring new and informative short-term monitoring techniques. We used repeat digital photography and image analysis, which revealed a change in area of a dominant BSC lichen, Collema tenax. The data generated correlated well with gross photosynthesis (r=0.57) and carotenoid content (r=0.53), two variables that would be expected to be positively related to lichen area. We also extracted fatty acids from lichen samples and identified useful phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) indicators for the Collema mycobiont (20:1, 15:0, 23:0), and the Collema photobiont (18:3??3). The 18:3??3 correlated well with chlorophyll a (r=0.66), a more traditional proxy for cyanobacterial biomass. We also compared total PLFA as a proxy for total Collema biomass with our photographically generated areal change data, and found them to be moderately correlated (r=0.44). Areal change proved to be responsive on short-time scales, while fatty acid techniques were information-rich, providing data on biomass of lichens, and both photo- and mycobionts separately, in addition to the physiological status of the mycobiont. Both techniques should be refined and tested in field situations. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.006","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Johnson, N., Belnap, J., and Koch, G., 2008, Short-term monitoring of aridland lichen cover and biomass using photography and fatty acids: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 72, no. 6, p. 869-878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.006.","startPage":"869","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.006"},{"id":242678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ebde4b08c986b318afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, N.C.","contributorId":29567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koch, G.W.","contributorId":104291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031882,"text":"70031882 - 2008 - Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:22:04","indexId":"70031882","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1660,"text":"Fisheries Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium","docAbstract":"Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non-spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non-spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre-spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub-areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x","issn":"10546006","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Litzow, M.A., Abookire, A.A., Romano, M.D., and Robards, M.D., 2008, Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium: Fisheries Oceanography, v. 17, no. 2, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a3e4b0c8380cd5013e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031815,"text":"70031815 - 2008 - Characterization and cycling of atmospheric mercury along the central US Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:05:28","indexId":"70031815","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and cycling of atmospheric mercury along the central US Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"Concentrations of atmospheric Hg species, elemental Hg (Hg∘), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and fine particulate Hg (Hg-PM2.5) were measured at a coastal site near Weeks Bay, Alabama from April to August, 2005 and January to May, 2006. Mean concentrations of the species were 1.6 ± 0.3 ng m−3, 4.0 ± 7.5 pg m−3 and 2.7 ± 3.4 pg m−3, respectively. A strong diel pattern was observed for RGM (midday maximum concentrations were up to 92.7 pg m−3), but not for Hg∘ or Hg-PM2.5. Elevated RGM concentrations (>25 pg m−3) in April and May of 2005 correlated with elevated average daytime O3 concentrations (>55 ppbv) and high light intensity (>500 W m−2). These conditions generally corresponded with mixed continental-Gulf and exclusively continental air mass trajectories. Generally lower, but still elevated, RGM peaks observed in August, 2005 and January–March, 2006 correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with peaks in SO2 concentration and corresponded to periods of high light intensity and lower average daytime O3 concentrations. During these times air masses were dominated by trajectories that originated over the continent. Elevated RGM concentrations likely resulted from photochemical oxidation of Hg∘ by atmospheric oxidants. This process may have been enhanced in and by the near-shore environment relative to inland sites. The marine boundary layer itself was not found to be a significant source of RGM.
Size segregation determination, using a limited dataset from two different methods, suggested that a significant fraction of particulate Hg was bound to coarse particles (>2.5 μm). A potential source of the large fraction of coarse particulate Hg in the study area is sequestration of RGM within sea salt aerosols. The presence of rapidly depositing RGM and coarse particulate Hg may be important sources of Hg input along the Gulf Coast. However, the impact of these species on deposition rates is yet to be determined.
