By using both high-resolution orthoimagery and medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery with other geospatial information, several land surface parameters including impervious surfaces and land surface temperatures for three geographically distinct urban areas in the United States – Seattle, Washington, Tampa Bay, Florida, and Las Vegas, Nevada, are obtained. Percent impervious surface is used to quantitatively define the spatial extent and development density of urban land use. Land surface temperatures were retrieved by using a single band algorithm that processes both thermal infrared satellite data and total atmospheric water vapor content. Land surface temperatures were analyzed for different land use and land cover categories in the three regions. The heterogeneity of urban land surface and associated spatial extents were shown to influence surface thermal conditions because of the removal of vegetative cover, the introduction of non-transpiring surfaces, and the reduction in evaporation over urban impervious surfaces. Fifty years of in situ climate data were integrated to assess regional climatic conditions. The spatial structure of surface heating influenced by landscape characteristics has a profound influence on regional climate conditions, especially through urban heat island effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., 2008, Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions: Advances in Space Research, v. 41, no. 11, p. 1861-1869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1861","endPage":"1869","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86e6e4b08c986b3161bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031981,"text":"70031981 - 2008 - Change in the forested and developed landscape of the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA, 1940-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70031981","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change in the forested and developed landscape of the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA, 1940-2002","docAbstract":"The current ecological state of the Lake Tahoe basin has been shaped by significant landscape-altering human activity and management practices since the mid-1850s; first through widespread timber harvesting from the 1850s to 1920s followed by urban development from the 1950s to the present. Consequences of landscape change, both from development and forest management practices including fire suppression, have prompted rising levels of concern for the ecological integrity of the region. The impacts from these activities include decreased water quality, degraded biotic communities, and increased fire hazard. To establish an understanding of the Lake Tahoe basin's landscape change in the context of forest management and development we mapped, quantified, and described the spatial and temporal distribution and variability of historical changes in land use and land cover in the southern Lake Tahoe basin (279 km2) from 1940 to 2002. Our assessment relied on post-classification change detection of multi-temporal land-use/cover and impervious-surface-area data that were derived through manual interpretation, image processing, and GIS data integration for four dates of imagery: 1940, 1969, 1987, and 2002. The most significant land conversion during the 62-year study period was an increase in developed lands with a corresponding decrease in forests, wetlands, and shrublands. Forest stand densities increased throughout the 62-year study period, and modern thinning efforts resulted in localized stand density decreases in the latter part of the study period. Additionally forests were gained from succession, and towards the end of the study period extensive tree mortality occurred. The highest rates of change occurred between 1940 and 1969, corresponding with dramatic development, then rates declined through 2002 for all observed landscape changes except forest density decrease and tree mortality. Causes of landscape change included regional population growth, tourism demands, timber harvest for local use, fire suppression, bark beetle attack, and fuels reduction activities. Results from this study offer land managers within the Lake Tahoe basin and in similar regions a basis for making better informed land-use and management decisions to potentially minimize detrimental ecological impacts of landscape change. The perspective to be gained is based on quantitative retrospection of the effects of human-driven changes and the impacts of management action or inaction to the forested landscape. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.028","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Raumann, C., and Cablk, M.E., 2008, Change in the forested and developed landscape of the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA, 1940-2002: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 255, no. 8-9, p. 3424-3439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.028.","startPage":"3424","endPage":"3439","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214679,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.028"},{"id":242425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"255","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f401e4b0c8380cd4baa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raumann, C.G.","contributorId":24583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cablk, Mary E.","contributorId":26517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cablk","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031843,"text":"70031843 - 2008 - Comparison of the USGS 2001 NLCD to the 2002 USDA Census of Agriculture for the Upper Midwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:15:14","indexId":"70031843","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the USGS 2001 NLCD to the 2002 USDA Census of Agriculture for the Upper Midwest United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2002 Census of Agriculture. We compared areal estimates for cropland at the state and county level for 14 States in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. Absolute differences between the NLCD and Census cropland areal estimates at the state level ranged from 1.3% (Minnesota) to 37.0% (Wisconsin). The majority of counties (74.5%) had differences of less than 100 km2. 7.2% of the counties had differences of more than 200 km2. Regions where the largest areal differences occurred were in southern Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and generally occurred in areas with the lowest proportions of cropland (i.e., dominated by forest or grassland). Before using the 2001 NLCD for agricultural applications, such as mapping of specific crop types, users should be aware of the potential for misclassification errors, especially where the proportion of cropland to other land cover types is fairly low.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2008.03.012","issn":"01678809","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., Wood, E., and Janus, A., 2008, Comparison of the USGS 2001 NLCD to the 2002 USDA Census of Agriculture for the Upper Midwest United States: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 127, no. 1-2, p. 141-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.03.012.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214640,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.03.012"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f898e4b0c8380cd4d1e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, E.C.","contributorId":64907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janus, A.","contributorId":18991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janus","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033430,"text":"70033430 - 2008 - Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033430","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation","docAbstract":"Acidic mine drainage (AMD) containing elevated concentrations of dissolved iron and other metals can be neutralized to varying degrees by reactions with limestone in passive treatment systems. We evaluated the chemical and mineralogical characteristics and the effectiveness of calcitic and dolomitic limestone for the neutralization of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD from a flooded anthracite mine. The calcitic limestone, with CaCO3 and MgCO3 contents of 99.8 and <0.1 wt%, respectively, and the dolomitic limestone, with CaCO3 and MgCO3 contents of 60.3 and 40.2 wt%, were used to construct a downflow treatment system in 2003 at the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. In the winter of 2002-2003, laboratory neutralization-rate experiments evaluated the evolution of effluent quality during 2 weeks of continuous contact between AMD from the Bell Mine and the crushed calcitic or dolomitic limestone in closed, collapsible containers (cubitainers). The cubitainer tests showed that: (1) net-alkaline effluent could be achieved with detention times greater than 3 h, (2) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates were equivalent for uncoated and Fe(OH)3-coated calcitic limestone, and (3) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates for dolomitic limestone were about half those for calcitic limestone. The dissolution rate data for the cubitainer tests were used with data on the volume of effuent and surface area of limestone in the treatment system at the Bell Mine to evaluate the water-quality data for the first 1.5 years of operation of the treatment system. These rate models supported the interpretation of field results and indicated that treatment benefits were derived mainly from the dissolution of calcitic limestone, despite a greater quantity of dolomitic limestone within the treatment system. The dissolution-rate models were extrapolated on a decadal scale to indicate the expected decreases in the mass of limestone and associated alkalinities resulting from the long-term reaction of AMD with the treatment substrate. The models indicated the calcitic limestone would need to be replenished approaching the 5-year anniversary of treatment operations to maintain net-alkaline effluent quality. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., Ward, S., and Hammarstrom, J.M., 2008, Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 2, p. 86-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y.","startPage":"86","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y"},{"id":241975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b1e4b0c8380cd505f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, S.J.","contributorId":12702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033119,"text":"70033119 - 2008 - Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033119","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter","docAbstract":"In this work the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is applied to investigate the flow and transport processes at the macro-dispersion experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, MS. The EnKF is a sequential data assimilation approach that adjusts the unknown model parameter values based on the observed data with time. The classic advection-dispersion (AD) and the dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) models are employed to analyze the tritium plume during the second MADE tracer experiment. The hydraulic conductivity (K), longitudinal dispersivity in the AD model, and mass transfer rate coefficient and mobile porosity ratio in the DDMT model, are estimated in this investigation. Because of its sequential feature, the EnKF allows for the temporal scaling of transport parameters during the tritium concentration analysis. Inverse simulation results indicate that for the AD model to reproduce the extensive spatial spreading of the tritium observed in the field, the K in the downgradient area needs to be increased significantly. The estimated K in the AD model becomes an order of magnitude higher than the in situ flowmeter measurements over a large portion of media. On the other hand, the DDMT model gives an estimation of K that is much more comparable with the flowmeter values. In addition, the simulated concentrations by the DDMT model show a better agreement with the observed values. The root mean square (RMS) between the observed and simulated tritium plumes is 0.77 for the AD model and 0.45 for the DDMT model at 328 days. Unlike the AD model, which gives inconsistent K estimates at different times, the DDMT model is able to invert the K values that consistently reproduce the observed tritium concentrations through all times. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Chen, Y., and Zhang, D., 2008, Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter: Advances in Water Resources, v. 31, no. 7, p. 975-986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006.","startPage":"975","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.03.006"},{"id":240718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e89e4b0c8380cd63e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033186,"text":"70033186 - 2008 - Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept","docAbstract":"Forecasting streamflow during extreme hydrologic events such as floods can be problematic. This is particularly true when flow is unsteady, and river forecasts rely on models that require uniform-flow rating curves to route water from one forecast point to another. As a result, alternative methods for measuring streamflow are needed to properly route flood waves and account for inertial and pressure forces in natural channels dominated by nonuniform-flow conditions such as mild water surface slopes, backwater, tributary inflows, and reservoir operations. The objective of the demonstration was to use emerging technologies to measure instantaneous streamflow in open channels at two existing US Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Pennsylvania. Surface-water and instream-point velocities were measured using hand-held radar and hydroacoustics. Streamflow was computed using the probability concept, which requires velocity data from a single vertical containing the maximum instream velocity. The percent difference in streamflow at the Susquehanna River at Bloomsburg, PA ranged from 0% to 8% with an average difference of 4% and standard deviation of 8.81 m3/s. The percent difference in streamflow at Chartiers Creek at Carnegie, PA ranged from 0% to 11% with an average difference of 5% and standard deviation of 0.28 m3/s. New generation equipment is being tested and developed to advance the use of radar-derived surface-water velocity and instantaneous streamflow to facilitate the collection and transmission of real-time streamflow that can be used to parameterize hydraulic routing models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Fulton, J., and Ostrowski, J., 2008, Measuring real-time streamflow using emerging technologies: Radar, hydroacoustics, and the probability concept: Journal of Hydrology, v. 357, no. 1-2, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.028.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.028"}],"volume":"357","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a534fe4b0c8380cd6c9bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, J.","contributorId":9872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostrowski, J.","contributorId":10925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrowski","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033187,"text":"70033187 - 2008 - Cliff swallows Petrochelidon pyrrhonota as bioindicators of environmental mercury, Cache Creek Watershed, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T11:00:25","indexId":"70033187","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cliff swallows Petrochelidon pyrrhonota as bioindicators of environmental mercury, Cache Creek Watershed, California","docAbstract":"To evaluate mercury (Hg) and other element exposure in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), eggs were collected from 16 sites within the mining-impacted Cache Creek watershed, Colusa, Lake, and Yolo counties, California, USA, in 1997-1998. Nestlings were collected from seven sites in 1998. Geometric mean total Hg (THg) concentrations ranged from 0.013 to 0.208 ??g/g wet weight (ww) in cliff swallow eggs and from 0.047 to 0.347 ??g/g ww in nestlings. Mercury detected in eggs generally followed the spatial distribution of Hg in the watershed based on proximity to both anthropogenic and natural sources. Mean Hg concentrations in samples of eggs and nestlings collected from sites near Hg sources were up to five and seven times higher, respectively, than in samples from reference sites within the watershed. Concentrations of other detected elements, including aluminum, beryllium, boron, calcium, manganese, strontium, and vanadium, were more frequently elevated at sites near Hg sources. Overall, Hg concentrations in eggs from Cache Creek were lower than those reported in eggs of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) from highly contaminated locations in North America. Total Hg concentrations were lower in all Cache Creek egg samples than adverse effects levels established for other species. Total Hg concentrations in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) collected from 10 of the study sites were both positively correlated with THg concentrations in cliff swallow eggs. Our data suggest that cliff swallows are reliable bioindicators of environmental Hg. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-007-9082-5","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Trejo, B.S., Bauer, M.L., and Crayon, J.J., 2008, Cliff swallows Petrochelidon pyrrhonota as bioindicators of environmental mercury, Cache Creek Watershed, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 55, no. 1, p. 111-121, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9082-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9082-5"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f645e4b0c8380cd4c656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trejo, Bonnie S.","contributorId":175515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trejo","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, Marissa L.","contributorId":30359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Marissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crayon, John J.","contributorId":174935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crayon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032158,"text":"70032158 - 2008 - The release of dissolved actinium to the ocean: A global comparison of different end-members","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032158","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The release of dissolved actinium to the ocean: A global comparison of different end-members","docAbstract":"The measurement of short-lived 223Ra often involves a second measurement