Metropolitan Atlanta-September 2009 Floods
South Georgia March and April 2009 Floods
Successful biodiversity conservation requires high quality monitoring data and analyses to ensure scientifically defensible policy, legislation, and management. Although monitoring is a critical component in assessing population status and trends, many governmental and non-governmental organizations struggle to develop and implement effective sampling protocols and statistical analyses because of the magnitude and diversity of species in conservation concern. In this article we describe a practical and sophisticated data collection and analysis framework for developing a comprehensive wildlife monitoring program that includes multi-species inventory techniques and community-level hierarchical modeling. Compared to monitoring many species individually, the multi-species approach allows for improved estimates of individual species occurrences, including rare species, and an increased understanding of the aggregated response of a community to landscape and habitat heterogeneity. We demonstrate the benefits and practicality of this approach to address challenges associated with monitoring in the context of US state agencies that are legislatively required to monitor and protect species in greatest conservation need. We believe this approach will be useful to regional, national, and international organizations interested in assessing the status of both common and rare species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-010-9457-7","usgsCitation":"DeWan, A.A., and Zipkin, E., 2010, An integrated sampling and analysis approach for improved biodiversity monitoring: Environmental Management, v. 45, no. 5, p. 1223-1230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9457-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1230","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6845aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWan, Amielle A.","contributorId":24486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWan","given":"Amielle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045136,"text":"70045136 - 2010 - Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving PAGER losses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-30T17:36:18.835597","indexId":"70045136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving PAGER losses","docAbstract":"This study presents a quantitative and geospatial description of global losses due to earthquake-induced secondary effects, including landslide, liquefaction, tsunami, and fire for events during the past 40 years. These processes are of great importance to the US Geological Survey’s (USGS) Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system, which is currently being developed to deliver rapid earthquake impact and loss assessments following large/significant global earthquakes. An important question is how dominant are losses due to secondary effects (and under what conditions, and in which regions)? Thus, which of these effects should receive higher priority research efforts in order to enhance PAGER’s overall assessment of earthquakes losses and alerting for the likelihood of secondary impacts? We find that while 21.5% of fatal earthquakes have deaths due to secondary (non-shaking) causes, only rarely are secondary effects the main cause of fatalities. The recent 2004 Great Sumatra–Andaman Islands earthquake is a notable exception, with extraordinary losses due to tsunami. The potential for secondary hazards varies greatly, and systematically, due to regional geologic and geomorphic conditions. Based on our findings, we have built country-specific disclaimers for PAGER that address potential for each hazard (Earle et al., Proceedings of the 14th World Conference of the Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, 2008). We will now focus on ways to model casualties from secondary effects based on their relative importance as well as their general predictability.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-009-9372-5","usgsCitation":"Marano, K., Wald, D.J., and Allen, T., 2010, Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving PAGER losses: Natural Hazards, v. 52, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9372-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","ipdsId":"IP-007735","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9372-5"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc465e4b05024ef3cd400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marano, Kristin kmarano@usgs.gov","contributorId":3967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marano","given":"Kristin","email":"kmarano@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Trevor I.","contributorId":138667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Trevor","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006214,"text":"70006214 - 2010 - Baseline survey for rare plant species and native plant communities within the Kamehameha Schools 'Lupea Safe Harbor Planning Project Area, North Kona District, Island of Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:24:28","indexId":"70006214","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-22T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-020","title":"Baseline survey for rare plant species and native plant communities within the Kamehameha Schools 'Lupea Safe Harbor Planning Project Area, North Kona District, Island of Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Kamehameha Schools, in conjunction with several federal, state, and private organizations, has proposed to conduct conservation management on approximately 5,340 ha (~13,200 acres) of land they own in the vicinity of Kīpukalupea in the North Kona District on the island of Hawai'i. The goal of this program is to restore and enhance the habitat to benefit native plant and animal populations that are currently, or were formerly, found in this site. The initial phase of this project has been focused on various activities including conducting baseline surveys for bird and plant species so Kamehameha Schools could develop a Safe Harbor Agreement (SHA) for the proposed project lands relative to the habitat management and species reintroduction efforts they would like to conduct in the Lupea Project area. This report summarizes methods that were used to collect field data on plant species and communities within the project area, and the results of that initial survey. The information was used to calculate baseline values for all listed threatened or endangered plant species found, or expected to be found, within the project area, and to design a monitoring program to assess changes in plant communities and rare plant species relative to management activities over the duration of the SHA.
\nThe Lupea Project area contains excellent examples of several high elevation native plant communities including montane dry forest and woodland, native subalpine shrubland, and native grassland. Between November 2003 and January 2004 we sampled plant communities and species along seven transects established through the project area. A total of 109 plant species were found during this survey, within the transect grid and in nearby areas. Forty-four of these plants are endemic species, 21 are indigenous species, 43 are introduced, and one species is believed to have been introduced to Hawai„i by early Polynesian settlers. Only one federally listed Endangered plant, Asplenium peruvianum var. insulare, was found within the survey area. Additionally, we found one immature plant that may be Sicyos macrophyllus, a candidate species for listing. However, we were not able to make a definite determination of this species‟ identity since it did not have fruits or flowers. Finally, we documented four plant species within the survey area that have no official status designation but are considered to be rare and informally recognized as “species of concern” (SOC) as they appear to be declining in distribution and abundance statewide. These included Chamaesyce olowaluana, Eragrostis deflexa, Sisyrinchium acre, and Tetramolopium consanguineum. In addition to conducting field surveys, we performed a query on a spatial database developed by Dr. Jonathan Price of the University of Hawai„i at Hilo which models the potential range of all native Hawaiian plant species based on historic observations and a set of environmental parameters. The potential species list for the Lupea Project area includes 47 taxa that we did not find during our surveys, as well as three other listed species that were not modeled by Price, but known from historic records in adjacent habitats. Some of these species are extremely rare or, in some cases have been locally extirpated. However, most of the plants that were predicted but not found during our surveys are expected to be located with additional searching, or may potentially recolonize the area following the elimination of ungulates and initiation of other restoration efforts. Forty-four introduced plant species were found within the survey area, seven of which are considered to be highly invasive. These include the grasses Pennisetum clandestinum and Pennisetum setaceum, vines Delairea odorata and Passiflora tarminiana, herbs Senecio madagascariensis and Verbascum thapsus, and the shrub Rubus niveus.