Urban development has expanded rapidly in Las Vegas, Nevada of the United States, over the last fifty years. A major environmental change associated with this urbanization trend is the transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly anthropogenic impervious surface. This research utilizes remote sensing data from both the Landsat and Terra-Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instruments in conjunction with digital orthophotography to estimate urban extent and its temporal changes by determining sub-pixel impervious surfaces. Percent impervious surface area has shown encouraging agreement with urban land extent and development density. Results indicate that total urban land-use increases approximately 110 percent from 1984 to 2002. Most of the increases are associated with medium-to high-density urban development. Places having significant increases in impervious surfaces are in the northwestern and southeastern parts of Las Vegas. Most high-density urban development, however, appears in central Las Vegas. Impervious surface conditions for 2002 measured from Landsat and ASTER satellite data are compared in terms of their accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.74.4.473","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., Crane, M., and McMahon, C., 2008, Quantifying multi-temporal urban development characteristics in Las Vegas from Landsat and ASTER data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 74, no. 4, p. 473-481, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.74.4.473.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"481","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.74.4.473","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d3e4b0c8380cd804a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, G. 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":65656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crane, M.","contributorId":86957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, C.","contributorId":59308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176273,"text":"70176273 - 2008 - Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T15:57:23","indexId":"70176273","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management","docAbstract":"Although the quantity of data on the location, status, and management of invasive species is ever increasing, invasive species data sets are often difficult to obtain and integrate. A cyberinfrastructure for such information could make these data available for Internet users. The data can be used to create regional watch lists, to send e-mail alerts when a new species enters a region, to construct models of species' current and future distributions, and to inform management. Although the exchange of environmental data over the Internet in the form of raster data is maturing, and the exchange of species occurrence data is developing quickly, there is room for improvement. In this article, we present a vision for a comprehensive invasive species cyberinfrastructure that is capable of accessing data effectively, creating models of invasive species spread, and distributing this information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1641/B580312","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Simpson, A., Crall, A.W., Jarnevich, C.S., Newman, G., and Stohlgren, T.J., 2008, Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management: BioScience, v. 58, no. 3, p. 263-268, https://doi.org/10.1641/B580312.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/b580312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8c0e4b04836416a0e5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jim","contributorId":37608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134 asimpson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","email":"asimpson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crall, Alycia W.","contributorId":60123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crall","given":"Alycia","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Greg","contributorId":22636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032076,"text":"70032076 - 2008 - Seabed mapping and characterization of sediment variability using the usSEABED data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:16:13","indexId":"70032076","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabed mapping and characterization of sediment variability using the usSEABED data base","docAbstract":"We present a methodology for statistical analysis of randomly located marine sediment point data, and apply it to the US continental shelf portions of usSEABED mean grain size records. The usSEABED database, like many modern, large environmental datasets, is heterogeneous and interdisciplinary. We statistically test the database as a source of mean grain size data, and from it provide a first examination of regional seafloor sediment variability across the entire US continental shelf. Data derived from laboratory analyses (\"extracted\") and from word-based descriptions (\"parsed\") are treated separately, and they are compared statistically and deterministically. Data records are selected for spatial analysis by their location within sample regions: polygonal areas defined in ArcGIS chosen by geography, water depth, and data sufficiency. We derive isotropic, binned semivariograms from the data, and invert these for estimates of noise variance, field variance, and decorrelation distance. The highly erratic nature of the semivariograms is a result both of the random locations of the data and of the high level of data uncertainty (noise). This decorrelates the data covariance matrix for the inversion, and largely prevents robust estimation of the fractal dimension. Our comparison of the extracted and parsed mean grain size data demonstrates important differences between the two. In particular, extracted measurements generally produce finer mean grain sizes, lower noise variance, and lower field variance than parsed values. Such relationships can be used to derive a regionally dependent conversion factor between the two. Our analysis of sample regions on the US continental shelf revealed considerable geographic variability in the estimated statistical parameters of field variance and decorrelation distance. Some regional relationships are evident, and overall there is a tendency for field variance to be higher where the average mean grain size is finer grained. Surprisingly, parsed and extracted noise magnitudes correlate with each other, which may indicate that some portion of the data variability that we identify as \"noise\" is caused by real grain size variability at very short scales. Our analyses demonstrate that by applying a bias-correction proxy, usSEABED data can be used to generate reliable interpolated maps of regional mean grain size and sediment character.