A spring nor’easter affected the East Coast of the United States from April 15 to 18, 2007. In Connecticut, rainfall varied from 3 inches to more than 7 inches. The combined effects of heavy rainfall over a short duration, high winds, and high tides led to widespread flooding, storm damage, power outages, evacuations, and disruptions to traffic and commerce. The storm caused at least 18 fatalities (none in Connecticut). A Presidential Disaster Declaration was issued on May 11, 2007, for two counties in western Connecticut—Fairfield and Litchfield. This report documents hydrologic and meteorologic aspects of the April 2007 flood and includes estimates of the magnitude of the peak discharges and peak stages during the flood at 28 streamflow-gaging stations in western Connecticut. These data were used to perform flood-frequency analyses. Flood-frequency estimates provided in this report are expressed in terms of exceedance probabilities (the probability of a flood reaching or exceeding a particular magnitude in any year). Flood-frequency estimates for the 0.50, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.002 exceedance probabilities (also expressed as 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2- percent exceedance probability, respectively) were computed for 24 of the 28 streamflow-gaging stations. Exceedance probabilities can further be expressed in terms of recurrence intervals (2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence interval, respectively). Flood-frequency estimates computed in this study were compared to the flood-frequency estimates used to derive the water-surface profiles in previously published Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Studies. The estimates in this report update and supersede previously published flood-frequency estimates for streamflowgaging stations in Connecticut by incorporating additional years of annual peak discharges, including the peaks for the April 2007 flood.
In the southwest coastal region of Connecticut, the April 2007 peak discharges for streamflow-gaging stations with records extending back to 1955 were the second highest peak discharges on record; the 1955 annual peak discharges are the highest peak discharges in the station records. In the Housatonic and South Central Coast Basins, the April 2007 peak discharges for streamflow-gaging stations with records extending back to 1930 or earlier ranked between the fourth and eighth highest discharges on record, with the 1936, 1938, and 1955 floods as the largest floods in the station records.
The peak discharges for the April 2007 flood have exceedance probabilities ranging between 0.10 to 0.02 (a 10- to 2-percent chance of being exceeded in a given year, respectively) with the majority (80 percent) of the stations having exceedance probabilities between 0.10 to 0.04. At three stations—Norwalk River at South Wilton, Pootatuck River at Sandy Hook, and Still River at Robertsville—the April 2007 peak discharges have an exceedance probability of 0.02.
Flood-frequency estimates made after the April 2007 flood were compared to flood-frequency estimates used to derive the water-surface profiles (also called flood profiles) in FEMA Flood Insurance Studies developed for communities. In general, the comparison indicated that at the 0.10 exceedance probability (a 10-percent change of being exceeded in a given year), the discharges from the current (2007) flood-frequency analysis are larger than the discharges in the FEMA Flood Insurance Studies, with a median change of about +10 percent. In contrast, at the 0.01 exceedance probability (a 1-percent change of being exceeded in a year), the discharges from the current flood-frequency analysis are smaller than the discharges in the FEMA Flood Insurance Studies, with a median change of about -13 percent.
Several stations had more than + 25 percent change in discharges at the 0.10 exceedance probability and are in the following communities: Winchester (Still River at Robertsville, +50 percent change); Hamden (Mill River near Hamden, +46 percent change); Woodbury (Weekeepeemee River at Hotchkissville, +29 percent change); and Newtown (Pootatuck River at Sandy Hook , +28 percent change). Although the majority of the streamflow-gaging stations had discharges at the 0.01 exceedance probability smaller than in the Flood Insurance Studies, the (2007) flood-frequency estimates were larger than in the Flood Insurance Studies for stations in the following communities: Hamden (Mill River near Hamden, +53 percent change); Thomaston (Naugatuck River at Thomaston, +27 percent change); Newtown (Pootatuck River at Sandy Hook, +18 percent change); and Wallingford (Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, +13 percent change). The 1-percent exceedance probability (100-year flood) elevations at streamflow-gaging stations exceeded the FEMA projected 100-year flood elevations by more than +0.5 feet in two Flood Insurance Studies in the communities of Wallingford (Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, +0.6 feet change) and Hamden (Mill River near Hamden, + 2.3 feet change).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., 2009, Flood of April 2007 and flood-frequency estimates at streamflow-gaging stations in western Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5108, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095108.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-04-15","temporalEnd":"2007-04-18","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12741,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":430246,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86730.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.75,41 ], [ -73.75,42.05 ], [ -72.5,42.05 ], [ -72.5,41 ], [ -73.75,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eec94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97596,"text":"fs20093022 - 2009 - Web-Based Geospatial Tools to Address Hazard Mitigation, Natural Resource Management, and Other Societal Issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"fs20093022","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3022","title":"Web-Based Geospatial Tools to Address Hazard Mitigation, Natural Resource Management, and Other Societal Issues","docAbstract":"Federal, State, and local government agencies in the United States face a broad range of issues on a daily basis. Among these are natural hazard mitigation, homeland security, emergency response, economic and community development, water supply, and health and safety services. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) helps decision makers address these issues by providing natural hazard assessments, information on energy, mineral, water and biological resources, maps, and other geospatial information.\r\n\r\nIncreasingly, decision makers at all levels are challenged not by the lack of information, but by the absence of effective tools to synthesize the large volume of data available, and to utilize the data to frame policy options in a straightforward and understandable manner. While geographic information system (GIS) technology has been widely applied to this end, systems with the necessary analytical power have been usable only by trained operators. The USGS is addressing the need for more accessible, manageable data tools by developing a suite of Web-based geospatial applications that will incorporate USGS and cooperating partner data into the decision making process for a variety of critical issues. Examples of Web-based geospatial tools being used to address societal issues follow.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093022","usgsCitation":"Hearn, 2009, Web-Based Geospatial Tools to Address Hazard Mitigation, Natural Resource Management, and Other Societal Issues: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3022, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093022.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3022.jpg"},{"id":12740,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Jr. phearn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","suffix":"Jr.","email":"phearn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97591,"text":"ofr20091082 - 2009 - Potentiometric Surface of the Magothy Aquifer in Southern Maryland, September 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:51:26.399303","indexId":"ofr20091082","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1082","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Magothy Aquifer in Southern Maryland, September 2007","docAbstract":"This report presents a map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer in the Magothy Formation of Late Cretaceous age in Southern Maryland during September 2007. The map is based on water-level measurements in 69 wells. The highest measured water level was 85 feet above sea level near the northern boundary and outcrop area of the aquifer in the north-central part of Anne Arundel County. \r\n\r\nThe potentiometric surface declined towards the south. Local gradients were directed toward the center of a cone of depression in the Waldorf area that developed in response to pumping. Measured ground-water levels were as low as 90 feet below sea level in the Waldorf area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey (MGS) and the Power Plant Assessment Program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Andreasen, D., and Staley, A., 2009, Potentiometric Surface of the Magothy Aquifer in Southern Maryland, September 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1082, Sheet: 8.5 x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091082.","productDescription":"Sheet: 8.5 x 11 inches","temporalStart":"2007-09-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12735,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,37.75 ], [ -77.5,39.583333333333336 ], [ -75.75,39.583333333333336 ], [ -75.75,37.75 ], [ -77.5,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6832ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":59003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staley, Andrew W.","contributorId":43319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97590,"text":"sir20095122 - 2009 - Navigability potential of Washington rivers and streams determined with hydraulic geometry and a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-15T18:30:11.775464","indexId":"sir20095122","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5122","displayTitle":"Navigability Potential of Washington Rivers and Streams Determined with Hydraulic Geometry and a Geographic Information System","title":"Navigability potential of Washington rivers and streams determined with hydraulic geometry and a geographic information system","docAbstract":"Using discharge and channel geometry measurements from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations and data from a geographic information system, regression relations were derived to predict river depth, top width, and bottom width as a function of mean annual discharge for rivers in the State of Washington. A new technique also was proposed to determine bottom width in channels, a parameter that has received relatively little attention in the geomorphology literature. These regression equations, when combined with estimates of mean annual discharge available in the National Hydrography Dataset, enabled the prediction of hydraulic geometry for any stream or river in the State of Washington.