\nNon-zero baseline values are proposed for the one listed plant species found within the Lupea Project area, one species that is a candidate for listing, and the four other rare species we found that may be considered for listing in the future. Additionally, a zero baseline is proposed for 23 other species that were predicted, but not found within the project area. These include 14 Endangered species, one Threatened species, two candidates for listing, and six species of concern. Subsequent monitoring of the site will be necessary to determine if the populations of these species have increased or decreased relative to their baseline values. It is presumed that the management activities Kamehameha Schools has proposed for this area, particularly removal of the ungulates and weed control, will provide a benefit to the habitat as a whole and allow for natural regeneration and maintenance of the all elements of the plant communities found there.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Jacobi, J., Warshauer, F., and Price, J., 2010, Baseline survey for rare plant species and native plant communities within the Kamehameha Schools 'Lupea Safe Harbor Planning Project Area, North Kona District, Island of Hawai'i: Technical Report HCSU-020, viii, 63 p.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025137","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8b5e4b0ebae89b7885e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobi, James","contributorId":21073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warshauer, F. 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The marine plants and invertebrates that occupy intertidal shores form highly productive communities that are ecologically important to a number of vertebrate and invertebrate consumers and that are vulnerable to human disturbances. To better understand these communities and their sensitivity, it is important to obtain information on species abundances over space and time. During field studies from 1997 to 2001, I investigated probability-based rocky intertidal monitoring designs that allow inference of results to similar habitat within the bay and that reduce bias. Aerial surveys of a subset of intertidal habitat indicated that the original target habitat of bedrock-dominated sites with slope less than or equal to 30 degrees was rare. This finding illustrated the value of probability-based surveys and led to a shift in the target habitat type to more mixed rocky habitat with steeper slopes. Subsequently, I investigated different sampling methods and strategies for their relative power to detect changes in the abundances of the predominant sessile intertidal taxa: barnacles -Balanomorpha, the mussel Mytilus trossulus and the rockweed Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens. I found that lower-intensity sampling of 25 randomly selected sites (= coarse-grained sampling) provided a greater ability to detect changes in the abundances of these taxa than did more intensive sampling of 6 sites (= fine-grained sampling). Because of its greater power, the coarse-grained sampling scheme was adopted in subsequent years. This report provides detailed analyses of the 4 years of data and evaluates the relative effect of different sampling attributes and management-set parameters on the ability of the sampling to detect changes in the abundances of these taxa. The intent was to provide managers with information to guide design choices for intertidal monitoring. I found that the coarse-grained surveys, as conducted from 1998 to 2001, had power ranging from 0.68 to 1.0 to detect 10 percent annual changes in the abundances of these predominant sessile species. The information gained through intertidal monitoring would be useful in assessing changes due to climate (including ocean acidification), invasive species, trampling effects, and oil spills.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101283","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Irvine, G.V., 2010, Development of monitoring protocols to detect change in rocky intertidal communities of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1283, vi, 29 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices; Downloads: Report Body; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101283.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices; Downloads: Report Body; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1283.jpg"},{"id":14395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1283/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Gail V. girvine@usgs.gov","contributorId":2368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Gail","email":"girvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98944,"text":"pp176915 - 2010 - Petrology and geochemistry of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 15 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98944,"text":"pp176915 - 2010 - Petrology and geochemistry of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 15 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","indexId":"pp176915","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"15","title":"Petrology and geochemistry of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 15 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98929,"text":"pp1769 - 2010 - The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","indexId":"pp1769","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":98929,"text":"pp1769 - 2010 - The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","indexId":"pp1769","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T15:02:51","indexId":"pp176915","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1769","chapter":"15","title":"Petrology and geochemistry of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 15 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Deposits from the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, record a complex history of magma mixing before and during the eruption. The eruption produced five major lithologies: low-silica andesite scoria (LSAS; 56.5 to 58.7 weight percent SiO2), mostly during the initial explosive phase; high-silica andesite pumice (HSA; 62.2 to 63.3 weight percent SiO2), prevalent during the continuous phase; dense low-silica andesite (DLSA; 56.4 to 59.3 weight percent SiO2), predominantly during the late effusive phase; and dense intermediate andesite (DIA) and banded clasts, present throughout the eruption but most abundant in the continuous phase. The DIA and banded clasts have compositions that fall between and partially overlap the ranges noted above. All rock types are phenocryst-rich (36 to 44 volume percent), containing plagioclase, orthopyroxene, augite, Fe-Ti oxides, olivine, and rare amphibole, apatite, and anhydrite. Glasses from tephra and flow-deposit clasts range from 66 to nearly 80 weight percent SiO2 and represent highly evolved melt relative to the bulk rock compositions. Fe-Ti oxides recorded fO2 ~2 log units above the Ni-NiO buffer and temperatures of 904±47°C and 838±14°C from LSAS and HSA samples, respectively, with the intermediate lithologies falling in the middle of these ranges. The dense low-silica andesite and scoria (collectively LSA) are compositionally nearly identical, and trace-element patterns show that the HSA is not the result of shallow crustal fractionation of the LSA. The petrological and geochemical data indicate that two-component magma mixing between the LSA and HSA caused the compositional spread in eruptive products. The phenocryst population in the LSA suggests that it represents a hybrid formed from the HSA and an unerupted, basaltic “replenishing” magma. On the basis of petrological and geophysical observations reported here and elsewhere in this volume, the HSA was stored as a crystal-rich mush with its top at ~5-km depth. An influx of basalt remobilized and partially mixed with a portion of the mush, forming the hybrid LSA. The lower viscosity LSA ascended towards the surface as a dike, erupting during the explosive phase in mid-January 2006. In late January, a large explosion produced the first significant volumes of HSA, followed by several days of rapid HSA effusion during the eruption’s continuous phase. After a three-week hiatus marked by elevated gas output, signifying an open system, degassed LSA erupted during the final, effusive phase. Consistency in eruptive styles and compositions suggests that the HSA magma body may have been similarly rejuvenated during the past several eruptions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp176915","usgsCitation":"Larsen, J., Nye, C.J., Coombs, M.L., Tilman, M., Izbekov, P., and Cameron, C., 2010, Petrology and geochemistry of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 15 in The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1769, 48 p.; Appendixes: 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp176915.","productDescription":"48 p.; Appendixes: 1-5","startPage":"335","endPage":"382","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1769/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1769_15.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.51470947265625,\n 59.412945785071\n ],\n [\n -153.47625732421875,\n 59.41993301322722\n ],\n [\n -153.446044921875,\n 59.428315784042574\n ],\n [\n -153.39385986328125,\n 59.428315784042574\n ],\n [\n -153.36090087890622,\n 59.41574084934491\n ],\n [\n -153.34442138671875,\n 59.39477224351409\n ],\n [\n -153.31695556640625,\n 59.37658895163648\n ],\n [\n -153.32794189453125,\n 59.33599107056162\n ],\n [\n -153.37188720703125,\n 59.32338185310805\n ],\n [\n -153.446044921875,\n 59.31777625443006\n ],\n [\n -153.5394287109375,\n 59.31076795603884\n ],\n [\n -153.577880859375,\n 59.32618430580267\n ],\n [\n -153.577880859375,\n 59.35139598294652\n ],\n [\n -153.60260009765625,\n 59.379387015928536\n ],\n [\n -153.59161376953125,\n 59.404559208021745\n ],\n [\n -153.55865478515625,\n 59.410150490100754\n ],\n [\n -153.51470947265625,\n 59.412945785071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bda","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647324,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647325,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":97458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647326,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Jessica F.","contributorId":32149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Jessica F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nye, Christopher J.","contributorId":55418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tilman, Mariah","contributorId":48548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilman","given":"Mariah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Izbekov, Pavel","contributorId":85950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbekov","given":"Pavel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl","contributorId":38543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70208551,"text":"70208551 - 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Yet assessments are rarely conducted to determine how well models simulate carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions. Using standardized data from the North American Carbon Program we compare observed and simulated monthly CO2 exchange from 44 eddy covariance flux towers in North America and 22 terrestrial biosphere models. The analysis period spans ∼220 site‐years, 10 biomes, and includes two large‐scale drought events, providing a natural experiment to evaluate model skill as a function of drought and seasonality. We evaluate models' ability to simulate the seasonal cycle of CO2 exchange using multiple model skill metrics and analyze links between model characteristics, site history, and model skill. Overall model performance was poor; the difference between observations and simulations was ∼10 times observational uncertainty, with forested ecosystems better predicted than nonforested. Model‐data agreement was highest in summer and in temperate evergreen forests. In contrast, model performance declined in spring and fall, especially in ecosystems with large deciduous components, and in dry periods during the growing season. Models used across multiple biomes and sites, the mean model ensemble, and a model using assimilated parameter values showed high consistency with observations. Models with the highest skill across all biomes all used prescribed canopy phenology, calculated NEE as the difference between GPP and ecosystem respiration, and did not use a daily time step.