for supported activities, which represents 227Ac in the sample. Here we exploit this fact, presenting a set of 284 values on the oceanic distribution of 227Ac, which was collected when analyzing water samples for short-lived radium isotopes by the radium delayed coincidence counting system. The present work compiles 227Ac data from coastal regions all over the northern hemisphere, including values from ground water, from estuaries and lagoons, and from marine end-members. Deep-sea samples from a continental slope off Puerto Rico and from an active vent site near Hawaii complete the overview of 227Ac near its potential sources. The average 227Ac activities of nearshore marine end-members range from 0.4??dpm m- 3 at the Gulf of Mexico to 3.0??dpm m- 3 in the coastal waters of the Korean Strait. In analogy to 228Ra, we find the extension of adjacent shelf regions to play a substantial role for 227Ac activities, although less pronounced than for radium, due to its weaker shelf source. Based on previously published values, we calculate an open ocean 227Ac inventory of 1.35 * 1018??dpm 227Acex in the ocean, which corresponds to 37??moles, or 8.4??kg. This implies a flux of 127??dpm m-2 y- 1 from the deep-sea floor. For the shelf regions, we obtain a global inventory of 227Ac of 4.5 * 1015??dpm, which cannot be converted directly into a flux value, as the regional loss term of 227Ac to the open ocean would have to be included. Ac has so far been considered to behave similarly to Ra in the marine environment, with the exception of a strong Ac source in the deep-sea due to 231Paex. Here, we present evidence of geochemical differences between Ac, which is retained in a warm vent system, and Ra, which is readily released [Moore, W.S., Ussler, W. and Paull, C.K., 2008-this issue. Short-lived radium isotopes in the Hawaiian margin: Evidence for large fluid fluxes through the Puna Ridge. Marine Chemistry]. Another potential mechanism of producing deviations in 227Ac/228Ra and daughter isotope ratios from the expected production value of lithogenic material is observed at reducing environments, where enrichment in uranium may occur. The presented data here may serve as a reference for including 227Ac in circulation models, and the overview provides values for some end-members that contribute to the global Ac distribution. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.07.005","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Geibert, W., Charette, M., Kim, G., Moore, W., Street, J., Young, M., and Paytan, A., 2008, The release of dissolved actinium to the ocean: A global comparison of different end-members: Marine Chemistry, v. 109, no. 3-4, p. 409-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.07.005.","startPage":"409","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476820,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/c9355a11-73c0-487f-a1da-217421fe62ca","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.07.005"},{"id":242539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2fe4b08c986b3245f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geibert, W.","contributorId":76960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geibert","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charette, M.","contributorId":72606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charette","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, G.","contributorId":102237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Street, J.","contributorId":81321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Young, M.","contributorId":57428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032994,"text":"70032994 - 2008 - Great Basin paleontological database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70032994","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great Basin paleontological database","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has constructed a paleontological database for the Great Basin physiographic province that can be served over the World Wide Web for data entry, queries, displays, and retrievals. It is similar to the web-database solution that we constructed for Alaskan paleontological data (www.alaskafossil.org). The first phase of this effort was to compile a paleontological bibliography for Nevada and portions of adjacent states in the Great Basin that has recently been completed. In addition, we are also compiling paleontological reports (Known as E&R reports) of the U.S. Geological Survey, which are another extensive source of l,egacy data for this region. Initial population of the database benefited from a recently published conodont data set and is otherwise focused on Devonian and Mississippian localities because strata of this age host important sedimentary exhalative (sedex) Au, Zn, and barite resources and enormons Carlin-type An deposits. In addition, these strata are the most important petroleum source rocks in the region, and record the transition from extension to contraction associated with the Antler orogeny, the Alamo meteorite impact, and biotic crises associated with global oceanic anoxic events. The finished product will provide an invaluable tool for future geologic mapping, paleontological research, and mineral resource investigations in the Great Basin, making paleontological data acquired over nearly the past 150 yr readily available over the World Wide Web. A description of the structure of the database and the web interface developed for this effort are provided herein. This database is being used ws a model for a National Paleontological Database (which we am currently developing for the U.S. Geological Survey) as well as for other paleontological databases now being developed in other parts of the globe. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00162.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, N., Blodgett, R.B., and Hofstra, A., 2008, Great Basin paleontological database: Geosphere, v. 4, no. 3, p. 520-535, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00162.1.","startPage":"520","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487771,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00162.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00162.1"},{"id":240880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a52e4b0c8380cd5b0a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, N.","contributorId":26520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032160,"text":"70032160 - 2008 - Testing small-aperture array analysis on well-located earthquakes, and application to the location of deep tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032160","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing small-aperture array analysis on well-located earthquakes, and application to the location of deep tremor","docAbstract":"We have here analyzed local and regional earthquakes using array techniques with the double aim of quantifying the errors associated with the estimation of propagation parameters of seismic signals and testing the suitability of a probabilistic location method for the analysis of nonimpulsive signals. We have applied the zero-lag cross-correlation method to earthquakes recorded by three dense arrays in Puget Sound and Vancouver Island to estimate the slowness and back azimuth of direct P waves and S waves. The results are compared with the slowness and back azimuth computed from the source location obtained by the analysis of data recorded by the Pacific Northwest seismic network (PNSN). This comparison has allowed a quantification of the errors associated with the estimation of slowness and back azimuth obtained through the analysis of array data. The statistical analysis gives ??BP = 10?? and ??BS = 8?? as standard deviations for the back azimuth and ??SP = 0.021 sec/km and ??SS = 0.033 sec /km for the slowness results of the P and S phases, respectively. These values are consistent with the theoretical relationship between slowness and back azimuth and their uncertainties. We have tested a probabilistic source location method on the local earthquakes based on the use of the slowness estimated for two or three arrays without taking into account travel-time information. Then we applied the probabilistic method to the deep, nonvolcanic tremor recorded by the arrays during July 2004. The results of the tremor location using the probabilistic method are in good agreement with those obtained by other techniques. The wide depth range, of between 10 and 70 km, and the source migration with time are evident in our results. The method is useful for locating the source of signals characterized by the absence of pickable seismic phases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060185","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"La, R.M., Galluzzo, D., Malone, S., McCausland, W., Saccorotti, G., and Del, P.E., 2008, Testing small-aperture array analysis on well-located earthquakes, and application to the location of deep tremor: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 2, p. 620-635, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060185.","startPage":"620","endPage":"635","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060185"},{"id":242574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5cee4b08c986b320cc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La, Rocca