The population of emperor geese (Chen canagica) in western Alaska, USA, declined by >50% from the 1960s to the mid‐1980s and has increased only slightly since. Rates of population increase among arctic geese are especially sensitive to changes in adult survival. Improving adult survival in seasons or geographic areas where survival is low may be the best means of increasing the emperor goose population. We monitored fates of 133 adult female emperor geese that were radiomarked with surgically implanted very high frequency or satellite radiotransmitters from 1999 to 2004 to assess whether monthly survival varied among years, seasons, or geographic areas. Because of uncertainties in determining whether a bird had died based on the radio signal, we analyzed 2 versions of the data. One version used conservative criteria to identify which birds had died based on radio signals and the other used more liberal criteria. In the conservative version of the data we detected 12 mortalities of emperor geese, whereas in the liberal interpretation there were 18 mortalities. In both versions, the models with greatest support indicated that monthly survival varied seasonally and that compared to most seasons estimated monthly survival was lower (φ = 0.95–0.98) in May and August when emperor geese were mainly on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta. From 44% to 47% of annual mortality occurred in those months. Estimated monthly survival was higher (φ = 0.98–1.0) from September through March when emperor geese were at autumn staging or wintering areas and in June and July when birds were nesting, rearing broods, or molting. Estimated annual survival was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77–0.92) in the best‐supported model when we used conservative criteria to identify mortalities and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.74–0.85) under the best model using liberal mortality criteria. Lower survival in August and May corresponded to periods when subsistence harvest of emperor geese was likely highest. Managers may be able to most effectively influence population growth rate of emperor geese by reducing subsistence harvest on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta in May and August.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Schmutz, J.A., and Ely, C.R., 2008, Seasonal survival of radiomarked emperor geese in western Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1584-1595.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1584","endPage":"1595","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378317,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2193/2007-358"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 51.481382896100975\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 51.481382896100975\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 63.3324127919358\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 63.3324127919358\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 51.481382896100975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88dbe4b08c986b316be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031923,"text":"70031923 - 2008 - Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031923","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that the spatial distribution of mineral deposits is bifractal. An implication of this property is that the number of deposits in a permissive area is a function of the shape of the area. This is because the fractal density functions of deposits are dependent on the distance from known deposits. A long thin permissive area with most of the deposits in one end, such as the Alaskan porphyry permissive area, has a major portion of the area far from known deposits and consequently a low density of deposits associated with most of the permissive area. On the other hand, a more equi-dimensioned permissive area, such as the Arizona porphyry permissive area, has a more uniform density of deposits. Another implication of the fractal distribution is that the Poisson assumption typically used for estimating deposit numbers is invalid. Based on datasets of mineral deposits classified by type as inputs, the distributions of many different deposit types are found to have characteristically two fractal dimensions over separate non-overlapping spatial scales in the range of 5-1000 km. In particular, one typically observes a local dimension at spatial scales less than 30-60 km, and a regional dimension at larger spatial scales. The deposit type, geologic setting, and sample size influence the fractal dimensions. The consequence of the geologic setting can be diminished by using deposits classified by type. The crossover point between the two fractal domains is proportional to the median size of the deposit type. A plot of the crossover points for porphyry copper deposits from different geologic domains against median deposit sizes defines linear relationships and identifies regions that are significantly underexplored. Plots of the fractal dimension can also be used to define density functions from which the number of undiscovered deposits can be estimated. This density function is only dependent on the distribution of deposits and is independent of the definition of the permissive area. Density functions for porphyry copper deposits appear to be significantly different for regions in the Andes, Mexico, United States, and western Canada. Consequently, depending on which regional density function is used, quite different estimates of numbers of undiscovered deposits can be obtained. These fractal properties suggest that geologic studies based on mapping at scales of 1:24,000 to 1:100,000 may not recognize processes that are important in the formation of mineral deposits at scales larger than the crossover points at 30-60 km. ?? 2008 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2008, Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?: Natural Resources Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5be4b0c8380cd4976a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033065,"text":"70033065 - 2008 - Laboratory and field evaluation of a flushable oxic limestone drain for treatment of net-acidic drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033065","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory and field evaluation of a flushable oxic limestone drain for treatment of net-acidic drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"This paper demonstrates the use of dissolution-rate data obtained in the laboratory to indicate the potential quality of effluent from a field-scale oxic limestone drain (OLD) treatment system for neutralization of dilute acidic mine drainage (AMD). Effluent from the Reevesdale Mine South Dip Tunnel, a large source of AMD and base flow to the Wabash Creek and Little Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield of east-central Pennsylvania, is representative of AMD with low concentrations but high loadings of dissolved Fe, Al and other metals because of a high flow rate. In January 2003, rapid neutralization of the AMD from the Reevesdale Mine was achieved in laboratory tests of its reaction rate with crushed limestone in closed, collapsible containers (Cubitainers). The tests showed that net-alkaline effluent could be achieved with retention times greater than 3 h and that effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates were equivalent for Fe(OH)3-coated and uncoated limestone. On the basis of the laboratory results, a flushable OLD containing 1450 metric tons of high-purity calcitic limestone followed by two 0.7-m deep wetlands were constructed at the Reevesdale Mine. During the first year of operation, monthly data at the inflow, outflow and intermediate points within the treatment system were