Procedures for the determination of copper, lead and zinc are described by Almond and Morris (1951); Lakin, Stevens and Almond (1949); and Lovering, Herf and Almond (1950). They are also summarized in U.S. Geological Survey Circular 161.
In the procedure given below, a simple attack or the sample with 1+3 nitric acid serves to effect adequate solution of the heavy metals for purposes of geochemical prospecting. Copper, lead, and zinc may be determined on a single sample solution prepared in this way. About 30 samples can be analyzed daily for the constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53287","usgsCitation":"Bloom, H., and Crowe, H., 1954, Determination of readily soluble copper, zinc, and lead in soils and rocks; nitric acid extraction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-287, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53287.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":486724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66769c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloom, Harold","contributorId":28964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloom","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowe, H.E.","contributorId":61826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13586,"text":"ofr54339 - 1954 - Preliminary report of investigations of springs in the Mogollon Rim region Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr54339","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-339","title":"Preliminary report of investigations of springs in the Mogollon Rim region Arizona","docAbstract":"The Geological Survey has made a reconnaissance of springs in the \r\nMogollon Rim region in central Arizona. This region is the source of much \r\nof the water in the Gila, Salt, and Verde Rivers. The region has not previously been systematically studied with respect to the occurrence of ground \r\nwater. \r\n\r\nThe Mogollon Rim is an escarpment that extends about 200 miles in a \r\nnorthwest direction from near Clifton and Morenci in southeastern Arizona and \r\ngradually disappears north of Prescott. Lumbering, ranching, and in local \r\nareas copper mining are the principal industries. Main lines of drainage \r\nextend north on the plateau, north of the rim, and south or southwest below \r\nthe rim. For convenience in discussion and because of structural differences, \r\nthe region has been separated into western, central, and eastern divisions. \r\nPre-Cambrian to Recent rocks crop out. Pre-Cambrian formations \r\nand those of Paleozoic age constitute the thickest sections. Recent basalt \r\nflows cap the plateau portion, except in the central part of the region. Large \r\nareas in valleys below the rim are occupied by lake-bed deposits. The valleys \r\nare aligned northwest, suggesting the possibility that a structural trough extends \r\nalmost the full length of the rim southwest of the scarp. In some areas, \r\nerosion has caused recession of the escarpment for distances of a few miles \r\nto 10 or 15 miles from the major rim faults. \r\n\r\nThe origin of late deposits of sodium Sulfate in the Verde basin has not \r\nbeen adequately, explained. As the salts are concentrated near mineralized \r\ndistricts on the southwest side of the basin, a possible genetic relationship \r\nbetween the two should be considered. \r\n\r\nPre-Cambrian granite and basalt of probable Tertiary and Quaternary \r\nage are the igneous rocks most widely exposed in the region. Diabase dikes \r\nand sills are prominent in some areas; they were intruded probably during \r\nLate Cambrian time. A thickness of 2,000 feet of volcanic rocks of probable \r\nCretaceous and Tertiary age is exposed in one area along the rim, but these \r\nrocks as yet have not been studied in detail. A hypothetical relationship is \r\nadvanced to explain the coincidence in estimated volumes of rock erupted in the \r\nSan Franciscan volcanic field and the volumes displaced by subsidence of the \r\nVerde basin. \r\n\r\nFold structures are relatively uncommon in the region and are of small \r\nextent except the Holbrook dome northwest of Snowflake. High-angle faults, \r\nfor the most part normal, are the most prominent structures identified. \r\nFaults parallel to the rim have been mapped in several areas. The inferred \r\nrelations are shown on three diagrammatic sections. These faults are thought \r\nto account for the presence of two rims in the eastern division, and perhaps \r\nas many as three near Payson. \r\n\r\nMajor orogeny in the region is believed to have occurred four times, \r\nas follows: (1) In the pre-Cambrian; (2) in Miocene(?) time southwest of the Mogollon escarpment; (3) in Pliocene (?) time at least in the Flagstaff area, and; (4) at or near the beginning of Quaternary time. The Laramide structures, prominent elsewhere on the plateau, are reflected only weakly in the rim region, so far as is known.\r\n\r\nStudies of perennial base flow of major streams draining southward from the rim indicate a sustained yield of about 175 cfs (cubic feet per second) measured at existing gaging stations. Runoff records and partial seepage runs show a loss of water between the upper reaches of the streams and the storage reservoirs. There is a general tendency for the water to become progressively more highly mineralized with increasing distance from headwater springs.\r\n\r\nNatural lakes, ponds, swamps, and cienagas are common in the eastern and western divisions of the rim. They lose considerable water, and some are fully desiccated each summer. They are of little use in their present condition, but might be developed as natural water catches from which recharge co","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[s.n.],","doi":"10.3133/ofr54339","usgsCitation":"Feth, J.H., 1954, Preliminary report of investigations of springs in the Mogollon Rim region Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-339, 77 p. :ill., maps (2 folded) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54339.","productDescription":"77 p. :ill., maps (2 folded) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0339/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42100,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0339/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42101,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0339/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42102,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0339/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42103,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0339/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42104,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0339/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13668,"text":"ofr5492 - 1954 - Geology of parts of the Johnny Gulch quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr5492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-92","title":"Geology of parts of the Johnny Gulch quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"An area of about 35 square miles, situated about 30 miles southeast of Helena, Montana, was mapped during the summer of 1952 at a scale of l:24, 000. The area includes a part of the eastern foothills of the Elkhorn Mountains, and is underlain by sedimentary mad volcanic rocks of Cretaceous age that were intruded during late Cretaceous or early Tertiary time by several types of igneous rocks. \r\n\r\nThe oldest rocks in the map area are the nonmarine sandstone, shale, and limestone of the Kootenai formation. These are overlain disconformably by the black shale siltstone, sandstone, and siliceous mudstone of the Colorado group that is subdivided into three map units; a lower black shale unit composed of black shale and silty shale with a basal clean sandstone, all of probable marine origin; a middle siliceous unit composed of sandstone, siltstone, and siliceous mudstone of both marine and nonmarine origin; and an upper black unit composed of black shale of marine origin. Conformably above the Colorado group are crystal lithic turfs of the Slim Sam formation; in places theme grade into and in other places are unconformably overlain by the Elkhorn Mountains volcanics composed of crystal tuff, breccia, flows, and bedded tuff of andesitic composition. \r\n\r\nThe rocks of the Elkhorn Mountains volcanics and older formations have been intruded by diorite porphyry and related rocks and by hornblende quartz monzonite. The diorite porphyry and related rocks include hornblende diorite porphyry, hornblende augite diorite porphyry, augite diorite porphyry, and basalt. \r\n\r\nResting with marked unconformity upon older rocks are volcanic sedimentary rocks of early Tertiary age that are locally overlain by thin rhyolite flows. Late Tertiary and Quaternary fans overlie the rhyolite flows. Alluvium, talus, and other mantle are present in small amounts in many parts of the area. \r\n\r\nThe sedimentary rocks of the area mapped form a part of the east flank of a major anticline. A major north-south syncline to the north of map area is believed to have been deflected to the east of the area because of the rigidity of large irregular plutons of diorite porphyry. The location of the plutons may have been controlled by the initiation of the major syncline, by a postulated pre-intrusive fault, or by both. \r\n\r\nMost of the small-scale structural features are related to the emplacement of the plutons. During emplacement the intruded sediments yielded either by faulting or by folding; the deeper rocks failed by faulting and the shallower rocks failed by folding. \r\n\r\nThe area contains deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc, none of which are currently being mined; and a deposit of magnetite which is being mined for use in cement.