These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived bare earth (BE) topography were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL; the National Park Service (NPS), Gulf Coast Network, Lafayette, LA; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.
The purpose of this project is to provide highly detailed and accurate datasets of select barrier islands and peninsular regions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, acquired on June 27-30, 2007. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative airborne Lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) Lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive Lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit which provide for submeter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a Lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.
Elevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the 'bare earth' under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds400","usgsCitation":"Smith, K., Nayegandhi, A., Wright, C.W., Bonisteel, J.M., and Brock, J., 2009, EAARL coastal topography — Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2007: Bare earth: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 400, HTML Document: DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds400.","productDescription":"HTML Document: DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-27","temporalEnd":"2007-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86525.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12588,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/400/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.3792724609375,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 30.557530797259172\n ],\n [\n -89.3792724609375,\n 30.557530797259172\n ],\n [\n -89.3792724609375,\n 29.57345707301757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L.","contributorId":20860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonisteel, Jamie M.","contributorId":12005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97448,"text":"ds399 - 2009 - EAARL Coastal Topography - Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2007: First surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T20:34:31.078402","indexId":"ds399","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"399","title":"EAARL Coastal Topography - Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2007: First surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived first surface (FS) elevation data were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL; the National Park Service (NPS), Gulf Coast Network, Lafayette, LA; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.\r\n\r\nThe project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of select barrier islands and peninsular regions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, acquired June 27-30, 2007. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative airborne Lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) Lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive Lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit which provide for submeter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a Lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.\r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the 'bare earth' under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds399","usgsCitation":"Smith, K., Nayegandhi, A., Wright, C.W., Bonisteel, J.M., and Brock, J., 2009, EAARL Coastal Topography - Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2007: First surface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 399, HTML document: DVD-ROMs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds399.","productDescription":"HTML document: DVD-ROMs","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-06-27","temporalEnd":"2007-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403318,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86526.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12587,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/399/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.2167,\n 29.75\n ],\n [\n -87.0839,\n 29.75\n ],\n [\n -87.0839,\n 30.3847\n ],\n [\n -89.2167,\n 30.3847\n ],\n [\n -89.2167,\n 29.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L.","contributorId":20860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonisteel, Jamie M.","contributorId":12005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97435,"text":"sim3066 - 2009 - Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sim3066","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3066","title":"Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State and local agencies, systematically collects ground-water data at varying measurement frequencies to monitor the hydrologic situation on Long Island, New York. Each year during March and April, the USGS conducts a synoptic survey of hydrologic conditions to define the spatial distribution of the water table and potentiometric surfaces within the three main water-bearing units underlying Long Island - the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers. These data and the maps constructed from them are commonly used in studies of Long Island's hydrology, and by water managers and suppliers for aquifer management and planning purposes.\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements made in 502 wells across Long Island during March-April 2006, were used to prepare the maps in this report. Measurements were made by the wetted-tape method to the nearest hundredth of a foot. Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in these aquifers were contoured using these measurements. The water-table contours were interpreted using water-level data collected from 341 wells screened in the upper glacial aquifer and (or) shallow Magothy aquifer; the Magothy aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 102 wells screened in the middle to deep Magothy aquifer and (or) contiguous and hydraulically connected Jameco aquifer; and the Lloyd aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 59 wells screened in the Lloyd aquifer or contiguous and hydraulically connected North Shore aquifer. Many of the supply wells are in continuous operation and, therefore, were turned off for a minimum of 24 hours before measurements were made so that the water levels in the wells could recover to the level of the potentiometric head in the surrounding aquifer. Full recovery time at some of these supply wells can exceed 24 hours; therefore, water levels measured at these wells are assumed to be less accurate than those measured at observation wells, which are not pumped. In this report, all water-level altitudes are referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York City Department of Environmental Conservation, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Suffolk County Water Authority, Town of East Hampton, Town of North Hempstead, Town of Shelter Island, Town of South Hampton, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Monti, J., and Busciolano, R.J., 2009, Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3066, 4 Map Sheets: each 72 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3066.","productDescription":"4 Map Sheets: each 72 x 34 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-03-01","temporalEnd":"2006-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110811,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86506.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86506"},{"id":195733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.25,40.416666666666664 ], [ -74.25,41 ], [ -71.75,41 ], [ -71.75,40.416666666666664 ], [ -74.25,40.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busciolano, Ronald J. 0000-0002-9257-8453 rjbuscio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-8453","contributorId":55530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"Ronald","email":"rjbuscio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97436,"text":"ofr20091054 - 2009 - Nutrients, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Color, and Disinfection Byproducts in Base Flow and Stormflow in Streams of the Croton Watershed, Westchester and Putnam Counties, New York, 2000-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20091054","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1054","title":"Nutrients, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Color, and Disinfection Byproducts in Base Flow and Stormflow in Streams of the Croton Watershed, Westchester and Putnam Counties, New York, 2000-02","docAbstract":"The Croton Watershed is unique among New York City's water-supply watersheds because it has the highest percentages of suburban development (52 percent) and wetland area (6 percent). As the City moves toward filtration of this water supply, there is a need to document water-quality contributions from both human and natural sources within the watershed that can inform watershed-management decisions.\r\n\r\nStreamwater samples from 24 small (0.1 to 1.5 mi2) subbasins and three wastewater-treatment plants (2000-02) were used to document the seasonal concentrations, values, and formation potentials of selected nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), color, and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during stormflow and base-flow conditions. The subbasins were categorized by three types of drainage efficiency and a range of land uses and housing densities.\r\n\r\nAnalyte concentrations in subbasin streams differed in response to the subbasin charateristics. Nutrient concentrations were lowest in undeveloped, forested subbasins that were well drained and increased with all types of development, which included residential, urban commercial/industrial, golf-course, and horse-farm land uses. These concentrations were further modified by subbasin drainage efficiency. DOC, in contrast, was highly dependent on drainage efficiency. Color intensity and DBP formation potentials were, in turn, associated with DOC and thus showed a similar response to drainage efficiency. Every constituent exhibited seasonal changes in concentration.