M.","contributorId":31216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La","given":"Rocca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galluzzo, D.","contributorId":88169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galluzzo","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malone, S.","contributorId":49512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCausland, W.","contributorId":70198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCausland","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saccorotti, G.","contributorId":107041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saccorotti","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Del, Pezzo E.","contributorId":107119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Del","given":"Pezzo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032164,"text":"70032164 - 2008 - Estimating fish body condition with quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032164","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating fish body condition with quantile regression","docAbstract":"We used quantile regression to compare the body condition of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops before (1980-1988) and after (1989-2004) the establishment of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake McConaughy, Nebraska. Higher quantiles (percentiles = 100% x quantiles [0, 1]) of weight (W) at the same total length (TL) were indicative of better body condition in an allometric growth model that included separate slopes and intercepts for the before and after groups. All quantiles of walleye weights by TL increased in the years after alewife introduction, ranging from 1.01 to 1.12 times weights in the years before alewife introduction, with greatest increases for the lower (<0.50) quantiles and greater TLs. Quantiles up to 0.25 (the lowest 25th percentiles) of white bass weights were reduced in years after alewife introduction for TLs less than 300 mm, ranging from 0.78 to 0.98 times weights in the years before alewife introduction. However, quantiles greater than or equal to 0.50 (the upper 50th percentiles) of white bass weights increased for all TLs, ranging from 1.01 to 1.06 times the pre-1988 weights. A three-group analysis, which improved the model fit for longer white bass, indicated a reduction (0.80-1.0) in white bass body condition across all TLs in the first 2 years (1989-1990) after alewife introduction, whereas body condition actually improved (1.02-1.12) across all TLs in later years (1991-2004). Thus, after the establishment of alewives in 1988, walleye body condition improved for all fish at all lengths (the greatest improvement occurring among fish in poorer condition), whereas white bass body condition was initially reduced for all fish at all lengths for 2 years and improved in subsequent years. The approach that we developed for comparing fish body condition before and after a management action in Lake McConaughy could be applied to other weight-length data sets typically evaluated with relative weight indices. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M07-048.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Cade, B., Terrell, J., and Porath, M., 2008, Estimating fish body condition with quantile regression: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 2, p. 349-359, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-048.1.","startPage":"349","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-048.1"},{"id":242638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b1ae4b0c8380cd5258b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrell, J.W.","contributorId":15975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porath, M.T.","contributorId":47555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porath","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032165,"text":"70032165 - 2008 - Cosmogenic exposure-age chronologies of Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations in greater Yellowstone and the Teton Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032165","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cosmogenic exposure-age chronologies of Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations in greater Yellowstone and the Teton Range, USA","docAbstract":"We have obtained 69 new cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages from boulders on moraines deposited by glaciers of the greater Yellowstone glacial system and Teton Range during the middle and late Pleistocene. These new data, combined with 43 previously obtained 3He and 10Be ages from deposits of the northern Yellowstone outlet glacier, establish a high-resolution chronology for the Yellowstone-Teton mountain glacier complexes. Boulders deposited at the southern limit of the penultimate ice advance of the Yellowstone glacial system yield a mean age of 136??13 10Be ka and oldest ages of ???151-157 10Be ka. These ages support a correlation with the Bull Lake of West Yellowstone, with the type Bull Lake of the Wind River Range, and with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. End moraines marking the maximum Pinedale positions of outlet glaciers around the periphery of the Yellowstone glacial system range in age from 18.8??0.9 to 16.5??1.4 10Be ka, and possibly as young as 14.6??0.7 10Be ka, suggesting differences in response times of the various ice-cap source regions. Moreover, all dated Pinedale terminal moraines in the greater Yellowstone glacial system post-date the Pinedale maximum in the Wind River Range by ???4-6 kyr, indicating a significant phase relationship between glacial maxima in these adjacent ranges. Boulders on the outermost set and an inner set of Pinedale end moraines enclosing Jenny Lake on the eastern Teton front yield mean ages of 14.6??0.7 and 13.5??1.1 10Be ka, respectively. The outer Jenny Lake moraines are partially buried by outwash from ice on the Yellowstone Plateau, hence their age indicates a major standstill of an expanded valley glacier in the Teton Range prior to the Younger Dryas, followed closely by deglaciation of the Yellowstone Plateau. These new glacial chronologies are indicative of spatially variable regional climate forcing and temporally complex patterns of glacier responses in this region of the Rocky Mountains during the Pleistocene. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.12.005","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Licciardi, J., and Pierce, K.L., 2008, Cosmogenic exposure-age chronologies of Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations in greater Yellowstone and the Teton Range, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 27, no. 7-8, p. 814-831, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.12.005.","startPage":"814","endPage":"831","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.12.005"},{"id":242667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc60e4b0c8380cd4e265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Licciardi, J. M.","contributorId":104721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licciardi","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032167,"text":"70032167 - 2008 - Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032167","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic addition of bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere is increasing and terrestrial ecosystems are becoming increasingly nitrogen-saturated, causing more bioavailable nitrogen to enter groundwater and surface waters. Large-scale nitrogen budgets show that an average of about 20-25 per cent of the nitrogen added to the biosphere is exported from rivers to the ocean or inland basins, indicating that substantial sinks for nitrogen must exist in the landscape. Streams and rivers may themselves be important sinks for bioavailable nitrogen owing to their hydrological connections with terrestrial systems, high rates of biological activity, and streambed sediment environments that favour microbial denitrification. Here we present data from nitrogen stable isotope tracer experiments across 72 streams and 8 regions representing several biomes. We show that total biotic uptake and denitrification of nitrate increase with stream nitrate concentration, but that the efficiency of biotic uptake and denitrification declines as concentration increases, reducing the proportion of in-stream nitrate that is removed from transport. Our data suggest that the total uptake of nitrate is related to ecosystem photosynthesis and that denitrification is related to ecosystem respiration. In addition, we use a stream network model to demonstrate that excess nitrate in streams elicits a disproportionate increase in the fraction of nitrate that is exported to receiving waters and reduces the relative role of small versus large streams as nitrate sinks. ??2008 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature06686","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, P.J., Helton, A.M., Poole, G.C., Hall, R.O., Hamilton, S.K., Peterson, B.J., Tank, J.L., Ashkenas, L., Cooper, L.W., Dahm, C., Dodds, W.K., Findlay, S., Gregory, S., Grimm, N.B., Johnson, S.L., McDowell, W.H., Meyer, J., Valett, H.M., Webster, J., Arango, C.P., Beaulieu, J.J., Bernot, M.J., Burgin, A.J., Crenshaw, C.L., Johnson, L., Niederlehner, B., O’Brien, J.M., Potter, J.D., Sheibley, R., Sobota, D.J., and Thomas, S.M., 2008, Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading: Nature, v. 452, no. 7184, p. 202-205, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06686.","startPage":"202","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476787,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2425","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06686"},{"id":242700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"452","issue":"7184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a6ae4b08c986b31c91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helton, A. M.","contributorId":93289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, G. C.","contributorId":20175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, R. O. Jr.","contributorId":53101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, S. K.","contributorId":60866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, B. J.","contributorId":53749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tank, J. L.","contributorId":100214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ashkenas, L. R.","contributorId":14656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashkenas","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cooper, L. W.","contributorId":25782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford N.","contributorId":22730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford N.