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5492","usgsCitation":"Freeman, V.L., 1954, Geology of parts of the Johnny Gulch quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-92, 57 p. :maps (some folded) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5492.","productDescription":"57 p. :maps (some folded) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42218,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0092/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42219,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6836a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Val L.","contributorId":40570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Val","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44289,"text":"b1009A - 1954 - Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44289,"text":"b1009A - 1954 - Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming","indexId":"b1009A","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T13:43:01","indexId":"b1009A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","chapter":"A","title":"Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The uranium deposit at the Silver Cliff mine near Lusk, Wyo., consists primarily of uranophane which occurs as fracture fillings and small replacement pockets in faulted and fractured calcareous sandstone of Cambrian (?) age. The country rock in the vicinity of the mine is schist of pre-Cambrian age intruded by pegmatite dikes and is unconformably overlain by almost horizontal sandstone of Cambrian(?) age.\r\n \r\nThe mine is on the southern end of the Lusk Dome, a local structure probably \r\nrelated to the Hartville uplift. In the immediate vicinity of the mine, the dome is cut by the Silver Cliff fault, a north-trending high-angle reverse fault about 1,200 feet in length with a stratigraphic throw of 70 feet. Uranophane, metatorbernite, pitchblende, calcite, native silver, native copper, chalcocite, azurite, malachite, chrysocolla, and cuprite have been deposited in fractured sandstone. \r\n\r\nThe fault was probably mineralized throughout its length, but because of \r\nerosion, the mineralized zone is discontinuous. The principal ore body is \r\nabout 800 feet long. The width and depth of the mineralized zone are not \r\naccurately known but are at least 20 feet and 60 feet respectively. \r\n\r\nThe uranium content of material sampled in the mine ranges from 0.001 to \r\n0.23 percent uranium, whereas dump samples range from 0.076 to 3.39 percent \r\nuranium.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1009A","isbn":"060763815X","usgsCitation":"Wilmarth, V., and Johnson, D.H., 1954, Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1009, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1009A.","productDescription":"p. 1-12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99257,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1009a/report.pdf","size":"1331","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99258,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1009a/plate-1.pdf","size":"491","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109129,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20529.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20529"},{"id":173454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1009a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6052ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilmarth, Verl R.","contributorId":89951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmarth","given":"Verl R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14468,"text":"ofr54148 - 1954 - Geologic maps of the Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14468,"text":"ofr54148 - 1954 - Geologic maps of the Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","indexId":"ofr54148","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic maps of the Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":33619,"text":"b1141J - 1964 - Geology of the French Gulch quadrangle, Shasta and Trinity Counties, California","indexId":"b1141J","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Geology of the French Gulch quadrangle, Shasta and Trinity Counties, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":33619,"text":"b1141J - 1964 - Geology of the French Gulch quadrangle, Shasta and Trinity Counties, California","indexId":"b1141J","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the French Gulch quadrangle, Shasta and Trinity Counties, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-12T23:47:29.895374","indexId":"ofr54148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-148","title":"Geologic maps of the Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr54148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Division of Mines","usgsCitation":"Kinkel, A.R., Hall, W.E., and Albers, J.P., 1954, Geologic maps of the Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-148, Report: 7 p.; 1 Figure: 8.46 x 25.94 inches; 4 Plates: 21.27 x 30.41 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr54148.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 1 Figure: 8.46 x 25.94 inches; 4 Plates: 21.27 x 30.41 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":432565,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0148/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":432564,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432566,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0148/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432567,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0148/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432568,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0148/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432569,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0148/figure-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.23059306274703,\n 41.231349992757316\n ],\n [\n -122.23059306274703,\n 40.65541958023525\n ],\n [\n -121.51422966101546,\n 40.65541958023525\n ],\n [\n -121.51422966101546,\n 41.231349992757316\n ],\n [\n -122.23059306274703,\n 41.231349992757316\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68854f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinkel, Arthur R. Jr.","contributorId":27440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkel","given":"Arthur","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Wayne Everett","contributorId":79858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"Everett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albers, John Patrick","contributorId":26669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":14611,"text":"ofr54164 - 1954 - Copper and uranium mineralization in the Coyote mining district, Mora County, New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14611,"text":"ofr54164 - 1954 - Copper and uranium mineralization in the Coyote mining district, Mora County, New Mexico","indexId":"ofr54164","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Copper and uranium mineralization in the Coyote mining district, Mora County, New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":36059,"text":"b1030L - 1958 - Copper and uranium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, New Mexico","indexId":"b1030L","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Copper and uranium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, New Mexico"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":36059,"text":"b1030L - 1958 - Copper and uranium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, New Mexico","indexId":"b1030L","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Copper and uranium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, New Mexico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-06T15:19:15.441956","indexId":"ofr54164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-164","title":"Copper and uranium mineralization in the Coyote mining district, Mora County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Sedimentary copper-uranium deposits lie along the eastern flank of the Sangre de Cristo Range in the Coyote mining district, Mora County, New ilexico. The oldest rocks in the district are pre-Cambrian granites, pegmatites and metasediments. These are unconformably overlain by marine limestones and shales of Pennsylvanian age and fluviatile sediments of Pennsylvanian-Permian age. Tertiary basalt flows are extensive to the east and cover Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks locally.
The copper-uranium mineralization occurred in a belt of thrusting and transverse faulting associated with the uplift of the Ancestral Rockies, but there is no visible evidence to relate the ore deposits to faults. The uranium deposition seems to have been controlled by channels containing carbonized plant remains in the coarser sandstone lenses of the Sangre de Cristo formation.