\r\n\r\nNutrients. Total (unfiltered) phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and nitrate were associated primarily with residential development, urban, golf-course, and horse-farm land uses. Base-flow and stormflow concentrations of the TP, SRP, and nitrate generally increased with increasing housing density. TP and SRP concentrations were nearly an order of magnitude higher in stormflow than in base flow, whereas nitrate concentrations showed little difference between these flow conditions. Organic nitrogen concentrations (calculated as the difference between concentrations of total dissolved N and of all other N species) was the dominant form of nitrogen in undeveloped and moderately to poorly drained subbasins.\r\n\r\nHigh TP concentrations in stormflows (800-1,750 ug/L) were associated with well drained and moderately drained residential subbasins with high- and medium-density housing and with the moderately drained golf-course subbasin. Areas with medium to high housing densities favor TP transport because they provide extensive impervious surfaces, storm sewers, and local relief, which together can rapidly route stormwater to streams. SRP concentrations were highest in the same types of subbasins as TP, but also in sewered residential and horse-farm subbasins. The ratio of SRP to TP was typically a smaller in stormflow than in base flow. Base-flow TP and SRP concentrations were highest during the warm-weather months (May to October). The highest nitrate concentrations (3.0-4.5 mg/L) were associated with the urban subbasin and the three well drained, high-density residential subbasins. The two moderately drained lake subbasins and the two poorly drained (colored-water wetland) subbasins had consistently low nitrate concentrations despite low and medium housing densities. Nitrate concentrations were generally highest during the winter months and lowest during the autumn leaf-fall period. Organic N concentrations were highest during the leaf-fall period.\r\n\r\nDissolved Organic Carbon. DOC concentration was consistently highest in the two poorly drained (colored-water-wetland) subbasins and lowest in the well drained subbasins. Base-flow DOC concentration increased with decreasing drainage efficiency, except in the well drained sewered subbasin with high-density housing, where slightly elevated DOC concentrations throughout the year may indicate leakage from a nearby sewer main. Seasonal changes in stormflow DOC concentrat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State University of New York Research Foundation for the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Heisig, P.M., 2009, Nutrients, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Color, and Disinfection Byproducts in Base Flow and Stormflow in Streams of the Croton Watershed, Westchester and Putnam Counties, New York, 2000-02: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1054, xx, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091054.","productDescription":"xx, 107 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,41.083333333333336 ], [ -74,41.666666666666664 ], [ -73.41666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -73.41666666666667,41.083333333333336 ], [ -74,41.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisig, Paul M. 0000-0003-0338-4970 pmheisig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-4970","contributorId":793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisig","given":"Paul","email":"pmheisig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97443,"text":"sim3075 - 2009 - Status of Ground-Water Levels and Storage Volume in the Equus Beds Aquifer Near Wichita, Kansas, July 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sim3075","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3075","title":"Status of Ground-Water Levels and Storage Volume in the Equus Beds Aquifer Near Wichita, Kansas, July 2008","docAbstract":"The Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County was developed to supply water to the city of Wichita and for irrigation in south-central Kansas. Water-level and storage-volume decreases that began with the development of the aquifer in the 1940s reached record to near-record lows in January 1993. Since 1993, the aquifer has been experiencing higher water levels and a partial recovery of storage volume previously lost during August 1940 to January 1993. Measured water-level changes for August 1940 to July 2008 ranged from a decline of 23.41 feet to a rise of 3.58 feet. The change in storage volume in the study area from August 1940 to July 2008 was a decrease of about 134,000 acre-feet. This represents a recovery of about 121,000 acre-feet, or about 47 percent of the storage volume previously lost between August 1940 and January 1993. The change in storage volume from August 1940 to July 2008 in the central part of the study area, where city pumpage occurs, was a decrease of about 71,200 acre-feet. This represents a recovery of about 82,800 acre-feet, or about 54 percent of the storage volume previously lost between August 1940 and January 1993 in the central part of the study area. The recovery in the central part of the study area probably was greater and more consistently maintained than in the study area as a whole because city pumpage has remained less than pre-1993 levels, whereas agricultural irrigation pumpage has been as much or more than pre-1993 levels in some years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., 2009, Status of Ground-Water Levels and Storage Volume in the Equus Beds Aquifer Near Wichita, Kansas, July 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3075, Map Sheet: 28 x 26.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3075.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 28 x 26.5 inches","temporalStart":"2008-07-01","temporalEnd":"2008-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110812,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86520.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86520"},{"id":195104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,37.5 ], [ -98,38.25 ], [ -97,38.25 ], [ -97,37.5 ], [ -98,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e09c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97442,"text":"sir20095058 - 2009 - Hydrodynamic simulations of physical aquatic habitat availability for Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River, at Yankton, South Dakota, Kenslers Bend, Nebraska, Little Sioux, Iowa, and Miami, Missouri, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:38:54","indexId":"sir20095058","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5058","title":"Hydrodynamic simulations of physical aquatic habitat availability for Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River, at Yankton, South Dakota, Kenslers Bend, Nebraska, Little Sioux, Iowa, and Miami, Missouri, 2006-07","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of habitat availability in the Lower Missouri River to discharge variation, with emphasis on habitats that might support spawning of the endangered pallid sturgeon. We constructed computational hydrodynamic models for four reaches that were selected because of evidence that sturgeon have spawned in them. The reaches are located at Miami, Missouri (river mile 259.6–263.5), Little Sioux, Iowa (river mile 669.6–673.5), Kenslers Bend, Nebraska (river mile 743.9–748.1), and Yankton, South Dakota reach (river mile 804.8–808.4). The models were calibrated for a range of measured flow conditions, and run for a range of discharges that might be affected by flow modifications from Gavins Point Dam. Model performance was assessed by comparing modeled and measured water velocities.
A selection of derived habitat units was assessed for sensitivity to hydraulic input parameters (drag coefficient and lateral eddy viscosity). Overall, model results were minimally sensitive to varying eddy viscosity; varying lateral eddy viscosity by 20 percent resulted in maximum change in habitat units of 5.4 percent. Shallow-water habitat units were most sensitive to variation in drag coefficient with 42 percent change in unit area resulting from 20 percent change in the parameter value; however, no habitat unit value changed more than 10 percent for a 10 percent variation in drag coefficient. Sensitivity analysis provides guidance for selecting habitat metrics that maximize information content while minimizing model uncertainties.
To assess model sensitivities arising from topographic variation from sediment transport on an annual time scale, we constructed separate models from two complete independent surveys in 2006 and 2007. The net topographic change was minimal at each site; the ratio of net topographic change to water volume in the reaches at 95 percent exceedance flow was less than 5 percent, indicating that on a reach-average basis, annual topographic change contributed little to habitat area variation. Net erosion occurred at Yankton (the upstream reach) and because erosion was distributed uniformly, there was little affect on many habitat metrics. Topographic change was spatially nonuniform at Little Sioux and Kenslers Bend reaches. Shallow water habitat units and some reach-scale patch statistics (edge density, patch density, and Simpson’s Diversity Index) were affected by these changes. Erosion dominated at the downstream reach but habitat metrics did not vary substantially from 2006 to 2007.
Among habitat metrics that were explored, zones of convergent flow were identified as areas that most closely correspond to spawning habitats of other sturgeon species, as identified in the scientific literature, and that are consistent with sparse data on pallid sturgeon spawning locations in the Lower Missouri River. Areas of convergent zone habitat varied little with discharges that would be associated with spring pulsed flows, and relations with discharge changed negligibly between 2006 and 2007.