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dodds, W. K.","contributorId":21297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Findlay, S.E.G.","contributorId":10531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"S.E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gregory, S.V.","contributorId":21130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Grimm, N. 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H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Valett, H. M.","contributorId":10985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valett","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Webster, J.R.","contributorId":74475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Arango, C. 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L.","contributorId":90949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crenshaw","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Johnson, L. T.","contributorId":28819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"L. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Niederlehner, B.R.","contributorId":105929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niederlehner","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"O’Brien, J. M.","contributorId":63637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Potter, J. D.","contributorId":63638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Sheibley, R.W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":43066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"R.W.","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Sobota, D. J.","contributorId":15419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobota","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Thomas, S. M.","contributorId":87771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}} ,{"id":70033431,"text":"70033431 - 2008 - Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033431","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation","docAbstract":"Passive-treatment systems that route acidic mine drainage (AMD) through crushed limestone and/or organic-rich substrates have been used to remove the acidity and metals from various AMD sources, with a wide range of effects. This study evaluates treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD with limestone alone, and with organic-rich compost layered with the limestone. In the fall of 2003, a treatment system consisting of two parallel, 500-m2 downflow cells followed by a 400-m2 aerobic settling pond and wetland was installed to neutralize the AMD from the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. Each downflow cell consisted of a lower substrate layer of 1,090 metric tons (t) of dolomitic limestone (60 wt% CaCO3) and an upper layer of 300 t of calcitic limestone (95 wt% CaCO3); one of the downflow cells also included a 0.3 m thick layer of mushroom compost over the limestone. AMD with pH of 3.5-4.3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6-9.9 mg/L, iron of 1.9-5.4 mg/L, and aluminum of 0.8-1.9 mg/L flooded each cell to a depth 0.65 m above the treatment substrates, percolated through the substrates to underlying, perforated outflow pipes, and then flowed through the aerobic pond and wetland before discharging to the Schuylkill River. Data on the flow rates and chemistry of the effluent for the treatment system indicated substantial neutralization by the calcitic limestone but only marginal effects from the dolomitic limestone or compost. Because of its higher transmissivity, the treatment cell containing only limestone neutralized greater quantities of acidity than the cell containing compost and limestone. On average, the treatment system removed 62% of the influent acidity, 47% of the dissolved iron, 34% of the dissolved aluminum, and 8% of the dissolved manganese. Prior to treatment of the Bell Discharge, the Schuylkill River immediately below its confluence with the discharge had pH as low as 4.1 and supported few, if any, fish. However, within the first year of treatment, the pH was maintained at values of 5.0 or greater and native brook trout were documented immediately below the treatment system, though not above. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., and Ward, S., 2008, Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. Field evaluation: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 2, p. 67-85, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5.","startPage":"67","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0029-5"},{"id":241976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b0e4b0c8380cd505ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, S.J.","contributorId":12702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033434,"text":"70033434 - 2008 - Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033434","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering","docAbstract":"Continents ride high above the ocean floor because they are underlain by thick, low-density, Si-rich, and Mg-poor crust. However, the parental magmas of continents were basaltic, which means they must have lost Mg relative to Si during their maturation into continents. Igneous differentiation followed by lower crustal delamination and chemical weathering followed by subduction recycling are possible solutions, but the relative magnitudes of each process have never been quantitatively constrained because of the lack of appropriate data. Here, we show that the relative contributions of these processes can be obtained by simultaneous examination of Mg and Li (an analog for Mg) on the regional and global scales in arcs, delaminated lower crust, and river waters. At least 20% of Mg is lost from continents by weathering, which translates into >20% of continental mass lost by weathering (40% by delamination). Chemical weathering leaves behind a more Si-rich and Mg-poor crust, which is less dense and hence decreases the probability of crustal recycling by subduction. Net continental growth is thus modulated by chemical weathering and likely influenced by secular changes in weathering mechanisms. ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0711143105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., Morton, D.M., Little, M., Kistler, R., Horodyskyj, U., Leeman, W., and Agranier, A., 2008, Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 13, p. 4981-4986, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711143105.","startPage":"4981","endPage":"4986","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487732,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00305310","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711143105"},{"id":242046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d5e4b0e8fec6cdc027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, C.-T.A.","contributorId":20549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Little, M.G.","contributorId":31998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kistler, R.","contributorId":92878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horodyskyj, U.N.","contributorId":45130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horodyskyj","given":"U.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leeman, W.P.","contributorId":7841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeman","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Agranier, A.","contributorId":35136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agranier","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033098,"text":"70033098 - 2008 - Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:55:05","indexId":"70033098","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes","docAbstract":"Conventional solute transport models do not adequately account for the effects of phreatophytic plant systems on contaminant concentrations in shallow groundwater systems. A numerical model was developed and tested to simulate threedimensional reactive solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium. Advective-dispersive transport is coupled to biodegradation, sorption, and plantbased attenuation processes including plant uptake and sorption by plant roots. The latter effects are a function of the physical-chemical properties of the individual solutes and plant species. Models for plant uptake were tested and evaluated using the experimental data collected at a field site comprised of hybrid poplar trees. A non-linear equilibrium isotherm model best represented site conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Water Pollution, Water Pollution 2008","conferenceDate":"June 9-11,2008","conferenceLocation":"Alicante, Spain","language":"English","doi":"10.2495/WP080361","issn":"17433","isbn":"9781845641153","usgsCitation":"Widdowson, M., El-Sayed, A., and Landmeyer, J., 2008, Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes, in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, v. 111, Alicante, Spain, June 9-11,2008, p. 371-379, https://doi.org/10.2495/WP080361.