There are two major types of ore deposits in the Coyote district. One consists of copper-replaced pyrite nodules and plant remains in black carbonaceous shales, the other consists of uranium in cross bedded sandstones. Copper is most abundant in the lower 1500 feet of the Sangre de Cristo formation.
The most important copper mineral is chalcocite with minor amounts of chalcopyrite, bornite, covellite, pyrite, malachite, and azurite. The uranium minerals are metatyuyamunite and an undetermined black radioactive mineral associated with chalcopyrite.
The uranium occurs in stream channels approximately 2000 feet stratigraphically above the top of the Aagdalena group (as mapped).
The copper-uranium was probably derived from nearby pre-Cambrian highlands which contain abundant copper mines, granitic intrusions, and uranium bearing pegmatites. Heteoric waters containing copper sulfate and a soluble uranium compound transported the minerals to their present site and upon encountering carbonaceous material were precipitated out.
Cobalt and nickel of possible commercial interest have been discovered in the Silver Summit mine, Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho. Assay data indicate that an ore shoot contained about 0.40 percent cobalt and about 1.0 percent nickel in addition to the copper and rich silver ores. The cobalt-nickel mineral gersdorffite occurs in tetrahedrite-siderite veins. Gersdorffite is widespread in small amounts and appears to have been the first of the \"ore shoot\" minerals. The known occurrence of either cobalt bloom or gersdorffite in other properties of the Coeur d'Alene district Silver Belt suggests that other ore shoots may exist that contain commercial quantities of cobalt and nickel.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.49.7.753","usgsCitation":"Fryklund, V.C., and Hutchinson, M.W., 1954, The occurrence of cobalt and nickel in the Silver Summit Mine, Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho: Economic Geology, v. 49, no. 7, p. 753-758, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.49.7.753.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"758","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Silver Summit Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 46.9502622421856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1954-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fryklund, Verne Charles Jr.","contributorId":104886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryklund","given":"Verne","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, Murl W.","contributorId":257519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Murl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70217846,"text":"70217846 - 1954 - The White Pine copper deposit, Ontonagon County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T19:13:05.034899","indexId":"70217846","displayToPublicDate":"1954-11-01T13:09:12","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The White Pine copper deposit, Ontonagon County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Copper, largely in the mineral chalcocite, is found in the lowermost beds of the Nonesuch shale over many square miles near White Pine, Ontonagon County, Mich. The Nonesuch shale, of late Keweenawan age, is about 600 feet thick and is composed largely of gray siltstone. It overlies 2,300 to 5,500 feet of red sandstones and conglomerates, the Copper Harbor conglomerate. This formation, in turn, overlies the middle Keweenawan Portage Lake lava series, in which occur the famous native-copper deposits of the south shore of Lake Superior. The White Pine mine is 45 to 70 miles west-southwest of the principal native copper mines.The copper-bearing beds at White Pine are primarily in the lower 20to 25 feet of the Nonesuch shale. This cupriferous zone is divided in local usage into four stratigraphic units, which are, in ascending order, the lower sandstone (the uppermost bed of the Copper Harbor conglomerate), the parting shale, the upper sandstone, and the upper shale. The sequence of beds is almost identical in the upper and parting shales, suggesting cyclic sedimentation. This sequence and the distribution of sedimentary facies are attributed to two submergences, separated by an emergence, of a deltaic area.Practically all the copper occurs in the upper and parting shales, except in a small area near the White Pine fault where it is abundant in the upper and lower sandstones. It is present in five different layers in amounts that average from 1 to 3 percent. The total amount of copper in each bed is generally higher where the bed is thick, and thickness, in turn, seems to be greatest in areas that were hollows away from the main channel or channels of the ancient delta. Copper content of the shale beds typically decreases as their sand content increases. The extent of individual copper-bearing beds 1 to 3 feet thick is measurable in square miles.The local occurrence of copper in the upper and lower sandstone beds can be reasonably explained as the result of hydrothermal transportation from the White Pine fault up the dip of the relatively permeable sandstone to the crest of an adjacent anticline. Distribution of copper in the parting and upper shales, on the other hand, seems to be completely independent of local structure, faults, and rock permeability. For the area as a whole the control is lithologic and stratigraphic. Probably the copper was dropped into or precipitated within the original mud; it may conceivably have replaced with exquisite detail something else that was so deposited.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.49.7.675","usgsCitation":"White, W.S., and Wright, J.C., 1954, The White Pine copper deposit, Ontonagon County, Michigan: Economic Geology, v. 49, no. 7, p. 675-716, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.49.7.675.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"716","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Ontonagon County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.8875,46.7677],[-89.8767,46.7758],[-89.8441,46.8],[-89.822,46.8093],[-89.8188,46.8103],[-89.7952,46.8168],[-89.7769,46.8223],[-89.7624,46.8236],[-89.7433,46.8282],[-89.7156,46.8311],[-89.6904,46.8317],[-89.6891,46.8317],[-89.6686,46.8336],[-89.6533,46.8312],[-89.6282,46.8212],[-89.6163,46.8205],[-89.6065,46.8235],[-89.5953,46.827],[-89.5855,46.8295],[-89.5658,46.8336],[-89.5605,46.8347],[-89.5579,46.8347],[-89.5534,46.8376],[-89.5488,46.839],[-89.5434,46.8364],[-89.5282,46.8395],[-89.5191,46.8424],[-89.5112,46.8435],[-89.4944,46.8402],[-89.4837,46.8386],[-89.4705,46.8389],[-89.442,46.84],[-89.438,46.8405],[-89.4295,46.8421],[-89.4078,46.8462],[-89.4045,46.8472],[-89.3868,46.8531],[-89.3658,46.8581],[-89.3541,46.863],[-89.3449,46.8659],[-89.3319,46.8726],[-89.3097,46.8813],[-89.2987,46.8871],[-89.2855,46.8901],[-89.2653,46.8983],[-89.2359,46.9099],[-89.2203,46.918],[-89.2011,46.9349],[-89.1985,46.9368],[-89.196,46.9401],[-89.1877,46.9485],[-89.1851,46.9513],[-89.1768,46.9602],[-89.1717,46.9649],[-89.1567,46.9711],[-89.1491,46.9818],[-89.1433,46.9861],[-89.1355,46.9895],[-89.129,46.9937],[-89.1244,46.9947],[-89.1237,46.9947],[-89.119,46.9939],[-89.1134,46.9876],[-89.0847,46.9849],[-89.0828,46.9849],[-89.0768,46.986],[-89.0709,46.9875],[-89.0578,46.9923],[-89.0545,46.9937],[-89.0427,46.9981],[-89.0249,47.0016],[-89.0209,47.0022],[-89.022,46.9966],[-89.0173,46.9949],[-88.9948,46.9967],[-88.9783,47.0011],[-88.9678,47.0045],[-88.9567,47.0098],[-88.947,47.0173],[-88.9438,47.021],[-88.9405,47.0229],[-88.9399,47.0238],[-88.9355,47.0294],[-88.934,46.9358],[-88.9328,46.8499],[-88.9317,46.7655],[-88.8641,46.7658],[-88.8645,46.7415],[-88.8643,46.6795],[-88.9537,46.6803],[-88.9821,46.6802],[-88.9921,46.68],[-88.9927,46.591],[-88.9927,46.5759],[-88.9927,46.4182],[-88.9921,46.3311],[-89.0513,46.3314],[-89.1159,46.3315],[-89.2404,46.3328],[-89.3661,46.3329],[-89.3655,46.3948],[-89.3652,46.4182],[-89.365,46.5044],[-89.4924,46.5053],[-89.6113,46.5054],[-89.7388,46.5071],[-89.7377,46.5919],[-89.8363,46.5933],[-89.866,46.5934],[-89.8648,46.6348],[-89.8638,46.6788],[-89.864,46.71],[-89.864,46.7224],[-89.863,46.7674],[-89.8875,46.7677]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ontonagon\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","volume":"49","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1954-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter Stanley","contributorId":96701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Stanley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, James C.","contributorId":83936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221459,"text":"70221459 - 1954 - Copper cities copper deposit, Globe-Miami district, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-16T15:51:39.630777","indexId":"70221459","displayToPublicDate":"1954-06-01T10:42:53","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper cities copper deposit, Globe-Miami district, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Copper Cities copper deposit in the Globe-Miami district, Arizona, is now in process of development. It is of the \"porphyry\" type and occurs in a body of quartz monzonite that has been intruded by smaller masses of granite porphyry. The hypogene sulfides are pyrite, chalcopyrite, and a very little molybdenite. Pyritic mineralization extends over a large area of which only a small portion contains an appreciable amount of chalcopyrite. The outcrop of the copper-bearing rock, roughly 1,800 feet square, is bounded on the west, north, and east sides by fault zones. The south boundary is gradational. The pyrite to chalcopyrite ratio of the protore increases rapidly with depth, whereas the copper content decreases but slightly. The ore body is a shallow chalcocite zone formed by supergene enrichment. Bodies of granite porphyry within the copper-bearing area were not as strongly mineralized by hypogene solutions as the quartz monzonite, and in them the chalcocite zone is thin, undoubtedly because the granite porphyry is less pervious to ground water than the quartz monzonite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.49.4.362","usgsCitation":"Peterson, N.P., 1954, Copper cities copper deposit, Globe-Miami district, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 49, no. 4, p. 362-377, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.49.4.362.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"377","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Miami","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.91110229492188,\n 33.354620418436255\n ],\n [\n -110.83694458007811,\n 33.354620418436255\n ],\n [\n -110.83694458007811,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -110.91110229492188,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -110.91110229492188,\n 33.354620418436255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1954-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, N. P.","contributorId":29827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048221,"text":"tei356 - 1954 - The copper and uranium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T09:19:59","indexId":"tei356","displayToPublicDate":"1954-01-20T11:52:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"356","title":"The copper and uranium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The copper and uranium-vanadium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, N. Mec, are confined to the lower 2,000 feet of the Sangre de Gristo formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age. A narrow belt of deposits in steeply dipping or overturned rocks extends for 7 miles along Coyote Creek south of Guadalupita. Earlier studies showed that the copper deposits contained uranium, but both the reserves and the uranium content of the copper-bearing\nshale are too low to permit the recovery of uranium. However, small, commercial grade uranium deposits have been discovered in sandstone. Small lenses of copper-bearing carbonaceous shale, siltstone, limestone or sandstone, interbedded with predominantly red rocks, are present at intervals at 12 or more stratigraphic levels. The better deposits, in carbonaceous shale, average about 2 percent copper. The copper content of the other rocks is usually lower, but small concentrations may contain 6 percent copper. The principal copper minerals are chalcocite and malachite. Chalcocite replaces wood and forms nodules that contain small, variable amounts of pyrite, bornite, covellite, and rarely, uraninite. The uranium deposits occur as small closely spaced pockets that are commonly localized by sedimentary structures within one or more fluviatile arkosic sandstone beds near the middle of the formation, particularly\" where carbonized wood, clay galls, and rock fragments are abundant. The uraniferous sandstone is commonly stained pink by hematite that probably was introduced with the uranium. The color increases in intensity with the radioactivity. The outcrops of the uranium deposits are typically inconspicuous, but close inspection shows they contain malachite, chalcopyrite, black vanadium minerals of micaceous habit, metatyuyamunite and microscopic\ngrains of an unidentified black uraniferous substance. The proportion of copper, uranium, and vanadium is variable and any metal may be dominant. The metals probably were derived from pre-Cambrian granitic rocks. Copper and minor amounts of uranium were deposited in local stagnant basins by reaction with hydrogen sulfide. and decaying organic material. The uraniferous shales and the copper deposits are believed to be syngenetic, or nearly so, but the uranium deposits in sandstone are epigenetic and probably were deposited from ground waters with a possible hydrothermal admixture. The uranium and vanadium may have been\nreconcentrated from earlier, low-grade, syngenetic deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei356","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Tschanz, C., Laub, D., and Fuller, G., 1954, The copper and uranium deposits of the Coyote district, Mora County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 356, Report: 72 p.; Plate 2: 10.93 inches x 21.95 inches; Plate 6: 21.25 inches x 17.23 inches; Plate 8: 23.24 inches x 18.03 inches; Plate 9: 24.22 inches x 19.11 inches; Plate 10: 22.49 inches x 18.28 inches; Plate 12: 18.09 inches x 23.98 inches; Plate 13: 17.43 inches x 17.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei356.","productDescription":"Report: 72 p.; Plate 2: 10.93 inches x 21.95 inches; Plate 6: 21.25 inches x 17.23 inches; Plate 8: 23.24 inches x 18.03 inches; Plate 9: 24.22 inches x 19.11 inches; Plate 10: 22.49 inches x 18.28 inches; Plate 12: 18.09 inches x 23.98 inches; Plate 13: 17.43 inches x 17.46 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279516,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/report.pdf"},{"id":279517,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/plate-02.pdf"},{"id":279518,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/plate-06.pdf"},{"id":279519,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/plate-08.pdf"},{"id":279520,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/plate-09.pdf"},{"id":279521,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/plate-10.pdf"},{"id":279522,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/356/plate-13.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Mora County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.720284,35.755951 ], [ -105.720284,36.262924 ], [ -104.327354,36.262924 ], [ -104.327354,35.755951 ], [ -105.720284,35.755951 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523979fce4b04b9308ae4fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tschanz, C.M.","contributorId":62659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschanz","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laub, D.C.","contributorId":29493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laub","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, G.W.","contributorId":95540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71342,"text":"tei292 - 1954 - Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in eastern Alaska, 1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T12:40:11","indexId":"tei292","displayToPublicDate":"1954-01-01T13:16:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"292","title":"Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in eastern Alaska, 1952","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits was conducted in selected areas of eastern Alaska during 1952. Examination of copper, silver, and molybdenum occurrences and of a reported nickel prospect in the Slana-Nabesna and Chisana districts in the eastern Alaska Range revealed a maximum radioactivity of about 0.003 percent equivalent uranium. No appreciable radioactivity anomolies were indicated by aerial and foot traverses in the area.