Other habitat measures show how physical habitat varies with discharge and among the four reaches. Wake habitats defined by velocity gradients seem to correspond with migration pathways of adult pallid sturgeon. Habitats with low Froude-number correspond to low energy areas that may accumulate passively transporting particles, organic matter, and larval fish. Among the modeled reaches, Yankton had substantially longer water residence time for equivalent flow exceedances than the other three modeled reaches. Longer residence times result from greater flow resistance in the relatively wide, shallow channel and may be associated with longer residence times of passively transported particulate materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095058","collaboration":"Prepared for the Missouri River Recovery-Integrated Science Program U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Johnson, H.E., and Dietsch, B.J., 2009, Hydrodynamic simulations of physical aquatic habitat availability for Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River, at Yankton, South Dakota, Kenslers Bend, Nebraska, Little Sioux, Iowa, and Miami, Missouri, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5058, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095058.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341671,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5058/pdf/sir2009-5058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,38 ], [ -100,44 ], [ -88,44 ], [ -88,38 ], [ -100,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Harold E. III","contributorId":47470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Harold","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97438,"text":"sir20095069 - 2009 - Evaluation of Sources of Nitrate Beneath Food Processing Wastewater-Application Sites near Umatilla, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5069","title":"Evaluation of Sources of Nitrate Beneath Food Processing Wastewater-Application Sites near Umatilla, Oregon","docAbstract":"Water samples from wells were collected beneath and downgradient of two food-processing wastewater-application sites near Umatilla, Oregon. These samples were analyzed for nitrate stable isotopes, nutrients, major ions, and age-dating constituents to determine if nitrate-stable isotopes can be used to differentiate food-processing waste from other potential sources of nitrate. Major-ion data from each site were used to determine which samples were associated with the recharge of the food-processing wastewater. End-member mixing analysis was used to determine the relative amounts of each identified end member within the samples collected from the Terrace Farm site. The delta nitrogen-15 (delta 15N) of nitrate generally ranged between +2 and +9 parts per thousand and the delta oxygen-18 (delta 18O) of nitrate generally ranged between -2 and -7 parts per thousand. None of the samples that were determined to be associated with the wastewater were different from the samples that were not affected by the wastewater. The nitrate isotope values measured in this study are also characteristic of ammonium fertilizer, animal and human waste, and soil nitrate; therefore, it was not possible to differentiate between food-processing wastewater and the other nitrate sources. Values of delta 15N and delta 18O of nitrate provided no more information about the sources of nitrate in the Umatilla River basin than did a hydrologic and geochemical understanding of the ground-water system derived from interpreting water-level and major-ion chemistry data.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095069","usgsCitation":"Frans, L., Paulson, A., Richerson, P., Striz, E., and Black, C., 2009, Evaluation of Sources of Nitrate Beneath Food Processing Wastewater-Application Sites near Umatilla, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5069, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095069.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dd866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna","contributorId":79577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulson, Anthony","contributorId":48660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richerson, Phil","contributorId":45027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richerson","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striz, Elise","contributorId":16948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striz","given":"Elise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Black, Curt","contributorId":8581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97439,"text":"sir20085239 - 2009 - Geospatial data to support analysis of water-quality conditions in basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:08:33","indexId":"sir20085239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5239","title":"Geospatial data to support analysis of water-quality conditions in basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"The Southwest Principal Aquifers study area consists of most of California and Nevada and parts of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado; it is about 409,000 square miles. The Basin-fill aquifers extend through about 201,000 square miles of the study area and are the primary source of water for cities and agricultural communities in basins in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States (Southwest). The demand on limited ground-water resources in areas in the southwestern United States has increased significantly. This increased demand underscores the importance of understanding factors that affect the water quality in basin-fill aquifers in the region, which are being studied through the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. As a part of this study, spatial datasets of natural and anthropogenic factors that may affect ground-water quality of the basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States were developed. These data include physical characteristics of the region, such as geology, elevation, and precipitation, as well as anthropogenic factors, including population, land use, and water use. Spatial statistics for the alluvial basins in the Southwest have been calculated using the datasets. This information provides a foundation for the development of conceptual and statistical models that relate natural and anthropogenic factors to ground-water quality across the Southwest.\r\n\r\nA geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine and illustrate the spatial distribution of these basin-fill variables across the region. One hundred-meter resolution raster data layers that represent the spatial characteristics of the basins' boundaries, drainage areas, population densities, land use, and water use were developed for the entire Southwest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085239","usgsCitation":"McKinney, T., and Anning, D.W., 2009, Geospatial data to support analysis of water-quality conditions in basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5239, Report: iv, 16 p.; HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085239.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; HTML","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12576,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-11T12:01:58","indexId":"fs20093015","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3015","title":"Southwest principal aquifers regional ground-water quality assessment","docAbstract":"The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a regional analysis of water quality in the principal aquifers in the southwestern United States. The Southwest Principal Aquifers (SWPA) study is building a better understanding of the susceptibility and vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers in the region to ground-water contamination by synthesizing the baseline knowledge of ground-water quality conditions in 15 basins previously studied by the NAWQA Program. The improved understanding of aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability to contamination is assisting in the development of tools that water managers can use to assess and protect the quality of ground-water resources. This fact sheet provides an overview of the basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States and description of the completed and planned regional analyses of ground-water quality being performed by the SWPA study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093015","usgsCitation":"Anning, D., Thiros, S.A., Bexfield, L.M., McKinney, T., and Green, J., 2009, Southwest principal aquifers regional ground-water quality assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3015, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093015.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3015.jpg"},{"id":334649,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3015/pdf/fs2009-3015.pdf","size":"5.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 40.79717741518766\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 37.87485339352928\n ],\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -120.60791015625,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -117.66357421875,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -108.3251953125,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -108.28125,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -105.93017578125,\n 35.43381992014202\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -107.8857421875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -107.138671875,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -107.89672851562499,\n 34.51560953848204\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 34.279914398549934\n ],\n [\n -108.08349609375,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -112.34619140625,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 37.21283151445594\n ],\n [\n -113.09326171875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -111.73095703125,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.81884765624999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -112.47802734375,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -113.6865234375,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -118.72924804687499,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 41.983994270935625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anning, D.W.","contributorId":6905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKinney, T.S.","contributorId":79184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, J.M.","contributorId":13340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97441,"text":"fs20093020 - 2009 - National Streamflow Information Program: Implementation Status Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"fs20093020","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3020","title":"National Streamflow Information Program: Implementation Status Report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates and maintains a nationwide network of about 7,500 streamgages designed to provide and interpret long-term, accurate, and unbiased streamflow information to meet the multiple needs of many diverse national, regional, state, and local users. The National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP) was initiated in 2003 in response to Congressional and stakeholder concerns about (1) the decrease in the number of operating streamgages, including a disproportionate loss of streamgages with a long period of record; (2) the inability of the USGS to continue operating high-priority streamgages in an environment of reduced funding through partnerships; and (3) the increasing demand for streamflow information due to emerging resource-management issues and new data-delivery capabilities. The NSIP's mission is to provide the streamflow information and understanding required to meet national, regional, state, and local needs.\r\n\r\nMost of the existing streamgages are funded through partnerships with more than 850 other Federal, state, tribal, and local agencies. Currently, about 90 percent of the streamgages send data to the World Wide Web in near-real time (some information is transmitted within 15 minutes, whereas some lags by about 4 hours). The streamflow information collected at USGS streamgages is used for many purposes:\r\n\r\n\r\n*In water-resource appraisals and allocations - to determine how much water is available and how it is being allocated; \r\n*To provide streamflow information required by interstate agreements, compacts, and court decrees; \r\n*For engineering design of reservoirs, bridges, roads, culverts, and treatment plants; \r\n*For the operation of reservoirs, the operation of locks and dams for navigation purposes, and power production; \r\n*To identify changes in streamflow resulting from changes in land use, water use, and climate; \r\n*For streamflow forecasting, flood planning, and flood forecasting; \r\n*To support water-quality programs by allowing determination of constituent loads and fluxes; and \r\n*For characterizing and evaluating instream conditions for habitat assessments, instream-flow requirements, and recreation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093020","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.M., 2009, National Streamflow Information Program: Implementation Status Report: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3020, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093020.