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,{"id":9000493,"text":"fs20103111 - 2010 - Southeast Ecological Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"fs20103111","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3111","title":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","docAbstract":"Aquatic ecosystems, from deep sea reefs and coastal marshes to freshwater springs and wetlands, are home to diverse assemblages of life. 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The Southeast Ecological Science Center (SESC) helps address that challenge by providing objective science that can be used to evaluate proposed actions and develop management strategies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103111","usgsCitation":"Pawlitz, R.J., 2010, Southeast Ecological Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3111, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103111.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3111.jpg"},{"id":19167,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e73d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pawlitz, Rachel J. rpawlitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlitz","given":"Rachel","email":"rpawlitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118927,"text":"70118927 - 2010 - Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T15:48:02","indexId":"70118927","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-01T11:21:13","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor)","title":"Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor)","docAbstract":"Primers for 10 microsatellite loci were developed for midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor), a small bodied subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake, which is found in the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming. In a screen of 23 individuals from the most northern portion of the subspecies range in southwestern Wyoming, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from 4 to 11 alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although one locus revealed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses, which will ultimately aid in management efforts for this rare subspecies of rattlesnake.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-010-9181-x","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., and Parker, J.M., 2010, Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor): Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 2, no. 1, p. 123-125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-010-9181-x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291483,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-010-9181-x"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db5841e4b0fba533fa3569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Joshua M.","contributorId":91794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178860,"text":"70178860 - 2010 - Emerging dragonfly diversity at small Rhode Island (U.S.A.) wetlands along an urbanization gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:52:25","indexId":"70178860","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging dragonfly diversity at small Rhode Island (U.S.A.) wetlands along an urbanization gradient","docAbstract":"Natal habitat use by dragonflies was assessed on an urban to rural land-use gradient at a set of 21 wetlands, during two emergence seasons (2004, 2005). The wetlands were characterized for urbanization level by using the first factor from a principal components analysis combining chloride concentration in the wetland and percent forest in the surrounding buffer zone. Measurements of species diversity and its components (species richness and evenness) were analyzed and compared along the urbanization gradient, as were distributions of individual species. Dragonfly diversity, species richness, and evenness did not change along the urbanization gradient, so urban wetlands served as natal habitat for numerous dragonfly species. However, several individual species displayed strong relationships to the degree of urbanization, and most were more commonly found at urban sites and at sites with fish. In contrast, relatively rare species were generally found at the rural end of the gradient. These results suggest that urban wetlands can play important roles as dragonfly habitat and in dragonfly conservation efforts, but that conservation of rural wetlands is also important for some dragonfly species.
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Data from published studies documenting recent tsunami deposits provide a means of developing identification criteria based on the sedimentary characteristics of unequivocal tsunami deposits. Recent tsunami deposits have many sedimentary characteristics in common. All had sharp or erosional basal contacts. Sand was typically deposited in sheets that blanketed pre-existing topography and generally thinned landward. Deposit thickness was dependent on local topography; deposits were thicker in swales or local depressions and thinner on ridges or topographic highs. Deposits typically had 1-4 layers. Normal grading was common and often confined to individual layers. In muddy environments, sediments contained mud and soil rip-up clasts and mud often capped the deposits or layers. Boulders were often present, either isolated or scattered in groups. Sedimentary structures were rare, and included cross-bedding, laminations, scour and fill structures, and truncated flame structures. The composition, grain size, and surface texture of the grains reflected the coastal and nearshore source for the sediments. These sedimentary characteristics are the basis for developing site-specific tsunami deposit identification criteria that can be used in paleotsunami deposits investigations. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101239","usgsCitation":"Peters, R., and Jaffe, B., 2010, Identification of tsunami deposits in the geologic record; developing criteria using recent tsunami deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1239, iv, 28 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101239.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1239.gif"},{"id":14308,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e89a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Robert","contributorId":32494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce","contributorId":9219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004007,"text":"70004007 - 2010 - Carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a semiarid cold desert grassland during and following multiyear drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T12:25:32.653202","indexId":"70004007","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a semiarid cold desert grassland during and following multiyear drought","docAbstract":"The net exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy were examined in a perennial Colorado Plateau grassland for 5 years. The study began within a multiyear drought and continued as the drought ended. The grassland is located near the northern boundary of the influence of the North American monsoon, a major climatic feature bringing summer rain. Following rain, evapotranspiration peaked above 8 mm d-1 but was usually much smaller (2-4 mm d-1). Net productivity of the grassland was low compared to other ecosystems, with peak hourly net CO2 uptake in the spring of 4 (mu or u)mol m-2 s-1 and springtime carbon gain in the range of 42 + or - 11 g C m-2 (based on fluxes) to 72 + or - 55 g C m-2 (based on carbon stocks; annual carbon gain was not quantified). Drought decreased gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and total ecosystem respiration, with a much larger GEP decrease. Monsoon rains led to respiratory pulses, lasting a few days at most, and only rarely resulted in net CO2 gain, despite the fact that C4 grasses dominated plant cover. Minor CO2 uptake was observed in fall following rain. Spring CO2 uptake was regulated by deep soil moisture, which depended on precipitation in the prior fall and winter. The lack of CO2 uptake during the monsoon and the dependence of GEP on deep soil moisture are in contrast with arid grasslands of the warm deserts. Cold desert grasslands are most likely to be impacted by future changes in winter and not summer precipitation.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JG001322","usgsCitation":"Bowling, D.R., Bethers-Marchetti, S., Lunch, C., Grote, E.E., and Belnap, J., 2010, Carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a semiarid cold desert grassland during and following multiyear drought: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 115, no. G4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001322.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"G04026","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","volume":"115","issue":"G4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0061","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowling, David R.","contributorId":48395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowling","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bethers-Marchetti, S.","contributorId":96545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethers-Marchetti","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunch, C.K.","contributorId":46742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunch","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grote, Edmund E. 0000-0002-9103-9482 ed_grote@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9482","contributorId":4271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grote","given":"Edmund","email":"ed_grote@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98886,"text":"sir20105220 - 2010 - The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States: A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:19:09.986424","indexId":"sir20105220","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5220","title":"The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States: A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective","docAbstract":"The rare earth elements (REE) are fifteen elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum to lutetium ('lanthanides'), plus yttrium (39), which is chemically similar to the lanthanide elements and thus typically included with the rare earth elements. Although industrial demand for these elements is relatively small in tonnage terms, they are essential for a diverse and expanding array of high-technology applications. REE-containing magnets, metal alloys for batteries and light-weight structures, and phosphors are essential for many current and emerging alternative energy technologies, such as electric vehicles, energy-efficient lighting, and wind power. REE are also critical for a number of key defense systems and other advanced materials.