\nReconnaissance for possible lode concentrations of uranium minerals in the vicinity of reported fluoride occurrences in the Hope Creek and Miller House-Circle Hot Springs areas of the Circle quadrangle and in the Fortymile district found a maximum of 0.055 percent equivalent uranium in a float fragment of ferruginous breccia in the Hope Creek area; analysis of samples obtained in the vicinity of the other fluoride occurrences showed a maximum of only 0.005 percent equivalent uranium.
\nNo uraniferous loads were discovered in the Koyukuk-Chandalar region, nor was the source of the monazite, previously reported in the placer concentrates from the Chandalar mining district, located. The source of the uranotheorianite in the placers at Gold Bench on the South Fork of the Koyukuk River was not found during a brief reconaissance, but a placer concentrate was obtained that contains 0.18 percent equivalent uranium. This concentrate is about ten times more radioactive than concentrates previously available from the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei292","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.E., West, W., and Matzko, J., 1954, Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in eastern Alaska, 1952: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 292, Report: 55 p.; 2 Plates: 14.70 x 13.76 inches and 13.37 x 11.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei292.","productDescription":"Report: 55 p.; 2 Plates: 14.70 x 13.76 inches and 13.37 x 11.30 inches","numberOfPages":"56","temporalStart":"1952-01-01","temporalEnd":"1952-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei292.jpg"},{"id":284533,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0292/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284534,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0292/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":284535,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0292/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.84,61.34 ], [ -149.84,68.95 ], [ -139.66,68.95 ], [ -139.66,61.34 ], [ -149.84,61.34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559531e4b0120853e8c18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Arthur Edward","contributorId":39459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"West, Walter S.","contributorId":32511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Walter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matzko, John J.","contributorId":79459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matzko","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113714,"text":"tei125 - 1954 - Uranium deposits in the Eureka Gulch area, Central City district, Gilpin County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T11:16:16","indexId":"tei125","displayToPublicDate":"1954-01-01T11:52:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"125","title":"Uranium deposits in the Eureka Gulch area, Central City district, Gilpin County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Eureka Gulch area of the Central City district, Gilpin County, Colo., was mined for ores of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc; but there has been little mining activity in the area since World War I. Between 1951 and 1953 nine radioactive mine dumps were discovered in the area by the U.S. Geological Survey and by prospectors. the importance of the discoveries has not been determined as all but one of the mines are inaccessible, but the distribution, quantity, and grade of the radioactive materials found on the mine dumps indicate that the area is worth of additional exploration as a possible source of uranium ore.
\nThe uranium ans other metals are in and near steeply dipping mesothermal veins of Laramide age intrusive rocks. Pitchblende is present in at least four veins, and metatorbernite, associated at places with kosolite, is found along two veins for a linear distance of about 700 feet. The pitchblends and metatorbernite appear to be mutually exclusive and seem to occur in different veins. Colloform grains of pitchblende were deposited in the vein essentially contemporaneously with pyrite. The pitchblende is earlier in the sequence of deposition than galena and sphalerite. The metatorbernite replaces altered biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss and altered amphibolite, and to a lesser extent forms coatings on fractures in these rocks adjacent to the veins; the kasolite fills vugs in highly altered material and in altered wall rocks. Much of the pitchblende found on the dumps has been partly leached subsequent to mining and is out of equilibrium. Selected samples of metatorbernite-bearing rock from one mine dump contain as much as 6.11 percent uranium.