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.011","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Goff, J., Jenkins, C., and Jeffress, W.S., 2008, Seabed mapping and characterization of sediment variability using the usSEABED data base: Continental Shelf Research, v. 28, no. 4-5, p. 614-633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.011.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"633","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8820e4b08c986b3167ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goff, J.A.","contributorId":17004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, C.J.","contributorId":61244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffress, Williams S.","contributorId":90948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffress","given":"Williams","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033105,"text":"70033105 - 2008 - Multiple plagioclase crystal populations identified by crystal size distribution and in situ chemical data: Implications for timescales of magma chamber processes associated with the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T16:49:30","indexId":"70033105","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple plagioclase crystal populations identified by crystal size distribution and in situ chemical data: Implications for timescales of magma chamber processes associated with the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, CA","docAbstract":"Products of the 1915 Lassen Peak eruption reveal evidence for a magma recharge–magma mixing event that may have catalyzed the eruption and from which four compositional members were identified: light dacite, black dacite, andesitic inclusion, and dark andesite. Crystal size distribution, textural, and in situ chemical (major and trace element and Sr isotope) data for plagioclase from these compositional products define three crystal populations that have distinct origins: phenocrysts (long axis > 0·5 mm) that typically have core An contents between 34 and 36 mol %, microphenocrysts (long axis between 0·1 and 0·5 mm) that have core An contents of 66–69, and microlites (long axis < 0·1 mm) with variable An core contents from 64 to 52. Phenocrysts are interpreted to form in an isolated dacitic magma chamber that experienced slow cooling. Based on textural, compositional, and isotopic data for the magma represented by the dacitic component, magma recharge was not an important process until just prior to the 1915 eruption. Average residence times for phenocrysts are in the range of centuries to millennia. Microphenocrysts formed in a hybrid layer that resulted from mixing between end-member reservoir dacite and recharge magma of basaltic andesite composition. High thermal contrast between the two end-member magmas led to relatively high degrees of undercooling, which resulted in faster crystal growth rates and acicular and swallowtail crystal habits. Some plagioclase phenocrysts from the dacitic chamber were incorporated into the hybrid layer and underwent dissolution–precipitation, seen in both crystal textures and rim compositions. Average microphenocryst residence times are of the order of months. Microlites may have formed in response to decompression and/or syn-eruptive degassing as magma ascended from the chamber through the volcanic conduit. Chemical distinctions in plagioclase microlite An contents reveal that melt of the dark andesite was more mafic than the melt of the other three compositions. We suggest that mixing of an intruding basaltic andesite and reservoir dacite before magma began ascending in the conduit allowed formation of a compositionally distinct microlite population. Melt in the other three products was more evolved because it had undergone differentiation during the months following initial mixing; as a consequence, melt and microlites among these three products have similar compositions. The results of this study highlight the integrated use of crystal size distribution, textural, and in situ chemical data in identifying distinct crystal populations and linking these populations to the thermal and chemical characteristics of complex magma bodies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egn045","issn":"00223","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, M., Bohrson, W., Clynne, M., Ramos, F., and Hoskin, P., 2008, Multiple plagioclase crystal populations identified by crystal size distribution and in situ chemical data: Implications for timescales of magma chamber processes associated with the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, CA: Journal of Petrology, v. 49, no. 10, p. 1755-1780, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn045.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1755","endPage":"1780","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476642,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn045"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6076e4b0c8380cd71498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, M.J.","contributorId":50362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramos, F.C.","contributorId":81698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoskin, P.","contributorId":42435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoskin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032885,"text":"70032885 - 2008 - Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:12:35","indexId":"70032885","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees","docAbstract":"Objectively assessing the performance of a model and deriving model parameter values from observations are critical