\r\n\r\nSection 843 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Public Law 111-84, directs the Comptroller General to complete a report on REE materials in the defense supply chain. The Office of Industrial Policy, in collaboration with other U.S. Government agencies, has initiated (in addition to this report) a detailed study of REE. This latter study will assess the Department of Defense's use of REE, as well as the status and security of domestic and global supply chains. That study will also address vulnerabilities in the supply chain and recommend ways to mitigate any potential risks of supply disruption. To help conduct this study, the Office of Industrial Policy asked the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to report on domestic REE reserves and resources in a global context. To this end, the enclosed report is the initial USGS contribution to assessing and summarizing the domestic REE resources in a global perspective.\r\n\r\nIn 2009, the Mineral Resources Program of the USGS organized a new project under the title Minerals at Risk and For Emerging Technologies in order to evaluate mineral resource and supply issues of rare metals that are of increasing importance to the national economy. Leaders and members of this project, with the assistance of the USGS National Minerals Information Center, prepared the enclosed USGS report on domestic REE resources. The USGS Mineral Resources Program has investigated domestic and selected foreign REE resources for many decades, and this report summarizes what has been learned from this research. The USGS National Minerals Information Center (formerly Minerals Information Team) has monitored global production, trade, and resources for an equally long period and is the principal source of statistics used in this report.\r\n\r\nThe objective of this study is to provide a nontechnical overview of domestic reserves and resources of REE and possibilities for utilizing those resources. At the present time, the United States obtains its REE raw materials from foreign sources, almost exclusively from China. Import dependence upon a single country raises serious issues of supply security. In a global context, domestic REE resources are modest and of uncertain value; hence, available resources in traditional trading partners (such as Canada and Australia) are of great interest for diversifying sources of supply. This report restates basic geologic facts about REE relevant to assessing security of supply, followed by a review of current United States consumption and imports of REE, current knowledge of domestic resources, and possibilities for future domestic production. Further detail follows in a deposit-by-deposit review of the most significant domestic REE deposits (see index map). Necessary steps to develop domestic resources are discussed in a separate section, leading into a review of current domestic exploration and a discussion of the value of a future national mineral resource assessment of REE. The report also includes an overview of known global REE resources and discusses the reliability of alternative foreign sources of REE.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105220","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., Van Gosen, B.S., Foley, N.K., and Cordier, D., 2010, The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States: A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5220, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105220.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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Cyanobacterial(blue-green algae) harmful algal blooms are notorious for producing both taste-and-odor compounds and potent toxins that may affect human health. Taste–and-odor episodes are aesthetic problems often caused by cyanobacterial-produced organic compounds (geosmin and methylisoborneol) and are common in reservoirs and lakes used as source water supplies. The occurrences of these taste-and-odor compounds and toxins (like microcystin) can be sporadic and vary in intensity both spatially and temporally. Recent publications by the U.S. Geological Survey address this complexity and provide protocols for cyanotoxin and taste-and-odor sampling programs. A case study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Spartanburg Water, monitored two mesotrophic reservoirs that serve as public drinking water supplies in South Carolina. Study objectives were (1) to identify spatial and temporal occurrence of the taste-and-odor compound geosmin and the cyanotoxin microcystin and (2) to assess the associated limnological conditions before, during, and after these occurrences. Temporal and spatial occurrence of geosmin and microcystin were highly variable from 2007 to 2009. The highest geosmin concentrations tended to occur in the spring. Microcystin tended to occur in the late summer and early fall, but occurrence was rare and well below World Health Organization guidelines for finished drinking water and recreational activities. No current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards are applicable to cyanotoxins in drinking or ambient water. In general, elevated geosmin and microcystin concentrations were the result of complex interactions between cyanobacterial community composition, nutrient availability, water clarity, hydraulic residence time, and stratification.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 13-14 2010","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Center for Watershed Excellence","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., Beaulieu, K., Knight, R., Graham, J., Arrington, J.M., West, R., Westcott, J., and Bradley, P.M., 2010, Harmful algal blooms: A case study in two mesotrophic drinking water supply reservoirs in South Carolina, in Proceedings of the 2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 13-14 2010, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034bbe4b0f42e3d040e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaulieu, Karen M. kmbeauli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Karen M.","email":"kmbeauli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. jlgraham@usgs.gov","contributorId":140520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arrington, Jane M.","contributorId":65975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrington","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"West, Rebecca","contributorId":147133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Westcott, John","contributorId":147134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westcott","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":98782,"text":"ds534 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data for the Sierra Nevada study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T20:21:45.820456","indexId":"ds534","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"534","title":"Groundwater-quality data for the Sierra Nevada study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 25,500-square-mile Sierra Nevada study unit was investigated in June through October 2008, as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The Sierra Nevada study was designed to provide statistically robust assessments of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifer systems in the study unit, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter, primary aquifers) are defined by the depth of the screened or open intervals of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database of wells used for public and community drinking-water supplies. The quality of groundwater in shallower or deeper water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to contamination from the surface.
In the Sierra Nevada study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 84 wells (and springs) in Lassen, Plumas, Butte, Sierra, Yuba, Nevada, Placer, El Dorado, Amador, Alpine, Calaveras, Tuolumne, Madera, Mariposa, Fresno, Inyo, Tulare, and Kern Counties. The wells were selected on two overlapping networks by using a spatially-distributed, randomized, grid-based approach. The primary grid-well network consisted of 30 wells, one well per grid cell in the study unit, and was designed to provide statistical representation of groundwater quality throughout the entire study unit. The lithologic grid-well network is a secondary grid that consisted of the wells in the primary grid-well network plus 53 additional wells and was designed to provide statistical representation of groundwater quality in each of the four major lithologic units in the Sierra Nevada study unit: granitic, metamorphic, sedimentary, and volcanic rocks. One natural spring that is not used for drinking water was sampled for comparison with a nearby primary grid well in the same cell.
Groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA] and perchlorate), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major ions, total dissolved solids, and trace elements), and radioactive constituents (radium isotopes, radon-222, gross alpha and gross beta particle activities, and uranium isotopes). Naturally occurring isotopes and geochemical tracers (stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, stable isotopes of carbon, carbon-14, strontium isotopes, and tritium), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater.
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) each were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells sampled for each analysis, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection, handling, and analytical procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, with few exceptions. Matrix-spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory benchmarks apply to finished drinking water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the groundwater were compared with regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH and with nonregulatory aesthetic and technical benchmarks established by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water benchmarks are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate compliance or noncompliance with regulatory benchmarks.
All organic constituents and most inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 30 primary grid wells in the Sierra Nevada study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water benchmarks.
Of the 150 organic and special-interest constituents analyzed, 21 were detected in groundwater samples; all concentrations were less than regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks, and most were less than 1/10th of benchmark levels. One or more organic constituents were detected in 37 percent of the primary grid wells, and perchlorate was detected in 27 percent of the primary grid wells.
Most samples analyzed for inorganic and radioactive constituents had concentrations or activities less than regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks. Nutrients were not detected at concentrations greater than health-based benchmarks. Six of the 30 primary grid wells (20 percent) and 7 of the 53 lithologic grid wells had concentrations of or activities for one or two constituents that were greater than the benchmarks. Constituents present in one or more samples at concentrations or activities greater than health-based benchmarks were arsenic (5 wells, MCL-US), gross alpha particle activity (4 wells, MCL-US), boron (2 wells, NL-CA), fluoride (1 well, MCL-CA), and selenium (1 well, MCL-US). Two of the wells that had high gross alpha particle activities had uranium concentrations (MCL-CA) and uranium activities (MCL-CA) greater than the benchmark levels. Four of the 29 samples analyzed had activities of radon-222 greater than the proposed alternative MCL-US.