collected (April 2006-2007). The inflow to the treatment system ranged from 6.8 to 27.4 L/s, with median pH of 4.7, net acidity of 9.1 mg/L CaCO3, and concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe and Mn of 1.0, 1.9 and 0.89 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding effluent from the OLD had computed void-volume retention times of 4.5-18 h, with median pH of 6.6, net acidity of -93.2 mg/L CaCO3, and concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe and Mn of <0.1, 0.08 and 0.52 mg/L, respectively. The wetlands below the OLD were effective for retaining metal-rich solids flushed at monthly or more frequent intervals from the OLD, but otherwise had little effect on the effluent quality. During the first year of operation, approximately 43 metric tons of limestone were dissolved and 2 metric tons of Al, Fe and Mn were precipitated within the OLD. However, because of the accumulation of these metals within the OLD and possibly other debris from the mine, the effectiveness of the treatment system declined. Despite the installation of a flush-pipe network at the base of the OLD to remove precipitated solids, the limestone bed clogged near the inflow. Consequently, a large fraction of the AMD bypassed the treatment system. To promote flow through the OLD, the flush pipes were open continuously during the last 4 months of the study; however, this effluent was only partially treated because short-circuiting through the pipes decreased contact between the effluent and limestone. A reconfiguration of the flow path through the limestone bed from horizontal to vertical upward could increase the limestone surface area exposed to the metal-laden influent, increase the cross-sectional area perpendicular to flow, decrease the flow path for solids removal, and, consequently, decrease potential for clogging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.015","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2008, Laboratory and field evaluation of a flushable oxic limestone drain for treatment of net-acidic drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 12, p. 3404-3422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.015.","startPage":"3404","endPage":"3422","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213387,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.015"},{"id":241010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40fee4b0c8380cd651fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033155,"text":"70033155 - 2008 - Patterns of volcanotectonic seismicity and stress during the ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995-2007)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T13:33:23","indexId":"70033155","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of volcanotectonic seismicity and stress during the ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995-2007)","docAbstract":"The ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, has been accompanied throughout by varying levels of high-frequency, ‘volcanotectonic’ (VT), seismicity. These earthquakes reflect the brittle response of the host rock to stresses generated within the magmatic system and thus reveal interesting and useful information about the structure of the volcanic conduit system and processes occurring within it. In general, systematic changes in the rate, location, and fault-plane solutions of VT earthquakes correspond to changes in the volcano's behavior, and indicate that the main conduit for the eruption is a dike or system of dikes trending NE–SW and centered beneath the eruptive vent. To date, the eruption has comprised three extrusive phases, separated by two ~ 1–2 year-long periods of residual activity. Prior to the start of each extrusive phase, VT earthquakes with fault-plane solution p-axes oriented perpendicular to inferred regional maximum compression dominate the data set, consistent with stresses induced by the inflation of the mid-level conduit system. ~ 90°-rotated VT fault-plane solutions are also observed preceding a change in eruption style from effusive to explosive in 1997. While increases in the rate of VT earthquakes precede eruption phase onsets, high rates of VT seismicity are also observed during the first period of residual activity and in this case appear to reflect the relaxation of host rock following withdrawal of magma from the mid-crustal system. Most VT earthquakes are located directly beneath the eruptive vent, although two ‘distal VT clusters’ were observed during the first six months of the eruption (late 1995–early 1996). Both of these distal clusters likely resulted from stresses generated during the establishment of the main conduit system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.014","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Roman, D., De Angelis, S., Latchman, J., and White, R., 2008, Patterns of volcanotectonic seismicity and stress during the ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995-2007): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 173, no. 3-4, p. 230-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.014"}],"state":"Montserrat","otherGeospatial":"Soufriere Hills Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.19257354736328,\n 16.6875015056279\n ],\n [\n -62.19257354736328,\n 16.730249010617833\n ],\n [\n -62.143821716308594,\n 16.730249010617833\n ],\n [\n -62.143821716308594,\n 16.6875015056279\n ],\n [\n -62.19257354736328,\n 16.6875015056279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"173","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75efe4b0c8380cd77e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, D.C.","contributorId":52372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Angelis, S.","contributorId":99781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Angelis","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Latchman, J.L.","contributorId":87311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latchman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Rickie","contributorId":100921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Rickie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031722,"text":"70031722 - 2008 - Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031722","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Because there is a paucity of information on the mineral requirements of free-ranging deer, data are needed from clinically healthy deer to provide a basis for the diagnosis of mineral deficiencies. To our knowledge, no reports are available on baseline hepatic mineral concentrations from sympatric white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using different habitats in the Northern Great Plains. We assessed variation in hepatic minerals of female white-tailed deer (n=42) and mule deer (n=41). Deer were collected in February and August 2002 and 2003 from study areas in Custer and Pennington Counties, South Dakota, in and adjacent to a wildfire burn. Hepatic samples were tested for levels (parts per million; ppm) of aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), thalium (T1), and zinc (Zn). We predicted that variability in element concentrations would occur between burned and unburned habitat due to changes in plant communities and thereby forage availability. We determined that Zn, Cu, and Ba values differed (P???0.05) between habitats. Because of the nutritional demands of gestation and lactation, we hypothesized that elemental concentrations would vary depending on reproductive status; Cd, Cu, Ca, P, Mn, Mo, Na, and Zn values differed (P???0.05) by reproductive status. We also hypothesized that, due to variation in feeding strategies and morphology between deer species, hepatic elemental concentrations would reflect dietary differences; Ca, Cu, K, Co, Mo, Se, and Zn differed (P???0.05) between species. Further research is needed to determine causes of variation in hepatic mineral levels due to habitat, reproductive status, and species. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, T., Jenks, J., Leslie, D., and Neiger, R., 2008, Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 44, no. 2, p. 341-350.","startPage":"341","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a305fe4b0c8380cd5d5c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, T.J.","contributorId":67288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neiger, R.D.","contributorId":63562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiger","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031729,"text":"70031729 - 2008 - Monitoring volcanic threats using ASTER satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T14:51:15.29859","indexId":"70031729","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring volcanic threats using ASTER satellite data","docAbstract":"This document summarizes ongoing activities associated with a research project funded by the national aeronautics and space administration (NASA) focusing on volcanic change detection through the use of satellite imagery. This work includes systems development as well as improvements in data analysis methods. Participating organizations include the NASA land processes distributed active archive center (LP DAAC) at the U.S. geological survey (USGS) center for earth resources observation and science (EROS), the Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) science team, the Alaska volcano observatory (AVO) at the USGS Alaska science center, the jet propulsion laboratory/California Institute of Technology (JPL/CalTech), the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2007","conferenceDate":"Jun 23-28, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423900","usgsCitation":"Duda, K.A., Wessels, R., Ramsey, M., and Dehn, J., 2008, Monitoring volcanic threats using ASTER satellite data, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Barcelona, Spain, Jun 23-28, 2007, p. 4669-4670, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423900.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4669","endPage":"4670","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dfce4b0c8380cd7071f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, K. A.","contributorId":88560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wessels, R. 0000-0001-9711-6402","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-6402","contributorId":33924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, M.","contributorId":105124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dehn, J.","contributorId":36731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033362,"text":"70033362 - 2008 - Importance of physical and hydraulic characteristics to unionid mussels: A retrospective analysis in a reach of large river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033362","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of physical and hydraulic characteristics to unionid mussels: A retrospective analysis in a reach of large river","docAbstract":"Interest in understanding physical and hydraulic factors that might drive distribution and abundance of freshwater mussels has been increasing due to their decline throughout North America. We assessed whether the spatial distribution of unionid mussels could be predicted from physical and hydraulic variables in a reach of the Upper Mississippi River. Classification and regression tree (CART) models were constructed using mussel data compiled from various sources and explanatory variables derived from GIS coverages. Prediction success of CART models for presence-absence of mussels ranged from 71 to 76% across three gears (brail, sled-dredge, and dive-quadrat) and 51% of the deviance in abundance. Models were largely driven by shear stress and substrate stability variables, but interactions with simple physical variables, especially slope, were also important. Geospatial models, which were based on tree model results, predicted few mussels in poorly connected backwater areas (e.g., floodplain lakes) and the navigation channel, whereas main channel border areas with high geomorphic complexity (e.g., river bends, islands, side channel entrances) and small side channels were typically favorable to mussels. Moreover, bootstrap aggregation of discharge-specific regression tree models of dive-quadrat data indicated that variables measured at low discharge were about 25% more predictive (PMSE = 14.8) than variables measured at median discharge (PMSE = 20.4) with high discharge (PMSE = 17.1) variables intermediate. This result suggests that episodic events such as droughts and floods were important in structuring mussel distributions. Although the substantial mussel and ancillary data in our study reach is unusual, our approach to develop exploratory statistical and geospatial models should be useful even when data are more limited. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., Newton, T., Steuer, J.J., Bartsch, M., and Sauer, J., 2008, Importance of physical and hydraulic characteristics to unionid mussels: A retrospective analysis in a reach of large river: Hydrobiologia, v. 598, no. 1, p. 343-360, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1.","startPage":"343","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1"},{"id":241066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"598","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393fe4b0c8380cd61869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sauer, J.S.","contributorId":106455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033366,"text":"70033366 - 2008 - Constraints on the Pleistocene chronology of sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033366","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the Pleistocene chronology of sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge","docAbstract":"Despite its importance in the global climate system, age-calibrated marine geologic records reflecting the evolultion of glacial cycles through the Pleistocene are largely absent from the central Arctic Ocean. This is especially true for sediments older than 200 ka. Three sites cored during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program's Expedition 302, the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), provide a 27 m continuous sedimentary section from the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean. Two key biostratigraphic datums and constraints from the magnetic inclination data are used to anchor the chronology of these sediments back to the base of the Cobb Mountain subchron (1215 ka). Beyond 1215 ka, two best fitting geomagnetic models are used to investigate the nature of cyclostratigraphic change. Within this chronology we show that bulk and mineral magnetic properties of the sediments vary on predicted Milankovitch frequencies. These cyclic variations record \"glacial\" and \"interglacial\" modes of sediment deposition on the Lomonosov Ridge as evident in studies of ice-rafted debris and stable isotopic and faunal assemblages for the last two glacial cycles and were used to tune the age model. Potential errors, which largely arise from uncertainties in the nature of downhole paleomagnetic variability, and the choice of a tuning target are handled by defining an error envelope that is based on the best fitting cyclostratigraphic and geomagnetic solutions. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007PA001551","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"O’Regan, M., King, J., Backman, J., Jakobsson, M., Palike, H., Moran, K., Heil, C., Sakamoto, T., Cronin, T.M., and Jordan, R., 2008, Constraints on the Pleistocene chronology of sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge: Paleoceanography, v. 23, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001551.