\nThe pitchblende is a primary vein mineral deposited from uranium-bearing hydrothermal solutions. The metatorbernite probably formed by oxidation, solution, and transportation of uranium from primary pitchblende, but it may be a primary mineral deposited directly from fluids of different composition from these that deposited pitchblende.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei125","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., Osterwald, F.W., and Tooker, E.W., 1954, Uranium deposits in the Eureka Gulch area, Central City district, Gilpin County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 125, Report: 52 p.; 2 Plates: 21.75 x 11.51 inches and 20.29 x 12.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei125.","productDescription":"Report: 52 p.; 2 Plates: 21.75 x 11.51 inches and 20.29 x 12.76 inches","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289892,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0125/figure-2.pdf"},{"id":289893,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0125/figure-3.pdf"},{"id":289894,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0125/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gilpin County","otherGeospatial":"Eureka Gulch Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.55,39.75 ], [ -105.55,39.8 ], [ -105.5,39.8 ], [ -105.5,39.75 ], [ -105.55,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae788ee4b0abf75cf2d899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterwald, F. W.","contributorId":46950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterwald","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tooker, E. W.","contributorId":102071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tooker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048609,"text":"tem645 - 1954 - Progress report on the Happy Jack mine, Which Canyon area, San Juan county, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048609,"text":"tem645 - 1954 - Progress report on the Happy Jack mine, Which Canyon area, San Juan county, Utah","indexId":"tem645","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the Happy Jack mine, Which Canyon area, San Juan county, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":44296,"text":"b1009H - 1955 - Geology of the Happy Jack mine, White Canyon area, San Juan County, Utah","indexId":"b1009H","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Geology of the Happy Jack mine, White Canyon area, San Juan County, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":44296,"text":"b1009H - 1955 - Geology of the Happy Jack mine, White Canyon area, San Juan County, Utah","indexId":"b1009H","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Happy Jack mine, White Canyon area, San Juan County, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:59:50","indexId":"tem645","displayToPublicDate":"1954-01-01T09:38:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"645","title":"Progress report on the Happy Jack mine, Which Canyon area, San Juan county, Utah","docAbstract":"The Happy Jack mine is in the White Canyon area, San Juan county, Utah. Production is from high-grade uranium deposits in the Shinarump conglomerate of the Triassic age. In this area the Shinarump beds range from about 16 to 40 feet in thickness and the lower part of these beds fills an east-trending channel this is note than 750 feet wide and 10 feet deep. The Shinarump conglomerate consists of beds of coarse- to fine-grained quartzose sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, and claystone. Carbonized wood is abundant in these beds, and in the field it was classified as mineral charcoal and coal. Intra-Shinarump channels, cross-stratification, current lineation, and slumping and compaction structures have been recognized in the mine. Steeply dipping fractures have dominant trends in four directions -- N 65°W, N 60°E, N 85°E, and due north. Uranium occurs as bedded deposits, as replacement bodies in accumulations of \"trash\", and as replacements of larger fragments of wood. An \"ore shoot\" is formed where the three types of uranium deposits occur together; these ore shoots appear to be elongate masses with sharp boundaries. Uranium minerals include uraninite, sooty pitchblende(?), and the sulfate--betazippeite, johannite, and uranopilite. Associated with the uraninite are the sulfide minerals covellite, bornite, chalcopyritw, and pyrite. Galena and sphalerite have been found in close association with uranium minerals. The gaunge minerals include: limonite and hematite present in most of the sandstone beds throughout the deposit, jarosite that impregnates much of the sandstone in the outer parts of the mine workings, gypsum that fills many of the fractures, and barite that impregnates the sandstone in at least one part of the mine. Secondary copper minerals, mainly copper sulfates, occur throughout the mine, but most abundant near the adits in the outermost 30 feet of the workings. The minerals comprising the bulk of the country rock include quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. The amount of uranium minerals deposited in a sandstone bed is believed to have been determined by the position of the bed in the channel, the permeability of the sandstone in the bed, and the amount of carbonized wood and plant remains within the bed. The beds considered most favorable for uranium deposition contain an abundance of claystone and siltstone both as matrix filling and as fragments and pebbles. Suggested exploration guides from uranium ore bodies include the following: (1) interbedded siltstone lenses, (2) claystone and siltstone cement and pabbles, (3) concentrations of \"trash\", (4) covelllite and bornite, (5) chalcopyrite, and (6) carbonized wood.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem645","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Trites, A.F., and Chew, R.T., 1954, Progress report on the Happy Jack mine, Which Canyon area, San Juan county, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 645, Report: 20 p.; 2 Plates: 14.86 x 23.81 inches and 14.98 x 23.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem645.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 2 Plates: 14.86 x 23.81 inches and 14.98 x 23.95 inches","numberOfPages":"22","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0645/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283299,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0645/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":283300,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0645/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":283298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0645/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Happy Jack Mine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.307082,37.74534 ], [ -110.307082,37.761595 ], [ -110.285524,37.761595 ], [ -110.285524,37.74534 ], [ -110.307082,37.74534 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b9309e4b058918d0acc32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trites, Albert F. Jr.","contributorId":40652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trites","given":"Albert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, Randall T. III","contributorId":14290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"Randall","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010701,"text":"70010701 - 1954 - The White Pine copper deposit, Ontonagon County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-09T16:20:48.23382","indexId":"70010701","displayToPublicDate":"1954-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The White Pine copper deposit, Ontonagon County, Michigan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.119.3089.354","usgsCitation":"White, W., and Wright, J.C., 1954, The White Pine copper deposit, Ontonagon County, Michigan: Science, v. 119, no. 3089, p. 354-355, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.119.3089.354.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"355","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Ontonagon County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.8875,46.7677],[-89.8767,46.7758],[-89.8441,46.8],[-89.822,46.8093],[-89.8188,46.8103],[-89.7952,46.8168],[-89.7769,46.8223],[-89.7624,46.8236],[-89.7433,46.8282],[-89.7156,46.8311],[-89.6904,46.8317],[-89.6891,46.8317],[-89.6686,46.8336],[-89.6533,46.8312],[-89.6282,46.8212],[-89.6163,46.8205],[-89.6065,46.8235],[-89.5953,46.827],[-89.5855,46.8295],[-89.5658,46.8336],[-89.5605,46.8347],[-89.5579,46.8347],[-89.5534,46.8376],[-89.5488,46.839],[-89.5434,46.8364],[-89.5282,46.8395],[-89.5191,46.8424],[-89.5112,46.8435],[-89.4944,46.8402],[-89.4837,46.8386],[-89.4705,46.8389],[-89.442,46.84],[-89.438,46.8405],[-89.4295,46.8421],[-89.4078,46.8462],[-89.4045,46.8472],[-89.3868,46.8531],[-89.3658,46.8581],[-89.3541,46.863],[-89.3449,46.8659],[-89.3319,46.8726],[-89.3097,46.8813],[-89.2987,46.8871],[-89.2855,46.8901],[-89.2653,46.8983],[-89.2359,46.9099],[-89.2203,46.918],[-89.2011,46.9349],[-89.1985,46.9368],[-89.196,46.9401],[-89.1877,46.9485],[-89.1851,46.9513],[-89.1768,46.9602],[-89.1717,46.9649],[-89.1567,46.9711],[-89.1491,46.9818],[-89.1433,46.9861],[-89.1355,46.9895],[-89.129,46.9937],[-89.1244,46.9947],[-89.1237,46.9947],[-89.119,46.9939],[-89.1134,46.9876],[-89.0847,46.9849],[-89.0828,46.9849],[-89.0768,46.986],[-89.0709,46.9875],[-89.0578,46.9923],[-89.0545,46.9937],[-89.0427,46.9981],[-89.0249,47.0016],[-89.0209,47.0022],[-89.022,46.9966],[-89.0173,46.9949],[-88.9948,46.9967],[-88.9783,47.0011],[-88.9678,47.0045],[-88.9567,47.0098],[-88.947,47.0173],[-88.9438,47.021],[-88.9405,47.0229],[-88.9399,47.0238],[-88.9355,47.0294],[-88.934,46.9358],[-88.9328,46.8499],[-88.9317,46.7655],[-88.8641,46.7658],[-88.8645,46.7415],[-88.8643,46.6795],[-88.9537,46.6803],[-88.9821,46.6802],[-88.9921,46.68],[-88.9927,46.591],[-88.9927,46.5759],[-88.9927,46.4182],[-88.9921,46.3311],[-89.0513,46.3314],[-89.1159,46.3315],[-89.2404,46.3328],[-89.3661,46.3329],[-89.3655,46.3948],[-89.3652,46.4182],[-89.365,46.5044],[-89.4924,46.5053],[-89.6113,46.5054],[-89.7388,46.5071],[-89.7377,46.5919],[-89.8363,46.5933],[-89.866,46.5934],[-89.8648,46.6348],[-89.8638,46.6788],[-89.864,46.71],[-89.864,46.7224],[-89.863,46.7674],[-89.8875,46.7677]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ontonagon\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","volume":"119","issue":"3089","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba983e4b08c986b3222ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter S.","contributorId":34492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":359449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, James C.","contributorId":83936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35638,"text":"b998C - 1953 - Some lead-zinc and zinc-copper deposits of the Ketchikan and Wales districts, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:42","indexId":"b998C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"998","chapter":"C","title":"Some lead-zinc and zinc-copper deposits of the Ketchikan and Wales districts, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b998C","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.D., and Twenhofel, W.S., 1953, Some lead-zinc and zinc-copper deposits of the Ketchikan and Wales districts, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 998, p. 59-84, ill., maps (2 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b998C.","productDescription":"p. 59-84, ill., maps (2 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63531,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63532,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63533,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G. D.","contributorId":96669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenhofel, William Stephens","contributorId":15597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenhofel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39190,"text":"pp256 - 1953 - Geology of the San Manuel copper deposit, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T00:47:17.818932","indexId":"pp256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"256","title":"Geology of the San Manuel copper deposit, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp256","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, G.M., 1953, Geology of the San Manuel copper deposit, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 256, Report: iv, 65 p.; 12 Plates: 36.00 x 16.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp256.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 65 p.; 12 Plates: 36.00 x 16.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":66796,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66795,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66793,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66792,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66790,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66794,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66797,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66798,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66787,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66791,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0256/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104407,"rank":15,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4237.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4237"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Manuel copper deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.76219831528186,\n 32.73288303176392\n ],\n [\n -110.76219831528186,\n 32.65540978035382\n ],\n [\n -110.65212842469779,\n 32.65540978035382\n ],\n [\n -110.65212842469779,\n 32.73288303176392\n ],\n [\n -110.76219831528186,\n 32.73288303176392\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, G. M.","contributorId":20380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71174,"text":"tei75 - 1953 - Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in the Nixon Fork mining district, Medfra Quadrangle, central Alaska, 1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:55:00","indexId":"tei75","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75","title":"Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in the Nixon Fork mining district, Medfra Quadrangle, central Alaska, 1949","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in the Nixon Fork mining district, Medfra quadrangle, central Alaska, in 1949 disclosed the occurrence of allanite in sampled containing as much as 0.05 percent equivalent uranium from the dump of the Whalen mine; the presence of radioactive parisite (a rare-earth fluocarbonate) in a highly altered limestone containing about 0.025 percent equivalent uranium near the Whalen shaft; and radioactive idocrase in samples of altered garnet rock with about 0.025 percent equivalent uranium, form the Crystal shaft of the Nixon Fork mine. This radioactivity is due mostly to thorium rather than uranium. Placer concentrates\nfrom Ruby and Eagle Creeks contain 0.078 and 0.26 percent equivalent uranium respectively,\nin which the radioactivity is due chiefly to uraniferous thorianite. The\nbedrock source of the uraniferous thorianite was not located primarily because much of\nthe area is overlain by a relatively thick mantle of vegetation (mostly moss) which\nlimited the effectiveness of radiometric surveying. The uraniferous thorianite is\nbelieved to occur in a restricted zone or zones at or near the contact of limestone with\nmonzonite similar to the gold-copper ores of the district and the deposits of radioactive\nparisite and garnet rock at the Whelan and Crystal shafts respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei75","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"White, M., and Stevens, J.M., 1953, Reconnaissance for radioactive deposits in the Nixon Fork mining district, Medfra Quadrangle, central Alaska, 1949: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 75, Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 9.66 x 10.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei75.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; 1 Plate: 9.66 x 10.82 inches","numberOfPages":"53","temporalStart":"1949-01-01","temporalEnd":"1949-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/075/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285593,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0075/figure-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nixon Fork Mining District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.22,63.24 ], [ -155.22,63.25 ], [ -155.14,63.25 ], [ -155.14,63.24 ], [ -155.22,63.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6443a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Max G.","contributorId":22426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Max G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, John M.","contributorId":18746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":34482,"text":"b998A - 1953 - Zinc-copper deposit at Tracy Arm, Petersburg district, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55235,"text":"ofr4490 - 1944 - Zinc-copper deposit at Tracy Arm, Juneau district, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"ofr4490","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Zinc-copper deposit at Tracy Arm, Juneau district, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34482,"text":"b998A - 1953 - Zinc-copper deposit at Tracy Arm, Petersburg district, Alaska","indexId":"b998A","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Zinc-copper deposit at Tracy Arm, Petersburg district, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:30","indexId":"b998A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"998","chapter":"A","title":"Zinc-copper deposit at Tracy Arm, Petersburg district, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b998A","usgsCitation":"Gault, H.R., and Fellows, R.E., 1953, Zinc-copper deposit at Tracy Arm, Petersburg district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 998, p. 1-13, ill., maps (fold. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b998A.","productDescription":"p. 1-13, ill., maps (fold. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62387,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62388,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62389,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62390,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0998a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dde52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gault, Hugh Richard","contributorId":57442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellows, R. E.","contributorId":91919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellows","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4220,"text":"cir320 - 1953 - Uranium occurrences in the Golden Gate Canyon and Ralston Creek areas, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-04T20:52:26.330495","indexId":"cir320","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"320","title":"Uranium occurrences in the Golden Gate Canyon and Ralston Creek areas, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Pitchblende, associated with base-metal sulfides, has been found at nine localities in the northern part of Jefferson County, Colo., in shear zones that cut pre-Cambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, chiefly hornblende gneiss, biotite schist, and granite pegmatite. The known deposits are in the vicinity of Halston Creek and Golden Gate Canyon, in the foothills of the Colorado Front Range and about 15 miles east of the pitchblende-producing area of the Central City district. Two of the pitchblende occurrences were found by a local prospector in 1949; the seven other deposits were found by Geological Survey. personnel in 1951-52. \r\n\r\nThe pitchblende deposits, with one exception, are in major shear zones that contain veinlike bodies of carbonate-rich breccia that ranges from 1 to 5 feet in \r\n\r\nthickness. The breccias probably are related to the Laramide faults, or 'breccia reefs' of similar trend, mapped by Loverinq and Goddard (1950). The breccias are composed of fragments of bleached and iron-stained wall rock, usually hornblende gneiss, that have been cut by veins and cemented by carbonate minerals, quartz, and orthoclase(?). Pitchblende and associated ore minerals, chiefly copper sulfides, occur in and along the margins of the breccias and apparently were introduced at a late stage of the carbonate deposition. At one deposit, the Buckman, the pitchblende is in narrow shear zones not closely related to any large breccia bodies. \r\n\r\nSecondary uranium minerals are subordinate except at the Schwartzwalder mine, where torbernite and metatorbernite are common. Some alteration of pitchblende to non-opaque materials, believed to be hydrated oxides, has been noted in ore from two of the deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir320","usgsCitation":"Adams, J.W., Gude, A.J., and Beroni, E., 1953, Uranium occurrences in the Golden Gate Canyon and Ralston Creek areas, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 320, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir320.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":463627,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23730.htm","text":"Golden Gate Canyon area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0320/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31334,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0320/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463628,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23750.htm","text":"Ralston Creek area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, John Wagstaff","contributorId":102451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Wagstaff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gude, A. J. III","contributorId":25554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beroni, E.P.","contributorId":13222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroni","given":"E.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16572,"text":"ofr53273 - 1953 - The Robinson and Weatherly uraniferous pyrobitumen deposits near Placerville, San Miguel County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:09","indexId":"ofr53273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-273","title":"The Robinson and Weatherly uraniferous pyrobitumen deposits near Placerville, San Miguel County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Uranium deposits that contain uraniferous pyrobitumen of possible hydrothermal origin occur at the Weatherly and Robinson properties near Placerville, San Miguel County, Colo. These deposits were mined for copper, silver, and gold more than 50 years ago and were developed for uranium in 1950. \r\n\r\nThe Robinson property, half a mile east of Placerville, consists of the White Spar, New Discovery Lode, and Barbara Jo claims. The rocks in this area are nearly horizontal sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates of the Cutler formation of Permian age and the Dolores formation of Triassic and Jurassic (?) age. These rocks have been faulted extensively and intruded by a Tertiary (?) andesite porphyry dike. Uranium-bearing pyrobitumen associated with tennantite, tetrahedrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, azurite, malachite, calcite, barite, and quartz occurs in a lenticular body as much as 40 feet long and 6 feet wide along a northwest-trending, steeply dipping normal fault. The uranium content of eleven samples from the uranium deposit ranges from 0.001 to 0.045 percent uranium and averages about 0.02 percent uranium. \r\n\r\nThe Weatherly property, about a mile northwest of Placerville, consists of the Black King claims nos. 1, 4, and 5. The rocks in this area include the complexly faulted Cutler formation of Permian age and the Dolores formation of Triassic and Jurassic (?) age. Uranium-bearing pyrobitumen arid uranophane occur, along a northwest-trending, steeply dipping normal fault and in the sedimentary rocks on the hanging wall of the fault. Lens-shaped deposits in the fault zone are as much as 6 feet long and 2 feet wide and contain as much as 9 percent uranium; whereas channel samples across the fault zone contain from 0.001 to 0.014 percent uranium. Tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, fuchsite, malachite, azurite, erythrite, bornite, and molybdite in a gangue of pyrite, calcite, barite, and quartz are associated with the uraniferous material. In the sedimentary rocks on the hanging wall, uranium-bearing pyrobitumen occurs in replacement lenses as much as,8 inches wide and 6 feet long, and in nodules as much as 6 inches in diameter for approximately 100 feet away from the fault. Pyrite and calcite are closely associated with the uraniferous material in the sedimentary rocks. Samples from the replacement bodies contain from 0. 007 to 1.4 percent uranium.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr53273","usgsCitation":"Wilmarth, V., and Vickers, R., 1953, The Robinson and Weatherly uraniferous pyrobitumen deposits near Placerville, San Miguel County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-273, 43 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53273.","productDescription":"43 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45561,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0273/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45562,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0273/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45563,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0273/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45564,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0273/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45565,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67acc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilmarth, V.R.","contributorId":20803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmarth","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vickers, R.C.","contributorId":50583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickers","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16530,"text":"ofr53269 - 1953 - Stratigraphic sections at White Pine copper mine, Ontonagon County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T20:45:26.578874","indexId":"ofr53269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-269","title":"Stratigraphic sections at White Pine copper mine, Ontonagon County, Michigan","docAbstract":"The lithology and stratigraphy of the ore zones near the base of the Nonesuch formation in the vicinity of the White Pine copper mine, Ontonagon County, Michigan, are shown on preliminary stratigraphic sections that have been made available for examination.
Partial logs of 91 holes, drilled by the Copper Range Company from 1937 to 1949 in an area of approximately 9 square miles, are graphically presented on 15 sheets. The stratigraphic sections, at vertical scale of 1 inch equals 4 feet, show lithologic details of composition, bedding, and color, in the lower 60 feet of the Nonesuch formation and in the top of the immediately underlying rocks. The stratigraphic sections of 7 drill holes long the line of the main service drift now being driven to develop the White Pine mine have copper assays (from records of the Copper Range Company) correlated with the lithology. These assays are representative of the area, and they illustrate the stratigraphic restriction of the ore and the persistent correlation between lithology and copper content.
This open-file material, entitled \"Stratigraphic sections at White Pine, Ontonagon County, Michigan\", records the lithologic end stratigraphic classification of these drill cores by W. S. White end J. C. Wright, end copies are available for examination in the offices of the Geological Survey: Room 1033 (Library), General Services Administration Washington, D. C.; Room 213 Science Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison 6, Wisconsin; and Calumet, Michigan; and at the office of the Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department of Conservation, Lansing, Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr53269","usgsCitation":"White, W., and Wright, J., 1953, Stratigraphic sections at White Pine copper mine, Ontonagon County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-269, Report: 2 p.; 15 Plates: 46.33 x 24.93 inches or smaller; 2 Figures: 19.07 x 22.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53269.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 15 Plates: 46.33 x 24.93 inches or smaller; 2 Figures: 19.07 x 22.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487991,"rank":19,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0269/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 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