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3020.jpg"},{"id":12578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b4154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, J. Michael 0000-0002-7480-0161 mnorris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-0161","contributorId":1625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"mnorris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97433,"text":"sir20095035 - 2009 - Inventory and Statistical Analysis of Sediment Data for Streams in Kentucky, 1950-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095035","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5035","title":"Inventory and Statistical Analysis of Sediment Data for Streams in Kentucky, 1950-2008","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment is a constituent of water that is monitored because of concerns about accelerated erosion, nonpoint contamination of water resources, and degradation of aquatic environments. Understanding the availability of monitored sediment data for streams in Kentucky is critical to planning future modeling and monitoring efforts. In order to assess the availability of sediment data for Kentucky, long-term records were obtained from the National Water Information System (NWIS) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), the parameter traditionally measured and reported by the USGS, was statistically compared to turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), two parameters that are considered surrogate data. Coincident observations of SSC with either turbidity or TSS were available for 42 sites. In combination with instantaneous streamflow, turbidity and TSS both proved to be significant indicators of SSC when data from all sites were used. Because of the perceived link between sediment and nutrient abundance in streams, sediment-parameter data at these sites were correlated to total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus concentrations. A significant relation (p-value < 0.05) was found between monitored nutrient concentrations and coincident sediment abundance, although there were no clear linear relations.\r\n\r\nThis compilation of data showed that SSC was monitored at 118 sites in Kentucky at some time between 1950 and 2008. As of March 2008, 9 sites were monitored for SSC in Kentucky (8 of which are new) down from a high of more than 60 SSC sites during the 1980s. Of these 118 SSC sites, 21 sites were also monitored for TSS; there are coincident records for both SSC and TSS at 6 sites. Forty-seven of these long-term water-quality sites were also monitored for turbidity; there are coincident records for SSC and turbidity at 42 sites, including all of those at which there are coincident data for TSS. The number of sites at which SSC and at least one other sediment parameter (TSS or turbidity) were monitored decreased from a high of 27 in 1987 to zero during the period 2001-2005.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T., 2009, Inventory and Statistical Analysis of Sediment Data for Streams in Kentucky, 1950-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5035, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095035.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.8,36.083333333333336 ], [ -89.8,40.166666666666664 ], [ -81.6,40.166666666666664 ], [ -81.6,36.083333333333336 ], [ -89.8,36.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. tnwillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja N.","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97423,"text":"ds441 - 2009 - Hydrographs Showing Ground-Water Level Changes for Selected Wells in the Lower Skagit River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ds441","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"441","title":"Hydrographs Showing Ground-Water Level Changes for Selected Wells in the Lower Skagit River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"Hydrographs for selected wells in the Lower Skagit River basin, Washington, are presented in an interactive web-based map to illustrate monthly and seasonal changes in ground-water levels in the study area. Ground-water level data and well information were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey using standard techniques and were stored in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS), Ground-Water Site-Inventory (GWSI) System.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds441","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Skagit County, Washington, and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Fasser, E., and Julich, R.J., 2009, Hydrographs Showing Ground-Water Level Changes for Selected Wells in the Lower Skagit River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 441, Available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds441.","productDescription":"Available online","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/441/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.53333333333333,48.25 ], [ -122.53333333333333,48.5 ], [ -122.06666666666666,48.5 ], [ -122.06666666666666,48.25 ], [ -122.53333333333333,48.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61466e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fasser, E.T.","contributorId":81589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fasser","given":"E.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julich, R. J.","contributorId":85666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julich","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97416,"text":"fs20093011 - 2009 - Nahcolite resources in the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T15:48:43","indexId":"fs20093011","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3011","title":"Nahcolite resources in the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed an assessment of in-place nahcolite (NaHCO3) resources in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado. Nahcolite is present in the oil shale deposits of the Parachute Creek Member of the Eocene Green River Formation. It occurs as disseminated aggregates, nodules, bedded units of disseminated brown crystals, and white crystalline beds associated with dawsonite (NaAl(OH)2CO3) and halite (NaCl). The nahcolite-bearing facies are divided into an unleached part containing the nahcolite and halite, which is estimated to be as much as 1,130 ft thick, and an upper leached part several hundred feet thick containing minor nahcolite aggregates and nodules. Locally, thick beds of halite and brown fine-grained nahcolite lie in the depocenter of the basin, but thin laterally away from the basin center and grade into beds of white, coarse-grained nahcolite. In the central part of the study area, the top of the nahcolite-bearing rocks range in depth from about 1,300 to 2,000 ft.
Dissolution of water-soluble minerals, mostly nahcolite and halite, in the upper part of the nahcolite-bearing facies has created a collapsed leached zone as much as 580 ft thick that consists of laterally continuous units of solution breccia and fractured oil shale containing solution cavities. The top of the leached zone is not yet defined in the basin, but it probably extends into the A groove in the upper part of the Parachute Creek Member.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093011","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., Johnson, R.C., Self, J.G., and Mercier, T.J., 2009, Nahcolite resources in the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3011, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093011.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3011.jpg"},{"id":356869,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3011/pdf/FS09-3011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12552,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3011/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,39 ], [ -109,40.25 ], [ -107.5,40.25 ], [ -107.5,39 ], [ -109,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Self, Jesse G.","contributorId":29459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97418,"text":"sir20095031 - 2009 - Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to Simulate Runoff in Mustang Creek Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095031","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5031","title":"Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to Simulate Runoff in Mustang Creek Basin, California","docAbstract":"This study is an evaluation of the calibration and validation of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) version 2005 watershed model for the Mustang Creek Basin, San Joaquin Valley, California. The study is part of a national study on the process of agricultural chemical movement through the hydrologic system, which is being done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment program. The SWAT model was used to simulate streamflow in the Mustang Creek Basin on the basis of a set of model inputs derived and modified from various data sources.\r\n\r\nThe 2005 version of the model was calibrated for 29 days in February 2004, and validated for 58 days in January and February 2005. Measured streamflow for a USGS gaging station was used for model calibration and validation. Results of the simulated monthly streamflow had a Nash Sutcliffe efficiency value of 0.72 during the calibration period. The 2005 version of the model was unsuccessful in simulating streamflow during the validation period, as indicated by a Nash Sutcliffe efficiency value of 0.33. This lack of a successful simulation probably is due to the limited amount of measured streamflow data available for calibration, the ephemeral nature of flows in Mustang Creek, and the fact that the SWAT model was developed primarily for long time period (2 years and more) simulations and not for limited monthly simulations as used in Mustang Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095031","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D.K., Kratzer, C.R., Green, C.H., and Evans, D.G., 2009, Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to Simulate Runoff in Mustang Creek Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5031, vii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095031.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5031.jpg"},{"id":12554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,37.25 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -119.25,38 ], [ -119.25,37.25 ], [ -121,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a2e4b07f02db5beb6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, Dina K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":24737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16706,"text":"California State University, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":302043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Colleen H.","contributorId":74103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, David G.","contributorId":80787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97420,"text":"sir20095059 - 2009 - Hydrologic characterization for Spring Creek and hydrologic budget and model scenarios for Sheridan Lake, South Dakota, 1962-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:10:58","indexId":"sir20095059","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5059","title":"Hydrologic characterization for Spring Creek and hydrologic budget and model scenarios for Sheridan Lake, South Dakota, 1962-2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey cooperated with South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks to characterize hydrologic information relevant to management of water resources associated with Sheridan Lake, which is formed by a dam on Spring Creek. This effort consisted primarily of characterization of hydrologic data for a base period of 1962 through 2006, development of a hydrologic budget for Sheridan Lake for this timeframe, and development of an associated model for simulation of storage deficits and drawdown in Sheridan Lake for hypothetical release scenarios from the lake. Historically, the dam has been operated primarily as a 'pass-through' system, in which unregulated outflows pass over the spillway; however, the dam recently was retrofitted with an improved control valve system that would allow controlled releases of about 7 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) or less from a fixed depth of about 60 feet (ft).