{"pageNumber":"834","pageRowStart":"20825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46730,"records":[{"id":70032275,"text":"70032275 - 2008 - Strong-motion data from the two Pingtung, Taiwan, earthquakes of 26 December 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T07:28:21","indexId":"70032275","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3532,"text":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-motion data from the two Pingtung, Taiwan, earthquakes of 26 December 2006","docAbstract":"1016 strong-motion records at 527 free-field stations and 131 records at 42 strong-motion arrays at buildings and bridges were obtained for the Pingtung earthquake doublet from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau's dense, digital strong-motion network. We carried out standard processing of these strong-motion records at free-field stations. A data set, including the originally recorded files, processed data files, and supporting software and information, is archived online http:// tecdc.earth.sinica.edu.tw/data/EQ2006Pingtung/. We have not yet completed the processing of the strong-motion array data at buildings and bridges. However, some preliminary results and the strong-motion array data recorded at the second nearest instrumented building to the Pingtung earthquake doublet are shown. This paper is intended to document our data processing procedures and the online archived data files, so that researchers can efficiently use the data. We also include two preliminary analyses: (1) a comparison of ground motions recorded by multiple accelerographs at a common site, the TAP 117 station in Taipei, and (2) attenuation of the horizontal ground motions (peak acceleration and response spectra at periods of 0.2, 1.0, and 3.0 s) with respect to distance. Our comparison study of multiple recordings at TAP 117 indicates that waveform coherence among 20- and 24-bit accelerograph records is much higher as compared to records from 16-bit or 12-bit accelerographs, suggesting that the former are of better quality. For the 20- and 24-bit accelerographs, waveform coherence is nearly 1 over the frequency range 1 to 8 Hz for all components, and is greater than about 0.9 from 8 to 20 Hz for the horizontal component, but only from 8 to 12 Hz for the vertical component. Plots of pseudo-acceleration response spectra (PSA) as a function of distance, however, show no clear indication for a difference related to the performance level of the accelerographs. The ground-motions of the first event (Mw = 7.0) are comparable, or even somewhat lower, than those from the smaller second event (Mw = 6.9), consistent with the relative difference of the local magnitudes (ML = 6.96 and 6.99 for the first and second events, respectively). The ground motions from the first event are generally lower than those predicted from equations based on other in-slab subduction earthquakes, whereas the ground motions from the second event are closer to the predictions. Ground-motions for soil sites are generally larger than those from rock sites.","language":"English","publisher":"CGU","doi":"10.3319/TAO.2008.19.6.595(PT)","issn":"10170","usgsCitation":"Wu, C., Lee, W., and Boore, D., 2008, Strong-motion data from the two Pingtung, Taiwan, earthquakes of 26 December 2006: Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, v. 19, no. 6, p. 595-639, https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2008.19.6.595(PT).","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2008.19.6.595(pt)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[121.77782,24.39427],[121.17563,22.79086],[120.74708,21.97057],[120.22008,22.81486],[120.10619,23.55626],[120.69468,24.53845],[121.49504,25.29546],[121.95124,24.9976],[121.77782,24.39427]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Taiwan\"}}]}","volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b97e4b08c986b31cfa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, C.-F.","contributorId":38796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"C.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033421,"text":"70033421 - 2008 - Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:26:57","indexId":"70033421","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previous observations have noted the change in albedo in a number of North Pole bright outliers and in the distribution of bright ice deposits between Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data sets. Changes over the summer season as well as between regions at the same season (</span><i>L</i><sub>s</sub><span>) in different years have been observed. We used the bolometric albedo and brightness temperature channels of the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the MGS spacecraft to monitor north polar residual ice cap variations between Mars years and within the summer season for three northern Martian summers between July 1999 and April 2003. Large-scale brightness variations are observed in four general areas: (1) the patchy outlying frost deposits from 90 to 270°E, 75 to 80°N; (2) the large “tail” below the Chasma Boreale and its associated plateau from 315 to 45°E, 80 to 85°N, that we call the “Boreale Tongue” and in Hyperboreae Undae; (3) the troughed terrain in the region from 0 to 120°E longitude (the lower right on a polar stereographic projection) we have called “Shackleton's Grooves” and (4) the unit mapped as residual ice in Olympia Planitia. We also note two areas which seem to persist as cool and bright throughout the summer and between Mars years. One is at the “source” of Chasma Boreale (∼15°E, 85°N) dubbed “McMurdo”, and the “Cool and Bright Anomaly (CABA)” noted by Kieffer and Titus 2001. TES Mapping of Mars’ north seasonal cap. Icarus 154, 162–180] at ∼330°E, 87°N called here “Vostok”. Overall defrosting occurs early in the summer as the temperatures rise and then after the peak temperatures are reached (</span><i>L</i><sub>s</sub><span>∼110) higher elevations and outlier bright deposits cold trap and re-accumulate new frost. Persistent bright areas are associated with either higher elevations or higher background albedos suggesting complex feedback mechanisms including cold-trapping of frost due to albedo and elevation effects, as well as influence of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., and Titus, T.N., 2008, Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES): Planetary and Space Science, v. 56, no. 2, p. 212-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f42e4b08c986b31e44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M.","contributorId":93508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032186,"text":"70032186 - 2008 - Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal southern Rhode Island was estimated from measurements of the naturally-occurring radioisotopes 226Ra (t1/2 = 1600??y) and 228Ra (t1/2 = 5.75??y). Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in the surface water of Rhode Island Sound, from January 2002 to August 2003; additional porewater samples were collected in August 2005. Surface water activities ranged from 12-83??dpm 100??L- 1 (60??dpm = 1??Bq) and 21-256??dpm 100??L- 1 for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively. Porewater 226Ra activities ranged from 16-736??dpm 100??L- 1 (2002-2003) and 95-815??dpm 100??L- 1 (2005), while porewater 228Ra activities ranged from 23-1265??dpm 100??L- 1. Combining these data with a simple box model provided average 226Ra-based submarine groundwater fluxes ranging from 11-159??L m- 2 d- 1 and average 228Ra-derived fluxes of 15-259??L m- 2 d- 1. Seasonal changes in Ra-derived SGD were apparent in all ponds as well as between ponds, with SGD values of 30-472??L m- 2 d- 1 (Winnapaug Pond), 6-20??L m- 2 d- 1 (Quonochontaug Pond), 36-273??L m- 2 d- 1 (Ninigret Pond), 29-76??L m- 2 d- 1 (Green Hill Pond), and 19-83??L m- 2 d- 1 (Pt. Judith-Potter Pond). These Ra-derived fluxes are up to two orders of magnitude higher than results predicted by a numerical model of groundwater flow, estimates of aquifer recharge for the study period, and values published in previous Ra-based SGD studies in Rhode Island. This disparity may result from differences in the type of flow (recirculated seawater versus fresh groundwater) determined using each technique, as well as variability in porewater Ra activity. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Hougham, A., Moran, S., Masterson, J., and Kelly, R., 2008, Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers: Marine Chemistry, v. 109, no. 3-4, p. 268-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001.","startPage":"268","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001"},{"id":242475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8885e4b08c986b3169f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hougham, A.L.","contributorId":61254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hougham","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, S.B.","contributorId":7928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":102516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, R.P.","contributorId":80502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032200,"text":"70032200 - 2008 - Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:06:22","indexId":"70032200","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mercury contained in buried landfill waste may be released via upward emission to the atmosphere or downward leaching to groundwater. Data from the US Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in arid southwestern Nevada reveal another potential pathway of Hg release: long-distance (10</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) lateral migration of elemental Hg (Hg</span><sup>0</sup><span>) through the unsaturated zone. Gas collected from multiple depths from two instrumented boreholes that sample the entire 110-m unsaturated zone thickness and are located 100 and 160</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m away from the closest waste burial trench exhibit gaseous Hg concentrations of up to 33 and 11</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ng</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>−3</sup><span>, respectively. The vertical distribution of gaseous Hg in the borehole closest to the disposal site shows distinct subsurface peaks in concentration at depths of 1.5 and 24</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m that cannot be explained by radial diffusive transport through a heterogeneous layered unsaturated zone. The inability of current models to explain gaseous Hg distribution at the ADRS highlights the need to advance the understanding of gas-phase contaminant transport in unsaturated zones to attain a comprehensive model of landfill Hg release.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Andraski, B.J., Krabbenhoft, D., and Striegl, R.G., 2008, Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 572-583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"583","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb74fe4b08c986b3271af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032868,"text":"70032868 - 2008 - Micropaleontologic record of late Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T09:01:52","indexId":"70032868","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Micropaleontologic record of late Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Micropaleontological data provide a strong actualistic basis for detailed interpretations of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change. The 90&nbsp;m-thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the USA provides an excellent opportunity to use such an approach in a region where the details of Quaternary environmental change are poorly known.</p><p>The foraminiferal record in nine cores from the northern Outer Banks, east of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, indicates the deposition of subhorizontal, mostly open-marine early to late Pleistocene units unconformably upon a basement of late Pliocene reduced-oxygen, fine-grained, shelf-basin deposits. Pollen data record several warm–cool fluctuations within the early to mid-Pleistocene deposits. Diatom data indicate that some fresh and brackish-water units occur within the generally open-marine Pleistocene succession.</p><p>A channel cut by the paleo-Roanoke River during the last glacial sea-level lowstand occurs in the northern part of the study area. Pollen indicates that the basal fluvial valley fill accumulated in cooler than modern climate conditions in the latest Pleistocene. Overlying silts and muds accumulated under cool climatic, estuarine conditions according to diatom and pollen data. Radiocarbon ages from the estuarine deposits indicate that the bulk of these sediments accumulated during the latest Pleistocene.</p><p>The estuarine channel-fill deposits are overlain by Holocene open-marine sands deposited as the rising sea transgressed into the estuary approximately 8.5 to 9.0&nbsp;kyr BP. Within the barrier island drill cores of this study, fully marine sedimentation occurred throughout the Holocene. However, immediately west of the present barrier island, mid- to late Holocene estuarine deposits underlie the modern Albemarle Sound. The islands that currently form a continuous barrier across the mouth of Albemarle Sound have a complex history of Holocene construction and destruction and large portions of them may be less than 3&nbsp;kyr old. The barrier island sands overlie open-marine sands of Colington Shoal in the north and to the south overlie fluvial and marine sand filling paleo-Roanoke tributary valleys.</p><p>The Pleistocene sediments underlying the northern Outer Banks study area are mainly of open inner to mid-shelf origin. If, as is likely, sea level continues to rise, a return to such environmental conditions is likely in the near future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.012","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Culver, S., Farrell, K., Mallinson, D.J., Horton, B.P., Willard, D., Thieler, E., Riggs, S., Snyder, S., Wehmiller, J., Bernhardt, C., and Hillier, C., 2008, Micropaleontologic record of late Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A.: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 54-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.012.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.99105834960938,\n              35.81224507919506\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5804443359375,\n              35.81224507919506\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5804443359375,\n              36.28634929429456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.99105834960938,\n              36.28634929429456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.99105834960938,\n              35.81224507919506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a568ee4b0c8380cd6d68a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culver, S.J.","contributorId":53970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrell, K.M.","contributorId":106573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallinson, D. J.","contributorId":71745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, B. P.","contributorId":96816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willard, Debra  A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra  A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Riggs, S.R.","contributorId":29807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snyder, S.W.","contributorId":92875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wehmiller, J.F.","contributorId":37891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hillier, C.","contributorId":11012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70035202,"text":"70035202 - 2008 - The ancestral cascades arc: Cenozoic evolution of the central Sierra Nevada (California) and the birth of the new plate boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035202","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ancestral cascades arc: Cenozoic evolution of the central Sierra Nevada (California) and the birth of the new plate boundary","docAbstract":"We integrate new stratigraphic, structural, geochemical, geochronological, and magnetostratigraphic data on Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the central Sierra Nevada to arrive at closely inter-related new models for: (1) the paleogeography of the ancestral Cascades arc, (2) the stratigraphic record of uplift events in the Sierra Nevada, (3) the tectonic controls on volcanic styles and compositions in the arc, and (4) the birth of a new plate margin. Previous workers have assumed that the ancestral Cascades arc consisted of stratovolcanoes, similar to the modern Cascades arc, but we suggest that the arc was composed largely of numerous, very small centers, where magmas frequently leaked up strands of the Sierran frontal fault zone. These small centers erupted to produce andesite lava domes that collapsed to produce block-and-ash flows, which were reworked into paleocanyons as volcanic debris flows and streamflow deposits. Where intrusions rose up through water-saturated paleocanyon fill, they formed peperite complexes that were commonly destabilized to form debris flows. Paleocanyons that were cut into Cretaceous bedrock and filled with Oligocene to late Miocene strata not only provide a stratigraphic record of the ancestral Cascades arc volcanism, but also deep unconformities within them record tectonic events. Preliminary correlation of newly mapped unconformities and new geochronological, magnetostratigraphic, and structural data allow us to propose three episodes of Cenozoic uplift that may correspond to (1) early Miocene onset of arc magmatism (ca. 15 Ma), (2) middle Miocene onset of Basin and Range faulting (ca. 10 Ma), and (3) late Miocene arrival of the triple junction (ca. 6 Ma), perhaps coinciding with a second episode of rapid extension on the range front. Oligocene ignimbrites, which erupted from calderas in central Nevada and filled Sierran paleocanyons, were deeply eroded during