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487757,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1699","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001551"},{"id":241102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa0ce4b0c8380cd4d8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Regan, M.","contributorId":38361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Regan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, J.","contributorId":100143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Backman, J.","contributorId":49596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jakobsson, M.","contributorId":86970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palike, H.","contributorId":64021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palike","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, K.","contributorId":96479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heil, C.","contributorId":68954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heil","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sakamoto, T.","contributorId":31573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jordan, R.W.","contributorId":42032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70033374,"text":"70033374 - 2008 - The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"We used growth and diet data from a fishery-independent survey of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, acoustic estimates of prey density and biomass, and statistical catch-at-age modeling to study the influence of the year-class strength of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus on the prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan during the years 1992-1996 and 2001-2005. Alewives age 2 or younger were a large part of age-1 Chinook salmon diets but were not selectively fed upon by age-1 Chinook salmon in most years. Feeding by age-1 Chinook salmon on alewives age 2 or younger became selective as the biomass of alewives in that young age bracket increased, and age-1 Chinook salmon also fed selectively on young bloaters Coregonus hoyi when bloater density was high. Selection of older alewives decreased at high densities of alewives age 2 or younger and, in some cases, high densities of bloater. The weight and condition of age-1 Chinook salmon were not related to age-1 Chinook salmon abundance or prey abundance, but the abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in year t was positively related to the density of age-0 alewives in year t - 1. Our results suggest that alewife year-class strength exerts a positive bottom-up influence on age-1 Chinook salmon abundance, prey switching behavior by young Chinook salmon contributing to the stability of the predator-prey relationship between Chinook salmon and alewives. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-130.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Kiley, C., Claramunt, R., and Clapp, D., 2008, The influence of alewife year-class strength on prey selection and abundance of age-1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1683-1700, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1.","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1700","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-130.1"},{"id":241106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad0ee4b08c986b32394a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiley, C.S.","contributorId":20985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiley","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claramunt, R.M.","contributorId":38760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clapp, D.F.","contributorId":90544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031924,"text":"70031924 - 2008 - Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: The role of composite variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031924","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: The role of composite variables","docAbstract":"Structural equation modeling (SEM) holds the promise of providing natural scientists the capacity to evaluate complex multivariate hypotheses about ecological systems. Building on its predecessors, path analysis and factor analysis, SEM allows for the incorporation of both observed and unobserved (latent) variables into theoretically-based probabilistic models. In this paper we discuss the interface between theory and data in SEM and the use of an additional variable type, the composite. In simple terms, composite variables specify the influences of collections of other variables and can be helpful in modeling heterogeneous concepts of the sort commonly of interest to ecologists. While long recognized as a potentially important element of SEM, composite variables have received very limited use, in part because of a lack of theoretical consideration, but also because of difficulties that arise in parameter estimation when using conventional solution procedures. In this paper we present a framework for discussing composites and demonstrate how the use of partially-reduced-form models can help to overcome some of the parameter estimation and evaluation problems associated with models containing composites. Diagnostic procedures for evaluating the most appropriate and effective use of composites are illustrated with an example from the ecological literature. It is argued that an ability to incorporate composite variables into structural equation models may be particularly valuable in the study of natural systems, where concepts are frequently multifaceted and the influence of suites of variables are often of interest. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10651-007-0047-7","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., and Bollen, K., 2008, Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: The role of composite variables: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 15, no. 2, p. 191-213, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-007-0047-7.","startPage":"191","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214773,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10651-007-0047-7"},{"id":242523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa883e4b0c8380cd8594e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollen, K.A.","contributorId":35143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollen","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032935,"text":"70032935 - 2008 - Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T14:35:55","indexId":"70032935","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon","docAbstract":"Forecasts of climate change for the Pacific northwestern United States predict warmer temperatures, increased winter precipitation, and drier summers. Prediction of forest growth responses to these climate fluctuations requires identification of climatic variables limiting tree growth, particularly at limits of free species distributions. We addressed this problem at the pine-woodland ecotone using tree-ring data for western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Loud.) from southern Oregon. Annual growth chronologies for 1950-2000 were developed for each species at 17 locations. Correlation and linear regression of climate-growth relationships revealed that radial growth in both species is highly dependent on October-June precipitation events that recharge growing season soil water. Mean annual radial growth for the nine driest years suggests that annual growth in both species is more sensitive to drought at lower elevations and sites with steeper slopes and sandy or rocky soils. Future increases in winter precipitation could increase productivity in both species at the pine-woodland ecotone. Growth responses, however, will also likely vary across landscape features, and our findings suggest that heightened sensitivity to future drought periods and increased temperatures in the two species will predominantly occur at lower elevation sites with poor water-holding capacities. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/X08-142","issn":"00455","usgsCitation":"Knutson, K., and Pyke, D., 2008, Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 3021-3032, https://doi.org/10.1139/X08-142.","startPage":"3021","endPage":"3032","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213412,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X08-142"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd00ce4b08c986b32ec54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, K.C.","contributorId":78557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, D.A.","contributorId":62713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032743,"text":"70032743 - 2008 - A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70032743","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law","docAbstract":"A statistical framework is introduced that resolves important problems with the interpretation and use of traditional Horton regression statistics. The framework is based on a univariate regression model that leads to an alternative expression for Horton ratio, connects Horton regression statistics to distributional simple scaling, and improves the accuracy in estimating Horton plot parameters. The model is used to examine data for drainage area A and mainstream length L from two groups of basins located in different physiographic settings. Results show that confidence intervals for the Horton plot regression statistics are quite wide. Nonetheless, an analysis of covariance shows that regression intercepts, but not regression slopes, can be used to distinguish between basin groups. The univariate model is generalized to include n > 1 dependent variables. For the case where the dependent variables represent ln A and ln L, the generalized model performs somewhat better at distinguishing between basin groups than two separate univariate models. The generalized model leads to a modification of Hack's law where L depends on both A and Strahler order ??. Data show that ?? plays a statistically significant role in the modified Hack's law expression. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002","issn":"01695","usgsCitation":"Furey, P., and Troutman, B., 2008, A consistent framework for Horton regression statistics that leads to a modified Hack's law: Geomorphology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 603-614, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002.","startPage":"603","endPage":"614","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.002"},{"id":241737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e396e4b0c8380cd460fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furey, P.R.","contributorId":11015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furey","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033467,"text":"70033467 - 2008 - Demography and ecology of mangrove diamondback terrapins in a wilderness area of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033467","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography and ecology of mangrove diamondback terrapins in a wilderness area of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are distributed in brackish water habitats along the U.S. east coast from Massachusetts to Texas, but many populations may be in decline. Whereas ample morphological, behavioral, and reproductive information has been collected for terrapins living in temperate salt marsh habitats, comparatively little is known about mangrove terrapins. To understand population structure of mangrove M. terrapin living in a wilderness area, we conducted a capture-recapture study in the remote, protected Big Sable Creek complex of Everglades National Park, Florida. The goals of the study were to collect baseline demographic data and to compare population structure and growth rates of mangrove terrapins with what is known for more well studied salt marsh terrapins in locations that experience human-imposed threats. We marked 300 terrapins; the sex ratio was 1 female:1.2 males. Considerable sexual size dimorphism was apparent, with reproductively mature females three times larger (by mass) than mature males. Eighty percent of females and 94% of males were classified as mature, based on straight plastron length (SPL). For a subset of terrapins not yet at maximum size (n = 39), we measured growth as a change in straight carapace length over time of 0.3-26.4 mm/yr for females (n = 26) and 0.9-14.5 mm/yr for males (n = 13). Our study presents the first demographic data on mangrove M. terrapin in the coastal Everglades. ?? 2008 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1643/CE-06-161","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Hart, K., and McIvor, C., 2008, Demography and ecology of mangrove diamondback terrapins in a wilderness area of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA: Copeia, no. 1, p. 200-208, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-06-161.","startPage":"200","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CE-06-161"},{"id":242048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe87e4b0c8380cd4ed96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, K.M. 0000-0002-5257-7974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":7483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIvor, C.C.","contributorId":38104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033462,"text":"70033462 - 2008 - Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:54:37","indexId":"70033462","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land","docAbstract":"Research was conducted to develop a method for obtaining floating pan evaporation rates in a small (less than 10,000 m2) wetland, lagoon, or pond. Floating pan and land pan evaporation data were collected from March 1 to August 31, 2005, at a small natural wetland located in the alluvium of the Canadian River near Norman, Oklahoma, at the U.S. Geological Survey Norman Landfill Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Site. Floating pan evaporation rates were compared with evaporation rates from a nearby standard Class A evaporation pan on land. Floating pan evaporation rates were significantly less than land pan evaporation rates for the entire period and on a monthly basis. Results indicated that the use of a floating evaporation pan in a small free‐water surface better simulates actual physical conditions on the water surface that control evaporation. Floating pan to land pan ratios were 0.82 for March, 0.87 for April, 0.85 for May, 0.85 for June, 0.79 for July, and 0.69 for August.