\r\n\r\nDevelopment of a hydrologic budget for Sheridan Lake involved compilation, estimation, and characterization of data sets for streamflow, precipitation, and evaporation. The most critical data need was for extrapolation of available short-term streamflow records for Spring Creek to be used as the long-term inflow to Sheridan Lake. Available short-term records for water years (WY) 1991-2004 for a gaging station upstream from Sheridan Lake were extrapolated to WY 1962-2006 on the basis of correlations with streamflow records for a downstream station and for stations located along two adjacent streams. Comparisons of data for the two streamflow-gaging stations along Spring Creek indicated that tributary inflow is approximately proportional to the intervening drainage area, which was used as a means of estimating tributary inflow for the hydrologic budget. Analysis of evaporation data shows that sustained daily rates may exceed maximum monthly rates by a factor of about two.\r\n\r\nA long-term (1962-2006) hydrologic budget was developed for computation of reservoir outflow from Sheridan Lake for the historical pass-through operating system. Two inflow components (stream inflow and precipitation) and one outflow component (evaporation) were considered. The hydrologic budget uses monthly time steps within a computational year that includes two 6-month periods - May through October, for which evaporation is accounted for, and November through April, when evaporation is considered negligible. Results indicate that monthly evaporation rates can substantially exceed inflow during low-flow periods, and potential exists for outflows to begin approaching zero-flow conditions substantially prior to the onset of zero-inflow conditions, especially when daily inflow and evaporation are considered. Results also indicate that September may be the month for greatest potential benefit for enhancing fish habitat and other ecosystem values in downstream reaches of Spring Creek with managed releases of cool water. Computed monthly outflows from Sheridan Lake for September are less than 1.0 ft3/s for 8 of the 44 years (18 percent) and are less than 2.0 ft3/s for 14 of the 44 years (32 percent). Conversely, none of the computed outflows for May are less than 2.0 ft3/s.\r\n\r\nA short-term (July through September 2007) data set was used to calculate daily evaporation from Sheridan Lake and to evaluate the applicability of published pan coefficients. Computed values of pan coefficients of approximately 1.0 and 1.1 for two low-flow periods are larger than the mean annual pan coefficient of 0.74 for the area that is reported in the literature; however, the computed values are consistent with pan coefficients reported elsewhere for similar late summer and early fall periods. Thus, these results supported the use of variable monthly pan coefficients for the long-term hydrologic budget.\r\n\r\nA hydrologic model was developed using the primary components of the hydrologic budget and was used to simulate monthly storage deficits and drawdown for Sheridan Lake using hypothetical ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095059","isbn":"9781411323988","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D.G., and Norton, P.A., 2009, Hydrologic characterization for Spring Creek and hydrologic budget and model scenarios for Sheridan Lake, South Dakota, 1962-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5059, viii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095059.","productDescription":"viii, 81 p.","temporalStart":"1962-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Sheridan Lake, Spring Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.86749999999999,43.75 ], [ -103.86749999999999,44.25 ], [ -103.25,44.25 ], [ -103.25,43.75 ], [ -103.86749999999999,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6144aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norton, Parker A. 0000-0002-4638-2601 pnorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-2601","contributorId":2257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Parker","email":"pnorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97425,"text":"sir20095027 - 2009 - Trends in Surface-Water Quality at Selected Ambient-Monitoring Network Stations in Kentucky, 1979-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095027","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5027","title":"Trends in Surface-Water Quality at Selected Ambient-Monitoring Network Stations in Kentucky, 1979-2004","docAbstract":"Increasingly complex water-management decisions require water-quality monitoring programs that provide data for multiple purposes, including trend analyses, to detect improvement or deterioration in water quality with time. Understanding surface-water-quality trends assists resource managers in identifying emerging water-quality concerns, planning remediation efforts, and evaluating the effectiveness of the remediation. This report presents the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet-Kentucky Division of Water, to analyze and summarize long-term water-quality trends of selected properties and water-quality constituents in selected streams in Kentucky's ambient stream water-quality monitoring network.\r\n\r\nTrends in surface-water quality for 15 properties and water-quality constituents were analyzed at 37 stations with drainage basins ranging in size from 62 to 6,431 square miles. Analyses of selected physical properties (temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness, and suspended solids), for major ions (chloride and sulfate), for selected metals (iron and manganese), for nutrients (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate), and for fecal coliform were compiled from the Commonwealth's ambient water-quality monitoring network. Trend analyses were completed using the S-Plus statistical software program S-Estimate Trend (S-ESTREND), which detects trends in water-quality data. The trend-detection techniques supplied by this software include the Seasonal Kendall nonparametric methods for use with uncensored data or data censored with only one reporting limit and the Tobit-regression parametric method for use with data censored with multiple reporting limits. One of these tests was selected for each property and water-quality constituent and applied to all station records so that results of the trend procedure could be compared among stations. Flow-adjustment procedures were used with these techniques at all stations to remove the effects of streamflow on water-quality variability. Flow adjustments were used for all constituents, except temperature. A decreasing trend indicates a decrease in concentration of a particular constituent; whereas, an increasing trend indicates an increase in concentration and potential degradation in water quality.\r\n\r\nTrend results varied statewide by station and by physical property and water-quality constituent. The results for all stations and all physical properties and water-quality constituents examined had at least one statistically significant (p-value <0.05) increasing or decreasing trend during the specified period of record. Water temperature and concentrations of dissolved oxygen had no significant decreasing trends at any station. Water temperature had one significant increasing trend at the South Fork Cumberland River near Blue Heron station. Specific conductance and concentrations of hardness had one significant decreasing trend at the South Fork Cumberland River near Blue Heron station. pH also had a significant decreasing trend at the Mud River near Gus station. Concentrations of total suspended solids had 1 increasing trend at the Kentucky River at High Bridge station and 10 decreasing trends with 5 of those stations located in the Cumberland River Basin.\r\n\r\nMajor ions analyzed for trends included chloride and sulfate. Concentrations of chloride at the 37 stations had increasing trends at 15 stations, decreasing trends at 3 stations, and no significant trend in concentration over time at 19 stations. Most of the increasing trends in concentrations of chloride are located in the northern part of Kentucky, possibly indicating an increase in the use of road salts for road deicing and (or) the result of resource extraction (oil, gas, and coal). Increasing trends of sulfate concentrations were detected at seven stations, all located in the Appalachian ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet-Kentucky Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Crain, A.S., and Martin, G.R., 2009, Trends in Surface-Water Quality at Selected Ambient-Monitoring Network Stations in Kentucky, 1979-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5027, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095027.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1979-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5027.jpg"},{"id":12561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,36 ], [ -90,40 ], [ -81,40 ], [ -81,36 ], [ -90,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6265f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crain, Angela S. 0000-0003-0969-6238 ascrain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-6238","contributorId":3090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"Angela","email":"ascrain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Gary R. 0000-0002-3274-5846 grmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-5846","contributorId":3413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Gary","email":"grmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97412,"text":"ofr20091049 - 2009 - Gas, water, and oil production from the Wasatch Formation, Greater Natural Buttes Field, Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T15:49:18","indexId":"ofr20091049","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1049","title":"Gas, water, and oil production from the Wasatch Formation, Greater Natural Buttes Field, Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"Gas, oil, and water production data were compiled from 38 wells with production commencing during the 1980s from the Wasatch Formation in the Greater Natural Buttes field, Uinta Basin, Utah. This study is one of a series of reports examining fluid production from tight gas reservoirs, which are characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and the presence of clay minerals in pore space. The general ranges of production rates after 2 years are 100-1,000 mscf/day for gas, 0.35-3.4 barrel per day for oil, and less than 1 barrel per day for water. The water:gas ratio ranges from 0.1 to10 barrel per million standard cubic feet, indicating that free water is produced along with water dissolved in gas in the reservoir. The oil:gas ratios are typical of a wet gas system. Neither gas nor water rates show dependence upon the number of perforations, although for low gas-flow rates there is some dependence upon the number of sandstone intervals that were perforated. Over a 5-year time span, gas and water may either increase or decrease in a given well, but the changes in production rate do not exhibit any dependence upon well proximity or well location.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091049","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Hoffman, E.L., 2009, Gas, water, and oil production from the Wasatch Formation, Greater Natural Buttes Field, Uinta Basin, Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1049, Report: 19 p.; Plates: 24 x 18 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091049.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p.; Plates: 24 x 18 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12548,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110809,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86473.