the early Miocene uplift event. The middle Miocene event is recorded by growth faulting and landslides in hanging-wall basins of normal faults. Cessation of andesite volcanism closely followed the late Miocene uplift event. We show that the onset of Basin and Range faulting coincided both spatially and temporally with eruption of distinctive, very widespread, high-K lava flows and ignimbrites from the Little Walker center (Stanislaus Group). Preliminary magnetostratigraphic work on high-K lava flows (Table Mountain Latite, 10.2 Ma) combined with new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age data allow regional-scale correlation of individual flows and estimates of minimum (28,000 yr) and maximum (230,000 yr) time spans for eruption of the lowermost latite series. This work also verifies the existence of reversed-polarity cryptochron, C5n.2n-1 at ca. 10.2 Ma, which was previously known only from seafloor magnetic anomalies. High-K volcanism continued with eruption of the three members of the Eureka Valley Tuff (9.3-9.15 Ma). In contrast with previous workers in the southern Sierra, who interpret high-K volcanism as a signal of Sierran root delamination, or input of subduction-related fluids, we propose an alternative model for K<sub>2</sub>O-rich volcanism. A regional comparison of central Sierran volcanic rocks reveals their K<sub>2</sub>O levels to be intermediate between Lassen to the north (low in K<sub>2</sub>O) and ultrapotassic volcanics in the southern Sierra. We propose that this shift reflects higher pressures of fractional crystallization to the south, controlled by a southward increase in the thickness of the granitic crust. At high pressures, basaltic magmas precipitate clinopyroxene (over olivine and plagioclase) at their liquidus; experiments and mass-balance calculations show that clinopyroxene fractionation buffers SiO <sub>2</sub> to low values while allowing K<sub>2</sub>O to increase. A thick crust to the south would also explain the sparse volcanic cover in the southern Sierra compared to the extensive volcanic cover to the north.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2438(12)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Busby, C., Hagan, J., Putirka, K., Pluhar, C.J., Gans, P.B., Wagner, D., Rood, D., DeOreo, S., and Skilling, I., 2008, The ancestral cascades arc: Cenozoic evolution of the central Sierra Nevada (California) and the birth of the new plate boundary: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 438, p. 331-378, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2438(12).","startPage":"331","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2438(12)"},{"id":243001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"438","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9bde4b08c986b32249a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busby, C.J.","contributorId":47186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagan, J.C.","contributorId":88172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagan","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Putirka, K.","contributorId":101472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putirka","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pluhar, Christopher J.","contributorId":91321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhar","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gans, P. B.","contributorId":79913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gans","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, D.L.","contributorId":49178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rood, D.","contributorId":96108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rood","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeOreo, S.B.","contributorId":7059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeOreo","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Skilling, I.","contributorId":41235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skilling","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70030616,"text":"70030616 - 2008 - Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030616","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data","docAbstract":"We report Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations of coseismic displacements and postseismic transients from the great Sumatra-Andaman Islands (thrust event; Mw ???9.2) earthquake in December 2004. Instead of using global spherical harmonic solutions of monthly gravity fields, we estimated the gravity changes directly using intersatellite range-rate data with regionally concentrated spherical Slepian basis functions every 15-day interval. We found significant step-like (coseismic) and exponential-like (postseismic) behavior in the time series of estimated coefficients (from May 2003 to April 2007) for the spherical Slepian function's. After deriving coseismic slip estimates from seismic and geodetic data that spanned different time intervals, we estimated and evaluated postseismic relaxation mechanisms with alternate asthenosphere viscosity models. The large spatial coverage and uniform accuracy of our GRACE solution enabled us to clearly delineate a postseismic transient signal in the first 2 years of postearthquake GRACE data. Our preferred interpretation of the long-wavelength components of the postseismic avity change is biviscous viscoelastic flow. We estimated a transient viscosity of 5 ??17 Pa s and a steady state viscosity of 5 ?? 1018 - 1019 Pa s. Additional years of the GRACE observations should provide improved steady state viscosity estimates. In contrast to our interpretation of coseismic gravity change, the prominent postearthquake positive gravity change around the Nicobar Islands is accounted for by seafloor uplift with less postseismic perturbation in intrinsic density in the region surrounding the earthquake. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005705","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Han, S., Sauber, J., Luthcke, S., Ji, C., and Pollitz., F.F., 2008, Implications of postseismic gravity change following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from the regional harmonic analysis of GRACE intersatellite tracking data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005705.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476758,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005705"},{"id":239567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3928e4b0c8380cd6180e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, S.-C.","contributorId":11000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"S.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauber, J.","contributorId":31540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luthcke, S.B.","contributorId":33125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollitz., F. F.","contributorId":70188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz.","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030613,"text":"70030613 - 2008 - Physical properties of sediments from Keathley Canyon and Atwater Valley, JIP Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate drilling program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:53:46","indexId":"70030613","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical properties of sediments from Keathley Canyon and Atwater Valley, JIP Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate drilling program","docAbstract":"<p><span>Physical property measurements and consolidation behavior are different between sediments from Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Void ratio and bulk density of Atwater Valley sediment from a seafloor mound (holes ATM1 and ATM2) show little effective stress (or depth) dependence to 27</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>meters below seafloor (mbsf), perhaps owing to fluidized transport through the mound itself with subsequent settling onto the seafloor or mound flanks. Off-mound sediments (hole AT13-2) have bulk physical properties that are similar to mound sediments above 27</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mbsf, but void ratio and porosity decrease below that depth. Properties of shallow (&lt;50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mbsf) Keathley Canyon sediments (KC151-3) change with increasing effective stress (or depth) compared to Atwater Valley, but vary little below that depth. Organic carbon is present in concentrations between typical near-shore and deep-sea sediments. Organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratios suggest that the organic matter contained in Atwater Valley off-mound and mound sites came from somewhat different sources. The difference in organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratios between Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon is more pronounced. At Keathley Canyon a more terrigenous source of the organic matter is indicated. Grain sizes are typically silty clay or clay within the two basins reflecting similar transport