\r\n\r\nPredictions of hydraulic geometry can then be compared to thresholds established by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources to determine navigability potential of rivers. Rivers with a mean annual discharge of 1,660 cubic feet per second or greater are 'probably navigable' and rivers with a mean annual discharge of 360 cubic feet per second or less are 'probably not navigable'. Variance in the dataset, however, leads to a relatively wide range of prediction intervals. For example, although the predicted hydraulic depth at a mean annual discharge of 1,660 cubic feet per second is 3.5 feet, 90-percent prediction intervals indicate that the actual hydraulic depth may range from 1.8 to 7.0 feet. This methodology does not determine navigability - a legal concept determined by federal common law - instead, this methodology is a tool for predicting channel depth, top width, and bottom width for rivers and streams in Washington.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., and Olsen, T.D., 2009, Navigability potential of Washington rivers and streams determined with hydraulic geometry and a geographic information system: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5122, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095122.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,45 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -116,49 ], [ -116,45 ], [ -125,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"plainLanguageSummary":"This chapter documents our effort to map benthic habitats within the KalokoHonokohau National Historic Park, Hawai`i, USA. We produce detailed benthichabitat maps by using a combination of color aerial photography, high-resolution bathymetry, and georeferenced underwater video and still photography. We classify individual habitat polygons using five basic attributes and additional information regarding geology, morphology, and coral species. Derivative data sets including isobaths, hillshades, and slope maps are also generated. The mapping shows that benthic habitat and seafloor morphology varies greatly throughout the study area. Nearly 73% of the study area consists of a hardbottom structure that is potentially available for coral habitation; the remaining 27% includes unconsolidated sediment and artificial or historical features. Coral cover is generally low and increases with water depth. The offshore geology is predominantly composed of smooth to undulating pahoehoe-type basalt flows that form flat to gently sloping benches, vertical walls, and steep escarpments. In some locations the basalt surface is irregular and mounded into ridges, pinnacles, and arches. Large rounded basaltic boulders and smaller scattered rocks are common throughout the marine portions of the park. Coral or accreted carbonate reef obscures the underlying volcanic surface in only a few areas. The underlying geologic framework and morphology of the submerged volcanic flows within Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park provide the primary control on benthic habitats within the park. The habitat maps and associated data can be used as a stand-alone product or in a GIS to provide useful baseline information to scientists, managers and the general public.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing and geospatial technologies for coastal ecosystem assessment and management: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag Press","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-88183-4_9","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., and Cochran, S., 2009, An integrated approach to benthic habitat mapping using remote sensing and GIS: An example from the Hawaiian Islands, chap. of Remote sensing and geospatial technologies for coastal ecosystem assessment and management: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, p. 211-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88183-4_9.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":528,"text":"Pacific Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b4704cae4b060350a162ca8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Yang, X.","contributorId":66894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737666,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, A. E.","contributorId":54229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97584,"text":"ds435 - 2009 - Global Positioning System surveys of storm-surge sensors deployed during Hurricane Ike, Seadrift, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T17:51:04.341594","indexId":"ds435","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"435","title":"Global Positioning System surveys of storm-surge sensors deployed during Hurricane Ike, Seadrift, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey installed a network of pressure sensors at 65 sites along the Gulf Coast from Seadrift, Texas, northeast to Lake Charles, Louisiana, to record the timing, areal extent, and magnitude of inland storm surge and coastal flooding caused by Hurricane Ike in September 2008. A Global Positioning System was used to obtain elevations of reference marks near each sensor. A combination of real-time kinematic (RTK) and static Global Positioning System surveys were done to obtain elevations of reference marks. Leveling relative to reference marks was done to obtain elevations of sensor orifices above the reference marks. This report summarizes the Global Positioning System data collected and processed to obtain reference mark and storm-sensor-orifice elevations for 59 storm-surge sensors recovered from the original 65 installed as a necessary prelude to computation of storm-surge elevations. National Geodetic Survey benchmarks were used for RTK surveying. Where National Geodetic Survey benchmarks were not within 12 kilometers of a sensor site, static surveying was done. Additional control points for static surveying were in the form of newly established benchmarks or reestablished existing benchmarks. RTK surveying was used to obtain positions and elevations of reference marks for 29 sensor sites. Static surveying was used to obtain positions and elevations of reference marks for 34 sensor sites; four sites were surveyed using both methods. Multiple quality checks on the RTK-survey and static-survey data were applied. The results of all quality checks indicate that the desired elevation accuracy for the surveys of this report, less than 0.1-meter error, was achieved.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds435","usgsCitation":"Payne, J., Woodward, B.K., and Storm, J.B., 2009, Global Positioning System surveys of storm-surge sensors deployed during Hurricane Ike, Seadrift, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 435, Report: iv, 17 p., Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds435.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p., Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-09-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds435.gif"},{"id":405312,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86717.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/435/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,27 ], [ -97,31 ], [ -92,31 ], [ -92,27 ], [ -97,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Jason 0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Brenda K.","contributorId":106985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storm, John B. 0000-0002-5657-536X jbstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-536X","contributorId":3684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"John","email":"jbstorm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97579,"text":"fs20093036 - 2009 - Assessing the Vulnerability of Public-Supply Wells to Contamination: Central Valley Aquifer System near Modesto, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"fs20093036","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3036","title":"Assessing the Vulnerability of Public-Supply Wells to Contamination: Central Valley Aquifer System near Modesto, California","docAbstract":"This fact sheet highlights findings from the vulnerability study of a public-supply well in Modesto, California. The well selected for study pumps on average about 1,600 gallons per minute from the Central Valley aquifer system during peak summer demand. Water samples were collected at the public-supply well and at monitoring wells installed in the Modesto vicinity. Samples from the public-supply wellhead contained the undesirable constituents uranium, nitrate, arsenic, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pesticides, although none were present at concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards. Of these contaminants, uranium and nitrate pose the most significant water-quality risk to the public-supply well because human activities have caused concentrations in groundwater to increase over time. \r\n\r\nOverall, study findings point to four primary factors that affect the movement and (or) fate of contaminants and the vulnerability of the public-supply well in Modesto: (1) groundwater age (how long ago water entered, or recharged, the aquifer); (2) irrigation and agricultural and municipal pumping that drives contaminants downward into the primary production zone of the aquifer; (3) short-circuiting of contaminated water down the public-supply well during the low-pumping season; and (4) natural geochemical conditions of the aquifer.