Physical property measurements and consolidation behavior are different between sediments from Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Void ratio and bulk density of Atwater Valley sediment from a seafloor mound (holes ATM1 and ATM2) show little effective stress (or depth) dependence to 27 meters below seafloor (mbsf), perhaps owing to fluidized transport through the mound itself with subsequent settling onto the seafloor or mound flanks. Off-mound sediments (hole AT13-2) have bulk physical properties that are similar to mound sediments above 27 mbsf, but void ratio and porosity decrease below that depth. Properties of shallow (<50 mbsf) Keathley Canyon sediments (KC151-3) change with increasing effective stress (or depth) compared to Atwater Valley, but vary little below that depth. Organic carbon is present in concentrations between typical near-shore and deep-sea sediments. Organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratios suggest that the organic matter contained in Atwater Valley off-mound and mound sites came from somewhat different sources. The difference in organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratios between Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon is more pronounced. At Keathley Canyon a more terrigenous source of the organic matter is indicated. Grain sizes are typically silty clay or clay within the two basins reflecting similar transport energy. However, the range in most shallow sediment properties is significantly different between the two basins. Bulk density profiles agree with logging results in Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon. Agreement between lab-derived and logging-derived properties supports using logging data to constrain bulk physical properties where cores were not collected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.018","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Winters, W.J., Dugan, B., and Collett, T.S., 2008, Physical properties of sediments from Keathley Canyon and Atwater Valley, JIP Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate drilling program: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 896-905, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"905","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476636,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2616","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.018"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 19.518375478601566\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 19.518375478601566\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 19.518375478601566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ac0e4b0c8380cd79094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, Brandon","contributorId":10213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030513,"text":"70030513 - 2008 - Soil sail content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:50:41.322664","indexId":"70030513","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil sail content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data","docAbstract":"Soil salinization is one of the most common land degradation processes and is a severe environmental hazard. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the potential of predicting salt content in soils with hyperspectral data acquired with EO-1 Hyperion. Both partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and conventional multiple linear regression (MLR), such as stepwise regression (SWR), were tested as the prediction model. PLSR is commonly used to overcome the problem caused by high-dimensional and correlated predictors. Chemical analysis of 95 samples collected from the top layer of soils in the Yellow River delta area shows that salt content was high on average, and the dominant chemicals in the saline soil were NaCl and MgCl2. Multivariate models were established between soil contents and hyperspectral data. Our results indicate that the PLSR technique with laboratory spectral data has a strong prediction capacity. Spectral bands at 1487–1527, 1971–1991, 2032–2092, and 2163–2355 nm possessed large absolute values of regression coefficients, with the largest coefficient at 2203 nm. We obtained a root mean squared error (RMSE) for calibration (with 61 samples) of RMSEC = 0.753 (R2 = 0.893) and a root mean squared error for validation (with 30 samples) of RMSEV = 0.574. The prediction model was applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis to a Hyperion reflectance image to yield a quantitative surface distribution map of soil salt content. The result was validated successfully from 38 sampling points. We obtained an RMSE estimate of 1.037 (R2 = 0.784) for the soil salt content map derived by the PLSR model. The salinity map derived from the SWR model shows that the predicted value is higher than the true value. These results demonstrate that the PLSR method is a more suitable technique than stepwise regression for quantitative estimation of soil salt content in a large area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","usgsCitation":"Weng, Y., Gong, P., and Zhu, Z., 2008, Soil sail content estimation in the Yellow River delta with satellite hyperspectral data: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 3, p. 259-270.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.5589/m08-017"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9218e4b08c986b319ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weng, Yongling","contributorId":64767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Yongling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gong, Peng","contributorId":102393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gong","given":"Peng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032743,"text":"70032743 - 2008 - A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70032743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","docAbstract":"A statistical framework is introduced that resolves important problems with the interpretation and use of traditional Horton regression statistics. The framework is based on a univariate regression model that leads to an alternative expression for Horton ratio, connects Horton regression statistics to distributional simple scaling, and improves the accuracy in estimating Horton plot parameters. The model is used to examine data for drainage area A and mainstream length L from two groups of basins located in different physiographic settings. Results show that confidence intervals for the Horton plot regression statistics are quite wide. Nonetheless, an analysis of covariance shows that regression intercepts, but not regression slopes, can be used to distinguish between basin groups. The univariate model is generalized to include n > 1 dependent variables. For the case where the dependent variables represent ln A and ln L, the generalized model performs somewhat better at distinguishing between basin groups than two separate univariate models. The generalized model leads to a modification of Hack's law where L depends on both A and Strahler order ??. Data show that ?? plays a statistically significant role in the modified Hack's law expression. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002","issn":"01695","usgsCitation":"Furey, P., and Troutman, B., 2008, A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law: Geomorphology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 603-614, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002.","startPage":"603","endPage":"614","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002"},{"id":241737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e396e4b0c8380cd460fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furey, P.R.","contributorId":11015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furey","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030296,"text":"70030296 - 2008 - Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","docAbstract":"Natural disturbances and habitat degradation are major factors influencing the dynamics and persistence of many wildlife populations, yet few large-scale studies have explored the relative influence of these factors on the dynamics and persistence of animal populations. We used longterm demographic data and matrix population models to examine the potential effects of habitat degradation and natural disturbances on the dynamics of the endangered snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis in Florida, USA. We found that estimates of stochastic population growth rate were low (0.90). Population growth rate (??) during the first half or our study period (1992 to 1998) was substantially greater than during the second half (1999 to 2005). These 2 periods were characterized by contrasting hydrological conditions. Although ?? was most sensitive to changes in adult survival, the analysis of life table response experiments revealed that a reduction in fertility of kites accounted for >80% of the observed decline in population growth rate. We examined the possibility that the reduction in ?? was caused by (1) habitat degradation due to management, (2) an increase in frequency of moderate drying events in recent years, and (3) both habitat degradation and an increase in frequency of moderate drying events. Our results suggest that both factors could potentially contribute to a large decrease in population growth rate. Our study highlights the importance of simultaneously considering short- and long-term effects of disturbances when modeling population dynamics. Indeed, focusing exclusively on one type of effect may be misleading to both our understanding of the ecological dynamics of the system and to management. The relevance of our results to management is heightened because the snail kite has been selected as a key performance measure of one of the most ambitious ecosystem restoration projects ever undertaken. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/esr00119","issn":"18635","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Kitchens, W., Cattau, C.E., and Oli, M., 2008, Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics: Endangered Species Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476721,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00119"},{"id":239544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa687e4b0c8380cd84eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cattau, Christopher E.","contributorId":54406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cattau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oli, M.K.","contributorId":108069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oli","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030263,"text":"70030263 - 2008 - The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030263","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","docAbstract":"The Ellsworth terrane is one of a number of fault-bounded blocks that occur along the eastern margin of Ganderia, the western-most of the peri-Gondwanan domains in the northern Appalachians that were accreted to Laurentia in the Paleozoic. Geologic relations, detrital zircon ages, and basalt geochemistry suggest that the Ellsworth terrane is part of Ganderia and not an exotic terrane. In the Penobscot Bay area of coastal Maine, the Ellsworth terrane is dominantly composed of bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanic sequences of the Ellsworth Schist and unconformably overlying Castine Volcanics. We use new U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd and Pb isotopes for these volcanic sequences to constrain the petrogenetic history and paleotectonic setting of the Ellsworth terrane and its relationship with Ganderia. U-Pb zircon geochronology for rhyolites indicates that both the Ellsworth Schist (508.6 ?? 0.8 Ma) and overlying Castine Volcanics (503.5 ?? 2.5 Ma) are Middle Cambrian in age. Two tholefitic basalt types are recognized. Type Tb-1 basalt, present as pillowed and massive lava flows and as sills in both units, has depleted La and Ce ([La/Nd]N = 0.53-0.87) values, flat heavy rare earth element (REE) values, and no positive Th or negative Ta anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. In contrast, type Th-2 basalt, present only in the Castine Volcanics, has stightly enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N = 1.42-2.92) values and no Th or Th anomalies. Both basalt types have strongly positive ??Nd (500) values (Th-1 = +7.9-+8.6; Th-2 = +5.6-+7.0) and relatively enriched Pb isotopic compositions (206Ph/204Pb = 18.037-19.784; 207/204Pb = 15.531-15.660; 2088Pb/204Pb = 37.810-38.817). The basalts have compositions transitional between recent normal and enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt, and they were probably derived by partial melting of compositionatly heterogeneous asthenosphenc mantle. Two types of rhyolite also are present. Type R-1 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as tuffs interlayered with basalt in the Ellsworth Schist, is calc-alkaline and characterized by relatively low REE, Zr, and Hf contents, enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N ???3-6), positive Th and negative Th anomalies, ??Nd (500) values near zero (+0.5 to -0.9), and relatively unradiogenic Ph isotope values (206Pb/204Pb = 18.845; 207Pb/ 204Pb = 15.625; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.626). The data suggest that R-1 rhyolite magma was Likely derived by mixing of basalt with melts from a relatively depleted crustal source. Type R-2 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as lava flows and domes in the Castine volcanics, is tholeiitic and characterized by enriched REE with flat patterns ([La/Yb]N = 1-2.5), moderate negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0-34.5), enriched Th, small negative Th anomalies, and ??Nd (500) (+5.8-+7.5) and Ph isotope (206Pb/204Pb = 19.175-19.619; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.605--15.649; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.834-38.851) values that overlap those of the tholeiitic basalts. The data suggest that R-2 rhyolite magma was derived by the partial melting of hydrothermally altered basalt with the addition of a small amount of an enriched component, probably R-1 rhyolite. The geololic, geochemicai, and isotopic characteristics of the bimodal volcanic sequences strongly suggest that the Ellsworth terrane did not evolve as an extensional back-arc basin behind an active arc, but rather it evolved as a proto-oceanic rift petrogenetically similar to Cenozoic rifts like the Gulf of California-Salton mrough and Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift systems. Such a setting is supported by the presence of serpentinized mantle and zinc-copper-rich massive sulfide deposits in the Ellsworth terrane. We conclude that the Ellsworth terrane developed as a Mid","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26336.1","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., Stewart, D.B., Tucker, R.D., Pollock, J., and Ayuso, R., 2008, The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 9-10, p. 1134-1158, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1.","startPage":"1134","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba719e4b08c986b321367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, D. B.","contributorId":41809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, J.C.","contributorId":107496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030262,"text":"70030262 - 2008 - The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030262","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland","docAbstract":"The diversity and resultant habitat value of wetland plant communities in the Laurentian Great Lake's are dependent on water-level fluctuations of varying frequency and amplitude. Conceptual models have described the response of vegetation to alternating high and low lake levels, but few quantitative studies have documented the changes that occur. In response to recent concerns over shoreline management activities during an ongoing period of low lake levels in lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron that began in 1999, we analyzed a quantitative data set from Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron collected from 1988 to 1993 during a previous lake-level decline to provide the needed information on vegetation responses. Transects were established that followed topographic contours with water-level histories that differed across a six-year period, ranging from barely flooded to dewatered for varying numbers of years to never dewatered. Percent cover data from randomly placed quadrats along those transects were analyzed to assess floristic changes over time, document development of distinct plant assemblages, and relate the results to lake-level changes. Ordinations showed that plant assemblages sorted out by transects that reflect differing water-level histories. Distinction of assemblages was maintained for at least three years, although the composition and positioning of those assemblages changed as lake levels changed. We present a model that uses orthogonal axes to plot transects by years out of water against distance above water and sorted those transects in a manner that matched ordination results. The model suggests that vegetation response following dewatering is dependent on both position along the water level/soil moisture gradient and length of time since dewatering. This study provided quantitative evidence that lake-level fluctuations drive vegetative change in Great Lakes wetlands, and it may assist in making decisions regarding shoreline management in areas that historically supported wetlands. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-129.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D., and Nichols, S.J., 2008, The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 2, p. 487-501, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-129.1.","startPage":"487","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476752,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2271","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-129.1"},{"id":239473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babace4b08c986b322fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, S. J.","contributorId":63770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030261,"text":"70030261 - 2008 - Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","docAbstract":"An intermountain playa wetland preserve in Colorado's San Luis Valley was studied to assess how its current hydrologic function compares to its natural hydrologic regime. Current hydrologic conditions were quantified, and on-site effects of off-site water use were assessed. A water-budget model was developed to simulate an unaltered (i.e., natural) hydrologic regime, and simulated natural conditions were compared to observed conditions. From 1998-2002, observed stream inflows accounted for ??? 80% of total annual water inputs. No ground water discharged to the wetland. Evapotranspiration (ET) accounted for ??? 69% of total annual water loss. Simulated natural conditions differed substantially from current altered conditions with respect to depth, variability, and frequency of flooding. During 1998-2002, observed monthly mean surface-water depth was 65% lower than under simulated natural conditions. Observed monthly variability in water depth range from 129% greater (May) to 100% less (September and October) than simulated. As observed, the wetland dried completely (i.e., was ephemeral) in all years; as simulated, the wetland was ephemeral in two of five years. For the period 1915-2002, the simulated wetland was inundated continuously for as long as 16 years and nine months. The large differences in observed and simulated surface-water dynamics resulted from differences between altered and simulated unaltered stream inflows. The maximum and minimum annual total stream inflows observed from 1998-2005 were 3.1 ?? 106 m3 and 0 m3, respectively, versus 15.5 ?? 106 m3 and 3.2 ?? 106 m3 under simulated natural conditions from 1915-2002. The maximum simulated inflow was 484% greater than observed. These data indicate that the current hydrologic regime of this intermountain playa differs significantly from its natural hydrologic regime, which has important implications for planning and assessing conservation success. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-76.