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Masoner, J., Stannard, D., and Christenson, S.C., 2008, Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 3, p. 552-561, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476745,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214272,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00eee4b0c8380cd4f9cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stannard, D.I.","contributorId":100884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031746,"text":"70031746 - 2008 - Historical and current environmental influences on an endemic great plains fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031746","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical and current environmental influences on an endemic great plains fish","docAbstract":"Native fishes of the Great Plains are at risk of decline due to disturbances to physical habitat caused by changes in land and water use, as well as shifts in species assemblages driven by the invasion of introduced species with the loss of natives. We used historical and current fish assemblage data in conjunction with current habitat information to assess these influences on an endemic Great Plains stream fish, the plains topminnow (Fundulus sciadicus). Of the 31 sites where the plains topminnow occurred historically (1939-1940), it was found in only seven of those sites in 2003-2005. Our results demonstrate a shift in fish assemblage over time that coincides with the loss of plains topminnow. Changes in fish assemblages were characterized by increases in occurrence of exotic, invasive and generalist species with declines in occurrences of native fishes. An information theoretic approach was used to evaluate candidate models of current fish assemblage and physical/chemical habitat on the presence of the plains topminnow. Candidate models that included both instream habitat (e.g., vegetation coverage, undercut banks) and the native fish species assemblage are important to predicting presence of the plains topminnow within its historic range. Conservation of Great Plains fishes including the plains topminnow will need a combination of habitat protection and enhancement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[364:HACEIO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J.R., and Paukert, C., 2008, Historical and current environmental influences on an endemic great plains fish: American Midland Naturalist, v. 159, no. 2, p. 364-377, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[364:HACEIO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"364","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[364:HACEIO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a317ae4b0c8380cd5df5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, John R.","contributorId":100326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033389,"text":"70033389 - 2008 - Northerly surface winds over the eastern North Pacific Ocean in spring and summer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033389","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northerly surface winds over the eastern North Pacific Ocean in spring and summer","docAbstract":"Persistent spring and summer northerly surface winds are the defining climatological feature of the western coast of North America, especially south of the Oregon coast. Northerly surface winds are important for upwelling and a vast array of other biological, oceanic, and atmospheric processes. Intermittence in northerly coastal surface wind is characterized and wind events are quantitatively defined using coastal buoy data south of Cape Mendocino on the northern California coast. The defined wind events are then used as a basis for composites in order to explain the spatial evolution of various atmospheric and oceanic processes. Wind events involve large-scale changes in the three-dimensional atmospheric circulation including the eastern North Pacific subtropical anticyclone and southeast trade winds. Composites of QSCAT satellite scatterometer wind estimates from 1999 to 2005 based on a single coastal buoy indicate that wind events typically last 72-96 h and result in anomalies in surface wind and Ekman pumping that extend over 1000 kin from the west coast of North America. It may be useful to consider ocean circulation and dependent ecosystem dynamics and the distribution of temperature, moisture, and aerosols in the atmospheric boundary layer in the context of wind events defined herein. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JD008053","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Taylor, S., Cayan, D., Graham, N., and Georgakakos, K., 2008, Northerly surface winds over the eastern North Pacific Ocean in spring and summer: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008053.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476804,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008053"},{"id":241207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6831e4b0c8380cd73675","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, S.V.","contributorId":90117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, N.E.","contributorId":68920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Georgakakos, K.P.","contributorId":59197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgakakos","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033392,"text":"70033392 - 2008 - Identification of spectral units on Phoebe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033392","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of spectral units on Phoebe","docAbstract":"We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by medium and high spatial resolution, to perform a raw spectral classification of the surface of Phoebe. The combination of statistics and comparative analysis of the different areas using both the VIMS and ISS data is explored in order to highlight possible correlations with the surface geology. In general, the results by Clark et al. [Clark, R.N., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Nelson, R.M., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Lunine, J., Hoefen, T., Curchin, J.M., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Matz, K.-D., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., 2005. Nature 435, 66-69] are confirmed; but we also identify new signatures not reported before, such as the aliphatic CH stretch at 3.53 ??m and the ???4.4 ??m feature possibly related to cyanide compounds. On the basis of the band strengths computed for several absorption features and for the homogeneous spectral types isolated by the G-mode, a strong correlation of CO2 and aromatic hydrocarbons with exposed water ice, where the uniform layer covering Phoebe has been removed, is established. On the other hand, an anti-correlation of cyanide compounds with CO2 is suggested at a medium resolution scale. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Coradini, A., Tosi, F., Gavrishin, A., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Filacchione, G., Adriani, A., Brown, R.H., Bellucci, G., Formisano, V., D’Aversa, E., Lunine, J., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Combes, M., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hedman, M., Hansen, G.B., Hibbitts, C.A., Showalter, M., Griffith, C., and Strazzulla, G., 2008, Identification of spectral units on Phoebe: Icarus, v. 193, no. 1, p. 233-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023.","startPage":"233","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476692,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00499081","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213597,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023"},{"id":241241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383de4b0c8380cd614c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tosi, F.","contributorId":9472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gavrishin, A.I.","contributorId":19785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavrishin","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adriani, A.","contributorId":45124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adriani","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. 