We conducted the first systematic inventory of birds in the lowlands (areas ≤100 m above sea level) of the Alaska Peninsula during summers of 2004–2007 to determine their breeding distributions and habitat associations in this remote region. Using a stratified random survey design, we allocated sample plots by elevation and land cover with a preference for wetland cover types used by shorebirds, a group of particular interest to land managers. We surveyed birds during 10-min counts at 792 points across 52, 5 km × 5 km sample plots distributed from south of the Naknek River (58.70°N,157.00°W) to north of Port Moller (56.00°N,160.52°W). We detected 95 bird species including 19 species of shorebirds and 34 species (36% of total) considered at the time to be of conservation concern for the land managers in the region. The most numerous shorebirds on point counts were dunlin Calidris alpina, short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus, and Wilson's snipe Gallinago delicata.We found the breeding-season endemic marbled godwit Limosa fedoa beringiae at 20 plots within a 3,000-km2 area from north of Ugashik Bay to just north of Port Heiden and east to the headwaters of the Dog Salmon and Ugashik rivers. The most abundant passerines on point counts were American tree sparrow Spizelloides arborea, Lapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus, and savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis. Sandhill crane Antigone canadensis, glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens, and greater scaup Aythya marila were also relatively abundant. We categorized habitat associations for 30 common species and found that lowland herbaceous vegetation supported wetland-focused species including sandhill crane, marbled godwit, short-billed dowitcher, and dunlin; whereas, dwarf shrub-ericaceous vegetation supported tundra-associated species such as willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus, rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis, and American pipit Anthus rubescens. Tall shrub vegetation was important to several species of warblers and sparrows, as well as one species of shorebird (greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca). We found that point counts augmented with incidental observations provided an almost complete inventory of lowland-breeding species on the study area. These data form a baseline to monitor any future changes in bird distribution and abundance on the Alaska Peninsula.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/082017-JFWM-070","usgsCitation":"Savage, S.E., Tibbitts, T.L., Sesser, K., and Kaler, R., 2018, Inventory of lowland-breeding birds on the Alaska Peninsula: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 637-658, https://doi.org/10.3996/082017-JFWM-070.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"658","ipdsId":"IP-090348","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/082017-jfwm-070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR8FLZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Inventory Data of Lowland-Breeding Birds and Associated Vegetation Types on the Alaska Peninsula, 2004-2007"},{"id":358402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 54.5\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -164,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -164,\n 54.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ce4b034bf6a7e4fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, Susan E.","contributorId":140748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savage","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":102185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sesser, Kristin","contributorId":209737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sesser","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaler, Robb S.A.","contributorId":69066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaler","given":"Robb S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263621,"text":"70263621 - 2018 - A proposed rupture scenario for the 1925 Mw 6.5 Santa Barbara, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-19T16:07:44.421642","indexId":"70263621","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-13T10:01:40","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed rupture scenario for the 1925 Mw 6.5 Santa Barbara, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 29 June 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake is among the largest 20th century earthquakes in southern California. The earthquake also predated the installation of strong motion and local monitoring instruments in southern California; some instrumental data are, however, available from long-period instruments at regional and teleseismic distances. The current catalog moment magnitude is MW 6.8. Initial intensity magnitudes (MI) estimated from original Coast and Geodetic Survey intensity assignments were lower (MI 6.3). In this study we assign modified Mercalli intensity values at 239 locations, including 144 specific locations within the city of Santa Barbara for which detailed damage information is available. Comparing the reinterpreted intensities with Did You Feel it? intensities for recent events in California, we estimate MW = 6.5, with a plausible range of 6.3–6.6. We further consider reported instrumental amplitudes to estimate an instrumental moment magnitude of MW = 6.6 ± 0.5. Our preferred final estimate is MW 6.5. Based on available constraints including aftershock locations inferred from data recorded on portable instruments, we propose that the earthquake nucleated east of the city of Santa Barbara, closer to the coast than previously estimated, and ruptured unilaterally ~30 km to the west, possibly along the south-dipping Mesa-Rincon Creek, and the More Ranch fault systems. Contrary to suggestions made in earlier studies (e.g. Willis, 1925a), relatively high intensities ~50 km west of Santa Barbara can then be explained by directivity rather than involvement of the Santa Ynez fault. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the earthquake was triggered by the larger MW = 6.6 Clarkston, Montana earthquake the previous day or induced by oil production in the Summerland oil field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2018.09.012","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., and Martin, S.S., 2018, A proposed rupture scenario for the 1925 Mw 6.5 Santa Barbara, California, earthquake: Tectonophysics, v. 747-748, p. 211-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.09.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"224","ipdsId":"IP-096386","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barabara","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.9,\n 34.65\n ],\n [\n -119.9,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -119.45,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -119.45,\n 34.65\n ],\n [\n -119.9,\n 34.65\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"747-748","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Stacey S.","contributorId":140021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200142,"text":"70200142 - 2018 - Estimating the pressure-limited CO2 injection and storage capacity of the United States saline formations: Effect of the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-07T12:13:09","indexId":"70200142","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-12T14:00:28","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2049,"text":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimating the pressure-limited CO2 injection and storage capacity of the United States saline formations: Effect of the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs","title":"Estimating the pressure-limited CO2 injection and storage capacity of the United States saline formations: Effect of the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national assessment of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage capacity evaluated 192 saline Storage Assessment Units (SAUs) in 33 U.S. onshore sedimentary basins that may be utilized for CO2 storage (see USGS Circular 1386). Similar to many other available models, volumetric analysis was utilized to estimate the initial CO2injection and storage capacity of these SAUs based on aquifer characteristics and buoyant and residual trapping. The factor being almost always overlooked in most CO2 storage capacity models is that many of the evaluated SAUs contain large numbers of both conventional and unconventional discovered and undiscovered oil and gas reservoirs. The hydrocarbon production and pressure distribution of the resident oil and gas reservoirs may be negatively influenced by the propagated CO2 plume and pressure front resulting from a CO2 injection and storage operation in the surrounding SAU.