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Sanderson, J., Kotliar, N., Steingraeber, D., and Browne, C., 2008, Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 2, p. 363-377, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1.","startPage":"363","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1"},{"id":239437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb7e4b08c986b3190cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderson, J.S.","contributorId":13424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steingraeber, D.A.","contributorId":95269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Browne, C.","contributorId":30035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032757,"text":"70032757 - 2008 - Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T14:04:31","indexId":"70032757","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data","docAbstract":"A remote sensing approach permits for the first time the derivation of a map of the carbon dioxide concentration in a volcanic plume. The airborne imaging remote sensing overcomes the typical difficulties associated with the ground measurements and permits rapid and large views of the volcanic processes together with the measurements of volatile components exolving from craters. Hyperspectral images in the infrared range (1900–2100 nm), where carbon dioxide absorption lines are present, have been used. These images were acquired during an airborne campaign by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) over the Pu`u` O`o Vent situated at the Kilauea East Rift zone, Hawaii. Using a radiative transfer model to simulate the measured up-welling spectral radiance and by applying the newly developed mapping technique, the carbon dioxide concentration map of the Pu`u` O`o Vent plume were obtained. The carbon dioxide integrated flux rate were calculated and a mean value of 396 ± 138 t d− 1 was obtained. This result is in agreement, within the measurements errors, with those of the ground measurements taken during the airborne campaign. 2008 Elsevier Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Spinetti, C., Carrere, V., Buongiorno, M.F., Sutton, A.J., and Elias, T., 2008, Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 6, p. 3192-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3192","endPage":"3199","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f361e4b0c8380cd4b775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinetti, C.","contributorId":64899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinetti","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrere, V.","contributorId":31212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrere","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buongiorno, M. Fabrizia","contributorId":102698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buongiorno","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Fabrizia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032760,"text":"70032760 - 2008 - Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:02:16","indexId":"70032760","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3095,"text":"Polar Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska","docAbstract":"During the spring of 2006, Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was acquired on a continual basis for the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), in the northeast portion of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPR-A) in order to monitor lake ice melting processes. During data processing, it was discovered that the Radarsat-1 imagery detected features associated with winter seismic survey activity. Focused analysis of the image time series revealed various aspects of the exploration process such as the grid profile associated with the seismic line surveys as well as trails and campsites associated with the mobile survey crews. Due to the high temporal resolution of the dataset it was possible to track the progress of activities over a one month period. Spaceborne SAR imagery can provide information on the location of winter seismic activity and could be used as a monitoring tool for land and resource managers as increased petroleum-based activity occurs in the TLSA and NPR-A.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0032247407007206","issn":"00322474","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Rykhus, R., Lu, Z., Arp, C., and Selkowitz, D., 2008, Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska: Polar Record, v. 44, no. 3, p. 227-231, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247407007206.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247407007206"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9385e4b0c8380cd80e85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Selkowitz, D.J.","contributorId":82886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032772,"text":"70032772 - 2008 - Using the Model Coupling Toolkit to couple earth system models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:57:12","indexId":"70032772","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the Model Coupling Toolkit to couple earth system models","docAbstract":"Continued advances in computational resources are providing the opportunity to operate more sophisticated numerical models. Additionally, there is an increasing demand for multidisciplinary studies that include interactions between different physical processes. Therefore there is a strong desire to develop coupled modeling systems that utilize existing models and allow efficient data exchange and model control. The basic system would entail model \"1\" running on \"M\" processors and model \"2\" running on \"N\" processors, with efficient exchange of model fields at predetermined synchronization intervals. Here we demonstrate two coupled systems: the coupling of the ocean circulation model Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to the surface wave model Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN), and the coupling of ROMS to the atmospheric model Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Prediction System (COAMPS). Both coupled systems use the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT) as a mechanism for operation control and inter-model distributed memory transfer of model variables. In this paper we describe requirements and other options for model coupling, explain the MCT library, ROMS, SWAN and COAMPS models, methods for grid decomposition and sparse matrix interpolation, and provide an example from each coupled system. Methods presented in this paper are clearly applicable for coupling of other types of models. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.03.002","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Perlin, N., and Skyllingstad, E., 2008, Using the Model Coupling Toolkit to couple earth system models: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 23, no. 10-11, p. 1240-1249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.03.