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86473"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,38 ], [ -112,41 ], [ -105.75,41 ], [ -105.75,38 ], [ -112,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Eric L.","contributorId":8954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97414,"text":"sir20095010 - 2009 - Relations between Municipal Water Use and Selected Meteorological Parameters and Drought Indices, East-Central and Northeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20095010","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5010","title":"Relations between Municipal Water Use and Selected Meteorological Parameters and Drought Indices, East-Central and Northeast Florida","docAbstract":"Water-use data collected between 1992 and 2006 at eight municipal water-supply utilities in east-central and northeast Florida were analyzed to identify seasonal trends in use and to quantify monthly variations. Regression analyses were applied to identify significant correlations between water use and selected meteorological parameters and drought indices. Selected parameters and indices include precipitation (P), air temperature (T), potential evapotranspiration (PET), available water (P-PET), monthly changes in these parameters (Delta P, Delta T, Delta PET, Delta(P-PET), the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Selected utilities include the City of Daytona Beach (Daytona), the City of Eustis (Eustis), Gainesville Regional Utilities (GRU), Jacksonville Electric Authority (JEA), Orange County Utilities (OCU), Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC), Seminole County Utilities (SCU), and the City of St. Augustine (St. Augustine). Water-use rates at these utilities in 2006 ranged from about 3.2 million gallons per day at Eustis to about 131 million gallons per day at JEA.\r\n\r\nTotal water-use rates increased at all utilities throughout the 15-year period of record, ranging from about 4 percent at Daytona to greater than 200 percent at OCU and SCU. Metered rates, however, decreased at six of the eight utilities, ranging from about 2 percent at OCU and OUC to about 17 percent at Eustis. Decreases in metered rates occurred because the number of metered connections increased at a greater rate than did total water use, suggesting that factors other than just population growth may play important roles in water-use dynamics. Given the absence of a concurrent trend in precipitation, these decreases can likely be attributed to changes in non-climatic factors such as water-use type, usage of reclaimed water, water-use restrictions, demographics, and so forth. When averaged for the eight utilities, metered water-use rates depict a clear seasonal pattern in which rates were lowest in the winter and greatest in the late spring. Averaged water-use rates ranged from about 9 percent below the 15-year daily mean in January to about 11 percent above the daily mean in May.\r\n\r\nWater-use rates were found to be statistically correlated to meteorological parameters and drought indices, and to be influenced by system memory. Metered rates (in gallons per day per active metered connection) were consistently found to be influenced by P, T, PET, and P-PET and changes in these parameters that occurred in prior months. In the single-variant analyses, best correlations were obtained by fitting polynomial functions to plots of metered rates versus moving-averaged values of selected parameters (R2 values greater than 0.50 at three of eight sites). Overall, metered water-use rates were best correlated with the 3- to 4-month moving average of Delta T or Delta PET (R2 values up to 0.66), whereas the full suite of meteorological parameters was best correlated with metered rates at Daytona and least correlated with rates at St. Augustine. Similarly, metered rates were substantially better correlated with moving-averaged values of precipitation (significant at all eight sites) than with single (current) monthly values (significant at only three sites). Total and metered water-use rates were positively correlated with T, PET, Delta P, Delta T, and Delta PET, and negatively correlated with P, P-PET, Delta (P-PET), PDSI, and SPI. The drought indices were better correlated with total water-use rates than with metered rates, whereas metered rates were better correlated with meteorological parameters.\r\n\r\nMultivariant analyses produced fits of the data that explained a greater degree of the variance in metered rates than did the single-variant analyses. Adjusted R2 values for the 'best' models ranged from 0.79 at JEA to 0.29 at St. Augustine and exceeded 0.60 at five of eight sites. The amount of available water (P-PET) was the si","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Murray, L.C., 2009, Relations between Municipal Water Use and Selected Meteorological Parameters and Drought Indices, East-Central and Northeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5010, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095010.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12550,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.75,28.25 ], [ -82.75,30.5 ], [ -80.75,30.5 ], [ -80.75,28.25 ], [ -82.75,28.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Louis C. Jr.","contributorId":19980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97408,"text":"ofr20081381 - 2009 - Environmental Impact of the Contact and Sonoma Mercury Mines on Water, Sediment, and Biota in Anna Belcher and Little Sulphur Creek Watersheds, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081381","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1381","title":"Environmental Impact of the Contact and Sonoma Mercury Mines on Water, Sediment, and Biota in Anna Belcher and Little Sulphur Creek Watersheds, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"The Contact and Sonoma mercury (Hg) deposits are among the youngest Hg deposits in the Coast Range Hg mineral belt and are located in the western part of the Clear Lake volcanic field in Sonoma County, California. The mine workings and tailings are located in the headwaters of Anna Belcher Creek, which is a tributary to Little Sulphur Creek. The Contact Hg mine produced about 1,000 flasks of Hg, and the Sonoma mine produced considerably less. Waste rock and tailings eroded from the Contact and Sonoma mines have contributed Hg-enriched mine waste material to the headwaters of Anna Belcher Creek. The mines are located on federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (USBLM). The USBLM requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measure and characterize Hg and other geochemical constituents in tailings, sediment, water, and biota at the Contact and Sonoma mines and in Anna Belcher and Little Sulphur Creeks. This report is made in response to the USBLM request, the lead agency mandated to conduct a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) - Removal Site Investigation (RSI). The RSI applies to removal of Hg-contaminated mine waste from the Contact and Sonoma mines as a means of reducing Hg transport to Anna Belcher and Little Sulphur Creeks. \r\n\r\nThis report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of mine tailings, waste rock, sediment, and water at the Contact and Sonoma mines that was initiated on April 20 during a storm event, and on June 19, 2001. Further sampling of water, sediment, and biota in a pond and tributaries that drain from the mine area was completed on April 1, 2003. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of the mining sources of Hg and associated chemical constituents that could elevate levels of monomethyl Hg (MMeHg) in tributaries and biota that are impacted by historic mining.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081381","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Hothem, R.L., May, J., Kim, C., Lawler, D., and Goldstein, D., 2009, Environmental Impact of the Contact and Sonoma Mercury Mines on Water, Sediment, and Biota in Anna Belcher and Little Sulphur Creek Watersheds, Sonoma County, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1381, Report: vi, 76 p.; Appendixes (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081381.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 76 p.; Appendixes (xls)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12544,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1381/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,38.5 ], [ -123,39.25 ], [ -122.25,39.25 ], [ -122.25,38.5 ], [ -123,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66919e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Christopher S.","contributorId":69258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lawler, David","contributorId":11278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldstein, Daniel dgoldstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":4656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dgoldstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97405,"text":"sir20095008 - 2009 - Geomorphic segmentation, hydraulic geometry, and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River, Nebraska — Methods and initial results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T21:30:08.178583","indexId":"sir20095008","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5008","title":"Geomorphic segmentation, hydraulic geometry, and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River, Nebraska — Methods and initial results","docAbstract":"The Niobrara River of Nebraska is a geologically, ecologically, and economically significant resource. The State of Nebraska has recognized the need to better manage the surface- and ground-water resources of the Niobrara River so they are sustainable in the long term. In cooperation with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey is investigating the hydrogeomorphic settings and hydraulic geometry of the Niobrara River to assist in characterizing the types of broad-scale physical habitat attributes that may be of importance to the ecological resources of the river system. This report includes an inventory of surface-water and ground-water hydrology data, surface water-quality data, a longitudinal geomorphic segmentation and characterization of the main channel and its valley, and hydraulic geometry relations for the 330-mile section of the Niobrara River from Dunlap Diversion Dam in western Nebraska to the Missouri River confluence. Hydraulic microhabitats also were analyzed using available data from discharge measurements to demonstrate the potential application of these data and analysis methods.\r\n\r\nThe main channel of the Niobrara was partitioned into three distinct fluvial geomorphic provinces: an upper province characterized by open valleys and a sinuous, equiwidth channel; a central province characterized by mixed valley and channel settings, including several entrenched canyon reaches; and a lower province where the valley is wide, yet restricted, but the river also is wide and persistently braided. Within the three fluvial geomorphic provinces, 36 geomorphic segments were identified using a customized, process-orientated classification scheme, which described the basic physical characteristics of the Niobrara River and its valley. Analysis of the longitudinal slope characteristics indicated that the Niobrara River longitudinal profile may be largely bedrock-controlled, with slope inflections co-located at changes in bedrock type at river level. Hydraulic geometry relations indicated that local (at-a-station) channel adjustments of the Niobrara River to changing discharge are accommodated mainly by changes in velocity, and streamwise adjustments are accommodated through changes in channel width. Downstream hydraulic geometry relations are in general agreement with values previously published for rivers of the Great Plains, but coefficients are likely skewed low because the locations of the streamflow-gaging stations used in this analysis are located at natural or engineered constrictions and may not be accurately representing downstream adjustment processes of the Niobrara River. A demonstration analysis of hydraulic microhabitat attributes at a single station indicated that changes in velocity-related habitat types is the primary microhabitat adjustment over a range of discharges, but the magnitude of that adjustment for any particular discharge is temporally variable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","usgsCitation":"Alexander, J.S., Zelt, R.B., and Schaepe, N.J., 2009, Geomorphic segmentation, hydraulic geometry, and hydraulic microhabitats of the Niobrara River, Nebraska — Methods and initial results: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5008, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095008.