and challenging in landscape to regional modeling. In this paper, we applied a nonlinear inversion technique to calibrate the ecosystem model CENTURY against carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock measurements collected from 39 mature tropical forest sites in seven life zones in Costa Rica. Net primary productivity from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), C and N stocks in aboveground live biomass, litter, coarse woody debris (CWD), and in soils were used to calibrate the model. To investigate the resolution of available observations on the number of adjustable parameters, inversion was performed using nine setups of adjustable parameters. Statistics including observation sensitivity, parameter correlation coefficient, parameter sensitivity, and parameter confidence limits were used to evaluate the information content of observations, resolution of model parameters, and overall model performance. Results indicated that soil organic carbon content, soil nitrogen content, and total aboveground biomass carbon had the highest information contents, while measurements of carbon in litter and nitrogen in CWD contributed little to the parameter estimation processes. The available information could resolve the values of 2-4 parameters. Adjusting just one parameter resulted in under-fitting and unacceptable model performance, while adjusting five parameters simultaneously led to over-fitting. Results further indicated that the MODIS NPP values were compressed as compared with the spatial variability of net primary production (NPP) values inferred from inverse modeling. Using inverse modeling to infer NPP and other sensitive model parameters from C and N stock observations provides an opportunity to utilize data collected by national to regional forest inventory systems to reduce the uncertainties in the carbon cycle and generate valuable databases to validate and improve MODIS NPP algorithms.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Anderson, P., Zhou, G., Kauffman, B., Hughes, F., Schimel, D., Watson, V., and Tosi, J., 2008, Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees: Ecological Modelling, v. 219, no. 3-4, p. 327-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025"}],"volume":"219","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9dae4b0c8380cd85feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P.","contributorId":102682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauffman, B.","contributorId":47176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hughes, F.","contributorId":101091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schimel, D.","contributorId":38781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watson, Vicente","contributorId":31992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tosi, Joseph","contributorId":67302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosi","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032043,"text":"70032043 - 2008 - Using semi-permeable membrane devices and stable nitrogen isotopes to detect anthropogenic influences on the Truckee River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032043","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1535,"text":"Environmental Engineering Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using semi-permeable membrane devices and stable nitrogen isotopes to detect anthropogenic influences on the Truckee River, USA","docAbstract":"Stable nitrogen isotopes (??15N) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used together to provide evidence of potential anthropogenic connections to aquatic organisms in the Truckee River, which flows through the Reno/Sparks metropolitan area in Nevada. Crayfish, snail, and periphyton ??15N values, and SPMD toxicity data collected during high and low flow periods at seven primary sites on the river were used with water quality and flow data for the assessment. All biota showed an increase of ??15N on both dates at sites downstream of inflows of a water-quality impaired tributary and urban drain relative to upstream. In addition, most of the lowest ??15N values on each date occurred at the most downstream site on the river. SPMDs sample lipophilic organic contaminants and can be used to assess organic contaminant toxicity to aquatic organisms because they use a membrane that mimics organic contaminant uptake by fish. In this study, results from a fluoroscan test [pyrene index (PI)] of SPMD extracts that responds to higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed patterns similar to stable isotope data, although observed peaks in PI values occurred in the urban area upstream of where peak ??15N values occurred. The CYP1A biomarker test, which responds to PAHs, certain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorines, showed peak toxic equivalents (TEQ) values farther downstream of the urban area. Thus, it is likely that PAHs were contributing to toxicity in the urban area, whereas other nonurban sources of organic carbon may have been present farther downstream. The combined use of stable isotope measurements and SPMDs provided a means of simultaneously examining whether aquatic biota are incorporating constituents from potential food sources (via stable isotopes) or exposure through water (via SPMDs). ?? Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Engineering Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1089/ees.2007.0090","issn":"10928758","usgsCitation":"Saito, L., Rosen, M.R., Chandra, S., Fritsen, C., Arufe, J., and Redd, C., 2008, Using semi-permeable membrane devices and stable nitrogen isotopes to detect anthropogenic influences on the Truckee River, USA: Environmental Engineering Science, v. 25, no. 4, p. 585-600, https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0090.","startPage":"585","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0090"},{"id":242329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc09ce4b08c986b32a20e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saito, L.","contributorId":59402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saito","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandra, S.","contributorId":68867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandra","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritsen, C.H.","contributorId":43979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritsen","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arufe, J.A.","contributorId":53184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arufe","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Redd, C.","contributorId":26514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redd","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030237,"text":"70030237 - 2008 - Overcompensatory response of a smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) population to harvest: Release from competition?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030237","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overcompensatory response of a smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) population to harvest: Release from competition?","docAbstract":"An intensive seven-year removal of adult, juvenile, and young-of-the-year smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from a north temperate lake (Little Moose Lake, New York, USA) resulted in an increase in overall population abundance, primarily due to increased abundance of immature individuals. We developed a density-dependent, stage-structured model to examine conditions under which population control through harvest could result in the increase of a targeted species. Parameter values were derived from a 54-year data set collected from another north temperate lake (Lake Opeongo, Ontario, Canada) smallmouth bass population. Sensitivity analyses identified the demographic conditions that could lead to increased abundance in response to harvest. An increase in population abundance with harvest was most likely to occur when either (i) per capita recruitment at low levels of spawner abundance was large, juvenile survivorship was high, and maturation of age-4 and older juveniles was moderately high or (ii) per capita recruitment at low levels of spawner abundance was slightly lower, yet the maturation rate of age-3 juveniles and adult survivorship were high. Our modeling results together with empirical evidence further demonstrate the importance of overcompensation as a substantial factor to consider in efforts to regulate population abundance through harvest. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-133","issn":"07066","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., Sullivan, P., Cooch, E., Kraft, C., Shuter, B., and Weidel, B., 2008, Overcompensatory response of a smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) population to harvest: Release from competition?: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 10, p. 2279-2292, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-133.","startPage":"2279","endPage":"2292","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-133"}],"volume":"65","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71d4e4b0c8380cd767a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, E.F.","contributorId":52790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraft, C.E.","contributorId":80610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shuter, B.J.","contributorId":6661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuter","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weidel, B.C.","contributorId":47978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033505,"text":"70033505 - 2008 - ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033505","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination","docAbstract":"ALLTEM is a multi-axis electromagnetic induction system designed for unexploded ordnance (UXO) applications. It uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation and provides good late-time signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) especially for ferrous targets. Multi-axis transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) systems such as ALLTEM provide a richer data set from which to invert for the target parameters required to distinguish between clutter and UXO. Inversions of field data over the Army's UXO Calibration Grid and Blind Test Grid at the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Arizona in 2006 produced polarizability moment values for many buried UXO items that were reasonable and generally repeatable for targets of the same type buried at different orientations and depths. In 2007 a test stand was constructed that allows for collection of data with varying spatial data density and accurate automated position control. The behavior of inverted ALLTEM test stand data as a function of spatial data density, sensor SNR, and position error has been investigated. The results indicate that the ALLTEM inversion algorithm is more tolerant of sensor noise and position error than has been reported for single-axis systems. A high confidence level in inversion-derived target parameters is required when a target is declared to be harmless scrap metal that may safely be left in the ground. Unless high confidence can be demonstrated, state regulators will likely require that targets be dug regardless of any \"no-dig\" classifications produced from inversions, in which case remediation costs would not be decreased.