To have a more realistic and accurate estimation of CO2 injection and storage capacity in saline formations, a model was previously developed that considers the CO2 injectivity of a given formation, underground pressure build-up limitations imposed by the rock fracturing pressure and the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs within these aquifers. The developed method estimates the pre–brine extraction, pressure-limited CO2 injection and storage capacity of a saline formation by applying 3D numerical simulation only on the effective injection area (Aeff) surrounding each CO2 injection well utilizing TOUGH2-ECO2N simulation software.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.011","usgsCitation":"Jahediesfanjani, H., Warwick, P., and Anderson, S.T., 2018, Estimating the pressure-limited CO2 injection and storage capacity of the United States saline formations: Effect of the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 79, p. 14-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-093110","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sligo and Hosston Formations","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.82177734375,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 26.941659545381516\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -99.82177734375,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -99.82177734375,\n 26.941659545381516\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a920e4b034bf6a7e500b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jahediesfanjani, Hossein 0000-0001-6281-5166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-5166","contributorId":201000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jahediesfanjani","given":"Hossein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":207248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Steven T. 0000-0003-3481-3424 sanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3481-3424","contributorId":2532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"sanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200124,"text":"70200124 - 2018 - Variability of organic carbon content and the retention and release of trichloroethene in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T13:56:40","indexId":"70200124","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-12T13:56:34","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of organic carbon content and the retention and release of trichloroethene in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer","docAbstract":"Contaminants diffusing from fractures into the immobile porosity of the rock matrix are subject to prolonged residence times. Organic contaminants can adsorb onto organic carbonaceous materials in the matrix extending contaminant retention. An investigation of spatial variability of the fraction of organic carbon (foc) is conducted on samples of rock core from seven closely spaced boreholes in a mudstone aquifer contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE). A total of 378 samples were analyzed at depths between 14 and 36 m below land surface. Mudstone units associated with deep water deposition have the largest foc, with a maximum value of 0.0396, and units associated with shallow water deposition have the smallest foc. Even though foc correlates with depositional conditions, foc still varies over more than an order of magnitude in continuous mudstone layers between boreholes, and there is large variability in foc over short distances perpendicular to bedding. Simulations of diffusion and linear equilibrium adsorption of TCE using spatially variable foc in the rock matrix show order of magnitude variability in the adsorbed TCE over short distances in the matrix and residence times extending to hundreds of years following remediation in adjacent fractures. Simulations using average values of foc do not capture the range of TCE mass that can be retained in a rock matrix characterized by spatially variable foc. Bounds on TCE mass within the rock matrix can be obtained by simulations with spatially uniform values of focequal to the maximum and minimum values of foc for a given mudstone unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.09.001","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., and Brenneis, R.J., 2018, Variability of organic carbon content and the retention and release of trichloroethene in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 217, p. 32-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.09.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-097448","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.09.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75719Z7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Organic and total carbon analyses of rock core collected from boreholes 83BR, 84BR, 85BR, 86BR, 87BR, 88BR, and 89BR in the mudstone underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey"},{"id":358343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.81951236724854,\n 40.26534772331598\n ],\n [\n -74.80661630630493,\n 40.26534772331598\n ],\n [\n -74.80661630630493,\n 40.27682455737567\n ],\n [\n -74.81951236724854,\n 40.27682455737567\n ],\n [\n -74.81951236724854,\n 40.26534772331598\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"217","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a920e4b034bf6a7e500e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brenneis, Rebecca J.","contributorId":209022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenneis","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198293,"text":"sim3412B - 2018 - Aeromagnetic map of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70198293,"text":"sim3412B - 2018 - Aeromagnetic map of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada","indexId":"sim3412B","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Aeromagnetic map of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70199511,"text":"sim3412 - 2018 - Geophysical and geologic maps of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada","indexId":"sim3412","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical and geologic maps of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70199511,"text":"sim3412 - 2018 - Geophysical and geologic maps of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada","indexId":"sim3412","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical and geologic maps of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T13:00:57","indexId":"sim3412B","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-11T13:56:23","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3412","chapter":"B","title":"Aeromagnetic map of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Magnetic investigations of Mountain Pass and vicinity were begun as part of an effort to study regional crustal structures as an aid to understanding the geologic framework and mineral resources of the eastern Mojave Desert. The study area, which straddles the state boundary between southeastern California and southern Nevada, encompasses Mountain Pass, which is host to one of the world’s largest rare earth element carbonatite deposits.
The deposit is found along a north-northwest-trending, fault-bounded block that extends along the eastern parts of the Clark Mountain Range, Mescal Range, and Ivanpah Mountains. This Paleoproterozoic block is composed of a 1.7-Ga metamorphic complex of gneiss and schist that underwent widespread metamorphism and associated plutonism during the Ivanpah orogeny. The Paleoproterozoic rocks were intruded by a Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) ultrapotassic alkaline intrusive suite and carbonatite body. The intrusive rocks include, from oldest to youngest, shonkinite, mesosyenite, syenite, quartz syenite, potassic granite, carbonatite, carbonatite dikes, and late shonkinite dikes.
Generally speaking, magnetic anomalies reflect lateral changes in subsurface magnetization that can be used to infer subsurface geologic structure, revealing variations in lithology and delineating geologic features such as faults, plutons, volcanic rocks, calderas, and sedimentary basins.
A regional aeromagnetic map was derived from statewide aeromagnetic maps of California and Nevada that were compiled from numerous surveys flown at various flightline altitudes and spacings. This compilation, although composed of surveys acquired using different specifications, allows seamless interpretation of magnetic anomalies across survey boundaries.
In addition, a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey was flown by helicopter over parts of the Clark Mountain Range, Mescal Range, and Ivanpah Mountains. The resulting mapped magnetic anomalies show in much greater detail the complex subsurface structures in the Mountain Pass area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3412B","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., and Denton, K.M. (D.A. Ponce, ed.), 2018, Aeromagnetic map of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3412–B, scale 1:62,500, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3412B.","productDescription":"Sheet: 44.05 x 30.24 inches; Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099318","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357531,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92XVOOF","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"High-resolution aeromagnetic survey of Mountain Pass, California"},{"id":357529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3412/b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357530,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3412/b/sim3412b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3412-B"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mountain Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.2833\n ],\n [\n -115.25,\n 35.2833\n ],\n [\n -115.25,\n 35.6167\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.6167\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.2833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Gravity investigations of Mountain Pass and vicinity were begun as part of an effort to study regional crustal structures as an aid to understanding the geologic framework and mineral resources of the eastern Mojave Desert. The study area, which straddles the state boundary between southeastern California and southern Nevada, encompasses Mountain Pass, which is host to one of the world’s largest rare earth element carbonatite deposits.
The deposit is found along a north-northwest-trending, fault-bounded block that extends along the eastern parts of the Clark Mountain Range, Mescal Range, and Ivanpah Mountains. This Paleoproterozoic block is composed of a 1.7-Ga metamorphic complex of gneiss and schist that underwent widespread metamorphism and associated plutonism during the Ivanpah orogeny. The Paleoproterozoic rocks were intruded by a Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) ultrapotassic alkaline intrusive suite and carbonatite body. The intrusive rocks include, from oldest to youngest, shonkinite, mesosyenite, syenite, quartz syenite, potassic granite, carbonatite, carbonatite dikes, and late shonkinite dikes.
Generally speaking, gravity anomalies can be used to infer subsurface geologic structure, revealing variations in lithology and delineating features such as faults, plutons, volcanic centers, calderas, and deep sedimentary basins.