energy. However, the range in most shallow sediment properties is significantly different between the two basins. Bulk density profiles agree with logging results in Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon. Agreement between lab-derived and logging-derived properties supports using logging data to constrain bulk physical properties where cores were not collected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.018","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Winters, W.J., Dugan, B., and Collett, T.S., 2008, Physical properties of sediments from Keathley Canyon and Atwater Valley, JIP Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate drilling program: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 896-905, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"905","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476636,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2616","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.018"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.3056640625,\n              19.518375478601566\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              19.518375478601566\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3056640625,\n              29.420460341013133\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3056640625,\n              19.518375478601566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ac0e4b0c8380cd79094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, Brandon","contributorId":10213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033340,"text":"70033340 - 2008 - Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsills siliquoidea)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033340","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsills siliquoidea)","docAbstract":"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH on the toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels. Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity tests were conducted with 10-d-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) at five pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 9.0 in flow-through diluter systems at 20??C. Acute 48-h tests with amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and 96-h tests with oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were conducted concurrently under the same test conditions to determine the sensitivity of mussels relative to these two commonly tested benthic invertebrate species. During the exposure, pH levels were maintained within 0.1 of a pH unit and ammonia concentrations were relatively constant through time (coefficient of variation for ammonia concentrations ranged from 2 to 30% with a median value of 7.9%). The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of total ammonia nitrogen (N) for mussels were at least two to six times lower than the EC50s for amphipods and oligochaetes, and the EC50s for mussels decreased with increasing pH and ranged from 88 mg N/L at pH 6.6 to 0.96 mg N/L at pH 9.0. The EC50s for mussels were at or below the final acute values used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acute water quality criterion (WQC). However, the quantitative relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity to juvenile mussels was similar to the average relationship for other taxa reported in the WQC. These results indicate that including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC would lower the acute criterion but not change the WQC mathematical representation of the relative effect of pH on ammonia toxicity. ?? 2008 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-193.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Erickson, R., Ingersoll, C., Ivey, C., Brunson, E., Augspurger, T., and Barnhart, M., 2008, Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsills siliquoidea): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1141-1146, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-193.1.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1146","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-193.1"},{"id":240933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b62e4b0c8380cd624aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, R.J.","contributorId":8032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivey, C.D.","contributorId":33876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brunson, E.L.","contributorId":29924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id19\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id20\"><p id=\"simple-para0115\">Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50&nbsp;μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27&nbsp;μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5&nbsp;μg/L at pH&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;7.5 regardless of geology. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ<sup>53</sup>Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were observed as dissolved O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values at the site. Although δ<sup>53</sup>Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ<sup>53</sup>Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD composition of water from wells.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Ball, J., Bullen, T., and Sutley, S.J., 2008, Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1325-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e7e4b0c8380cd4c4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033176,"text":"70033176 - 2008 - An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033176","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data","docAbstract":"In the arid Mojave Desert, the phenological response of vegetation is largely dependent upon the timing and amount of rainfall, and maps of annual plant cover at any one point in time can vary widely. Our study developed relative annual plant growth models as proxies for annual plant cover using metrics that captured phenological variability in Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) satellite images. We used landscape phenologies revealed in MODIS data together with ecological knowledge of annual plant seasonality to develop a suite of metrics to describe annual growth on a yearly basis. Each of these metrics was applied to temporally-composited MODIS-EVI images to develop a relative model of annual growth. Each model was evaluated by testing how well it predicted field estimates of annual cover collected during 2003 and 2005 at the Mojave National Preserve. The best performing metric was the spring difference metric, which compared the average of three spring MODIS-EVI composites of a given year to that of 2002, a year of record drought. The spring difference metric showed correlations with annual plant cover of R2 = 0.61 for 2005 and R 2 = 0.47 for 2003. Although the correlation is moderate, we consider it supportive given the characteristics of the field data, which were collected for a different study in a localized area and are not ideal for calibration to MODIS pixels. A proxy for annual growth potential was developed from the spring difference metric of 2005 for use as an environmental data layer in desert tortoise habitat modeling. The application of the spring difference metric to other imagery years presents potential for other applications such as fuels, invasive species, and dust-emission monitoring in the Mojave Desert.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sensors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3390/s8127792","issn":"14248","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., and Thomas, K., 2008, An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data: Sensors, v. 8, no. 12, p. 7792-7808, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8127792.","startPage":"7792","endPage":"7808","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476678,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8127792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s8127792"},{"id":241089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9ffe4b0c8380cd4859b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, C.S.A.","contributorId":89712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, K.A.","contributorId":100934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033472,"text":"70033472 - 2008 - Postearthquake relaxation after the 2004 M6 Parkfield, California, earthquake and rate-and-state friction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033472","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postearthquake relaxation after the 2004 M6 Parkfield, California, earthquake and rate-and-state friction","docAbstract":"An unusually complete set of measurements (including rapid rate GPS over the first 10 days) of postseismic deformation is available at 12 continuous GPS stations located close to the epicenter of the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The principal component modes for the relaxation of the ensemble of those 12 GPS stations were determined. The first mode alone furnishes an adequate approximation to the data. Thus, the relaxation at all stations can be represented by the product of a common temporal function and distinct amplitudes for each component (north or east) of relaxation at each station. The distribution in space of the amplitudes indicates that the relaxation is dominantly strike slip. The temporal function, which spans times from about 5 min to 900 days postearthquake, can be fit by a superposition of three creep terms, each of the form ??l loge(1 + t/??l), with characteristic times ??, = 4.06, 0.11, and 0.0001 days. It seems likely that what is actually involved is a broad spectrum of characteristic times, the individual components of which arise from afterslip on different fault patches. Perfettini and Avouac (2004) have shown that an individual creep term can be explained by the spring-slider model with rate-dependent (no state variable) friction. The observed temporal function can also be explained using a single spring-slider model (i.e., single fault patch) that includes rate-and-state-dependent friction, a single-state variable, and either of the two commonly used (aging and slip) state evolution laws. In the latter fits, the rate-and-state friction parameter b is negative.