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1240","endPage":"1249","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0b0e4b08c986b32a281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perlin, N.","contributorId":25004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlin","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skyllingstad, E.D.","contributorId":57670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skyllingstad","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032773,"text":"70032773 - 2008 - Modelling the impact of wind stress and river discharge on Danshuei River plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032773","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":840,"text":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling the impact of wind stress and river discharge on Danshuei River plume","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, time-dependent, baroclinic, hydrodynamic and salinity model, UnTRIM, was performed and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system and adjacent coastal sea in northern Taiwan. The model forcing functions consist of tidal elevations along the open boundaries and freshwater inflows from the main stream and major tributaries in the Danshuei River estuarine system. The bottom friction coefficient was adjusted to achieve model calibration and verification in model simulations of barotropic and baroclinic flows. The turbulent diffusivities were ascertained through comparison of simulated salinity time series with observations. The model simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the available field data. The validated model was then used to investigate the influence of wind stress and freshwater discharge on Dasnhuei River plume. As the absence of wind stress, the anticyclonic circulation is prevailed along the north to west coast. The model results reveal when winds are downwelling-favorable, the surface low-salinity waters are flushed out and move to southwest coast. Conversely, large amounts of low-salinity water flushed out the Danshuei River mouth during upwelling-favorable winds, as the buoyancy-driven circulation is reversed. Wind stress and freshwater discharge are shown to control the plume structure. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2007.03.009","issn":"0307904X","usgsCitation":"Liu, W., Chen, W., Cheng, R.T., and Hsu, M., 2008, Modelling the impact of wind stress and river discharge on Danshuei River plume: Applied Mathematical Modelling, v. 32, no. 7, p. 1255-1280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2007.03.009.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1280","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487694,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2007.03.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213985,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2007.03.009"},{"id":241667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c77e4b0c8380cd6fd08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, W.-C.","contributorId":9468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"W.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, W.-B.","contributorId":62413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"W.-B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsu, M.-H.","contributorId":28074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"M.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032805,"text":"70032805 - 2008 - Long-term changes in the phosphorus loading to and trophic state of the Salton Sea, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:15","indexId":"70032805","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term changes in the phosphorus loading to and trophic state of the Salton Sea, California","docAbstract":"The Salton Sea (Sea) is a eutrophic to hypereutrophic lake characterized by high nutrient concentrations, low water clarity, and high biological productivity. Based on dissolved phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and N:P ratios, P is typically the limiting nutrient in the Sea and, therefore, should be the primary nutrient of concern when considering management efforts. Flows in the major tributaries to the Sea have been measured since 1965, whereas total P (TP) concentrations were only measured intermittently by various agencies since 1968. These data were used to estimate annual P loading from 1965 to 2002. Annual loads have increased steadily from ???940,000 kg around 1968 to ???1,450,000 kg in 2002 (???55% increase), primarily a result of increased TP concentrations and loads in the New River. Although the eutrophic condition of the Salton Sea is of great concern, only limited nutrient data are available for the Sea. It is difficult to determine whether the eutrophic state of the Sea has degraded or possibly even improved slightly in response to the change in P loading because of variability in the data and changes in the sampling and analytical methodologies. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9312-5","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Schladow, S., and Holdren, G., 2008, Long-term changes in the phosphorus loading to and trophic state of the Salton Sea, California: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 21-36, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9312-5.","startPage":"21","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213930,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9312-5"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a497ee4b0c8380cd6865c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holdren, G.C.","contributorId":63630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holdren","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032814,"text":"70032814 - 2008 - Transient deterministic shallow landslide modeling: Requirements for susceptibility and hazard assessments in a GIS framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70032814","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient deterministic shallow landslide modeling: Requirements for susceptibility and hazard assessments in a GIS framework","docAbstract":"Application of transient deterministic shallow landslide models over broad regions for hazard and susceptibility assessments requires information on rainfall, topography and the distribution and properties of hillside materials. We survey techniques for generating the spatial and temporal input data for such models and present an example using a transient deterministic model that combines an analytic solution to assess the pore-pressure response to rainfall infiltration with an infinite-slope stability calculation. Pore-pressures and factors of safety are computed on a cell-by-cell basis and can be displayed or manipulated in a grid-based GIS. Input data are high-resolution (1.8??m) topographic information derived from LiDAR data and simple descriptions of initial pore-pressure distribution and boundary conditions for a study area north of Seattle, Washington. Rainfall information is taken from a previously defined empirical rainfall intensity-duration threshold and material strength and hydraulic properties were measured both in