As part of this study, gravity data from more than 2,400 stations were collected and processed to identify lateral changes in subsurface density. Gravity stations were distributed across parts of Shadow Valley, Clark Mountain Range, Mescal Range, Ivanpah Mountains, and Ivanpah Valley. The new gravity data were combined with preexisting gravity data from the surrounding areas in California and Nevada. All gravity data were gridded using a minimum curvature algorithm at an interval of 200 m, and the result is displayed as a color-contour isostatic gravity map.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3412A","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., and Denton, K.M. (D.A. Ponce, ed.), 2018, Isostatic gravity map of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3412–A, scale 1:62,500, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3412A.","productDescription":"44.06 x 30.24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095950","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3412/a/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357500,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3412/a/sim3412a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3412-A"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.2833\n ],\n [\n -115.25,\n 35.2833\n ],\n [\n -115.25,\n 35.6167\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.6167\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.2833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3412 is a series of products that consists of geophysical and geologic maps of Mountain Pass and vicinity, California. Maps A and B (red outline in above map image) are gravity and aeromagnetic maps, respectively. The map series was begun as part of an effort to study regional crustal structures as an aid to understanding the geologic framework and mineral resources of the southeast Mojave Desert.
Mountain Pass resides within the southeast Mojave Desert, and it is host to a one of the world’s largest rare earth element carbonatite deposits. The deposit is found along a north-northwest- trending, fault-bounded block that extends along the eastern parts of the Clark Mountain Range, Mescal Range, and Ivanpah Mountains. This Paleoproterozoic block is composed of a 1.7-Ga metamorphic complex of gneiss and schist that underwent widespread metamorphism and associated plutonism during the Ivanpah orogeny. The Paleoproterozoic rocks were intruded by a Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) ultrapotassic alkaline intrusive suite and carbonatite body. The intrusive rocks include, from oldest to youngest, shonkinite, mesosyenite, syenite, quartz syenite, potassic granite, carbonatite, carbonatite dikes, and late shonkinite dikes.
Each map in the series provides the basis for geophysical and geologic interpretations of the Mountain Pass carbonatite terrane. Combined, they provide a comprehensive framework of the regional subsurface geologic structure of the area. Together, they form the first publicly available series of geophysical and geologic maps of this part of the southeast Mojave Desert.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3412","productDescription":"Map","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3412/sim3412_map.pdf","text":"Simplified geological map of study area","size":"900 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":357521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3412/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mountain Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -115.25,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -115.25,\n 35.625\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.625\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
In 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed borehole TAN-2312 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeast Idaho. The location of borehole TAN-2312 was selected because it was downgradient from TAN and believed to be the outer extent of waste plumes originating from the TAN facility. Borehole TAN-2312 initially was cored to collect continuous geologic data, and then re-drilled to complete construction as a monitor well. The final construction for borehole TAN-2312 required 16- and 10-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel well casing to 37 and 228 feet below land surface (ft BLS), respectively, and 9.9-in. diameter open-hole completion below the casing to 522 ft BLS. Depth to water is measured near 244 ft BLS. Following construction and data collection, a temporary submersible pump and water-level access line were placed near 340 ft BLS to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.
Borehole TAN-2312 was cored continuously, starting at the first basalt contact (about 37 ft BLS) to a depth of 568 ft BLS. Not including surface sediment (0–37 ft), recovery of basalt and sediment core at borehole TAN-2312 was about 93 percent; however, core recovery from 170 to 568 ft BLS was 100 percent. Based on visual inspection of core and geophysical data, basalt examined from 37 to 568 ft BLS consists of about 32 basalt flows that range from approximately 3 to 87 ft in thickness and 4 sediment layers with a combined thickness of approximately 76 ft. About 2 ft of total sediment was described for the saturated zone, observed from 244 to 568 ft BLS, near 296 and 481 ft BLS. Sediment described for the saturated zone were composed of fine-grained sand and silt with a lesser amount of clay. Basalt texture for borehole TAN-2312 generally was described as aphanitic, phaneritic, and porphyritic. Basalt flows varied from highly fractured to dense with high to low vesiculation.
Geophysical and borehole video logs were collected after core drilling and after final construction at borehole TAN-2312. Geophysical logs were examined synergistically with available core material to suggest zones where groundwater flow was anticipated. Natural gamma log measurements were used to assess sediment layer thickness and location. Neutron and gamma-gamma source logs were used to identify fractured areas for aquifer testing. Acoustic televiewer logs, fluid logs, and electromagnetic flow meter results were used to identify fractures and assess groundwater movement when compared against neutron measurements. Furthermore, gyroscopic deviation measurements were used to measure horizontal and vertical displacement for borehole TAN-2312.
After construction of borehole TAN-2312, a single-well aquifer test was completed September 27, 2017, to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Estimates for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were 1.51×102 feet squared per day and 0.23 feet per day, respectively. During the 220-minute aquifer test, well TAN-2312 had about 23 ft of measured drawdown at sustained pumping rate of 27.2 gallons per minute. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity estimates for well TAN-2312 were lower than the values determined from previous aquifer tests in other wells near Test Area North.
Water samples were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Water samples for most of the inorganic constituents showed concentrations near background levels for eastern regional groundwater. Water samples for stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur indicated some possible influence of irrigation on the water quality. The volatile organic compound data indicated that this well had some minor influence by wastewater disposal practices at Test Area North.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., Bartholomay, R.C., and Hodges, M.K.V., 2018, Completion summary for borehole TAN-2312 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5118, DOE/ID-22247, 29 p., plus appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185118.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090126","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118"},{"id":358290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"85 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 1"},{"id":358291,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 2"},{"id":358292,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix03.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 3"},{"id":358293,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5118/sir20185118_appendix04.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"138 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5118 Appendix 4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.75,\n 43.8167\n ],\n [\n -112.6833,\n 43.8167\n ],\n [\n -112.6833,\n 43.8667\n ],\n [\n -112.75,\n 43.8667\n ],\n [\n -112.75,\n 43.8167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
The Fall Line (formally \"Tidewater Fall Line\") separates the more resistant igneous, metamorphic, and consolidated sedimentary rocks of the Piedmont from the typically unconsolidated deposits of the Coastal Plain of Virginia. Widespread but now discontinuous patches of a deeply weathered sand and gravel are found west of the Fall Line, capping the highest hilltops. Near the community of Midlothian, Virginia, the gravels are underlain by fine-grained marine silts that bear an informative assemblage of fossil dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts). In situ dinocysts belong to middleMiocene zone DN7, which is calibrated to ~12-13 Ma. These deposits are assigned to the upper part of the Choptank Formation, which crops out ~ 25 km(15 mi) to the east at an elevation ~ 60m(200 ft) lower. The dinocyst assemblage suggests that the maximum extent of this Choptank transgression probably covered a significant expanse of the Virginia Piedmont. The Choptank marine silts constrain the age of the unconformably overlying Midlothian gravels to younger than the latter part of the middle Miocene. Previous work has indicated that these gravels also are older than the Pliocene Yorktown Formation. Rare, reworked dinocysts in these Choptank outcrops west of the Fall Line are sourced from older deposits of more than one age. The source could be older updip strata of the lower Eocene Nanjemoy Formation, now erosionally removed. Alternatively, the source could be material referable to the upper Eocene Exmore Formation that resulted from the Chesapeake Bay impact event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., Weems, R.E., Carter, M.W., Spears, D., and Powars, D.S., 2018, The significance of dinoflagellates in the Miocene Choptank Formation beneath the Midlothian gravels in the southeastern Virginia Piedmont: Stratigraphy, v. 15, no. 3, p. 179-195.