\r\n\r\nA local-scale computer model of groundwater flow and transport to the public-supply well was constructed to simulate long-term nitrate and uranium concentrations reaching the well. With regard to nitrate, two conflicting processes influence concentrations in the area contributing recharge to the well: (1) Beneath land that is being farmed or has recently been farmed (within the last 10 to 20 years), downward-moving irrigation waters contain elevated nitrate concentrations; yet (2) the proportion of agricultural land has decreased and the proportion of urban land has increased since 1960. Urban land use is associated with low nitrate concentrations in recharge (3.1 milligrams per liter). Results of the simulation indicate that nitrate concentrations in the public-supply well peaked in the late 1990s and will decrease slightly from the current level of 5.5 milligrams per liter during the next 100 years. A lag time of 20 to 30 years between peak nitrate concentrations in recharge and peak concentrations in the well is the result of the wide range of ages of water reaching the public-supply well combined with changing nitrogen input concentrations over time. As for uranium, simulation results show that concentrations in the public-supply well will likely approach the Maximum Contaminant Level of 30 micrograms per liter over time; however, it will take more than 100 years because of the contribution of old water at depth in the public-supply well that dilutes uranium concentrations in shallower water entering the well. This allows time to evaluate management strategies and to alter well-construction or pumping strategies to prevent uranium concentrations from exceeding the drinking-water standard.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093036","usgsCitation":"Jagucki, M.L., Jurgens, B., Burow, K.R., and Eberts, S., 2009, Assessing the Vulnerability of Public-Supply Wells to Contamination: Central Valley Aquifer System near Modesto, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3036, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093036.","productDescription":"6 p.","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12722,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3036.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.03333333333333,37.65 ], [ -121.03333333333333,37.733333333333334 ], [ -120.93333333333334,37.733333333333334 ], [ -120.93333333333334,37.65 ], [ -121.03333333333333,37.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagucki, Martha L. 0000-0003-3798-8393 mjagucki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-8393","contributorId":1794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"Martha","email":"mjagucki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97580,"text":"ofr20091073 - 2009 - The framework of a coastal hazards model: A tool for predicting the impact of severe storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T21:23:20.449234","indexId":"ofr20091073","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1073","title":"The framework of a coastal hazards model: A tool for predicting the impact of severe storms","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California (Jones and others, 2007) is a five-year project (FY2007-FY2011) integrating multiple USGS research activities with the needs of external partners, such as emergency managers and land-use planners, to produce products and information that can be used to create more disaster-resilient communities. The hazards being evaluated include earthquakes, landslides, floods, tsunamis, wildfires, and coastal hazards.\r\n\r\nFor the Coastal Hazards Task of the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California, the USGS is leading the development of a modeling system for forecasting the impact of winter storms threatening the entire Southern California shoreline from Pt. Conception to the Mexican border. The modeling system, run in real-time or with prescribed scenarios, will incorporate atmospheric information (that is, wind and pressure fields) with a suite of state-of-the-art physical process models (that is, tide, surge, and wave) to enable detailed prediction of currents, wave height, wave runup, and total water levels. Additional research-grade predictions of coastal flooding, inundation, erosion, and cliff failure will also be performed. Initial model testing, performance evaluation, and product development will be focused on a severe winter-storm scenario developed in collaboration with the Winter Storm Working Group of the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California. Additional offline model runs and products will include coastal-hazard hindcasts of selected historical winter storms, as well as additional severe winter-storm simulations based on statistical analyses of historical wave and water-level data. The coastal-hazards model design will also be appropriate for simulating the impact of storms under various sea level rise and climate-change scenarios. The operational capabilities of this modeling system are designed to provide emergency planners with the critical information they need to respond quickly and efficiently and to increase public safety and mitigate damage associated with powerful coastal storms. For instance, high resolution local models will predict detailed wave heights, breaking patterns, and current strengths for use in warning systems for harbor-mouth navigation and densely populated coastal regions where beach safety is threatened. The offline applications are intended to equip coastal managers with the information needed to manage and allocate their resources effectively to protect sections of coast that may be most vulnerable to future severe storms.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091073","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., O’Reilly, B., van Ormondt, M., Elias, E., Ruggiero, P., Erikson, L., Hapke, C., Collins, B., Guza, R.T., Adams, P.N., and Thomas, J., 2009, The framework of a coastal hazards model: A tool for predicting the impact of severe storms (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1073, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091073.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86720.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12723,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.5914306640625,\n 32.722598604044066\n ],\n [\n -116.65283203124999,\n 32.722598604044066\n ],\n [\n -116.65283203124999,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -120.5914306640625,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -120.5914306640625,\n 32.722598604044066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Reilly, Bill","contributorId":11299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Ormondt, Maarten","contributorId":50181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Ormondt","given":"Maarten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elias, Edwin","contributorId":50615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":302550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erikson, Li H.","contributorId":10880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl","contributorId":89846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guza, Robert T.","contributorId":74095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guza","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Adams, Peter N.","contributorId":64361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, Julie","contributorId":107007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":97581,"text":"ofr20091101 - 2009 - The Partition Intervalometer: A Programmable Underwater Timer for Marking Accumulated Sediment Profiles Collected in Anderson Sediment Traps: Development, Operation, Testing Procedures, and Field Results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091101","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1101","title":"The Partition Intervalometer: A Programmable Underwater Timer for Marking Accumulated Sediment Profiles Collected in Anderson Sediment Traps: Development, Operation, Testing Procedures, and Field Results","docAbstract":"This manual illustrates the development of a programmable instrument designed to deploy a series of wafer-shaped discs (partitions) into the collection tube of a sediment trap in various aquatic environments. These hydrodynamically shaped discs are deployed at discrete time intervals from the Intervalometer and provide markers that delineate time intervals within the sediments that accumulate in the collection tube.\r\n\r\nThe timer and mechanical system are lodged in an air-filled, water-tight pressure housing that is vertically hung within the confines of a cone-shaped sediment trap. The instrumentation has been operationally pressure tested to an equivalent water depth of approximately 1 km.\r\n\r\nFlaws discovered during extensive laboratory and pressure testing resulted in the implementation of several mechanical modifications (such as a redesign of the rotor and the discs) that improved the operation of the rotor assembly as well as the release of discs through the end cap. These results also identified a preferred azimuth placement of the rotor disc relative to the drop hole of the end cap. \r\n\r\nIn the initial field trial, five sediment traps and coupled Intervalometers were attached to moored arrays and deployed at two sites off the coast of Southern California for approximately 8 months. Each of the instruments released 18 discs at the programmed 10 day intervals, except one unit, which experienced a malfunction after approximately 4 months. Most of the discs oriented in a near-horizontal position upon the surface of the sediment in the collection tubes. Sampling of the sediments for geochemical analyses was improved by these clearly defined markers, which indicated the changes in the flux and nature of sediments accumulated during the deployment period of each sediment trap.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091101","usgsCitation":"Rendigs, R.R., Anderson, R.Y., Xu, J., Davis, R.E., and Bergeron, E., 2009, The Partition Intervalometer: A Programmable Underwater Timer for Marking Accumulated Sediment Profiles Collected in Anderson Sediment Traps: Development, Operation, Testing Procedures, and Field Results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1101, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091101.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,33 ], [ -120.5,35 ], [ -117.5,35 ], [ -117.5,33 ], [ -120.5,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rendigs, Richard R.","contributorId":56652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Roger Y.","contributorId":19251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Raymond E.","contributorId":87648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergeron, Emile M. ebergeron@usgs.gov","contributorId":3449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"Emile M.","email":"ebergeron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97586,"text":"pp1761 - 2009 - Geophysical Interpretations of the Southern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, That Contribute to Understanding Its Hydrogeologic Framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"pp1761","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1761","title":"Geophysical Interpretations of the Southern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, That Contribute to Understanding Its Hydrogeologic Framework","docAbstract":"The southern Espanola basin consists of a westward- and northward-thickening wedge of rift fill, composed primarily of Santa Fe Group sediments, that serves as an important aquifer for the city of Santa Fe and surrounding areas. Detailed aeromagnetic surveys were flown to better understand ground-water resources in this aquifer. This report presents a synthesis of these data with gravity data and other constraints. The interpretations were accomplished using qualitative interpretation, state-of-art data analysis techniques, and two- and three-dimensional modeling. The results depict the presence of and depth to many geologic features that have hydrogeologic significance, including shallow faults, different types of igneous units, and basement rocks. The results are presented as map interpretations, geophysical profile models, and a digital surface that represents the base and thickness of Santa Fe Group sediments, as well as vector files of some volcanic features and faults.