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005723","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., and Langbein, J., 2008, Postearthquake relaxation after the 2004 M6 Parkfield, California, earthquake and rate-and-state friction: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005723.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476732,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005723","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005723"},{"id":242147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e7ae4b0c8380cd7a580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033085,"text":"70033085 - 2008 - An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033085","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer","docAbstract":"Equilibrium aqueous hydrogen concentration and corresponding energies of reaction, ??Grxno(T, P), for the reaction Co(s) + H2O(l) = CoO(s) + H2(aq) have been determined at temperatures between 256 and 355 ??C and at 400 bar. Steady-state concentrations of hydrogen were approached in experiments under conditions of both H2 excess and deficiency containing the solids Co, CoO and liquid water. All experiments were carried out in flexible gold and titanium reactors with the capability of on-line fluid sampling. Measured equilibrium molal concentrations of H2(aq) at 256, 274, 300, 324 and 355 ??C are 0.81(?? 0.01) ?? 10- 3 1.11(?? 0.01) ?? 10- 3, 1.92(?? 0.01) ?? 10- 3, 3.71(?? 0.06) ?? 10- 3, 7.54(?? 0.12) ?? 10- 3, respectively, and corresponding values of ??Grxno(T, P) in units kJ ?? mol- 1 are 31.4(?? 0.1), 31.0(?? 0.1), 29.8(?? 0.1), 27.7(?? 0.5) and 25.5(?? 0.9), respectively. Using published heat capacity data for Co(s) and CoO(s) and - 79.6 J ?? mol- 1 ?? K- 1 for the entropy of formation of CoO we calculated for this study a value for ??GCoO,Tr,Pro = - 214.5(?? 0.9) kJ ?? mol- 1 and ??HCoO,Tr,Pro = - 238.3(?? 0.9) kJ ?? mol- 1 at 25 ??C and 1 bar. The value of ??HCoO,Tr,Pro determined in this study compares well with the reported calorimetric value of - 238.9(?? 1.2) kJ ?? mol- 1 [Boyle, B.J., King, E.G., Conway, K.C., 1954. Heats of formation of nickel and cobalt oxides (NiO and CoO) by combustion calorimetry. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 76, 3835-3837]. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.005","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Lemke, K., Rosenbauer, R., Bischoff, J.L., and Bird, D., 2008, An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer: Chemical Geology, v. 252, no. 3-4, p. 136-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.005.","startPage":"136","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.005"},{"id":240781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"252","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea6ce4b0c8380cd4885c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemke, K.H.","contributorId":28091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bird, D.K.","contributorId":24934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031865,"text":"70031865 - 2008 - A satellite snow depth multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031865","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A satellite snow depth multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude regions","docAbstract":"The hydrological cycle for high latitude regions is inherently linked with the seasonal snowpack. Thus, accurately monitoring the snow depth and the associated aerial coverage are critical issues for monitoring the global climate system. Passive microwave satellite measurements provide an optimal means to monitor the snowpack over the arctic region. While the temporal evolution of snow extent can be observed globally from microwave radiometers, the determination of the corresponding snow depth is more difficult. A dynamic algorithm that accounts for the dependence of the microwave scattering on the snow grain size has been developed to estimate snow depth from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures and was validated over the U.S. Great Plains and Western Siberia. The purpose of this study is to assess the dynamic algorithm performance over the entire high latitude (land) region by computing a snow depth multi-year field for the time period 1987-1995. This multi-year average is compared to the Global Soil Wetness Project-Phase2 (GSWP2) snow depth computed from several state-of-the-art land surface schemes and averaged over the same time period. The multi-year average obtained by the dynamic algorithm is in good agreement with the GSWP2 snow depth field (the correlation coefficient for January is 0.55). The static algorithm, which assumes a constant snow grain size in space and time does not correlate with the GSWP2 snow depth field (the correlation coefficient with GSWP2 data for January is - 0.03), but exhibits a very high anti-correlation with the NCEP average January air temperature field (correlation coefficient - 0.77), the deepest satellite snow pack being located in the coldest regions, where the snow grain size may be significantly larger than the average value used in the static algorithm. The dynamic algorithm performs better over Eurasia (with a correlation coefficient with GSWP2 snow depth equal to 0.65) than over North America (where the correlation coefficient decreases to 0.29). ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.002","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Biancamaria, S., Mognard, N.M., Boone, A., Grippa, M., and Josberger, E., 2008, A satellite snow depth multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude regions: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 5, p. 2557-2568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.002.","startPage":"2557","endPage":"2568","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476714,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00575478","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.002"},{"id":242717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e569e4b0c8380cd46d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biancamaria, S.","contributorId":21338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biancamaria","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boone, A.","contributorId":38348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grippa, M.","contributorId":82098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grippa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031874,"text":"70031874 - 2008 - Comparisons of shear-wave slowness in the Santa Clara Valley, California using blind interpretations of data from invasive and noninvasive methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031874","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of shear-wave slowness in the Santa Clara Valley, California using blind interpretations of data from invasive and noninvasive methods","docAbstract":"Many groups contributed to a blind interpretation exercise for the determination of shear-wave slowness beneath the Santa Clara Valley. The methods included invasive methods in deep boreholes as well as noninvasive methods using active and passive sources, at six sites within the valley (with most investigations being conducted at a pair of closely spaced sites near the center of the valley). Although significant variability exists between the models, the slownesses from the various methods are similar enough that linear site amplifications estimated in several ways are generally within 20% of one another. The methods were able to derive slownesses that increase systematically with distance from the valley edge, corresponding to a tendency for the sites to be underlain by finer-grained materials away from the valley edge. This variation is in agreement with measurements made in the boreholes at the sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120070277","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Asten, M., 2008, Comparisons of shear-wave slowness in the Santa Clara Valley, California using blind interpretations of data from invasive and noninvasive methods: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 4, p. 1983-2003, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070277.