the field and laboratory. Results are tested by comparison with a shallow landslide inventory. Comparison of results with those from static infinite-slope stability analyses assuming fixed water-table heights shows that the spatial prediction of shallow landslide susceptibility is improved using the transient analyses; moreover, results can be depicted in terms of the rainfall intensity and duration known to trigger shallow landslides in the study area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.019","issn":"00137","usgsCitation":"Godt, J., Baum, R., Savage, W.Z., Salciarini, D., Schulz, W., and Harp, E.L., 2008, Transient deterministic shallow landslide modeling: Requirements for susceptibility and hazard assessments in a GIS framework: Engineering Geology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 214-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.019.","startPage":"214","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214055,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.019"},{"id":241742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6fae4b08c986b326fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salciarini, D.","contributorId":59255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033066,"text":"70033066 - 2008 - Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai'i Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033066","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai'i Island","docAbstract":"Through intentional and accidental introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneumonidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have become established in the Hawaiian Islands. The extent to which these parasitoid wasps have penetrated native wet forests was investigated over a 1,765 m elevation gradient on windward Hawai'i Island. For >1 year, malaise traps were used to continuously monitor parasitoid abundance and species richness in nine sites over three elevations. A total of 18,996 individuals from 16 subfamilies were collected. Overall, the fauna was dominated by aliens, with 44 of 58 species foreign to the Hawaiian Islands. Ichneumonidae was dominant over Braconidae in terms of both diversity and abundance, comprising 67.5% of individuals and 69.0% of species collected. Parasitoid abundance and species richness varied significantly with elevation: abundance was greater at mid and high elevations compared to low elevation while species richness increased with increasing elevation, with all three elevations differing significantly from each other. Nine species purposely introduced to control pest insects were found, but one braconid, Meteorus laphygmae, comprised 98.0% of this assemblage, or 28.3% of the entire fauna. Endemic species, primarily within the genera Spolas and Enicospilus, were collected almost exclusively at mid- and high-elevation sites, where they made up 22.1% and 36.0% of the total catch, respectively. Overall, 75.9% of species and 96.0% of individuals are inferred to parasitize Lepidoptera larvae and pupae. Our results support previous data indicating that alien parasitoids have deeply penetrated native forest habitats and may have substantial impacts on Hawaiian ecosystems. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1","issn":"13873","usgsCitation":"Peck, R., Banko, P., Schwarzfeld, M., Euaparadorn, M., and Brinck, K., 2008, Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai'i Island: Biological Invasions, v. 10, no. 8, p. 1441-1455, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1.","startPage":"1441","endPage":"1455","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213420,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1"},{"id":241044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e962e4b0c8380cd4823a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, R.W.","contributorId":96076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banko, P.C. 0000-0002-6035-9803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":99531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarzfeld, M.","contributorId":95693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzfeld","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euaparadorn, M.","contributorId":56448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euaparadorn","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brinck, K.W.","contributorId":25763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinck","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033276,"text":"70033276 - 2008 - Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033276","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"We use GPS data to measure the aseismic slip along the central San Andreas fault (CSAF) and the deformation across adjacent faults. Comparison of EDM and GPS data sets implies that, except for small-scale transients, the fault motion has been steady over the last 40 years. We add 42 new GPS, velocities along the CSAF to constrain the regional strain distribution. Shear strain rates are less than 0.083 ?? 0.010 ??strain/yr adjacent to the creeping SAF, with 1-4.5 mm/yr of contraction across the Coast Ranges. Dislocation modeling of the data gives a deep, long-term slip rate of 31-35 mm/yr and a shallow (0-12 km) creep rate of 28 mm/yr along the central portion of the CSAF, consistent with surface creep measurements. The lower shallow slip rate may be due to the effect of partial locking along the CSAF or reflect reduced creep rates late in the earthquake cycle of the adjoining SAF rupture zones. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL034437","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Rolandone, F., Burgmann, R., Agnew, D., Johanson, I., Templeton, D., d'Alessio, M., Titus, S., DeMets, C., and Tikoff, B., 2008, Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034437.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034437"},{"id":241095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb7e4b0c8380cd4997a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rolandone, F.","contributorId":54783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rolandone","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johanson, I.A.","contributorId":36735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"I.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Templeton, D.C.","contributorId":89016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templeton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"d'Alessio, M. A.","contributorId":43159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d'Alessio","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Titus, S.J.","contributorId":101523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeMets, C.","contributorId":19308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMets","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tikoff, B.","contributorId":90934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tikoff","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033285,"text":"70033285 - 2008 - Using demography and movement behavior to predict range expansion of the southern sea otter.