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1761","isbn":"9781411323650","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Phillips, J.D., Koning, D., Johnson, P.S., and Bankey, V., 2009, Geophysical Interpretations of the Southern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, That Contribute to Understanding Its Hydrogeologic Framework: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1761, Report: vi, 88 p.; 2 Plates: Plate 1 - 23 x 37.5 inches, Plate 2 - 23 x 38 inches; Also available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1761.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 88 p.; 2 Plates: Plate 1 - 23 x 37.5 inches, Plate 2 - 23 x 38 inches; Also available on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1761.gif"},{"id":12730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1761/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.28416666666666,35.3675 ], [ -106.28416666666666,36.1175 ], [ -105.86749999999999,36.1175 ], [ -105.86749999999999,35.3675 ], [ -106.28416666666666,35.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koning, Daniel","contributorId":58355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koning","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Peggy S.","contributorId":85689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97585,"text":"ofr20091100 - 2009 - High-Resolution Seismic-Reflection and Marine Magnetic Data Along the Hosgri Fault Zone, Central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20091100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1100","title":"High-Resolution Seismic-Reflection and Marine Magnetic Data Along the Hosgri Fault Zone, Central California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected high-resolution shallow seismic-reflection and marine magnetic data in June 2008 in the offshore areas between the towns of Cayucos and Pismo Beach, Calif., from the nearshore (~6-m depth) to just west of the Hosgri Fault Zone (~200-m depth). These data are in support of the California State Waters Mapping Program and the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. and the U.S. Geological Survey. \r\n\r\nSeismic-reflection and marine magnetic data were acquired aboard the R/V Parke Snavely, using a SIG 2Mille minisparker seismic source and a Geometrics G882 cesium-vapor marine magnetometer. More than 550 km of seismic and marine magnetic data was collected simultaneously along shore-perpendicular transects spaced 800 m apart, with an additional 220 km of marine magnetometer data collected across the Hosgri Fault Zone, resulting in spacing locally as smallas 400 m. \r\n\r\nThis report includes maps of the seismic-survey sections, linked to Google Earth software, and digital data files showing images of each transect in SEG-Y, JPEG, and TIFF formats, as well as preliminary gridded marine-magnetic-anomaly and residual-magnetic-anomaly (shallow magnetic source) maps.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091100","collaboration":"2009, revised 2010","usgsCitation":"Sliter, R.W., Triezenberg, P., Hart, P.E., Watt, J.T., Johnson, S.Y., and Scheirer, D., 2009, High-Resolution Seismic-Reflection and Marine Magnetic Data Along the Hosgri Fault Zone, Central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1100, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091100.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-10","temporalEnd":"2008-06-26","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12729,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.08333333333333,35 ], [ -121.08333333333333,35.5 ], [ -120.58333333333333,35.5 ], [ -120.58333333333333,35 ], [ -121.08333333333333,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Janet T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":8564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scheirer, Daniel S. dscheirer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dscheirer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5211466,"text":"5211466 - 2009 - Methods for assessing the conservation value of rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5211466","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Methods for assessing the conservation value of rivers","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessing the Conservation Value of Fresh Waters: An International Perspective","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge","collaboration":"OCLC: 263294896","usgsCitation":"Boon, P., and Freeman, M.C., 2009, Methods for assessing the conservation value of rivers, chap. of Assessing the Conservation Value of Fresh Waters: An International Perspective, p. 142-165.","productDescription":"x, 293","startPage":"142","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a148","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boon, P.J.","contributorId":22468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boon","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508196,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508197,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Boon, P.J.","contributorId":22468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boon","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211448,"text":"5211448 - 2009 - Filling a void: abundance estimation of North American populations of arctic geese using hunter recoveries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5211448","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Filling a void: abundance estimation of North American populations of arctic geese using hunter recoveries","docAbstract":"We consider use of recoveries of marked birds harvested by hunters, in conjunction with continental harvest estimates, for drawing inferences about continental abundance of a select number of goose species. We review assumptions of this method, a version of the Lincoln?Petersen approach, and consider its utility as a tool for making decisions about harvest management in comparison to current sources of information. Finally, we compare such estimates with existing count data, photographic estimates, or other abundance estimates. In most cases, Lincoln estimates are far higher than abundances assumed or perhaps accepted by many waterfowl biologists and managers. Nevertheless, depending on the geographic scope of inference, we suggest that this approach for abundance estimation of arctic geese may have usefulness for retrospective purposes or to assist with harvest management decisions for some species. Lincoln?s estimates may be as close or closer to truth than count, index, or photo data, and can be used with marking efforts currently in place for estimation of survival and harvest rates. Although there are bias issues associated with estimates of both harvest and harvest rate, some of the latter can be addressed with proper allocation of marks to spatially structured populations if subpopulations show heterogeneity in harvest rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York and London","collaboration":"Proceedings of the 2007 EURING Technical Meeting and Workshop held January 14-20, 2007 in Dunedin, New Zealand. OCLC: 213382236 Section V, Wildlife and Conservation Management PDF on file: 7053_Alisauskas.pdf","usgsCitation":"Alisauskas, R., Drake, K., and Nichols, J., 2009, Filling a void: abundance estimation of North American populations of arctic geese using hunter recoveries, chap. of Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 463-489.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1136","startPage":"463","endPage":"489","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4894","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508144,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508143,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, K.L.","contributorId":10005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97577,"text":"ofr20091104 - 2009 - Analysis of Effects of 2003 and Full-Allocation Withdrawals in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"ofr20091104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1104","title":"Analysis of Effects of 2003 and Full-Allocation Withdrawals in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey","docAbstract":"Critical Area 1 in east-central New Jersey was mandated in the early 1980s to address large drawdowns caused by increases in groundwater withdrawals. The aquifers involved include the Englishtown aquifer system, Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, and the Upper and Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers. Groundwater levels recovered as a result of mandated cutbacks in withdrawals that began in the late 1980s. Subsequent increased demand for water has necessitated an analysis to determine the effects of full-allocation withdrawals, which supplements an optimization analysis done previously. A steady-state regional groundwater flow model is used to evaluate the effects of 2003 withdrawals and full-allocation withdrawals (7.3 million gallons per day greater than for 2003) on simulated water-levels. Simulation results indicate that the range of available withdrawals greater than full-allocation withdrawals is likely between 0 and 12 million gallons per day. The estimated range of available withdrawals is based on: (1) an examination of hydraulic-heads resulting from each of the two simulations, (2) an examination of differences in heads between these two simulations, (3) a comparison of simulated heads from each of the two simulations with the estimated location of salty groundwater, and (4) a comparison of simulated 2003 water levels to observed 2003 water levels. The results of the simulations also indicate that obtaining most of the available water would require varying the distribution of withdrawals and (or) relaxing the mandated hydrologic constraints used to protect the water supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Spitz, F.J., 2009, Analysis of Effects of 2003 and Full-Allocation Withdrawals in Critical Area 1, East-Central New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1104, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091104.