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"2003","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070277"},{"id":242316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c4e4b0c8380cd4d2ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asten, M.W.","contributorId":101952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asten","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031876,"text":"70031876 - 2008 - The experimental basis for interpreting particle and magnetic fabrics of sheared till","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031876","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The experimental basis for interpreting particle and magnetic fabrics of sheared till","docAbstract":"Particle fabrics of basal tills may allow testing of the bed-deformation model of glacier flow, which requires high bed shear strains (>100). Field studies, however, have not yielded a systematic relationship between shear-strain magnitude and fabric development. To isolate this relationship four basal tills and viscous putty were sheared in a ring-shear device to strains as high as 714. Fabric was characterized within a zone of shear deformation using the long-axis orientations of fine-gravel and sand particles and the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of small (???5-8 cm3) intact samples. Results indicate that till particles rotate toward the plane of shearing with long-axis orientations that become tightly clustered in the direction of shear (0??78 < S1 < 0??94 for three-dimensional data). These strong, steady-state fabrics are attained at shear strains of 7-30, with no evidence of fabric weakening with further strain, regardless of the specific till or particle-size fraction under consideration. These results do not support the Jeffery model of particle rotation, which correctly describes particle rotation in the viscous putty but not in the tills, owing to fluid-mechanical assumptions of the model that are violated in till. The sensitivity of fabric development to shear-strain magnitude indicates that, for most till units where shear-strain magnitude is poorly known, attributing fabric variations to spatial differences in other variables, such as till thickness or water content, will be inherently speculative. Attributing fabric characteristics to particular basal till facies is uncertain because shear-strain magnitude is unlikely to be closely correlated to till facies. Weak or spatially variable fabrics, in the absence of post-depositional disturbance or major deviations from unidirectional simple shear, indicate that till has not been pervasively sheared to the high strains required by the bed-deformation model. Strong flow-parallel fabrics are a necessary but insufficient criterion for confirming the model. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1666","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Iverson, N., Hooyer, T., Thomason, J., Graesch, M., and Shumway, J., 2008, The experimental basis for interpreting particle and magnetic fabrics of sheared till: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 33, no. 4, p. 627-645, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1666.","startPage":"627","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1666"},{"id":242350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babede4b08c986b32317e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, N.R.","contributorId":19682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooyer, T.S.","contributorId":83242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooyer","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomason, J.F.","contributorId":11745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomason","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graesch, M.","contributorId":47184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graesch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shumway, J.R.","contributorId":79317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shumway","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031877,"text":"70031877 - 2008 - Tamarix as habitat for birds: Implications for riparian restoration in the Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031877","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tamarix as habitat for birds: Implications for riparian restoration in the Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Exotic vegetation has become a major habitat component in many ecosystems around the world, sometimes dramatically changing the vegetation community structure and composition. In the southwestern United States, riparian ecosystems are undergoing major changes in part due to the establishment and spread of the exotic Tamarix (saltcedar, tamarisk). There are concerns about the suitability of Tamarix as habitat for birds. Although Tamarix habitats tend to support fewer species and individuals than native habitats, Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas data and Birds of North America accounts show that 49 species use Tamarix as breeding habitat. Importantly, the relative use of Tamarix and its quality as habitat vary substantially by geographic location and bird species. Few studies have examined how breeding in Tamarix actually affects bird survivorship and productivity; recent research on Southwestern Willow Flycatchers has found no negative effects from breeding in Tamarix habitats. Therefore, the ecological benefits and costs of Tamarix control are difficult to predict and are likely to be species specific and site specific. Given the likelihood that high-quality native riparian vegetation will not develop at all Tamarix control sites, restoration projects that remove Tamarix but do not assure replacement by high-quality native habitat have the potential to reduce the net riparian habitat value for some local or regional bird populations. Therefore, an assessment of potential negative impacts is important in deciding if exotic control should be conducted. In addition, measurable project objectives, appropriate control and restoration techniques, and robust monitoring are all critical to effective restoration planning and execution. ?? 2008 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00357.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Sogge, M.K., Sferra, S., and Paxton, E.H., 2008, Tamarix as habitat for birds: Implications for riparian restoration in the Southwestern United States: Restoration Ecology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 146-154, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00357.x.","startPage":"146","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476652,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1230659","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00357.x"},{"id":242351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3cae4b08c986b31fec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sogge, M. K. 0000-0002-8337-5689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":106434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sferra, S.J.","contributorId":81439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sferra","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paxton, E. H.","contributorId":16798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031880,"text":"70031880 - 2008 - Influences of calcium availability and tree species on Ca isotope fractionation in soil and vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031880","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of calcium availability and tree species on Ca isotope fractionation in soil and vegetation","docAbstract":"The calcium (Ca) isotope system is potentially of great use for understanding biogeochemical processes at multiple scales in forest ecosystems, yet remains largely unexplored for this purpose. In order to further our understanding of Ca behavior in forests, we examined two nearly adjacent hardwood-dominated catchments with differing soil Ca concentrations, developed from crystalline bedrock, to determine the variability of 44Ca/ 40Ca ratios (expressed as ??44Ca) within soil and vegetation pools. For both sugar maple and American beech, the Ca isotope compositions of the measured roots and calculated bulk trees were considerably lighter than those of soil pools at these sites, suggesting that the trees were able to preferentially take up light Ca at the root-soil interface. The Ca isotope compositions of three of four root samples were among the lightest values yet reported for terrestrial materials (??44Ca ???