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476696,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wp080361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2495/WP080361"}],"volume":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f1e4b0c8380cd73a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"El-Sayed, A.","contributorId":93709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Sayed","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032981,"text":"70032981 - 2008 - Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos, Cameroon, before and during controlled degassing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:16:24","indexId":"70032981","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1754,"text":"Geochemical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos, Cameroon, before and during controlled degassing","title":"Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos, Cameroon, before and during controlled degassing","docAbstract":"Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos (Cameroon) before and during controlled degassing is described using results of regular monitoring obtained during the last 21 years. The CO2(aq) profiles soon after the limnic eruptions were estimated for Lakes Monoun and Nyos using the CTD data obtained in October and November 1986, respectively. Based on the CO2(aq)profiles through time, the CO2 content and its change over time were calculated for both lakes. The CO2 accumulation rate calculated from the pre-degassing data, was constant after the limnic eruption at Lake Nyos (1986-2001), whereas the rate appeared initially high (1986-1996) but later slowed down (1996-2003) at Lake Monoun. The CO2 concentration at 58 m depth in Lake Monoun in January 2003 was very close to saturation due to the CO2 accumulation. This situation is suggestive of a mechanism for the limnic eruption , because it may take place spontaneously without receiving an external trigger. The CO2 content of the lakes decreased significantly after controlled degassing started in March 2001 at Lake Nyos and in February 2003 at Lake Monoun. The current content is lower than the content estimated soon after the limnic eruption at both lakes. At Monoun the degassing rate increased greatly after February 2006 due to an increase of the number of degassing pipes and deepening of the pipe intake depth. The current CO2 content is ∼40% of the maximum content attained just before the degassing started. At current degassing rates the lower chemocline will subside to the degassing pipe intake depth of 93 m in about one year. After this depth is reached, the gas removal rate will progressively decline because water of lower CO2(aq) concentration will be tapped by the pipes. To keep the CO2 content of Lake Monoun as small as possible, it is recommended to set up a new, simple device that sends deep water to the surface since natural recharge of CO2 will continue. Controlled degassing at Lake Nyos since 2001 has also reduced the CO2 content. It is currently slightly below the level estimated after the limnic eruption in 1986. However, the current CO2 content still amounts to 80% of the maximum level of 14.8 giga moles observed in January 2001. The depth of the lower chemocline may reach the pipe intake depth of 203 m within a few years. After this situation is reached the degassing rate with the current system will progressively decline, and it would take decades to remove the majority of dissolved gases even if the degassing system keeps working continuously. Additional degassing pipes must be installed to speed up gas removal from Lake Nyos in order to make the area safer for local populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.2343/geochemj.42.93","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Kusakabe, M., Ohba, T., , I., Yoshida, Y., Satake, H., Ohizumi, T., Evans, W.C., Tanyileke, G., and Kling, G., 2008, Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos, Cameroon, before and during controlled degassing: Geochemical Journal, v. 42, no. 1, p. 93-118, https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.42.93.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.42.93","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cameroon","otherGeospatial":"Lake Monoun, Lake Nyos","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d77e4b0c8380cd53032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kusakabe, M.","contributorId":94437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusakabe","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohba, T.","contributorId":47157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohba","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":" Issa","contributorId":35127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Issa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yoshida, Y.","contributorId":99765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshida","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Satake, H.","contributorId":60446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ohizumi, T.","contributorId":16657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohizumi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tanyileke, G.","contributorId":35882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanyileke","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kling, G.W.","contributorId":22368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kling","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70031833,"text":"70031833 - 2008 - Quantitative estimation of bioclimatic parameters from presence/absence vegetation data in North America by the modern analog technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031833","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative estimation of bioclimatic parameters from presence/absence vegetation data in North America by the modern analog technique","docAbstract":"The method of modern analogs is widely used to obtain estimates of past climatic conditions from paleobiological assemblages, and despite its frequent use, this method involved so-far untested assumptions. We applied four analog approaches to a continental-scale set of bioclimatic and plant-distribution presence/absence data for North America to assess how well this method works under near-optimal modern conditions. For each point on the grid, we calculated the similarity between its vegetation assemblage and those of all other points on the grid (excluding nearby points). The climate of the points with the most similar vegetation was used to estimate the climate at the target grid point. Estimates based the use of the Jaccard similarity coefficient had smaller errors than those based on the use of a new similarity coefficient, although the latter may be more robust because it does not assume that the \"fossil\" assemblage is complete. The results of these analyses indicate that presence/absence vegetation assemblages provide a valid basis for estimating bioclimates on the continental scale. However, the accuracy of the estimates is strongly tied to the number of species in the target assemblage, and the analog method is necessarily constrained to produce estimates that fall within the range of observed values. We applied the four modern analog approaches and the mutual overlap (or \"mutual climatic range\") method to estimate bioclimatic conditions represented by the plant macrofossil assemblage from a packrat midden of Last Glacial Maximum age from southern Nevada. In general, the estimation approaches produced similar results in regard to moisture conditions, but there was a greater range of estimates for growing-degree days. Despite its limitations, the modern analog technique can provide paleoclimatic reconstructions that serve as the starting point to the interpretation of past climatic conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.014","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R., Anderson, K.H., and Bartlein, P., 2008, Quantitative estimation of bioclimatic parameters from presence/absence vegetation data in North America by the modern analog technique: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 27, no. 11-12, p. 1234-1254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.014.","startPage":"1234","endPage":"1254","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.014"},{"id":242748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9214e4b0c8380cd8063a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, R.S.","contributorId":106516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, K. H.","contributorId":81527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032076,"text":"70032076 - 2008 - Seabed mapping and characterization of sediment variability using the usSEABED