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39.5 ], [ -75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,39.5 ], [ -75,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spitz, Frederick J. 0000-0002-1391-2127 fspitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-2127","contributorId":2777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fspitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97576,"text":"ofr20091105 - 2009 - Klamath River Water Quality Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"ofr20091105","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1105","title":"Klamath River Water Quality Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008","docAbstract":"This report documents sampling and analytical methods and presents field data from a second year of an ongoing study on the Klamath River from Link River Dam to Keno Dam in south central Oregon; this dataset will form the basis of a hydrodynamic and water quality model. Water quality was sampled weekly at six mainstem and two tributary sites from early April through early November, 2008. Constituents reported herein include field-measured water-column parameters (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, specific conductance); total nitrogen and phosphorus; particulate carbon and nitrogen; total iron; filtered orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrite plus nitrate, ammonia, organic carbon, and iron; specific UV absorbance at 254 nanometers; chlorophyll a; phytoplankton and zooplankton enumeration and species identification; and bacterial abundance and morphological subgroups. Sampling program results indicated:\r\n\r\n*Most nutrient and carbon concentrations were lowest in spring, increased starting in mid-June, remained elevated in the summer, and decreased in fall. Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate had a different seasonal cycle and was below detection or at low concentration in summer. \r\n*Although total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations did not show large differences from upstream to downstream, filtered ammonia and orthophosphate concentrations increased in the downstream direction and particulate carbon and particulate nitrogen generally decreased in the downstream direction. \r\n*Large bacterial cells made up most of the bacteria biovolume, though cocci were the most numerous bacteria type. Cocci, with diameters of 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers, were smaller than the filter pore sizes used to separate dissolved from particulate matter. \r\n*Phytoplankton biovolumes were dominated by diatoms in spring and by the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae after mid-June. Another blue-green, Anabaena flos-aquae, was noted in samples from late May to late June. Phytoplankton biovolumes generally were highest at the upstream Link River and Railroad Bridge sites and decreased in the downstream direction. \r\n*Zooplankton densities were largest in late April. Populations were dominated by rotifers and copepods in early spring, and by rotifers and cladocerans in summer, with cladocerans most common at the most upstream site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., Deas, M., Asbill, J., Kirshtein, J.D., Butler, K.D., and Vaughn, J., 2009, Klamath River Water Quality Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1105, Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes (Zip), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091105.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes (Zip)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,42 ], [ -122,42.333333333333336 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.333333333333336 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42 ], [ -122,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":56317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett","email":"annett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":98830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asbill, Jessica","contributorId":79575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbill","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vaughn, Jennifer","contributorId":33009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156667,"text":"70156667 - 2009 - Acid neutralizing capacity and leachate results for igneous rocks, with associated carbon contents of derived soils, Animas River AML site, Silverton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T16:50:16.312459","indexId":"70156667","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Acid neutralizing capacity and leachate results for igneous rocks, with associated carbon contents of derived soils, Animas River AML site, Silverton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Mine planning efforts have historically overlooked the possible acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) that local igneous rocks can provide to help neutralize acidmine drainage. As a result, limestone has been traditionally hauled to mine sites for use in neutralizing acid drainage. Local igneous rocks, when used as part of mine life-cycle planning and acid mitigation strategy, may reduce the need to transport limestone to mine sites because these rocks can contain acid neutralizing minerals. Igneous hydrothermal events often introduce moderately altered mineral assemblages peripheral to more intensely altered rocks that host metal-bearing veins and ore bodies. These less altered rocks can contain ANC minerals (calcite-chlorite-epidote) and are referred to as a propylitic assemblage. In addition, the carbon contents of soils in areas of new mining or those areas undergoing restoration have been historically unknown. Soil organic carbon is an important constituent to characterize as a soil recovery benchmark that can be referred to during mine cycle planning and restoration. <br/> This study addresses the mineralogy, ANC, and leachate chemistry of propylitic volcanic rocks that host polymetallic mineralization in the Animas River watershed near the historical Silverton, Colorado, mining area. Acid titration tests on volcanic rocks containing calcite (2 – 20 wt %) and chlorite (6 – 25 wt %), have ANC ranging from 4 – 146 kg/ton CaCO<sub>3</sub> equivalence. Results from a 6-month duration, kinetic reaction vessel test containing layered pyritic mine waste and underlying ANC volcanic rock (saturated with deionized water) indicate that acid generating mine waste (pH 2.4) has not overwhelmed the ANC of propylitic volcanic rocks (pH 5.8). Sequential leachate laboratory experiments evaluated the concentration of metals liberated during leaching. Leachate concentrations of Cu-Zn-As-Pb for ANC volcanic rock are one-to-three orders of magnitude lower when compared to leached solution from mine waste used in the kinetic reaction vessel test. This finding suggests that mine waste and not ANC rock may generate the majority of leachable metals in a field scenario. <br/> The organic carbon content of naturally reclaimed soils derived from weathering of propylitically-altered andesite was determined in catchments where ANC studies were initiated. Soils were found to have total carbon concentrations (TOC) that exceed global average soil TOC abundances by as much as 1.5 – 5 times. These data support an environmental management system involving use of ANC rocks as part of life-cycle mine planning to reduce post-mine closure acid mitigation measures. Carbon contents of undisturbed soils in mined catchments can possibly be used to validate post-reclamation success and help quantify carbon sequestration for CO<sub>2</sub> emission offset trading as carbon markets mature.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"26th annual meetings of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation and 11th Billings Land Reclamation Symposium 2009 : Billings, Montana, USA, 30 May-5 June 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Conference of the 26th Annual Meetings of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation and the 11th Billings Land Reclamation Symposium","conferenceDate":"May 30-June 5, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Billings, Montana","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mining & Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Stanton, M.R., Choate, L.M., and Burchell, A., 2009, Acid neutralizing capacity and leachate results for igneous rocks, with associated carbon contents of derived soils, Animas River AML site, Silverton, Colorado, in 26th annual meetings of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation and 11th Billings Land Reclamation Symposium 2009 : Billings, Montana, USA, 30 May-5 June 2009, Billings, Montana, May 30-June 5, 2009, p. 1662-1697.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"1662","endPage":"1697","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011792","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Silverton area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.830810546875,\n 37.72836644908416\n ],\n [\n -107.457275390625,\n 37.72836644908416\n ],\n [\n -107.457275390625,\n 37.88027325525864\n ],\n [\n -107.830810546875,\n 37.88027325525864\n ],\n [\n -107.830810546875,\n 37.72836644908416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8449e4b0824b2d148f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Mark R. mstanton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Mark","email":"mstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burchell, Alison Alison","contributorId":120944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burchell","given":"Alison","suffix":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97571,"text":"sir20095007 - 2009 - Spatially referenced statistical assessment of dissolved-solids load sources and transport in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:18:28","indexId":"sir20095007","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5007","title":"Spatially referenced statistical assessment of dissolved-solids load sources and transport in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"The Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) discharges more than 6 million tons of dissolved solids annually, about 40 to 45 percent of which are attributed to agricultural activities. The U.S. Department of the Interior estimates economic damages related to salinity in excess of $330 million annually in the Colorado