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"195","ipdsId":"IP-094928","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381744,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/stratigraphy/issue-342/article-2076"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Miocene Choptank Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f76e4b0fc368eb53833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Mark W. 0000-0003-0460-7638 mcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-7638","contributorId":4808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Mark","email":"mcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spears, David 0000-0001-8599-3125","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-3125","contributorId":139189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spears","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12690,"text":"Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Charlottesville, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":747516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70214969,"text":"70214969 - 2018 - Diatom floras in lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, Nevada, USA: A tool for assessing high-elevation climatic variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-04T23:54:12.171088","indexId":"70214969","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-04T18:38:37","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Diatom floras in lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, Nevada, USA: A tool for assessing high-elevation climatic variability","docAbstract":"Local conditions, including lake size, depth, bathymetric profile, watershed characteristics, and timing and extent of ice cover determine the characteristics of diatom floras, and how those assemblages respond to short and long-term changes in climate. The diatom assemblages from fourteen sediment samples collected from marginal and profundal zones of seven lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range of northeastern Nevada are characterized in order to identify the factors affecting controlling species diversity, equitability, and assemblage structure. Principle component analysis delineates three depth-controlled diatom assemblages: shallow (~1), medium (~11 m), and deep (>12 m). The shallowest samples are characterized by a diverse benthic assemblage, the medium depth sample is dominated by small fragilarioid taxa, and, the deepest samples, while not dominated by planktonic species, show an increase in their abundance. In general, diatom assemblages in shallower samples exhibit higher diversity and greater equitability.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nova Hedwigia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart and Borntraeger Science Publishers","doi":"10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/024","usgsCitation":"Starratt, S.W., 2018, Diatom floras in lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, Nevada, USA: A tool for assessing high-elevation climatic variability, chap. of Nova Hedwigia, p. 319-358, https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/024.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-060849","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains, East Humboldt Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.8013916015625,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -115.09826660156251,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -115.09826660156251,\n 40.85537053192494\n ],\n [\n -115.8013916015625,\n 40.85537053192494\n ],\n [\n -115.8013916015625,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199930,"text":"70199930 - 2018 - Regional patterns in the geochemistry of oil-field water, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-04T10:31:11","indexId":"70199930","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-04T10:31:04","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional patterns in the geochemistry of oil-field water, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic data for water co-extracted with hydrocarbons in oil and gas fields are commonly used to examine the source of the formation water and possible impacts on groundwater in areas of oil and gas development. Understanding the geochemical variability of oil-field water could help to evaluate its origin and delineate possible contamination of shallow aquifers in cases where oil-field water is released to the environment. Here we report geochemical and multiple isotope (H, C, O, Sr, Ra) data from 22 oil wells, three sources of produced water that are disposed of in injection wells, and two surface disposal ponds in four oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California (Fruitvale, Lost Hills, North and South Belridge). Correlations between Cl and δ18O, as well as other ions, and gradual increases in salinity with depth, indicate dilution of one or more saline end-members by meteoric water. The saline end-members, represented by deep samples (610 m–2621 m) in three oil-bearing zones, are characterized by NaCl composition, near-seawater Cl concentrations (median 20,000 mg/L), enriched δ18O
H2O (median 3.4‰), high ammonium(up to 460 mg-N/L), and relatively high radium activity (226Ra+228Ra = 12.3 Bq/L). The deepest sample has low Na/Cl (0.74), high Ca/Mg (5.0), and low 87Sr/86Sr (0.7063), whereas the shallower samples have higher Na/Cl (0.86–1.2), Ca/Mg near 1, and higher 87Sr/86Sr (∼0.7083). The data are consistent with an original seawater source being modified by various depth and lithology dependent diagenetic processes. Dilution by meteoric water occurs naturally on the east side of the valley, and in association with water-injectionactivities on the west side. Meteoric-water flushing, particularly on the east side, results in lower solute concentrations (minimum total dissolved solids 2730 mg/L) and total radium (minimum 0.27 Bq/L) in oil-field water, and promotes biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon and hydrocarbon gases like propane. Acetate concentrations and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon indicate biogenic methane production occurs in some shallow oil zones. Natural and human processes produce substantial variability in the geochemistry of oil-field water that should be considered when evaluating mixing between oil-field waters and groundwater. The variability could result in uncertainty as to detecting the potential source and impact of oil-field water on groundwater.
Average annual temperature for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands has increased by more than 1.5°F since 1950. Under a higher emissions pathway, historically unprecedented warming is projected by the end of the 21st century, including increases in extreme heat events.
Future changes in total precipitation are uncertain, but extreme precipitation is projected to increase, with associated increases in the intensity and frequency of flooding.
Sea level has risen by 0.6 inches per decade at San Juan, Puerto Rico since 1961, near the global sea level rise rate during the second half of the 20th century. Global sea level rise projections range from 1 to 8 feet by 2100, with similar rises projected for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Rising sea levels pose widespread and continuing threats to both natural and built environments in coastal communities.
Hurricanes are a major threat to both Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Hurricane rainfall rates, storm surge heights due to sea level rise, and the number of the strongest (Category 3, 4, and 5) hurricanes are all projected to increase in a warming climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Runkle, J., Kunkel, K.E., Stevens, L.E., Champion, S., Easterling, D., Terando, A., Sun, L., Stewart, B.C., and Landers, G., 2018, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands: NOAA State Climate Summaries 149-PR, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098723","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355350,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://statesummaries.ncics.org/sites/default/files/downloads/PR-screen-hi.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf3d9f3e4b045bfcae0c9b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Champion, Sarah 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0000-0003-4611-1745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-1745","contributorId":205980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Runkle","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunkel, Kenneth E.","contributorId":147887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Laura E. 0000-0002-8842-702X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-702X","contributorId":205981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Sarah 0000-0002-5080-6286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-6286","contributorId":205982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champion","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Easterling, David","contributorId":205983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Terando, Adam 0000-0002-9280-043X aterando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":197511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sun, Liqiang","contributorId":205984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Liqiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, Brooke C.","contributorId":195288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Landers, Glenn","contributorId":205985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landers","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":751486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70198898,"text":"ofr20181133 - 2018 - Delineation of contributing areas for 2017 pumping conditions to selected wells in Ingham County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:51:10","indexId":"ofr20181133","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1133","title":"Delineation of contributing areas for 2017 pumping conditions to selected wells in Ingham County, Michigan","docAbstract":"As part of local wellhead protection area programs, areas
contributing water to production wells need to be periodically
updated because groundwater-flow paths depend in part on
the stresses to the groundwater-flow system. A steady-state
groundwater-flow model that was constructed in 2009 was
updated to reflect recent (2017) pumping conditions in the
Lansing and East Lansing area in the Tri-County region, Michigan.
For this current (2017) study, withdrawals from selected
production wells were updated, and the existing model calibration
under the new pumping conditions was checked. Results
of flow simulations indicate that 10-year time-of-travel areas
cover approximately 25 square miles and 40-year time-oftravel
areas cover approximately 51 square miles.
Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911
Small, steep watersheds are prolific sediment sources from which sediment flux is highly sensitive to climatic changes. Storm intensity and frequency are widely expected to increase during the 21st century, and so assessing the response of small, steep watersheds to extreme rainfall is essential to understanding landscape response to climate change. During record winter rainfall in 2016–2017, the San Lorenzo River, coastal California, had nine flow peaks representing 2–10‐year flood magnitudes. By the third flood, fluvial suspended sediment showed a regime shift to greater and coarser sediment supply, coincident with numerous landslides in the watershed. Even with no singular catastrophic flood, these flows exported more than half as much sediment as had a 100‐year flood 35 years earlier, substantially enlarging the nearshore delta. Annual sediment load in 2017 was an order of magnitude greater than during an average‐rainfall year, and 500‐fold greater than in a recent drought. These anomalous sediment inputs are critical to the coastal littoral system, delivering enough sediment, sometimes over only a few days, to maintain beaches for several years. Future projections of megadroughts punctuated by major atmospheric‐river storm activity suggest that interannual sediment‐yield variations will become more extreme than today in the western USA, with potential consequences for coastal management, ecosystems, and water‐storage capacity. The occurrence of two years with major sediment export over the past 35 years that were not associated with extremes of the El Niño Southern Oscillation or Pacific Decadal Oscillation suggests caution in interpreting climatic signals from marine sedimentary deposits derived from small, steep, coastal watersheds, to avoid misinterpreting the frequencies of those cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.4415","usgsCitation":"East, A.E., Stevens, A.W., Ritchie, A.C., Barnard, P., Campbell‐Swarzenski, P., Collins, B.D., and Conaway, C., 2018, A regime shift in sediment export from a coastal watershed during a record wet winter, California: Implications for landscape response to hydroclimatic extremes: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 43, no. 12, p. 2562-2577, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4415.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2562","endPage":"2577","ipdsId":"IP-088636","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Lorenzo watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.9167,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.9167,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 36.9167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bee93e5e4b08f163c24a1bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. 0000-0003-2334-129X astevens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-129X","contributorId":139313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell‐Swarzenski, Pamela L. 0000-0002-2232-6381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-6381","contributorId":210642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell‐Swarzenski","given":"Pamela L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H. 0000-0002-0991-033X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-033X","contributorId":201932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher H.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":751284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200786,"text":"70200786 - 2018 - United States bat species of concern: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T13:42:06","indexId":"70200786","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-28T13:37:47","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5773,"text":"Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series","onlineIssn":"0068-547X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"United States bat species of concern: A synthesis","docAbstract":"In 1994 the federal government designated 24 species or subspecies of bats in the United States (U.S.) and its territories as Category 2 candidates for listing as Endangered or Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Category 2 was eliminated in 1996, but taxa previously receiving this designation were informally considered “species of concern”. Various state and federal agencies and conservation organizations assigned bat species of concern to more formal conservation categories. Some of the original 24 taxa designated as Category 2 candidates in 1994 were later listed as Endangered, whereas others were subject to refinements in knowledge of their taxonomy and distribution. The remaining 20 species of bats have the subjects of increased research efforts over the past two decades, and are the focus of this review. Two species occur in the U.S. Territories. All of the 18 mainland species ranges include areas west of the Mississippi River (15 are found primarily in western states), and 13 occur in California (72% of the 18 mainland species). In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the literature pertinent to the conservation designations, systematics, distribution, habitats, relative abundance, foraging, diet, roosting ecology, population ecology, and management of each of these 20 species. The species of concern are distributed among four families of bats. The Samoan flying fox (Pteropus samoensis) belong to the old-world family Pteropodidae. The California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus), red fruit bat (Stenoderma rufum), and Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) are members of the new-world family Phyllostomidae. Three species belong to the cosmopolitan family Molossidae: the greater bonneted bat (Eumops perotis californicus), Underwood’s bonneted bat (Eumops underwoodi), and the big free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops macrotis). Most bat species of concern are in the globally distributed family Vespertilionidae: Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), Rafinesque’s big-eared bat (C. rafinesquii), spotted bat (Euderma maculatum), Allen’s big-eared bat (Idionycteris phyllotis), southeastern myotis (M. austroriparius), western small-footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum), long-eared myotis (M. evotis), eastern small-footed myotis (M. leibii), Arizona myotis (M. occultus), fringed myotis (M. thysanodes), cave myotis (M. velifer), long-legged myotis (M. volans), and Yuma myotis (M. yumanensis). An impressive amount of knowledge has accumulated about these species since their informal designation as species of concern, but this knowledge is unevenly distributed. Comparatively little research has been conducted on the Samoan flying fox and the red fruit bat over the past decade in tropical territories, nor on the Mexican long-tongued bat and Underwood’s mastiff bat in the southwestern U.S. Within temperate regions of the U.S., habitat use of two eastern species that roost in hollow trees or caves (southeastern myotis and Rafinesque’s big-eared bat) has been the focus of much research, as have aspects of the biology of cave-roosting and tree-roosting western species, particularly where information about management of forests, caves and abandoned mines can be used to benefit bat conservation. Comparatively less information has accrued about species that roost in rock crevices and high on cliff faces. Other major gaps in information are also identified. We anticipate that this review will help guide future research and conservation efforts directed at the bat species of concern.","language":"English","publisher":"California Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, T.J., Cryan, P.M., and Bogan, M.A., 2018, United States bat species of concern: A synthesis: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series, v. 65, no. Supplement 1, p. 1-279.","startPage":"1","endPage":"279","ipdsId":"IP-090676","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359054,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/izg/SciPubs2.html"}],"country":"United States","volume":"65","issue":"Supplement 1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a931e4b034bf6a7e508f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":207270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":147942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":196745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198296,"text":"sir20185102 - 2018 - Groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-28T16:55:22","indexId":"sir20185102","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-28T09:17:05","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5102","title":"Groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012","docAbstract":"Excessive algal growth and low dissolved oxygen concentrations were observed during low streamflow conditions during summer months along a 5,800-foot reach of the East Fork Carson River in Carson Valley, west-central Nevada. Algal growth from nutrient enrichment of a stream reduces aquatic diversity, threatens fish ecology and stream health, and can be a recreational nuisance. In response to concerns that groundwater discharging to the 5,800-foot reach of the East Fork Carson River may be a source of nutrients to the stream, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Carson Water Subconservancy District and the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, conducted studies during the summers of 2010 and 2012 to gain an improved understanding of the contributions of nutrients to the stream from groundwater, characterize algal conditions and algal effects on water quality, assess potential sources of nitrate in groundwater discharging to the stream, and evaluate nitrate reduction in groundwater from denitrification.
A reconnaissance study in the summer of 2010 along the 5,800-foot study reach located a subreach with clear evidence of nutrient-rich groundwater discharging to the stream. At the subreach, nitrate plus nitrite (referred to hereafter as nitrate) concentrations in groundwater discharging to the stream were high (average 2.75 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) along the right bank. The stream at this location had the highest stream nitrate concentrations (average 0.056 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) compared to other locations upstream and downstream of the subreach. As a result, the 2012 study focused on a 405-foot subreach of the East Fork Carson River centered where results from the 2010 study found the highest stream and groundwater concentrations of nitrate, as well as the greatest observed contributions of groundwater discharge to the stream.