Most samples analyzed for inorganic constituents that had nonregulatory, aesthetic-based benchmarks (SMCLs) had concentrations less than these benchmarks. Total dissolved solids concentrations were less than the upper SMCL-CA in all 83 primary and lithologic grid well samples, and TDS concentrations were less than the recommended SMCL-CA in 79 of these samples. Manganese concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA in 2 of the 30 primary grid wells (7 percent) and in 6 of the 53 lithologic grid wells, and iron concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA in the same 2 primary grid wells and in 5 of the same lithologic grid wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds534","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., Munday, C.M., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater-quality data for the Sierra Nevada study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 534, ix, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds534.","productDescription":"ix, 82 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_534.jpg"},{"id":404074,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94351.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/534/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7333,\n 34.7756\n ],\n [\n -117.9167,\n 34.7756\n ],\n [\n -117.9167,\n 40.4297\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 40.4297\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 34.7756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munday, Cathy M. cmunday@usgs.gov","contributorId":3173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munday","given":"Cathy","email":"cmunday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136147,"text":"70136147 - 2010 - Bison conservation initiative: Bison conservation genetics workshop: Report and recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T13:50:56.163269","indexId":"70136147","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRPC/BRMD/NRR—2010/257","title":"Bison conservation initiative: Bison conservation genetics workshop: Report and recommendations","docAbstract":"One of the first outcomes of the Department of the Interior (DOI) Bison Conservation Initiative was the Bison Conservation Genetics Workshop held in Nebraska in September 2008. The workshop brought together scientists from government agencies and non-governmental organizations with professional population geneticists to develop guidance for the genetic management of the federal bison herds. The scientists agreed on the basic tenets of genetic management for the DOI herds and discussed different approaches to meeting those goals. First, the 12 DOI herds are an irreplaceable resource for the long-term conservation of North American plains bison. Most of the herds show low levels of cattle introgression dating from the time when they were saved from extirpation; those herds should not be mixed without careful consideration as to their origin. Herds that show no evidence of cattle ancestry by the current molecular methods are the highest priority for protection from genetic mixing with any other bison herds. Second, despite the fact that most of the herds now managed by the U.S. government were founded with very few bison and have been maintained for many generations at relatively low population sizes, they do not show obvious effects of inbreeding. They have retained significant amounts of genetic variation by the standard measures, heterozygosity and allelic diversity. This may be explained in part by the fact that most of these herds are not remnants of a single population. Third, to preserve genetic variation in federal bison herds over decades and centuries, herds should be managed at a population or metapopulation level of 1,000 animals or more, with a sex ratio that enables competition between breeding bulls. The parks and refuges that currently have bison herds, with the exception of Yellowstone National Park, do not have enough land to support a population of this size. In the short term, it will be important to develop satellite herds to attain population targets, and develop a metapopulation structure between herds.\r\nFourth and finally, the current methods used to evaluate the DOI bison herds, using mitochondrial DNA and a suite of nuclear DNA microsatellites, are highly informative at the herd level. They have confirmed relatedness of herds that we know from historical records have a common origin. They have detected cattle ancestry in most of the herds where it was suspected and have shown some loss of rare alleles. However, they do not sample across the bison genome, and the use of neutral genetic markers as the basis for selection of individual bison—either to breed or move to other herds—would be better supported by more high-resolution molecular methods currently under development.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P.J., and Dratch, P., 2010, Bison conservation initiative: Bison conservation genetics workshop: Report and recommendations: Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/BRMD/NRR—2010/257, vii, 38 p.","productDescription":"vii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"50","ipdsId":"IP-025356","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://permanent.fdlp.gov/gpo131592/Bison_Genetics_Report__nrpc.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51c4e4b01224f329b603","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dratch, Peter","contributorId":131078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dratch","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7231,"text":"National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":98756,"text":"ofr20101212 - 2010 - Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks-A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:44","indexId":"ofr20101212","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1212","title":"Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks-A preliminary report","docAbstract":"A compilation of data on global Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks refines previous descriptive models for their occurrence and provides important information for mineral resource assessments and exploration programs. This compilation forms the basis for a new classification of such deposits, which is speculative at this early stage of research. As defined herein, the Co-Cu-Au deposits contain 0.1 percent or more by weight of Co in ore or mineralized rock, comprising disseminated to semi-massive Co-bearing sulfide minerals with associated Fe- and Cu-bearing sulfides, and local gold, concentrated predominantly within rift-related, siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of Proterozoic age. Some deposits have appreciable Ag ? Bi ? W ? Ni ? Y ? rare earth elements ? U. Deposit geometry includes stratabound and stratiform layers, lenses, and veins, and (or) discordant veins and breccias. The geometry of most deposits is controlled by stratigraphic layering, folds, axial-plane cleavage, shear zones, breccias, or faults. Ore minerals are mainly cobaltite, skutterudite, glaucodot, and chalcopyrite, with minor gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, and bismuth; some deposits have appreciable tetrahedrite, uraninite, monazite, allanite, xenotime, apatite, scheelite, or molybdenite. Magnetite can be abundant in breccias, veins, or stratabound lenses within ore or surrounding country rocks. Common gangue minerals include quartz, biotite, muscovite, K-feldspar, albite, chlorite, and scapolite; many deposits contain minor to major amounts of tourmaline. Altered wall rocks generally have abundant biotite or albite. Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary successions constitute the predominant geologic setting. Felsic and (or) mafic plutons are spatially associated with many deposits and at some localities may be contemporaneous with, and involved in, ore formation. Geoenvironmental data for the Blackbird mining district in central Idaho indicate that weathering of abundant Fe, S, As, Co, and Cu in sulfide minerals of the deposits produces acidic waters, especially in pyrite-rich deposits; mine runoff has high concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Mn that exceed U.S. drinking water or aquatic life standards.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101212","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Causey, J., Eppinger, R., Gray, J.E., Johnson, C.A., Lund, K., and Schulz, K.J., 2010, Co-Cu-Au deposits in metasedimentary rocks-A preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1212, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101212.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1212.jpg"},{"id":14166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bce4b07f02db5cf5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Causey, J. D.","contributorId":64652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lund, K.I.","contributorId":57450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"K.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032384,"text":"70032384 - 2010 - Permeability profiles in granular aquifers using flowmeters in direct-push wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T14:57:10","indexId":"70032384","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability profiles in granular aquifers using flowmeters in direct-push wells","docAbstract":"Numerical hydrogeological models should ideally be based on the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity (K), a property rarely defined on the basis of sufficient data due to the lack of efficient characterization methods. Electromagnetic borehole flowmeter measurements during pumping in uncased wells can effectively provide a continuous vertical distribution of K in consolidated rocks. However, relatively few studies have used the flowmeter in screened wells penetrating unconsolidated aquifers, and tests conducted in gravel-packed wells have shown that flowmeter data may yield misleading results. This paper describes the practical application of flowmeter profiles in direct-push wells to measure K and delineate hydrofacies in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers having low-to-moderate K (10−6 to 10−4 m/s). The effect of direct-push well installation on K measurements in unconsolidated deposits is first assessed based on the previous work indicating that such installations minimize disturbance to the aquifer fabric. The installation and development of long-screen wells are then used in a case study validating Kprofiles from flowmeter tests at high-resolution intervals (15 cm) with K profiles derived from multilevel slug tests between packers at identical intervals. For 119 intervals tested in five different wells, the difference in log K values obtained from the two methods is consistently below 10%. Finally, a graphical approach to the interpretation of flowmeter profiles is proposed to delineate intervals corresponding to distinct hydrofacies, thus providing a method whereby both the scale and magnitude of K contrasts in heterogeneous unconsolidated aquifers may be represented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00761.