River Basin. Salinity in the UCRB, as measured by dissolved-solids load and concentration, has been studied extensively during the past century. Over this period, a solid conceptual understanding of the sources and transport mechanisms of dissolved solids in the basin has been developed. This conceptual understanding was incorporated into the U.S. Geological Survey Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) surface-water quality model to examine statistically the dissolved-solids supply and transport within the UCRB. Geologic and agricultural sources of dissolved solids in the UCRB were defined and represented in the model. On the basis of climatic and hydrologic conditions along with data availability, water year 1991 was selected for examination with SPARROW. \r\n\r\nDissolved-solids loads for 218 monitoring sites were used to calibrate a dissolved-solids SPARROW model for the UCRB. The calibrated model generally captures the transport mechanisms that deliver dissolved solids to streams of the UCRB as evidenced by R2 and yield R2 values of 0.98 and 0.71, respectively. Model prediction error is approximated at 51 percent. Model results indicate that of the seven geologic source groups, the high-yield sedimentary Mesozoic rocks have the largest yield of dissolved solids, about 41.9 tons per square mile (tons/mi2). Irrigated sedimentary-clastic Mesozoic lands have an estimated yield of 1,180 tons/mi2, and irrigated sedimentary-clastic Tertiary lands have an estimated yield of 662 tons/mi2. Coefficients estimated for the seven landscape transport characteristics seem to agree well with the conceptual understanding of the role they play in the delivery of dissolved solids to streams in the UCRB. \r\n\r\nPredictions of dissolved-solids loads were generated for more than 10,000 stream reaches of the stream network defined in the UCRB. From these estimates, the downstream accumulation of dissolved solids, including natural and agricultural components, were examined in selected rivers. Contributions from each of the 11 dissolved-solids sources were also examined at select locations in the Grand, Green, and San Juan Divisions of the UCRB. At the downstream boundary of the UCRB, the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, monitoring site, the dissolved-solids contribution of irrigated agricultural lands and natural sources were about 45 and 57 percent, respectively. Finally, model predictions, including the contributions of natural and agricultural sources for selected locations in the UCRB, were compared with results from two previous studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior - Bureau of Reclamation and Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Kenney, T.A., Gerner, S.J., Buto, S.G., and Spangler, L.E., 2009, Spatially referenced statistical assessment of dissolved-solids load sources and transport in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5007, Report: viii, 50 p.; Plate Package; ReadMe; Guide, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095007.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 50 p.; Plate Package; ReadMe; Guide","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5007.jpg"},{"id":12714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35 ], [ -114,43 ], [ -105,43 ], [ -105,35 ], [ -114,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenney, Terry A. 0000-0003-4477-7295 tkenney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7295","contributorId":447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"Terry","email":"tkenney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97572,"text":"sir20095100 - 2009 - Relation between Streamflow of Swiftcurrent Creek, Montana, and the Geometry of Passage for Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"sir20095100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5100","title":"Relation between Streamflow of Swiftcurrent Creek, Montana, and the Geometry of Passage for Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus)","docAbstract":"Operation of Sherburne Dam in northcentral Montana has typically reduced winter streamflow in Swiftcurrent Creek downstream of the dam and resulted in passage limitations for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). We defined an empirical relation between discharge in Swiftcurrent Creek between Sherburne Dam and the downstream confluence with Boulder Creek and fish passage geometry by considering how the cross-sectional area of water changed as a function of discharge at a set of cross sections likely to limit fish passage. With a minimum passage window of 15 x 45 cm, passage at the cross sections increased strongly with discharge over the range of 1.2 to 24 cfs. Most cross sections did not satisfy the minimum criteria at 1.2 cfs, 25 percent had no passage at 12.7 cfs, whereas at 24 cfs all but one of 26 cross sections had some passage and 90 percent had more than 3 m of width satisfying the minimum criteria. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the overall results are not highly dependent on exact dimensions of the minimum passage window. \r\n\r\nCombining these results with estimates of natural streamflow in the study reach further suggests that natural streamflow provided adequate passage at some times in most months and locations in the study reach, although not for all individual days and locations. Limitations of our analysis include assumptions about minimum passage geometry, measurement error, limitations of the cross-sectional model we used to characterize passage, the relation of Sherburne Dam releases to streamflow in the downstream study reach in the presence of ephemeral accretions, and the relation of passage geometry as we have measured it to fish responses of movement, stranding, and mortality, especially in the presence of ice cover.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Holmquist-Johnson, C., Mogen, J.T., Kaeding, L.R., and Bowen, Z.H., 2009, Relation between Streamflow of Swiftcurrent Creek, Montana, and the Geometry of Passage for Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5100, Report: vi, 18 p.; ReadMe; Data Files (CSV), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095100.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; ReadMe; Data Files (CSV)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, Christopher L.","contributorId":60733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mogen, Jim T.","contributorId":73297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogen","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaeding, Lynn R.","contributorId":92768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaeding","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97570,"text":"ofr20091079 - 2009 - Social and Economic Considerations for Coastal and Watershed Restoration in the Puget Sound, Washington: A Literature Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20091079","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1079","title":"Social and Economic Considerations for Coastal and Watershed Restoration in the Puget Sound, Washington: A Literature Review","docAbstract":"This literature review summarizes and synthesizes the available information regarding the impacts of socioeconomic factors on coastal and watershed restoration in the Puget Sound, Wash. Major topic areas which are explored include: institutions and restoration; beliefs, behaviors, and knowledge about restoration and the environment; stakeholder involvement in restoration, communication of restoration issues, and economic issues in restoration. The review revealed that socioeconomic factors play an important role in determining the designation, process, and success of restoration projects. Socioeconomic factors can facilitate or obstruct restoration, but few large-scale restoration projects emphasize them in either prioritization or monitoring procedures. Additionally, there are substantial gaps in the literature regarding restoration in the Puget Sound across all of the topics addressed in this review. The lack of research makes it difficult to provide a holistic view of the social and economic dimensions of restoration in the Sound but provides opportunity for future research.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091079","usgsCitation":"Stinchfield, H.M., Koontz, L., and Sexton, N.R., 2009, Social and Economic Considerations for Coastal and Watershed Restoration in the Puget Sound, Washington: A Literature Review: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1079, vii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091079.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5eddf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stinchfield, Holly M.","contributorId":100495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinchfield","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":302518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97569,"text":"cir1337 - 2009 - Water Quality in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, 1999-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-05T08:32:00","indexId":"cir1337","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1337","title":"Water Quality in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, 1999-2004","docAbstract":"This report contains the major findings of a 1999-2004 assessment of water quality in the High Plains aquifer. It is one of a series of reports by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program that present major findings for principal and other aquifers and major river basins across the Nation. In these reports, water quality is discussed in terms of local, regional, State, and national issues. Conditions in the aquifer system are compared to conditions found elsewhere and to selected national benchmarks, such as those for drinking-water quality.\r\n\r\nThis report is intended for individuals working with water-resource issues in Federal, State, or local agencies, universities, public interest groups, or the private sector. The information will be useful in addressing a number of current issues, such as drinking-water quality, the effects of agricultural practices on water quality, source-water protection, and monitoring and sampling strategies. This report is also for individuals who wish to know more about the quality of ground water in areas near where they live and how that water quality compares to the quality of water in other areas across the region and the Nation.