{"pageNumber":"834","pageRowStart":"20825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70009718,"text":"70009718 - 2008 - Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T10:42:37.005014","indexId":"70009718","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"Recent studies of the Chicago River have determined that gravity currents are responsible for persistent bidirectional flows that have been observed in the river. A gravity current is the flow of one fluid within another caused by a density difference between the fluids. These studies demonstrated how acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) can be used to detect and characterize gravity currents in the field. In order to better understand the formation and evolution of these gravity currents, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has installed ADCPs and other instruments to continuously measure gravity currents in the Chicago River and the North Branch Chicago River. These instruments include stage sensors, thermistor strings, and both upward-looking and horizontal ADCPs. Data loggers and computers installed at gaging stations along the river are used to collect data from these instruments and transmit them to USGS offices. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE/OES/CMTC 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","conferenceDate":"March 17-19, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2008.4480878","isbn":"1424414865; 9781424414864","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., Czuba, J.A., and Johnson, K., 2008, Measuring gravity currents in the Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE working conference on current measurement technology, Charleston, SC, March 17-19, 2008, p. 264-269, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480878.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-004887","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"Chicago River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6763916015625,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6763916015625,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5349e4b0c8380cd6c997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czuba, J. A.","contributorId":98036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K. K.","contributorId":70871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009719,"text":"70009719 - 2008 - Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70009719","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs","docAbstract":"Assessment of temporal trends in national ground-water quality networks are rarely published in scientific journals. This is partly due to the fact that long-term data from these types of networks are uncommon and because many national monitoring networks are not driven by hypotheses that can be easily incorporated into scientific research. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) since 1991 has to date (2006) concentrated on occurrence of contaminants because sufficient data for trend analysis is only just becoming available. This paper introduces the first set of trend assessments from NAWQA and provides an assessment of the success of the program. On a national scale, nitrate concentrations in ground water have generally increased from 1988 to 2004, but trends in pesticide concentrations are less apparent. Regionally, the studies showed high nitrate concentrations and frequent pesticide detections are linked to agricultural use of fertilizers and pesticides. Most of these areas showed increases in nitrate concentration within the last decade, and these increases are associated with oxic-geochemical conditions and well-drained soils. The current NAWQA plan for collecting data to define trends needs to be constantly reevaluated to determine if the approach fulfills the expected outcome. To assist this evaluation, a comparison of NAWQA to other national ground-water quality programs was undertaken. The design and spatial extent of each national program depend on many factors, including current and long-term budgets, purpose of the program, size of the country, and diversity of aquifer types. Comparison of NAWQA to nine other national programs shows a great diversity in program designs, but indicates that different approaches can achieve similar and equally important goals. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0049","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., and Lapham, W., 2008, Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476774,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":219327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dfae4b0c8380cd639db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009716,"text":"70009716 - 2008 - Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T13:34:40","indexId":"70009716","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns","docAbstract":"Two-dimensional river flow patterns have been measured using a pair of RiverSondes in two experiments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta system of central California during April and October 2007. An experiment was conducted at Walnut Grove, California in order to explore the use of dual RiverSondes to measure flow patterns at a location which is important in the study of juvenile fish migration. The data available during the first experiment were limited by low wind, so a second experiment was conducted at Threemile Slough where wind conditions and surface turbulence historically have resulted in abundant data. Both experiments included ADCP near-surface velocity measurements from either manned or unmanned boats. Both experiments showed good comparisons between the RiverSonde and ADCP measurements. The flow conditions at both locations are dominated by tidal effects, with partial flow reversal at Walnut Grove and complete flow reversal at Threemile Slough. Both systems showed complex flow patterns during the flow reversals. Quantitative comparisons between the RiverSondes and an ADCP on a manned boat at Walnut Grove showed mean differences of 4.5 cm/s in the u (eastward) and 7.6 cm/s in the v (northward) components, and RMS differences of 14.7 cm/s in the u component and 21.0 cm/s in the v component. Quantitative comparisons between the RiverSondes and ADCPs on autonomous survey vessels at Threemile Slough showed mean differences of 0.007 cm/s in the u component and 0.5 cm/s in the v component, and RMS differences of 7.9 cm/s in the u component and 13.5 cm/s in the v component after obvious outliers were removed. ?? 2008 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE/OES/CMTC 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology","conferenceDate":"March 17-19, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/CCM.2008.4480877","isbn":"1424414865; 9781424414864","usgsCitation":"Teague, C., Barrick, D., Lilleboe, P., Cheng, R.T., Stumpner, P., and Burau, J.R., 2008, Dual-RiverSonde measurements of two-dimensional river flow patterns, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, Charleston, SC, March 17-19, 2008, p. 258-263, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480877.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204929,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CCM.2008.4480877"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0407e4b0c8380cd5074f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teague, C.C.","contributorId":17758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrick, D.E.","contributorId":86483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lilleboe, P.M.","contributorId":25284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilleboe","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70010003,"text":"70010003 - 2008 - Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70010003","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Pesticide data for ground water sampled across the United States between 1993-1995 and 2001-2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in detection frequency and concentration. The data analysis evaluated samples collected from a total of 362 wells located in 12 local well networks characterizing shallow ground water in agricultural areas and six local well networks characterizing the drinking water resource in areas of variable land use. Each well network was sampled once during 1993-1995 and once during 2001-2003. The networks provide an overview of conditions across a wide range of hydrogeologic settings and in major agricultural areas that vary in dominant crop type and pesticide use. Of about 80 pesticide compounds analyzed, only six compounds were detected in ground water from at least 10 wells during both sampling events. These compounds were the triazine herbicides atrazine, simazine, and prometon; the acetanilide herbicide metolachlor; the urea herbicide tebuthiuron; and an atrazine degradate, deethylatrazine (DEA). Observed concentrations of these compounds generally were <0.12 ??g L-1. At individual wells, changes in concentrations typically were <0.02 ??g L-1. Data analysis incorporated adjustments for changes in laboratory recovery as assessed through laboratory spikes. In wells yielding detectable concentrations of atrazine, DEA, and prometon, concentrations were significantly lower (?? = 0.1) in 2001-2003 than in 1993-1995, whereas detection frequency of these compounds did not change significantly. Trends in atrazine concentrations at shallow wells in agricultural areas were found to be consistent overall with recent atrazine use data. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0054","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., 2008, Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0054.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0054"},{"id":218924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe00e4b0c8380cd4ea6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010039,"text":"70010039 - 2008 - Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-11T10:01:10","indexId":"70010039","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection","docAbstract":"<p>Since July 2003, Landsat-7 ETM+ has been operating without the scan line corrector (SLC), which compensates for the forward motion of the satellite in the imagery acquired. Data collected in SLC-off mode have gaps in a systematic wedge-shaped pattern outside of the central 22 km swath of the imagery; however, the spatial and spectral quality of the remaining portions of the imagery are not diminished. To explore the continued use of Landsat-7 ETM+ SLC-off imagery to characterize change in forested environments, we compare the change detection results generated from a reference image pair (a 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image and a 2003 Landsat-5 TM image) with change detection results generated from the same 1999 Landsat-7 ETM+ image coupled with three different 2003 Landsat-7 SLC-off products: unremediated SLC-off (i.e., with gaps); histogram-based gap-filled; and segment-based gap-filled. The results are compared on both a pixel and polygon basis; on a pixel basis, the unremediated SLC-off product missed 35% of the change identified by the reference data, and the histogram- and segment-based gap-filled products missed 23% and 21% of the change, respectively. When using forest inventory polygons as a context for change (to reduce commission error), the amount of change missed was 31%, 14%, and 12% for the each of the unremediated, histogram-based gap-filled, and segment-based gap-filled products, respectively. Our results indicate that over the time period considered, and given the types and spatial distribution of change events within our study area, the gap-filled products can provide a useful data source for change detection in forested environments. The selection of which product to use is, however, very dependent on the nature of the application and the spatial configuration of change events. ?? 2008 Government of Canada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m08-020","issn":"07038992","usgsCitation":"Wulder, M.A., Ortlepp, S.M., White, J.C., and Maxwell, S., 2008, Evaluation of Landsat-7 SLC-off image products for forest change detection: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.5589/m08-020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c16e4b0c8380cd52a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulder, Michael A.","contributorId":103584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ortlepp, Stephanie M.","contributorId":28740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortlepp","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Joanne C.","contributorId":63362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxwell, Susan","contributorId":30354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70010291,"text":"70010291 - 2008 - Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T14:32:19","indexId":"70010291","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas","docAbstract":"The study area of US Geological Survey Circular 1288, the world outside the US and Canada, was partitioned into 44 countries and country groups. Map figures such as Fig. 2 and graphs similar to Figs. 3 and 4 provide a visual summary of maturity of oil and gas exploration. From 1992 through 2001, exploration data show that in the study area the delineated prospective area expanded at a rate of about 50,000 sq miles/year, while the explored area grew at a rate of 11,000 sq miles/year. The delineated prospective area established by 1970 accounts for less than 40% of total delineated prospective area but contains 75% of the oil discovered to date in the study area. From 1991 through 2000, offshore discoveries accounted for 59% of the oil and 77% of the gas discovered in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Freeman, P., 2008, Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 106, no. 11, HTML Document .","productDescription":"HTML Document ","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351770,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-106/issue-11/exploration-development/exploration-maturity-key-to-ranking-search-areas.html"},{"id":219138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e15e4b0c8380cd532c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":358534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000000,"text":"70000000 - 2008 - Visualizing the ground motions of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:12:30","indexId":"70000000","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visualizing the ground motions of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake","docAbstract":"With advances in computational capabilities and refinement of seismic wave-propagation models in the past decade large three-dimensional simulations of earthquake ground motion have become possible. The resulting datasets from these simulations are multivariate, temporal and multi-terabyte in size. Past visual representations of results from seismic studies have been largely confined to static two-dimensional maps. New visual representations provide scientists with alternate ways of viewing and interacting with these results potentially leading to new and significant insight into the physical phenomena. Visualizations can also be used for pedagogic and general dissemination purposes. We present a workflow for visual representation of the data from a ground motion simulation of the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake. We have employed state of the art animation tools for visualization of the ground motions with a high degree of accuracy and visual realism. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.01.012","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Chourasia, A., Cutchin, S., and Aagaard, B.T., 2008, Visualizing the ground motions of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 12, p. 0-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.01.012.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":199525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.01.012"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chourasia, A.","contributorId":90425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chourasia","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cutchin, S.","contributorId":50255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutchin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009734,"text":"70009734 - 2008 - Evaluation of a method for determining concentrations of isoeugenol, an AQUI-S residue, in fillet tissue from freshwater fish species.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:59:57","indexId":"70009734","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a method for determining concentrations of isoeugenol, an AQUI-S residue, in fillet tissue from freshwater fish species.","docAbstract":"AQUI-S is a fish anesthetic/sedative that is approved for use in a number of countries throughout the world and has the potential for use in the United States. The active ingredient in AQUI-S is isoeugenol. A method for determining isoeugenol concentrations in edible fillet tissue is needed for regulatory purposes, including surveillance and potential use in studies fulfilling human food safety data requirements if U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval is pursued. A method was developed and evaluated for determining isoeugenol concentrations in fillet tissue using relatively common procedures and equipment. The method produced accurate and precise results with fillet tissue from 10 freshwater fish species. The percentage of isoeugenol recovered from samples fortified with isoeugenol at nominal concentrations of 1, 50, and 100 microg/g for all species was always >80 and <97%. Within-day precision for samples fortified at those same concentrations was < or =10%, and day-to-day precision was < or =4.0%. Method precision with fillet tissue containing biologically incurred isoeugenol was < or =8.1%. There were no or minimal chromatographic interferences in control fillet tissue extracts from 9 of the 10 species. The method detection limits for all but one species ranged from 0.004 to 0.014 microg/g, and the quantitation limits ranged from 0.012 to 0.048 microg/g.