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paradis, D., Lefebvre, R., Morin, R.H., and Gloaguen, E., 2010, Permeability profiles in granular aquifers using flowmeters in direct-push wells: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 4, p. 534-547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00761.x.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"534","endPage":"547","ipdsId":"IP-020518","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -68.64257812499999,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -68.64257812499999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 47.025206001585396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76b2e4b0c8380cd7827c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paradis, D.","contributorId":16662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradis","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lefebvre, R.","contributorId":52408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gloaguen, E.","contributorId":106322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloaguen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98727,"text":"ds532 - 2010 - Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from seven 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:33:32","indexId":"ds532","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"532","title":"Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from seven 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-09","docAbstract":"During the 1960s through the 1980s, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted reconnaissance geochemical surveys of drainage basins throughout most of the Iliamna, Lake Clark, Lime Hills, and Talkeetna 1:250,000-scale quadrangles and parts of the McGrath, Seldovia, and Tyonek 1:250,000-scale quadrangles in Alaska. These geochemical surveys provide data necessary to assess the potential for undiscovered mineral resources and provide data that may be used to determine regional-scale element baselines. This report provides new data for 1,075 of the previously collected stream-sediment samples. The new analyses include a broader spectrum of elements and provide data that are more precise than the original analyses. All samples were analyzed for arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, for gold, palladium, and platinum by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after lead button fire assay separation, and for a suite of 55 major, rare earth, and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after sodium peroxide sinter at 450 degrees Celsius. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds532","usgsCitation":"Gamble, B.M., Bailey, E.A., Shew, N.B., Labay, K., Schmidt, J.M., O’Leary, R.M., and Detra, D.E., 2010, Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from seven 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-09: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 532, iv, 4 p.; Appendix A; Metatdata; Location map of stream-sediment samples, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds532.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.; Appendix A; Metatdata; Location map of stream-sediment samples","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14135,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/532/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gamble, Bruce M. bgamble@usgs.gov","contributorId":560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"Bruce","email":"bgamble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":104005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Leary, Richard M.","contributorId":19936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Detra, David E.","contributorId":17342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98614,"text":"ofr20101147 - 2010 - Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from ten 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:25:47","indexId":"ofr20101147","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1147","title":"Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from ten 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-08","docAbstract":"During the 1960s through the 1980s, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted reconnaissance geochemical surveys of the drainage basins throughout most of the Anchorage, Bering Glacier, Big Delta, Gulkana, Healy, McCarthy, Mount Hayes, Nabesna, Talkeetna Mountains, and Valdez 1:250,000-scale quadrangles in Alaska as part of the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP). These geochemical surveys provide data necessary to assess the potential for undiscovered mineral resources on public and other lands, and provide data that may be used to determine regional-scale element baselines. This report provides new data for 366 of the previously collected stream-sediment samples. These samples were selected for reanalysis because recently developed analytical methods can detect additional elements of interest and have lower detection limits than the methods used when these samples were originally analyzed. These samples were all analyzed for arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS), for gold, palladium, and platinum by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after lead button fire assay separation (FA/ICP-MS), and for a suite of 55 major, rare earth, and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-AES-MS) after sodium peroxide sinter at 450 degrees Celsius. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101147","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E.A., Shew, N.B., Labay, K., Schmidt, J.M., O’Leary, R.M., and Detra, D.E., 2010, Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from ten 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1147, iv, 6 p.; XLS Table; Metadata; Location map of stream sediment samples, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101147.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.; XLS Table; Metadata; Location map of stream sediment samples","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14013,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers equal-area conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.5,60.5 ], [ -150.5,64.5 ], [ -141,64.5 ], [ -141,60.5 ], [ -150.5,60.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a502e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":104005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Leary, Richard M.","contributorId":19936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Detra, David E.","contributorId":17342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98554,"text":"cir1351 - 2010 - Protocols for geologic hazards response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T19:14:33.253513","indexId":"cir1351","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1351","displayTitle":"Protocols for Geological Hazards Response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to Activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System","title":"Protocols for geologic hazards response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System","docAbstract":"The Yellowstone Plateau hosts an active volcanic system, with subterranean magma (molten rock), boiling, pressurized waters, and a variety of active faults with significant earthquake hazards. Within the next few decades, light-to-moderate earthquakes and steam explosions are certain to occur. Volcanic eruptions are less likely, but are ultimately inevitable in this active volcanic region. This document summarizes protocols, policies, and tools to be used by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) during earthquakes, hydrothermal explosions, or any geologic activity that could lead to a volcanic eruption.
Yellowstone National Park is home to Yellowstone Caldera, the largest volcanic system by volume in the United States, as well as a vigorous hydrothermal system composed of pressurized subsurface boiling waters and active faults capable of generating substantial seismicity. The region is subject to hazards spanning a wide range of intensities, magnitudes, likelihood of occurrence, and geographic extent of impact. These hazards include small and comparatively common hydrothermal explosions, occasional strong earthquakes, rare relatively non-explosive lava flows, and very rare large explosive volcanic eruptions. Addressing the broad style of potential hazards and the vast spatial and temporal scales over which these hazards can occur requires a general plan that outlines the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) response to a hazardous or potentially hazardous geological event or unrest (defined as departure from normal activity levels).
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Science Center (VSC) Response Plan for Significant Volcanic Events in the United States (Moran and others, 2024) forms the basis of any response by YVO but will be modified to suit the specific characteristics of the observatory, which operates as a consortium of nine federal, state, and academic institutions. Decisions on declaring an event response or “activity with potential” (defined as unrest that is not immediately hazardous but that may evolve into a hazardous event), as well as any changes in Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code or the release of formal Information Statements, will be made by the USGS via the YVO Scientist-in-Charge (SIC) in consultation with the leads of the YVO member agencies.
The YVO response to hazardous or potentially hazardous geological activity in or around Yellowstone National Park will focus on the collection and analysis of data relevant to the location and style of the activity. Those data will be interpreted within the existing geological framework for the region to develop probabilistic assessments of potential outcomes. These interpretations and assessments will be used to support decision making by emergency management officials including Yellowstone National Park managers or within the National Incident Management System if an Incident Command System (ICS) is activated. YVO will also convene a communications group open to each member agency to ensure consistent internal and external messaging and that the public is kept informed of the unrest through formal notifications, social media posts, online content, traditional media interviews, and community meetings.