-3.95???). Our results further indicate that Ca isotopes were fractionated along the transpiration streams of both tree species with roots having the least ??44Ca values and leaf litter the greatest. An approximately 2??? difference in ??44Ca values between roots and leaf litter of both tree species suggests a persistent fractionation mechanism along the transpiration stream, likely related to Ca binding in wood tissue coupled with internal ion exchange. Finally, our data indicate that differing tree species demand for Ca and soil Ca concentrations together may influence Ca isotope distribution within the trees. Inter-catchment differences in Ca isotope distributions in soils and trees were minor, indicating that the results of our study may have broad transferability to studies of forest ecosystems in catchments developed on crystalline substrates elsewhere. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-008-9188-5","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Page, B., Bullen, T., and Mitchell, M., 2008, Influences of calcium availability and tree species on Ca isotope fractionation in soil and vegetation: Biogeochemistry, v. 88, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9188-5.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9188-5"},{"id":242419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b9de4b0c8380cd626d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, B.D.","contributorId":8970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031882,"text":"70031882 - 2008 - Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:22:04","indexId":"70031882","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1660,"text":"Fisheries Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium","docAbstract":"Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non-spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non-spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre-spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub-areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x","issn":"10546006","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Litzow, M.A., Abookire, A.A., Romano, M.D., and Robards, M.D., 2008, Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium: Fisheries Oceanography, v. 17, no. 2, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a3e4b0c8380cd5013e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031883,"text":"70031883 - 2008 - Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031883","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes","docAbstract":"We compared gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological analysis of ovaries for identifying reproductive periods of fishes to determine the validity of using GSI in future studies. Four small-bodied riverine species were examined in our comparison of the two methods. Mean GSI was significantly different between all histological stages for suckermouth minnow and red shiner. Mean GSI was significantly different between most stages for slenderhead darter; whereas stages 3 and 6 were not significantly different, the time period when these stages are present would allow fisheries biologists to distinguish between the two stages. Mean GSI was not significantly different for many histological stages in stonecat. Difficulties in distinguishing between histological stages and GSI associated with stonecat illustrate potential problems obtaining appropriate sample sizes from species that move to alternative habitats to spawn. We suggest that GSI would be a useful tool in identifying mature ovaries in many small-bodied, multiple-spawning fishes. This information could be combined with data from histology during mature periods to pinpoint specific spawning events. ?? 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S., Rabeni, C., and Papoulias, D., 2008, Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 17, no. 1, p. 54-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x.","startPage":"54","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x"},{"id":242453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f834e4b0c8380cd4cf39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033250,"text":"70033250 - 2008 - Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033250","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Recently discovered Lethe tephra has been proposed as a latest Pleistocene marker bed in Bristol Bay lowland NE to the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, on the basis of correlations involving a single \"Lethe average\" glass composition. Type deposits in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, however, are chemically heterogeneous-individual lapilli as well as aggregate ash deposits have glass compositions that range from the average mode to much higher SiO2 and K2O. Moreover, a lake-sediment core from the Cook Inlet region contains one ash deposit similar to \"Lethe average\" and other, closely underlying deposits that resemble a mixture of the average mode and high-Si high-K mode of proximal deposits. Synthesis of previously published radiocarbon ages indicates a major eruption mainly of \"Lethe average\" mode about 13,000 14C yr BP. As many as six deposits in the Cook Inlet region-five chiefly \"Lethe average\" mode-range from about 13,000 to 15-16,000 14C yr BP, and an early Holocene deposit in the Bristol Bay lowland extends the minimum age range of Lethe tephra throughout this region to 8000 14C yr BP. Because of the appearance of \"Lethe average\" composition in multiple deposits spanning thousands of years, we urge caution when using a Lethe-like composition as a basis for inferring a latest Pleistocene age of a tephra deposit in south-central Alaska. Linear variation plots suggest that magma mixing caused the Lethe heterogeneity; multiple magmas were involved as well in other large pyroclastic eruptions such as Katmai (Alaska) and Rotorua (New Zealand). Lethe is an example of a heterogeneous tephra that may be better compared with other tephras by use of plots of individual analytical points rather than by calculating similarity coefficients based on edited data. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Ager, T.A., Reger, R., Pinney, D., and Kaufman, D.S., 2008, Stratigraphic and compositional complexities of the late Quaternary Lethe tephra in South-central Alaska: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 210-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006.","startPage":"210","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.09.006"},{"id":241233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c6e4b08c986b31c130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reger, R.D.","contributorId":67735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reger","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinney, D.S.","contributorId":25769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinney","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033505,"text":"70033505 - 2008 - ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033505","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination","docAbstract":"ALLTEM is a multi-axis electromagnetic induction system designed for unexploded ordnance (UXO) applications. It uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation and provides good late-time signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) especially for ferrous targets. Multi-axis transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) systems such as ALLTEM provide a richer data set from which to invert for the target parameters required to distinguish between clutter and UXO. Inversions of field data over the Army's UXO Calibration Grid and Blind Test Grid at the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Arizona in 2006 produced polarizability moment values for many buried UXO items that were reasonable and generally repeatable for targets of the same type buried at different orientations and depths. In 2007 a test stand was constructed that allows for collection of data with varying spatial data density and accurate automated position control. The behavior of inverted ALLTEM test stand data as a function of spatial data density, sensor SNR, and position error has been investigated. The results indicate that the ALLTEM inversion algorithm is more tolerant of sensor noise and position error than has been reported for single-axis systems. A high confidence level in inversion-derived target parameters is required when a target is declared to be harmless scrap metal that may safely be left in the ground. Unless high confidence can be demonstrated, state regulators will likely require that targets be dug regardless of any \"no-dig\" classifications produced from inversions, in which case remediation costs would not be decreased.