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86465.htm"},{"id":12541,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Niobrara River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,42 ], [ -104,43.1667 ], [ -98.75,43.1667 ], [ -98.75,42 ], [ -104,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Jason S. 0000-0002-1602-482X jalexand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-482X","contributorId":2802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jason","email":"jalexand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaepe, Nathaniel J. 0000-0003-1776-7411 nschaepe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-7411","contributorId":2377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepe","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nschaepe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97406,"text":"sir20095013 - 2009 - Proceedings of the Second All-USGS Modeling Conference, February 11-14, 2008: Painting the Big Picture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-19T09:52:26","indexId":"sir20095013","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5013","title":"Proceedings of the Second All-USGS Modeling Conference, February 11-14, 2008: Painting the Big Picture","docAbstract":"The Second USGS Modeling Conference was held February 11-14, 2008, in Orange Beach, Ala. Participants at the conference came from all U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) regions and represented all four science discipline - Biology, Geography, Geology, and Water. Representatives from other Department of the Interior (DOI) agencies and partners from the academic community also participated. The conference, which was focused on 'painting the big picture', emphasized the following themes: Integrated Landscape Monitoring, Global Climate Change, Ecosystem Modeling, and Hazards and Risks. The conference centered on providing a forum for modelers to meet, exchange information on current approaches, identify specific opportunities to share existing models and develop more linked and integrated models to address complex science questions, and increase collaboration across disciplines and with other organizations. Abstracts for the 31 oral presentations and more than 60 posters presented at the conference are included here. The conference also featured a field trip to review scientific modeling issues along the Gulf of Mexico. The field trip included visits to Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, the 5 Rivers Delta Resource Center, and Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge. On behalf of all the participants of the Second All-USGS Modeling Conference, the conference organizing committee expresses our sincere appreciation for the support of field trip oganizers and leaders, including the managers from the various Reserves and Refuges. The organizing committee for the conference included Jenifer Bracewell, Sally Brady, Jacoby Carter, Thomas Casadevall, Linda Gundersen, Tom Gunther, Heather Henkel, Lauren Hay, Pat Jellison, K. Bruce Jones, Kenneth Odom, and Mark Wildhaber.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095013","usgsCitation":"2009, Proceedings of the Second All-USGS Modeling Conference, February 11-14, 2008: Painting the Big Picture: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5013, x, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095013.","productDescription":"x, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-02-11","temporalEnd":"2008-02-14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":195024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20095013.PNG"},{"id":12542,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":325423,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5013/sir2009-5013.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66045f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brady, Shailaja R. srbrady@usgs.gov","contributorId":1762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Shailaja","email":"srbrady@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":642876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97409,"text":"sir20085227 - 2009 - Quality of Water from Domestic Wells in Principal Aquifers of the United States, 1991-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:29:46","indexId":"sir20085227","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5227","title":"Quality of Water from Domestic Wells in Principal Aquifers of the United States, 1991-2004","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), water samples were collected during 1991-2004 from domestic wells (private wells used for household drinking water) for analysis of drinking-water contaminants, where contaminants are considered, as defined by the Safe Drinking Water Act, to be all substances in water. Physical properties and the concentrations of major ions, trace elements, nutrients, radon, and organic compounds (pesticides and volatile organic compounds) were measured in as many as 2,167 wells; fecal indicator bacteria and radionuclides also were measured in some wells. The wells were located within major hydrogeologic settings of 30 regionally extensive aquifers used for water supply in the United States. One sample was collected from each well prior to any in-home treatment. Concentrations were compared to water-quality benchmarks for human health, either U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for public water supplies or USGS Health-Based Screening Levels (HBSLs).\r\n\r\nNo individual contaminant was present in concentrations greater than available health benchmarks in more than 8 percent of the sampled wells. Collectively, however, about 23 percent of wells had at least 1 contaminant present at concentrations greater than an MCL or HBSL, based on analysis of samples from 1,389 wells in which most contaminants were measured. Radon, nitrate, several trace elements, fluoride, gross alpha- and beta-particle radioactivity, and fecal indicator bacteria were found most frequently (in one or more percent of wells) at concentrations greater than benchmarks and, thus, are of potential concern for human health. Radon concentrations were greater than the lower of two proposed MCLs (300 picocuries per liter or pCi/L) in about 65 percent of the wells and greater than the higher proposed MCL (4,000 pCi/L) in about 4 percent of wells. Nitrate, arsenic, manganese, strontium, and gross alpha-particle radioactivity (uncorrected) each were present at levels greater than MCLs or HBSLs in samples from about 5 to 7 percent of the wells; boron, fluoride, uranium, and gross beta-particle radioactivity were present at levels greater than MCLs or HBSLs in about 1 to 2 percent of the wells. Total coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria were detected in about 34 and 8 percent, respectively, of sampled wells. Thus, with the exception of nitrate and fecal indicator bacteria, the contaminants that were present in the sampled wells most frequently at concentrations greater than human-health benchmarks were naturally occurring.\r\n\r\nAnthropogenic organic compounds were frequently detected at low concentrations, using typical analytical detection limits of 0.001 to 0.1 micrograms per liter, but were seldom present at concentrations greater than MCLs or HBSLs. The most frequently detected compounds included the pesticide atrazine, its degradate deethylatrazine, and the volatile organic compounds chloroform, methyl tert-butyl ether, perchloroethene, and dichlorofluoromethane. Only 7 of 168 organic compounds were present in samples at concentrations greater than MCLs or HBSLs, each in less than 1 percent of wells. These were diazinon, dibromochloroprane, dinoseb, dieldrin, ethylene dibromide, perchloroethene, and trichloroethene. Overall, concentrations of any organic compound greater than MCLs or HBSLs were present in 0.8 percent of wells, and concentrations of any organic compound greater than one-tenth of MCLs or HBSLs were present in about 3 percent of wells.\r\n\r\nSeveral other properties and contaminants were measured at values or concentrations outside of recommended ranges for drinking water for aesthetic quality (for example, taste or odor) or other non-health reasons. About 16 percent of the sampled wells had pH values less than (14.4 percent) or greater than (1.9 percent) the USEPA recommended range of 6.5 to 8.5. Total dissolved solids were greater than th","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085227","isbn":"9781411323513","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., 2009, Quality of Water from Domestic Wells in Principal Aquifers of the United States, 1991-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5227, Report: xi, 139 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085227.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 139 p.; Appendixes","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12545,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97401,"text":"cir1332 - 2009 - The quality of our nation’s waters: Quality of water from domestic wells in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991–2004— Overview of major findings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-11T19:54:05.654803","indexId":"cir1332","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1332","title":"The quality of our nation’s waters: Quality of water from domestic wells in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991–2004— Overview of major findings","docAbstract":"More than 43 million people - about 15 percent of the U.S. population - rely on domestic wells as their source of drinking water (Hutson and others, 2004). The quality and safety of water from domestic wells, also known as private wells, are not regulated by the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act or, in most cases, by state laws. Rather, individual homeowners are responsible for maintaining their domestic well systems and for monitoring water quality. The lack of regular monitoring of domestic wells makes periodic assessments at national, regional, and local scales important sources for providing information about this key source of drinking water.\r\n\r\nThis study from the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assesses water-quality conditions for about 2,100 domestic wells. The sampled wells are located in 48 states and in parts of 30 regionally extensive aquifers used for water supply in the United States. As many as 219 properties and contaminants, including pH, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radon, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were measured. Fecal indicator bacteria and additional radionuclides were analyzed for a smaller number of wells. The large number of contaminants assessed and the broad geographic coverage of the present study provides a foundation for an improved understanding of the quality of water from the major aquifers tapped by domestic supply wells in the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1332","isbn":"9781411323506","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., Hamilton, P.A., and Gilliom, R.J., 2009, The quality of our nation’s waters: Quality of water from domestic wells in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991–2004— Overview of major findings: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1332, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1332.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Pixie A. pahamilt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Pixie","email":"pahamilt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97400,"text":"ofr20091017 - 2009 - Analysis of vertical flow during ambient and pumped conditions in four monitoring wells at the Pantex Plant, Carson County, Texas, July-September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T13:13:27","indexId":"ofr20091017","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1017","title":"Analysis of vertical flow during ambient and pumped conditions in four monitoring wells at the Pantex Plant, Carson County, Texas, July-September 2008","docAbstract":"The Pantex Plant is a U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (USDOE/NNSA)-owned, contractor-operated facility managed by Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Pantex, LLC (B&W Pantex) in Carson County, Texas, approximately 17 miles northeast of Amarillo. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with B&W Pantex through the USDOE/NNSA, made a series of flowmeter measurements and collected other borehole geophysical logs during July–September 2008 to analyze vertical flow in screened intervals of four selected monitoring wells (PTX01–1012, PTX06–1044, PTX06–1056, and PTX06–1068) at the Pantex Plant. Hydraulic properties (transmissivity values) of the section of High Plains (Ogallala) aquifer penetrated by the wells also were computed. Geophysical data were collected under ambient and pumped flow conditions in the four monitoring wells. Unusually large drawdowns occurred at two monitoring wells (PTX06–1044 and PTX06–1056) while the wells were pumped at relatively low rates. A decision was made to redevelop those wells, and logs were run again after redevelopment in the two monitoring wells.