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of AOAC International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta Connect","issn":"10603271","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J., Schreier, T.M., and Bernardy, J., 2008, Evaluation of a method for determining concentrations of isoeugenol, an AQUI-S residue, in fillet tissue from freshwater fish species.: Journal of AOAC International, v. 91, no. 4, p. 884-891.","startPage":"884","endPage":"891","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c31e4b0c8380cd52a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardy, J.A.","contributorId":28567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035381,"text":"70035381 - 2008 - Data management and digital delivery of analog data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T16:42:51.84053","indexId":"70035381","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data management and digital delivery of analog data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) data archive at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center is a comprehensive and impartial record of the Earth's changing land surface. USGS/EROS has been archiving and preserving land remote sensing data for over 35 years. This remote sensing archive continues to grow as aircraft and satellites acquire more imagery. As a world leader in preserving data, USGS/EROS has a reputation as a technological innovator in solving challenges and ensuring that access to these collections is available. Other agencies also call on the USGS to consider their collections for long-term archive support. To improve access to the USGS film archive, each frame on every roll of film is being digitized by automated high performance digital camera systems. The system robotically captures a digital image from each film frame for the creation of browse and medium resolution image files. Single frame metadata records are also created to improve access that otherwise involves interpreting flight indexes. USGS/EROS is responsible for over 8.6 million frames of aerial photographs and 27.7 million satellite images.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Astronautical Federation - 59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008","conferenceDate":"Sep 29-Oct 3, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Glasgow, Scotland","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.A., Longhenry, R., and Smith, T., 2008, Data management and digital delivery of analog data, <i>in</i> International Astronautical Federation - 59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008, v. 5, Glasgow, Scotland, Sep 29-Oct 3, 2008, p. 2711-2717.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2711","endPage":"2717","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd89e4b0c8380cd4e886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. A.","contributorId":100007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longhenry, Ryan 0000-0002-9995-3690","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-3690","contributorId":61256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longhenry","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, T.","contributorId":28032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033105,"text":"70033105 - 2008 - Multiple plagioclase crystal populations identified by crystal size distribution and in situ chemical data: Implications for timescales of magma chamber processes associated with the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T16:49:30","indexId":"70033105","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple plagioclase crystal populations identified by crystal size distribution and in situ chemical data: Implications for timescales of magma chamber processes associated with the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, CA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Products of the 1915 Lassen Peak eruption reveal evidence for a magma recharge–magma mixing event that may have catalyzed the eruption and from which four compositional members were identified: light dacite, black dacite, andesitic inclusion, and dark andesite. Crystal size distribution, textural, and in situ chemical (major and trace element and Sr isotope) data for plagioclase from these compositional products define three crystal populations that have distinct origins: phenocrysts (long axis &gt; 0·5 mm) that typically have core An contents between 34 and 36 mol %, microphenocrysts (long axis between 0·1 and 0·5 mm) that have core An contents of 66–69, and microlites (long axis &lt; 0·1 mm) with variable An core contents from 64 to 52. Phenocrysts are interpreted to form in an isolated dacitic magma chamber that experienced slow cooling. Based on textural, compositional, and isotopic data for the magma represented by the dacitic component, magma recharge was not an important process until just prior to the 1915 eruption. Average residence times for phenocrysts are in the range of centuries to millennia. Microphenocrysts formed in a hybrid layer that resulted from mixing between end-member reservoir dacite and recharge magma of basaltic andesite composition. High thermal contrast between the two end-member magmas led to relatively high degrees of undercooling, which resulted in faster crystal growth rates and acicular and swallowtail crystal habits. Some plagioclase phenocrysts from the dacitic chamber were incorporated into the hybrid layer and underwent dissolution–precipitation, seen in both crystal textures and rim compositions. Average microphenocryst residence times are of the order of months. Microlites may have formed in response to decompression and/or syn-eruptive degassing as magma ascended from the chamber through the volcanic conduit. Chemical distinctions in plagioclase microlite An contents reveal that melt of the dark andesite was more mafic than the melt of the other three compositions. We suggest that mixing of an intruding basaltic andesite and reservoir dacite before magma began ascending in the conduit allowed formation of a compositionally distinct microlite population. Melt in the other three products was more evolved because it had undergone differentiation during the months following initial mixing; as a consequence, melt and microlites among these three products have similar compositions. The results of this study highlight the integrated use of crystal size distribution, textural, and in situ chemical data in identifying distinct crystal populations and linking these populations to the thermal and chemical characteristics of complex magma bodies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egn045","issn":"00223","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, M., Bohrson, W., Clynne, M., Ramos, F., and Hoskin, P., 2008, Multiple plagioclase crystal populations identified by crystal size distribution and in situ chemical data: Implications for timescales of magma chamber processes associated with the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, CA: Journal of Petrology, v. 49, no. 10, p. 1755-1780, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn045.