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3063947","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Asch, T., Wright, D., Moulton, C., Irons, T., and Nabighian, M., 2008, ALLTEM UXO detection and discrimination, <i>in</i> SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 2892-2896, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063947.","startPage":"2892","endPage":"2896","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063947"},{"id":242082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62be4b0c8380cd471e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asch, T.H.","contributorId":90552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moulton, C.W.","contributorId":81681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irons, T.P.","contributorId":35965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nabighian, M.N.","contributorId":62724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033252,"text":"70033252 - 2008 - Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:12:46","indexId":"70033252","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Determining the processes governing aqueous biogeochemistry in a wetland hydrologically linked to an underlying contaminated aquifer is challenging due to the complex exchange between the systems and their distinct responses to changes in precipitation, recharge, and biological activities. To evaluate temporal and spatial processes in the wetland-aquifer system, water samples were collected using cm-scale multi-chambered passive diffusion samplers (peepers) to span the wetland-aquifer interface over a period of 3 yr. Samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, methane, and a suite of organic acids resulting in a large dataset of over 8000 points, which was evaluated using multivariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was chosen with the purpose of exploring the sources of variation in the dataset to expose related variables and provide insight into the biogeochemical processes that control the water chemistry of the system. Factor scores computed from PCA were mapped by date and depth. Patterns observed suggest that (i) fermentation is the process controlling the greatest variability in the dataset and it peaks in May; (ii) iron and sulfate reduction were the dominant terminal electron-accepting processes in the system and were associated with fermentation but had more complex seasonal variability than fermentation; (iii) methanogenesis was also important and associated with bacterial utilization of minerals as a source of electron acceptors (e.g., barite BaSO<sub>4</sub>); and (iv) seasonal hydrological patterns (wet and dry periods) control the availability of electron acceptors through the reoxidation of reduced iron-sulfur species enhancing iron and sulfate reduction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0169","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Baez-Cazull, S.E., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I., and Voytek, M., 2008, Determination of dominant biogeochemical processes in a contaminated aquifer-wetland system using multivariate statistical analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 1, p. 30-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0169"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa2e4b0c8380cd4f2ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baez-Cazull, S. E.","contributorId":64034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baez-Cazull","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033470,"text":"70033470 - 2008 - The effects of layers in dry snow on its passive microwave emissions using dense media radiative transfer theory based on the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA/DMRT)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033470","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of layers in dry snow on its passive microwave emissions using dense media radiative transfer theory based on the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA/DMRT)","docAbstract":"A model for the microwave emissions of multilayer dry snowpacks, based on dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) theory with the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA), provides more accurate results when compared to emissions determined by a homogeneous snowpack and other scattering models. The DMRT model accounts for adhesive aggregate effects, which leads to dense media Mie scattering by using a sticky particle model. With the multilayer model, we examined both the frequency and polarization dependence of brightness temperatures (Tb's) from representative snowpacks and compared them to results from a single-layer model and found that the multilayer model predicts higher polarization differences, twice as much, and weaker frequency dependence. We also studied the temporal evolution of Tb from multilayer snowpacks. The difference between Tb's at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz can be S K lower than the single-layer model prediction in this paper. By using the snowpack observations from the Cold Land Processes Field Experiment as input for both multi- and single-layer models, it shows that the multilayer Tb's are in better agreement with the data than the single-layer model. With one set of physical parameters, the multilayer QCA/DMRT model matched all four channels of Tb observations simultaneously, whereas the single-layer model could only reproduce vertically polarized Tb's. Also, the polarization difference and frequency dependence were accurately matched by the multilayer model using the same set of physical parameters. Hence, algorithms for the retrieval of snowpack depth or water equivalent should be based on multilayer scattering models to achieve greater accuracy. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2008.922143","issn":"01962","usgsCitation":"Liang, D., Xu, X., Tsang, L., Andreadis, K., and Josberger, E., 2008, The effects of layers in dry snow on its passive microwave emissions using dense media radiative transfer theory based on the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA/DMRT): IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 11, p. 3663-3671, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.922143.","startPage":"3663","endPage":"3671","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.922143"},{"id":242112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab8ae4b08c986b322ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, D.","contributorId":66483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, X.","contributorId":55166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsang, L.","contributorId":43950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andreadis, K.M.","contributorId":8294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreadis","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033343,"text":"70033343 - 2008 - Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033343","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06","docAbstract":"A daily time series of 'clear-sky' surface temperature has been compiled of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) using 1 km resolution moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) maps from 2000 to 2006. We also used mass-concentration data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to study mass change in relationship to surface melt from 2003 to 2006. The mean LST of the GIS increased during the study period by ???0.27??Ca-1. The increase was especially notable in the northern half of the ice sheet during the winter months. Melt-season length and timing were also studied in each of the six major drainage basins. Rapid (<15 days) and sustained mass loss below 2000 m elevation was triggered in 2004 and 2005 as recorded by GRACE when surface melt begins. Initiation of large-scale surface melt was followed rapidly by mass loss. This indicates that surface meltwater is flowing rapidly to the base of the ice sheet, causing acceleration of outlet glaciers, thus highlighting the metastability of parts of the GIS and the vulnerability of the ice sheet to air-temperature increases. If air temperatures continue to rise over Greenland, increased surface melt will play a large role in ice-sheet mass loss.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/002214308784409170","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Hall, D., Williams, R., Luthcke, S., and DiGirolamo, N., 2008, Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000-06: Journal of Glaciology, v. 54, no. 184, p. 81-93, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409170.","startPage":"81","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476698,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213350,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409170"},{"id":240966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6de4b0c8380cd5b17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D.K.","contributorId":84506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luthcke, S.B.","contributorId":33125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiGirolamo, N.E.","contributorId":105110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGirolamo","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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