\nLogs collected in monitoring well PTX01–1012 during ambient conditions indicate a dynamic environment that probably was affected by pumping of nearby irrigation or public-supply wells. During pumping, downward vertical flow of 0.2 to 2.1 gallons per minute that occurred during ambient conditions was either reversed or reduced. During pumping, a gradual trend of more positive flowmeter values (upward flow) with distance up the well was observed. Estimated total transmissivity for four production zones identified from Flow–B numerical model results taken together was calculated to be about 3,100 feet squared per day.
\nLogs collected in monitoring well PTX06–1044 during ambient conditions before redevelopment indicate a static environment with no flow. During pumping there was upward vertical flow at rates ranging from 0.1 to about 1.5 gallons per minute. During pumping, a gradual trend of more positive flowmeter values (upward flow) with distance up the well was observed. Estimated total transmissivity before redevelopment for five production zones identified from Flow–B numerical model results, and transmissivity values for each zone, are considered to be in error because of the lack of communication between the well and the aquifer before redevelopment. After redevelopment, logs for well PTX06–1044 during ambient conditions indicate a near-static environment with minimal downward flow. During pumping there was upward vertical flow at rates ranging from 0.5 to about 4.8 gallons per minute. During pumping, a gradual trend of more positive flowmeter values with distance up the well was observed. Estimated total transmissivity after redevelopment for the same five identified production zones taken together was calculated to be about 520 feet squared per day.
\nLogs collected in monitoring well PTX06–1056 during ambient conditions before redevelopment indicate a static environment with no flow. During pumping there was upward vertical flow at rates ranging from 0.3 to about 1.5 gallons per minute. During pumping, a gradual trend of more positive flowmeter values (upward flow) with distance up the well was observed. Estimated total transmissivity before redevelopment for four production zones identified from Flow–B numerical model results taken together was calculated to be about 450 feet squared per day. After redevelopment, logs collected in monitoring well PTX06–1056 during ambient conditions indicate a near-static environment with no flow except for a very small amount of downward flow near the bottom of the well. During pumping there was upward vertical flow at rates ranging from 0.7 to about 2.9 gallons per minute. Estimated total transmissivity after redevelopment for five production zones identified from Flow–B numerical model results taken together was calculated to be about 330 feet squared per day.
\nLogs collected in monitoring well PTX06–1068 during ambient conditions indicate a static environment with no flow. During pumping there was upward vertical flow at rates ranging from 0.4 to 4.8 gallons per minute. During pumping, a gradual trend of more positive flowmeter values (upward flow) with distance up the well was observed. Estimated total transmissivity for four production zones identified from Flow–B numerical model results taken together was calculated to be about 200 feet squared per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration and Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Pantex, LLC","usgsCitation":"Stanton, G.P., Thomas, J.V., and Stoval, J., 2009, Analysis of vertical flow during ambient and pumped conditions in four monitoring wells at the Pantex Plant, Carson County, Texas, July-September 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1017, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091017.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-07-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20091017.gif"},{"id":12530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoval, Jeffery","contributorId":91585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoval","given":"Jeffery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97399,"text":"sir20095041 - 2009 - Method for Estimating Water Withdrawals for Livestock in the United States, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20095041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5041","title":"Method for Estimating Water Withdrawals for Livestock in the United States, 2005","docAbstract":"Livestock water use includes ground water and surface water associated with livestock watering, feedlots, dairy operations, and other on-farm needs. The water may be used for drinking, cooling, sanitation, waste disposal, and other needs related to the animals. Estimates of water withdrawals for livestock are needed for water planning and management. \r\n\r\nThis report documents a method used to estimate withdrawals of fresh ground water and surface water for livestock in 2005 for each county and county equivalent in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Categories of livestock included dairy cattle, beef and other cattle, hogs and pigs, laying hens, broilers and other chickens, turkeys, sheep and lambs, all goats, and horses (including ponies, mules, burros, and donkeys). Use of the method described in this report could result in more consistent water-withdrawal estimates for livestock that can be used by water managers and planners to determine water needs and trends across the United States.\r\n\r\nWater withdrawals for livestock in 2005 were estimated by using water-use coefficients, in gallons per head per day for each animal type, and livestock-population data. Coefficients for various livestock for most States were obtained from U.S. Geological Survey water-use program personnel or U.S. Geological Survey water-use publications. When no coefficient was available for an animal type in a State, the median value of reported coefficients for that animal was used. Livestock-population data were provided by the National Agricultural Statistics Service. County estimates were further divided into ground-water and surface-water withdrawals for each county and county equivalent. County totals from 2005 were compared to county totals from 1995 and 2000. Large deviations from 1995 or 2000 livestock withdrawal estimates were investigated and generally were due to comparison with reported withdrawals, differences in estimation techniques, differences in livestock coefficients, or use of livestock-population data from different sources.\r\n\r\nThe results of this study were distributed to U.S. Geological Survey water-use program personnel in each State during 2007. Water-use program personnel are required to submit estimated withdrawals for all categories of use in their States to the National Water-Use Information Program for inclusion in a national report describing water use in the United States during 2005. Water-use program personnel had the option of submitting these estimates, a modified version of these estimates, or their own set of estimates or reported data. Estimated withdrawals resulting from the method described in this report are not presented herein to avoid potential inconsistencies with estimated withdrawals for livestock that will be presented in the national report, as different methods used by water-use personnel may result in different withdrawal estimates. Estimated withdrawals also are not presented to avoid potential disclosure of data for individual livestock operations. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095041","usgsCitation":"Lovelace, J.K., 2009, Method for Estimating Water Withdrawals for Livestock in the United States, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5041, iv, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095041.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12529,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}