This response plan will be evaluated and updated as needed by the observatory and will be available through the YVO and USGS public websites. Responses to volcanic eruptions and responses outside of the Yellowstone region, but within the YVO area of responsibility (including Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado), will follow the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Science Center Response Plan for Significant Volcanic Events in the United States (Moran and others, 2024).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1351","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yellowstone National Park, University of Utah, EarthScope Consortium, University of Wyoming, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Idaho Geological Survey, Wyoming State Geological Survey, and Montana State University","usgsCitation":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 2025, Protocols for geological hazards response by the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory to activity within the Yellowstone Volcanic System (ver. 3.0, January 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1351, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1351.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144015","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494129,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93794.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":489490,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/cir1351.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1351 PDF"},{"id":489514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":490279,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/downloads/circ1351_v2.pdf","text":"Ver. 2.0 [Superseded]","size":"3.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1351 ver. 2.0"},{"id":490280,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/downloads/c1351.pdf","text":"Ver. 1.0 [Superseded]","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1351 ver. 1.0"},{"id":296524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":490268,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1351/index.html","text":"USGS Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,44 ], [ -112,45 ], [ -110,45 ], [ -110,44 ], [ -112,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: July 29, 2010; Version 2.0: November 5, 2014; Version 3.0: June 3, 2025","contact":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683
Email: yvowebteam@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"We sampled with acoustics (AC) and midwater trawls (MT) to determine cisco abundance in Lake Superior’s Thunder and Black bays during 8-14 November, 2009. Total abundance of spawning-size (≥ 250 mm total length) ciscoes was estimated at 6.25 million in Thunder Bay and 1.12 million in Black Bay. Exploitation fractions of market-size (≥ age 6) females from Thunder and Black bays for 2009 were estimated at 7.1% and 11.3%, respectively; below the recommended maximum annual harvest of 15% recently adopted by Lake Superior fisheries managers. Given Thunder Bay spawner densities are on a downward trajectory, and recruitment since the 2003 year-class has been low, it is likely the exploitation fractions will increase in the future. After 2010, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) will carry on the AC program as a management activity. It is likely suspended experimental gill net (GN) samples will be used to ground truth future AC samples. In 2009, we characterized the length and age structure of Thunder Bay ciscoes using both MT samples and GN samples. Females represented 49% of the MT catch, but only 39% in GN samples. Catching a smaller proportion of females in GN samples resulted in a lower female population estimate and a higher estimated exploitation fraction (10.4%) compared to MT samples (7.1%). Experimental gill net effort was limited to 10-11.8 m water column depths where midwater trawl samples also caught roughly 40% females. Ciscoes ≥ age 17 (≥ 1992 year class) were common in Black Bay, but rare in Thunder Bay suggesting: 1) the stocks may be distinct; and 2) total mortality of ciscoes returning to spawn in Black Bay in recent years has been lower than ciscoes returning to Thunder Bay. Our mid-November 2009 effort to assess the Black Bay stock by sampling outside of the 3 bay in the lake proper was deemed successful, but this should be confirmed by sampling the Black Bay region during both mid- and late-November 2010.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Yule, D.L., Cholwek, G.A., Evrard, L.M., Berglund, E., and Cullis, K., 2010, 2009 Spawning cisco investigations in the Canadian waters of Lake Superior, 58 p. .","productDescription":"58 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-025166","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/1009602978"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.76678466796875,\n 48.58024137783826\n ],\n [\n -89.1595458984375,\n 48.4838455701099\n ],\n [\n -89.2144775390625,\n 48.438312142641244\n ],\n [\n -89.22271728515625,\n 48.34894812401375\n ],\n [\n -89.20623779296875,\n 48.29963964777107\n ],\n [\n -89.26666259765625,\n 48.24845457730629\n ],\n [\n -89.31610107421875,\n 48.14226521928136\n ],\n [\n -89.549560546875,\n 48.021161285657804\n ],\n [\n -89.55780029296875,\n 48.00646264573117\n ],\n [\n -89.461669921875,\n 48.00646264573117\n ],\n [\n -89.351806640625,\n 47.97705279557946\n ],\n [\n -88.74206542968749,\n 48.26491251331118\n ],\n [\n -88.011474609375,\n 48.500227605781035\n ],\n [\n -87.78350830078125,\n 48.60930594004602\n ],\n [\n -87.93731689453125,\n 48.74713432542004\n ],\n [\n -88.22296142578125,\n 48.600225060468915\n ],\n [\n -88.51409912109375,\n 48.45106561953216\n ],\n [\n -88.560791015625,\n 48.4164415885222\n ],\n [\n -88.56903076171875,\n 48.50932644976633\n ],\n [\n -88.44543457031249,\n 48.622016428468385\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 48.66557095325139\n ],\n [\n -88.29986572265625,\n 48.74351209358682\n ],\n [\n -88.3465576171875,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -88.472900390625,\n 48.85929404028656\n ],\n [\n -88.51959228515625,\n 48.7996273507997\n ],\n [\n -88.55255126953125,\n 48.75256718365392\n ],\n [\n -88.50860595703125,\n 48.70365031117296\n ],\n [\n -88.560791015625,\n 48.67645370777654\n ],\n [\n -88.54705810546874,\n 48.63290858589532\n ],\n [\n -88.626708984375,\n 48.622016428468385\n ],\n [\n -88.63220214843749,\n 48.59840868861914\n ],\n [\n -88.63494873046875,\n 48.558431982894355\n ],\n [\n -88.6376953125,\n 48.507506811647325\n ],\n [\n -88.68438720703125,\n 48.48930683675482\n ],\n [\n -88.7091064453125,\n 48.46199462233164\n ],\n [\n -88.71185302734375,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -88.74481201171875,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -88.83544921874999,\n 48.33251726168278\n ],\n [\n -88.92608642578125,\n 48.317907604457666\n ],\n [\n -88.9178466796875,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -88.86566162109375,\n 48.36902309709986\n ],\n [\n -88.85467529296875,\n 48.40550278187468\n ],\n [\n -88.8189697265625,\n 48.480204398955145\n ],\n [\n -88.75030517578125,\n 48.56388521347092\n ],\n [\n -88.76678466796875,\n 48.58024137783826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28babe4b0571647d0f91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. dyule@usgs.gov","contributorId":139525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cholwek, Gary A. gcholwek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cholwek","given":"Gary","email":"gcholwek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berglund, E.","contributorId":139527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berglund","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cullis, K.I.","contributorId":139528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullis","given":"K.I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70175162,"text":"70175162 - 2010 - Limiting factors of four rare plant species in `Ōla`A Forest of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:25:10","indexId":"70175162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-29T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-018","title":"Limiting factors of four rare plant species in `Ōla`A Forest of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park","docAbstract":"Three endangered or candidate endangered plant species native to `Ōla`a Forest (Cyrtandra giffardii, ha`iwale; Phyllostegia floribunda, a mint with no common name; and Sicyos alba, `ānunu) were studied for more than 2 years to determine their stand structures, short-term mortality rates, patterns of reproductive phenology, success of fruit production, seed germination rates in the greenhouse, presence of soil seed bank, and survival of both natural and planted seedlings. The role of rodents as seed predators was evaluated for S. alba using seed offerings in open and closed stations. A 4th endangered species at a remote site in `Ōla`a (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) was visited to determine its stand structure and mortality rate.
\nCyrtandra giffardii displayed a stable population structure with many adults and few small or very large plants; the monitored population had a mortality rate of 7.3% over 3 years. Mortality of plantings from 2003-2004 in a re-introduced population of Phyllostegia floribunda was 21.4%. The stand structure of C. tintinnabula indicated a relatively stable population with both small and large plants present and a short-term mortality rate between visits of 14.5- 17.0%. Four groups of S. alba vines were monitored; 3 of these have persisted in place for at least 15 years. All species monitored had annual patterns of flower and fruit phenology, although male inflorescences of S. alba showed a subannual pattern. Successful transition of flowers to fruit was high for P. floribunda (51.5%), moderate for C. giffardii (23.3%) and undetermined for S. alba. High percentage viability was demonstrated for seeds of P. floribunda and S. alba (78.5-100% positive to strongly positive in tetrazolium tests), but seed viability was not tested for C. giffardii.
\nGreenhouse germination rates were high for P. floribunda (88.0-92.0%), but variable and relatively low for C. giffardii (0-19.3%) and S. alba (4.0-11.1% in 2007 and 0 in 2008). No soil seed bank was detected for S. alba in 3 seasonal samplings, but P. floribunda was found to have a viable seed bank in April that persisted from at least the previous summer. Rodent predation of S. alba seeds was 93.3% in fruit offerings in accessible bait stations. Mortality of natural seedlings was high for both P. floribunda (90.2%) and S. alba (69.7%). Planted seedlings of P. floribunda produced flowers and fruit in their first year, and reproduction was higher in sunny plots than in shady plots. Mortality was high in both planting treatments, and survival rates did not differ significantly in sun and shade (χ2 =0.48, df = 1, p = 0.490). Three planted seedlings of S. alba survived for 12-16 months but did not reproduce.
\nFloral visitors were observed at C. giffardii and P. floribunda using digital video cameras and recorders. In almost 200 hours of observation, no visitors entered the flowers of C. giffardii, although 1 very small insect, either a micro-wasp (Hymenoptera) or fly (Diptera) was seen on the exterior of a corolla. In almost 300 hours of video observation, 3 floral visitors were identified at P. floribunda flowers. Honeybees (Apis mellifera) were likely pollinators, as they contacted both anthers and stigma of flowers. The mean visitation rate of honeybees was 0.003 visit/flower/hour, and visit duration ranged from 2 to 17 seconds. Fruit flies (Drosophilidae of undetermined species) crawled around flower interiors, but did not seem to forage for either nectar or pollen. Fruit fly mean visitation rate was 0.006 visit/flower/hour, and visit duration was 28 to 1,424 seconds. The 3rd observed insect visitor was an endemic geometrid moth caterpillar (Lophoplusia giffardi), which was seen feeding on foliage and flowers of P. floribunda.