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3063947","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Asch, T., Wright, D., Moulton, C., Irons, T., and Nabighian, M., 2008, ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 2892-2896, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063947.","startPage":"2892","endPage":"2896","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063947"},{"id":242082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62be4b0c8380cd471e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asch, T.H.","contributorId":90552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moulton, C.W.","contributorId":81681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, T.P.","contributorId":35965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033431,"text":"70033431 - 2008 - Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033431","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation","docAbstract":"Passive-treatment systems that route acidic mine drainage (AMD) through crushed limestone and/or organic-rich substrates have been used to remove the acidity and metals from various AMD sources, with a wide range of effects. This study evaluates treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD with limestone alone, and with organic-rich compost layered with the limestone. In the fall of 2003, a treatment system consisting of two parallel, 500-m2 downflow cells followed by a 400-m2 aerobic settling pond and wetland was installed to neutralize the AMD from the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. Each downflow cell consisted of a lower substrate layer of 1,090 metric tons (t) of dolomitic limestone (60 wt% CaCO3) and an upper layer of 300 t of calcitic limestone (95 wt% CaCO3); one of the downflow cells also included a 0.3 m thick layer of mushroom compost over the limestone. AMD with pH of 3.5-4.3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6-9.9 mg/L, iron of 1.9-5.4 mg/L, and aluminum of 0.8-1.9 mg/L flooded each cell to a depth 0.65 m above the treatment substrates, percolated through the substrates to underlying, perforated outflow pipes, and then flowed through the aerobic pond and wetland before discharging to the Schuylkill River. Data on the flow rates and chemistry of the effluent for the treatment system indicated substantial neutralization by the calcitic limestone but only marginal effects from the dolomitic limestone or compost. Because of its higher transmissivity, the treatment cell containing only limestone neutralized greater quantities of acidity than the cell containing compost and limestone. On average, the treatment system removed 62% of the influent acidity, 47% of the dissolved iron, 34% of the dissolved aluminum, and 8% of the dissolved manganese. Prior to treatment of the Bell Discharge, the Schuylkill River immediately below its confluence with the discharge had pH as low as 4.1 and supported few, if any, fish. However, within the first year of treatment, the pH was maintained at values of 5.0 or greater and native brook trout were documented immediately below the treatment system, though not above. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., and Ward, S., 2008, Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 2, p. 67-85, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5.","startPage":"67","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5"},{"id":241976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b0e4b0c8380cd505ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, S.J.","contributorId":12702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010039,"text":"70010039 - 2008 - Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-11T10:01:10","indexId":"70010039","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","docAbstract":"Since July 2003, Landsat-7 ETM+ has been operating without the scan line corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite in the imagery acquired. Data collected in SLC-off mode have gaps in a systematic wedge-shaped pattern outside of the central 22 km swath of the imagery; however, the spatial and spectral quality of the remaining portions of the imagery are not diminished. To explore the continued use of Landsat-7 ETM+ SLC-off imagery to characterize change in forested environments, we compare the change detection results generated from a reference image pair (a 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image and a 2003 Landsat-5 TM image) with change detection results generated from the same 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image coupled with three different 2003 Landsat-7 SLC-off products: unremediated SLC-off (i.e., with gaps); histogram-based gap-filled; and segment-based gap-filled. The results are compared on both a pixel and polygon basis; on a pixel basis, the unremediated SLC-off product missed 35% of the change identified by the reference data, and the histogram- and segment-based gap-filled products missed 23% and 21% of the change, respectively. When using forest inventory polygons as a context for change (to reduce commission error), the amount of change missed was 31%, 14%, and 12% for the each of the unremediated, histogram-based gap-filled, and segment-based gap-filled products, respectively. Our results indicate that over the time period considered, and given the types and spatial distribution of change events within our study area, the gap-filled products can provide a useful data source for change detection in forested environments. The selection of which product to use is, however, very dependent on the nature of the application and the spatial configuration of change events. ?? 