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:36:36","indexId":"70033285","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using demography and movement behavior to predict range expansion of the southern sea otter.","docAbstract":"In addition to forecasting population growth, basic demographic data combined with movement data provide a means for predicting rates of range expansion. Quantitative models of range expansion have rarely been applied to large vertebrates, although such tools could be useful for restoration and management of many threatened but recovering populations. Using the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) as a case study, we utilized integro-difference equations in combination with a stage-structured projection matrix that incorporated spatial variation in dispersal and demography to make forecasts of population recovery and range recolonization. In addition to these basic predictions, we emphasize how to make these modeling predictions useful in a management context through the inclusion of parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Our models resulted in hind-cast (1989–2003) predictions of net population growth and range expansion that closely matched observed patterns. We next made projections of future range expansion and population growth, incorporating uncertainty in all model parameters, and explored the sensitivity of model predictions to variation in spatially explicit survival and dispersal rates. The predicted rate of southward range expansion (median = 5.2 km/yr) was sensitive to both dispersal and survival rates; elasticity analysis indicated that changes in adult survival would have the greatest potential effect on the rate of range expansion, while perturbation analysis showed that variation in subadult dispersal contributed most to variance in model predictions. Variation in survival and dispersal of females at the south end of the range contributed most of the variance in predicted southward range expansion. Our approach provides guidance for the acquisition of further data and a means of forecasting the consequence of specific management actions. Similar methods could aid in the management of other recovering populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/07-0735.1","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Doak, D., and Estes, J.A., 2008, Using demography and movement behavior to predict range expansion of the southern sea otter.: Ecological Applications, v. 18, no. 7, p. 1781-1794, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0735.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1781","endPage":"1794","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc043e4b08c986b32a013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033296,"text":"70033296 - 2008 - Comparison of remote sensing image processing techniques to identify tornado damage areas from Landsat TM data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:20:31","indexId":"70033296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of remote sensing image processing techniques to identify tornado damage areas from Landsat TM data","docAbstract":"Remote sensing techniques have been shown effective for large-scale damage surveys after a hazardous event in both near real-time or post-event analyses. The paper aims to compare accuracy of common imaging processing techniques to detect tornado damage tracks from Landsat TM data. We employed the direct change detection approach using two sets of images acquired before and after the tornado event to produce a principal component composite images and a set of image difference bands. Techniques in the comparison include supervised classification, unsupervised classification, and objectoriented classification approach with a nearest neighbor classifier. Accuracy assessment is based on Kappa coefficient calculated from error matrices which cross tabulate correctly identified cells on the TM image and commission and omission errors in the result. Overall, the Object-oriented Approach exhibits the highest degree of accuracy in tornado damage detection. PCA and Image Differencing methods show comparable outcomes. While selected PCs can improve detection accuracy 5 to 10%, the Object-oriented Approach performs significantly better with 15-20% higher accuracy than the other two techniques. ?? 2008 by MDPI.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3390/s8021128","issn":"14243210","usgsCitation":"Myint, S., Yuan, M., Cerveny, R., and Giri, C., 2008, Comparison of remote sensing image processing techniques to identify tornado damage areas from Landsat TM data: Sensors, v. 8, no. 2, p. 1128-1156, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021128.","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f888e4b0c8380cd4d17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myint, S.W.","contributorId":18103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myint","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuan, M.","contributorId":20889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cerveny, R.S.","contributorId":18899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerveny","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giri, C.P.","contributorId":29647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033307,"text":"70033307 - 2008 - De-convoluting mixed crude oil in Prudhoe Bay Field, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033307","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"De-convoluting mixed crude oil in Prudhoe Bay Field, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Seventy-four crude oil samples from the Barrow arch on the North Slope of Alaska were studied to assess the relative volumetric contributions from different source rocks to the giant Prudhoe Bay Field. We applied alternating least squares to concentration data (ALS-C) for 46 biomarkers in the range C19-C35 to de-convolute mixtures of oil generated from carbonate rich Triassic Shublik Formation and clay rich Jurassic Kingak Shale and Cretaceous Hue Shale-gamma ray zone (Hue-GRZ) source rocks. ALS-C results for 23 oil samples from the prolific Ivishak Formation reservoir of the Prudhoe Bay Field indicate approximately equal contributions from Shublik Formation and Hue-GRZ source rocks (37% each), less from the Kingak Shale (26%), and little or no contribution from other source rocks. These results differ from published interpretations that most oil in the Prudhoe Bay Field originated from the Shublik Formation source rock. With few exceptions, the relative contribution of oil from the Shublik Formation decreases, while that from the Hue-GRZ increases in reservoirs along the Barrow arch from Point Barrow in the northwest to Point Thomson in the southeast (???250 miles or 400 km). The Shublik contribution also decreases to a lesser degree between fault blocks within the Ivishak pool from west to east across the Prudhoe Bay Field. ALS-C provides a robust means to calculate the relative amounts of two or more oil types in a mixture. Furthermore, ALS-C does not require that pure end member oils be identified prior to analysis or that laboratory mixtures of these oils be prepared to evaluate mixing. ALS-C of biomarkers reliably de-convolutes mixtures because the concentrations of compounds in mixtures vary as linear functions of the amount of each oil type. ALS of biomarker ratios (ALS-R) cannot be used to de-convolute mixtures because compound ratios vary as nonlinear functions of the amount of each oil type.