Groundwater nutrient concentrations were much higher than stream nutrient concentrations during the summer of 2012 during low streamflow conditions at the 405-foot subreach of the East Fork Carson River. Average groundwater nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations along the right bank of the 405‑foot subreach were 9 and 12 times higher, respectively, than in the stream at this subreach. Groundwater discharge rates to the study reach based on different methods varied from 0.09 to 1.2 cubic feet per second per mile. Estimated groundwater discharge rates to the right bank of the study subreach were used to calculate groundwater nutrient load estimates to the subreach right bank, which were found to be low when compared to stream nutrient loads.
Elevated algal biomass levels above nuisance thresholds were observed during the summers of 2010 and 2012. The study reach was characterized as mesotrophic-eutrophic during the 2010 study and eutrophic during the 2012 study. The presence of algae caused daily dissolved oxygen and pH fluctuations in the stream, resulting in exceedances of the State of Nevada water-quality standards owing to low dissolved oxygen concentrations and high pH concentrations, although the standards might not have been applicable during 2012 because of extremely low streamflow.
The addition of nutrients to the stream from the constant supply in groundwater discharge sustains the growth of algae during low streamflow conditions. In the summer when streamflow is low or very low, nutrient-rich groundwater discharge enters the stream through the sediment-water interface at the streambed. Because the attached algae is thick and stream velocity is low, the nutrient-rich water pools at the sediment-water interface. Higher nutrient concentrations at the streambed create a favorable microenvironment for algae attached to the substrate to consume available nutrients from the groundwater before the groundwater mixes with overlying stream water.
The source of nitrate in groundwater in this subreach is anthropogenic because nitrate concentrations are greater than background groundwater nitrate concentrations in Douglas County, high groundwater nitrate concentrations are only found at the right bank of the stream near a housing development, and organic wastewater compounds indicative of human-derived sources were also detected in groundwater wells on the right bank of the stream. Nitrogen and oxygen isotope concentrations of nitrate in shallow groundwater were used to determine the specific source of the nitrate, but the isotopic values indicated denitrification was occurring. Further investigation is needed to determine the specific anthropogenic source of the nitrate in the groundwater because the denitrification present in all samples obscures the original source of nitrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carson Water Subconservancy District and Nevada Division of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, N.L., Pahl, R.A, and Rosen, M.R., 2018, Groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5102, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185102.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 94 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045681","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5102/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5102/sir20185102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5102"},{"id":357725,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7C53K4Q","linkHelpText":"Supplemental data for groundwater contributions to excessive algal growth in the East Fork Carson River, Carson Valley, west-central Nevada, 2010 and 2012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"East Fork Carson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.7989,\n 38.94\n ],\n [\n -119.7714,\n 38.94\n ],\n [\n -119.7714,\n 38.97\n ],\n [\n -119.7989,\n 38.97\n ],\n [\n -119.7989,\n 38.94\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
The McGee Till is an early Pleistocene glacial diamict as thick as 50 m, preserved over an area of 1.65 km2 on a relict low-relief Pliocene plateau that stands 900 m higher than mouths of its bounding canyons, on the rangefront of the Sierra Nevada. Although recognized 90 years ago as the oldest till in the Sierra, its age and relation to the next oldest Sierran till have remained uncertain, even controversial. This contribution seeks to clarify both. The McGee Till consists predominantly of grussy boulders and sandy-granular matrix derived largely from a distinctive Cretaceous granodiorite that walls McGee Creek canyon 4–8 km to the south. The till rests directly upon two different basaltic units that yield 40Ar/39Ar ages of 2.8 and 2.6 Ma and show little or no evidence of preglacial erosion. The basalts preserve a minimum of 165–255 m of relief on steep slopes that existed around the plateau margins at the time of their eruption. McGee Creek consists of two segments—a north-directed reach that confined the glacier that deposited the till and, now diverging at a right bend just upvalley from the till, a northeast-flowing reach that was incised later. The base of the McGee Till is at 3160 m elevation on the present-day rim of McGee Creek, 610 m above the bend. The base of the 130-ka Tahoe Till (MIS 6) is at 2550 m elevation directly downslope from the McGee Till and at 2300 m at the rangefront mouth of the canyon's northeast reach. The base of the 900–866 ka Sherwin Till (MIS 22) is at 2400 m at the nearby rangefront mouth of Rock Creek. As the canyons were cut to nearly modern depths before the Sherwin glaciation, the high-perched McGee Till is probably older than 2 Ma and possibly close in age to the 2.6 Ma basalt it overlies. Growth in rangefront relief since about 3.0–2.5 Ma owes to normal slip on the Hilton Creek and Round Valley Faults east of McGee Mountain as well as to the 767-ka collapse of Long Valley caldera to its north.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.008","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., Fierstein, J., and Calvert, A.T., 2018, McGee Till—oldest glacial deposit in the Sierra Nevada, California— and Quaternary evolution of the rangefront escarpment: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 198, p. 242-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.008.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"265","ipdsId":"IP-097618","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"McGill Till","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.34178096223278,\n 37.90563417842898\n ],\n [\n -119.34178096223278,\n 37.462740515318\n ],\n [\n -118.32272088159911,\n 37.462740515318\n ],\n [\n -118.32272088159911,\n 37.90563417842898\n ],\n [\n -119.34178096223278,\n 37.90563417842898\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"198","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judith E. 0000-0001-8024-1426","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-1426","contributorId":329988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judith E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199664,"text":"70199664 - 2018 - Using mercury injection pressure analyses to estimate sealing capacity of the Tuscaloosa marine shale in Mississippi, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T13:28:00","indexId":"70199664","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T13:26:10","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2049,"text":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using mercury injection pressure analyses to estimate sealing capacity of the Tuscaloosa marine shale in Mississippi, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration","docAbstract":"This work used mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analyses of the Tuscaloosa Group in Mississippi, including the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS), to assess their efficacy and sealing capacity for geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Tuscaloosa Group porosity and permeability from MICP were evaluated to calculate CO2 column height retention. TMS and Lower Tuscaloosa shale samples have, respectively, Swanson permeability values less than 0.003 md and 0.00245 md; porosity from 3.86% to 9.86% and 1.34% to 7.96%; median pore throat sizes from 0.00342 to 0.0111 μm and 0.00311 to 0.017 μm; and pore radii from 0.0130 to 0.152 μm and 0.0132 to 0.149 μm. Mercury entry pressures for the TMS and Lower Tuscaloosa range from 4.9 to 57.1 MPa and 5.0 to 56.3 MPa, respectively. Calculated CO2 column heights that the TMS sample set can retain in the reservoir range from 23 to 255 m when the TMS is near 100% water saturation. Potential top seal leakage is more likely to be influenced by the numerous well penetrations through the confining system of the TMS rather than capillary failure. Results of this study demonstrate desirable sealing capacity of the TMS for geologic CO2 sequestration in reservoir sandstones of the Lower Tuscaloosa and could provide an analogue to other potential CO2 sequestration top seals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., and Hackley, P.C., 2018, Using mercury injection pressure analyses to estimate sealing capacity of the Tuscaloosa marine shale in Mississippi, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide sequestration: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 78, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-095213","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BC3XTK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury injection capillary pressure data in the U.S. Gulf Coast Tuscaloosa Group in Mississippi and Louisiana collected 2015 to 2017"},{"id":357684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 29.