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B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Showalter, M.","contributorId":85753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Griffith, C.","contributorId":29190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Strazzulla, G.","contributorId":30458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strazzulla","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34}]}} ,{"id":70032757,"text":"70032757 - 2008 - Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T14:04:31","indexId":"70032757","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data","docAbstract":"A remote sensing approach permits for the first time the derivation of a map of the carbon dioxide concentration in a volcanic plume. The airborne imaging remote sensing overcomes the typical difficulties associated with the ground measurements and permits rapid and large views of the volcanic processes together with the measurements of volatile components exolving from craters. Hyperspectral images in the infrared range (1900–2100 nm), where carbon dioxide absorption lines are present, have been used. These images were acquired during an airborne campaign by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) over the Pu`u` O`o Vent situated at the Kilauea East Rift zone, Hawaii. Using a radiative transfer model to simulate the measured up-welling spectral radiance and by applying the newly developed mapping technique, the carbon dioxide concentration map of the Pu`u` O`o Vent plume were obtained. The carbon dioxide integrated flux rate were calculated and a mean value of 396 ± 138 t d− 1 was obtained. This result is in agreement, within the measurements errors, with those of the ground measurements taken during the airborne campaign. 2008 Elsevier Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Spinetti, C., Carrere, V., Buongiorno, M.F., Sutton, A.J., and Elias, T., 2008, Carbon dioxide of Pu`u`O`o volcanic plume at Kilauea retrieved by AVIRIS hyperspectral data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 6, p. 3192-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3192","endPage":"3199","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.010"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f361e4b0c8380cd4b775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinetti, C.","contributorId":64899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinetti","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrere, V.","contributorId":31212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrere","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buongiorno, M. Fabrizia","contributorId":102698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buongiorno","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Fabrizia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032758,"text":"70032758 - 2008 - Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032758","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed","docAbstract":"Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the surface and subsurface water balance for many semiarid watersheds. Measurement or model-based estimates of ET are often made on a local scale, but spatially distributed estimates are needed to determine ET over catchments. In this paper, we document the ET that was quantified over 3 years using eddy covariance for three riparian ecosystems along the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona, USA, and we use a water balance equation to determine annual groundwater use. Riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for the watershed were then determined by using a calibrated, empirical model that uses 16-day, 250-1000 m remote-sensing products for the years of 2001-2005. The inputs for the model were derived entirely from the NASA MODIS sensor and consisted of the Enhanced Vegetation Index and land surface temperature. The scaling model was validated using subsets of the entire dataset (omitting different sites or years) and its capable performance for well-watered sites (MAD=0.32 mm day-1, R2=0.93) gave us confidence in using it to determine ET over the watershed. Three years of eddy covariance data for the riparian sites reveal that ET and groundwater use increased as woody plant density increased. Groundwater use was less variable at the woodland site, which had the greatest density of phreatophytes. Annual riparian groundwater use within the watershed was nearly constant over the study period despite an on-going drought. For the San Pedro alone, the amounts determined in this paper are within the range of most recently reported values that were derived using an entirely different approach. However, because of our larger estimates for groundwater use for the main tributary of the San Pedro, the watershed totals were higher. The approach presented here can provide riparian ET and groundwater use amounts that reflect real natural variability in phreatophyte withdrawals and improve the accuracy of a watershed's water budget. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Scott, R., Cable, W., Huxman, T., Nagler, P., Hernandez, M., and Goodrich, D., 2008, Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1232-1246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001.","startPage":"1232","endPage":"1246","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60bfe4b0c8380cd7165c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, R.L.","contributorId":103865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cable, W.L.","contributorId":24578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huxman, T. E.","contributorId":33825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernandez, M.","contributorId":10234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goodrich, D.C.","contributorId":98492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032759,"text":"70032759 - 2008 - Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","docAbstract":"We calculated Chesapeake Bay (CB) sediment and carbon fluxes before and after major anthropogenic land clearance using robust monitoring, modeling and sedimentary data. Four distinct fluxes in the estuarine system were considered including (1) the flux of eroded material from the watershed to streams, (2) the flux of suspended sediment at river fall lines, (3) the burial flux in tributary sediments, and (4) the burial flux in main CB sediments. The sedimentary maximum in Ambrosia (ragweed) pollen marked peak land clearance (~1900 a.d.). Rivers feeding CB had a total organic carbon (TOC)/total suspended solids of 0.24??0.12, and we used this observation to calculate TOC fluxes from sediment fluxes. Sediment and carbon fluxes increased by 138-269% across all four regions after land clearance. Our results demonstrate that sediment delivery to CB is subject to significant lags and that excess post-land clearance sediment loads have not reached the ocean. Post-land clearance increases in erosional flux from watersheds, and burial in estuaries are important processes that must be considered to calculate accurate global sediment and carbon budgets. ?? 