\r\n\r\nThe water-quality conditions in the High Plains aquifer summarized in this report are discussed in greater detail in other reports that can be accessed in Appendix 1 of http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1749/. Detailed technical information, data and analyses, collection and analytical methodology, models, graphs, and maps that support the findings presented in this report in addition to reports in this series from other basins can be accessed from the national NAWQA Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). This report accompanies the detailed and technical report of water-quality conditions in the High Plains aquifer 'Water-quality assessment of the High Plains aquifer, 1999-2004' (http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1749/)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1337","isbn":"9781411324716","usgsCitation":"Gurdak, J., McMahon, P.B., Dennehy, K., and Qi, S.L., 2009, Water Quality in the High Plains Aquifer, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, 1999-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1337, viii, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1337.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12712,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1337/pdf/C1337.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,31 ], [ -109,44 ], [ -96,44 ], [ -96,31 ], [ -109,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennehy, Kevin","contributorId":106222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129194,"text":"70129194 - 2009 - Experimental removal of wetland emergent vegetation leads to decreased methylmercury production in surface sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T10:15:02","indexId":"70129194","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-01T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental removal of wetland emergent vegetation leads to decreased methylmercury production in surface sediment","docAbstract":"We performed plant removal (devegetation) experiments across a suite of ecologically diverse wetland settings (tidal salt marshes, river floodplain, rotational rice fields, and freshwater wetlands with permanent or seasonal flooding) to determine the extent to which the presence (or absence) of actively growing plants influences the activity of the Hg(II)-methylating microbial community and the availability of Hg(II) to those microbes. Vegetated control plots were paired with neighboring devegetated plots in which photosynthetic input was terminated 4–8 months prior to measurements, through clipping aboveground biomass, severing belowground connections, and shading the sediment surface to prevent regrowth. Across all wetlands, devegetation decreased the activity of the Hg(II)-methylating microbial community (kmeth) by 38%, calculated MeHg production potential (MP) rates by 36%, and pore water acetate concentration by 78%. Decreases in MP were associated with decreases in microbial sulfate reduction in salt marsh settings. In freshwater agricultural wetlands, decreases in MP were related to indices of microbial iron reduction. Sediment MeHg concentrations were also significantly lower in devegetated than in vegetated plots in most wetland settings studied. Devegetation effects were correlated with live root density (percent volume) and were most profound in vegetated sites with higher initial pore water acetate concentrations. Densely rooted wetlands had the highest rates of microbial Hg(II)-methylation activity but often the lowest concentrations of bioavailable reactive Hg(II). We conclude that the exudation of labile organic carbon (e.g., acetate) by plants leads to enhanced microbial sulfate and iron reduction activity in the rhizosphere, which results in high rates of microbial Hg(II)-methyation and high MeHg concentrations in wetland sediment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"William Byrd Press for John Hopkins Press","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000815","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Agee, J.L., Cox, M., Heredia-Middleton, P., Coates, C., and Kakouros, E., 2009, Experimental removal of wetland emergent vegetation leads to decreased methylmercury production in surface sediment: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 114, no. G2, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000815.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-007149","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jg000815","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295474,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000815"},{"id":295475,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008JG000815/full"}],"volume":"114","issue":"G2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775aee4b0f888a81b8314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":91428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heredia-Middleton, Pilar","contributorId":35254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heredia-Middleton","given":"Pilar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coates, Carolyn","contributorId":83046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70003429,"text":"70003429 - 2009 - Feeding ecology of long-tailed ducks Clangula hyemalis wintering on the Nantucket Shoals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T18:25:24.19288","indexId":"70003429","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology of long-tailed ducks Clangula hyemalis wintering on the Nantucket Shoals","docAbstract":"A substantial proportion, perhaps 30%, of the North American breeding population of Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) winter in the vicinity of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. These birds spend the night on Nantucket Sound and commute during daylight hours to the Nantucket Shoals, which extend about 65 km offshore from the southeastern corner of Nantucket. Strip transects done from a single-engine plane in 1997 and 1998 indicated that Long-tailed Ducks foraged over the shallower (≤ 20 m depth) portions of the Nantucket Shoals, up to 70 km offshore. Diet analyses of ten birds collected in February 1999 and five in December 2006 showed that they fed principally (106.6 /- 42.0 individuals per crop) on Gammarus annulatus, a pelagic amphipod that often forms large aggregations, and is consumed by several species of fish and marine mammals. Our findings emphasize the importance of conservation of the Nantucket Shoals and the prevention of oil spills or other potentially harmful accidents.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0209","usgsCitation":"White, T., Veit, R.R., and Perry, M., 2009, Feeding ecology of long-tailed ducks Clangula hyemalis wintering on the Nantucket Shoals: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 2, p. 293-299, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0209.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"299","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Nantucket Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.30975341796875,\n 41.212754601947125\n ],\n [\n -69.90325927734375,\n 41.212754601947125\n ],\n [\n -69.90325927734375,\n 41.43243112846178\n ],\n [\n -70.30975341796875,\n 41.43243112846178\n ],\n [\n -70.30975341796875,\n 41.212754601947125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5da1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Timothy P.","contributorId":81617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Timothy P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veit, Richard R.","contributorId":83250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veit","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":91601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70258669,"text":"70258669 - 2009 - Biofuels, water resources and climate change: Solving the sustainability puzzle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-20T13:33:27.478206","indexId":"70258669","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-31T08:25:07","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biofuels, water resources and climate change: Solving the sustainability puzzle","docAbstract":"Nebraska is now the second-largest producer of corn ethanol in the U.S. This is largely because of the state’s comparative advantages. For one, the state’s water resources enable a huge capacity for irrigation – Nebraska ranks second in irrigated crop acres, behind California. Nebraska is the third-largest corn producer in the U.S., with 75 percent of the crop irrigated. The state also produces nearly 5 million acres of soybeans, half of them irrigated. Both provide a large, dependable supply of feedstock for production of ethanol and other biofuels. Nebraska’s cattle feeding industry, with more than 4.5 million head on feed, utilizes ethanol byproducts such as distillers grains and enables biorefinery systems to attain high energy efficiency and profitability. This powerful nexus of agriculture, water and biofuels is highly vulnerable to changes in climate. The panelists represented a cross-section of these interests, including a manager of the state’s longest-operating ethanol plant, a farmer with extensive knowledge of ethanol production, the administrator of the state ethanol board and a project manager from a federal agency charged with tracking land use and its ties to biofuel production and climate change.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings from the 2008 climate change workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska","usgsCitation":"Holzfaster, R., Kristensen, D., Sneller, T., Tieszen, L.L., and Cassman, K., 2009, Biofuels, water resources and climate change: Solving the sustainability puzzle, in Proceedings from the 2008 climate change