\nIn conclusion, 2 of the 3 regularly-monitored rare plant species of `Ōla`a Forest appeared to have more than 1 limiting factor inhibiting the natural increase in their populations, while for P. floribunda the most important factor was high seedling mortality. Most plants of the monitored C. giffardii population appeared to be hybrids, probably with the more common species C. lysiosepala. Seed germination rates were low, and natural seedlings were not observed. Pollinators were not seen in many hours of observation, indicating that cross pollination is a rare or uncommon event. The re-introduced population of P. floribunda had relatively low mortality, and reproduction was successful with high rates of fruit formation from abundant flowers. Seed germination rates were high, and a soil seed bank was detected. Natural seedling recruitment was observed, but high seedling mortality indicated that this life stage was the most vulnerable in the species. The population of S. alba was small and the vine life form precluded an accurate estimate of the number of adult plants in `Ōla`a Forest. Natural dormancy was likely a factor in the observed low rate of seed germination. No soil seed bank was detected, and alien rodents were implicated as seed predators. Natural recruitment was observed at multiple sites in `Ōla`a, but seedling mortality was high. The cause of seedling mortality was not identified.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"VanDeMark, J.R., Pratt, L.W., and Euaparadorn, M., 2010, Limiting factors of four rare plant species in `Ōla`A Forest of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park: Technical Report HCSU-018, x, 72 p.","productDescription":"x, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018754","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.27114868164062,\n 19.441989391028706\n ],\n [\n -155.313720703125,\n 19.41220201468123\n ],\n [\n -155.37551879882812,\n 19.368158505739157\n ],\n [\n -155.40573120117188,\n 19.296886457967965\n ],\n [\n -155.43731689453125,\n 19.216506191361127\n ],\n [\n -155.40435791015622,\n 19.186677697957833\n ],\n [\n -155.31097412109372,\n 19.21391262405755\n ],\n [\n -155.27938842773435,\n 19.2489223284628\n ],\n [\n -155.18325805664062,\n 19.235956641468505\n ],\n [\n -155.16128540039062,\n 19.251515342943254\n ],\n [\n -155.08712768554688,\n 19.281332062593734\n ],\n [\n -155.03631591796875,\n 19.32280716454424\n ],\n [\n -155.00335693359375,\n 19.370749630150478\n ],\n [\n -155.03494262695312,\n 19.429039028956183\n ],\n [\n -155.10086059570312,\n 19.458823317103146\n ],\n [\n -155.13381958007812,\n 19.45752846172972\n ],\n [\n -155.20660400390625,\n 19.43421929772404\n ],\n [\n -155.27114868164062,\n 19.441989391028706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072b6e4b060ce18fb2dab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanDeMark, Joshua R.","contributorId":120307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeMark","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euaparadorn, Melody","contributorId":37240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euaparadorn","given":"Melody","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98525,"text":"ltrmp2010T001 - 2010 - Evaluation of light penetration on Navigation Pools 8 and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ltrmp2010T001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":44,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2010-T001","title":"Evaluation of light penetration on Navigation Pools 8 and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The availability of light can have a dramatic affect on macrophyte and phytoplankton abundance in virtually all aquatic ecosystems. The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program and other monitoring programs often measure factors that affect light extinction (nonvolatile suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and chlorophyll) and correlates of light extinction (turbidity and Secchi depth), but rarely do they directly measure light extinction. Data on light extinction, Secchi depth, transparency tube, turbidity, total suspended solids, and volatile suspended solids were collected during summer 2003 on Pools 8 and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River. Regressions were developed to predict light extinction based upon Secchi depth, transparency tube, turbidity, and total suspended solids. Transparency tube, Secchi depth, and turbidity all showed strong relations with light extinction and can effectively predict light extinction. Total suspended solids did not show as strong a relation to light extinction. Volatile suspended solids had a greater affect on light extinction than nonvolatile suspended solids. The data were compared to recommended criteria established for light extinction, Secchi depth, total suspended solids, and turbidity by the Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee to sustain submersed aquatic vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River. During the study period, the average condition in Pool 8 met or exceeded all of the criteria whereas the average condition in Pool 13 failed to meet any of the criteria. This report provides river managers with an effective tool to predict light extinction based upon readily available data.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"A product of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District","usgsCitation":"Giblin, S., Hoff, K., Fischer, J., and Dukerschein, T., 2010, Evaluation of light penetration on Navigation Pools 8 and 13 of the Upper Mississippi River: Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report 2010-T001, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ltrmp_2010_t001.jpg"},{"id":13915,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/LTRMP2010-T001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482ae4b07f02db4e7595","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giblin, Shawn","contributorId":89649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giblin","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoff, Kraig","contributorId":63927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Kraig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Jim","contributorId":27173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dukerschein, Terry","contributorId":35862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dukerschein","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98491,"text":"sir20105081 - 2010 - Submarine groundwater discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai`i: Part 3, spatial and temporal patterns in nearshore waters and coastal groundwater plumes, December 2003-April 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T21:30:23.529114","indexId":"sir20105081","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5081","title":"Submarine groundwater discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai`i: Part 3, spatial and temporal patterns in nearshore waters and coastal groundwater plumes, December 2003-April 2006","docAbstract":"During seven surveys between December 2003 and April 2006, 1,045 depth profiles of surface water temperature and salinity were collected to examine variability in water column properties and the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on the nearshore waters and coral reef complex of Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i. This effort was made to characterize the variability in nearshore water properties with seasonality and hydrodynamic forcing (tides, winds, and waves) and to determine the spatial and vertical extent of influence of SGD plumes on the Park’s marine biological resources. The results of this study reveal that nearshore waters of the Park were persistently influenced by plumes of submarine groundwater discharge that are generally colder, less saline, and more concentrated in nutrients than the surrounding seawater. These plumes extended between 100 and 1,000 m offshore to depths ranging between 1 and 5 m and often contained several million to hundreds of millions of gallons of brackish water. In essence, the Park’s nearshore, like much of the arid west coast of Hawai‘i, is estuarine. Although the groundwater plumes were persistent over the years studied, their spatial extent and volume varied tidally, seasonally, and annually. In one season, April 2004, an inverse relation of decreasing salinity with increasing temperature was found in the upper 5 m of the water column, unlike the other seasons, when surface water temperature and salinity were positively correlated.
These data provide the first comprehensive record of nearshore water column properties within the Park boundaries and a baseline for detecting and assessing future conditions. Various resort, industrial, and municipal developments, either planned or under construction around the Park, will require significant groundwater supplies and will likely alter groundwater quantity and quality. The flux and quality of groundwater through the National Park are critical to the rare anchialine (brackish) pool ecosystems and various ecosystem functions of the nearshore waters and coral reefs. Changes in groundwater discharge are expected to have significant impacts to the area’s coastal ecosystems, including decreased freshwater outflow to the brackish anchialine pools and coral reefs and increased nutrient and contaminant concentrations. In conjunction with two complementary studies of this series (Parts 1 and 2), these data provide insight into the patterns of influence and fate of SGD in the Park’s coastal waters. This information is important for determining water-resource management strategies that balance the needs of the ecosystem with those of human livelihood. This report describes the data, presents the general findings, and gives representative examples of seasonal and tidal variability in water column properties and SGD-fed plumes across the Park’s nearshore waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105081","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E., Logan, J., Presto, M., and Storlazzi, C., 2010, Submarine groundwater discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai`i: Part 3, spatial and temporal patterns in nearshore waters and coastal groundwater plumes, December 2003-April 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5081, vii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105081.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5081.jpg"},{"id":407560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93390.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.05117797851562,\n 19.666998154072363\n ],\n [\n -156.01444244384766,\n 19.666998154072363\n ],\n [\n -156.01444244384766,\n 19.70578884134168\n ],\n [\n -156.05117797851562,\n 19.70578884134168\n ],\n [\n -156.05117797851562,\n 19.666998154072363\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, Eric E.","contributorId":40677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}