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1755","endPage":"1780","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476642,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egn045"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6076e4b0c8380cd71498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, M.J.","contributorId":50362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramos, F.C.","contributorId":81698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoskin, P.","contributorId":42435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoskin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032134,"text":"70032134 - 2008 - Quantifying multi-temporal urban development characteristics in Las Vegas from Landsat and ASTER data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:07:25","indexId":"70032134","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying multi-temporal urban development characteristics in Las Vegas from Landsat and ASTER data","docAbstract":"<p>Urban development has expanded rapidly in Las Vegas, Nevada of the United States, over the last fifty years. A major environmental change associated with this urbanization trend is the transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly anthropogenic impervious surface. This research utilizes remote sensing data from both the Landsat and Terra-Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instruments in conjunction with digital orthophotography to estimate urban extent and its temporal changes by determining sub-pixel impervious surfaces. Percent impervious surface area has shown encouraging agreement with urban land extent and development density. Results indicate that total urban land-use increases approximately 110 percent from 1984 to 2002. Most of the increases are associated with medium-to high-density urban development. Places having significant increases in impervious surfaces are in the northwestern and southeastern parts of Las Vegas. Most high-density urban development, however, appears in central Las Vegas. Impervious surface conditions for 2002 measured from Landsat and ASTER satellite data are compared in terms of their accuracy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.74.4.473","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., Crane, M., and McMahon, C., 2008, Quantifying multi-temporal urban development characteristics in Las Vegas from Landsat and ASTER data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 74, no. 4, p. 473-481, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.74.4.473.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"481","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.74.4.473","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d3e4b0c8380cd804a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, G. 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":65656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crane, M.","contributorId":86957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, C.","contributorId":59308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032135,"text":"70032135 - 2008 - Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T12:58:12","indexId":"70032135","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize","docAbstract":"Strontium (Sr)-isotope values on bone from deer mice pairs from 12 field sites in the Chaco Canyon area, New Mexico, were compared with isotope values of synthetic soil waters from the same fields. The data indicate that mice obtain Sr from near-surface sources and that soil samples collected at depths ranging from 25 to 95 cm contain Sr that is more accessible to the deep roots of maize; thus, synthetic soil solutions provide better data for the sourcing of archaeological maize. However, the Sr-isotope composition of mice may be more valuable in sourcing archaeological remains of animals such as rabbit, turkey, and deer. In a separate study, five Native American maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) accessions grown out at New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center, Farmington, New Mexico were used to determine if soil-water metal pairs partition systematically into cobs and kernels. The sampled maize included landraces from three Native American groups (Acoma, Hopi, Zuni) that still occupy the Four Corners area. Two cobs each were picked from 10 plants of each landrace. Partitioning of the Ba/Mn, Ba/Sr, Ca/Sr, and K/Rb metal pairs from the soil water to the cob appears to behave in a systematic fashion. In addition, 51 rare earth element (REE) pairs also appear to systematically partition from the soil water into cobs; however, the ratios of the REE dissolved in the soil waters are relatively invariant; therefore, the distribution coefficients that describe the partitioning of REE from the soil water to the cob may not apply to archeological cobs grown under chemically heterogeneous conditions. Partitioning of Ba/Rb, Ba/Sr, Mg/P, and Mn/P metal pairs from the soil water to kernels also behaves in a systematic fashion. Given that modern Native American landraces were grown under optimal environmental conditions that may not have been duplicated by prehistoric Native Americans, the distribution coefficients obtained in this study should be used with caution. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.018","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Taylor, H.E., Peterson, K., Shattuck, B., Ramotnik, C., and Stein, J., 2008, Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 35, no. 4, p. 912-921, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.018.","startPage":"912","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.018"},{"id":242698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0022e4b0c8380cd4f5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, K.A.","contributorId":65344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shattuck, B.D.","contributorId":20226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shattuck","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramotnik, C.A.","contributorId":23896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramotnik","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stein, J.R.","contributorId":60029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032141,"text":"70032141 - 2008 - Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032141","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry","docAbstract":"An independent assessment of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument geometry was undertaken by the U.S. ASTER Team, to confirm the geometric correction parameters developed and applied to Level 1A (radiometrically and geometrically raw with correction parameters appended) ASTER data. The goal was to evaluate the geometric quality of the ASTER system and the stability of the Terra spacecraft. ASTER is a 15-band system containing optical instruments with resolutions from 15- to 90-meters; all geometrically registered products are ultimately tied to the 15-meter Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) sub-system. Our evaluation process first involved establishing a large database of Ground Control Points (GCP) in the mid-western United States; an area with features of an appropriate size for spacecraft instrument resolutions. We used standard U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Orthophoto Quads (DOQS) of areas in the mid-west to locate accurate GCPs by systematically identifying road intersections and recording their coordinates. Elevations for these points were derived from USGS Digital Elevation Models (DEMS). Road intersections in a swath of nine contiguous ASTER scenes were then matched to the GCPs, including terrain correction. We found no significant distortion in the images; after a simple image offset to absolute position, the RMS residual of about 200 points per scene was less than one-half a VNIR pixel. Absolute locations were within 80 meters, with a slow drift of about 10 meters over the entire 530-kilometer swath. Using strictly simultaneous observations of scenes 370 kilometers apart, we determined a stereo angle correction of 0.00134 degree with an accuracy of one microradian. The mid-west GCP field and the techniques used here should be widely applicable in assessing other spacecraft instruments having resolutions from 5 to 50-meters. ?? 2008 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Mullins, K.F., and MacKinnon, D.J., 2008, Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 74, no. 3, p. 289-301.","startPage":"289","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc103e4b08c986b32a40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, K. F.","contributorId":104702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKinnon, D. J.","contributorId":79145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKinnon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033410,"text":"70033410 - 2008 - Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:02:40","indexId":"70033410","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","docAbstract":"<p><span>Land cover changes alter the near surface weather and climate. Changes in land surface properties such as albedo, roughness length, stomatal resistance, and leaf area index alter the surface energy balance, leading to differences in near surface temperatures. This study utilized a newly developed land cover data set for the eastern United States to examine the influence of historical land cover change on June temperatures and precipitation. The new data set contains representations of the land cover and associated biophysical parameters for 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992, capturing the clearing of the forest and the expansion of agriculture over the eastern United States from 1650 to the early twentieth century and the subsequent forest regrowth. The data set also includes the inferred distribution of potentially water‐saturated soils at each time slice for use in the sensitivity tests. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, equipped with the Land Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Feedback (LEAF‐2) land surface parameterization, was used to simulate the weather of June 1996 using the 1992, 1920, 1850, and 1650 land cover representations. The results suggest that changes in surface roughness and stomatal resistance have caused present‐day maximum and minimum temperatures in the eastern United States to warm by about 0.3°C and 0.4°C, respectively, when compared to values in 1650. In contrast, the maximum temperatures have remained about the same, while the minimums have cooled by about 0.1°C when compared to 1920. Little change in precipitation was found.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006546","usgsCitation":"Strack, J.E., Pielke, R.A., Steyaert, L.T., and Knox, R.G., 2008, Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006546.","productDescription":"Article W11401; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d27e4b08c986b31829d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strack, John E.","contributorId":41346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, Roger A. Sr.","contributorId":32762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pielke","given":"Roger","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knox, Robert G.","contributorId":2767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032142,"text":"70032142 - 2008 - Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics (1975–2005) of the tsunami-affected region of Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:03:20","indexId":"70032142","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics (1975–2005) of the tsunami-affected region of Asia","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Aim </strong> We aimed to estimate the present extent of tsunami-affected mangrove forests and determine the rates and causes of deforestation from 1975 to 2005.</p><p><strong>Location </strong> Our study region covers the tsunami-affected coastal areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka in Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods </strong> We interpreted time-series Landsat data using a hybrid supervised and unsupervised classification approach. Landsat data were geometrically corrected to an accuracy of plus-or-minus half a pixel, an accuracy necessary for change analysis. Each image was normalized for solar irradiance by converting digital number values to the top-of-the atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and data bases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. We used a post-classification change detection approach. Results were validated with the help of local experts and/or high-resolution commercial satellite data.</p><p><strong>Results </strong> The region lost 12% of its mangrove forests from 1975 to 2005, to a present extent of <i>c</i>. 1,670,000&nbsp;ha. Rates and causes of deforestation varied both spatially and temporally. Annual deforestation was highest in Burma (<i>c</i>. 1%) and lowest in Sri Lanka (0.1%). In contrast, mangrove forests in India and Bangladesh remained unchanged or gained a small percentage. Net deforestation peaked at 137,000&nbsp;ha during 1990–2000, increasing from 97,000&nbsp;ha during 1975–90, and declining to 14,000&nbsp;ha during 2000–05. The major causes of deforestation were agricultural expansion (81%), aquaculture (12%) and urban development (2%).</p><p><strong>Main conclusions </strong> We assessed and monitored mangrove forests in the tsunami-affected region of Asia using the historical archive of Landsat data. We also measured the rates of change and determined possible causes. The results of our study can be used to better understand the role of mangrove forests in saving lives and property from natural disasters such as the Indian Ocean tsunami, and to identify possible areas for conservation, restoration and rehabilitation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01806.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Giri, S., Zhu, Z., Tieszen, L., Singh, A., Gillette, S., and Kelmelis, J., 2008, Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics (1975–2005) of the tsunami-affected region of Asia: Journal of Biogeography, v. 35, no. 3, p. 519-528, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01806.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476783,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01806.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01806.x"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cc6e4b0c8380cd69e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":102621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, A.","contributorId":61211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gillette, S.","contributorId":107518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelmelis, J.A.","contributorId":14171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelmelis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032147,"text":"70032147 - 2008 - Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T14:27:50","indexId":"70032147","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"The restoration of salmonids in the Elwha River following dam removal will cause interactions between anadromous and potamodromous forms as recolonization occurs in upstream and downstream directions. Anadromous salmonids are expected to recolonize historic habitats, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) isolated above the dams for 90 years are expected to reestablish anadromy. We summarized the distribution and abundance of potamodromous salmonids, determined locations of spawning areas, and mapped natural barriers to fish migration at the watershed scale based on data collected from 1993 to 2006. Rainbow trout were far more abundant than bull trout throughout the watershed and both species were distributed up to river km 71. Spawning locations for bull trout and rainbow trout occurred in areas where we anticipate returning anadromous fish to spawn. Nonnative brook trout were confined to areas between and below the dams, and seasonal velocity barriers are expected to prevent their upstream movements. We hypothesize that the extent of interaction between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids will vary spatially due to natural barriers that will limit upstream-directed recolonization for some species of salmonids. Consequently, most competitive interactions will occur in the main stem and floodplain downstream of river km 25 and in larger tributaries. Understanding future responses of Pacific salmonids after dam removal in the Elwha River depends upon an understanding of existing conditions of the salmonid community upstream of the dams prior to dam removal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Brenkman, S., Pess, G., Torgersen, C., Kloehn, K., Duda, J., and Corbett, S., 2008, Predicting recolonization patterns and interactions between potamodromous and anadromous salmonids in response to dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. SPEC.ISS., p. 91-106.","startPage":"91","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"SPEC.ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c4e4b0c8380cd7b6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenkman, S.J.","contributorId":106318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenkman","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pess, G.R.","contributorId":33037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pess","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torgersen, C.E.","contributorId":34459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kloehn, K.K.","contributorId":84995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloehn","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corbett, S.C.","contributorId":79318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032148,"text":"70032148 - 2008 - Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-30T12:55:07.439585","indexId":"70032148","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington","docAbstract":"The Elwha dam removal project presents an ideal opportunity to study how historic reduction and subsequent restoration of sediment supply alter river-floodplain dynamics in a large, forested river floodplain. We used remote sensing and onsite data collection to establish a historical record of floodplain dynamics and a baseline of current conditions. Analysis was based on four river reaches, three from the Elwha River and the fourth from the East Fork of the Quinault River. We found that the percentage of floodplain surfaces between 25 and 75 years old decreased and the percentage of surfaces >75 years increased in reaches below the Elwha dams. We also found that particle size decreased as downstream distance from dams increased. This trend was evident in both mainstem and side channels. Previous studies have found that removal of the two Elwha dams will initially release fine sediment stored in the reservoirs, then in subsequent decades gravel bed load supply will increase and gradually return to natural levels, aggrading river beds up to 1 m in some areas. We predict the release of fine sediments will initially create bi-modal grain size distributions in reaches downstream of the dams, and eventual recovery of natural sediment supply will significantly increase lateral channel migration and erosion of floodplain surfaces, gradually shifting floodplain age distributions towards younger age classes.