2008 Government of Canada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m08-020","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Wulder, M.A., Ortlepp, S.M., White, J.C., and Maxwell, S., 2008, Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.5589/m08-020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c16e4b0c8380cd52a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortlepp, Stephanie M.","contributorId":28740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortlepp","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Joanne C.","contributorId":63362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxwell, Susan","contributorId":30354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010038,"text":"70010038 - 2008 - Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic doppler current profilers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T10:42:08.905994","indexId":"70010038","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic doppler current profilers","docAbstract":"Previous work by Oberg and Mueller of the U.S. Geological Survey in 2007 concluded that exposure time (total time spent sampling the flow) is a critical factor in reducing measurement uncertainty. In a subsequent paper, Oberg and Mueller validated these conclusions using one set of data to show that the effect of exposure time on the uncertainty of the measured discharge is independent of stream width, depth, and range of boat speeds. Analysis of eight StreamPro acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements indicate that they fall within and show a similar trend to the Rio Grande ADCP data previously reported. Four special validation measurements were made for the purpose of verifying the conclusions of Oberg and Mueller regarding exposure time for Rio Grande and StreamPro ADCPs. Analysis of these measurements confirms that exposure time is a critical factor in reducing measurement uncertainty and is independent of stream width, depth, and range of boat speeds. Furthermore, it appears that the relation between measured discharge uncertainty and exposure time is similar for both Rio Grande and StreamPro ADCPs. These results are applicable to ADCPs that make use of broadband technology using bottom-tracking to obtain the boat velocity. Based on this work, a minimum of two transects should be collected with an exposure time for all transects greater than or equal to 720 seconds in order to achieve an uncertainty of ??5 percent when using bottom-tracking ADCPs. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE/OES/CMTC 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","conferenceDate":"March 17-19, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2008.4480876","isbn":"1424414865; 9781424414864","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J.A., and Oberg, K., 2008, Validation of exposure time for discharge measurements made with two bottom-tracking acoustic doppler current profilers, in Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology, Charleston, SC, March 17-19, 2008, p. 250-257, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480876.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-004666","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc101e4b08c986b32a401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, J. A.","contributorId":98036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K.","contributorId":60376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010014,"text":"70010014 - 2008 - Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70010014","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Pesticide and nitrate data for ground water sampled in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, between 1993 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in concentration. A total of 72 wells were sampled in 1993-1995 and again in 2002-2003 in three well networks that targeted row crop and orchard land use settings as well as the regional basalt aquifer. The Regional Kendall trend test indicated that only deethylatrazine (DEA) concentrations showed a significant trend. Deethylatrazine concentrations were found to increase beneath the row crop land use well network, the regional aquifer well network, and for the dataset as a whole. No other pesticides showed a significant trend (nor did nitrate) in the 72-well dataset. Despite the lack of a trend in nitrate concentrations within the National Water-Quality Assessment dataset, previous work has found a statistically significant decrease in nitrate concentrations from 1998-2002 for wells with nitrate concentrations above 10 mg L-1 within the Columbia Basin ground water management area, which is located within the National Water-Quality Assessment study unit boundary. The increasing trend in DEA concentrations was found to negatively correlate with soil hydrologic group using logistic regression and with soil hydrologic group and drainage class using Spearman's correlation. The decreasing trend in high nitrate concentrations was found to positively correlate with the depth to which the well was cased using logistic regression, to positively correlate with nitrate application rates and sand content of the soil, and to negatively correlate with soil hydrologic group using Spearman's correlation. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0491","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Frans, L., 2008, Trends of pesticides and nitrate in ground water of the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington, 1993-2003, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0491.