2008 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Saenger, C., Cronin, T.M., Willard, D., Halka, J., and Kerhin, R., 2008, Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 31, no. 3, p. 492-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5.","startPage":"492","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5"},{"id":241461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39fde4b0c8380cd61af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saenger, C.","contributorId":19363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saenger","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halka, J.","contributorId":40021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kerhin, R.","contributorId":25317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerhin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032760,"text":"70032760 - 2008 - Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:02:16","indexId":"70032760","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3095,"text":"Polar Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska","docAbstract":"During the spring of 2006, Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was acquired on a continual basis for the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), in the northeast portion of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPR-A) in order to monitor lake ice melting processes. During data processing, it was discovered that the Radarsat-1 imagery detected features associated with winter seismic survey activity. Focused analysis of the image time series revealed various aspects of the exploration process such as the grid profile associated with the seismic line surveys as well as trails and campsites associated with the mobile survey crews. Due to the high temporal resolution of the dataset it was possible to track the progress of activities over a one month period. Spaceborne SAR imagery can provide information on the location of winter seismic activity and could be used as a monitoring tool for land and resource managers as increased petroleum-based activity occurs in the TLSA and NPR-A.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0032247407007206","issn":"00322474","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Rykhus, R., Lu, Z., Arp, C., and Selkowitz, D., 2008, Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska: Polar Record, v. 44, no. 3, p. 227-231, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247407007206.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247407007206"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9385e4b0c8380cd80e85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rykhus, Russ","contributorId":53575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Selkowitz, D.J.","contributorId":82886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033495,"text":"70033495 - 2008 - Mercury concentrations in blood and feathers of prebreeding Forster's terns in relation to space use of San Francisco Bay, California, USA, habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-02T08:41:29","indexId":"70033495","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury concentrations in blood and feathers of prebreeding Forster's terns in relation to space use of San Francisco Bay, California, USA, habitats","docAbstract":"We examined mercury concentrations and space use of prebreeding Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, to assess factors influencing mercury levels in piscivorous birds. In 2005 and 2006, we collected blood and feathers from 122 Forster's terns and radio-marked and tracked 72 terns to determine locations of dietary mercury uptake. Capture site and capture date were the most important factors explaining variation in blood mercury concentrations (geometric mean ?? standard error: 1.09 ?? 0.89 ??g/g wet wt), followed by sex and year. Accordingly, radiotelemetry data revealed that Forster's terns generally remained near their site of capture and foraged in nearby salt ponds, managed and tidal marshes, and tidal flats. In contrast, capture site and capture date were not important factors explaining variation in feather mercury concentrations, probably because feathers were grown on their wintering grounds several months prior to our sampling. Instead, sex and year were the most important factors explaining mercury concentrations in breast feathers (9.57 ?? 8.23 ??g/g fresh wt), and sex was the most important factor for head feathers (6.94 ?? 7.04 ??g/g fresh wt). Overall, 13 and 22% of prebreeding Forster's terns were estimated to be at high risk for deleterious effects due to mercury concentrations in blood (>3.0 ??g/g wet wt) and feathers (>20.0 ??g/g fresh wt), respectively. Breeding terns are likely to be even more at risk because blood mercury concentrations more than tripled during the 45-d prebreeding time period. These data illustrate the importance of space use and tissue type in interpreting mercury concentrations in birds. ?? 2008 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-230.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Takekawa, J.Y., Bluso, J., and Adelsbach, T., 2008, Mercury concentrations in blood and feathers of prebreeding Forster's terns in relation to space use of San Francisco Bay, California, USA, habitats: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 897-908, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-230.1.","startPage":"897","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-230.1"},{"id":241948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53eee4b0c8380cd6ce0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bluso, J.D.","contributorId":17033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bluso","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adelsbach, T.L.","contributorId":85906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adelsbach","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033225,"text":"70033225 - 2008 - Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033225","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region","docAbstract":"Conservation prioritization usually focuses on conservation of rare species or biodiversity, rather than ecological processes. This is partially due to a lack of informative indicators of ecosystem function. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) trap and retain soil and water resources in arid ecosystems and function as major carbon and nitrogen fixers; thus, they may be informative indicators of ecosystem function. We created spatial models of multiple indicators of the diversity and function of BSCs (species richness, evenness, functional diversity, functional redundancy, number of rare species, number of habitat specialists, nitrogen and carbon fixation indices, soil stabilization, and surface roughening) for the 800,000-ha Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Utah, U.S.A.). We then combined the indicators into a single BSC function map and a single BSC biodiversity map (2 alternative types of conservation value) with an unweighted averaging procedure and a weighted procedure derived from validations performance. We also modeled potential degradation with data from a rangeland assessment survey. To determine which areas on the landscape were the highest conservation priorities, we overlaid the function- and diversity-based conservation-value layers on the potential degradation layer. Different methods for ascribing conservation-value and conservation-priority layers all yielded strikingly similar results (r = 0.89-0.99), which suggests that in this case biodiversity and function can be conserved simultaneously. We believe BSCs can be used as indicators of ecosystem function in concert with other indicators (such as plant-community properties) and that such information can be used to prioritize conservation effort in drylands. ?? 2008 Society for Conservation Biology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x","issn":"08888","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., Belnap, J., Sisk, T., and Johnson, N., 2008, Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region: Conservation Biology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1533-1543, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1543","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x"},{"id":240822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c72e4b0c8380cd7e6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sisk, T.D.","contributorId":54023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisk","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, N.C.","contributorId":29567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}