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.224","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Kloehn, K., Beechie, T., Morley, S., Coe, H., and Duda, J., 2008, Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. Sp. 1, p. 224-235, https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.224.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344x-82.s.i.224","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.5738754272461,\n              48.12072590863865\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.52787017822266,\n              48.12072590863865\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.52787017822266,\n              48.150053808916105\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5738754272461,\n              48.150053808916105\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5738754272461,\n              48.12072590863865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"Sp. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b1fe4b0c8380cd62254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kloehn, K.K.","contributorId":84995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloehn","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beechie, T.J.","contributorId":89724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beechie","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morley, S.A.","contributorId":49619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morley","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, H.J.","contributorId":59644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033412,"text":"70033412 - 2008 - Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:22:26","indexId":"70033412","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands","docAbstract":"The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to provide an accurate radiometric calibration of the reflective bands to the user community. Previous calibration has been based on information obtained from prelaunch, the onboard calibrator, vicarious calibration attempts, and cross-calibration with Landsat-7. Currently, additional data sources are available to improve this calibration. Specifically, improvements in vicarious calibration methods and development of the use of pseudoinvariant sites for trending provide two additional independent calibration sources. The use of these additional estimates has resulted in a consistent calibration approach that ties together all of the available calibration data sources. Results from this analysis indicate a simple exponential, or a constant model may be used for all bands throughout the lifetime of Landsat-5 TM. Where previously time constants for the exponential models were approximately one year, the updated model has significantly longer time constants in bands 1-3. In contrast, bands 4, 5, and 7 are shown to be best modeled by a constant. The models proposed in this paper indicate calibration knowledge of 5% or better early in life, decreasing to nearly 2% later in life. These models have been implemented at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) and are the default calibration used for all Landsat TM data now distributed through EROS. ?? 2008 IEEE.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2008.920966","issn":"01962","usgsCitation":"Helder, D., Markham, B.L., Thome, K.J., Barsi, J., Chander, G., and Malla, R., 2008, Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands, v. 46, no. 10, p. 3309-3325, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.920966.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3309","endPage":"3325","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.920966"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd1be4b08c986b328ecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thome, K. J.","contributorId":88099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thome","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malla, R.","contributorId":9866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malla","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033413,"text":"70033413 - 2008 - A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033413","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity","docAbstract":"Debris flow velocities are commonly back-calculated from superelevation events which require subjective estimates of radii of curvature of bends in the debris flow channel or predicted using flow equations that require the selection of appropriate rheological models and material property inputs. This research investigated difficulties associated with the use of these conventional velocity estimation methods. Radii of curvature estimates were found to vary with the extent of the channel investigated and with the scale of the media used, and back-calculated velocities varied among different investigated locations along a channel. Distinct populations of Bingham properties were found to exist between those measured by laboratory tests and those back-calculated from field data; thus, laboratory-obtained values would not be representative of field-scale debris flow behavior. To avoid these difficulties with conventional methods, a new preliminary velocity estimation method is presented that statistically relates flow velocity to the channel slope and the flow depth. This method presents ranges of reasonable velocity predictions based on 30 previously measured velocities. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0","issn":"16125","usgsCitation":"Prochaska, A., Santi, P., Higgins, J., and Cannon, S., 2008, A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity: Landslides, v. 5, no. 4, p. 431-444, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0.","startPage":"431","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0"},{"id":240865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5bfe4b0c8380cd46f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prochaska, A.B.","contributorId":80493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prochaska","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santi, P.M.","contributorId":82927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santi","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, J.D.","contributorId":37154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033415,"text":"70033415 - 2008 - Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033415","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","docAbstract":"Plants and animals affect morphological evolution in many environments. The term \"ecogeomorphology\" describes studies that address such effects. In this opinion article we use the term \"biomorphodynamics\" to characterize a subset of ecogeomorphologic studies: those that investigate not only the effects of organisms on physical processes and morphology but also how the biological processes depend on morphology and physical forcing. The two-way coupling precipitates feedbacks, leading to interesting modes of behavior, much like the coupling between flow/sediment transport and morphology leads to rich morphodynamic behaviors. Select examples illustrate how even the basic aspects of some systems cannot be understood without considering biomorphodynamic coupling. Prominent examples include the dynamic interactions between vegetation and flow/sediment transport that can determine river channel patterns and the multifaceted biomorphodynamic feedbacks shaping tidal marshes and channel networks. These examples suggest that the effects of morphology and physical processes on biology tend to operate over the timescale of the evolution of the morphological pattern. Thus, in field studies, which represent a snapshot in the pattern evolution, these effects are often not as obvious as the effects of biology on physical processes. However, numerical modeling indicates that the influences on biology from physical processes can play a key role in shaping landscapes and that even local and temporary vegetation disturbances can steer large-scale, long-term landscape evolution. The prevalence of biomorphodynamic research is burgeoning in recent years, driven by societal need and a confluence of complex systems-inspired modeling approaches in ecology and geomorphology. To make fundamental progress in understanding the dynamics of many landscapes, our community needs to increasingly learn to look for two-way, biomorphodynamic feedbacks and to collect new types of data to support the modeling of such emergent interactions. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006410","issn":"00431","usgsCitation":"Murray, A., Knaapen, M., Tal, M., and Kirwan, M.L., 2008, Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487782,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410"},{"id":240867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f192e4b0c8380cd4acef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, A.B.","contributorId":12598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knaapen, M.A.F.","contributorId":95692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaapen","given":"M.A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tal, M.","contributorId":19374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirwan, M. L.","contributorId":74094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031908,"text":"70031908 - 2008 - Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031908","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama","docAbstract":"Soils play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles as spatially distributed sources and sinks of nutrients. Any spatial patterns depend on soil forming processes, our understanding of which is still limited, especially in regards to tropical rainforests. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of landscape properties, with an emphasis on the geometry of the land surface, on the spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical properties, and to test the suitability of soil-landscape modeling as an appropriate technique to predict the spatial variability of exchangeable K and Mg in a humid tropical forest in Panama. We used a design-based, stratified sampling scheme to collect soil samples at 108 sites on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Stratifying variables are lithology, vegetation and topography. Topographic variables were generated from high-resolution digital elevation models with a grid size of 5 m. We took samples from five depths down to 1 m, and analyzed for total and exchangeable K and Mg. We used simple explorative data analysis techniques to elucidate the importance of lithology for soil total and exchangeable K and Mg. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were adopted to investigate importance of topography, lithology and vegetation for the spatial distribution of exchangeable K and Mg and with the intention to develop models that regionalize the point observations using digital terrain data as explanatory variables. Our results suggest that topography and vegetation do not control the spatial distribution of the selected soil chemical properties at a landscape scale and lithology is important to some degree. Exchangeable K is distributed equally across the study area indicating that other than landscape processes, e.g. biogeochemical processes, are responsible for its spatial distribution. Lithology contributes to the spatial variation of exchangeable Mg but controlling variables could not be detected. The spatial variation of soil total K and Mg is mainly influenced by lithology. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Barthold, F., Stallard, R., and Elsenbeer, H., 2008, Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 255, no. 3-4, p. 1135-1148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1148","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089"},{"id":242818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"255","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b920fe4b08c986b319c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barthold, F.K.","contributorId":80917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barthold","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elsenbeer, H.","contributorId":72177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsenbeer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031928,"text":"70031928 - 2008 - Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:21:07","indexId":"70031928","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters","docAbstract":"<p>1. Algal-community metrics were calculated for periphyton samples collected from 976 streams and rivers by the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Programme during 1993&ndash;2001 to evaluate national and regional relations with water chemistry and to compare whether algal-metric values differ significantly among undeveloped and developed land-use classifications.</p>\n<p>2. Algal metrics with significant positive correlations with nutrient concentrations included indicators of trophic condition, organic enrichment, salinity, motility and taxa richness. The relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing algae was negatively correlated with nitrogen concentrations, and the abundance of diatom species associated with high dissolved oxygen concentrations was negatively correlated with both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Median algal-metric values and nutrient concentrations were significantly lower at undeveloped sites than those draining agricultural or urban catchments.</p>\n<p>3. Total algal biovolume did not differ significantly among major river catchments or land-use classifications, and was only weakly correlated with nitrate (positive) and suspended-sediment (negative) concentrations. Estimates of periphyton chlorophyll&nbsp;<i>a</i>&nbsp;indicated an oligotrophic&ndash;mesotrophic boundary of about 21&nbsp;mg&nbsp;m<span>&minus;2</span>&nbsp;and a mesotrophic&ndash;eutrophic boundary of about 55&nbsp;mg&nbsp;m<span>&minus;2</span>&nbsp;based on upper and lower quartiles of the biovolume data distribution.</p>\n<p>4. Although algal species tolerance to nutrient and organic enrichment is well documented, additional taxonomic and autecological research on sensitive, endemic algal species would further enhance water-quality assessments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01951.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Porter, S.D., Mueller, D., Spahr, N., Munn, M., and Dubrovsky, N., 2008, Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters: Freshwater Biology, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1036-1054, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01951.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1036","endPage":"1054","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01951.x"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0856e4b0c8380cd51aa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spahr, N.E.","contributorId":79476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033420,"text":"70033420 - 2008 - Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033420","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The oxidation of sulfide-rich rocks, mostly leftover debris from Cu mining in the early 20th century, is contributing to metal contamination of local coastal environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Analyses of sulfide, water, sediment, precipitate and biological samples from the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites show that acidic surface waters generated from sulfide weathering are pathways for redistribution of environmentally important elements into and beyond the intertidal zone at each site. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits composed of pyrrhotite and (or) pyrite + chalcopyrite + sphalerite with subordinate galena, arsenopyrite, and cobaltite represent potent sources of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg. The resistance to oxidation among the major sulfides increases in the order pyrrhotite ??? sphalerite < chalcopyrite ??? pyrite; thus, pyrrhotite-rich rocks are typically more oxidized than those dominated by pyrite. The pervasive alteration of pyrrhotite begins with rim replacement by marcasite followed by replacement of the core by sulfur, Fe sulfate, and Fe-Al sulfate. The oxidation of chalcopyrite and pyrite involves an encroachment by colloform Fe oxyhydroxides at grain margins and along crosscutting cracks that gradually consumes the entire grain. The complete oxidation of sulfide-rich samples results in a porous aggregate of goethite, lepidocrocite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxide enclosing hydrothermal and sedimentary silicates. An inverse correlation between pH and metal concentrations is evident in water data from all three sites. Among all waters sampled, pore waters from Ellamar beach gravels have the lowest pH (???3) and highest concentrations of base metals (to ???25,000 ??g/L), which result from oxidation of abundant sulfide-rich debris in the sediment. High levels of dissolved Hg (to 4100 ng/L) in the pore waters probably result from oxidation of sphalerite-rich rocks. The low-pH and high concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, and SO4 are conducive to precipitation of interstitial jarosite in the intertidal gravels. Although pore waters from the intertidal zone at the Threeman mine site have circumneutral pH values, small amounts of dissolved Fe2+ in the pore waters are oxidized during mixing with seawater, resulting in precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxide flocs along the beach-seawater interface. At the Beatson site, surface waters funneled through the underground mine workings and discharged across the waste dumps have near-neutral pH (6.7-7.3) and a relatively small base-metal load; however, these streams probably play a role in the physical transport of metalliferous particulates into intertidal and offshore areas during storm events. Somewhat more acidic fluids, to pH 5.3, occur in stagnant seeps and small streams emerging from the Beatson waste dumps. Amorphous Fe precipitates in stagnant waters at Beatson have high Cu (5.2 wt%) and Zn (2.3 wt%) concentrations that probably reflect adsorption onto the extremely high surface area of colloidal particles. Conversely, crystalline precipitates composed of ferrihydrite and schwertmannite that formed in the active flow of small streams have lower metal contents, which are attributed to their smaller surface area and, therefore, fewer reactive sorption sites. Seeps containing precipitates with high metal contents may contribute contaminants to the marine environment during storm-induced periods of high runoff. Preliminary chemical data for mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman indicate that bioaccumulation of base metals is occurring in the marine environment at all three sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Koski, R., Munk, L., Foster, A., Shanks, W.C., and Stillings, L., 2008, Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 227-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007.","startPage":"227","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007"},{"id":240799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc7e4b08c986b31da98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033002,"text":"70033002 - 2008 - 4D volcano gravimetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T11:13:45","indexId":"70033002","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"4D volcano gravimetry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time-dependent gravimetric measurements can detect subsurface processes long before magma flow leads to earthquakes or other eruption precursors. The ability of gravity measurements to detect subsurface mass flow is greatly enhanced if gravity measurements are analyzed and modeled with ground-deformation data. Obtaining the maximum information from microgravity studies requires careful evaluation of the layout of network benchmarks, the gravity environmental signal, and the coupling between gravity changes and crustal deformation. When changes in the system under study are fast (hours to weeks), as in hydrothermal systems and restless volcanoes, continuous gravity observations at selected sites can help to capture many details of the dynamics of the intrusive sources. Despite the instrumental effects, mainly caused by atmospheric temperature, results from monitoring at Mt. Etna volcano show that continuous measurements are a powerful tool for monitoring and studying volcanoes. Several analytical and numerical mathematical models can be used to fit gravity and deformation data. Analytical models offer a closed-form description of the volcanic source. In principle, this allows one to readily infer the relative importance of the source parameters. In active volcanic sites such as Long Valley caldera (California, U.S.A.) and Campi Flegrei (Italy), careful use of analytical models and high-quality data sets has produced good results. However, the simplifications that make analytical models tractable might result in misleading volcanological interpretations, particularly when the real crust surrounding the source is far from the homogeneous/isotropic assumption. Using numerical models allows consideration of more realistic descriptions of the sources and of the crust where they are located (e.g., vertical and lateral mechanical discontinuities, complex source geometries, and topography). Applications at Teide volcano (Tenerife) and Campi Flegrei demonstrate the importance of this more realistic description in gravity calculations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2977792","issn":"00168","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., Gottsmann, J., Carbone, D., and Fernandez, J., 2008, 4D volcano gravimetry: Geophysics, v. 73, no. 6, p. WA3-WA18, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"WA3","endPage":"WA18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476650,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/24116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e26ae4b0c8380cd45b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottsmann, J.","contributorId":42043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottsmann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbone, D.","contributorId":92060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, J.","contributorId":46229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033421,"text":"70033421 - 2008 - Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:26:57","indexId":"70033421","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previous observations have noted the change in albedo in a number of North Pole bright outliers and in the distribution of bright ice deposits between Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data sets. Changes over the summer season as well as between regions at the same season (</span><i>L</i><sub>s</sub><span>) in different years have been observed. We used the bolometric albedo and brightness temperature channels of the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the MGS spacecraft to monitor north polar residual ice cap variations between Mars years and within the summer season for three northern Martian summers between July 1999 and April 2003. Large-scale brightness variations are observed in four general areas: (1) the patchy outlying frost deposits from 90 to 270°E, 75 to 80°N; (2) the large “tail” below the Chasma Boreale and its associated plateau from 315 to 45°E, 80 to 85°N, that we call the “Boreale Tongue” and in Hyperboreae Undae; (3) the troughed terrain in the region from 0 to 120°E longitude (the lower right on a polar stereographic projection) we have called “Shackleton's Grooves” and (4) the unit mapped as residual ice in Olympia Planitia. We also note two areas which seem to persist as cool and bright throughout the summer and between Mars years. One is at the “source” of Chasma Boreale (∼15°E, 85°N) dubbed “McMurdo”, and the “Cool and Bright Anomaly (CABA)” noted by Kieffer and Titus 2001. TES Mapping of Mars’ north seasonal cap. Icarus 154, 162–180] at ∼330°E, 87°N called here “Vostok”. Overall defrosting occurs early in the summer as the temperatures rise and then after the peak temperatures are reached (</span><i>L</i><sub>s</sub><span>∼110) higher elevations and outlier bright deposits cold trap and re-accumulate new frost. Persistent bright areas are associated with either higher elevations or higher background albedos suggesting complex feedback mechanisms including cold-trapping of frost due to albedo and elevation effects, as well as influence of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., and Titus, T.N., 2008, Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES): Planetary and Space Science, v. 56, no. 2, p. 212-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f42e4b08c986b31e44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M.","contributorId":93508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}