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0491"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb81ce4b08c986b32769a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, L.","contributorId":81628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010012,"text":"70010012 - 2008 - MODIS and SeaWIFS on-orbit lunar calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:18","indexId":"70010012","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODIS and SeaWIFS on-orbit lunar calibration","docAbstract":"The Moon plays an important role in the radiometric stability monitoring of the NASA Earth Observing System's (EOS) remote sensors. The MODIS and SeaWIFS are two of the key instruments for NASA's EOS missions. The MODIS Protoflight Model (PFM) on-board the Terra spacecraft and the MODIS Flight Model 1 (FM1) on-board the Aqua spacecraft were launched on December 18, 1999 and May 4, 2002, respectively. They view the Moon through the Space View (SV) port approximately once a month to monitor the long-term radiometric stability of their Reflective Solar Bands (RSB). SeaWIFS was launched on-board the OrbView-2 spacecraft on August 1, 1997. The SeaWiFS lunar calibrations are obtained once a month at a nominal phase angle of 7??. The lunar irradiance observed by these instruments depends on the viewing geometry. The USGS photometric model of the Moon (the ROLO model) has been developed to provide the geometric corrections for the lunar observations. For MODIS, the lunar view responses with corrections for the viewing geometry are used to track the gain change for its reflective solar bands (RSB). They trend the system response degradation at the Angle Of Incidence (AOI) of sensor's SV port. With both the lunar observation and the on-board Solar Diffuser (SD) calibration, it is shown that the MODIS system response degradation is wavelength, mirror side, and AOI dependent. Time-dependent Response Versus Scan angle (RVS) Look-Up Tables (LUT) are applied in MODIS RSB calibration and lunar observations play a key role in RVS derivation. The corrections provided by the RVS in the Terra and Aqua MODIS data from the 412 nm band are as large as 16% and 13%, respectively. For SeaWIFS lunar calibrations, the spacecraft is pitched across the Moon so that the instrument views the Moon near nadir through the same optical path as it views the Earth. The SeaWiFS system gain changes for its eight bands are calibrated using the geometrically-corrected lunar observations. The radiometric corrections to the SeaWiFS data, after more than ten years on orbit, are 19% at 865 nm, 8% at 765 nm, and 1-3% in the other bands. In this report, the lunar calibration algorithms are reviewed and the RSB gain changes observed by the lunar observations are shown for all three sensors. The lunar observations for the three instruments are compared using the USGS photometric model. The USGS lunar model facilitates the cross calibration of instruments with different spectra bandpasses whose measurements of the Moon differ in time and observing geometry.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.795338","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"9780819473011","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Eplee, R., Xiong, X., Stone, T., Meister, G., and McClain, C., 2008, MODIS and SeaWIFS on-orbit lunar calibration, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, 11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.795338.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204919,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.795338"},{"id":219122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ae5e4b0c8380cd69121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eplee, R.E. Jr.","contributorId":65221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eplee","given":"R.E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xiong, X.","contributorId":37885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, T.","contributorId":18900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meister, G.","contributorId":97622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meister","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McClain, C.R.","contributorId":104213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70010011,"text":"70010011 - 2008 - Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in ground water of the United States, 1988-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:40:39","indexId":"70010011","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in ground water of the United States, 1988-2004","docAbstract":"This study evaluated decadal-scale changes of nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program from 495 wells in 24 well networks across the USA in predominantly agricultural areas. Each well network was sampled once during 1988-1995 and resampled once during 2000-2004. Statistical tests of decadal-scale changes of nitrate concentrations in water from all 495 wells combined indicate there is a significant increase in nitrate concentrations in the data set as a whole. Eight out of the 24 well networks, or about 33%, had significant changes of nitrate concentrations. Of the eight well networks with significant decadal-scale changes of nitrate, all except one, the Willamette Valley of Oregon, had increasing nitrate concentrations. Median nitrate concentrations of three of those eight well networks increased above the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L-1. Nitrate in water from wells with reduced conditions had significantly smaller decadal-scale changes in nitrate concentrations than oxidized and mixed waters. A subset of wells had data on ground water recharge date; nitrate concentrations increased in response to the increase of N fertilizer use since about 1950. Determining ground water recharge dates is an important component of a ground water trends investigation because recharge dates provide a link between changes in ground water quality and changes in land-use practices. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0055","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 2008, Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in ground water of the United States, 1988-2004: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, p. S240-S248, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0055.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"S240","endPage":"S248","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0055"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe00e4b0c8380cd4ea6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":357669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}