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f8ee4b0fc368eb538c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199573,"text":"70199573 - 2018 - Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T09:21:26","indexId":"70199573","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T10:49:17","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5754,"text":" Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover","docAbstract":"In river valleys, sediment moves between active river channels, near-channel deposits including bars and floodplains, and upland environments such as terraces and aeolian dunefields. Sediment availability is a prerequisite for the sustained transfer of material between these areas, and for the eco-geomorphic functioning of river networks in general. However, the difficulty of monitoring sediment availability and movement at the reach or corridor scale has hindered our ability to quantify and forecast the response of sediment transfer to hydrologic or land cover alterations. Here we leverage spatiotemporally extensive datasets quantifying sediment areal coverage along a 28 km reach of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, southwestern USA. In concert with information on hydrologic alteration and vegetation encroachment resulting from the operation of Glen Canyon Dam (constructed in 1963) upstream of our study reach, we model the relative and combined influence of changes in (a) flow and (b) riparian vegetation extent on the areal extent of sediment available for transport in the river valley over the period from 1921 to 2016. In addition, we use projections of future streamflow and vegetation encroachment to forecast sediment availability over the 20 year period from 2016 to 2036. We find that hydrologic alteration has reduced the areal extent of bare sediment by 9% from the pre- to post-dam periods, whereas vegetation encroachment further reduced bare sediment extent by 45%. Over the next 20 years, the extent of bare sediment is forecast to be reduced by an additional 12%. Our results demonstrate the impact of river regulation, specifically the loss of annual low flows and associated vegetation encroachment, on reducing the sediment available for transfer within river valleys. This work provides an extendable framework for using high-resolution data on streamflow and land cover to assess and forecast the impact of watershed perturbation (e.g. river regulation, land cover shifts, climate change) on sediment connectivity at the corridor scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1177/0309133318795846","usgsCitation":"Kasprak, A., Sankey, J.B., Buscombe, D.D., Caster, J., East, A.E., and Grams, P.E., 2018, Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, v. 42, no. 6, p. 739-764, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"764","ipdsId":"IP-088947","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SX3MGY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"River Valley Sediment Connectivity Data, Colorado River, Grand Canyon"},{"id":357659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park, Lower Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasprak, Alan 0000-0001-8184-6128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6128","contributorId":204162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasprak","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caster, Joshua 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":199033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199456,"text":"70199456 - 2018 - Four-dimensional isotopic approach to identify perchlorate sources in groundwater: Application to the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins, southern California (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T10:56:15","indexId":"70199456","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T10:56:12","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Four-dimensional isotopic approach to identify perchlorate sources in groundwater: Application to the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins, southern California (USA)","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO4−) in groundwater can be from synthetic or natural sources. Natural sources include ClO4− associated with historical application of imported natural nitrate fertilizer from the Atacama Desert of Chile, and indigenous ClO4− that accumulates locally in arid regions from atmospheric deposition. The Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin, 80 km east of Los Angeles, California, includes two mapped ClO4− plumes from known military/industrial sources. Larger areas downgradient from those plumes, and in the Chino subbasin to the southwest, also contain ClO4−. Perchlorate from wells was analyzed for chlorine and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ37Cl, δ18O, Δ17O) and radioactive chlorine-36(36Cl) isotopic abundance, along with other geochemical, isotopic, and hydrogeologic data. Isotopic data show that synthetic ClO4− was the dominant source within the mapped plumes. Downgradient from the mapped plumes, and in the Chino subbasin, the dominant source of ClO4− was related to past agricultural use of Chilean (Atacama) nitrate fertilizer. The 36Cl and δ18O data indicate that wells having predominantly synthetic or Atacama ClO4− also contained small fractions of indigenous ClO4−. Little or no differences were observed in isotopic composition or ClO4− source with depth in depth-dependent data from selected wells. Indigenous ClO4− was most evident in upgradient wells having ClO4− concentrations <1 μg/L, consistent with its occurrence as a background constituent throughout the region. Stable isotope ratios of chlorine and oxygen and 36Cl isotopic abundance data provided relatively unambiguous discrimination of synthetic and Atacama sources in most wells having ClO4− concentrations greater than 1 μg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020","usgsCitation":"Hatzinger, P.B., Bohlke, J., Sturchio, N.C., Izbicki, J.A., and Teague, N.F., 2018, Four-dimensional isotopic approach to identify perchlorate sources in groundwater: Application to the Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins, southern California (USA): Applied Geochemistry, v. 97, p. 213-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-095009","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rialto-Colton and Chino subbasins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.0333\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 34.0333\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 34.1833\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.1833\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 34.0333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ae4b0fc368eb538e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":149376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17721,"text":"Shaw Environmental, Princeton, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teague, Nicholas F. 0000-0001-5289-1210 nteague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":2145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nicholas","email":"nteague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198867,"text":"sir20185095 - 2018 - Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T11:10:08","indexId":"sir20185095","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-20T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5095","title":"Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14","docAbstract":"Nitrogen transport and transformation were studied during 2013 to 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in a subterranean estuary beneath onshore locations on the Seacoast Shores peninsula, a residential area in Falmouth, Massachusetts, served by septic systems and cesspools, and adjacent offshore locations in the Eel River, a saltwater embayment connected to the ocean. The field investigation included installation and sampling of clusters of wells and temporary sampling points near a transect extending from about 35 meters (m) onshore to 18 m offshore.
The fresh groundwater at the study site formed a lens about 11 m thick at the shoreline that was underlain by saline groundwater. Groundwater flow in the water-table aquifer was oriented northwestward toward the embayment. Nitrate concentrations in the fresh groundwater at a site about 35 m onshore increased in the downward direction from less than 500 micromoles per liter near the water table to about 1,700 micromoles per liter just above the freshwater/saltwater transition zone. Dissolved oxygen was largely absent in the onshore fresh groundwater. Distributions of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate at the shoreline and offshore generally were similar to those onshore; at some locations, however, shallow saline water was present above the freshwater, and there were scattered occurrences of elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Geochemical indicators of nitrate reduction, including concentrations of the reaction product nitrogen gas, stable isotope ratios of nitrate and nitrogen gas, and changes in alkalinity, provided evidence for nitrate reduction in two zones separated vertically by a zone 7–8 m thick with no evidence of nitrate reduction. The shallow nitrate-reduction zone was near the water table in fresh groundwater onshore, where nitrate reduction may be related to particular recharge conditions at nearby sources. The shallow nitrate-reduction zone also may be related to an interval of fine-grained sediments at about the same altitude (−1 to −6 m relative to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929), where flow is slower and reactive electron donors such as solid organic carbon, iron, or sulfide phases may be present to drive the reduction. The deep nitrate-reduction zone was near the freshwater/saltwater transition zone, where nitrate reduction may be related to mixing of freshwater containing nitrate and saltwater containing dissolved organic carbon and ammonium, or to fine-grained sediments near the transition zone. The maximum amount of nitrate converted to nitrogen gas was estimated to be less than or equal to 300 micromoles per liter in both nitrate-reduction zones.