data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:16:13","indexId":"70032076","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabed mapping and characterization of sediment variability using the usSEABED data base","docAbstract":"We present a methodology for statistical analysis of randomly located marine sediment point data, and apply it to the US continental shelf portions of usSEABED mean grain size records. The usSEABED database, like many modern, large environmental datasets, is heterogeneous and interdisciplinary. We statistically test the database as a source of mean grain size data, and from it provide a first examination of regional seafloor sediment variability across the entire US continental shelf. Data derived from laboratory analyses (\"extracted\") and from word-based descriptions (\"parsed\") are treated separately, and they are compared statistically and deterministically. Data records are selected for spatial analysis by their location within sample regions: polygonal areas defined in ArcGIS chosen by geography, water depth, and data sufficiency. We derive isotropic, binned semivariograms from the data, and invert these for estimates of noise variance, field variance, and decorrelation distance. The highly erratic nature of the semivariograms is a result both of the random locations of the data and of the high level of data uncertainty (noise). This decorrelates the data covariance matrix for the inversion, and largely prevents robust estimation of the fractal dimension. Our comparison of the extracted and parsed mean grain size data demonstrates important differences between the two. In particular, extracted measurements generally produce finer mean grain sizes, lower noise variance, and lower field variance than parsed values. Such relationships can be used to derive a regionally dependent conversion factor between the two. Our analysis of sample regions on the US continental shelf revealed considerable geographic variability in the estimated statistical parameters of field variance and decorrelation distance. Some regional relationships are evident, and overall there is a tendency for field variance to be higher where the average mean grain size is finer grained. Surprisingly, parsed and extracted noise magnitudes correlate with each other, which may indicate that some portion of the data variability that we identify as \"noise\" is caused by real grain size variability at very short scales. Our analyses demonstrate that by applying a bias-correction proxy, usSEABED data can be used to generate reliable interpolated maps of regional mean grain size and sediment character.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.011","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Goff, J., Jenkins, C., and Jeffress, W.S., 2008, Seabed mapping and characterization of sediment variability using the usSEABED data base: Continental Shelf Research, v. 28, no. 4-5, p. 614-633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.011.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"633","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8820e4b08c986b3167ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goff, J.A.","contributorId":17004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, C.J.","contributorId":61244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffress, Williams S.","contributorId":90948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffress","given":"Williams","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032169,"text":"70032169 - 2008 - New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:06:01","indexId":"70032169","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data","docAbstract":"To study the Earth system and to better understand the implications of global environmental change, there is a growing need for large-scale hydrographic data sets that serve as prerequisites in a variety of analyses and applications, ranging from regional watershed and freshwater conservation planning to global hydrological, climate, biogeochemical, and land surface modeling. Yet while countless hydrographic maps exist for well-known river basins and individual nations, there is a lack of seamless high-quality data on large scales such as continents or the entire globe. Data for many large international basins are patchy, and remote areas are often poorly mapped.
\nIn response to these limitations, a team of scientists has developed data and created maps of the world's rivers that provide the research community with more reliable information about where streams and watersheds occur on the Earth's surface and how water drains the landscape. The new product, known as HydroSHEDS (Hydrological Data and Maps Based on Shuttle Elevation Derivatives at Multiple Scales), provides this information at a resolution and quality unachieved by previous global data sets, such as HYDRO1k [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2000].
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008EO100001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Lehner, B., Verdin, K., and Jarvis, A., 2008, New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 10, p. 93-94, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476904,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/X3KCCATL","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO100001"},{"id":242734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a658ce4b0c8380cd72c13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehner, B.","contributorId":86192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, K.L. 0000-0002-6114-4660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":33505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarvis, A.","contributorId":45533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033446,"text":"70033446 - 2008 - Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70033446","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Long-term fish community surveys were carried out in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron using bottom trawls from 1976 to 2006. Trends in abundance indices for common species (those caught in 10% or more of trawl tows) were estimated for two periods: early (1976-1991) and late (1994-2006). All common species significantly decreased in abundance during the late period with the exception of the johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum and spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius, which showed no significant trends, and the round goby Neogobius melanostomus, which increased in abundance. Percentage decreases in abundance indices between 1994-1995 and 2005-2006 ranged from 66.4% to 99.9%, and seven species decreased in abundance by more than 90%. The mean biomass of all common species in 2006 was the lowest observed in the time series and was less than 5% of that observed in the mid-1990s. The mean number of common species captured per trawl has also decreased since the mid-1990s. Several factors, including recent invasion of the lake by multiple exotic species, may have contributed to these declines, but insufficient published data are currently available to determine which factors are most important. Our observations suggest that significant changes have occurred in the ecology of Lake Huron since the mid-1990s. The extent of these changes indicates that the deepwater demersal fish community in Lake Huron is undergoing collapse.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-141.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., Roseman, E., Nichols, S.J., O’Brien, T.P., Kiley, C., and Schaeffer, J., 2008, Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1879-1890, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-141.1.","startPage":"1879","endPage":"1890","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214540,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-141.1"},{"id":242275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe32e4b0c8380cd4ebb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, S.C.","contributorId":71378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, E.F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":76531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, S. J.","contributorId":63770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T. P.","contributorId":22146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kiley, C.S.","contributorId":20985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiley","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaeffer, J.S.","contributorId":42688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033454,"text":"70033454 - 2008 - Anatomy and dynamics of a floodplain, Powder River, Montana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033454","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anatomy and dynamics of a floodplain, Powder River, Montana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Centimeter-scale measurements on several Powder River floodplains provide insights into the nature of overbank depositional processes that created the floodplains; during a 20-year period after a major flood in 1978. Rising stages initially entered across a sill at the downriver end of the floodplains. Later, as stages continued to rise, water entered the floodplains through distinct low saddles along natural levees. The annual maximum depth of water over the levee crest averaged 0.19 in from 1983 through 1996, and the estimated flow velocities were approximately 0.15 m s-1. Water ponded in the floodplain trough, a