workshop, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/researchecondev/7/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.14806,42.840013],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.056625,42.770781],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.013046,42.762299],[-98.005739,42.764167],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.248556,42.855386],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.806223,42.704154],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.423892,42.48898],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.381307,42.461694],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.413895,42.343393],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.384169,42.325874],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.368454,42.291848],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.356406,42.276493],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.327706,42.249992],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.322868,42.233637],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.356591,42.215182],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.347243,42.186721],[-96.350323,42.17744],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.33798,42.157197],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.301023,42.128042],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.266594,42.103262],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.276758,42.081416],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.278445,42.060399],[-96.275548,42.051976],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.263886,42.039858],[-96.256087,42.03808],[-96.246832,42.041616],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.221901,42.029558],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.238859,42.012315],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.240713,41.999351],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.225463,41.994734],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.206083,42.009267],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.188067,42.006323],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.177203,41.976325],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.129505,41.971673],[-96.129186,41.965136],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.136613,41.927167],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.142265,41.915379],[-96.159098,41.910057],[-96.161988,41.905553],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.146083,41.874988],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.135253,41.863128],[-96.116202,41.854869],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.107911,41.840339],[-96.11081,41.828172],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.09827,41.814206],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.069662,41.803509],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.066413,41.788913],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.084673,41.753314],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.105582,41.731647],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.073376,41.710674],[-96.073063,41.705004],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.090579,41.697425],[-96.105119,41.699917],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.117751,41.694221],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.114978,41.67122],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.095415,41.652736],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.101496,41.59158],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.082406,41.571229],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.08822,41.530595],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.036603,41.509047],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.027289,41.541081],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.016474,41.546085],[-96.005079,41.544004],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.993891,41.523412],[-95.992833,41.512002],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-96.019224,41.489296],[-96.019542,41.486617],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-96.004708,41.472342],[-95.982962,41.469778],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-95.946465,41.466166],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.925713,41.459382],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.921833,41.442062],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.93749,41.393095],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93099,41.364696],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.88869,41.319097],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.874689,41.307097],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.872889,41.289497],[-95.88239,41.281397],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.293497],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.920291,41.301097],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.929591,41.292297],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.920391,41.268398],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.921291,41.258498],[-95.910891,41.233998],[-95.912591,41.226998],[-95.924891,41.211198],[-95.927491,41.202198],[-95.923219,41.191046],[-95.91459,41.185098],[-95.864789,41.188298],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.844088,41.180598],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.841888,41.171098],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.852788,41.165398],[-95.867344,41.168734],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.880936,41.160269],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.86545,41.101266],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865463,41.080367],[-95.878103,41.069587],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.879487,41.053299],[-95.861782,41.039427],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.860116,40.995242],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.833537,40.98266],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.829829,40.963857],[-95.837951,40.950618],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.830699,40.915004],[-95.814302,40.902936],[-95.809775,40.895447],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.824989,40.875],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.844073,40.869248],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.838601,40.826175],[-95.843921,40.817686],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.843745,40.803783],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.869982,40.759645],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.888697,40.736292],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.859378,40.708055],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.847931,40.694197],[-95.846034,40.682605],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.804307,40.664886],[-95.786568,40.657253],[-95.772832,40.642496],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.749685,40.606842],[-95.748858,40.599965],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.768527,40.583296],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.774704,40.573574],[-95.763833,40.553873],[-95.763624,40.548298],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.76692,40.531563],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.74868,40.524275],[-95.73725,40.52393],[-95.725214,40.527773],[-95.714291,40.527208],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.69721,40.528477],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.697281,40.536985],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.665486,40.556686],[-95.662097,40.549959],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655674,40.523557],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694726,40.493602],[-95.696756,40.478849],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.671742,40.456695],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.65563,40.434736],[-95.661463,40.415947],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.627124,40.3528],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.622704,40.340856],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.633807,40.329297],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.657764,40.315788],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.651507,40.306684],[-95.645329,40.305693],[-95.617931,40.313728],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.598657,40.309809],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.55162,40.288666],[-95.551488,40.281061],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.472548,40.236078],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.471393,40.217333],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.48254,40.192283],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.442818,40.163261],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.432165,40.141025],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.419186,40.130586],[-95.409481,40.130052],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.410643,40.091531],[-95.408455,40.079158],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.418345,40.066509],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.41932,40.048442],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.402665,40.030567],[-95.391527,40.027058],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.363983,40.031498],[-95.348777,40.029297],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.311163,40.007806],[-95.30829,39.999998],[-98.193483,40.002614],[-99.756835,40.001342],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.053249,41.001406]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nebraska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzfaster, Ralph","contributorId":344356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holzfaster","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kristensen, Duane","contributorId":344357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kristensen","given":"Duane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sneller, Todd","contributorId":344358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sneller","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":913615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cassman, Kenneth","contributorId":344359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassman","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97565,"text":"sir20085202 - 2009 - Nutrient Trends in Streams and Rivers of the United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"sir20085202","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5202","title":"Nutrient Trends in Streams and Rivers of the United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Trends in streamflow and concentrations and loads of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and nitrate were determined for the period from 1993 to 2003 in selected streams and ricers of the United States. Flow-adjusted trends in concentration (the trends that would have occurred in the absence of natural chances in streamflow), non-flow-adjusted trends in concentration (the trends resulting from both natural and human factors), and trends in load (trends in the nutrient mass transported downstream) were determined, and the results were examined spatially to determine whether a consistent pattern of trends occurred across groups of sites at multiple locations. Relations between the trends and changes in nutrient sources and streamflow are examined. See document for complete abstract.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085202","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., Mueller, D.K., Schwarz, G., and Lorenz, D.L., 2009, Nutrient Trends in Streams and Rivers of the United States, 1993-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5202, viii, 196 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085202.","productDescription":"viii, 196 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4895e4b07f02db522916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}