The presence of nitrate and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the 7–8-meter-thick zone between the shallow and deep nitrate-reduction zones are conditions that could permit nitrate reduction. The absence of evidence of nitrate reduction in the high-nitrate zone may have resulted from the lack of reactive electron donors in that depth interval. The high-nitrate zone dissipated somewhat in the offshore direction, but the current study did not extend far enough to encompass the fresh groundwater discharge area or determine how much of the nitrate was removed prior to discharge.
A shallow intertidal saltwater cell was formed during a spring tide by saltwater infiltration during tidal run-up on the beach. Nitrate reduction might have occurred if nitrate-containing fresh groundwater discharging to the estuary mixed with the saltwater containing dissolved organic carbon in this zone, but samples collected from the intertidal saltwater cell during this study were not analyzed for indicators of nitrate reduction.
Elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations in fresh groundwater 9 m offshore may indicate that groundwater flow was partly oblique to the sampling transect or that groundwater from a regional flow system was converging under the river near the study area. Flow directions also may have been affected by aquifer heterogeneity such as the shallow fine-grained sediments onshore and at the bottom of the Eel River. Improved understanding of the fate of nitrate in this type of complex setting might be gained by including additional characterization of aquifer heterogeneity and groundwater flow and extending investigations of nitrate reduction to the shallow sediments in the intertidal saltwater cell and adjacent subtidal zone and to locations farther offshore beneath the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development and Region 1 (New England)","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., LeBlanc, D.R., Böhlke, J.K., McCobb, T.D., Kroeger, K.D., Belaval, M., Cambareri, T.C., Pirolli, G.F., Brooks, T.W., Garren, M.E., Stover, T.B., and Keeley, A., 2018, Geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5095, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185095.","productDescription":"ix, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062996","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357427,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WF0 ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data supporting analysis of geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts, 2013"},{"id":437746,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WF0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data supporting analysis of geochemical conditions and nitrogen transport in nearshore groundwater and the subterranean estuary at a Cape Cod embayment, East Falmouth, Massachusetts"},{"id":356663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5095/sir20185095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5095"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"East Falmouth","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod Embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -70.52553176879881,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -70.52553176879881,\n 41.580525125613846\n ],\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.580525125613846\n ],\n [\n -70.55076599121094,\n 41.56203190200195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
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Significant uncertainty remains concerning how and where crustal shortening occurs throughout the eastern Cascade Range in Washington State. Using light detection and ranging (lidar) imagery, we identified an
The composition of crude oil in a surficial aquifer was determined in two locations at the Bemidji, MN, spill site. The abundances of 71 individual hydrocarbons varied within 16 locations sampled. Little depletion of these hydrocarbons (relative to the pipeline oil) occurred in the first 10 years after the spill, whereas losses of 25% to 85% of the total measured hydrocarbons occurred after 30 years. The C6‐30 n‐alkanes, toluene, and o‐xylene were the most depleted hydrocarbons. Some hydrocarbons, such as the n‐C10–24cyclohexanes, tri‐ and tetra‐ methylbenzenes, acyclic isoprenoids, and naphthalenes were the least depleted. Benzene was detected at every sampling location 30 years after the spill. Degradation of the oil led to increases in the percent organic carbon and in the δ 13C of the oil. Another method of determining hydrocarbon loss was by normalizing the total measured hydrocarbon concentrations to that of the most conservative analytes. This method indicated that the total measured hydrocarbons were depleted by 47% to 77% and loss of the oil mass over 30 years was 18% to 31%. Differences in hydrocarbon depletion were related to the depth of the oil in the aquifer, local topography, amount of recharge reaching the oil, availability of electron acceptors, and the presence of less permeable soils above the oil. The results from this study indicate that once crude oil has been in the subsurface for a number of years there is no longer a “starting oil concentration” that can be used to understand processes that affect its fate and the transport of hydrocarbons in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12619","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R.P., Qi, H., Cozzarelli, I.M., Trost, J.J., and Bekins, B.A., 2018, Weathering of oil in a surficial aquifer: Groundwater, v. 56, no. 5, p. 797-809, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12619.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"809","ipdsId":"IP-086452","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75Q4TJ1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Weathering of Oil in a Surficial Aquifer, Bemidji, MN"},{"id":357348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"56","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9ee4b0fc368eb53913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. 0000-0002-2075-5908 eganhous@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2075-5908","contributorId":206243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trost, Jared J. 0000-0003-0431-2151 jtrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-2151","contributorId":3749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Jared","email":"jtrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199331,"text":"70199331 - 2018 - Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T10:53:44","indexId":"70199331","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-14T10:53:19","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood","title":"Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood","docAbstract":"Injecting CO2 into depleted oil reservoirs to extract additional crude oil is a common enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technique. However, little is known about how in situ microbial communities may be impacted by CO2 flooding, or if any permanent microbiological changes occur after flooding has ceased. Formation water was collected from an oil field that was flooded for CO2-EOR in the 1980s, including samples from areas affected by or outside of the flood region, to determine the impacts of CO2-EOR on reservoir microbial communities. Archaea, specifically methanogens, were more abundant than bacteria in all samples, while identified bacteria exhibited much greater diversity than the archaea. Microbial communities in CO2-impacted and non-impacted samples did not significantly differ (ANOSIM: Statistic R = -0.2597, significance = 0.769). However, several low abundance bacteria were found to be significantly associated with the CO2-affected group; very few of these species are known to metabolize CO2 or are associated with CO2-rich habitats. Although this study had limitations, on a broad scale, either the CO2 flood did not impact the microbial community composition of the target formation, or microbial communities in affected wells may have reverted back to pre-injection conditions over the ca. 40 years since the CO2-EOR.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/femsec/fiy153","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J., Andrews, R.S., Akob, D., DeVera, C.A., Mumford, A.C., McCray, J.E., and McIntosh, J.C., 2018, Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 94, no. 10, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy153.","productDescription":"fiy153; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-096230","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy153","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.25,\n 31.77\n ],\n [\n -92.2,\n 31.77\n ],\n [\n -92.2,\n 31.83\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 31.83\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 31.77\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f9fe4b0fc368eb53917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jenna L. 0000-0002-1377-0675 jlshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675","contributorId":5025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jenna L.","email":"jlshelton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Robert S. 0000-0002-6166-720X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-720X","contributorId":204981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akob, Denise M. 0000-0003-1534-3025","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025","contributorId":204701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akob","given":"Denise M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mumford, Adam C. 0000-0002-8082-8910 amumford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-8910","contributorId":197795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumford","given":"Adam","email":"amumford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCray, John E.","contributorId":169186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCray","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer C. 0000-0001-5055-4202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-4202","contributorId":150557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}