topographic low between the natural levee and the pre-flood riverbank, and mud settled as thin layers of nearly constant thickness. Mud layers alternated with sand layers, which were relatively thick near the channel. Together, these beds created a distinctive natural levee. In some locations, individual flood deposits began as a thin mud layer that gradually coarsened upwards to medium-grained sand. Coarsening-upwards sequences form initially as mud because only the uppermost layers of water in the channel supply the first overbank flows, which are rich in mud but starved of sand. At successively higher stages, fine sands and then medium sands increase in concentration in the floodwater and are deposited as fine- and medium-sand layers overlying the initial mud layer. Theoretical predictions from mathematical models of sediment transport by advection and diffusion indicate that these processes acting alone are unlikely to create the observed sand layers of nearly uniform thickness that extend across much of the floodplain. We infer that other transport processes, notably bedload transport, must be important along Powder River. Even with the centimeter-scale measurements of floodplain deposits, daily hydraulic data, and precise annual surface topographic surveys, we were unable to determine any clear correspondence between the gauged flow record of overbank floods and the depositional layers mapped in the floodplain. These results provide a detailed example of floodplain deposits and depositional processes that should prove useful for interpreting natural levee deposits in a variety of geologic settings. Copyright ?? 2008, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2008.005","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Pizzuto, J., Moody, J.A., and Meade, R., 2008, Anatomy and dynamics of a floodplain, Powder River, Montana, U.S.A.: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 78, no. 1-2, p. 16-28, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2008.005.","startPage":"16","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2008.005"},{"id":241852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebefe4b0c8380cd48f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pizzuto, J.E.","contributorId":10572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032454,"text":"70032454 - 2008 - Data error and highly parameterized groundwater models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T11:35:37.154451","indexId":"70032454","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data error and highly parameterized groundwater models","docAbstract":"Strengths and weaknesses of highly parameterized models, in which the number of parameters exceeds the number of observations, are demonstrated using a synthetic test case. Results suggest that the approach can yield close matches to observations but also serious errors in system representation. It is proposed that avoiding the difficulties of highly parameterized models requires close evaluation of: (1) model fit, (2) performance of the regression, and (3) estimated parameter distributions. Comparisons to hydrogeologic information are expected to be critical to obtaining credible models. Copyright ?? 2008 IAHS Press.","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling: Credibility of Modelling, M","conferenceDate":"September 9-13, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Copenhagen","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS-AISH Publication","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502497","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2008, Data error and highly parameterized groundwater models, International Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling: Credibility of Modelling, M, no. 320, Copenhagen, September 9-13, 2007, p. 316-321.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-005796","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"320","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd71e4b0c8380cd4e82f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031925,"text":"70031925 - 2008 - Secrets in the eyes of Black Oystercatchers: A new sexing technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:27:08","indexId":"70031925","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secrets in the eyes of Black Oystercatchers: A new sexing technique","docAbstract":"Sexing oystercatchers in the field is difficult because males and females have identical plumage and are similar in size. Although Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) are sexually dimorphic, using morphology to determine sex requires either capturing both pair members for comparison or using discriminant analyses to assign sex probabilistically based on morphometric traits. All adult Black Oystercatchers have bright yellow eyes, but some of them have dark specks, or eye flecks, in their irides. We hypothesized that this easily observable trait was sex-linked and could be used as a novel diagnostic tool for identifying sex. To test this, we compared data for oystercatchers from genetic molecular markers (CHD-W/CHD-Z and HINT-W/HINT-Z), morphometric analyses, and eye-fleck category (full eye flecks, slight eye flecks, and no eye flecks). Compared to molecular markers, we found that discriminant analyses based on morphological characteristics yielded variable results that were confounded by geographical differences in morphology. However, we found that eye flecks were sex-linked. Using an eye-fleck model where all females have full eye flecks and males have either slight eye flecks or no eye flecks, we correctly assigned the sex of 117 of 125 (94%) oystercatchers. Using discriminant analysis based on morphological characteristics, we correctly assigned the sex of 105 of 119 (88%) birds. Using the eye-fleck technique for sexing Black Oystercatchers may be preferable for some investigators because it is as accurate as discriminant analysis based on morphology and does not require capturing the birds. ??2008 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00167.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Guzzetti, B.M., Talbot, S.L., Tessler, D.F., Gill, V., and Murphy, E., 2008, Secrets in the eyes of Black Oystercatchers: A new sexing technique: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 215-223, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00167.x.","startPage":"215","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8938e4b08c986b316d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guzzetti, Brian M.","contributorId":6277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guzzetti","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tessler, David F.","contributorId":67209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Verena A.","contributorId":140658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Verena A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Edward C.","contributorId":8826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Edward C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031827,"text":"70031827 - 2008 - Short-term monitoring of aridland lichen cover and biomass using photography and fatty acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031827","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term monitoring of aridland lichen cover and biomass using photography and fatty acids","docAbstract":"Biological soil crust (BSC) communities (composed of lichens, bryophytes, and cyanobacteria) may be more dynamic on short-time scales than previously thought, requiring new and informative short-term monitoring techniques. We used repeat digital photography and image analysis, which revealed a change in area of a dominant BSC lichen, Collema tenax. The data generated correlated well with gross photosynthesis (r=0.57) and carotenoid content (r=0.53), two variables that would be expected to be positively related to lichen area. We also extracted fatty acids from lichen samples and identified useful phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) indicators for the Collema mycobiont (20:1, 15:0, 23:0), and the Collema photobiont (18:3??3). The 18:3??3 correlated well with chlorophyll a (r=0.66), a more traditional proxy for cyanobacterial biomass. We also compared total PLFA as a proxy for total Collema biomass with our photographically generated areal change data, and found them to be moderately correlated (r=0.44). Areal change proved to be responsive on short-time scales, while fatty acid techniques were information-rich, providing data on biomass of lichens, and both photo- and mycobionts separately, in addition to the physiological status of the mycobiont. Both techniques should be refined and tested in field situations. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.006","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Johnson, N., Belnap, J., and Koch, G., 2008, Short-term monitoring of aridland lichen cover and biomass using photography and fatty acids: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 72, no. 6, p. 869-878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.006.","startPage":"869","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.11.006"},{"id":242678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ebde4b08c986b318afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, N.C.","contributorId":29567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koch, G.W.","contributorId":104291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}