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Scott, R.L., Zumberge, J., Valin, Z., and Bird, K.J., 2008, De-convoluting mixed crude oil in Prudhoe Bay Field, North Slope, Alaska: Organic Geochemistry, v. 39, no. 6, p. 623-645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001.","startPage":"623","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde9e4b0c8380cd4e9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Ramos L.","contributorId":43177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Ramos","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J.E.","contributorId":37867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valin, Z. C. 0000-0001-6199-6700","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-6700","contributorId":75165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valin","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033329,"text":"70033329 - 2008 - An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033329","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species","docAbstract":"Many fish species are at risk to some degree, and conservation efforts are planned or underway to preserve sensitive populations. For many imperiled species, models could serve as useful tools for researchers and managers as they seek to understand individual growth, quantify predator-prey dynamics, and identify critical sources of mortality. Development and application of models for rare species however, has been constrained by small population sizes, difficulty in obtaining sampling permits, limited opportunities for funding, and regulations on how endangered species can be used in laboratory studies. Bioenergetic and life history models should help with endangered species-recovery planning since these types of models have been used successfully in the last 25 years to address management problems for many commercially and recreationally important fish species. In this paper we discuss five approaches to developing models and parameters for rare species. Borrowing model functions and parameters from related species is simple, but uncorroborated results can be misleading. Directly estimating parameters with laboratory studies may be possible for rare species that have locally abundant populations. Monte Carlo filtering can be used to estimate several parameters by means of performing simple laboratory growth experiments to first determine test criteria. Pattern-oriented modeling (POM) is a new and developing field of research that uses field-observed patterns to build, test, and parameterize models. Models developed using the POM approach are closely linked to field data, produce testable hypotheses, and require a close working relationship between modelers and empiricists. Artificial evolution in individual-based models can be used to gain insight into adaptive behaviors for poorly understood species and thus can fill in knowledge gaps. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-045.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., DeAngelis, D., and Paukert, C., 2008, An overview of methods for developing bioenergetic and life history models for rare and endangered species: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 1, p. 244-253, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-045.1.","startPage":"244","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487778,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/t05-045.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-045.1"},{"id":240929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaabe4b0c8380cd489e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033330,"text":"70033330 - 2008 - Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033330","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1234,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the phase velocity of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves in a six-layer earth model. The results show that fundamental mode is more sensitive to the shear velocities of shallow layers (< 7 m) and concentrated in a very narrow band (around 18 Hz) while higher modes are more sensitive to the parameters of relatively deeper layers and distributed over a wider frequency band. These properties provide a foundation of using a multi-mode joint inversion to define S-wave velocity. Inversion results of both synthetic data and a real-world example demonstrate that joint inversion with the damped least squares method and the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) technique to invert Rayleigh waves of fundamental and higher modes can effectively reduce the ambiguity and improve the accuracy of inverted S-wave velocities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"00015733","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2008, Joint inversion of fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves: Chinese Journal of Geophysics (Acta Geophysica Sinica), v. 51, no. 1, p. 242-249.","startPage":"242","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4001e4b0c8380cd649c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.-H.","contributorId":25765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.-H.","contributorId":58105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.-P.","contributorId":102695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Q.-S.","contributorId":15017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27 μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5 μg/L at pH < 7.5 regardless of geology. δ53Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ53Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ53Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ53Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ53Cr values were observed as dissolved O2 concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ53Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ53Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ53Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ53Cr values at the site. Although δ53Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ53Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ18O and δD composition of water from wells.